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teractions contribute to specific clinical harms. Poor communication of medication name, dose, route of delivery, and timing of administration between physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and patients can lead to medication errors ( Keers, Williams, Cooke, & Ashcroft, 2013 ). Hierarchy (e.g., between professional roles, an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.411 | 0.842 | ["communication", "career"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.154579 | [
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al, 2004 ) such as violation of evidence-based treatment protocols. The teamwork and communication challenges in health care manifest the problem of coordination neglect in organizational systems ( Heath & Staudenmayer, 2000 ). Managing complex work usually involves breaking it into tasks and delegating components of t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.495 | 0.85 | ["management", "communication", "strategy", "crisis", "economy"] | 504 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.154740 | [
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n and integration ( Heath & Staudenmayer, 2000 ). Health care delivery is inherently interdependent and increasingly complex. No one individual can assure a patient receives the highest standard of care, nor can he or she protect the patient from all potential harms stemming from increasingly complex and powerful thera... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.428 | 0.854 | ["management"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.154892 | [
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eams and coordinating care ( Kohn et al., 1999 ). Health Care as a Vehicle to Advance the Science of Teams Like the innovative and foundational work on military teams or aviation crews in past decades, health care provides a unique setting for team researchers to develop and test theories of team effectiveness. There i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.466 | 0.87 | ["management", "war_conflict", "economy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.155093 | [
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virtual teams of consultants contributing to a diagnosis, to loosely coupled teams working to manage chronic care, and even translational science teams working to integrate basic science researchers and community members, teamwork in health care spans the spectrum. Care delivery involves a multitude of professional rol... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.628 | 0.844 | ["management", "decision_making", "career"] | 510 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.155219 | [
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in shared decision making) to extensive multiteam systems (MTSs; e.g., quality and safety in improvement teams within a health system; Weaver et al., 2014 ). Care teams vary in most of the features linked to team performance, including authority and skill differentiation, temporal stability, and physical and temporal d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.479 | 0.694 | ["management", "strategy", "decision_making", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.155342 | [
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isciplinary rounds) to intensive psychomotor work requiring coordination (e.g., surgical procedures). In short, teams in health care span the full spectrum of team taxonomies. The majority of team research in health care focuses on acute care settings and tightly coupled colocated action teams (e.g., surgical teams, tr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.646 | 0.702 | ["management", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.155467 | [
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ams and efforts to translate team performance principles discovered in similar action-oriented teams (e.g., aviation) to teams working in acute care settings like hospitals and prehospital emergency medical services. Although many of the discoveries presented in this article may generalize to nonaction types of teams i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.56 | 0.844 | ["management", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.155602 | [
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amwork science upon which to base that assertion. An increasing emphasis on population health, including preventative and chronic care, means there are opportunities for psychology researchers to contribute more broadly. Specifically, by strengthening our understanding of teams and teamwork processes in more complex or... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.55 | 0.846 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.155786 | [
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tings; for example, understanding how to build teams to manage the transition to palliative care for terminal patients ( Waldfogel et al., 2016 ) or better integrating mental health services into primary care in rural care settings in which clinical team members may not be physically colocated with patients or one anot... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.518 | 0.86 | ["management", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.155909 | [
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ommunities, including public health, health services, and health care delivery scientists, implementation science, and others interested in understanding an improving teamwork and coordination across the health care continuum. Unique and complex team configurations, as well as ongoing transformations in health care del... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.812 | ["management", "education", "philosophy"] | 434 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.156034 | [
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m researchers can work to generate new knowledge. Purpose of This Review In this review, we highlight the contributions of psychological research to the advancement of evidence-based teamwork practices in care delivery. As detailed in Figure 1 , Panel A, this review is guided by the input-mediator-output framework ( Il... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.646 | 0.84 | ["management", "education"] | 469 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.156159 | [
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ied teamwork improvement projects in health care. We draw from recent and comprehensive empirical and narrative reviews of the science of teams in health care published between December 2000 and December 2017 that were identified through keyword searches of PubMED and PsycINFO to synthesize what is known about the team... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.654 | 0.848 | ["management"] | 510 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.156364 | [
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pact these things have on care delivery outcomes. We close with future directions and opportunities for psychologists to continue contributing to the science of teams in health care. Table 1 provides a summary of key discoveries and associated future directions for research. Figure 1. Open in a new tab Illustration of ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.626 | 0.838 | ["management"] | 460 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.156556 | [
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) framework guiding the team science discoveries. Discovery 1 focuses on organizational context factors (inputs) impacting team effectiveness. Discoveries 2 and 3 focus on what is known about effective teamwork competencies (inputs) and processes (mediators). Discovery 4 focuses on how team processes are measured, and ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.58 | 0.826 | ["management"] | 441 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.156678 | [
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focuses on evidence linking teamwork to outcomes. Panel B illustrates multiteam system (MTS) interdependence structures in healthcare organizations. Component team (CT) 1 and CT 2 exhibit intensive coordination, such as a primary care team and group of consultants working collaboratively on diagnosis and treatment plan... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.486 | 0.85 | ["management", "strategy", "economy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.156826 | [
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ry unit caring for surgical patients; CTs 3 and 4 exhibit reciprocal interdependence, such as physical therapy and nursing teams working to ambulate patients within an inpatient care unit. Table 1. Summary of Key Discoveries and Future Directions Discovery Description/state of the science Future directions Structure an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.465 | 0.86 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.156961 | [
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ks and the task is conducted, have important implications on what constitutes effective teamwork processes that lead to desired outcomes. Explore teamwork over longer periods of time in complex organizational structures like multiteam systems. In addition, examine how patient care can benefit from more macro-level patt... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.467 | 0.834 | ["management"] | 468 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.157083 | [
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contextual changes on improved quality measures. For example, the use of multidisciplinary rounds to improve patient outcomes or the influence of leadership culture on team learning. The KSAs underlying teamwork in health care settings are identifiable Undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education competency models... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.834 | ["management", "leadership", "education", "communication"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.157217 | [
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evaluation has occurred in acute, rather than chronic care, contexts. Identifying and assessing competencies necessary for multiteam systems, virtual teams, and with health information technology, as well as managing disciplinary/other fault lines, and impact on patient and provider outcome Teamwork processes in health... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.664 | 0.834 | ["management", "communication", "economy", "education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.157350 | [
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tional and interventional studies reinforce that many of the affective, cognitive, behavioral processes that matter for other types of teams operating in high-risk, dynamic environments also matter for teams delivering clinical care (e.g., adaptive coordination, group-level learning while executing, translating and syn... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.518 | 0.828 | ["management", "philosophy", "communication", "economy", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.157480 | [
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cesses among larger MTSs and looser collaborators over time Team performance can be validly measured across complex settings Content and construct validity have been established for team performance measurement tools in a wide range of care settings using survey and observational measurement methods. Determine what att... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.634 | 0.828 | ["management", "philosophy", "economy"] | 440 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.157603 | [
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atings with the lowest level of logistical costs. Explore the potential of unobtrusive and sensor-based methods of measuring teamwork. Health care team training competencies can be systematically improved Both formal training and on-the-job tools can be leveraged to strategically and purposefully improve team competenc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.468 | 0.838 | ["management", "career", "communication", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.157755 | [
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elp teams better coordinate, communicate, and develop accurate shared mental models throughout distributed, asynchronous performance. Leadership and sustainment strategies are chief among the conditions that influence the effectiveness of team interventions. Leadership must model and support desired team competencies w... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.512 | 0.82 | ["leadership", "management", "communication", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 484 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.157892 | [
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to achieve long-term team improvement solutions. Teamwork quality impacts patient, staff, and organizational outcomes Failures in teamwork are associated with a large proportion of the high rate of preventable patient harm, the quality of care provided by organizations, and staff fatigue, burnout, and turnover. A more ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.663 | 0.832 | ["management"] | 441 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.158011 | [
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eract to impact outcomes. Open in a new tab Note. MTS = Multi-Team System; KSA = Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes; HIT = Health Information Technology; EHR = Electronic Health Record. Discovery 1: Structure and Context Matter to Understanding the Quality of Teamwork Discovery 1 pertains to structural and contextual issues ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.617 | 0.842 | ["management", "education", "philosophy"] | 472 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.158167 | [
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(KSAs) are not the only determinates of teamwork. The structure of the task and the context in which teams function are critical to understanding and improving teamwork. Health care teams are primarily project (e.g., quality improvement teams), management, or work (e.g., care delivery) teams ( Lemieux-Charles & McGuire... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.503 | 0.704 | ["management"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.158307 | [
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) or disease type (e.g., diabetes or stroke), and those teams who focus on a care delivery setting (e.g., primary, acute,home). This section summarizes structural and contextual influences on teamwork. Structure: Team Composition and Task Interdependence Team composition is the configuration of attributes of a team’s m... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.642 | 0.68 | ["management", "family"] | 463 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.158467 | [
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s through surface-level or deep-level constructs. Surface-level variables are overtly identifiable (e.g., age, race, training discipline), whereas deep-level variables are underlying psychological variables (e.g., personality, attitudes) discoverable only after interacting with someone ( Bell, 2007 ). Team composition ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.48 | 0.68 | ["management", "career"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.158612 | [
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bout teamwork between professions in the surgical services, finding variations between roles about how conflict should be resolved in the operating room. Team composition has served as the basis of improvement interventions as well. For example, interprofessional or multidisciplinary rounds in the acute care settings a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.483 | 0.844 | ["career", "management", "strategy", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.158702 | [
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conducted at the bedside to engage patients and their loved ones. The introduction of multidisciplinary rounds significantly improves quality measures for congestive heart failure and pneumonia ( O’Mahony, Mazur, Charney, Wang, & Fine, 2007 ), decreases length of stay for trauma patients ( Dutton et al., 2003 ), and im... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.856 | ["communication", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.158793 | [
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reduces prescribing orders by 66% ( Leape et al., 1999 ), because needed expertise about medications has been added to the team. These structural interventions do not inherently ensure that good teamwork will occur. Role boundary conflicts can emerge when teamwork is poor (e.g., team members overstepping professional b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.682 | ["management", "leadership", "career", "war_conflict"] | 444 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.158894 | [
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lth care teams function in a variety of contexts. Research to date has focused on the role of culture and organizational leadership external to the team in health care team functioning. Although culture and external leadership are distinct concepts, they are tightly intertwined in practice as leaders influence collecti... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.422 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "ethics"] | 475 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159001 | [
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ach hospital unit may have its own micro culture. Each of these contexts influence how teams function and shape team member interactions ( DiazGranados, Dow, Appelbaum, Mazmanian, & Retchin, 2017 ). From a patient safety lens, learning from error is a critical organizational capacity requiring staff to be comfortable r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.635 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159117 | [
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i.e., the words or deeds of leaders that may support others’ contributions) on the relationship between status and psychological safety in teams. Results indicated that leader inclusiveness helped to overcome some of the negative effects (i.e., low psychological safety) of status in health care teams. These team dynami... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.484 | 0.678 | ["management", "leadership", "networking"] | 423 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159209 | [
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dividuals and teams to learn from their mistakes. Tucker and Edmondson (2003) conducted a study on hospital nursing care processes and found that nurses, key members of the interprofessional health care team, engaged in certain strategies when solving problems that they encountered. First, they did whatever it took to ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.466 | 0.828 | ["management", "career", "education"] | 415 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159297 | [
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his without probing into what caused the problem. Second, nurses tended to ask for help from those socially close to them; this allowed nurses to help preserve their “reputation regarding his or her competence at handling the daily rigors of nursing” (p. 61). These strategies have implications, whether overt or subtle,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.596 | 0.836 | ["management", "education"] | 419 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159384 | [
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rning occurs as a response to errors or problems. Organizational context influences team processes and outcomes ( Lemieux-Charles & McGuire, 2006 ). Organizational culture provides the operating conditions (e.g., norms of interaction; Edmondson, Bohmer, & Pisano, 2001 ) that promote effective teamwork. Discovery 2: The... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.612 | 0.844 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159475 | [
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puts in the IMO framework) and their identification as targets for intervention, particularly for training interventions. The body of work examining teamwork processes in health care, combined with models of team performance and effectiveness developed in psychology and organizational science (e.g., Ilgen et al., 2005 ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.641 | 0.848 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159577 | [
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s that underlie effective teamwork in clinical care settings (e.g., Dow, DiazGranados, Mazmanian, & Retchin, 2013 ; Fernandez, Kozlowski, Shapiro, & Salas, 2008 ; McDonald et al., 2014 ). Models of teamwork competencies in health care have shed light on the KSAs necessary for teaming effectively in (a) interdisciplinar... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.499 | 0.846 | ["management", "communication", "career", "economy", "rhetoric"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159670 | [
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and specialized languages; and (b) in contexts in which teamwork must occur asynchronously across boundaries over prolonged periods of time. Differentiating Technical Versus Nontechnical Skills in Health Care Seminal work in team science differentiated teamwork from taskwork, emphasizing that team members needed compet... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.486 | 0.818 | ["management"] | 424 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159757 | [
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annon-Bowers, Tannenbaum, Salas, & Volpe, 1995 ). Team scientists have long taken this for granted as a core, evidence-based principle of team performance. Evidence derived from studies of lab, military, and aviation teams identified team/collective orientation, mission analysis and planning, mutual performance monitor... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.627 | 0.82 | ["management", "leadership", "philosophy", "strategy", "war_conflict"] | 446 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159846 | [
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tencies ( Salas, Rosen, Burke, & Goodwin, 2009 ). However, work examining the bifurcation of technical competencies (e.g., procedural clinical care, clinical decision making) from nontechnical (e.g., social and cognitive) competencies among clinicians has helped to expand the scientific understanding of the broad range... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.846 | ["management", "philosophy", "decision_making"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.159956 | [
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offering limited practice or experience working together. The Non-Technical Skills in Medical Education Special Interest Group (NOME SIG), an international consortium of clinicians, educators, and researchers, developed a consensus definition that describes nontechnical skills as a set of social (communication and team... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.384 | 0.83 | ["communication", "management", "career", "education"] | 500 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.160082 | [
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sional care within the complex healthcare system. ( Gordon, Baker, Catchpole, Darbyshire, & Schocken, 2015 , p. 572) Early models of nontechnical skills in anesthesia, surgery, and similar care contexts evolved mainly from models of teamwork in other high-risk industries, including aviation, military operations, and en... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.413 | 0.688 | ["communication", "management", "interview", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.160214 | [
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ies (e.g., communication, seeking diverse input and feedback, offering and seeking help) and cognitive competencies (e.g., monitoring, decision making). For example, the NOME SIG identified nontechnical skills that clinicians should receive training in and eight additional skills for team leaders (see Table 2 ; Gordon ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.473 | 0.7 | ["management", "leadership", "communication", "decision_making", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.160317 | [
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ures or during a code team resuscitation, and most were presented in the context of efforts to enhance patient safety. Table 2. Example Teamwork Competency Frameworks for Health Care Professionals Framework Competencies Definition or examples of associated KSAs Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Prac... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.6 | 0.838 | ["career", "management", "ethics", "economy", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.160444 | [
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ain a climate of mutual respect and shared values Roles/responsibilities Use knowledge of own role and other professions to appropriately assess and address the health care needs of patients to promote/advance health of populations Interprofessional communication Communicate with patients, families, communities, and pr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.611 | 0.694 | ["communication", "management", "career", "ethics", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.160533 | [
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and treatment of disease Teams and teamwork Apply relationship-building values & principles of team dynamics to perform effectively in different roles to plan, deliver, and evaluate patient/population centered care, population health programs, and policies (11 subcompetencies) Nontechnical skills in healthcare competen... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.657 | 0.678 | ["management", "philosophy", "communication", "ethics", "networking"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.160663 | [
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hared understanding Team working & interprofessional skills Exchanges relevant information within the team, focuses on the patient and their care when conflict arises, values team input Personal behaviors Displays personal attributes of compassion, integrity and honesty, applies critical self-appraisal, welcomes feedba... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.652 | 0.686 | ["management", "philosophy", "ethics", "career", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.160758 | [
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ls Gathers, analyses information to support risk awareness, changes trajectory facing significant risks, identifies options, re-evaluates based on situational awareness TeamSTEPPS framework ( Agency for HealthCare Research and Quality, n.d. ) Team structure Identifies multiteam system components that must work together... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.482 | 0.836 | ["management", "leadership", "war_conflict", "philosophy", "communication"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.160850 | [
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ity to maximize the activities of team members by ensuring that team actions are understood, changes in information are shared, and team members have the necessary resources Situation monitoring Process of actively scanning and assessing situational elements to gain information or understanding or to maintain awareness... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.601 | 0.698 | ["management", "philosophy", "war_conflict", "education"] | 510 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.160941 | [
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onsibilities and workload Open in a new tab Note. KSA = Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes. Teamwork Competencies in Nonepisodic Care Contexts Other frameworks defined nontechnical competencies in care contexts that called for managing interdependent work over longer periods of time in looser team structures. For example, cl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.445 | 0.852 | ["management", "education"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161047 | [
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involves a core team of clinicians delivering the majority of bedside care (i.e., nurses, technicians, attending physician) and a medium to large number of consuiting clinicians who join the care team during brief episodes centered around specific tasks (e.g., rounds) or for specific purposes (e.g., consults, rehabilit... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.617 | 0.692 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161157 | [
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red and those identified in models developed for surgery, anesthesia, and aviation, but they also pointed to several key differences ( Reader & Cuthbertson, 2011 ). For example, in these contexts, expertise is often highly distributed, formal leadership (e.g., attending physicians), and team membership changes often, l... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.415 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "communication", "management"] | 481 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161244 | [
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s often informal, unstandardized, and fragmented. In the health services and medical education literatures, the related concept of interprofessional collaboration emerged from the organizational sociology literature and also helped to identify key teamwork competencies ( D’Amour, Ferrada-Videla, San Martin Rodriguez, &... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "management", "communication", "career", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161332 | [
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d leadership, and conflict resolution as components of effective teamwork in dynamic environments ( Salas et al., 2009 ). Teamwork Competency Frameworks in Health Care Education Policy and Practice Although earlier calls exist, a report by the Institute of Medicine Committee on the Health Professions Education Summit (... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.48 | 0.83 | ["management", "career", "education", "leadership", "war_conflict"] | 460 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161420 | [
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professional education in the health professions. The report identified the capacity to “work in interdisciplinary teams … to cooperate, collaborate, communicate, and integrate care in teams to ensure that care is continuous and reliable” (p. 45) as a core competency that all clinicians should possess regardless of dis... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.848 | ["management", "career", "communication", "economy", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161512 | [
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s is reflected in both the interprofessional education (IPE) movement and the TeamSTEPPS program, an evidence-based toolkit jointly developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Department of Defense. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC), a consortium of health profession educational a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.575 | 0.828 | ["career", "education", "economy", "management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161628 | [
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interprofessional collaborative practice (see Table 1 ; IPEC, 2016 ). The IPEC competencies have been adopted in both curriculum and accreditation standards in the United States and internationally. Although the IPEC framework focuses on undergraduate and graduate education, the TeamSTEPPS framework defines core teamwo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.417 | 0.844 | ["management", "career", "economy", "education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161735 | [
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d by Salas and colleagues (2005) to identify four core teamwork skill domains, including communication, leadership, situation monitoring, and mutual support. The framework emphasizes the interplay among these core skills and that doing more of one will not fully compensate for limited capacity in another. Teaming Over ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.558 | 0.854 | ["management", "leadership", "communication"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161850 | [
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st one chronic condition, with over one third having two or more chronic conditions. Patients with chronic conditions like cancer, mood or anxiety disorders, high blood pressure, asthma, and diabetes see multiple providers and account for nearly 71% of domestic health care spending in the United States ( Gerteis et al.... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.369 | 0.854 | ["war_conflict"] | 480 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.161950 | [
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riptions, on average, per year ( Warshaw, 2006 ). Coordinating care for these patients requires teamwork across multiple disciplines (e.g., internal/family medicine, specialists, home health providers, social services) and organizations in order to provide whole person care. As specialization increases, patient care an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.448 | 0.832 | ["family", "management", "war_conflict"] | 443 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162043 | [
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, Perry, & Palesis, 2014 ; Weaver et al., 2014 ). Figure 1 , Panel B, illustrates some of the complex ways in which MTSs can be configured. However, limited research to date examines the competencies that matter most for teams and individuals working in such MTSs. For example, individual-level skills in sharing leaders... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.423 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "management", "negotiation"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162144 | [
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Heyrman, Vanhaecht, Sermeus, & De Lepeleire, 2013 ). The teams and organizational behavior literatures offer some nascent insight into what these competency areas may be ( Shuffler, Jimenez-Rodriguez, & Kramer, 2015 ), but this is an area in which studies of health care teams and delivery systems offer an opportunity t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.633 | 0.86 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162250 | [
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of virtual teams and with health information technology (HIT) as an agent-based team member are critical for preparing clinicians for working in increasingly networked delivery systems ( President’s Cancer Panel, 2016 ). Lastly, the need for research examining team competency assessment strategies and the impact on pat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.495 | 0.698 | ["management", "networking", "philosophy"] | 487 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162340 | [
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s in practice, continues ( Salas & Rosen, 2013 ). Discovery 3: Teamwork Processes in Health Care Include Rapid Learning, Listening Intently, Adapting, and Speaking Up Among Clearly Defined Team Members and Loose Collaborators Discovery 3 pertains to current knowledge about effective teamwork process behaviors in health... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.657 | 0.846 | ["management", "education", "communication", "economy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162434 | [
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chological theories to new contexts, specific problems, and emerging scientific gaps. Models of team performance in various health care contexts have successfully adapted and extended established models of team performance (e.g., Dow et al., 2013 ; Fernandez et al., 2008 ). Observational and interventional studies rein... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.658 | 0.846 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162520 | [
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r for teams delivering clinical care ( Dietz et al., 2014 ; Manser, 2009 ). However, this body of work also highlights that health care teams, like other teams operating in high-risk, dynamic environments with rapid and dynamic performance cycles, engage in (a) adaptive coordination ( Bogdanovic, Perry, Guggenheim, & M... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.596 | 0.856 | ["management", "philosophy", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162599 | [
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stening, translation of information coming from disciplines with highly specialized languages, and explicit reasoning ( Tschan et al., 2009 ); and (d) speaking up deliberately in contexts in which psychological safety may be low and hierarchical norms strong ( Nembhard & Edmondson, 2006 ). As was the case in the genera... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.627 | 0.866 | ["management", "philosophy", "communication"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162677 | [
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care ( Nestel, Walker, Simon, Aggarwal, & Andreatta, 2011 ). However, the general categories of team process behaviors from the science of teams (i.e., action, transition, and interpersonal; Marks, Mathieu, & Zaccaro, 2001 ) accurately characterizes much of the work in health care. Discovery 4: Team Performance Can Be ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.483 | 0.836 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 447 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162766 | [
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t of teamwork, or mediators in the IMO framework. As teamwork competencies become the focus for accreditation by educational, professional, and regulatory organizations, valid measurement is needed to evaluate and assess performance, determine the impact of team improvement initiatives, and provide structure with regar... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.611 | 0.826 | ["management", "philosophy", "career", "education"] | 479 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162840 | [
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or external interventions to enhance performance. The array of performance settings, compositional structures, and competency requirements has prompted a proliferation of team measurement tools; 73 unique tools have been identified in internal medicine alone ( Havyer et al., 2014 ). In health care, like most domains, t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.474 | 0.842 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 505 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162908 | [
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themselves, the team, and/or their organization. They are used to measure attitudinal competencies (e.g., trust) but can measure perceptions of the quality of team member interactions ( Keebler et al., 2014 ). Safety culture surveys are the most widely used approach to measuring team dynamics in health care ( Havyer et... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.477 | 0.86 | ["management", "leadership"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.162988 | [
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ure of safety and quality using valid and reliable tools” ( Joint Commission, 2012 , p. 1). Safety culture surveys with strong psychometric evidence include the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture ( Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2016 ) and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire ( Sexton et al., 2006 ). ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.576 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "communication", "economy", "family", "rhetoric"] | 504 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163056 | [
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nation and collaboration within and across units. With respect to safety, culture scores are inversely related to adverse events, with areas related to handoffs and transitions of care, teamwork within units, and teamwork across units having the strongest relationship ( Mardon, Khanna, Sorra, Dyer, & Famolaro, 2010 ). ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.423 | 0.846 | ["management", "communication", "networking", "economy", "philosophy"] | 500 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163151 | [
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approaches measure team performance in real time. The use of external raters adds objectivity to measurement. The majority of observational tools in health care have been developed and applied to specific clinical work areas, with surgery and resuscitation being the most common ( Dietz et al., 2014 ). Further, these to... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.637 | 0.864 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 492 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163285 | [
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nalysis ( Mishra, Catchpole, & McCulloch, 2009 ). Most observational tools in health care rely on low-resolution time scales, in which behaviors are assessed at the conclusion of an observation period ( Dietz et al., 2014 ). Such scales, which fail to capture the moment-to-moment fluctuations in performance, are useful... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.608 | 0.856 | ["philosophy", "management"] | 486 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163379 | [
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formance for a given task ( Rosen et al., 2012 ). A key drawback surrounding observation is the substantial amount of time required to train raters to reliably use a measurement tool, resulting in significant costs even before considering the protected time needed for staff to conduct ratings. Further, health care task... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.564 | 0.84 | ["philosophy"] | 468 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163491 | [
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ating the logistics of observational measurement. Discovery 5: Health Care Team Training Competencies Can Be Systematically Improved Discovery 5 pertains to interventions designed to improve teamwork competencies (inputs) or mediators in the IMO framework. Teamwork matters to numerous outcomes and the competencies unde... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.481 | 0.83 | ["management"] | 500 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163568 | [
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es to systematically build teamwork competencies. Team Training Defined as a learning strategy comprising a set of tools and methods that learners use to systematically acquire teamwork KSAs ( Hughes et al., 2016 ; Salas, DiazGranados, et al., 2008 ), team training is a widely implemented and well-evidenced interventio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.624 | 0.844 | ["management", "strategy", "education"] | 467 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163639 | [
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, & van Wijk, 2010 ; Weaver, Dy, & Rosen, 2014 ). It has been used both as an individual- and team-level intervention to improve outcomes at multiple levels of analysis including individual (e.g., attitudes), team (e.g., efficiency), and organizational (e.g., safety culture) levels. Recent estimates suggest that as man... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.714 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163715 | [
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ave completed the TeamSTEPPS program ( Global Diffusion of Healthcare Innovation Working Group, 2015 ). A recent meta-analysis of 129 studies synthesized the evidence supporting health care team training ( Hughes et al., 2016 ) using a multilevel training evaluation framework assessing programs across four criteria: re... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.428 | 0.846 | ["management", "decision_making", "innovation", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163792 | [
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rogram ( Alliger, Tannenbaum, Bennett, Traver, & Shotland, 1997 ). Reactions can impact learning and retention of training content as participants who both enjoy (affect) and perceive training to be jobrelevant (utility) are more likely to retain what they have learned and use it at work ( Brown, 2005 ). Learning refer... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.374 | 0.854 | ["career", "education"] | 489 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163866 | [
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or improved KSAs are utilized in the job context. Results refer to the beneficial changes observed within the organization because of training. In health care, results include any number of outcomes including patient safety and quality indicators (e.g., reduced length of stay), patient satisfaction, or cost savings. Hu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.454 | 0.7 | ["networking", "career", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.163935 | [
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quential in nature such that positive training reactions are associated with greater learning, which translates into improved teamwork on the job and subsequently benefits the health care facility and its patients. These findings demonstrate the cascading impact of team training. However, based on the general transfer ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.46 | 0.852 | ["management", "career", "salary", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164006 | [
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that embed effective teamwork within the organization (e.g., include structured tools, work process changes, and other interventions to support sustained improvements). On-the-Job Tools and Strategies Health care team improvement tools can be categorized as checklists, goal sheets, and case analyses. Their purpose is t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.637 | 0.822 | ["management", "communication", "career"] | 440 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164089 | [
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ssion explicit ( Buljac-Samardzic et al., 2010 ). For example, standardized handoff protocols are a type of structured team interaction (i.e., checklist) used to overcome information loss occurring between care transitions. These protocols encourage greater information exchange and improve patient, provider, and organi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.481 | 0.692 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164180 | [
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it-specialized alternatives to other more involved and time-consuming team interventions, such as training. It is often assumed that they will be understood and swiftly adopted. Thus, team tools are implemented with little instruction on their use in daily practice ( Buljac-Samardzic et al., 2010 ). Further, staff may ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.538 | 0.834 | ["management", "agents"] | 434 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164263 | [
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r value and how workflow will change as a result. Team improvement tools and strategies must be integrated into the unit or organizational culture and workflow. Moderating Conditions It is necessary to understand the conditions that influence team intervention effectiveness. Leadership is a critical element in creating... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.446 | 0.84 | ["management", "leadership", "agents"] | 498 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164330 | [
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iefings and debriefings illustrates this clearly. Briefings allow for teams to ensure that all members understand goals, understand everyone’s roles and responsibilities, and have a chance to voice concerns. Debriefing affords a valuable learning opportunity for teams to discuss their performance with the expectation t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.606 | 0.844 | ["management", "leadership", "philosophy", "education"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164398 | [
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rship involvement and visible support are more likely to sustain the practice over time ( Paull et al., 2009 ). Structured briefings and debriefings are an effective team strategy, but they, like all other interventions, require strong leadership to realize their benefits. Once implemented, wide variation in the mindfu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.415 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "communication", "strategy", "management", "salary"] | 425 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164466 | [
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tion tools is possible ( Johnston et al., 2014 ). Across organizations, the amount of improvement in patient outcomes realized by the introduction of structured communication tools is significantly moderated by the preexisting culture of the organization such that organization high in safety culture see large benefits ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.58 | 0.862 | ["communication", "salary"] | 511 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164532 | [
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e prioritized relative to other goals) is heavily influenced by leadership ( Ruchlin, Dubbs, & Callahan, 2004 ) and is critical to avoid the perception of structured communication tools as administrative tasks of little value ( Catchpole & Russ, 2015 ). Well-planned, well-supported, and well-received team interventions... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.446 | 0.826 | ["leadership", "communication", "strategy", "management"] | 438 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164645 | [
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aining the new tool, strategy, or work structure. To achieve long-term solutions, organizational policies, reward structures, and culture must align to support the expected values and behaviors. New staff must understand norms surrounding team tools and strategies. This includes periodic refresher training for all staf... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.48 | 0.85 | ["management", "strategy", "ethics", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164723 | [
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licy has shown to improve sustainment ( Armour Forse, Bramble, & McQuillan, 2011 ). Team training can improve performance, but it is sustained over time through efforts to ensure continued KSA proficiency and tying expectations to organizational policy. Discovery 6: Teamwork Quality Impacts Patient, Staff, and Organiza... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.628 | 0.832 | ["management", "networking", "philosophy"] | 453 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164824 | [
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work mediators and outcomes in the IMO framework. Meta-analytic synthesis of decades of psychological research has established the important empirical relationships between team proces | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6361117/ | Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.599 | 0.748 | ["management", "networking"] | 184 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.164903 | [
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Acad Manag Ann . Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 28. Published in final edited form as: Acad Manag Ann. 2018 Jul 9;12(2):688–724. doi: 10.5465/annals.2016.0045 DEVELOPING, SUSTAINING, AND MAXIMIZING TEAM EFFECTIVENESS: AN INTEGRATIVE, DYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE OF TEAM DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS MARISSA L SHUFFLE... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6438631/ | DEVELOPING, SUSTAINING, AND MAXIMIZING TEAM ... - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.627 | 0.692 | ["management", "education", "economy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.389990 | [
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onwealth University Find articles by DEBORAH DIAZGRANADOS 2 , M TRAVIS MAYNARD M TRAVIS MAYNARD 3 Colorado State University Find articles by M TRAVIS MAYNARD 3 , EDUARDO SALAS EDUARDO SALAS 4 Rice University Find articles by EDUARDO SALAS 4 Author information Article notes Copyright and License information 1 Clemson Un... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6438631/ | DEVELOPING, SUSTAINING, AND MAXIMIZING TEAM ... - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.473 | 0.838 | ["education", "economy", "philosophy"] | 454 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.390412 | [
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sity 1 Corresponding author. Issue date 2018 Jun. PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC6438631 NIHMSID: NIHMS1013798 PMID: 30931078 The publisher's version of this article is available at Acad Manag Ann Abstract Organizations regularly make significant investments to ensure their teams will thrive, through interventions inte... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6438631/ | DEVELOPING, SUSTAINING, AND MAXIMIZING TEAM ... - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.641 | 0.84 | ["management"] | 512 | Team Health Diagnosing Dysfunction | topic | 2026-04-14T23:38:29.390610 | [
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