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and the bills can be collated in a single claim. Industrial risks commonly have the deductible expressed as a percentage of the loss, often though not always with a minimum and maximum amount. That is similar to co-insurance in which the company pays a certain percentage of the losses, coupled with minimum and maximum ... |
Damage waiver (DW) or, as it is often referred to, collision damage waiver ( CDW ) or loss damage waiver ( LDW ) is a term that can be included or purchased as an option in a car rental agreement, by which the rental company waives the right to pursue compensation from the renter if the vehicle is damaged or stolen. ] ... |
cover theft, vandalism, loss of use, and liability. The renter often has a choice among different coverages for different fees. Damage waivers are not necessarily complete. They may have deductibles (also called excess) and limits on the amount covered. ] Liability coverage always has limits. The descriptions above com... |
has no coverage. Some MasterCard "Standard" cards lack coverage, while "Premier", "Gold" and "Platinum" cards vary in their coverage. Citi® / AAdvantage®, Citi ThankYou®, Citi® Dividend or Citi CashReturns® MasterCard-branded cards are notable for providing coverage worldwide without geographic exclusions, ] while most... |
The Hong Kong dollar ( Chinese : 港元 , sign : HK$ ; code : HKD ) is the official currency of Hong Kong . It is subdivided into 100 cents . Historically, it was also subdivided into 1000 mils . The Hong Kong Monetary Authority is the monetary authority of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong dollar. Three commercial banks are lic... |
of the same value and similar likeness to their Spanish/Mexican counterparts. ] The Chinese did not however receive these new Hong Kong dollars well, and in 1868, the Hong Kong Mint was closed down with a loss of $440,000. The machinery at the Hong Kong mint was sold first to Jardine Matheson and, in turn, to the Japan... |
China and the same monetary standard was thus preferred. The report also recommended the Hong Kong Government only to take over the burden of note issuance when the banks failed to do so. Actually, the Hong Kong Government was not willing to take up the logistics of note issuance, and some officials even thought that t... |
Corporation (HSBC), the de facto "central bank" in Hong Kong, which accounted for 10% of annual foreign currency needed by PRC in the period. ] In the 1960s, the UK found it difficult to keep the value of sterling as it was, with its role as official reserve currency even within the sterling area . In 1964, sterling wa... |
and there were runs on foodstuff on this Black Saturday (1983) . ] Amidst the monetary crisis, John Greenwood, an economist who was later dubbed the "architect of the Linked Exchange Rate System " in Hong Kong, ] advocated the proposal to peg the Hong Kong dollar to the U.S. dollar with a return to the former currency ... |
) under the supervision of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority , which was a semi-independent public body established in the early 1990s to regulate banks and manage exchange funds and serves until now as the territory's de facto " central bank ". ] Banknotes are printed by Hong Kong Note Printing Limited . A bank can iss... |
( Cantonese Yale : chāt go baat ; lit. 'seven units eight'); in financial terms, where integer values in cents exist, e.g., HK$6.75, the phrase is 六個七毫半 ( Cantonese Yale : luhk go chāt hòu bun ; lit. 'six units and seven dime half'; fives in cents is normally expressed as “half”, unless followed by another five, such a... |
process of the new coins could not be entrusted to an artist but was undertaken by Joseph Yam , Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority , himself who found in the Bauhinia the requested "politically neutral design" and did a secret "scissors and paste job". ] In early 1997, to commemorate Hong Kong's transf... |
Bank of India, London and China , the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China and the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, were all declared legal tender. The government took over production of 1 dollar notes. In 1941, the government introduced notes for 1 cent , 5 cents and 10 cents due to the difficulty o... |
equivalent value of United States dollars with the HKMA. In practice, in the unique linked exchange rate system, the exchange rate of HK$7.80 = US$1, is strictly controlled by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority in the foreign exchange market by controlling supply and demand of Hong Kong dollars in order to influence the ... |
In response to the market speculation, Hong Kong Monetary Authority said on 27 January that the regulator will protect Hong Kong dollar's linked exchange rate regime. As Hong Kong's financial markets are highly impacted by mainland China, the Renminbi exchange rate as well as China's equity market remain in a state of ... |
This is an accepted version of this page The United States dollar ( symbol : $ ; currency code : USD ; also abbreviated US$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies ; referred to as the dollar , U.S. dollar , American dollar , or colloquially buck ) is the official currency of the United States and se... |
States dollar . Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution provides that "a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time", ] which is further specified by Section 331 of Title 31 of the U.S. Code. ] The sums of money reported in the "Statements" a... |
, disregarding these special cases: In the 16th century, Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia began minting coins known as joachimstalers , named for Joachimstal , the valley in which the silver was mined. In turn, the valley's name is titled after Saint Joachim , whereby thal or tal , a cognate of the English word dale... |
the U.S. dollar (as well as for many other currencies). The sign was perhaps the result of a late 18th-century evolution of the scribal abbreviation p s for the peso , the common name for the Spanish dollars that were in wide circulation in the New World from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The p and the s eventually c... |
proceed in a decimal ratio , with the sub-units being mills at 0.001 of a dollar, cents at 0.010 of a dollar, and dimes at 0.100 of a dollar. ] After the adoption of the United States Constitution , the U.S. dollar was defined by the Coinage Act of 1792 . It specified a "dollar" based on the Spanish milled dollar to co... |
After the American Revolution , the Thirteen Colonies became independent . Freed from British monetary regulations, they each issued £sd paper money to pay for military expenses. The Continental Congress also began issuing "Continental Currency" denominated in Spanish dollars. For its value relative to states' currenci... |
and the Panic of 1857 , as well as to help finance the Mexican–American War and the Civil War . Paper money was issued again in 1862 without the backing of precious metals due to the Civil War . In addition to Treasury Notes, Congress in 1861 authorized the Treasury to borrow $50 million in the form of Demand Notes , w... |
since been issued exclusively as Federal Reserve Notes . The U.S. dollar first emerged as an important international reserve currency in the 1920s, displacing the British pound sterling as it emerged from the First World War relatively unscathed and since the United States was a significant recipient of wartime gold in... |
circulation from 1794 to present, despite several attempts to increase their usage since the 1970s, the most important reason of which is the continued production and popularity of the one-dollar bill . ] Half dollar coins were commonly used currency since inception in 1794, but has fallen out of use from the mid-1960s... |
prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500 , $1,000 , $5,000 , $10,000 (discontinued, but still legal tender); $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bil... |
in Europe (dark grey) The European Union ( EU ) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. ] ] The Union has a total area of 4,233,255 km 2 (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449 million. The EU has often been described as a sui gen... |
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize . ] The United Kingdom became the only member state to leave the EU , in 2020; ] ten countries are aspiring or negotiating to join it . Internationalism and visions of European unity had existed since well before the 19th century, but gained particularly as a reaction to World War I and it... |
of the rigged 1947 Polish legislative election , which constituted an open breach of the Yalta Agreement . March of that year saw two important developments. First was the signing of the Treaty of Dunkirk between France and the United Kingdom . The treaty assured mutual assistance in the event of future military aggres... |
and Parliament . ] Founding fathers of the European Union understood that coal and steel were the two industries essential for waging war, and believed that by tying their national industries together, a future war between their nations became much less likely. ] In parallel with Schuman, the Pleven Plan of 1951 tried ... |
for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). In 1979, the first direct elections to the European Parliament were held. ] Greece joined in 1981. In 1985, Greenland left the Communities , following a dispute over fishing rights. During the same year, the Schengen Agreement paved the way for the creation of open border... |
, and the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU . ] A referendum in the UK on its membership of the European Union was held in 2016, with 51.9 per cent of participants voting to leave. ] The UK formally notified the European Council of its decision to leave on 29 March 2017, initiating the formal withdrawal procedure... |
Union (EU)—the principal framework for this unification. The EU inherited many of its present responsibilities from the European Communities (EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of the Schuman Declaration . The European Union operates through a hybrid system of supranational and intergovernmental decisio... |
and other crimes against the EU's financial interests including fraud concerning EU funds of over €10,000 and cross-border VAT fraud cases involving damages above €10 million. Member states retain in principle all powers except those that they have agreed collectively to delegate to the Union as a whole, though the exa... |
president of the European Commission and one representative per member state (either its head of state or head of government ). The high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy (presently Josep Borrell ) also takes part in its meetings. Described by some as the union's "supreme political lea... |
– in Europe (light green & dark grey) – in the European Union (light green) Germany , ] officially the Federal Republic of Germany , ] is a country in Central Europe . It lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 82 milli... |
and importer . As a developed country , it offers social security , a universal health care system , and tuition-free university education . Germany is a member of the United Nations , Council of Europe , NATO and OECD , and a founding member of the European Union, G7 and G20 . It has the third-greatest number of UNESC... |
] ] Around 260, Germanic peoples broke into Roman-controlled lands. ] After the invasion of the Huns in 375, and with the decline of Rome from 395, Germanic tribes moved farther southwest: the Franks established the Frankish Kingdom and pushed east to subjugate Saxony and Bavaria , and areas of what is today eastern Ge... |
Austrian Habsburg monarchy and the Kingdom of Prussia dominated German history. In 1772, 1793, and 1795, Prussia and Austria, along with the Russian Empire , agreed to the Partitions of Poland . ] ] During the period of the French Revolutionary Wars , the Napoleonic era and the subsequent final meeting of the Imperial ... |
Kamerun . ] Later, Germany further expanded its colonial empire to include holdings in the Pacific and China. ] The colonial government in South West Africa (present-day Namibia ), from 1904 to 1907, carried out the annihilation of the local Herero and Namaqua peoples as punishment for an uprising; ] ] this was the 20t... |
Saarland in 1935, ] remilitarised the Rhineland in 1936, annexed Austria in 1938, annexed the Sudetenland in 1938 with the Munich Agreement , and in violation of the agreement occupied Czechoslovakia in March 1939. ] Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) saw the burning of synagogues, the destruction of Jewish business... |
, and the United States , were merged on 23 May 1949 to form the Federal Republic of Germany ( .mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .t... |
actually led to an acceleration of the Wende reform process culminating in the Two Plus Four Treaty under which Germany regained full sovereignty. This permitted German reunification on 3 October 1990, with the accession of the five re-established states of the former GDR. ] The fall of the Wall in 1989 became a symbol... |
sea level ] ) are traversed by such major rivers as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe. Significant natural resources include iron ore, coal, potash , timber, lignite , uranium , copper, natural gas, salt, and nickel. ] Most of Germany has a temperate climate, ranging from oceanic in the north and west to continental in the ea... |
– in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – Legend ] Hungary ] is a landlocked country in Central Europe . ] Spanning 93,030 square kilometres (35,920 sq mi) of the Carpathian Basin , it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to th... |
a high-income economy with universal health care and tuition-free secondary education . ] ] Hungary has a long history of significant contributions to arts , music , literature , sports , science and technology . ] ] ] ] It is a popular tourist destination in Europe, drawing 24.5 million international tourists in 2019.... |
today's east Hungary. It remained under Roman rule until 271. ] From 235, the Roman Empire went through troubled times, caused by revolts, rivalry and rapid succession of emperors. The Western Roman Empire collapsed in the 5th century under the stress of the migration of Germanic tribes and Carpian pressure. ] This per... |
of the Árpád dynasty officially started to integrate Hungary into Christian Western Europe. ] His son Saint Stephen I became the first King of Hungary after defeating his pagan uncle Koppány . Under Stephen, Hungary was recognised as a Catholic Apostolic Kingdom . ] Applying to Pope Sylvester II , Stephen received the ... |
] near Pest by the royal army of King Ladislaus IV . As with later invasions, it was repelled handily, the Mongols losing much of their invading force. The Kingdom of Hungary reached one of its greatest extents during the Árpádian kings, yet royal power was weakened at the end of their rule in 1301. After a destructive... |
on Hungarian aristocracy. ] Hungary's international role declined, its political stability was shaken, and social progress was deadlocked. ] In 1514, the weakened old King Vladislaus II faced a major peasant rebellion led by György Dózsa , which was ruthlessly crushed by the nobles , led by John Zápolya . The resulting... |
at Trencsén (1708). Three years later, because of the growing desertion, defeatism, and low morale, the Kuruc forces surrendered. ] During the Napoleonic Wars and afterward, the Hungarian Diet had not convened for decades. ] In the 1820s, the emperor was forced to convene the Diet, which marked the beginning of a Refor... |
third most populous (after Russia and the German Empire ). The two realms were governed separately by two parliaments from two capital cities, with a common monarch and common external and military policies. Economically, the empire was a customs union. The old Hungarian Constitution was restored, and Franz Joseph I wa... |
to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson 's demand for pacifism by ordering the disarmament of the Hungarian army. ] ] Disarmament meant that Hungary was to remain without a national defence at a time of particular vulnerability. During the rule of Károlyi's pacifist cabinet, Hungary lost control over approximately 75% of its ... |
staunchly pro-Germany foreign policy in the First and Second Vienna Awards , peacefully restoring ethnic-Hungarian-majority areas lost after Trianon. In 1939, Hungary regained further territory from Czechoslovakia through force . Hungary formally joined the Axis powers on 20 November 1940 and in 1941 participated in th... |
The forint ( sign Ft ; code HUF ) is the currency of Hungary . It was formerly divided into 100 fillér , but fillér coins are no longer in circulation. The introduction of the forint on 1 August 1946 was a crucial step in the post- World War II stabilisation of the Hungarian economy , and the currency remained relative... |
more significance was the exchange rate to the adópengő of 1 forint = 200 million adópengő. citation needed ] Historically, the forint was subdivided into 100 fillér , although fillér coins have been rendered useless by inflation and have not been in circulation since 1999. (Since 2000, one forint has typically been wo... |
10, 20 and 100 forints) were introduced in 1947 and 1948. 50 forint notes were added in 1953, 500 forint notes were introduced in 1970, followed by 1,000 forints in 1983, and 5,000 forints in 1991. A completely redesigned new series of banknotes in denominations of 200, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 forin... |
The pound ( Irish : punt ) was the currency of Ireland until 2002. Its ISO 4217 code was IEP , and the symbol was £ (or £Ir for distinction. ] ) The Irish pound was replaced by the euro on 1 January 1999. ] Euro currency did not begin circulation until the beginning of 2002. The earliest Irish coinage was introduced in... |
6d had the same dimensions as their British counterparts, the Irish coins being thicker nickel coins in contrast to the thin silver ones issued in the UK. However, sterling specie generally continued to be accepted on a one-for-one basis everywhere, whereas Irish coin was not generally accepted in the United Kingdom, e... |
followed suit, but the new Irish 10p was smaller than the new UK version introduced in 1992 and the new Irish 5p was slightly larger than the UK version introduced in 1990. The Irish 50p was never reduced in size (as it was in the UK in 1997). Despite not being legal tender, British sterling coins of the same shape and... |
Motor Tax ( Irish : Cáin Mhótair ) is an annual duty payable on motor vehicles (subject to exemptions) in Ireland for use in public places. A new system for new private cars was introduced on July 1, 2008, where the tax rates are based on the carbon dioxide emissions of the car while in operation. Prior to this, tax ra... |
– in Europe (light green & dark grey) – in the European Union (light green) The Netherlands , ] informally Holland , is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean . It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . ] The Netherlands consists... |
busiest in Europe . ] Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the fourth busiest in Europe . Being a developed country , the Netherlands is a founding member of the European Union , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD , and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. It host... |
than Holland find it undesirable or misrepresentative to use the term Holland for the whole country, ] as the Holland region only comprises two of the twelve provinces, and 38% of Dutch citizens. As of 2019, the Dutch government officially has preferred the Netherlands instead of Holland when talking about the country ... |
objects suggest that Drenthe was a trading centre in the Bronze Age (2000–800 BC). The Bell Beaker culture developed locally into the Barbed-Wire Beaker culture (2100–1800 BC) and later the Elp culture (1800–800 BC), ] a Middle Bronze Age culture marked by earthenware pottery. The southern region became dominated by th... |
while the Germanic border tribes of the Batavi and Cananefates served in the Roman cavalry . ] The Batavi rose against the Romans in the Batavian rebellion of 69 AD but were eventually defeated. The Batavi later merged with other tribes into the confederation of the Salian Franks, whose identity emerged in the first ha... |
, and West Francia . Most of present-day Netherlands became part of Middle Francia, which was a weak kingdom and subject to numerous partitions and annexation attempts by its stronger neighbours. It comprised territories from Frisia in the north to the Kingdom of Italy in the south. Around 850, Lothair I of Middle Fran... |
the Low Countries from 1384 to 1581. The new rulers defended Dutch trading interests. The fleets of the County of Holland defeated the fleets of the Hanseatic League several times. Amsterdam grew and in the 15th century became the primary trading port in Europe for grain from the Baltic region . Amsterdam distributed g... |
the Protestant Elizabeth I of England, but she initially stood by her commitments to the Spanish in the Treaty of Bristol of 1574. When the next large-scale battle occurred at Gembloux in 1578, the Spanish forces won easily. ] In light of the defeat at Gembloux , the southern states of the Seventeen Provinces distanced... |
and the Dutch West India Company established colonies and trading posts all over the world. The Dutch settlement in North America began with the founding of New Amsterdam in 1614. In South Africa, the Dutch settled the Cape Colony in 1652. Dutch colonies in South America were established along the many rivers in the fe... |
these developments, and gradually assumed the status of a mid-tier power. However, historians have sometimes overstated the extent of this decline, especially when considering the period up to the 1750s. ] In the 18th century the Dutch Republic had seen a state of a general decline, with economic competition from Engla... |
Dienst Wegverkeer , commonly known as RDW , ] is the organization that handles the type-approval and registration of motorized vehicles and driving licences in the Netherlands . ] ] This is not limited to passenger cars, but also includes trucks, tractors, bicycles, scooters, drones and more. The RDW is an independent ... |
in ASEAN (dark grey) – Legend ] Indonesia , ] officially the Republic of Indonesia , ] is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania , between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands , including Sumatra , Java , Sulawesi , and parts of Borneo and New Guinea . Indonesia is the world's largest arch... |
including the United Nations, World Trade Organization , G20 , and a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement , Association of Southeast Asian Nations , East Asia Summit , D-8 , APEC , and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation . The name Indonesia derives from the Greek words Indos ( Ἰνδός ) and nesos ( νῆσος ), m... |
founded in eastern Java in the late 13th century, and under Gajah Mada , its influence stretched over much of present-day Indonesia. This period is often referred to as the "Golden Age" in Indonesian history. ] The earliest evidence of Islamized populations in the archipelago dates to the 13th century in northern Sumat... |
General Suharto , countered by instigating a violent anti-communist purge that killed between 500,000 and one million people and incarcerated roughly a million more in concentration camps . ] ] ] ] The PKI was blamed for the coup and effectively destroyed. ] ] ] Suharto capitalised on Sukarno's weakened position, and f... |
and Mahakam . They serve as communication and transport links between the island's river settlements. ] Indonesia lies along the equator, and its climate tends to be relatively even year-round. ] Indonesia has two seasons—a dry season and a wet season —with no extremes of summer or winter. ] For most parts of Indonesia... |
Plate and the Pacific Plate are pushed under the Eurasian Plate , where they melt at about 100 kilometres (62 miles) deep. A string of volcanoes runs through Sumatra, Java , Bali and Nusa Tenggara , and then to the Banda Islands of Maluku to northeastern Sulawesi . ] Of the 400 volcanoes, around 130 are active. ] Betwe... |
of sea and coastal ecosystems, including beaches , dunes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, coastal mudflats, tidal flats, algal beds, and small island ecosystems. ] Indonesia is one of the Coral Triangle countries with the world's most enormous diversity of coral reef fish , with more than 1,650 specie... |
structures have undergone sweeping reforms, with four constitutional amendments revamping the executive, legislative and judicial branches. ] Chief among them is the delegation of power and authority to various regional entities while remaining a unitary state . ] The President of Indonesia is the head of state and hea... |
president is elected for a five-year term, as are the party-aligned members of the DPR and the non-partisan DPD. ] ] Beginning with the 2015 local elections , elections for governors and mayors have occurred on the same date. In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that legislative and presidential elections would be h... |
was a significant battleground during the Cold War. Numerous attempts by the United States and the Soviet Union , ] ] and China to some degree, ] culminated in the 1965 coup attempt and subsequent upheaval that led to a reorientation of foreign policy. ] Quiet alignment with the Wes |
Indonesian ( Bahasa Indonesia ; ] ) is the official and national language of Indonesia . ] It is a standardized variety of Malay , ] an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. With over 280 million inhabitants, ] Indonesia ranks as the fourth... |
to other languages, such as bahasa Inggris (English), bahasa Jepang (Japanese), bahasa Arab (Arabic), bahasa Italia (Italian), and so on. Indonesians generally may not recognize the name Bahasa alone when it refers to their national language. ] Standard Indonesian is a standard language of "Riau Malay", ] ] which despi... |
that it was the more common Low Malay that formed the base of the Indonesian language. ] When the Dutch East India Company (VOC) first arrived in the archipelago at the start of the 1600s, the Malay language was a significant trading and political language due to the influence of the Malaccan Sultanate and later the Po... |
regime and allowed Malay to spread quickly throughout the archipelago. Dutch dominance at that time covered nearly all aspects, with official forums requiring the use of Dutch, although since the Second Youth Congress (1928) the use of Indonesian as the national language was agreed on as one of the tools in the indepen... |
of Indonesian Language I 1938, Solo ] ] Several years prior to the congress, Swiss linguist, Renward Brandstetter wrote An Introduction to Indonesian Linguistics in 4 essays from 1910 to 1915. The essays were translated into English in 1916. By "Indonesia", he meant the name of the geographical region , and by "Indones... |
to the present, did not wait for the Komisi Bahasa to provide new words, but actively participated themselves in coining terms. Many of the Komisi Bahasa's terms never found public acceptance and after the Japanese period were replaced by the original Dutch forms, including jantera (Sanskrit for 'wheel'), which tempora... |
of instruction used by Portuguese and Dutch missionaries attempting to convert the indigenous people to Christianity . ] The combination of these factors meant that the language was already known to some degree by most of the population, and it could be more easily adopted as the national language than perhaps any othe... |
that a foreigner is most likely to hear upon arriving in any Indonesian city or town. ] This phenomenon is amplified by the use of Indonesian slang , particularly in the cities. Unlike the relatively uniform standard variety, Vernacular Indonesian exhibits a high degree of geographical variation, though Colloquial Jaka... |
understanding Indonesian sinetron (soap opera) aired on Malaysia TV stations, and vice versa. ] Malagasy , a geographic outlier spoken in Madagascar in the Indian Ocean ; the Philippines national language, Filipino ; Formosan in Taiwan's aboriginal population; and the native Māori language of New Zealand are also membe... |
one of the means to achieve independence, but it is opened to receive vocabulary from other foreign languages aside from Malay that it has made contact with since the colonialism era, such as Dutch, English and Arabic among others, as the loan words keep increasing each year. ] In 2020, Indonesian had 71.9 million nati... |
In Indonesia , state-owned enterprises ( Indonesian : Badan Usaha Milik Negara ( BUMN ) ) play an important role in the national economy . Their roles includes contributor for national economy growth , providing goods or services which are not covered by private company , employment provider, providing support guidance... |
regarded as government agencies . Firms in this category have been either upgraded into other types of SOEs or converted into government agencies. Information on the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is drawn from the Ministry of State Owned Enterprises ] and the Ministry of the State Secretariat 's Legal Documentation an... |
A first information report ( FIR ) is a document prepared by police organisations in many South and Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar , India , Bangladesh and Pakistan , when they receive information about the commission of a cognisable offence , or in Singapore when the police receive information about any ... |
New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa ] ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu )—and over 700 smaller islands . It is the sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tas... |
of Nations , ANZUS , UKUSA , OECD , ASEAN Plus Six , Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation , the Pacific Community and the Pacific Islands Forum . It enjoys particularly close relations with the United States and is one of its major non-NATO allies ; ] the United Kingdom; Samoa , Fiji , and Tonga ; and with Australia , wit... |
Middle (South Island), and South ( Stewart Island / Rakiura ). ] In 1830, mapmakers began to use "North" and "South" on their maps to distinguish the two largest islands, and by 1907, this was the accepted norm. ] The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island ha... |
scenario is also consistent with a much debated questionable third line of oral evidence, ] traditional genealogies ( whakapapa ) which point to around 1350 as a probable arrival date for many of the founding canoes ( waka ) from which many Māori trace their descent. ] ] Some Māori later migrated to the Chatham Islands... |
throughout the country for Māori to sign. ] With the signing of the treaty and declaration of sovereignty, the number of immigrants, particularly from the United Kingdom, began to increase. ] New Zealand was administered as a dependency of the Colony of New South Wales until becoming a separate Crown colony , the Colon... |
fighting in the First and Second World Wars ] and suffering through the Great Depression . ] The depression led to the election of the first Labour Government and the establishment of a comprehensive welfare state and a protectionist economy. ] New Zealand experienced increasing prosperity following the Second World Wa... |
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