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[ "Erich Maria Remarque", "spouse", "Ilse Jutta Zambona" ]
Personal life Remarque's first marriage was to the actress Ilse Jutta Zambona in 1925. The marriage was stormy and unfaithful on both sides. Remarque and Zambona divorced in 1930, but in 1933 they fled together to Switzerland. In 1938, they remarried, to prevent her from being forced to return to Germany, and in 1939 t...
spouse
51
[ "partner" ]
null
null
[ "Erich Maria Remarque", "given name", "Erich" ]
Erich Maria Remarque (, German: [ˈeːʁɪç maˈʁiːa ʁəˈmaʁk] (listen); born Erich Paul Remark; 22 June 1898 – 25 September 1970) was a German-born novelist. His landmark novel All Quiet on the Western Front (1928), based on his experience in the Imperial German Army during World War I, was an international bestseller which...
given name
60
[ "first name", "forename", "given title", "personal name" ]
null
null
[ "Erich Maria Remarque", "family name", "Remarque" ]
Erich Maria Remarque (, German: [ˈeːʁɪç maˈʁiːa ʁəˈmaʁk] (listen); born Erich Paul Remark; 22 June 1898 – 25 September 1970) was a German-born novelist. His landmark novel All Quiet on the Western Front (1928), based on his experience in the Imperial German Army during World War I, was an international bestseller which...
family name
54
[ "surname", "last name", "patronymic", "family surname", "clan name" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "place of birth", "Rosenheim" ]
Early life and education Göring was born on 12 January 1893 at the Marienbad Sanatorium in Rosenheim, Bavaria. His father, Heinrich Ernst Göring (31 October 1839 – 7 December 1913), a former cavalry officer, had been the first governor-general of German South West Africa (modern-day Namibia). Heinrich had three childre...
place of birth
42
[ "birthplace", "place of origin", "native place", "homeland", "birth city" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "member of political party", "Nazi Party" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
member of political party
95
[ "affiliated with political party", "party membership", "political party member", "partisan affiliation", "political affiliation" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "sibling", "Albert Göring" ]
Early life and education Göring was born on 12 January 1893 at the Marienbad Sanatorium in Rosenheim, Bavaria. His father, Heinrich Ernst Göring (31 October 1839 – 7 December 1913), a former cavalry officer, had been the first governor-general of German South West Africa (modern-day Namibia). Heinrich had three childre...
sibling
37
[ "brother or sister", "kin" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "place of detention", "Camp Ashcan" ]
Trial and death Göring was flown to Camp Ashcan, a temporary prisoner-of-war camp housed in the Palace Hotel at Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg. Here he was weaned off dihydrocodeine (a mild morphine derivative)—he had been taking the equivalent of three or four grains (260 to 320 mg) of morphine a day—and was put on a s...
place of detention
64
[ "prison", "jail", "penitentiary", "incarceration facility", "correctional center" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "conflict", "World War II" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "allegiance", "Nazi Germany" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
allegiance
148
[ "loyalty", "fealty", "fidelity", "devotion", "commitment" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "country of citizenship", "Nazi Germany" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
country of citizenship
63
[ "citizenship country", "place of citizenship", "country of origin", "citizenship nation", "country of citizenship status" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "educated at", "Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich" ]
After World War I Göring remained in aviation after the war. He tried barnstorming and briefly worked at Fokker. After spending most of 1919 living in Denmark, he moved to Sweden and joined Svensk Lufttrafik, a Swedish airline. Göring was often hired for private flights. During the winter of 1920–1921, he was hired by ...
educated at
56
[ "studied at", "graduated from", "attended", "enrolled at", "completed education at" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "manner of death", "suicide" ]
There is nothing to be said in mitigation. For Göring was often, indeed almost always, the moving force, second only to his leader. He was the leading war aggressor, both as political and as military leader; he was the director of the slave labour programme and the creator of the oppressive programme against the Jews a...
manner of death
44
[ "cause of death", "mode of death", "method of death", "way of dying", "circumstances of death" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "participant in", "Beer Hall Putsch" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
participant in
50
[ "engaged in", "involved in", "took part in", "played a role in", "contributed to" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "award received", "Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "cause of death", "cyanide poisoning" ]
Göring made an appeal asking to be shot as a soldier instead of hanged as a common criminal, but the court refused. He committed suicide with a potassium cyanide capsule the night before he was to be hanged.Speculation as to how Göring obtained the poison holds that US Army lieutenant Jack G. Wheelis, who was stationed...
cause of death
43
[ "manner of death", "reason for death", "mode of death", "source of death", "factors leading to death" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "given name", "Hermann" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
given name
60
[ "first name", "forename", "given title", "personal name" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "participant in", "Nazi plunder" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
participant in
50
[ "engaged in", "involved in", "took part in", "played a role in", "contributed to" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "child", "Edda Göring" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
child
39
[ "offspring", "progeny", "issue", "descendant", "heir" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "participant in", "war crime" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
participant in
50
[ "engaged in", "involved in", "took part in", "played a role in", "contributed to" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "spouse", "Carin Göring" ]
After World War I Göring remained in aviation after the war. He tried barnstorming and briefly worked at Fokker. After spending most of 1919 living in Denmark, he moved to Sweden and joined Svensk Lufttrafik, a Swedish airline. Göring was often hired for private flights. During the winter of 1920–1921, he was hired by ...
spouse
51
[ "partner" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "member of", "Sturmabteilung" ]
Early Nazi career Göring joined the Nazi Party in 1922 after hearing a speech by Hitler. He was given command of the Sturmabteilung (SA) as the Oberster SA-Führer in 1923. He was later appointed an SA-Gruppenführer (Lieutenant general) and held this rank on the SA rolls until 1945. At this time, Carin—who liked Hitler—...
member of
55
[ "part of", "belonging to", "affiliated with", "associated with", "connected to" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "award received", "Order of the Zähringer Lion" ]
After completing the pilot's training course, Göring was assigned to Jagdstaffel 5. Seriously wounded in the hip in aerial combat, he took nearly a year to recover. He then was transferred to Jagdstaffel 26, commanded by Loerzer, in February 1917. He steadily scored air victories until May, when he was assigned to comm...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "military branch", "Luftwaffe" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
military branch
71
[ "armed forces", "military division", "armed service", "military unit", "military organization" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "award received", "Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "award received", "Pour le Mérite" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "award received", "knight of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern" ]
Decorations and awards German Iron Cross 2nd Class on 15 September 1914 1st Class on 22 March 1915 Pour le Mérite (2 June 1918) Blood Order (Commemorative Medal of 9 November 1923) Clasp to the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 30 September 1939 1st Class on 30 September 1939 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 30 September 1939...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "family name", "Göring" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
family name
54
[ "surname", "last name", "patronymic", "family surname", "clan name" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "mother", "Franziska Tiefenbrunn" ]
Early life and education Göring was born on 12 January 1893 at the Marienbad Sanatorium in Rosenheim, Bavaria. His father, Heinrich Ernst Göring (31 October 1839 – 7 December 1913), a former cavalry officer, had been the first governor-general of German South West Africa (modern-day Namibia). Heinrich had three childre...
mother
52
[ "mom", "mommy", "mum", "mama", "parent" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "award received", "Grand Cross of the Iron Cross" ]
Decorations and awards German Iron Cross 2nd Class on 15 September 1914 1st Class on 22 March 1915 Pour le Mérite (2 June 1918) Blood Order (Commemorative Medal of 9 November 1923) Clasp to the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 30 September 1939 1st Class on 30 September 1939 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 30 September 1939...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "military rank", "Reichsmarschall" ]
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ...
military rank
53
[ "rank in the military", "military designation", "military title", "military grade", "military position" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "position held", "Minister President of Prussia" ]
Nazi potentate When Hitler was named chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933, Göring was appointed as Reichsminister without portfolio and Reichskommissar of Aviation. This was followed on 11 April 1933 by his appointment as Minister-President of Prussia, Prussian interior minister and chief of the Prussian police. I...
position held
59
[ "occupation", "job title", "post", "office", "rank" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "award received", "Golden Party Badge" ]
Decorations and awards German Iron Cross 2nd Class on 15 September 1914 1st Class on 22 March 1915 Pour le Mérite (2 June 1918) Blood Order (Commemorative Medal of 9 November 1923) Clasp to the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 30 September 1939 1st Class on 30 September 1939 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 30 September 1939...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "occupation", "war criminal" ]
Trial and death Göring was flown to Camp Ashcan, a temporary prisoner-of-war camp housed in the Palace Hotel at Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg. Here he was weaned off dihydrocodeine (a mild morphine derivative)—he had been taking the equivalent of three or four grains (260 to 320 mg) of morphine a day—and was put on a s...
occupation
48
[ "job", "profession", "career", "vocation", "employment" ]
null
null
[ "Hermann Göring", "award received", "Iron Cross 2nd Class" ]
After completing the pilot's training course, Göring was assigned to Jagdstaffel 5. Seriously wounded in the hip in aerial combat, he took nearly a year to recover. He then was transferred to Jagdstaffel 26, commanded by Loerzer, in February 1917. He steadily scored air victories until May, when he was assigned to comm...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "instance of", "human" ]
Early life Kulik was born into a peasant family of Ukrainian origin near Poltava. A soldier of the army of the Russian Empire in World War I, he served as a non-commissioned officer in the artillery. In 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party and the Red Army during 1918.Civil war At the beginning of the Russian Civil War, ...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "conflict", "World War I" ]
Early life Kulik was born into a peasant family of Ukrainian origin near Poltava. A soldier of the army of the Russian Empire in World War I, he served as a non-commissioned officer in the artillery. In 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party and the Red Army during 1918.
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "languages spoken, written or signed", "Russian" ]
Grigory Ivanovich Kulik (Ukrainian: Григорій Іванович Кулик; Russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Кули́к, romanized: Grigóriy Ivánovich Kulík; 9 November 1890 – 24 August 1950), a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union, served as chief of the Red Army's Main Artillery Directorate from 1935 until June 1941. K...
languages spoken, written or signed
38
[ "linguistic abilities", "language proficiency", "language command" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "manner of death", "capital punishment" ]
Downfall and death After a respite during and immediately after the war, Stalin and his police chief Lavrentiy Beria began a new round of military purges due to Stalin's jealousy and suspicion of the generals' public standing. Kulik was dismissed from his posts during 1946 after NKVD telephone eavesdroppers overheard h...
manner of death
44
[ "cause of death", "mode of death", "method of death", "way of dying", "circumstances of death" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "allegiance", "Soviet Union" ]
Early life Kulik was born into a peasant family of Ukrainian origin near Poltava. A soldier of the army of the Russian Empire in World War I, he served as a non-commissioned officer in the artillery. In 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party and the Red Army during 1918.Civil war At the beginning of the Russian Civil War, ...
allegiance
148
[ "loyalty", "fealty", "fidelity", "devotion", "commitment" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "country of citizenship", "Russian Empire" ]
Early life Kulik was born into a peasant family of Ukrainian origin near Poltava. A soldier of the army of the Russian Empire in World War I, he served as a non-commissioned officer in the artillery. In 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party and the Red Army during 1918.
country of citizenship
63
[ "citizenship country", "place of citizenship", "country of origin", "citizenship nation", "country of citizenship status" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "military rank", "Marshal of the Soviet Union" ]
Grigory Ivanovich Kulik (Ukrainian: Григорій Іванович Кулик; Russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Кули́к, romanized: Grigóriy Ivánovich Kulík; 9 November 1890 – 24 August 1950), a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union, served as chief of the Red Army's Main Artillery Directorate from 1935 until June 1941. K...
military rank
53
[ "rank in the military", "military designation", "military title", "military grade", "military position" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "occupation", "military personnel" ]
Early life Kulik was born into a peasant family of Ukrainian origin near Poltava. A soldier of the army of the Russian Empire in World War I, he served as a non-commissioned officer in the artillery. In 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party and the Red Army during 1918.Civil war At the beginning of the Russian Civil War, ...
occupation
48
[ "job", "profession", "career", "vocation", "employment" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "conflict", "Winter War" ]
Kulik criticized Marshal Voroshilov's endorsement of the production of the T-34 tank and his namesake KV-1 tanks, both of which would prove instrumental to the survival of the USSR. After Kulik was overruled by Stalin and ordered to produce the tanks anyway, he began deliberately delaying the production of ammunition a...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "conflict", "Polish–Soviet War" ]
Civil war At the beginning of the Russian Civil War, his friendship with the Bolshevik Kliment Voroshilov caused him to join the Red Army, resulting in an introduction to Stalin and the command of the artillery of the 1st Cavalry Army (co-led by Stalin and Voroshilov) at the Battle of Tsaritsyn during 1918.The position...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "conflict", "Eastern Front (World War II)" ]
Wartime command When Germany invaded the USSR during June 1941, Kulik was given command of the 54th Army on the Leningrad front. Here he presided over Soviet defeats that resulted in the city of Leningrad being surrounded and General Zhukov being rushed to the front in order to stabilize the defenses and take over Kuli...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "conflict", "Russian Civil War" ]
Grigory Ivanovich Kulik (Ukrainian: Григорій Іванович Кулик; Russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Кули́к, romanized: Grigóriy Ivánovich Kulík; 9 November 1890 – 24 August 1950), a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union, served as chief of the Red Army's Main Artillery Directorate from 1935 until June 1941. K...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Grigory Kulik", "military branch", "artillery" ]
Early life Kulik was born into a peasant family of Ukrainian origin near Poltava. A soldier of the army of the Russian Empire in World War I, he served as a non-commissioned officer in the artillery. In 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party and the Red Army during 1918.Civil war At the beginning of the Russian Civil War, ...
military branch
71
[ "armed forces", "military division", "armed service", "military unit", "military organization" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "conflict", "World War I" ]
Biography Shaposhnikov, born at Zlatoust, near Chelyabinsk in the Urals, had Orenburg Cossack origins. He joined the army of the Russian Empire in 1901 as an officer cadet, and graduated from the Nicholas General Staff Academy in 1910, reaching the rank of colonel in the Caucasus Grenadiers division in September 1917...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "place of death", "Moscow" ]
Shaposhnikov planned the 1939 Soviet invasion of Finland, but was much less optimistic about its duration than Stalin and the campaign's commander Kliment Voroshilov. The resultant Winter War (1939–1940) did not deliver the immediate success the Soviet side had hoped for, and Shaposhnikov resigned as Chief of the Gener...
place of death
45
[ "location of death", "death place", "place where they died", "place of passing", "final resting place" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "member of political party", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union" ]
Shaposhnikov was one of the few Red Army commanders with formal pre-revolutionary military training, and in 1921 he became 1st Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army's General Staff, where he served until 1925. He was appointed commander of the Leningrad Military District in 1925 and then of the Moscow Military District in...
member of political party
95
[ "affiliated with political party", "party membership", "political party member", "partisan affiliation", "political affiliation" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "conflict", "Eastern Front (World War II)" ]
Shaposhnikov planned the 1939 Soviet invasion of Finland, but was much less optimistic about its duration than Stalin and the campaign's commander Kliment Voroshilov. The resultant Winter War (1939–1940) did not deliver the immediate success the Soviet side had hoped for, and Shaposhnikov resigned as Chief of the Gener...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "occupation", "military personnel" ]
Biography Shaposhnikov, born at Zlatoust, near Chelyabinsk in the Urals, had Orenburg Cossack origins. He joined the army of the Russian Empire in 1901 as an officer cadet, and graduated from the Nicholas General Staff Academy in 1910, reaching the rank of colonel in the Caucasus Grenadiers division in September 1917...
occupation
48
[ "job", "profession", "career", "vocation", "employment" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "military rank", "colonel" ]
Biography Shaposhnikov, born at Zlatoust, near Chelyabinsk in the Urals, had Orenburg Cossack origins. He joined the army of the Russian Empire in 1901 as an officer cadet, and graduated from the Nicholas General Staff Academy in 1910, reaching the rank of colonel in the Caucasus Grenadiers division in September 1917...
military rank
53
[ "rank in the military", "military designation", "military title", "military grade", "military position" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "place of birth", "Zlatoust" ]
Biography Shaposhnikov, born at Zlatoust, near Chelyabinsk in the Urals, had Orenburg Cossack origins. He joined the army of the Russian Empire in 1901 as an officer cadet, and graduated from the Nicholas General Staff Academy in 1910, reaching the rank of colonel in the Caucasus Grenadiers division in September 1917...
place of birth
42
[ "birthplace", "place of origin", "native place", "homeland", "birth city" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "place of burial", "Kremlin Wall Necropolis" ]
Shaposhnikov planned the 1939 Soviet invasion of Finland, but was much less optimistic about its duration than Stalin and the campaign's commander Kliment Voroshilov. The resultant Winter War (1939–1940) did not deliver the immediate success the Soviet side had hoped for, and Shaposhnikov resigned as Chief of the Gener...
place of burial
58
[ "final resting place", "burial site", "last resting place", "grave site", "interment location" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "award received", "Jubilee Medal \"XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army\"" ]
Biography Shaposhnikov, born at Zlatoust, near Chelyabinsk in the Urals, had Orenburg Cossack origins. He joined the army of the Russian Empire in 1901 as an officer cadet, and graduated from the Nicholas General Staff Academy in 1910, reaching the rank of colonel in the Caucasus Grenadiers division in September 1917...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "award received", "Order of Saint Vladimir 4th class with swords and bow" ]
Honours and awards Russian EmpireOrder of St. Anna, 4th class (26 October 1914), 3rd class with Swords and Bow (1915), 2nd class with Swords (1 November 1916) Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class with Swords and Bow (2 November 1914) Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class with Swords and Bow (22 July 1916) Soviet UnionThree ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "award received", "Order of St. Anna 2nd class with swords" ]
Honours and awards Russian EmpireOrder of St. Anna, 4th class (26 October 1914), 3rd class with Swords and Bow (1915), 2nd class with Swords (1 November 1916) Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class with Swords and Bow (2 November 1914) Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class with Swords and Bow (22 July 1916) Soviet UnionThree ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Boris Shaposhnikov", "award received", "Order of St. Anne 3rd class with swords and bow" ]
Honours and awards Russian EmpireOrder of St. Anna, 4th class (26 October 1914), 3rd class with Swords and Bow (1915), 2nd class with Swords (1 November 1916) Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class with Swords and Bow (2 November 1914) Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class with Swords and Bow (22 July 1916) Soviet UnionThree ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "instance of", "human" ]
Military career Draft and early service A Ukrainian, Yeryomenko was born in Markivka in Kharkov Governorate (today in Ukraine) to a peasant family, Yeryomenko was drafted into the Imperial Army in 1913, serving on the Southwest and Romanian Fronts during World War I. He joined the Red Army in 1918, where he served in t...
instance of
5
[ "type of", "example of", "manifestation of", "representation of" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "conflict", "World War I" ]
Military career Draft and early service A Ukrainian, Yeryomenko was born in Markivka in Kharkov Governorate (today in Ukraine) to a peasant family, Yeryomenko was drafted into the Imperial Army in 1913, serving on the Southwest and Romanian Fronts during World War I. He joined the Red Army in 1918, where he served in t...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "conflict", "World War II" ]
Andrey Ivanovich Yeryomenko (Russian: Андре́й Ива́нович Ерёменко; Ukrainian: Андрій Іванович Єрьоменко; October 14 [O.S. October 2] 1892 – November 19, 1970) was a Soviet general during World War II and Marshal of the Soviet Union. During the war, Yeryomenko commanded the Southeastern Front (later renamed the Stalingra...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "military branch", "cavalry" ]
Military career Draft and early service A Ukrainian, Yeryomenko was born in Markivka in Kharkov Governorate (today in Ukraine) to a peasant family, Yeryomenko was drafted into the Imperial Army in 1913, serving on the Southwest and Romanian Fronts during World War I. He joined the Red Army in 1918, where he served in t...
military branch
71
[ "armed forces", "military division", "armed service", "military unit", "military organization" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "country of citizenship", "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic" ]
Military career Draft and early service A Ukrainian, Yeryomenko was born in Markivka in Kharkov Governorate (today in Ukraine) to a peasant family, Yeryomenko was drafted into the Imperial Army in 1913, serving on the Southwest and Romanian Fronts during World War I. He joined the Red Army in 1918, where he served in t...
country of citizenship
63
[ "citizenship country", "place of citizenship", "country of origin", "citizenship nation", "country of citizenship status" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "country of citizenship", "Ukrainian People's Republic" ]
Military career Draft and early service A Ukrainian, Yeryomenko was born in Markivka in Kharkov Governorate (today in Ukraine) to a peasant family, Yeryomenko was drafted into the Imperial Army in 1913, serving on the Southwest and Romanian Fronts during World War I. He joined the Red Army in 1918, where he served in t...
country of citizenship
63
[ "citizenship country", "place of citizenship", "country of origin", "citizenship nation", "country of citizenship status" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "family name", "Yeryomenko" ]
Military career Draft and early service A Ukrainian, Yeryomenko was born in Markivka in Kharkov Governorate (today in Ukraine) to a peasant family, Yeryomenko was drafted into the Imperial Army in 1913, serving on the Southwest and Romanian Fronts during World War I. He joined the Red Army in 1918, where he served in t...
family name
54
[ "surname", "last name", "patronymic", "family surname", "clan name" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "award received", "Medal \"For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945\"" ]
Andrey Ivanovich Yeryomenko (Russian: Андре́й Ива́нович Ерёменко; Ukrainian: Андрій Іванович Єрьоменко; October 14 [O.S. October 2] 1892 – November 19, 1970) was a Soviet general during World War II and Marshal of the Soviet Union. During the war, Yeryomenko commanded the Southeastern Front (later renamed the Stalingra...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "place of birth", "Markivka" ]
Military career Draft and early service A Ukrainian, Yeryomenko was born in Markivka in Kharkov Governorate (today in Ukraine) to a peasant family, Yeryomenko was drafted into the Imperial Army in 1913, serving on the Southwest and Romanian Fronts during World War I. He joined the Red Army in 1918, where he served in t...
place of birth
42
[ "birthplace", "place of origin", "native place", "homeland", "birth city" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "sex or gender", "male" ]
Military career Draft and early service A Ukrainian, Yeryomenko was born in Markivka in Kharkov Governorate (today in Ukraine) to a peasant family, Yeryomenko was drafted into the Imperial Army in 1913, serving on the Southwest and Romanian Fronts during World War I. He joined the Red Army in 1918, where he served in t...
sex or gender
65
[ "biological sex", "gender identity", "gender expression", "sexual orientation", "gender classification" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "educated at", "M.V. Frunze Military Academy" ]
Military career Draft and early service A Ukrainian, Yeryomenko was born in Markivka in Kharkov Governorate (today in Ukraine) to a peasant family, Yeryomenko was drafted into the Imperial Army in 1913, serving on the Southwest and Romanian Fronts during World War I. He joined the Red Army in 1918, where he served in t...
educated at
56
[ "studied at", "graduated from", "attended", "enrolled at", "completed education at" ]
null
null
[ "Andrey Yeryomenko", "award received", "Order of Kutuzov, 1st class" ]
Honours and awards Soviet Union"Gold Star" Medal Hero of the Soviet Union (29 July 1944) Five Orders of Lenin (22 February 1938, 29 July 1944, 21 February 1945, 13 October 1962, 13 October 1967) Order of the October Revolution (22 February 1968) Order of the Red Banner, four times (15 June 1926, 22 February 1941, 3 Nov...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "conflict", "World War II" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "conflict", "World War I" ]
World War I Bagramyan was well aware of the military situation at the Caucasus front during the first months of the world war. In the winter of 1914–15, the Imperial Russian Army was able to withstand and repel the Ottoman offensive aimed at capturing Sarikamish. Bagramyan also began reading harrowing reports in the Ru...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Jubilee Medal \"30 years of the Victory in Khalkhin-Gol\"" ]
Early life Ivan Bagramyan was born in Yelisavetpol (modern Ganja, Azerbaijan) to Armenian parents who were from the village of Chardakhlu, then a part of the Russian Empire. Chardakhlu was one of the largest Armenian settlements in the South Caucasus populated almost entirely by migrants from the village of Maghavuz in...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Order of the Red Banner" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "country of citizenship", "Russian Empire" ]
Early life Ivan Bagramyan was born in Yelisavetpol (modern Ganja, Azerbaijan) to Armenian parents who were from the village of Chardakhlu, then a part of the Russian Empire. Chardakhlu was one of the largest Armenian settlements in the South Caucasus populated almost entirely by migrants from the village of Maghavuz in...
country of citizenship
63
[ "citizenship country", "place of citizenship", "country of origin", "citizenship nation", "country of citizenship status" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Order \"For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR\", 3rd class" ]
Career after World War II After the war, Bagramyan remained in command of the Baltic Military District, commanding operations against partisans in Lithuania and Latvia. In 1954, he was appointed chief inspector of the Ministry of Defence. On March 11 1955, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Defence with the rank of Ma...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Order of Kutuzov, 1st class" ]
Marshal Bagramyan was awarded numerous Soviet and foreign orders and medals for his service, including two Orders of the Hero of the Soviet Union, seven Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of Suvorov and the Order of Kutuzov. Among the other commendations he ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "member of political party", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
member of political party
95
[ "affiliated with political party", "party membership", "political party member", "partisan affiliation", "political affiliation" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "conflict", "Eastern Front (World War II)" ]
World War II Ukraine In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Unlike many of the border troops who were caught off guard by the offensive, Bagramyan and his commander, General Mikhail Kirponos, believed an invasion by Germany was inevitable. However, Kirponos chose to ignore Bagramyan's belief that the Germ...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "military rank", "lieutenant general" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
military rank
53
[ "rank in the military", "military designation", "military title", "military grade", "military position" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "military rank", "Marshal of the Soviet Union" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
military rank
53
[ "rank in the military", "military designation", "military title", "military grade", "military position" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Jubilee Medal \"50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR\"" ]
Early life Ivan Bagramyan was born in Yelisavetpol (modern Ganja, Azerbaijan) to Armenian parents who were from the village of Chardakhlu, then a part of the Russian Empire. Chardakhlu was one of the largest Armenian settlements in the South Caucasus populated almost entirely by migrants from the village of Maghavuz in...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Medal \"For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945\"" ]
Early life Ivan Bagramyan was born in Yelisavetpol (modern Ganja, Azerbaijan) to Armenian parents who were from the village of Chardakhlu, then a part of the Russian Empire. Chardakhlu was one of the largest Armenian settlements in the South Caucasus populated almost entirely by migrants from the village of Maghavuz in...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "military rank", "General of the army" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
military rank
53
[ "rank in the military", "military designation", "military title", "military grade", "military position" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "military rank", "colonel general" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
military rank
53
[ "rank in the military", "military designation", "military title", "military grade", "military position" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "occupation", "military officer" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
occupation
48
[ "job", "profession", "career", "vocation", "employment" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Order of the Red Banner" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Jubilee Medal \"40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR\"" ]
Early life Ivan Bagramyan was born in Yelisavetpol (modern Ganja, Azerbaijan) to Armenian parents who were from the village of Chardakhlu, then a part of the Russian Empire. Chardakhlu was one of the largest Armenian settlements in the South Caucasus populated almost entirely by migrants from the village of Maghavuz in...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Order of the October Revolution" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Jubilee Medal \"Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945\"" ]
Early life Ivan Bagramyan was born in Yelisavetpol (modern Ganja, Azerbaijan) to Armenian parents who were from the village of Chardakhlu, then a part of the Russian Empire. Chardakhlu was one of the largest Armenian settlements in the South Caucasus populated almost entirely by migrants from the village of Maghavuz in...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Jubilee Medal \"30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy\"" ]
Early life Ivan Bagramyan was born in Yelisavetpol (modern Ganja, Azerbaijan) to Armenian parents who were from the village of Chardakhlu, then a part of the Russian Empire. Chardakhlu was one of the largest Armenian settlements in the South Caucasus populated almost entirely by migrants from the village of Maghavuz in...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "position held", "deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
position held
59
[ "occupation", "job title", "post", "office", "rank" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Jubilee Medal \"60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR\"" ]
Early life Ivan Bagramyan was born in Yelisavetpol (modern Ganja, Azerbaijan) to Armenian parents who were from the village of Chardakhlu, then a part of the Russian Empire. Chardakhlu was one of the largest Armenian settlements in the South Caucasus populated almost entirely by migrants from the village of Maghavuz in...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "award received", "Medal \"For the Capture of Königsberg\"" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
award received
62
[ "received an award", "given an award", "won an award", "received a prize", "awarded with" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "place of burial", "Kremlin Wall Necropolis" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
place of burial
58
[ "final resting place", "burial site", "last resting place", "grave site", "interment location" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "place of birth", "Çardaqlı" ]
Early life Ivan Bagramyan was born in Yelisavetpol (modern Ganja, Azerbaijan) to Armenian parents who were from the village of Chardakhlu, then a part of the Russian Empire. Chardakhlu was one of the largest Armenian settlements in the South Caucasus populated almost entirely by migrants from the village of Maghavuz in...
place of birth
42
[ "birthplace", "place of origin", "native place", "homeland", "birth city" ]
null
null
[ "Ivan Bagramyan", "family name", "Baghramyan" ]
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 – 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, ...
family name
54
[ "surname", "last name", "patronymic", "family surname", "clan name" ]
null
null
[ "Vasily Blyukher", "country of citizenship", "Soviet Union" ]
Vasily Konstantinovich Blyukher (Russian: Васи́лий Константи́нович Блю́хер, tr. Vasiliy Konstantinovich Blyukher; 1 December 1889 – 9 November 1938) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.Early history Blyukher was born into a Russian peasant family named Gurov, in the village of Barschinka in ...
country of citizenship
63
[ "citizenship country", "place of citizenship", "country of origin", "citizenship nation", "country of citizenship status" ]
null
null
[ "Vasily Blyukher", "conflict", "Russian Civil War" ]
Civil War In late November 1917 the Red Guard forces of Commander V. K. Sadlutskii and Commissar Blyukher moved from Samara to Chelyabinsk to suppress Alexander Dutov's revolt. Blyukher joined the Red Army in 1918 and soon became a commander. During the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923, he was one of the outstanding figu...
conflict
28
[ "battle", "warfare", "struggle", "fighting", "combat" ]
null
null