triplets list | passage stringlengths 0 32.9k | label stringlengths 4 48 ⌀ | label_id int64 0 1k ⌀ | synonyms list | __index_level_1__ int64 312 64.1k ⌀ | __index_level_0__ int64 0 2.4k ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Proxima Centauri",
"instance of",
"eruptive variable star"
] | Observational history
In 1915, the Scottish astronomer Robert Innes, director of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa, discovered a star that had the same proper motion as Alpha Centauri. He suggested that it be named Proxima Centauri (actually Proxima Centaurus). In 1917, at the Royal Observatory at the... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Earth",
"has part(s)",
"Earth's surface"
] | Magnetic field
The main part of Earth's magnetic field is generated in the core, the site of a dynamo process that converts the kinetic energy of thermally and compositionally driven convection into electrical and magnetic field energy. The field extends outwards from the core, through the mantle, and up to Earth's sur... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Earth",
"has quality",
"geologic activity"
] | Earth's surface topography consists mostly of the topography of the ocean surface and to a lesser extend of the terrain of Earth's crust above sea level. The larger part of Earth's crust that lies below the ocean hosts the ocean floor at an average bathymetric depth of 4 km and has a terrain as varied as the terrain ab... | has quality | 99 | [
"possesses quality",
"exhibits quality",
"displays quality",
"features quality",
"has characteristic"
] | null | null |
[
"Earth",
"has part(s)",
"lithosphere"
] | Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only place known in the universe where life has originated and found habitability. While Earth may not contain the largest volumes of water in the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water, extending over 70.8% of the planet with its ocean, making it an ocean ... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Earth",
"has part(s)",
"Earth's magnetic field"
] | Magnetic field
The main part of Earth's magnetic field is generated in the core, the site of a dynamo process that converts the kinetic energy of thermally and compositionally driven convection into electrical and magnetic field energy. The field extends outwards from the core, through the mantle, and up to Earth's sur... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Earth",
"has part(s)",
"mantle"
] | Surface
Earth's surface is the top layer of Earth's rigid or liquid structure, at the interface with its atmosphere. Earth as an idealized spheroid has a surface area of about 510 million km2 (197 million sq mi). Earth can be divided into two hemispheres. Generally, Earth is divided by latitude into the polar Northern ... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Earth",
"has part(s)",
"Australian continent"
] | Surface
Earth's surface is the top layer of Earth's rigid or liquid structure, at the interface with its atmosphere. Earth as an idealized spheroid has a surface area of about 510 million km2 (197 million sq mi). Earth can be divided into two hemispheres. Generally, Earth is divided by latitude into the polar Northern ... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Earth",
"instance of",
"inner planet of the Solar System"
] | Orbit
Earth orbits the Sun, making Earth the third-closest planet to the Sun and part of the inner Solar System. Earth's average orbital distance is about 150 million km (93 million mi), which is the basis for the Astronomical Unit and is equal to roughly 8.3 light minutes or 380 times Earth's distance to the Moon.
Ear... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Earth",
"location",
"inner Solar System"
] | Orbit
Earth orbits the Sun, making Earth the third-closest planet to the Sun and part of the inner Solar System. Earth's average orbital distance is about 150 million km (93 million mi), which is the basis for the Astronomical Unit and is equal to roughly 8.3 light minutes or 380 times Earth's distance to the Moon.
Ear... | location | 29 | [
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"Mars",
"named after",
"Ares"
] | Moons
Mars has two relatively small (compared to Earth's) natural moons, Phobos (about 22 kilometres (14 mi) in diameter) and Deimos (about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) in diameter), which orbit close to the planet. The origin of both moons is unclear, although a popular theory states that they were asteroids captured into M... | named after | 11 | [
"called after",
"named for",
"honored after",
"called for"
] | null | null |
[
"Age of Earth",
"instance of",
"age"
] | Development of modern geologic concepts
Studies of strata—the layering of rocks and earth—gave naturalists an appreciation that Earth may have been through many changes during its existence. These layers often contained fossilized remains of unknown creatures, leading some to interpret a progression of organisms from l... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Moon",
"instance of",
"planetary-mass moon"
] | Size and mass
The Moon is by size and mass the fifth largest natural satellite of the Solar System, categorizeable as one of its planetary-mass moons, making it a satellite planet under the geophysical definitions of the term. It is smaller than Mercury and considerably larger than the largest dwarf planet of the Solar... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Moon",
"has part(s)",
"lunar soil"
] | Surface conditions
Ionizing radiation from cosmic rays, the Sun and the resulting neutron radiation produce radiation levels on average of 1.369 millisieverts per day during lunar daytime, which is about 2.6 times more than on the International Space Station with 0.53 millisieverts per day at about 400 km above Earth i... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Olympus Mons",
"instance of",
"mons"
] | Description
As a shield volcano, Olympus Mons resembles the shape of the large volcanoes making up the Hawaiian Islands. The edifice is about 600 km (370 mi) wide. Because the mountain is so large, with complex structure at its edges, allocating a height to it is difficult. Olympus Mons stands 21 km (13 mi) above the M... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Protist",
"instance of",
"taxon"
] | Description
Besides their relatively simple levels of organization, protists do not necessarily have much in common. When used, the term "protists" is now considered to mean a paraphyletic assemblage of similar-appearing but diverse taxa (biological groups); these taxa do not have an exclusive common ancestor beyond be... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Protist",
"instance of",
"paraphyletic group"
] | Description
Besides their relatively simple levels of organization, protists do not necessarily have much in common. When used, the term "protists" is now considered to mean a paraphyletic assemblage of similar-appearing but diverse taxa (biological groups); these taxa do not have an exclusive common ancestor beyond be... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Baltica",
"instance of",
"paleocontinent"
] | Baltica is a paleocontinent that formed in the Paleoproterozoic and now constitutes northwestern Eurasia, or Europe north of the Trans-European Suture Zone and west of the Ural Mountains.
The thick core of Baltica, the East European Craton, is more than three billion years old and formed part of the Rodinia supercontin... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Sudbury Basin",
"instance of",
"impact crater"
] | The Sudbury Basin (), also known as Sudbury Structure or the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive, is a major geological structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the third-largest known impact crater or astrobleme on Earth, as well as one of the oldest. The crater was formed 1.849 billion years ago in the Paleoproterozoic era.The basin... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Söderfjärden",
"country",
"Finland"
] | Söderfjärden is a polder in Ostrobothnia, western Finland, 10 kilometres south of the town of Vaasa. The plain is in an impact crater which was made at least some 640 million years old (Proterozoic, near the end of the Cryogenian). The crater's diameter is 6.6 km and its maximum depth is 300 metres. It is filled with C... | country | 7 | [
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"TRAPPIST-1",
"instance of",
"red dwarf"
] | TRAPPIST-1 is a cold dwarf star, with a surface temperature of about 2,566 K (2,293 °C; 4,159 °F), in the constellation Aquarius. It has a planetary system of seven known planets. TRAPPIST-1 is slightly larger than Jupiter and has a mass of about 9% of that of the Sun. Located 40.7 light-years (12.47 parsecs) (pc) away... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"TRAPPIST-1",
"instance of",
"ultra-cool dwarf"
] | TRAPPIST-1 is a cold dwarf star, with a surface temperature of about 2,566 K (2,293 °C; 4,159 °F), in the constellation Aquarius. It has a planetary system of seven known planets. TRAPPIST-1 is slightly larger than Jupiter and has a mass of about 9% of that of the Sun. Located 40.7 light-years (12.47 parsecs) (pc) away... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Newtontoppen",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Svalbard"
] | Newtontoppen (Newton Peak) is the largest and highest mountain in Svalbard, at 1,713 m. Its peak is the highest point on Svalbard. It is located at the north east corner on the island of Spitsbergen in the Chydeniusfjella range. The nearest settlement is the formerly Soviet coal mining settlement, Pyramiden.The mountai... | located in the administrative territorial entity | 6 | [
"situated in",
"found in",
"positioned in"
] | null | null |
[
"Newtontoppen",
"significant event",
"first ascent"
] | Newtontoppen (Newton Peak) is the largest and highest mountain in Svalbard, at 1,713 m. Its peak is the highest point on Svalbard. It is located at the north east corner on the island of Spitsbergen in the Chydeniusfjella range. The nearest settlement is the formerly Soviet coal mining settlement, Pyramiden.The mountai... | significant event | 30 | [
"Landmark event",
"Key happening",
"Pivotal occurrence",
"Momentous incident",
"Notable episode"
] | null | null |
[
"New Red Sandstone",
"instance of",
"formation"
] | The New Red Sandstone, chiefly in British geology, is composed of beds of red sandstone and associated rocks laid down throughout the Permian (300 million years ago) to the end of the Triassic (about 200 million years ago), that underlie the Jurassic-Triassic age Penarth Group. The name distinguishes it from the Old ... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Rodent",
"instance of",
"taxon"
] | Rodents (from Latin rodere, 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are native to all major land masses except for New Zealand, Antarctica, and severa... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Boltysh crater",
"country",
"Ukraine"
] | Overview
Boltysh crater is located in central Ukraine, in the basin of the Tiasmyn River, a tributary of the Dnieper River. It is 24 kilometres (15 mi) in diameter, and is surrounded by an ejecta blanket of breccia preserved over an area of 6,500 square kilometres (2,500 sq mi). It is estimated that immediately after... | country | 7 | [
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Lake Biwa",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Shiga Prefecture"
] | Lake Biwa (琵琶湖, Biwa-ko) is the largest freshwater lake in Japan. It is located entirely within Shiga Prefecture (west-central Honshu), northeast of the former capital city of Kyoto. Lake Biwa is an ancient lake, over 4 million years old. It is estimated to be the 13th oldest lake in the world. Because of its proximity... | located in the administrative territorial entity | 6 | [
"situated in",
"found in",
"positioned in"
] | null | null |
[
"Lake Biwa",
"instance of",
"ancient lake"
] | Lake Biwa (琵琶湖, Biwa-ko) is the largest freshwater lake in Japan. It is located entirely within Shiga Prefecture (west-central Honshu), northeast of the former capital city of Kyoto. Lake Biwa is an ancient lake, over 4 million years old. It is estimated to be the 13th oldest lake in the world. Because of its proximity... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Lake Biwa",
"named after",
"biwa"
] | Name
The name Biwako was established in the Edo period. There are various theories about the origin of the name Biwako, but it is generally believed to be so named because of the resemblance of its shape to that of a stringed instrument called the biwa. Kōsō, a learned monk of Enryaku-ji in the 14th century, gave a clu... | named after | 11 | [
"called after",
"named for",
"honored after",
"called for"
] | null | null |
[
"Boat",
"instance of",
"boat type"
] | A boat is a watercraft of a large range of types and sizes, but generally smaller than a ship, which is distinguished by its larger size, shape, cargo or passenger capacity, or its ability to carry boats.
Small boats are typically found on inland waterways such as rivers and lakes, or in protected coastal areas. Howeve... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Happisburgh footprints",
"country",
"United Kingdom"
] | The Happisburgh footprints were a set of fossilized hominid footprints that date to the early Pleistocene, over 800,000 years ago. They were discovered in May 2013 in a newly uncovered sediment layer of the Cromer Forest Bed on a beach at Happisburgh in Norfolk, England, and carefully photographed in 3D before being de... | country | 7 | [
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Happisburgh footprints",
"instance of",
"trace fossil"
] | The Happisburgh footprints were a set of fossilized hominid footprints that date to the early Pleistocene, over 800,000 years ago. They were discovered in May 2013 in a newly uncovered sediment layer of the Cromer Forest Bed on a beach at Happisburgh in Norfolk, England, and carefully photographed in 3D before being de... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Venus of Tan-Tan",
"made from material",
"quartzite"
] | Description
The Venus of Tan-Tan was described by Robert G. Bednarik. The object is a 6 cm long, 2.6 cm wide, and 1.2 cm thick, 10 gram quartzite. It was discovered in 1999 during an archaeological survey by Lutz Fiedler, state archaeologist of Hesse, Germany, in a river terrace deposit on the north bank of the Draa Ri... | made from material | 98 | [
"constructed from material",
"fabricated from material",
"composed of material",
"formed from material",
"manufactured from material"
] | null | null |
[
"Clacton Spear",
"made from material",
"yew wood"
] | The Clacton Spear, or Clacton Spear Point, is the tip of a wooden spear discovered in Clacton-on-Sea in 1911. It is 400,000 years old and the oldest known worked wooden implement.Description
It is made of yew wood, shaped into a point, and when found was 387 mm long, 39 mm diameter and straight, but drying out during ... | made from material | 98 | [
"constructed from material",
"fabricated from material",
"composed of material",
"formed from material",
"manufactured from material"
] | null | null |
[
"Clacton Spear",
"instance of",
"spear"
] | The Clacton Spear, or Clacton Spear Point, is the tip of a wooden spear discovered in Clacton-on-Sea in 1911. It is 400,000 years old and the oldest known worked wooden implement.Description
It is made of yew wood, shaped into a point, and when found was 387 mm long, 39 mm diameter and straight, but drying out during ... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Clacton Spear",
"instance of",
"archaeological artifact"
] | The Clacton Spear, or Clacton Spear Point, is the tip of a wooden spear discovered in Clacton-on-Sea in 1911. It is 400,000 years old and the oldest known worked wooden implement.Description
It is made of yew wood, shaped into a point, and when found was 387 mm long, 39 mm diameter and straight, but drying out during ... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Clacton Spear",
"collection",
"Natural History Museum"
] | Description
It is made of yew wood, shaped into a point, and when found was 387 mm long, 39 mm diameter and straight, but drying out during the first decades of storage shrank it to 367 mm by 37 mm, and warped it slightly into a curve. Treatment by wax impregnation in 1952 apparently stabilized it. At some time befor... | collection | 79 | [
"assemblage",
"accumulation",
"gathering",
"compilation",
"assortment"
] | null | null |
[
"Mount Etna",
"country",
"Italy"
] | Mount Etna, or simply Etna (Italian: Etna [ˈɛtna] or Mongibello [mondʒiˈbɛllo]; Sicilian: Muncibbeḍḍu [mʊntʃɪbˈbɛɖɖʊ] or a Muntagna; Latin: Aetna; Ancient Greek: Αἴτνα and Αἴτνη), is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina and Catani... | country | 7 | [
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Mount Etna",
"located in/on physical feature",
"Sicily"
] | Mount Etna, or simply Etna (Italian: Etna [ˈɛtna] or Mongibello [mondʒiˈbɛllo]; Sicilian: Muncibbeḍḍu [mʊntʃɪbˈbɛɖɖʊ] or a Muntagna; Latin: Aetna; Ancient Greek: Αἴτνα and Αἴτνη), is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina and Catani... | located in/on physical feature | 33 | [
"situated in/on physical feature",
"positioned in/on physical feature",
"found in/on physical feature",
"placed in/on physical feature",
"situated on/at physical feature"
] | null | null |
[
"Mount Etna",
"significant event",
"volcanic eruption"
] | History of volcanic eruptions
Eruptions of Etna follow multiple patterns. Most occur at the summit, where there are five distinct craters – the Northeast Crater, the Voragine, the Bocca Nuova, and two at the Southeast Crater Complex. Other eruptions occur on the flanks, which have more than 300 vents ranging in size fr... | significant event | 30 | [
"Landmark event",
"Key happening",
"Pivotal occurrence",
"Momentous incident",
"Notable episode"
] | null | null |
[
"Mount Etna",
"instance of",
"tourist attraction"
] | Facilities
Etna is one of Sicily's main tourist attractions, with thousands of visitors every year. The most common route is through the road leading to Sapienza Refuge ski area, lying at the south of the crater at elevation of 1910 m. From the Refuge, a cableway runs uphill to an elevation of 2500 m, from where the cr... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Mount Etna",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Metropolitan City of Catania"
] | Mount Etna, or simply Etna (Italian: Etna [ˈɛtna] or Mongibello [mondʒiˈbɛllo]; Sicilian: Muncibbeḍḍu [mʊntʃɪbˈbɛɖɖʊ] or a Muntagna; Latin: Aetna; Ancient Greek: Αἴτνα and Αἴτνη), is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina and Catani... | located in the administrative territorial entity | 6 | [
"situated in",
"found in",
"positioned in"
] | null | null |
[
"Aso Caldera",
"country",
"Japan"
] | Aso caldera (also known as Asosan, the Aso Volcano or Mount Aso, although the later term usually is used related to its currently active vents) is a geographical feature of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It stretches 25 kilometers north to south and 18 kilometers east to west. The central core "Aso Gogaku" is the five maj... | country | 7 | [
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Aso Caldera",
"located in/on physical feature",
"Kyushu"
] | Tectonics
There are multiple active faults both under the volcano and adjacent on this area of the Amur Plate. The Okinawa Plate collides with the Amur Plate to the south and the Pacific Plate is subducting under both. The caldera is located where two volcanic lines intersect, being those in the Central Kyushu Rift Val... | located in/on physical feature | 33 | [
"situated in/on physical feature",
"positioned in/on physical feature",
"found in/on physical feature",
"placed in/on physical feature",
"situated on/at physical feature"
] | null | null |
[
"Aso Caldera",
"instance of",
"caldera"
] | Aso caldera (also known as Asosan, the Aso Volcano or Mount Aso, although the later term usually is used related to its currently active vents) is a geographical feature of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It stretches 25 kilometers north to south and 18 kilometers east to west. The central core "Aso Gogaku" is the five maj... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Aso Caldera",
"has part(s)",
"Aso"
] | Aso caldera (also known as Asosan, the Aso Volcano or Mount Aso, although the later term usually is used related to its currently active vents) is a geographical feature of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It stretches 25 kilometers north to south and 18 kilometers east to west. The central core "Aso Gogaku" is the five maj... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Aso Caldera",
"has part(s)",
"Mount Aso"
] | Aso caldera (also known as Asosan, the Aso Volcano or Mount Aso, although the later term usually is used related to its currently active vents) is a geographical feature of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It stretches 25 kilometers north to south and 18 kilometers east to west. The central core "Aso Gogaku" is the five maj... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Aso Caldera",
"has part(s)",
"Takamori"
] | Size and other context
Furthermore, in Japan, the caldera forming Lake Kussharo, which measures {26 by 20 km (16 by 12 mi), is larger than Aso caldera leaving it the second largest in Japan. It's not rare to see calderas of this scale; however, to see calderas with an interior stable enough to cultivate land, build hig... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Aso Caldera",
"has part(s)",
"Minamiaso"
] | Aso caldera (also known as Asosan, the Aso Volcano or Mount Aso, although the later term usually is used related to its currently active vents) is a geographical feature of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It stretches 25 kilometers north to south and 18 kilometers east to west. The central core "Aso Gogaku" is the five maj... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Aso Caldera",
"significant event",
"volcanic eruption"
] | Eruptions
Aso volcano has been active at intervals of approximately 10–20 years with the most active cone in recorded history being Nakadake located in the center of the caldera. It has been active since the sixth century. Eruptions occurred from November 2014 to May 2015, with two major phreatomagmatic eruptions on Se... | significant event | 30 | [
"Landmark event",
"Key happening",
"Pivotal occurrence",
"Momentous incident",
"Notable episode"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"language of work or name",
"Vedic Sanskrit"
] | The Vedas ( or , IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda a... | language of work or name | 125 | [
"language",
"dialect",
"jargon"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"has part(s)",
"Yajurveda"
] | The Vedas ( or , IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda a... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"instance of",
"Śruti"
] | Śruti and smriti
Vedas are śruti ("what is heard"), distinguishing them from other religious texts, which are called smṛti ("what is remembered"). This indigenous system of categorization was adopted by Max Müller and, while it is subject to some debate, it is still widely used. As Axel Michaels explains:These classifi... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"author",
"Rishi"
] | Authorship
Hindus consider the Vedas to be apauruṣeyā, which means "not of a man, superhuman" and "impersonal, authorless." The Vedas, for orthodox Indian theologians, are considered revelations seen by ancient sages after intense meditation, and texts that have been more carefully preserved since ancient times. In the... | author | 124 | [
"writer",
"novelist"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"followed by",
"Brahmana"
] | Embedded Vedic texts
Brahmanas
The Brahmanas are commentaries, explanation of proper methods and meaning of Vedic Samhita rituals in the four Vedas. They also incorporate myths, legends and in some cases philosophy. Each regional Vedic shakha (school) has its own operating manual-like Brahmana text, most of which have ... | followed by | 17 | [
"succeeded by",
"later followed by",
"came after"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"genre",
"religious literature"
] | The Samhitas (Sanskrit saṃhitā, "collection"), are collections of metric texts ("mantras"). There are four "Vedic" Samhitas: the Rig-Veda, Yajur-Veda, Sama-Veda and Atharva-Veda, most of which are available in several recensions (śākhā). In some contexts, the term Veda is used to refer only to these Samhitas, the colle... | genre | 85 | [
"category",
"style",
"type",
"kind",
"class"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"part of",
"Sanskrit literature"
] | The Vedas ( or , IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda a... | part of | 15 | [
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"subclass of",
"religious text"
] | The Vedas ( or , IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda a... | subclass of | 109 | [
"is a type of",
"is a kind of",
"is a subtype of",
"belongs to category",
"is classified as"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"has quality",
"revelation"
] | The Vedas ( or , IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda a... | has quality | 99 | [
"possesses quality",
"exhibits quality",
"displays quality",
"features quality",
"has characteristic"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"followed by",
"Upanishads"
] | The Vedas ( or , IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda a... | followed by | 17 | [
"succeeded by",
"later followed by",
"came after"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"has part(s)",
"Atharvaveda"
] | Four Vedas
The canonical division of the Vedas is fourfold (turīya) viz.,
Rigveda (RV)
Yajurveda (YV, with the main division TS vs. VS)
Samaveda (SV)
Atharvaveda (AV)Of these, the first three were the principal original division, also called "trayī vidyā"; that is, "the triple science" of reciting hymns (Rigveda), ... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"has part(s)",
"Samaveda"
] | Four Vedas
The canonical division of the Vedas is fourfold (turīya) viz.,
Rigveda (RV)
Yajurveda (YV, with the main division TS vs. VS)
Samaveda (SV)
Atharvaveda (AV)Of these, the first three were the principal original division, also called "trayī vidyā"; that is, "the triple science" of reciting hymns (Rigveda), ... | has part(s) | 19 | [
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Vedas",
"followed by",
"Aranyaka"
] | The Vedas ( or , IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda a... | followed by | 17 | [
"succeeded by",
"later followed by",
"came after"
] | null | null |
[
"Mount Yōtei",
"made from material",
"andesite"
] | Geology
Mount Yōtei is mostly composed of andesite and dacite. The stratovolcano is symmetrical, adding to its resemblance to Mount Fuji. | made from material | 98 | [
"constructed from material",
"fabricated from material",
"composed of material",
"formed from material",
"manufactured from material"
] | null | null |
[
"Haplogroup N (mtDNA)",
"place of birth",
"Eurasia"
] | Haplogroup N is found in all parts of the world but has low frequencies in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to a number of studies, the presence of Haplogroup N in Africa is most likely the result of back migration from Eurasia.
The oldest clades of macrohaplogroup N are found in Asia and Australia.
It would be paradoxica... | place of birth | 42 | [
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Haplogroup N (mtDNA)",
"followed by",
"Haplogroup R"
] | Subgroups distribution
Haplogroup N's derived clades include the macro-haplogroup R and its descendants, and haplogroups A, I, S, W, X, and Y.
Rare unclassified haplogroup N* has been found among fossils belonging to the Cardial and Epicardial culture (Cardium pottery) and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. A rare unclassifi... | followed by | 17 | [
"succeeded by",
"later followed by",
"came after"
] | null | null |
[
"Haplogroup N (mtDNA)",
"followed by",
"Haplogroup N1'5"
] | Subgroups distribution
Haplogroup N's derived clades include the macro-haplogroup R and its descendants, and haplogroups A, I, S, W, X, and Y.
Rare unclassified haplogroup N* has been found among fossils belonging to the Cardial and Epicardial culture (Cardium pottery) and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. A rare unclassifi... | followed by | 17 | [
"succeeded by",
"later followed by",
"came after"
] | null | null |
[
"Ras El Kelb",
"country",
"Lebanon"
] | Ras El Kelb is a truncated seaside cave and Paleolithic settlement located on the low-lying (5 m (16 ft)) coast of Lebanon, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Beirut. It is one of the oldest habitations found in the country.Rescue excavations were carried out in 1959 by Dorothy Garrod and G. Henri-Martin. They dug 2 trenches named... | country | 7 | [
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Ras El Kelb",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Beirut"
] | Ras El Kelb is a truncated seaside cave and Paleolithic settlement located on the low-lying (5 m (16 ft)) coast of Lebanon, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Beirut. It is one of the oldest habitations found in the country.Rescue excavations were carried out in 1959 by Dorothy Garrod and G. Henri-Martin. They dug 2 trenches named... | located in the administrative territorial entity | 6 | [
"situated in",
"found in",
"positioned in"
] | null | null |
[
"Ras El Kelb",
"instance of",
"archaeological site"
] | Ras El Kelb is a truncated seaside cave and Paleolithic settlement located on the low-lying (5 m (16 ft)) coast of Lebanon, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Beirut. It is one of the oldest habitations found in the country.Rescue excavations were carried out in 1959 by Dorothy Garrod and G. Henri-Martin. They dug 2 trenches named... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Tulkarm",
"country",
"State of Palestine"
] | Tulkarm, Tulkarem or Tull Keram (Arabic: طولكرم, Ṭūlkarm) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank, located in the Tulkarm Governorate of the State of Palestine. The Israeli city of Netanya is to the west, and the Palestinian cities of Nablus and Jenin to the east. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistic... | country | 7 | [
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Tulkarm",
"category of associated people",
"Category:People from Tulkarm"
] | Notable people
Sanaa Alsarghali
Abu Salma (1909–1980)
Akram Al-Ashqar, film maker
Ekrem Akurgal, Turkish archaeologist born in 1911 in Tulkarm
Khaled Abu Toameh, Palestinian Israeli-Arab Muslim journalist
Mar'i al-Karmi (1580–1624)
Mahmoud Al-Karmi (1889–1939)
Hasan Karmi (1905–2007)
Abdul-Ghani Al-Karmi (1906–1974)
Zu... | category of associated people | 14 | [
"associated people category",
"class of related individuals",
"group of linked persons",
"collection of affiliated individuals",
"set of interconnected persons"
] | null | null |
[
"Tulkarm",
"named after",
"vineyard"
] | Etymology
The Canaanite name, which survived through to Roman times, was Birat Sorqua ('well of the chosen vine'), The Arabic name translates as "mountain of vines" and may be derived from the Aramaic name Tur Karma ("vineyard hill") which was used for Tulkarm by the Crusaders and by the mediaeval Samaritan inhabitan... | named after | 11 | [
"called after",
"named for",
"honored after",
"called for"
] | null | null |
[
"Lebombo bone",
"time period",
"Upper Paleolithic"
] | The Lebombo bone is a bone tool made of a baboon fibula with incised markings discovered in the Lebombo Mountains located between South Africa and Eswatini. Changes in the section of the notches indicate the use of different cutting edges, which the bone's discoverer, Peter Beaumont, views as evidence for their having ... | time period | 97 | [
"duration",
"period of time",
"timeframe",
"time interval",
"temporal period"
] | null | null |
[
"Lebombo bone",
"different from",
"Ishango bone"
] | The Lebombo bone is a bone tool made of a baboon fibula with incised markings discovered in the Lebombo Mountains located between South Africa and Eswatini. Changes in the section of the notches indicate the use of different cutting edges, which the bone's discoverer, Peter Beaumont, views as evidence for their having ... | different from | 12 | [
"not same as",
"not identical to",
"distinct from",
"separate from",
"unlike"
] | null | null |
[
"Divje Babe flute",
"time period",
"Pleistocene"
] | Site and similar findings in Slovenia
The location of the site is a horizontal cave, 45 metres (148 ft) long and up to 15 metres (49 ft) wide; it is 230 m (750 ft) above the Idrijca River, near Cerkno, and is accessible to visitors. Researchers working at the site have uncovered more than 600 archaeological items in at... | time period | 97 | [
"duration",
"period of time",
"timeframe",
"time interval",
"temporal period"
] | null | null |
[
"Divje Babe flute",
"main subject",
"prehistoric music"
] | Neanderthal flute
Unlike Upper Palaeolithic flutes, the total original length of the Divje Babe Neanderthal musical instrument has been preserved allowing its reliable reconstruction. Considering the preserved total length, the number of holes, and the existence of partially preserved blowing edge on proximal end, simp... | main subject | 130 | [
"focus",
"central theme",
"central topic",
"main theme",
"primary subject"
] | null | null |
[
"Divje Babe flute",
"collection",
"National Museum of Slovenia"
] | The Divje Babe flute, also called tidldibab, is a cave bear femur pierced by spaced holes that was unearthed in 1995 during systematic archaeological excavations led by the Institute of Archaeology of the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, at the Divje Babe I near Cerkno in northwestern Slov... | collection | 79 | [
"assemblage",
"accumulation",
"gathering",
"compilation",
"assortment"
] | null | null |
[
"Divje Babe flute",
"location",
"National Museum of Slovenia"
] | The Divje Babe flute, also called tidldibab, is a cave bear femur pierced by spaced holes that was unearthed in 1995 during systematic archaeological excavations led by the Institute of Archaeology of the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, at the Divje Babe I near Cerkno in northwestern Slov... | location | 29 | [
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"Divje Babe flute",
"named after",
"Divje babe"
] | The Divje Babe flute, also called tidldibab, is a cave bear femur pierced by spaced holes that was unearthed in 1995 during systematic archaeological excavations led by the Institute of Archaeology of the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, at the Divje Babe I near Cerkno in northwestern Slov... | named after | 11 | [
"called after",
"named for",
"honored after",
"called for"
] | null | null |
[
"Divje Babe flute",
"made from material",
"bone"
] | The Divje Babe flute, also called tidldibab, is a cave bear femur pierced by spaced holes that was unearthed in 1995 during systematic archaeological excavations led by the Institute of Archaeology of the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, at the Divje Babe I near Cerkno in northwestern Slov... | made from material | 98 | [
"constructed from material",
"fabricated from material",
"composed of material",
"formed from material",
"manufactured from material"
] | null | null |
[
"Simeis 147",
"discoverer or inventor",
"Grigory Abramovich Shajn"
] | Simeis 147, also known as the Spaghetti Nebula, SNR G180.0-01.7 or Sharpless 2-240, is a supernova remnant (SNR) in the Milky Way, straddling the border between the constellations Auriga and Taurus. It was discovered in 1952 at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory by Grigory Shajn and his team using a Schmidt camera a... | discoverer or inventor | 110 | [
"discoverer",
"inventor",
"creator",
"pioneer",
"innovator"
] | null | null |
[
"Lion-man",
"location",
"Germany"
] | The Löwenmensch figurine, also called the Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel, is a prehistoric ivory sculpture discovered in Hohlenstein-Stadel, a German cave, in 1939. The German name, Löwenmensch, meaning "lion-person" or "lion-human", is used most frequently because it was discovered and is exhibited in Germany.
Determi... | location | 29 | [
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"Lion-man",
"time period",
"Upper Paleolithic"
] | The Löwenmensch figurine, also called the Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel, is a prehistoric ivory sculpture discovered in Hohlenstein-Stadel, a German cave, in 1939. The German name, Löwenmensch, meaning "lion-person" or "lion-human", is used most frequently because it was discovered and is exhibited in Germany.
Determi... | time period | 97 | [
"duration",
"period of time",
"timeframe",
"time interval",
"temporal period"
] | null | null |
[
"Lion-man",
"collection",
"Ulmer Museum"
] | The Löwenmensch figurine, also called the Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel, is a prehistoric ivory sculpture discovered in Hohlenstein-Stadel, a German cave, in 1939. The German name, Löwenmensch, meaning "lion-person" or "lion-human", is used most frequently because it was discovered and is exhibited in Germany.
Determi... | collection | 79 | [
"assemblage",
"accumulation",
"gathering",
"compilation",
"assortment"
] | null | null |
[
"Franchthi Cave",
"country",
"Greece"
] | Franchthi Cave or Frankhthi Cave (Greek: Σπήλαιον Φράγχθι) is an archaeological site overlooking Kiladha Bay, in the Argolic Gulf, opposite the village of Kiladha in southeastern Argolis, Greece.
Humans first occupied the cave during the Upper Paleolithic, appearing around 38,000 BC (and possibly earlier.) Groups cont... | country | 7 | [
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Franchthi Cave",
"instance of",
"cave"
] | Franchthi Cave or Frankhthi Cave (Greek: Σπήλαιον Φράγχθι) is an archaeological site overlooking Kiladha Bay, in the Argolic Gulf, opposite the village of Kiladha in southeastern Argolis, Greece.
Humans first occupied the cave during the Upper Paleolithic, appearing around 38,000 BC (and possibly earlier.) Groups cont... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Franchthi Cave",
"time period",
"Paleolithic"
] | Franchthi Cave or Frankhthi Cave (Greek: Σπήλαιον Φράγχθι) is an archaeological site overlooking Kiladha Bay, in the Argolic Gulf, opposite the village of Kiladha in southeastern Argolis, Greece.
Humans first occupied the cave during the Upper Paleolithic, appearing around 38,000 BC (and possibly earlier.) Groups cont... | time period | 97 | [
"duration",
"period of time",
"timeframe",
"time interval",
"temporal period"
] | null | null |
[
"Franchthi Cave",
"heritage designation",
"listed archaeological site in Greece"
] | Franchthi Cave or Frankhthi Cave (Greek: Σπήλαιον Φράγχθι) is an archaeological site overlooking Kiladha Bay, in the Argolic Gulf, opposite the village of Kiladha in southeastern Argolis, Greece.
Humans first occupied the cave during the Upper Paleolithic, appearing around 38,000 BC (and possibly earlier.) Groups cont... | heritage designation | 147 | [
"cultural heritage status",
"designation as a heritage site",
"listed status",
"official heritage recognition",
"heritage classification"
] | null | null |
[
"Franchthi Cave",
"instance of",
"archaeological site"
] | Franchthi Cave or Frankhthi Cave (Greek: Σπήλαιον Φράγχθι) is an archaeological site overlooking Kiladha Bay, in the Argolic Gulf, opposite the village of Kiladha in southeastern Argolis, Greece.
Humans first occupied the cave during the Upper Paleolithic, appearing around 38,000 BC (and possibly earlier.) Groups cont... | instance of | 5 | [
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"country",
"Spain"
] | The Cave of Altamira (; Spanish: Cueva de Altamira [ˈkweβa ðe altaˈmiɾa]) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands. The earliest pa... | country | 7 | [
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"location",
"Spain"
] | The Cave of Altamira (; Spanish: Cueva de Altamira [ˈkweβa ðe altaˈmiɾa]) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands. The earliest pa... | location | 29 | [
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"heritage designation",
"UNESCO World Heritage Site"
] | The Cave of Altamira (; Spanish: Cueva de Altamira [ˈkweβa ðe altaˈmiɾa]) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands. The earliest pa... | heritage designation | 147 | [
"cultural heritage status",
"designation as a heritage site",
"listed status",
"official heritage recognition",
"heritage classification"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"time period",
"Paleolithic"
] | The Cave of Altamira (; Spanish: Cueva de Altamira [ˈkweβa ðe altaˈmiɾa]) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands. The earliest pa... | time period | 97 | [
"duration",
"period of time",
"timeframe",
"time interval",
"temporal period"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"heritage designation",
"Bien de Interés Cultural"
] | The Cave of Altamira (; Spanish: Cueva de Altamira [ˈkweβa ðe altaˈmiɾa]) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands. The earliest pa... | heritage designation | 147 | [
"cultural heritage status",
"designation as a heritage site",
"listed status",
"official heritage recognition",
"heritage classification"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"time period",
"Magdalenian"
] | Description
The cave is approximately 1,000 m (3,300 ft) long and consists of a series of twisting passages and chambers. The main passage varies from two to six meters in height. The cave was formed through collapses following early karst phenomena in the calcareous rock of Mount Vispieres.
Archaeological excavations ... | time period | 97 | [
"duration",
"period of time",
"timeframe",
"time interval",
"temporal period"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"continent",
"Europe"
] | The Cave of Altamira (; Spanish: Cueva de Altamira [ˈkweβa ðe altaˈmiɾa]) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands. The earliest pa... | continent | 8 | [
"mainland",
"landmass",
"landform",
"mass",
"terra firma"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"part of",
"Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain"
] | The Cave of Altamira (; Spanish: Cueva de Altamira [ˈkweβa ðe altaˈmiɾa]) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands. The earliest pa... | part of | 15 | [
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"heritage designation",
"part of UNESCO World Heritage Site"
] | The Cave of Altamira (; Spanish: Cueva de Altamira [ˈkweβa ðe altaˈmiɾa]) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands. The earliest pa... | heritage designation | 147 | [
"cultural heritage status",
"designation as a heritage site",
"listed status",
"official heritage recognition",
"heritage classification"
] | null | null |
[
"Cave of Altamira",
"depicts",
"animal"
] | The Cave of Altamira (; Spanish: Cueva de Altamira [ˈkweβa ðe altaˈmiɾa]) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for prehistoric cave art featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands. The earliest pa... | depicts | 134 | [
"illustrates",
"portrays",
"represents",
"shows",
"exhibits"
] | null | null |
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