text stringlengths 1 160k | label class label 20
classes |
|---|---|
The amount of energy being spent on ONE LOUSY SYLLOGISM says volumes for the
true position of reason in this group.
--
C. Wingate + "The peace of God, it is no peace,
+ but strife closed in the sod.
mangoe@cs.umd.edu + Yet, brothers, pray for but one thing:
tove!mangoe + the marv'lous peace of God."
| 0alt.atheism |
2comp.os.ms-windows.misc | |
[Also posted in misc.forsale.wanted,misc.wanted,ne.wanted,ny.wanted,nj.wanted]
WANTED: Optical Shaft Encoders
Quantity 2
Single-ended
Incremental
Needed to encode the movements of a 16" Cassegrain telescope. The telescope
is in the observatory of the Univ. of Mass. at Boston. The project is being
managed by Mr. George Tucker, a graduate student at UMB. Please call him, or
email/call me, if you have one or two of the specified type of encoder. Of
course, due to our low funding level we are looking for a price that is
sufficiently lower than that given for new encoders. :)
George Tucker
617-965-3408
ME:
--
sugarman@cs.umb.edu | 6172876077 univ | 6177313637 home | Standard Disclaimer
Boston Massachusetts USA
| 14sci.space |
I have just a few quick questions. Does anyone here have a 486 DLC
system? (a Cyrix 486 DX) Any problems with it?
Second, how much should a Cyric 486DLC-33 motherboard (with
no RAM) run me?
3rd...Should a total amatuer (like myslef) be able to perform
a motherboard swap without the aid of a technician, or is it
beyond hope?
4th...I hear that some (if not all) hard drives may require reformatting
if you switch them to another computer (or motherboard as the case may
be). Is there any truth to this?
Any replies would be greatly appreciated.
| 3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware |
In article <1qndvd$jhn@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> da416@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Andy Nicola) writes:
>
>In a previous article, limagen@hpwala.wal.hp.com () says:
>
>>OK all you experts!
>>Need answer quick.386 machine ,1.44 floppy ; unable to write to a formated
>>720 disk.Machine claims that disk is write protected,but it is not.
>>
>>Note: It 'll read 720's with no problem.
>>
>>Please e_mail or post.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>If the disk is not an HD-type disk, i.e. with the extra hole in the case
>opposite the normal write protect hole, the drive will not write to the
>disk. You can punch a similar hole with whatever is handy or buy a small
>device, a square hole puncher, for about $19.95...see the back pages of
>computer shopper magazine for it.
>
>To be brief, make the hole any way you can or no writing!
>
>--
>Andy Nicola
>
Of course you should be able to write a DD 720Kb disk without
making any holes.
Stig
| 3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware |
Archive-name: x-faq/part3
Last-modified: 1993/04/04
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 58)! Where can I get patches to X11R5?
The release of new public patches by the MIT X Consortium is announced
in the comp.windows.x.announce newsgroup.
Patches themselves are available via ftp from export and from other
sites from which X11 is available. They are now also distributed through the
newsgroup comp.sources.x. Some source re-sellers may be including patches in
their source distributions of X11.
People without ftp access can use the xstuff mail server. It now has
23 patches for X11R5 [3/93]. Send to xstuff@expo.lcs.mit.edu the Subject line
send fixes #
where # is the name of the patch and is usually just the number of the patch.
Here are a few complications:
1) fix 5 is in four parts; you need to request "5a", "5b", "5c" and
"5d" separately
2) the file sunGX.uu, which was part of an earlier patch, was
re-released with patch 7 [note: the file doesn't work with Solaris]
3) fix 8 is in two parts: "8a" and "8b"
4) fix 13 is in three parts: "13a", "13b", and "13c"
5) fix 16 is in two parts: "16a" and "16b"
6) fix 18 replaces the R5fix-test1 for the X Test Suite, which
previously was optional
7) fix 19 also needs PEXlib.tar.Z, which you can obtain from xstuff
by asking for "PEXlib.uu.[1234]".
8) fix 22 is in 9 parts, "22a" through "22i"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 59) What is the xstuff mail-archive?
The xstuff server is a mail-response program. That means that you mail
it a request, and it mails back the response.
Any of the four possible commands must be the first word on a line. The
xstuff server reads your entire message before it does anything, so you can
have several different commands in a single message (unless you ask for help).
The xstuff server treats the "Subject:" header line just like any other line
of the message.
The archives are organized into a series of directories and
subdirectories. Each directory has an index, and each subdirectory has an
index. The top-level index gives you an overview of what is in the
subdirectories, and the index for each subdirectory tells you what is in it.
1) The command "help" or "send help" causes the server to send you a
more detailed version of this help file.
2) if your message contains a line whose first word is "index", then
the server will send you the top-level index of the contents of the archive. If
there are other words on that line that match the name of subdirectories, then
the indexes for those subdirectories are sent instead of the top-level index.
For example, you can say "send index fixes" (or "index fixes"). A message that
requests an index cannot request data.
3) if your message contains a line whose first word is "send", then the
xstuff server will send you the item(s) named on the rest of the line. To name
an item, you give its directory and its name. For example
send fixes 1 4 8a 8b 9
You may issue multiple send requests. The xstuff server contains many
safeguards to ensure that it is not monopolized by people asking for large
amounts of data. The mailer is set up so that it will send no more than a fixed
amount of data each day. If the work queue contains more requests than the
day's quota, then the unsent files will not be processed until the next day.
Whenever the mailer is run to send its day's quota, it sends the requests out
shortest-first.
4) Some mailers produce mail headers that are unusable for extracting
return addresses. If you use such a mailer, you won't get any response. If
you happen to know an explicit path, you can include a line like
path foo%bar.bitnet@mitvma.mit.edu
or
path bar!foo!frotz
in the body of your message, and the daemon will use it.
The xstuff server itself can be reached at xstuff@expo.lcs.mit.edu. If
your mailer deals in "!" notation, try sending to
{someplace}!mit-eddie!expo.lcs.mit.edu!xstuff.
[based on information from the MIT X Consortium, 8/89, 4/90.]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 60)! Where can I get X11R4 (source and binaries)?
Integrated Computer Solutions, Inc., ships X11R4 on half-inch,
quarter-inch, and TK50 formats. Call 617-621-0060 for ordering information.
The Free Software Foundation (617-876-3296) sells X11R4 on half-inch
tapes and on QIC-24 cartridges.
Yaser Doleh (doleh@math-cs.kent.EDU; P.O. Box 1301, Kent, OH 44240) is
making X11R4 available on HP format tapes, 16 track, and Sun cartridges. [2/90]
European sites can obtain a free X11R4 distribution from Jamie Watson,
who may be reached at chx400!pan!jw or jw@pan.uu.ch. [10/90]
Non Standard Logics (+33 (1) 43 36 77 50; requests@nsl.fr) makes source
available.
IXI Limited (+44 223 462 131) is selling X11R4 source on quarter-inch
cartridge formats and on 5.25" and 3.5" floppy, with other formats available on
request. [IXI, 2/90]
Virtual Technologies (703-430-9247) provides the entire X11R4
compressed source release on a single QIC-24 quarter-inch cartridge and also on
1.2meg or 1.44 meg floppies upon request. [Conor Cahill
(cpcahil@virtech.uu.net) 2/90]
Young Minds (714-335-1350) makes the R4 and GNU distributions available
on a full-text-indexed CD-ROM.
[Note that some distributions are media-only and do not include docs.]
X11R4 is ftp-able from export.lcs.mit.edu; these sites are preferable,
though, and are more direct:
Machine Internet FTP
Location Name Address Directory
-------- ------- -------- -------------
(1) West USA gatekeeper.dec.com 16.1.0.2 pub/X11/R4
Central USA mordred.cs.purdue.edu 128.10.2.2 pub/X11/R4
(2) Central USA giza.cis.ohio-state.edu 128.146.8.61 pub/X.V11R4
Southeast USA uunet.uu.net 192.48.96.2 X/R4
(3) Northeast USA crl.dec.com 192.58.206.2 pub/X11/R4
(4) UK Janet src.doc.ic.ac.uk 129.31.81.36 X.V11R4
UK niftp uk.ac.ic.doc.src <XV11R4>
(5) Australia munnari.oz.au 128.250.1.21 X.V11/R4
The giza.cis.ohio-state.edu site, in particular, is known to have much of the
contrib stuff that can be found on export.
The release is available to DEC Easynet sites as CRL::"/pub/X11/R4".
Sites in Australia may contact this address: ftp.Adelaide.EDU.AU [129.127.40.3]
and check the directory pub/X/R4. The machine shadows export and archives
comp.sources.x. (Mark Prior, mrp@ucs.adelaide.edu.au, 5/90)
Note: a much more complete list is distributed as part of the introductory
postings to comp.sources.x.
A set of X11R4 binaries built by Tom Roell (roell@informatik.tu-muenchen.de)
for the 386/ix will available from export.lcs.mit.edu in /contrib and in
/pub/i386/X11R4 from 131.159.8.35 in Europe. Stephen Hite
(shite@sinkhole.unf.edu) can also distribute to folks without ftp facilities
via disks sent SASE; contact him for USmail and shipping details. [12/90] In
addition, the binaries are available via uucp from szebra [1-408-739-1520, TB+
(PEP); ogin:nuucp sword:nuucp] in /usr2/xbbs/bbs/x. In addition, the source is
on zok in /usrX/i386.R4server/. [2/91] In addition, if you are in the US, the
latest SVR4 binary (April 15), patches, and fonts are available on
piggy.ucsb.edu (128.111.72.50) in the directory /pub/X386, same filenames as
above. (Please use after 6pm Pacific, as these are large files.) [5/91]
A set of HP 9000/800 binaries is available on hpcvaaz.cv.hp.com (15.255.72.15)
as ~ftp/pub/MitX11R4/libs.x800.Z. [2/91]
A set of X11R4 binaries for the NeXT 2.x have been made available by Howie Kaye
on cunixf.cc.columbia.edu
A set of binaries by John Coolidge (coolidge@cs.uiuc.edu) for the Mac running
A/UX 2.0 is available from wuarchive.wustl.edu in the file
(/archive/systems/aux/X11R4/Xupdate2.tar.Z). Also in X11R4/diffs is a set of
patches for making X11R4 with shared libraries with mkshlib.
A complete distribution of SCO X11R4 binaries by Baruch Cochavy
(blue@techunix.technion.ac.il) can be found on uunet. The server is Roell's
X386 1.1b, compiled for ET4000 based SVGA boards.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 61) Where can I get OSF/Motif?
You can obtain either OSF/Motif source or binaries from a number of
vendors.
Motif 1.2.2 source is now available; it is based on X11R5.
Motif 1.1 is based on the R4.18 Intrinsics and is currently [7/92] at
1.1.5.
An OSF/Motif source license must be obtained from OSF before source can
be obtained from the Open Software Foundation or any value-added vendor for
any version. Call the Direct Channels Desk at OSF at 617-621-7300 for ordering
information.
Various hardware vendors produce developer's toolkits of binaries,
header files, and documentation; check your hardware vendor, particularly if
that vendor is an OSF member.
In addition, independent binary vendors produce Motif toolkits for
machines for which Motif is not supported by a vendor; the kits include varied
levels of bug-fixing and support for shared libraries and are based on widely
divergent version of Motif:
Quest (408-988-8880) sells kits for Suns, as well;
IXI (+44 223 462 131) offers kits for Sun3 and Sun4.
NSL (+33 (1) 43 36 77 50; requests@nsl.fr) offers kits for the Sun 3
and Sun 4.
Bluestone Consulting makes a kit for Sun systems.
ICS (617-62-0060) makes several binary kits, notably for Sun, DEC.
HP and DEC have announced support for Motif on Sun systems.
Unipalm (+44-954-211-797) currently offers for Sun systems a Motif
Development Kit including X11R4 and based on Motif 1.1.2. The US distributor is
Expert Object Corp (708-926-8500).
BIM ships Motif 1.1 binaries for Suns. Shared library support is
included. Contact Alain Vermeiren (av@sunbim.be) or Danny Backx (db@sunbim.be)
at +32(2)759.59.25 (Fax : +32(2)759.47.95) (Belgium).
SILOGIC (+33 61.57.95.95) ships Motif 1.2 and Motif 1.1 on Sun
machines.
S.I. Systems offers Motif 1.2 for Solaris 2.1; info: 1-800-755-8649 in
USA and Canada.
Metro Link Inc. (305-970-7353, sales@metrolink.com; in Europe contact
ADNT, (33 1) 3956 5333, UniVision (UK) Ltd. (44) 628 82 22 81) ships an
implementation of X11R4 and Motif 1.1.2 (including a shared-library
implementation of libXm.a) for the 386/486 Unix market. Motif 1.1.2 is
also available for Sun Sparc based workstations. It has also announced
Motif 1.2 for Solaris systems.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 62) Does Motif work with X11R4? X11R5?
Motif 1.2 is based on X11R5.
Motif 1.1, available in source form from OSF as of August 1990, uses
the "vanilla" X11R4 Intrinsics, where "vanilla" means "with just a few
patches"; the file fix-osf which OSF distributes is obsoleted by MIT's patches
15-17. The file fix-osf-1.1.1 distributed with the 1.1.1 version or its
subsequent modification needs to be applied after MIT fix-18, though.
Motif 1.1.1 to 1.1.3 will work with X11R5 if X11R5 is compiled with
-DMOTIFBC; 1.1.4 and later should work with the vanilla R5, although there are
some known new geometry-management problems.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 63) Where can I get toolkits implementing OPEN LOOK?
Sun's XView has a SunView-style API. A version is on the X11R4 tape;
the latest [2/92] 3.0 sources are on export in contrib/xview3/.
XView and X binaries for the Sun 386i ("roadrunner") are available for
ftp from svin01.win.tue.nl (131.155.70.70), directory pub/X11R4_386i.
Supported binaries of XView 2.0 or 3.0 include:
XView for non-Sun Platforms (domestic and selected international vendors).
Several are also available from Sun; contact your local sales office.
Amiga GfxBase, Inc. 1881 Ellwell Drive
(AmigaDOS) (408) 262-1469 Milpitas, CA 95035
Fax: (408) 262-8276
SGI
Sony (NEWS-OS)
IBM RS/6000
HP 9000
DECstation UniPress Software 2025 Lincoln Highway
(Ultrix) (908) 985-8000 Edison, NJ 08817
Fax: (908) 287-4929
UniPress Software, Ltd. PO Box 70
44-624-661-8850 Viking House
Fax: 44-624-663-453 Nelson Street
Douglas, Isle of Man
United Kingdom
DEC VAXstation TGV 603 Mission Street
(VMS) (800) TGV-3440 Santa Cruz, CA 95060
(408) 427-4366
Fax: (408) 427-4365
Unipalm Ltd. 145-147 St. Neots Road
44-0954-211797 Hardwick
Fax: 44-0954-211244 Cambridge CB3 7QJ
England
Intel 386 Quarterdeck Office 150 Pico Boulevard
(DOS) Systems Santa Monica, CA 90405
(213) 392-9851
Fax: (213) 399-3802
Intel 386 SunSoft Corporation 6601 Center Drive West
(Interactive 310-348-8649 Suite 700
UNIX and Los Angeles, CA 90045
SCO UNIX)
Stardent Scripps Institute Clinic MB-5
(Stellix OS Fax: (619) 554-4485 10666 N. Torrey Pines Road
and Titan OS) Include mailstop MB-5 La Jolla, CA 92057
By ftp: 192.42.82.8 in pub/binary/{Xview.README,XView.tar.Z}
AT&T's OPEN LOOK GUI 3.0 Xt-based toolkit is now generally available
[2/92]; contact 1-800-828-UNIX#544 for information. Binaries are produced
for SPARC systems by International Quest Corporation (408-988-8289). A version
of the toolkit is also produced under the name OLIT by Sun.
More recent versions of OLIT have been ported to IBM 6000 and DEC MIPS
by both UniPress and ICS. OLIT is also available for HP from Melillo Consulting
(908-873-0075). MJM (Somerset, NJ) makes OLIT 4.0 for HP 7xx series running
HPUX 8.0, DECstations, and RS/6000s [thanks to Joanne Newbauer,
jo@attunix.att.com, 908-522-6677.]
Sun is shipping OpenWindows 3.0; contact your local sales
representative for more details; the package includes toolkit binaries and
header files.
ParcPlace's (formerly Solbourne's) extensible C++-based Object
Interface Library, which supports run-time selection between Open Look or
Motif, is available from 303-678-4626. [5/92]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 64)! Where can I get other X sources? (including R5 modifications)
The MIT Software Center ships the X Test Suite on tape.
A multi-threaded version of Xlib based on X11R5 patch 12 is now
available for anonymous FTP from (new version 1/93):
DEC on gatekeeper.dec.com (16.1.0.2) in /pub/X11/contrib/mt-xlib-1.1
MIT on export.lcs.mit.edu (18.24.0.12) in /contrib/mt-xlib-1.1
HP has made available drivers to permit the building of the X11R5
sample server on the HP 9000 Series 700 workstations; the files are on
export.lcs.mit.edu in ~ftp/contrib/R5.HP.SRV. [8/92]
User-contributed software is distributed through the newsgroup
comp.sources.x, moderated by Chris Olson (chris@imd.sterling.com); also check
that group for posting information.
Richard Hesketh (rlh2@ukc.ac.uk) has been creating a list of freely-
available X sources. The list is stored on export.lcs.mit.edu in contrib as
x-source-list.Z. It lists the main storage locations for the program and
international sites from which it may be ftp'ed.
The machine export.lcs.mit.edu has a great deal of user-contributed
software in the contrib/ directory; a good deal of it is present in current or
earlier versions on the X11R3, X11R4, and X11R5 contrib tapes. There are also
directories for fixes to contrib software. The file on export in
contrib/00-index.txt is a quick overall index of the software in that area,
provided by Daniel Lewart (d-lewart@uiuc.edu).
These sites used to and may still mirror export and are of particular
use for Australasia: Anonymous ftp: ftp.Adelaide.EDU.AU; ACSnet Fetchfile:
sirius.ua.oz.
The material on giza.cis.ohio-state.edu, which tends to duplicate
the export archives, is also available via anonymous UUCP from osu-cis, at TB+
and V.32 speeds. Write to uucp@cis.ohio-state.edu (same as osu-cis!uucp) for
instructions. [the archive is now maintained by Karl Kleinpaste]
A new west-coast UUCP X11 Archive is administered by Mark Snitily
(mark@zok.uucp) and contains the full X11 distribution, the XTEST
distribution, an entire archive of comp.sources.x and other goodies.
The machine zok has a TB+ modem which will connect to 19.2K, 2400,
1200 baud (in that order). The anonymous UUCP account is UXarch with password
Xgoodies. The modem's phone number is 408-996-8285.
A sample Systems (or L.sys) entry might be:
zok Any ACU 19200 4089968285 in:--in: UXarch word: Xgoodies
To get a current listing of the files that are available, download
the file "/usrX/ls-lR.Z".
A full subject index of the comp.sources.x files is available in the
file "/usrX/comp.sources.x/INDEX".
The machine has just the one modem, so please do not fetch large
amounts of data at one sitting.
[courtesy Mark Snitily, 2/90]
In addition, UUNET Source Archives (703-876-5050) tracks comp.sources.x and
provides 800MB+ of compressed programs on 6250 bpi tapes or 1/4" tapes. It
also mirrors export/contrib in its packages/X directory.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 65)! Where can I get interesting widgets?
The Free Widget Foundation (FWF) library sponsored by Brian Totty
(totty@cs.uiuc.edu) is now [2/93] available on a.cs.uiuc.edu (128.174.252.1)
in pub/fwf-v3.41.shar.Z. The set of widgets there is intended to form the basis
for future contributions. To be added to the discussion list, send to
listserv@cs.uiuc.edu a message saying "subscribe <listname> <your-full-name>"
where <listname> is one of free-widgets-announce, free-widgets-development, or
free-widgets-bugs. Version 3.4 is current; look for 4.0 in 4/93.
The Xew widget set contains widgets for data representation. Version
1.2 [4/93] is on export contrib/Xew-1.2.tar.Z.
Peter Ware's Xo "Open Widget" set, which has Motif-like functionality,
is on archive.cis.ohio-state.edu as pub/Xo/Xo-2.1.tar.Z [8/92].
The AthenaTools Plotter Widget Set Version 6-beta [7/92] maintained by
Peter Klingebiel (klin@iat.uni-paderborn.de) includes many graph and plotting
widgets; a copy is on export in plotter.v6b.tar.Z, plotter.doc.tar.Z,
plotter.afm.tar.Z, and plotter.README. The latest versions may in fact be on
ftp@uni-paderborn.de (131.234.2.32) in /unix/tools.
An advance version of Marc Quinton's Motif port of the FWF MultiList
widget is in ftp.stna7.stna.dgac.fr:pub/MultiList.tar.Z [143.196.9.31].
Additional widgets are available on the contrib/ portion of the X11R4
tapes; these include the Xcu set.
Paul Johnston's (johnston@spc5.jpl.nasa.gov) X Control Panel widget set
emulates hardware counterparts; sources are on export.lcs.mit.edu in
Xc-1.3.tar.Z.
O'Reilly Volume 4, Doug Young's book, the Asente/Swick book, and Jerry
Smith's "Object-oriented Programming with the X Window System Toolkits" all
include details on writing widgets and include several useful widgets; sources
are typically on export and/or UUNET.
The Dirt interface builder includes the libXukc widet set which extends
the functionality of Xaw.
A graph widget and other 2D-plot and 3D-contour widgets by Sundar
Narasimhan (sundar@ai.mit.edu) are available from ftp.ai.mit.edu as
/com/ftp/pub/users/sundar/graph.tar.Z. The graph widget has been updated [3/91]
with documentation and histogram capabilities.
A graph widget is available from ftp.stna7.stna.dgac.fr in
pub/Graph.tar.Z; it uses a segment list for drawing and hence supports a zoom
operation.
Ken Lee's Xm widget (demo) that uses Display PostScript to draw labels
at a non-horizontal angle is on export in contrib/dpslabel.tar.Z.
The Table widget (works like troff TBL tables) is available in several
flavors, one of which is with the Widget Creation Library release.
Bell Communications Research has developed a Matrix widget for complex
application layouts; it's on export in contrib/Xbae-widgets-3.8.tar.Z [2/93.
The distribution also includes a "caption" widget to associate labels with
particular GUI components. (7/92)
Dan Connolly's (connolly@convex.COM) XcRichText interprets RTF data;
it's on export as contrib/XcRichText-1.1.tar.Z.
The XmGraph Motif-based graphing widget is on iworks.ecn.uiowa.edu in
/comp.hp/GUI_classic/XmGraph.tar.Z although it may not be stable.
A TeX-style Layout widget by Keith Packard is described in the
proceedings of the 7th MIT Technical Conference (O'Reilly X Resource volume 5);
source is available on export contrib/Layout.tar.Z.
A version of Lee Iverson's (leei@McRCIM.McGill.EDU) image-viewing tool
is available as contrib/vimage-0.9.3.tar.Z on export.lcs.mit.edu. The package
also includes an ImageViewPort widget and a FileDialog widget. [12/91;5/92]
In addition, the PEXt toolkit by Rich Thomson (rthomson@dsd.es.com) is
available on export as PEXt.tar.Z; it includes a PEX widget making it easier to
use PEX in Xt-based programs.
A Motif port of the Xaw clock widget is in ftp.stna7.stna.dgac.fr
in pub/Clock.tar.Z.
A modification of the Xaw ScrollBar widget which supports the arrowhead
style of other toolkits is on export in contrib/Xaw.Scrollbar.mta.Z.
A beta 0.3 (11/92) release of the R5 Xaw widgets with a 3D visual
appearance by Kaleb Keithley (kaleb@thyme.jpl.nasa.gov) is available on export
in contrib/Xaw3d/R5/Xaw3d-0.3.tar.Z. The library, which is binary-compatible
with the MIT Xaw, implements a 3D subclass which handles the extra drawing.
Also:
The Xmt "Motif Tools", Dovetail Systems's shareware library of 9
widgets and many convenience functions, is available from
export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib and ftp.ora.com:/pub/xbook/Xmt in xmt-README and
xmt-1.0.tar.Z.
The Xtra XWidgets set includes widgets for pie and bar charts, XY
plots, Help, spreadsheets, data entry forms, and line and bar graphs. Contact
Graphical Software Technology at 310-328-9338 (info@gst.com) for information.
The XRT/graph widget, available for Motif, XView and OLIT, displays
X-Y plots, bar and pie charts, and supports user-feedback, fast updates and
PostScript output. Contact KL Group Inc. at 416-594-1026 (info@klg.com).
A set of data-entry widgets for Motif is available from Marlan
Software, 713-467-1458 (gwg@world.std.com).
A set of graph widgets is available from Expert Database Systems
(212-370-6700).
A set of OSF/Motif compound widgets and support routines for 2D
visualization is available from Ms Quek Lee Hian, National Computer Board,
Republic of Singapore; Tel : (65)7720435; Fax : (65)7795966;
leehian@iti.gov.sg, leehian@itivax.bitnet.
The ICS Widget Databook includes a variety of control widgets and
special-purpose widgets, available on a variety of platforms. Information:
617-621-0060, info@ics.com.
Information on graphing tools may be obtained from info@TomSawyer.com
(+1-510-848-0853, fax: +1-510-848-0854).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 66) Where can I get a good file-selector widget?
The Free Widget Foundation set offers a FileSelector widget, with
separate directory path and file listing windows, and the FileComplete, which
has emacs-style file completion and ~ expansion.
Other available file-requestor widgets include the XiFileSelector from
Iris Software's book, the xdbx file-selector extracted by David Nedde
(daven@wpi.wpi.edu), and the FileNominator from the aXe distribution.
The GhostView, Xfig, and vimage packages also include file-selector
widgets.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 67) What widget is appropriate to use as a drawing canvas?
Some widget sets have a widget particularly for this purpose -- a
WorkSpace or DrawingArea which doesn't display anything but lets your Xt
application know when it has been re-exposed, resized, and when it has received
user key and mouse input.
The best thing to do for other widget sets -- including the Athena set
-- is to create or obtain such a widget; this is preferable to drawing into a
core widget and grabbing events with XtAddEventHandler(), which loses a number
of benefits of Xt and encapsulation of the functionality .
At least one version has been posted to comp.sources.x (name???).
The publicly-available programs xball and xpic include other versions.
The Athena Widget manual (mit/doc/Xaw/Template in the R5 distribution)
includes a tutorial and source code to a simple widget which is suitable for
use.
The Free Widget Foundation set contains a Canvas widget.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 68) What is the current state of the world in X terminals?
Jim Morton (jim@applix.com) posts quarterly to comp.windows.x a list of
manufacturers and terminals; it includes pricing information.
Notable buyers-guide surveys include:
- the September 1991 issue of Systems Integration
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 69) Where can I get an X server with a touchscreen or lightpen?
Labtam (+61 3 587 1444, fax +61 3 580 5581) offers a 19" Surface
Acoustic Wave touch-screen option on its Xengine terminals.
Tektronix (1-800-225-5434) provides an X terminal with the Xtouch
touch-screen. This terminal may also be resold through Trident Systems
(703-273-1012).
Metro Link (305-970-7353) supports the EloGraphics Serial Touch Screen
Controllers.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 70) Where can I get an X server on a PC (DOS or Unix)?
MIT X11R5 already provides a server to many 386/486 *Unixes* with
support for many of the popular video graphics adapters; and for other
non-MSDOS PCs you can obtain a server from these sources:
XFree86 (formerly X386 1.2E) is an enhanced version of X386 1.2, which
was distributed with X11R5; it includes many bug fixes, speed improvements, and
other enhancements. Source for version 1.2 [2/93] is on export.lcs.mit.edu in
pub/contrib, ftp.physics.su.oz.au in /X386, and ftp.win.tue.nl in /pub/X386. In
addition, binaries are on ftp.physics.su.oz.au, and ftp.win.tue.nl among other
systems. Info: x386@physics.su.oz.au.
Note: this package obsoletes Glenn Lai's Speedup patches for an
enhanced X11R5 server for 386 UNIXes with ET4000 boards (SpeedUp.tar.Z on
export).
Metro Link Inc. (305-970-7353, sales@metrolink.com; in Europe contact
ADNT, (33 1) 3956 5333) ships an implementation of X11R4 for the 386/486 Unix
market.
SGCS offers X386 Version 1.3, based on Thomas Roell's X11R5 two-headed
server, in binary and source form. Information: 408-255-9665, info@sgcs.com.
ISC, SCO, UHC, and other well-known operating-system vendors typically
offer X servers.
For MSDOS PCs:
Daniel J. McCoy (mccoy@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov) has started posting monthly a
list of non-UNIX servers for PCs, Macs, and Amigas; it includes pricing
information. The current copy is kept on export in contrib as
XServers-NonUNIX.txt.Z.
An article on PC X servers appears in the March 2, 1992 Open Systems Today.
Also of possible use:
Net-I from Programit (212-809-1707) enables communication among
DOS, OS/2 and Unix machines and can be used to display PC sessions on your
Unix X display.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 71) Where can I get an X server on a Macintosh running MacOS?
eXodus from White Pine Software (603-886-9050) runs on any Mac with
at least 1MB of memory and runs the X server within a standard Macintosh
window. Version 3.0 [6/91] supports intermixing of X and Mac windows and
the ADSP protocol. The version supports the SHAPE extension and includes
DECwindows support.
Apple's MacX runs on MacPlus or newer machines with >= 2MB of memory
and system software 6.0.4 or later. Version 1.1 is fully X11R4-based. It
supports full ICCCM-compatible cut and paste of text AND graphics between the
Macintosh and X11 worlds, the SHAPE extension (including SHAPEd windows on the
Macintosh desktop), an optional built-in ICCCM-compliant window manager, X11R4
fonts and colors, a built-in BDF font compiler, and built-in standard
colormaps. Upgrades to MacX are available by ftp from aux.support.apple.com.
Info: 408-996-1010.
[Note: MacX is also the name of a vax-mac xmodem transfer utility.]
Also:
Liken (1-800-245-UNIX or info@qualix.com) software enables monochrome
68000 Mac applications to run on a SPARC system running X.
Xport (1-800-245-UNIX (415-572-0200) or xport@qualix.com) enables Mac
applications to display on an X-based workstation by turning the Mac into an X
client.
Intercon has a product called Planet-X which enables Mac applications
to display on an X server.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 72) Where can I get X for the Amiga?
The new Amiga 3000 machines offer an X server and OPEN LOOK tools and
libraries on a full SVR4 implementation.
GfxBase, Inc. provides "X11 R4.1" for the AmigaDos computer; it
contains X11R4 clients, fonts, etc., and a Release 4 color server. An optional
programmer's toolkit includes the header files, libraries, and sample programs.
Info from GfxBase, 408-262-1469. [Dale Luck
(uunet!{cbmvax|pyramid}!boing!dale); 2/91]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 73) Where can I get a fast X server for a workstation?
The R5 server should be among the fastest available for most machines.
Sun sells a "Direct Xlib" product which improves rendering for
applications running on the same machine as the X server; the replacement Xlib
library accesses graphics hardware directly using Sun's Direct Graphics Access
(DGA) technology.
International Quest Corporation (408-988-8289) has an optimized R4
server for Sun3/4 under SunOS 4.0.
Unipalm have R4 Servers for Sun3 and Sparc platforms. These are
optimised to use graphics hardware and will run with Sunview. Information:
+44 954 211797 or xtech@unipalm.co.uk.
Xgraph's Xtool (408-492-9031) is an X server implemented in SunView
which boasts impressive results on Sun 3 and SPARC systems. [6/90]
Several companies are making hardware accellerator boards:
Dupont Pixel Systems (302-992-6911), for Sun.
Megatek's (619-455-5590) X-cellerator board for the Sun 3 and Sun 4 is
based on the TI 34020; the company claims performance improvements of 5x to
10x over the sample X11R3 server.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 74)! Where can I get a server for my high-end Sun graphics board?
Takahashi Naoto (Electrotechnical Laboratory, ntakahas@etl.go.jp) has
modified the MIT X11R5 server to support the Sun CG8, CG9, and CG12 boards.
The files are on export in contrib/Xsun24-3.[01].tar.Z. Note that both files
are necessary to build Xsun24-3.1.
The JPL R5 Xsun Multi-screen server is a general purpose replacement
for the MIT server/ddx/sun layer; it provides for the screen to be split among
several monitors and implements several other features above the MIT
implementation. Available on export.lcs.mit.edu in the file
contrib/R5.Xsun.multi-screen.tar.Z. [Kaleb Keithley, kaleb@thyme.jpl.nasa.gov,
12/91; the file was updated 24 Mar 1993.]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 75) Where can I get an "X terminal" server for my low-end Sun 3/50?
Seth Robertson (seth@ctr.columbia.edu) has written Xkernel; the current
version [1.4 as of 8/91, 2.0 expected RSN] is on sol.ctr.columbia.edu
[128.59.64.40] in /pub/Xkernel.gamma. It turns a Sun 3/50 into a pseudo- X
terminal; most of the overhead of the operating system is side-stepped, so it
is fairly fast and needs little disk space.
A similar approach is to run the regular X server by making /etc/init
a shell script which does the minimal setup and then invokes Xsun, like this
example script from mouse@larry.mcrcim.mcgill.EDU:
#! /bin/sh
exec >/dev/console 2>&1
/etc/fsck -p /dev/nd0
case $? in
0) ;;
4) /etc/reboot -q -n
;;
8) echo ND fsck failed - get help
/etc/halt
;;
12) echo Interrupted
/etc/reboot
;;
*) echo Unknown error in reboot fsck - get help
/etc/halt
;;
esac
/bin/dd if=/tmp-fs of=/dev/nd2 bs=512 count=128 >/dev/null 2>&1
/etc/mount /dev/nd2 /tmp
/etc/ifconfig le0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 132.206.41.255
/etc/mount -o ro apollo:/u2/x11/lib /local/lib/X11
/etc/route add default 132.206.41.1 1 >/dev/null
set `/etc/ifconfig le0`
exec /Xsun -once -multidisp -mux -query \
`(sh -vn </local/lib/X11/xdm-servers/$2 2>&1)`
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 76) What terminal emulators other than xterm are available?
PCS has rewritten xterm from scratch using a multi-widget approach that
can be used by applications. A version is on the R5 contrib tape and on
export in contrib/emu.tar.Z [10/91]. For more information, contact
me@dude.pcs.com.
mxterm, a Motif-based xterm is available from the Paderborner
ftp-Server ftp@uni-paderborn.de (131.234.2.32), file
/unix/X11/more_contrib/mxterm.tar.Z.
The Color Terminal Widget provides ANSI-terminal emulation compatible
with the VTx00 series; a version is on export in contrib/CTW-1.1.tar.Z. A
Motif version is on ftp.stna7.stna.dgac.fr in pub/Term-1.0.tar.Z.
kterm 4.1.2 is an X11R4-based vt100/vt102 (and Tektronix 4014) terminal
emulator that supports display of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean text (in VT
mode). Also supported are: ANSI color sequences, multi-byte word selection,
limited Compound Text support, and tab and newline preservation in selections.
kterm 4.1.2 is also available from these anonymous ftp sites:
clr.nmsu.edu:pub/misc/kterm-4.1.2.tar.Z [128.123.1.14]
export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/kterm-4.1.2.tar.Z [18.24.0.12]
kum.kaist.ac.kr:pub/unix/Xstuffs/kterm-4.1.2.tar.Z [137.68.1.65]
[courtesy of Mark Leisher <mleisher@nmsu.edu> ]
kterm-5.1.1.tar.Z is now on export [12/92].
mterm, by mouse@larry.McRCIM.McGill.EDU, is an X terminal emulator
which includes ANSI X3.64 and DEC emulation modes. mterm can be had by ftp to
larry.mcrcim.mcgill.edu (132.206.1.1), in X/mterm.src/mterm.ball-o-wax.
Cxterm is a Chinese xterm, which supports both GB2312-1980 and the
so-called Big-5 encoding. Hanzi input conversion mechanism is builtin in
cxterm. Most input methods are stored in external files that are loaded at run
time. Users can redefine any existing input methods or create their own ones.
The X11R5 cxterm is the rewritten of cxterm (version 11.5.1) based on X11R5
xterm; it is in the R5 contrib software. [thanks to Zhou Ning
<zhou@tele.unit.no> and Steinar Bang <uunet!idt.unit.no!steinarb>.]
XVT is available on export's contrib in xvt-1.0.tar.Z and
xvt-1.0.README. It is designed to offer xterm's functionality with lower swap
space and may be of particular use on systems driving many X terminals.
x3270 is in X11R5 contrib/.
Also:
IBM sells a 3270 emulator for the RS/6000 (part #5765-011); it's based
on Motif.
Century Software (801-268-3088) sells a VT220 terminal emulator for X.
VT102, Wyse 50 and SCO Color Console emulation are also available.
Grafpoint's TGRAF-X provides emulation of Tektronix 4107, 4125, and
42xx graphics terminals; it's available for most major platforms. Information
(inc. free demo copies): 800-426-2230; Fax. 408-446-0666; uunet!grafpnt!sales.
IXI's X.deskterm, a package for integrating character-based
applications into an X environment, includes a number of terminal-emulation
modules. Information: +44 (0223) 462131. [5/90]
Pericom produces Teem-X, a set of several emulation packages for a
number of Tek, DEC, Westward, and Data General terminals. The software runs on
Sun 3, Sun 4, Apollo, DEC, ISC, IBM/AIX. Information: US: 609-895-0404,
UK: +44 (0908) 560022. [5/90]
SCO's SCOterm (info@sco.COM), part of its Open Desktop environment, is
a Motif-compliant SCO ANSI color console emulator.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 77)! Where can I get an X-based editor or word-processor?
You can ftp a version of GNU Emacs, the extensible, customizable,
self-documenting, real-time display editor, including X11 support, from
prep.ai.mit.edu [18.71.0.38]:/pub/gnu/emacs-18.59.tar.Z or
informatik.tu-muenchen.de:/pub/GNU/emacs/emacs-18.59.tar.Z.
Epoch is a modified version of Gnu Emacs (18) with additional
facilities useful in an X environment. Current sources are on cs.uiuc.edu
(128.174.252.1) in ~ftp/pub/epoch-files/epoch; the current [3/92] version is
4.0. [In Europe, try unido.informatik.uni-dortmund.de]. There are two
subdirectories: epoch contains the epoch source, and gwm contains the source
to the programmable window manager GWM, with which epoch works well.]
You can get on the Epoch mailing list by sending a request to
epoch-request@cs.uiuc.edu.
Lucid Emacs is a version of GNU Emacs derived from an early version of
Emacs version 19. It currently requires X Windows to run; X support is
greatly enhanced over GNU Emacs version 18, including support for multiple X
windows, input and display of all ISO-8859-1 (Latin1) characters, Zmacs/Lispm
style region highlighting, a customizable Motif-like menubar, more powerful
keymap support, flexible text attributes, support on regional and screen-local
basis through X resources and/or lisp, and support for the X11 selection
mechanism. Lucid Emacs is free; the latest version (2/93) is 19.4, and is
available from labrea.stanford.edu in the pub/gnu/lucid/ directory.
The Andrew system on the X11 contrib tapes has been described as one of
the best word-processing packages available. It supports word processing with
multi-media embedded objects: rasters, tables/spread sheets, drawings, style
editor, application builder, embedded programming language, &c. Release 5.1
became available 2 June 92. [Fred Hansen (wjh+@ANDREW.CMU.EDU)]
You may be able to use the Remote Andrew Demo service to try this
software; try "finger help@atk.itc.cmu.edu" for help.
The InterViews C++ toolkit contains a WYSIWIG editor called Doc; it
saves and loads files in a LaTeX-*like* format (not quite LaTeX). The package
can also import idraw-PostScript drawings.
A simple editor aXe (by J.K.Wight@newcastle.ac.uk) is available on
export and arjuna.newcastle.ac.uk (128.240.150.1) as aXe-4.1.tar.Z [3/93]. It
is based around the Xaw Text widget.
TED is a simple Motif-based text editor; it is a wrapper around the
Motif text widget which offers search/replace, paragraph formatting, and
navigation features. TED is available from ftp.eos.ncsu.edu (152.1.9.25) as
/pub/bill.tar.Z; here are also executables there.
Point, by crowley@unmvax.cs.unm.edu (Charlie Crowley), is Tcl/Tk-based
and offers dyanimic configuration and programming in the Tcl macro language.
The editor is available from unmvax.cs.unm.edu (129.24.16.1) as
pub/Point/point1.1-tar.Z.
asedit, by Andrzej Stochniol (astoch@ic.ac.uk) is on export in
contrib/asedit.tar.Z. It is a simple text editor built around the Motif Text
widget. Version 1.11 was released 1/93.
Also:
Elan Computer Group (Mountain View, CA; 415-964-2200) has announced the
Avalon Publisher 2.0, an X11/OPEN LOOK WYSIWYG electronic publishing system.
FrameMaker and FrameWriter are available as X-based binary products for
several machines. Frame is at 800-843-7263 (CA: 408-433-3311).
WX2 (formerly InDepthEdit) is available from Non Standard Logics
(+33 (1) 43 36 77 50; requests@nsl.fr).
Buzzwords International Inc. has an editor called 'Professional Edit'
that runs under X/Motif for various platforms. Info: +1-314-334-6317.
DECwrite is available from DEC for some DEC hardware and SunWrite is
available from Sun.
IslandWrite will soon be available from Island Graphics (415-491-1000)
(info@island.com) for some HP & Apollo platforms.
Interleaf is currently available from Interleaf (800-241-7700,
MA: 617-577-9800) on all Sun and DEC platforms; others are under development.
The Aster*x office integration tools from Applix (1-800-8APPLIX,
MA: 508-870-0300) include a multi-font WYSIWG document composer; for several
systems.
ArborText, Inc. provides an X11 version of its Electronic Publishing
program called "The Publisher". The Publisher is available on Sun, HP and
Apollo workstations. Contact Arbortext at 313-996-3566. [5/90]
Iris Computing Laboratories offers the "ie" editor. Info:
+1-505-988-2670 or info@spectro.com.
BBN/Slate from BBN Software Products includes a menu-driven word
processor with multiple fonts and style sheets. It supports X on
multiple platforms. (617-873-5000 or slate-offer@bbn.com) [11/90]
The powerful "sam" editor by Rob Pike is split into a host portion and
a front-end graphics portion, which now has an X implementation. sam is now
available by anonymous ftp from research.att.com, in dist/sam/bundle.Z. Watch
that space for updated versions. There is a mailing list for sam users;
requests to <sam-fans-request@hawkwind.utcs.toronto.edu>. A set of extensions
which augment the mouse activity with the keyboard is available from
uxc.cso.uiuc.edu in pub/sam/samx1.0.shar.
Innovative Solutions (505-883-4252; or Brian Zimbelman,
is!brian@bbx.basis.com) publishes the user-configurable Motif-based Xamine
editor.
Qualix offers a product. Information: info@qualix.com or 800-245-UNIX
(415-572-0200).
Typex is a Motif-based editor available for several systems.
Information: Amcad Research, 408-867-5705, fax -6209.
WordPerfect offers an X-based version of WordPerfect 5.1 for several
workstations. Information: 801-222-5300 or 800-451-5151.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 78) Where can I get an X-based mailer?
xmh, an X interface to mh, is distributed with the X11 release.
Xmail is an X-based window interface to Berkeley-style mail handlers;
it is styled primarily after the Sunview mailtool application and builds on
most Unix systems. The current release [1/92] is 1.4, available in the MIT
X11R5 contrib tape and from export and uunet. Info: Jeff Markham,
markham@cadence.com.
MMH (My Mail Handler), a motif interface to the MH mail handler, is
available from ftp.eos.ncsu.edu (152.1.9.25) in pub/bill.tar.Z; it is bundled
with the TED editor, which it uses for composing messages. Motif 1.1 is
required; if you don't have it, look for DEC and SPARC executables in the same
place. Information and problems to: Erik Scott, escott@eos.ncsu.edu. [1/92]
The Andrew Toolkit supports the Andrew Message System; it is available
from export and many other X archives and from emsworth.andrew.cmu.edu
(128.2.30.62), or send email to susan+@andrew.cmu.edu. Release 5.1 became
available 2 June 92.
You may be able to use the Remote Andrew Demo service to try this
software; try "finger help@atk.itc.cmu.edu" for help.
XMailTool is an Xaw-based interface to a BSD-style mail reader; version
2.0 was released 9/92. Information: Bob Kierski, bobo@cray.com or 612-683-5874.
Cem is a Motif-based mailer using standard mailbox formats; it is on
nelson.tx.ncsu.edu in pub/Cem. Information: Sam Moore (Sam_Moore@ncsu.edu).
Also:
Alfalfa Software offers Poste, a UNIX-based mailer that has Motif- and
command-based interfaces. It includes support for multimedia enclosures, and
supports both the Internet and X.400 mail standards. Information:
info@alfalfa.com, +1 617-497-2922.
Z-Code Software offers Z-Mail for most Unix systems; binaries support
both tty and Motif interfaces. The mailer includes a csh-like scripting
language for customizing and extending mail capabilities. Information:
info@z-code.com, +1 415 499-8649.
Several vendors' systems include X-based mailers. DEC offers dxmail;
Sun offers an X-based mailtool; SCO (info@sco.com) includes SCOmail in its Open
Desktop product.
Several integrated office-productivity tools include mailers:
The Aster*x office integration tools from Applix (1-800-8APPLIX,
MA: 508-870-0300) include a mailer.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 79)! Where can I get an X-based paint/draw program?
xpic is an object-oriented drawing program. It supports multiple font
styles and sizes and variable line widths; there are no rotations or zooms.
xpic is quite suitable as an interactive front-end to pic, though the
xpic-format produced can be converted into PostScript. (The latest version is
on the R4 contrib tape in clients/xpic.)
xfig (by Brian V. Smith (bvsmith@lbl.gov)) is an object-oriented
drawing program supporting compound objects. The xfig format can be converted
to PostScript or other formats. Recent versions are on the R5 contrib tape or
on export in /contrib/R5fixes (version 2.1.6 [11/92]).
idraw supports numerous fonts and various line styles and arbitrary
rotations. It supports zoom and scroll and color draws and fills. The file
format is a PostScript dialect. It can import TIFF files. Distributed as a part
of the InterViews C++ toolkit (current release 3.1, from
interviews.stanford.edu) .
A version of Robert Forsman's (thoth@lightning.cis.ufl.edu) xscribble,
an 8-bit paint program for X, is now on ftp.cis.ufl.edu in pub/thoth/. [2/93]
xpaint is available from ftp.ee.lbl.gov as xpaint.tar.Z.
A rewrite, Xpaint 2.0, by David Koblas (koblas@netcom.com) was released
2/93 as xpaint2pl3.tar.Z. xpaint is a bitmap/pixmap editing tool.
A new OpenWindows PostScript-based graphical editor named 'ice' is now
[2/91] available for anonymous ftp from Internet host lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu
(129.236.10.30). ice (Image Composition Environment) is an imaging tool that
allows raster images to be combined with a wide variety of PostScript
annotations in WYSIWYG fashion via X11 imaging routines and NeWS PostScript
rasterizing. (It may require OpenWindows and Sun C++ 2.0.)
tgif by William Cheng (william@oahu.cs.ucla.edu) is available from most
uucp sites and also from export and from cs.ucla.edu. It is frequently updated;
version 2.12-patch18 was released 3/93.
The "pixmap" program (info: colas@sa.inria.fr) for creating pixmaps is
on the R5 contrib tape; it resembles the bitmap client. Version 2.1 is now
available. [11/92]
Although MetaCard is not generally classified as a paint program, a
full 24-bit color image editor is built into the program, which can be used for
light image editing and for producing color icons (info@metacard.com). MetaCard
is available via anonymous FTP from ftp.metacard.com, csn.org, or
128.138.213.21.
pixt by J. Michael Flanery produces XPM output.
Also:
dxpaint is a bitmap-oriented drawing program most like MacPaint; it's
good for use by artists but commonly held to be bad for drawing figures or
drafting. dxpaint is part of DEC's Ultrix release.
FrameMaker has some draw capabilities. [4/90]
BBN/Slate from BBN Software Products includes a full-featured draw and
paint program with object grouping and multiple patterns; multiple X platforms.
(617-873-5000 or slate-offer@bbn.com). [11/90]
Dux Ta-Dah!, 1-800-543-4999
IslandGraphics offers IslandDraw, IslandPaint, IslandPresent.
Info: 415-491-1000.
Corel Draw, 613-728-8200; ported to X by Prior Data Sciences
800-267-2626
Arts&Letters Composer, 214-661-8960
Ficor AutoGraph, 513-771-4466
OpenWindows includes the olpixmap editor.
SCO ODT includes the SCOpaint editor.
HP VUE includes the vueicon editor.
Several integrated office-productivity tools include draw/paint capabilities:
The Aster*x office integration tools from Applix (1-800-8APPLIX,
MA: 508-870-0300) include draw/paint capabilities.
[thanks in part to Stephen J. Byers (af997@cobcs1.cummins.com) and to
J. Daniel Smith (dsmith@ann-arbor.applicon.slb.com)]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
David B. Lewis faq%craft@uunet.uu.net
"Just the FAQs, ma'am." -- Joe Friday
--
David B. Lewis Temporarily at but not speaking for Visual, Inc.
day: dbl@visual.com evening: david%craft@uunet.uu.net
| 5comp.windows.x |
In article <93111.225707PP3903A@auvm.american.edu> Paul H. Pimentel <PP3903A@auvm.american.edu> writes:
>What gives Isreal the right to keep Jeruseleum? It is the home of the muslim a
>s well as jewish religion, among others.
What gives the US the right to keep New York? It is the home of the
United Nations as well as being home to a myriad of ethnic groups.
(Actually, NYC is more comparable to the Gaza Strip; the controlling
authority would probably be pleased as punch to unload it on someone
else -- but no-one seems to want it! :-)
>Heck, nobody ever mentions what Yitzak Shamir did forty or fifty
>years ago which is terrorize westerners much in the way Abdul Nidal
>does today. Seems Isrealis are nowhere above Arabs, so therefore
>they have a right to Jerusaleum as much as Isreal does.
A-historical bullshit. Shamir fought the British (who, incidentally,
shipped whole shiploads of Jews back to the Nazis for extermination
and hung those Jewish fighters that they captured and didn't want to
deal with anymore). Shamir did not attack civilians on airliners,
cruise ships, in airports, sports events, movie theaters, markets,
on buses and children in schoolyards. Your comparison to a Master
Murderer like Abu Nidal is BLIND!
--
Jake Livni jake@bony1.bony.com Ten years from now, George Bush will
American-Occupied New York have replaced Jimmy Carter as the
My opinions only - employer has no opinions. standard of a failed President.
| 17talk.politics.mideast |
Here is the price list for the week April 13 to April 19.
- Andrew
Buy Sell Pts Team Player
158.9 143.0 157 PIT Mario_Lemieux
148.5 133.7 145 BUF Pat_LaFontaine
142.7 128.4 141 BOS Adam_Oates
137.6 123.8 136 DET Steve_Yzerman
132.1 118.9 129 WPG Teemu_Selanne
131.7 118.5 127 NYI Pierre_Turgeon
130.1 117.1 127 TOR Doug_Gilmour
126.0 113.4 123 BUF Alexander_Mogilny
123.4 111.1 119 PHI Mark_Recchi
121.9 109.7 119 LA Luc_Robitaille
113.3 102.0 112 QUE Mats_Sundin
111.3 100.2 110 PIT Kevin_Stevens
110.6 99.5 108 VAN Pavel_Bure
108.6 97.7 106 STL Craig_Janney
108.3 97.5 107 PIT Rick_Tocchet
107.6 96.8 105 CHI Jeremy_Roenick
105.3 94.8 104 QUE Joe_Sakic
103.5 93.2 101 STL Brett_Hull
102.4 92.2 100 CGY Theoren_Fleury
101.2 91.1 100 PIT Ron_Francis
100.4 90.4 98 TOR Dave_Andreychuk
100.2 90.2 99 BOS Joe_Juneau
98.3 88.5 96 WPG Phil_Housley
98.3 88.5 96 MTL Vincent_Damphousse
96.3 86.7 94 MTL Kirk_Muller
96.1 86.5 95 DET Dino_Ciccarelli
95.3 85.8 93 BUF Dale_Hawerchuk
95.3 85.8 93 MIN Mike_Modano
94.4 85.0 91 NYR Mark_Messier
93.2 83.9 91 STL Brendan_Shanahan
93.1 83.8 92 PIT Jaromir_Jagr
88.1 79.3 86 MTL Brian_Bellows
88.1 79.3 86 LA Jari_Kurri
88.0 79.2 87 DET Sergei_Fedorov
87.1 78.4 85 CGY Robert_Reichel
87.0 78.3 86 DET Paul_Coffey
86.1 77.5 83 WSH Peter_Bondra
86.1 77.5 83 HFD Geoff_Sanderson
86.0 77.4 84 TB Brian_Bradley
85.0 76.5 82 NYI Steve_Thomas
84.0 75.6 83 PIT Larry_Murphy
84.0 75.6 81 PHI Rod_Brind'Amour
83.0 74.7 82 BOS Ray_Bourque
83.0 74.7 82 QUE Steve_Duchesne
83.0 74.7 80 HFD Andrew_Cassels
82.0 73.8 80 LA Tony_Granato
81.9 73.7 79 WSH Dale_Hunter
81.9 73.7 79 WSH Mike_Ridley
80.9 72.8 78 HFD Pat_Verbeek
80.9 72.8 79 MTL Stephan_Lebeau
80.9 72.8 79 CGY Gary_Suter
78.9 71.0 77 VAN Cliff_Ronning
78.9 71.0 77 NJ Claude_Lemieux
78.9 71.0 78 QUE Mike_Ricci
77.9 70.1 76 VAN Murray_Craven
77.9 70.1 76 STL Jeff_Brown
77.8 70.0 75 WSH Kevin_Hatcher
77.8 70.0 75 NYR Tony_Amonte
76.9 69.2 76 SJ Kelly_Kisio
76.8 69.1 75 NJ Alexander_Semak
76.8 69.1 75 MIN Russ_Courtnall
75.8 68.2 74 MIN Dave_Gagner
75.8 68.2 74 TOR Nikolai_Borschevsky
75.7 68.1 73 PHI Eric_Lindros
74.8 67.3 73 LA Jimmy_Carson
73.8 66.4 72 CGY Joe_Nieuwendyk
73.8 66.4 72 VAN Geoff_Courtnall
73.8 66.4 72 MIN Ulf_Dahlen
73.6 66.2 71 NYI Derek_King
73.6 66.2 71 WSH Michal_Pivonka
72.9 65.6 72 QUE Owen_Nolan
72.9 65.6 72 BOS Dmitri_Kvartalnov
72.7 65.4 71 STL Nelson_Emerson
72.7 65.4 71 CHI Chris_Chelios
72.6 65.3 70 NYI Benoit_Hogue
71.7 64.5 70 NJ Stephane_Richer
71.7 64.5 70 WPG Thomas_Steen
71.7 64.5 70 WPG Alexei_Zhamnov
71.7 64.5 70 CHI Steve_Larmer
69.8 62.8 69 PIT Joe_Mullen
69.5 62.6 67 NYR Mike_Gartner
68.6 61.7 67 VAN Petr_Nedved
68.6 61.7 67 VAN Trevor_Linden
68.6 61.7 67 LA Mike_Donnelly
68.4 61.6 66 WSH Dmitri_Khristich
68.4 61.6 66 WSH Al_Iafrate
66.8 60.1 66 DET Ray_Sheppard
66.8 60.1 66 QUE Andrei_Kovalenko
66.4 59.8 64 HFD Zarley_Zalapski
66.4 59.8 64 NYR Adam_Graves
65.8 59.2 65 SJ Johan_Garpenlov
64.5 58.1 63 TOR Glenn_Anderson
63.5 57.2 62 LA Wayne_Gretzky
63.5 57.2 62 OTT Norm_Maciver
62.2 56.0 60 PHI Garry_Galley
61.7 55.5 61 DET Steve_Chiasson
61.7 55.5 61 DET Paul_Ysebaert
61.5 55.4 60 NJ Valeri_Zelepukin
61.5 55.4 60 MTL Mike_Keane
61.2 55.1 59 PHI Brent_Fedyk
60.7 54.6 60 PIT Shawn_McEachern
60.4 54.4 59 LA Rob_Blake
60.1 54.1 58 NYI Pat_Flatley
59.7 53.7 59 QUE Scott_Young
59.4 53.5 58 WPG Darrin_Shannon
59.1 53.2 57 PHI Kevin_Dineen
58.4 52.6 57 NJ Bernie_Nicholls
58.4 52.6 57 CGY Sergei_Makarov
58.4 52.6 57 CHI Steve_Smith
58.1 52.3 56 WSH Pat_Elynuik
57.4 51.7 56 VAN Greg_Adams
57.4 51.7 56 NJ Scott_Stevens
57.4 51.7 56 TB John_Tucker
56.3 50.7 55 WPG Fredrik_Olausson
56.0 50.4 54 NYR Sergei_Nemchinov
55.0 49.5 53 NYR Darren_Turcotte
55.0 48.9 53 CGY Al_MacInnis
55.0 48.9 53 CHI Christian_Ruuttu
55.0 48.0 52 CHI Brent_Sutter
55.0 47.6 51 HFD Terry_Yake
55.0 47.0 51 VAN Dixon_Ward
55.0 47.0 51 WPG Keith_Tkachuk
55.0 46.4 51 BOS Stephen_Leach
55.0 46.1 50 TOR John_Cullen
55.0 46.1 50 MTL Denis_Savard
55.0 45.7 49 NYR Ed_Olczyk
55.0 45.2 49 VAN Anatoli_Semenov
55.0 44.8 48 WSH Sylvain_Cote
55.0 44.8 48 NYI Vladimir_Malakhov
55.0 44.8 48 NYI Jeff_Norton
55.0 44.8 48 HFD Patrick_Poulin
55.0 44.6 49 BOS Dave_Poulin
55.0 44.3 48 LA Tomas_Sandstrom
55.0 44.3 48 EDM Petr_Klima
55.0 44.3 48 NJ John_MacLean
55.0 44.3 48 EDM Doug_Weight
55.0 43.3 47 MTL Gilbert_Dionne
55.0 43.3 47 LA Alexei_Zhitnik
55.0 43.3 47 EDM Shayne_Corson
55.0 42.8 47 QUE Martin_Rucinsky
55.0 42.4 46 WPG Evgeny_Davydov
55.0 42.4 46 STL Kevin_Miller
55.0 42.4 46 EDM Craig_Simpson
55.0 42.0 45 WSH Kelly_Miller
55.0 42.0 45 PHI Pelle_Eklund
55.0 40.6 44 CHI Michel_Goulet
55.0 40.6 44 EDM Dave_Manson
55.0 39.6 43 OTT Sylvain_Turgeon
55.0 38.7 42 CGY Paul_Ranheim
55.0 38.7 42 MTL Mathieu_Schneider
55.0 38.7 42 MIN Mark_Tinordi
55.0 38.3 42 DET Bob_Probert
55.0 37.8 41 EDM Todd_Elik
55.0 37.4 40 NYR Esa_Tikkanen
55.0 37.4 41 BOS Vladimir_Ruzicka
55.0 36.9 40 OTT Bob_Kudelski
55.0 36.9 40 NJ Peter_Stastny
55.0 36.9 40 TOR Dave_Ellett
55.0 36.9 40 OTT Brad_Shaw
55.0 36.5 40 DET Niklas_Lidstrom
55.0 36.0 39 NJ Bobby_Holik
55.0 36.0 39 TOR Wendel_Clark
55.0 35.5 38 NYR Alexei_Kovalev
55.0 35.0 38 BUF Yuri_Khmylev
55.0 35.0 38 MIN Mike_McPhee
55.0 34.1 37 TOR Rob_Pearson
55.0 34.1 37 VAN Sergio_Momesso
55.0 33.6 36 NYR Brian_Leetch
55.0 33.2 36 CHI Dirk_Graham
55.0 33.2 36 TB Adam_Creighton
55.0 32.8 36 QUE Valery_Kamensky
55.0 32.3 35 EDM Zdeno_Ciger
55.0 32.3 35 LA Corey_Millen
55.0 31.9 35 BOS Ted_Donato
55.0 31.3 34 TOR Peter_Zezel
55.0 30.4 33 MIN Neal_Broten
55.0 29.5 32 MTL Gary_Leeman
55.0 29.5 32 EDM Scott_Mellanby
55.0 29.5 32 BUF Wayne_Presley
55.0 29.2 32 DET Keith_Primeau
55.0 28.9 31 NYI Brian_Mullen
55.0 28.9 31 PHI Josef_Beranek
55.0 28.6 31 CHI Stephane_Matteau
55.0 28.3 31 BOS Steve_Heinze
55.0 28.0 30 PHI Dmitri_Yushkevich
55.0 28.0 30 HFD Mikael_Nylander
55.0 27.6 30 BUF Richard_Smehlik
55.0 27.6 30 TOR Dmitri_Mironov
55.0 25.8 28 CHI Brian_Noonan
55.0 25.5 28 SJ Pat_Falloon
55.0 24.9 27 STL Igor_Korolev
55.0 24.3 26 WSH Bob_Carpenter
55.0 24.3 26 NYR James_Patrick
55.0 23.9 26 BUF Petr_Svoboda
55.0 23.0 25 OTT Mark_Lamb
55.0 22.4 24 NYI Scott_LaChance
55.0 22.1 24 MTL Benoit_Brunet
55.0 22.1 24 TB Mikael_Andersson
55.0 21.2 23 EDM Martin_Gelinas
55.0 21.2 23 WPG Sergei_Bautin
55.0 21.2 23 TOR Bill_Berg
55.0 21.2 23 EDM Kevin_Todd
55.0 19.6 21 NYI David_Volek
55.0 19.6 21 NYI Ray_Ferraro
55.0 19.4 21 MIN Brent_Gilchrist
55.0 18.6 20 HFD Yvon_Corriveau
55.0 18.6 20 NYR Phil_Bourque
55.0 18.6 20 NYI Darius_Kasparaitis
55.0 18.2 20 DET Jim_Hiller
55.0 17.7 19 PHI Andrei_Lomakin
55.0 17.6 19 BUF Donald_Audette
55.0 16.6 18 TB Roman_Hamrlik
55.0 15.5 17 BOS Cam_Neely
55.0 15.5 17 SJ Mark_Pederson
55.0 14.6 16 PIT Martin_Straka
55.0 13.9 15 CHI Joe_Murphy
55.0 12.2 13 NYR Peter_Andersson
55.0 12.0 13 OTT Tomas_Jelinek
55.0 12.0 13 NJ Janne_Ojanen
55.0 10.2 11 TB Steve_Kasper
55.0 10.2 11 MIN Bobby_Smith
55.0 9.1 10 SJ Ray_Whitney
55.0 8.4 9 HFD Robert_Petrovicky
55.0 8.3 9 BUF Viktor_Gordijuk
55.0 7.4 8 TOR Joe_Sacco
55.0 7.3 8 QUE Mikhail_Tatarinov
55.0 7.3 8 SJ Peter_Ahola
55.0 6.5 7 CHI Rob_Brown
55.0 6.4 7 BOS Glen_Murray
55.0 5.6 6 HFD Tim_Kerr
55.0 5.5 6 MIN Brian_Propp
55.0 4.7 5 WSH Reggie_Savage
55.0 4.6 5 STL Vitali_Prokhorov
55.0 4.6 5 LA Robert_Lang
55.0 4.6 5 EDM Shaun_Van_Allen
55.0 3.7 4 MIN Dan_Quinn
55.0 3.6 4 DET Viacheslav_Kozlov
55.0 3.6 4 BOS Jozef_Stumpel
55.0 3.6 4 PIT Bryan_Fogarty
55.0 2.8 3 MTL Olav_Petrov
55.0 2.8 3 TB Stan_Drulia
55.0 1.9 2 WSH Jason_Woolley
55.0 1.8 2 NJ Claude_Vilgrain
55.0 0.0 0 MTL Patrick_Kjellberg
55.0 0.0 0 OTT Alexei_Yashin
55.0 0.0 0 WSH Randy_Burridge
55.0 0.0 0 EDM Dean_McAmmond
55.0 0.0 0 CGY Cory_Stillman
55.0 0.0 0 TB Brent_Gretzky
55.0 0.0 0 BUF Jason_Dawe
55.0 0.0 0 WSH Brian_Sakic
55.0 0.0 0 VAN Igor_Larionov
55.0 0.0 0 CHI Sergei_Krivokrasov
55.0 0.0 0 QUE Peter_Forsberg
--
Andrew Scott | andrew@idacom.hp.com
HP IDACOM Telecom Operation | (403) 462-0666 ext. 253
During the Roman Era, 28 was considered old...
| 10rec.sport.hockey |
In a previous article, peter@psychnet.psychol.utas.edu.au (Peter R. Tattam) says:
>Contact me for details.
>
> peter@psychnet.psychol.utas.edu.au
>
>Peter
This is posted on behalf of Peter Tattam. There is a North American
mirror with the beta test version of WinTrumpet for Winsock. Please
contact me or Peter for details.
Ashok
--
Ashok Aiyar Department of Biochemistry, CWRU axa12@po.cwru.edu
For Internet Access (Telnet/FTP) in Cleveland, contact info@wariat.org
Telnet to wariat.wariat.org and login as bbs
Dial (216) 481-9425/9445 (V.32bis) or (216) 481-9436 (2400 bps)
| 2comp.os.ms-windows.misc |
ejhupper@rs6000.cmp.ilstu.edu (Eric Huppertz) writes:
>b91926@fnclub.fnal.gov (David Sachs) writes:
>>Those chimes indicate a hardware failure of some type during System startup.
>>
>>One thing that can cause the chimes is a cable that has become a bit loose.
>>Next time you power down the computer, check that all cables are on tight.
>I remember a simple program that would play those chimes for you when you
>clicked their respective buttons. Does anyone know where that is? This was
>circa 1988, I think.
A quick search of the index at mac.archive.umich.edu shows the following as
available by anonymous ftp from that site:
/mac/util/developer/diagnosticsoundsampler.hqx
9 7/24/90 BinHex4.0
That "chord" you hear when you push the start-up on your Mac II
means more than just "I'm on". it's passed it's internal test.
This utility explains what the various sounds stand for (i.e.
various stages of ram testing...)
jonathan brecher
brecher@mac.archive.umich.edu
| 4comp.sys.mac.hardware |
I have recently purchased a PB170 and have no more use for my
RasterOps 8XL. It has been a great card. I should have traded it
with my IIci, but I forgot. My forgetfulness si your gain.
Great 8 bit video that supports:
640x480 (Apple 13"/14")
640x870 (Apple Portrait)
800x600 (Silly DOS monitor resolution)
1024x768 (60hz & 75hz)
1152x870 (Apple 21")
Has hardware Pan & Zoom and supports virtual desktops up to the size of
2 Newspaper pages. Includes standard Apple monitor cable or card to BNC,
you choose.
I am asking $250 (it's still advertised in MacWorld for up to $499).
Completely negotiable. I can get a monitor and sell the pair. I will
accept offers for software or PowerBook accessory trades.
Make an offer.
--
RJ Kohlhepp Novell Systems Staff
kohlhepp@cae.wisc.edu Computer Aided Engineering
| 6misc.forsale |
Archive-name: rec-autos/part1
[most recent changes, 15 March 1993: addition of alt.autos.karting -- rpw]
=== Welcome to Rec.Autos.* ===
This article is sent out automatically each month, and contains a general
description of the purpose of each of the automotive newsgroups, and
some suggested guidelines for discussions. The keywords `Monthly Posting'
will always appear to make killing this article easy for users of
newsreaders with kill facilities. This article is posted to all autos
groups, but followups are directed only to rec.autos. If you don't
understand what this means, ask your system administrator for help, or at
least for copies of the newuser documentation. Failing that, please
subscribe to the newsgroup news.announce.newusers and read the
documentation provided there.
Introduction to the Rec.Autos newsgroup hierarchy:
rec.autos.tech
is intended for technical discussions of automobiles, their design,
construction, diagnosis, and service. Other discussions are largely
inappropriate, especially For Sale ads.
rec.autos.sport
is intended for discussion of legal, organized competition involving
automobiles. Technical discussions are appropriate insofar as they apply
to competition vehicles. Discussion from either of two viewpoints,
spectator and participant, is encouraged. Arguments about sports cars are
largely inappropriate, as are most other discussions. For Sale ads are
inappropriate unless they are for competition vehicles and/or equipment.
Discussions of illegal events are marginal; one should probably avoid
advocating breaking the law. (remember, the FBI reads Usenet!)
rec.autos.driving
is intended for discussions related to the driving of automobiles.
Also, if you must discuss 55 vs. 65, or radar detectors, or <insert
your pet driving peeve> boneheads, do it here.
rec.autos.vw
is intended for discussion of issues related to the use and ownership
of automobiles manufactured by Volkswagen (this includes VWs, Audis,
Seats, etc.) It was created on the grounds that the info-vw mailing
list was very successful. It should not be presumed from the existence
of this group that it is appropriate to create many groups to cover many
different marques; groups specific to individual marques should only be
created on demonstration of sufficient interest, via some avenue such as
a mailing list.
rec.audio.car
is not properly part of the rec.autos.* hierarchy. it is, however,
the correct place for discussion of automotive audio equipment, and
so is mentioned here.
rec.autos.antique
is intended for the discussion of older cars (usually more than 25 years
old, although this is not a hard-and-fast rule.)
alt.hotrod
is not part of the hierarchy, but also of potential interest to the
rec.autos reader. it is gatewayed to the moderated hotrod mailing
list, and is for serious discussion of modifying and developing
performance vehicles.
alt.autos.rod-n-custom
also not part of the `official' hierarchy; devoted to that peculiar
American hobby of customizing older cars.
alt.autos.karting
for the discussion of the popular motorsport and hobby, karting.
rec.autos
is intended to capture discussion on all other automotive topics.
Crossposting:
Crossposting occurs when more than one newsgroup name is included on
the Newsgroups: line in the article header; such articles will appear
in all of the newsgroups listed.
Crossposting is one of the most misunderstood and misused facilities on
Usenet. You should only post to a group because you feel an article is
appropriate; you should NEVER crosspost just to reach a particular
audience. This distinction is subtle, but important. Radar Detector
articles, for example, are more-or-less appropriate in rec.autos. They are
almost never appropriate in sci.electronics or rec.ham-radio, and the fact
that you might want to reach the audience in sci.electronics or
rec.ham-radio is NOT adequate justification for posting to either group.
Crossposting between any or all of the rec.autos.* groups is usually
inappropriate; if you find yourself doing so, consider whether or not it is
truly advisable, before sending your article. Consider setting Followup-To:
to point to only one newsgroup if you feel you must crosspost.
Crossposting between rec.autos.* and misc.consumers is chancy at best; in
particular flame wars over the speed limit in the US and/or the use of
radar detectors should NEVER be crossposted between any of these groups.
Most readers of sci.electronics and rec.radio.* couldn't care less about
the police radar and radar detector arguments that go on endlessly in
rec.autos.
It is an excellent idea to check the Newsgroups: and Followup-to: lines of
articles before posting a followup. In particular, be wary of posting to
misc.test, rec.arts.startrek.*, or talk.bizarre, or any combination of these
three. The life you save may be your own.
Distribution:
There is a field in the header of any news article which allows you to
(partially) control where the article goes; it is called the Distribution
field. It may be very useful for many reasons; it should also serve
as a reminder that news is a very large and widespread system.
The distribution of rec.autos.* is fairly extensive. As of this writing,
the Automotive newsgroups are known to reach most of Europe, Australia,
New Zealand, and some locations in Japan. With this in mind, I offer the
following hints about use of the Distribution: field in your article
headers, and on article content.
1) Please take care not to send for-sale ads about clapped out Ford
Mavericks in New Jersey to France or California; i doubt that anyone in
either place will care, except for my girlfriend, who for some strange
reason likes Mavericks (but only 4-door Mavericks, at that.)
2) When posting technical questions, please include the market for which
your car was manufactured. For example, there are a number of differences
between a European-market Ford Escort and a US-market Escort. Likewise,
all 1750cc and early 2000cc Alfa Romeos reached the US with Spica Fuel
injection; European market cars usually got carbs (often Webers). These
differences can be important to your readers; make your situation clear.
Failure to do so can lead to pointless flame wars and a significant
spread of misinformation.
3) Be careful about your capacities and specifications when posting;
in the US we get a mix of Metric and English system values, whereas
Europe is almost entirely on the Metric system. A future edition
of this monthly posting will contain a list of commonly-used
abbreviations that may not be known in some places that rec.autos
reaches; this cuts both ways so let us not be parochial about it.
4) Use the Distribution: field to limit where your article goes, when
possible. Within North America, the values na (north america), can
(canada), and usa may be used. in addition, the two-letter state
abbreviations of the US are supported in some cases; e.g. if i wanted
to send an article only to New York and New Jersey, i could put
"ny,nj" in a Distribution field. note that multiple, comma-separated
values are legal. these distribution fields vary widely, however, so
you should check with your local sysadmin to find out what is likely
to be supported in your area.
The Dangers of Overgeneralization:
To amplify a warning from the distribution section of this article:
Be wary of making foolish assumptions about all cars, tires, etc. What is
true for a 1973 Buick with a 455cid engine may be quite utterly wrong for a
1976 Honda with a 1200cc engine. Headlight laws in Sweden are decidedly
different from those in Idaho.
The Need for Adequate Specification:
When you ask a question, please give a reasonable amount of information;
e.g., if you have a question about your Honda, please specify year,
model, engine size, etc. Otherwise, most answers to your question may be
quite useless.
Concerning Lemons:
At one time or another, every auto manufacturer has manufactured a lemon or
two; even Honda admits to this. Please don't waste everyone's time by
announcing to the world that your `brand x' automobile is terrible, so all
`brand x' automobiles are terrible, so no one should ever buy a car from
the `brand x' company. Such articles are worse than useless, because they
cause substantial wasted bandwidth while carrying little or no useful
information.
Concerning Flames:
As much as we might wish it, a flame-free newsgroup is something that most
likely will never occur. Here are some guidelines for flames and how
to deal with them (a list of flame-prone topics follows in the next section
of this posting):
If you post something truly obnoxious and inflammatory, don't imagine for a
minute that including the words `No Flames' will work. It won't, and
you'll get exactly what you deserve.
If you're going to flame, you're more likely to get away with it if you can
cite a fact or maybe a well-known reference. No one is likely to believe
bald, unsupported assertions.
Be careful about who you choose to insult. Consider not insulting anyone.
Asking the Question:
It is a bad idea to post a question and end it with a phrase like `Please
send email, I don't read this group'. It is a much better idea to
end the question with `Please send email, if there is sufficient interest
I'll summarize the results in a later posting. I may miss posted responses
to this request'.
Answering the Question:
If someone wants to hop up their Yugo, don't tell them to get a Mustang.
Either be silent, or give them useful advice. If someone wants advice on
defending a speeding ticket, don't tell them to obey the law next time --
it's offensive, presumes guilt which is not proven, and doesn't directly
address the original question. In general, don't post in order to see
your words in print, and don't post in order to enjoy feeling smug and
self-righteous.
Stale and/or Inflammatory Topics:
Certain topics are considered stale by `old timers'; while discussion of
them is certainly ok, and new, factual information is welcome, ravings
about them are extremely tiresome, and may get the person who posts them
ignored altogether. Some topics are naturally inflammatory; it is
difficult if not impossible to have meaningful discussion of them. Some
of these topics include the following:
1) the 55mph speed limit in the US: Pro and Con
2) discussions about the morality and legality of the sale and usage of
radar detectors.
3) discussions over which radar detector is best.
4) discussions over what is a sports car (this is one reason why
rec.autos.sport is not a `sports car' group -- everyone would argue
about what constitutes a `sports car'.)
5) disputes over whether or not US Federal law protects the driver's
right to own and operate a radar detector
6) `Buy American' discussions
7) `clever' bumper stickers and personalized license plates
8) <insert nationality here> cars are terrible
9) What kind of car did Maxwell Smart drive?
[when I have a complete, accurate answer it will be added to the
commonly-asked questions article which is also posted monthly.
Until then, please don't waste bandwidth on this topic. -- rpw]
Please direct comments and suggestions about this article to:
welty@cabot.balltown.cma.com
--
richard welty 518-393-7228 welty@cabot.balltown.cma.com
``Nothing good has ever been reported about the full rotation of
a race car about either its pitch or roll axis'' -- Carroll Smith
| 7rec.autos |
In article <1993Apr5.193804.18482@ucsu.Colorado.EDU> coburnn@spot.Colorado.EDU (Nicholas S. Coburn) writes:
}first I thought it was an 'RC31' (a Hawk modified by Two Brothers Racing),
}but I did not think that they made this huge tank for it. Additionally,
As someone who was told quite firmly by 2 Honda sales/service weenies
that there is no larger tank available for the Hawk (I have a '91
Hawk with the puny 3.2 gal tank), I'd be very interested to know if
there is any decent aftermarket solution. I'd love to have at least
a 4 gal tank.
--
Curtis Jackson cjackson@mv.us.adobe.com '91 Hawk GT '81 Maxim 650
DoD#0721 KotB '91 Black Lab mix "Studley Doright" '92 Collie/Golden "George"
"There is no justification for taking away individuals' freedom
in the guise of public safety." -- Thomas Jefferson
| 8rec.motorcycles |
>O.K., sorry to post a question which seems to crop up
>quite regularly in this group however I have yet
>to get a specific and usefull (in my context) answer
>to where I can get hold of 3d data for a head.
>
>WHAT I AM LOOKING FOR :
>
>Simple polyon description of head / face which can be EASILY
>converted for, or used with, POV (raytracer).
>(i.e. <1500 polygons)
Well, I am placing a file at my ftp today that contains several
polygonal descriptions of a head, face, skull, vase, etc. The format
of the files is a list of vertices, normals, and triangles. There are
various resolutions and the name of the data file includes the number
of polygons, eg. phred.1.3k.vbl contains 1300 polygons.
In order to get the data via ftp do the following:
1) ftp taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil
2) login as anonymous, guest as the password
3) cd pub/dabro
4) binary
5) get cyber.tar.Z
Once you get the data onto your workstation:
1) uncompress data.tar.Z
2) tar xvof data.tar
If you have any questions, please let me know.
george dabro
dabro@taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil
--
george dabrowski
Cyberware Labs
dabro@taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil
| 1comp.graphics |
I am think of buying a new computer through the mail order, I am looking at
the Gateway 2000 66V systen and the Zeos's system. Which is better (in terms of
value, price, ungrade, service), because I am in canada, I wonder can i have
the same level of service as in the states?
Thank you for any advice!
Thomas
| 3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware |
I agree. I own one. Aside from the shutter, it is built like
a little tank. A very good camera. Your price sounds reasonable,
too. New, I paid $565 for my KIEV 88 Camera Kit. Good luck.
Thomas Helke
egret@wet.UUCP
| 6misc.forsale |
I have the following busines books/best sellers for sale. All in excellent
order. If you are interested email me an offer...
1. Zapp: The Lightning of Empowerment..............William Pyham, Jeff Cox
Harmony Books
2. Beware the Naked Man Who Offers You His Shirt...Harvey Mackay
William, Morrow & Co
3. What They Still Don't Reach You at Harvard .....Mark H. McCormack
Bantam Books
4. Megatrends 2000: 10 New Directions for the 90's.John Nisbitt/P. Aburdene
William, Morrow & Co
5. Phone Power....................................George Walther
Putnam Books
6. What Every Supervisor Should Know..............Liester R Bittel, J.Newstrom
McGraw-Hill
7. MaxiMarketing: New Directions in Advertising...Stan Rapps, Tom Collins
McGraw-Hill
8. Outsmarting The Competition....................John McGongale, Jr
Sourcebooks
9. Professional Speaking..........................Lilyan Wilder
Simon & Schuster
10. Managing Management Time......................William Ocken Jr.
Prentice Hall
11. Getting Praised Raised and Recognized........Muriel Solomon
Prentice Hall
12. Getting What You Want: How to Reach Agreement..Kare Anderson
Dutton
13. Let's Talk Quality..........................Philip B. Crosby
McGraw Hill
14. Frontal Attack, Divide and Conquer.........Richard Buskirk
Wiley
15. Den of Thieves...........................James B. Stewart
Simon & Schuster
16. 20/20 Vision..............................Stanley Davis, Bill Davidson
Fireside: Simon & Schuster
If you are intersted, email please.
khoh@usc.edu
| 6misc.forsale |
> There is a program called Graphic Workshop you can FTP from
> wuarchive. The file is in the msdos/graphics directory and
> is called "grfwk61t.zip." This program should od everthing
> you need.
>
> TMC
> (tmc@spartan.ac.BrockU.ca)
>
Could you be more specific? I need that file too but couldn't find it
amongst ALL the directories at wuarchive.
-Page
Z_NIXSP@CCSVAX.SFASU.EDU
| 1comp.graphics |
claes@polaris (Heinz-Josef Claes) writes:
>I have a Sparc[12] with a german type 4 keyboard.
>Has anybody a Patch for X11R5?
export.lcs.mit.edu:/pub/sunkbd..930314.tar.Z
/MaF
--
Martin Forssen: maf@dtek.chalmers.se or maf@math.chalmers.se
System administrator at math and dtek at Chalmers univ. of technology
| 5comp.windows.x |
In article <C5Kv7p.JM3@unx.sas.com> sasghm@theseus.unx.sas.com (Gary Merrill) writes:
>
>In article <1993Apr15.200344.28013@cs.rochester.edu>, fulk@cs.rochester.edu (Mark Fulk) writes:
>What is wrong with the above observation is that it explicitly gives the
>impression (and you may not in fact hold this view) that the common (perhaps
>even the "correct") approach for a scientist to follow is to sit around
>having flights of fancy and scheming on the basis of his jealousies and
>petty hatreds.
Flights of fancy, and other irrational approaches, are common. The crucial
thing is not to sit around just having fantasies; they aren't of any use
unless they make you do some experiments. I've known a lot of scientists
whose fantasies lead them on to creative work; usually they won't admit
out loud what the fantasy was, prior to the consumption of a few beers.
(Simple example: Warren Jelinek noticed an extremely heavy band on a DNA
electrophoresis gel of human ALU fragments. He got very excited, hoping that
he'd seen some essential part of the control mechanism for eukaryotic
genes. This fantasy led him to sequence samples of the band and carry out
binding assays. The result was a well-conserved, 400 or so bp, sequence
that occurs about 500,000 times in the human genome. Unfortunately for
Warren's fantasy, it turns out to be a transposon that is present in
so many copies because it replicates itself and copies itself back into
the genome. On the other hand, the characteristics of transposons were
much elucidated; the necessity of a cellular reverse transcriptase was
recognized; and the standard method of recognizing human DNA was created.
Other species have different sets of transposons. Fortunately for me,
Warren and I used to eat dinner at T.G.I. Fridays all the time.)
>It further at least implicitly advances the position that
>sciences goes "forward" (and it is not clear what this means given the
>context in which it occurs) by generating in a completely non-rational
>and even random way a plethora of hypotheses and theories that are then
>weeded out via the "critical function" of science.
I'm not sure that it's random. But there is no known rational mechanism
for generating a rich set of interesting hypotheses. If you are really
working in an unknown area, it is unlikely that you will have much sense
of what might or might not be true; under those circumstances, the best
thing to do is just follow whatever instincts you have. If they are wrong,
you will find out soon enough; but at least, you will find out _something_.
If you try to do experiments at random, with no prior conceptions at all
in mind, you will probably get nowhere.
>(Though why this critical
>function should be less subject to the non-rational forces is a mystery.
Unfortunately, the critical function does sometimes become hostage to
non-rational forces. Then we get varieties of pathological science:
Lysenko, Mirsky's opposition to DNA-as-gene, cold fusion, and so forth.
>If experimental design, hypotheses creation, and theory construction are
>subject to jealousies and petty hatreds, then this must be equally true
>of the application of any "critical function" concerning replication.
>This is what leads one (ala Feyerabend) to an "anything goes" view.)
I don't agree that this follows. In fact, this is _exactly_ the point at
which I disagree with Feyerabend. It is a most important part of the
culture of science that one keeps one's jealousies out of the refereeing
process. Failures there are aplenty, but, on the whole, things work out.
Another point: there are a couple of senses of the phrase ``experimental
design''. I'd say that the less rational part is in experimental _choice_,
not design. Alexander Fleming (Proc. Royal Soc., 1922) chose to look for
bacteriophage in his own mucus for strange reasons (Phage had previously
been found in locust diarrhea; Fleming probably thought runny bottom, runny
nose, what the hell, it's worth a try.) but his method of looking for phage
was well-designed to detect anything phage-like; in fact, he found lysozyme.
>True, the generation part *can* be totally irrational. But typically it is
>*not*. Anecdotes concerning instances where a hypothesis seems to have
>resulted in some way from a dream or from one's political views simply
>do not generalize well to the actual history of science.
It is not clear to me what you mean by rational vs. irrational. Perhaps
you can give a few examples of surprising experiments that were tried out
for perfectly rational reasons, or interesting new theories that were first
advanced from logical grounds. The main examples I can think of are from
modern high-energy physics which is not typical of science as a whole.
--
Mark A. Fulk University of Rochester
Computer Science Department fulk@cs.rochester.edu
| 13sci.med |
Hi there
Does anyone know how to get hold of data as well as stock of the
LCD displays used in the NINTENDO GAMEBOY handheld TV game machines?
Any information wouold be MOST appreciated.
Please e-mail any replies to
arawstorne@eleceng.uct.ac.za
thanks
Alex
| 12sci.electronics |
Contact me for details.
peter@psychnet.psychol.utas.edu.au
Peter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
P.Tattam International Phone 61-02-202346
Programmer, Psychology Department Australia Phone 002-202346
University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2comp.os.ms-windows.misc |
In article <sehari.735357542@du139-213.cc.iastate.edu> sehari@iastate.edu
(Babak Sehari) writes:
[stuff deleted]
>Also, at this low price I can not afford people make too many copy of my
>software. Well, I guess say upto %20 illigal copying is ok by me.
You should be clear in your mind what your goal is. Two possible goals
are (1) maximizing you income from your program, and (2) minimizing
the number of illegal copies which get created. Accomplishing (2)
doesn't usually accomplish (1).
Most vendors have concluded that copy protection reduces the number of
normal legitimate sales by far more than it increase sales by virtue
of changing 'copiers' to 'purchasers', and hence merely reduces
revenue. Most legitimate buyers nowadays (including me) have had bad
experiences with copy protected products (e.g., hard to make a
legitimate backup, incompatabilties when new system on system upgrade,
etc.), and they won't touch them with a ten foot pole.
Wally Bass
| 12sci.electronics |
In article 3tu@menudo.uh.edu, inde7wv@Rosie.UH.EDU () writes:
>
>I understand why you theoretically stop so far behind a car but can you
>really in actuality avoid such an incident? Suggestions?
An even better strategy is to leave less of a buffer between you and
the car in front, but enough to manuver around it. Keep the bike in
1st gear with the clutch handle squeezed in (how's that for
engaged/disengaged?), until there are two cars stopped behind you.
When the next BDI cager comes screaching in, simply ride up along side
of the car in front of you. You don't need to panic and do it, or you
will pop the clutch and stall the engine. Do is smoothly, just
rapidly. The cage in front of you will provide MUCH better protection
than anything else (particularly empty road).
---
Ed Green, former Ninjaite |I was drinking last night with a biker,
Ed.Green@East.Sun.COM |and I showed him a picture of you. I said,
DoD #0111 (919)460-8302 |"Go on, get to know her, you'll like her!"
(The Grateful Dead) --> |It seemed like the least I could do...
| 8rec.motorcycles |
In article <C5rLnE.4pC@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU>, pmy@vivaldi.acc.Virginia.EDU (Pete Yadlowsky) writes:
> >We used to live in a country where everyone enjoyed the free exercise of
> >their rights to worship and bear arms.
> Arms? Automatic weapons, grenades, rocket launchers? The sorts of things
> no family should be without, I guess.
All government claims. If they were really stocking such weapons for
Armageddon, how come they never used them?
> Anyway, I've often wondered what
> business followers of Christ would have with weapons. It's hard to imagine a
> pistol-packin' Jesus, though I suppose a pump-action shotgun would have
> made clearing the temple a hell of a lot easier.
"The time is coming. Those of you who have no sword, sell your shirt and
buy one... And they told him, Master, we have two swords. And he said, It
is enough." (LUKE ...)
"Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace,
but the sword. For I am come to set a man at variance against his father,
and the daugher against her mother..." (MATT 10 34-35)
> Well, when the nice federal officers come to my house to check out my
> extensive weapons cache, I'll just be sure not to shoot at them.
> "Tea, ladies and gentlemen?"
Just maybe you won't be home. Then you can come home to something
like this:
"Well, it's been a rough month," begins Johnnie Lawmaster. "I
just get laid off, and my divorce became final. But I just wasn't
ready for what happened this particular Monday."
That particular Monday was was December 16, the first day of the
Bill of Rights' third century, the day when federal agents and local
law enforcement officer broke into the house in Tulsa that always flew
the U.S. flag. When Lawmaster drove into the driveway that bleak
afternoon, one of his neighbors had some news.
"'Ohmigod, John, you are in big trouble!' my neighbor tells me.
'Sixty police, federal agents and the bomb squad busted in you house,
kicked down the door, cut locks off your gun safe.' I couldn't
believe it. Then I walked inside. What a nightmare."
It was no nightmare; it was horribly real life. Apparently acting
on information the Lawmaster possessed an illegal firearm, some thirty
agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) teamed up
with state and Tulsa police authorities, search warrant in hand, to
search for a "Colt, AR-15, .223 caliber machine gun, unknown serial
number." The warrant, issued by U.S. Magistrate John Leo Wagner, also
authorized agents to seize "any tools used in the alteration or
modification of firearms, such as files or drills; documents, papers,
books, records, and other tangible properties which identify occupants
or owners of the property to be searched...."
Reports vary, but according to neighbors, the joint task force
operation aimed at the unemployed warehouseman from a nearby hospital
involved some 60 agents and local law enforcement personnel against
Lawmaster. They cordoned off the street; took station with weapons
drawn in the back yard; used a battering ram to break through the
front door; kicked in the back door; broke into his gun safe; threw
personal papers around the house; spilled boxes of ammunition on the
floor; broke into a small, locked box that contained precious coins;
stood on a table to peer through the ceiling tiles, breaking the table
in the process. Then, they left. The doors were closed but not
latched, much less locked. The ammo and guns were left unsecured.
"My front and back doors were pulled shut, but they were busted
through and couldn't latch. Anybody could have waltzed in there and
stolen everything I own. A child could have taken a gun. The guns,
the safe -- everything was open and laying around. I keep all my
magazines empty, but someone had loaded them. While I was looking
around in amazement, the gas, electric and water companies show up to
turn the power off. They said they were told to shut things down.
Then I found the note. "Nothing Found - ATF."
"They didn't make any attempt to notify me. I've lived in Tulsa
all my life and never got more than a traffic ticket. How come they
can't look that up, realize I've been law-abiding my whole life, then
come to the door when I'm home? They didn't leave someone here to
watch over my private property. They didn't even come by to explain
what happened. They just raided my home, ransaked it, left it wide
open and left."
Lawmaster placed a phone call to the local BATF agent. "I asked,
'Are you gonna' arrest me?' and he said, 'No.' I asken him, "Who is
going to repair and clean up my house?' And he said, "If you're going
to talk to me, come down to my office.'
"'I can't come down!' I said. 'My doors are broken!' If I had
been on vacation and I didn't have friendly neighbors, I would have
lost everything I own. Here I am a competent, responsible firearms
owner, and the government leaves them open, unlocked, with ammo strewn
around."
Lawmaster said the agent advised him, "If you want your door to
lock and your gun safe to lock, you're gonna' have to pay for it
yourself."
"'Oh, I'll come right down, alright,' I told him. 'I'll come
down, but I'll bring my attorney.' And he said, 'Well, you bring
your attorney, and we won't talk to you.'"
So if you don't want your tea party to be held in awkward silence, make
sure your lawyer isn't there, there's a good chap.
> It's very sad all those people died, especially the kids, but that's going
> to happen in a free society whenever psychologically needy people hook up
> with a charismatic nutcase.
What a repulsive outlook on society. "Followers of unusual religions
may be killed by the government -- it simply can't be helped in a free
society."
You and I have two different concepts of "free."
--
cdt@rocket.sw.stratus.com --If you believe that I speak for my company,
OR cdt@vos.stratus.com write today for my special Investors' Packet...
| 16talk.politics.guns |
Forgive me if this has been asked before... but here goes:
My friend recently purchased a LC III and he wants to know if there is
such a demon called NuBus adapter for his PDS slot? CompUsa and
ComputerCity Supercenter says they don't carry them.
Does this mean LC III is incapable of carrying a NuBus board?
Much obiliged,
Marvin
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| MMILLER@GARNET.MSEN.COM | "The more I deal with hearing |
| Editor-in-Chief/Co-Publisher of | people, the more I understand |
| The Deaf Michigander | terrorism." |
| $22 a year for 11" by 17" | -Marvin |
| monthly newspaper | |
| (E-mail me for a complimentary | Above quote does not apply to |
| copy today!) | all hearing people, though. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4comp.sys.mac.hardware |
In article <1rpt1v$q5h@hsc.usc.edu> khayash@hsc.usc.edu (Ken Hayashida) writes:
>As for human tolerances, the best example of human endurance in terms
>of altitude (i.e. low atmospheric pressure and lower oxygen partial pressure)
>is in my opinion to the scaling of Mt. Everest without oxygen assistance...
>... This is quite a feat of physiological endurance...
Indeed so; it's at the extreme limit of what is humanly possible. It is
possible only because Mount Everest is at a fairly low latitude: there
is a slight equatorial bulge in the atmosphere -- beyond what is induced
by the Earth's rotation -- thanks to the overall circulation pattern of
the atmosphere (air cools at poles and descends, flowing back to equator
where it is warmed and rises), and this helps just enough to make Everest-
without-oxygen feasible. Only just feasible, mind you: the guys who did
it reported hallucinations and other indications of oxygen starvation,
and probably incurred some permanent brain damage.
--
SVR4 resembles a high-speed collision | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology
between SVR3 and SunOS. - Dick Dunn | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry
| 14sci.space |
briefly, since i'm off to sleep.
mle's work pretty well for AA nd AAA players.
players who are 22 and younger will tend to have explosions
in their numbers, whether mMLE's or not, in the next 2 years...
players who are 26 and OLDER, at those levels, generally have
inflated MLE's.
they're about as reliable as having major league stats for a player.
- bob gaj
| 9rec.sport.baseball |
In article <1993Apr27.051830.14545@mega.com.au>, swanee@megadata.mega.oz.au (Geoff Swan) writes:
> In article <1993Apr23.102039.1720@mala.bc.ca>, wagner@mala.bc.ca (TOM WAGNER, Wizzard of old Audio/Visual Equipment........Nanaimo Campus) writes:
>>
>> The color of the board shows the composition of it, hence the use of it.
>>
>> Original and older boards were bakelite composition, and were brown.
>> Phenolic (spelling) was a tan
>> Most "non filled" fiberglass boards used in computers are green.
>> Filled fiberglass is blue.
>> Teflon is white.
>>
>
> Rubbish. The reason for the colour of the boards depends on the solder
> mask that is used. Older boards (bakelite and phenolic) rarely used
> a solder mask (these boards are not suited well to automatic stuffing
> and soldering techniques) and hence are the colour of the compound
> used to make them. These days boards are made of fibreglass for most
> general purpose uses and have a solder mask applied to them to prevent
> close traces shorting to one another during soldering (and also to prevent
> the decomposition of traces under harsh environments). The light and dark
> green boards ofter seen have a "dry film" mask applied to them (usually
> applied as a complete film photographically produced). The blue (and red
> or orange) boards are a two-part epoxy or a liquid-imageable resist
> formulation and are applied in a different manner. There's a lot of info
> about the pro's and con's of each, but that's another story...
>
> Sla/n go fo/ill,
> Risky B.
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Geoff Swan (research & development) _--_|\ swanee@mega.com.au
> Megadata Pty Ltd / \
> 2/37 Waterloo Rd, North Ryde, \_.--._/ +61 2 805 0899
> NSW 2113, Australia. v (Fax) +61 2 887 4847
>
>
Sorry Geoff,
Agree solder mask is green, but in the old days we didn't have wave soldering
machines (which are another topic again). I had a crew of a dozen ladies which
could stuff and hand solder a board like lightning!
Board under the mask was the original query.
BTW cheap inport electronic devices (mainly from 3rd world countries) are done
with brown pheonolic boards. Is seems the electronics industry has discovered
the cheap labor pools. Workers are paid by the board to assemble circuits at
home. They are very obviously hand soldered. Quite a few tape recorders are
being brought into Canada from Red China. In China there is no warranty for
the equipment other than if you plug it in and it works it's yours. One of my
co-workers spent a year there and he said the failure rate out of the box was
almost 50%.
Also, the original method for making printed with conductive ink on a regular
printing press. An old lithographer friend had a press for this. After the
etching method was developed he used the press to print wood grain on doors.
>
--
73, Tom
================================================================================
Tom Wagner, Audio Visual Technician. Malaspina College Nanaimo British Columbia
(604)753-3245, Loc 2230 Fax:755-8742 Callsign:VE7GDA Weapon:.45 Kentucky Rifle
Snail mail to: Site Q4, C2. RR#4, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada, V9R 5X9
I do not recyle..... I keep everything! (All standard disclaimers apply)
================================================================================
| 12sci.electronics |
Excerpts from misc: 27-Apr-93 Re: X Toolkits Sivesh Pradhaan@rebels.b (423)
> I do not have finger!!! So is there any other way of accessing this service
> like mail server or telnet or ftp?
You can use telnet:
% xhost +atk.itc.cmu.edu
% telnet atk.itc.cmu.edu 79
run-demo
| 5comp.windows.x |
v140pxgt@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Daniel B Case) writes:
>gld@cunixb.cc.columbia.edu (Gary L Dare) writes...
>>
>>>You're not buying insurance so much as being coerced into one
>>>insurance plan.
>>
>>No, it is optional ... as it is optional for doctors to accept it.
>>There are isolated religeous communities in particular that ask for
>>exemptions (and one e-mail from a Christian Scientist in Edmonton
>>verified for me that it is indeed negative option). I guess that you
>>can argue that there is a right to having a particular insurance, but
>>so far I've not come across that up north ... and I take pains to keep
>>tabs with news from home.
>
>It's optional, but what if you don't want basic coverage on the
>government's terms? You said before that if you opt out, you're
>basically uninsured.
There are two things at work here ... the public insurance is very
wide in what it will cover, as the amortization is also universal.
No private plan can boast of a plan that fits a Gaussian curve ...
and as our private sector has discovered, they're better off not
offering insurance coverage that their customers are going to use.
(-;
>>>And that turns the private insurers offering the frills into an
>>>effective cartel-they don't really need to compete because, as you put
>>>it, they're in a "win-win" situation and they're guaranteed to turn a
>>>profit
>>
>>Believe me, they probably had orgasms when they figured that out. And
>>according to my sister the yuppie, they pat themselves on the back to
>>the point of ungraciousness at Chamber of Commerce luncheons.
>
>So, in a sense, they've stopped being truly capitalists if they don't
>have to worry about competing anymore. You might say that the total
>effect is one of socialized medicine-a government providing the basics
>and a cartel providing the extras. There is no alternative to the system,
>desirable or not.
The alternative to the system is no system at all (patients opted out,
doctors opted out, or both). But that only for insurance ... and you
can't force a private insurance company to sell you a plan that they
will not offer. And remember that the actual health care is delivered
by private entities who collect from the public insurance voluntarily.
Again, they can't force a private entity to spring to life to pay them.
Plus, there is the matter of culture and values ... I'm basically
anti-tax and anti-government, by Canadian standards ... yet I can't
bring myself to make the same arguments as you do, despite that I
understand where you're coming from. Up north, you're so much more
likely to find someone protesting taxes going to defence than health
insurance premiums to only one fund for basic coverage ...
>>>(Interesting side note-have any new insurance companies started
>>>up-from scratch-since Medicare became standard in Canada?
>>
>>I actually have doubts that any new ones have emerged since WW I ...
>>no, scratch that ... there are a few in Western Canada, and *quite*
>>a few in Quebec as part of the post-1980 Quebec Miracle (out with the
>>nationalism, in with the French capitalism). La Groupe des Cooper-
>>antes built a new tower by the Eaton('s) store at Les Terraces, and if
>>you were able to catch Urban Angel on CBS's Crimetime you'd see it as
>>the well-lit one with double-turrets at the top. As for Ontario,
>>which still dominates and anchors business up north ...
>
>I meant new companies, not new buildings.
Yes, primarily in Quebec and in Alberta. Sorry, I musta lost you in
that verbose blurb ...
>>>It's not really insurance if you don't have alternatives
>>
>>Well, you have to realize that in our society that's like saying
>>that "it's not really national defence" because you can't hire
>>your own Rambo squad instead or even opting out as a pacifist.
>
>True, but I would be more comfortable with a system in which basic
>care provided by the government was optional, not mandatory.
In Canada and Germany, it's not mandatory. However, it is negative
option in that you must request the exemption. That the private
sector will not provide private basic coverage if offered the option
(as in the Quebec case) tells me something about what they know ...
>>Either way, the transient situations are hard to deal with since the
>>changes in the private medical care resource take place at a slower
>>rate than the ability of people to fall sick esp. in the light of
>>disasters (e.g., Chernobyl) or bad luck (a sudden wave of heart
>>disease). A doctor needs 4-6 years of training, plus internship
>>and specialty training.
>
>Another problem with the US system that should be resolved. Doesn't
>Canada have something like ten times the proportion of GPs to specialists
>that the US does?
Yes, but part of the reason is that our most of our markets are
too small to sustain many specialists, sometimes not even one, so
you pretty well have to be a GP to get paid. And if you do get
the training, the doctors monopoly might block your getting of a
licence because there is already someone in the business and who
cannot fill his/her appointment book. That we have a CMA doctors
monopoly is something that the American AMA-oriented medical lobby
NEVER tells you down here ...
>The problem is, in a specialty your skill often directly correlates
>to your pay (a good cardiologist makes more than a merely adequate
>cardiologist) more than it does in general practice. In that
>circumstance, it's hard to blame people for going into specialties.
No, I respect people who do specialties (okay, all of my MD friends
are (-;) but there's the question of our small market dynamics up
north ... if anything, that our private doctors and hospitals sell
their services to Americans to generate more business will inflate
their effective population served, and thus make some specialties
finally viable (i.e., there will be enough customers). We just do
not have enough sick Canadians in absolute numbers otherwise.
>I personally think an approach like Germany's would be best-where the
>companies compete for batches of people. Rochester, a little east of
>us, was able to get almost all of its population covered that way.
Uh ... Germany basically uses our method, with their many sickness
funds. The competition is fake if it exists at all, because they're
all interlinked. Look in Der Spiegel or Stern (my girlfriend is in
our German department and her uncle is a private practicioner in
Saarbrucken) ... no ads for health insurance. While Canada organizes
by province, Germany organizes the paperwork around big corporations
and regional offices. But remember that we have provinces that have
the same population as some major German corporations. Germans have
public health insurance, just that it is brokered by smaller entities
(actually, brokerage of basic by private firms who'll sell extra
insurance to fill out their policies, sort of a voucher system,
was one of the first ideas floated in Canada, too).
Remember, the Germans don't have HMO's ... a telling sign, 'cos
Rochester does and they're also a company town.
>But there was a Washington Post article recently about that that said
>Canadian doctors often use myelograms instead of MRIs, which require
>spinal injections and can cause seizures and headaches. Mickey Kaus,
>in the New Republic, probably spoke for most Americans when he said
>"Who needs that?" I think people here generally like to believe they
>can easily get the most high-tech treatment even if they really can't
>afford it.
I'll have to let a Canadian MD jump in to verify that claim, but
I've come to learn to suspect anything in the American press about
our "system". If much or some of it were true, you'd have to take
us for idiots for tolerating it. And given that our insurance was
installed during a period when there were only Liberal and Tory
governments federally and provincially, and the socialists are still
chafing, they would've pressed for real socialized medicine to fix
things ... think about it. After all, we are using the U.S. as a
metric to make comparison ... both for keeping-up-with-the-Joneses
as for confirming that we did something right.
gld
--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Je me souviens ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gary L. Dare
> gld@columbia.EDU GO Winnipeg Jets GO!!!
> gld@cunixc.BITNET Selanne + Domi ==> Stanley
| 18talk.politics.misc |
This talk about the Phillies winning the NL East is scary. VERY
scary! Don't get me wrong, Im a Phillies fan but as late as last
year they looked helpless. The funny thing was they did have a lot
of injuries in '92 spring training that basically killed their
chances. Of course, don't forget the Dykstra wrist injury in the
first or second game?
| 9rec.sport.baseball |
HELP!
I am trying to find software that will allow COM port redirection under
Windows for Workgroups. Can anyone out there make a suggestion or reccommend
something. I would really hate to have to write some driver for the serial
port that would support the network, but that is my next step.
Thanks in advance.
bkv
| 2comp.os.ms-windows.misc |
In <FRITZM.93Apr20225937@sun.panix.com> fritzm@panix.com (Fritz Mueller) writes:
>I just moved to NYC and wondered if there are any electronics hackers
>out there who could point me to places in NYC that sell individual
>electronic components (switches, pots, transformers, caps,
>...
Try Cables and Chips ... let me dig out a reciept ...
Here we are...
Cables & Chips at 121 Fulton Street, that's near South Street Seaport and
Wall Street. Phone is 212-619-3132 and 800-843-4117.
However, when ordering there, be VERY exact or there's a good chance they'll
screw up. Otherwise, they're pretty good, and they deliver too.
Cheers,
Rob
--
[----------------------------------------------------------------------]
[ Robert S. Mah | Voice: 212-947-6507 | "Every day an adventure, ]
[ One Step Beyond | EMail: rmah@panix.com | every moment a challenge" ]
[----------------------------------------------------------------------]
| 12sci.electronics |
One of the main reasons nations like the US and RUSSIA observe satellite
that have been launched is FORBs system whick loft nuclear bombs into
orbit which are planned to be detonated in LEO causing EMP pulses
interfering with the target command and control system.
| 14sci.space |
jearls@tekig6.PEN.TEK.COM (Jeffrey David Earls) wrote:
>
> ba7116326@ntuvax.ntu.ac.sg writes:
> >hello there
> >can anyone who has handson experience on riding the Yamaha v-max, pls kindly
> >comment on its handling .
>
>
> Some guy came to the OMRRA race school last weekend with number plates
> on his V-Max. He didn't get more than 2 practice laps in before he pushed
> the frame too hard and it drove him into the guard rail on the back
> straight.
>
> Portland International Raceway is now 2-for-2 on V-Max'es.
>
> V-Max - handling? Ferget it.
>
> BTW: The rider was conscious and semi-coherent when the ambulance
> carted him off. That's all I know.
I hate to pick on someone who may have been seriously injured (let's hope
not), but: semi-coherent sounds like a good description of someone who
shows up at the track w/ a VMax in the first place:-{
tom coradeschi <+> tcora@pica.army.mil
"Usenet is like a herd of performing elephants with diarrhea -- massive,
difficult to redirect, awe-inspiring, entertaining, and a source of mind-
boggling amounts of excrement when you least expect it."
--gene spafford, 1992
| 8rec.motorcycles |
from alt.law-enforcement
In article <1993Apr20.212245.3186@msus1.msus.edu>, hayden@krypton.mankato.msus.edu (Robert A. Hayden) writes:
> I only caught about the last 15 minutes of this show (I hope to see it
> when it repeats later), but did manage to catch the summary.
> According to Koresh's lawyer and some other guy (who I am not sure who he
> is), The Davidians _DID_NOT_ start the fire and apparently made several
> attempts at escaping but were blocked by smoke, fire, and FBI tanks.
> He states this after interviews with thoses 9 Davidians that escaped.
> They indicated that their was no suicide pact and that the fire was set by
> the FBI (I got that impression, not sure about that).
> Something about this whole mess just doesn't smell right. It didn't Feb.
> 28th and is doesn't now.
> --
> [> Robert Hayden ____ <] Black Holes result from God
> [> \ /__ <] dividing the universe by zero.
> [> hayden@krypton.mankato.msus.edu \/ / <]
> [> aq650@slc4.INS.CWRU.Edu \/ <] # include std_disclaimer.h
--
cdt@rocket.sw.stratus.com --If you believe that I speak for my company,
OR cdt@vos.stratus.com write today for my special Investors' Packet...
| 16talk.politics.guns |
In article <2703@spam.maths.adelaide.edu.au> jaskew@spam.maths.adelaide.edu.au (Joseph Askew) writes:
>In article <1se68nINNfo2@early-bird.think.com> shaig@Think.COM (Shai Guday) writes:
>>In article <2681@spam.maths.adelaide.edu.au>, jaskew@spam.maths.adelaide.edu.au (Joseph Askew) writes:
>>> There are Arabs in cabinet but look how long it took and to what
>>> insignificant positions they are assigned! And this is based solely
>>> on race not political belief or security as Jewish members of the
>>> same party have always been welcome just not their fellow Arabs.
>>First of all, the arab standing in any party, or as any party, is solely
>>dependent upon the amount of political power they can wield effectively.
>It is not a question of an individuals standing. When a party puts up
>an Arab for a Cabinet post and that Arab is rejected but the position
>is given to a Jew from the same party we are not talking about power
>but racism.
Not necessarily. As Shai points out, political appointments are
based on power. They are also based on favors owed, coalition
building, and deal making. While this may have a racist element to
it, I think that its much more fair to attribute it to the "old boy"
nature of politics. Now, I'll freely admit that the old boy system
has racist and sexist effects, but I don't think that those are its
purpose, whether in the US, Israel, or elsewhere.
>>In the past, they have not been effective at garnering votes and forming
>>a single bloc in the knesset. On the few occasions when this was done,
>>some of the parties took stands that were extremist, and ineffect precluded
>>themselves from forming a coalition and participating in the cabinet.
>Not their party - them as *individuals*. Even when they belong to nice
>peaceful Zionist mainstream parties they are not welcome. Arabs are
>excluded on ficitious security grounds which are just an excuse. It
>sure looks like racism to me.
Here again, you miss out on the old boy nature of politics,
and the existance of back-room deals. As individuals, these arabs may
not be as well connected as the Jew who gets the job. I don't like
this aspect of politics, but I understand it exists.
Adam
Adam Shostack adam@das.harvard.edu
"If we had a budget big enough for drugs and sexual favors, we sure
wouldn't waste them on members of Congress..." -John Perry Barlow
| 17talk.politics.mideast |
In article <May.13.02.30.39.1993.1545@geneva.rutgers.edu> noye@midway.uchicago.edu writes:
>[...] i believe that the one
>important thing that those who wrote the old and new testament
>passages cited above did NOT know was that there is scientific
>evidence to support that homosexuality is at least partly _inherent_
>rather than completely learned. this means that to a certain extent
>-- or to a great extent -- homosexuals cannot choose how to feel [...]
But one of the most basic concepts of Christian morality is that we
all have defective appetites due to original sin. Not just
homosexuals, but everybody. Thus we are not entitled to indulge in
whatever behavior our bodies want us to.
I think we need to keep clear the distinction between homosexual
_behavior_ (which is wrong) and homosexual _orientation_ (which is not
a sin, merely a misfortune).
[Please: NO EMAIL REPLIES. Respond in this public forum.]
--
:- Michael A. Covington, Associate Research Scientist : *****
:- Artificial Intelligence Programs mcovingt@ai.uga.edu : *********
:- The University of Georgia phone 706 542-0358 : * * *
:- Athens, Georgia 30602-7415 U.S.A. amateur radio N4TMI : ** *** ** <><
| 15soc.religion.christian |
In article <C5JA6s.A59@cs.psu.edu> so@eiffel.cs.psu.edu (Nicol C So) writes:
>In article <897@pivot.sbi.com> bet@sbi.com (Bennett Todd @ Salomon Brothers Inc., NY ) writes:
>>This came up because I decided to configure up MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 security
>>for X11R5. For this to work you need to stick some bits that an intruder
>>can't guess in a file (readable only by you) which X client applications
>>read. They pass the bits back to the server when they want to establish a
>>connection.
>>
>>...
>>What I settled on was grabbing a bunch of traffic off the network.
>>Basically, I ran
>>
>> etherfind -u -x greater 0|compress
>>
>>and skipped over 10K of output, then grabbed my bits. As best I can tell,
>>these are bits that can be expected to be reasonably uniformly distributed,
>>and quite unguessable by an intruder.
>
>For your application, what you can do is to encrypt the real-time clock
>value with a secret key.
For a good discussion of cryptographically "good" random number
generators, check out the draft-ietf-security-randomness-00.txt
Internet Draft, available at your local friendly internet drafts
repository.
A reasonably source of randomness is the output of a cryptographic
hash function (e.g., MD5), when fed with a large amount of
more-or-less random data. For example, running MD5 on /dev/mem is a
slow, but random enough, source of random bits; there are bound to be
128 bits of entropy in the tens (or hundreds) of megabytes of data in
a modern workstation's memory, as a fair amount of them are system
timers, i/o buffers, etc.
/ji
| 11sci.crypt |
Sorry for taking this off of Sharon's resp, but I'd also like to add
some more verses to that and perhaps answer the second Q.
Verses:
1 Corinthians 6:9-10
Colossians 3:5-10
As for knowing when, that's a bit tricky. People normally have
consciences which warn them about it. However, as in my case, a
conscience can be hardened by sin's deceitfulness (Hebrews 3:12:13) so
that the person has no idea (or doesn't care about it) that they are
sinning. Of course, there are those sins which we do when we don't know
that they're sinful to begin with. Those take searching and examining
of Scripture to find out that they are sinful and then repent and
change. The best question to ask in every circumstance to judge sinful
possibilities is: "Would Jesus wholeheartedly do this at this point in
time?" I know, it sounds like a cop-out, but it truly is a stifling
question.
Joe Fisher
Oh, I missed one. 1 John 1:8-2:11,15-23.
| 15soc.religion.christian |
In article <62890018@hpsgm2.sgp.hp.com> taybh@hpsgm2.sgp.hp.com (Beng Hang TAY) writes:
> Hi,
> I am buying a Quantum LPS240AT 245 MB hardisk and is deciding a
> HDD/FDD controller. Is 32-bit VL-bus HDD/FDD controller faster
> than 16 bit IDE HDD/FDD controller card?
No, VL-bus IDE is no faster than ISA IDE. The IDE interface is
fundamentally nothing more than an extension of the ISA bus, and if
you hook it to VL-bus it'll work as fast as the slower of the two,
meaning ISA speed.
> I hear that
> the VL bus controller is SLOWER than a IDE controller?
On the other hand, I wouldn't expect it to be *slower*...
--
Richard Krehbiel richk@grebyn.com
OS/2 2.0 will do for me until AmigaDOS for the 386 comes along...
| 3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware |
In article <1993Apr22.152720.24846@radian.uucp>, markbr%radian@natinst.com (mark) writes:
>In article <1993Apr22.004331.22548@coe.montana.edu> uphrrmk@gemini.oscs.montana.edu (Jack Coyote) writes:
>>Sunlight shining off of the ocean.
>>
>The universe, mirrored in a puddle.
>>
>>Aleph null bottles of beer on the wall, Aleph null bottles of beer!
>>Take one down, pass it around ... Aleph null bottles of beer on the wall!
>>
>Isn't it amazing how there *always* seems to be *another* bottle of bheer there?
>
>Aleph *one* bottles of beer on the wall, Aleph *one* null bottles of beer!
>
> you, too, are a puddle.
> As above, so below.
>
> mark
Wow, look at alllthe pretty puddles!!!!
Jimmy crack koan, and I don't care, Jimmy crack koan and i don't care, Jimmy
crack Koan and i don't care, Zen Master's gone away.....
La Morte,
Who wants to take one down and pass it around.
(the beer, not the koans.)
| 19talk.religion.misc |
What an anal retentive you are wimp.
********************************************************************
System: fourd.com Phone: 617-494-0565
Cute quote: Being a computer means never having to say you're sorry
********************************************************************
| 17talk.politics.mideast |
Rick Anderson writes:
> Are we to simply assume that you [referring to Robert Weiss] are the only
> one who really understands it [Biblical Scriptures]?
No. I also understand it. I have read the Bible from cover to cover, examining
each book within, cross-comparing them, etc. And I have come to same conclusions
as Robert Weiss.
So Rick, why not read the Bible for yourself? It is written in plain
english. Decide for yourself.
| 19talk.religion.misc |
In case anyone was wondering about upgrading their 386 or 486 class machine
without spending a lot of money, I looked into replacing the processor
on those machines and here are the facts (as I understand them).
If you have a PS/2 Model 70 or Model 80, you can replace the i386 chip with
either 1) a Cyrix 486DLC chip for $130 which will increase your processing
power by about 60% for normal fuctions, and not at all for math functions.
This chip will only run at your original clock speed, ie. if you have a 16MHz
machine the Cyrix 486DLC will run at 16MHz.
note: Windows does not use the math functions, so it is a good upgrade if
you are running Windows.
Or, 2) you can get a Kingston 486/NOW platform for $450 with a 25MHz i486SX
on it which will increase your normal processing power by about 100%, if you
were running at 25MHz originally. But again it will not increase the speed
of your math fuctions. I think that it will continue to run at 25MHz even
if your original processor runs at a slower speed.
There is also 3) the Kingston 486/NOW platform for $750 with a 33MHz i486DX
on it. This might speed up your math functions as well, but I am not sure.
If you have a PS/2 Model 70 B21 or other PS/2 machine with either an i486SX
or a non-clock doubling i486DX (ie. it runs at either 25 or 33MHz) in it,
then you can get an Intel Overdrive chip (which is really an i486DX2 chip) and
replace your chip with it. You should get about 95% better preformance for
both normal and math functions. The 25/50 Mhz version of the Overdrive chip
costs $450 and the 33/66MHz version costs $700. The replacement for the
25MHz 486SX chip is an espeacially good deal as it provides the math
coprocessor which the 486SX does not have. Note that the speed ratings on the
Overdrive chips are the maximum speed at which they can run. If you have a
20MHz 486SX, then the Overdrive chip will run at 20/40MHz, ie. 20MHz externally
and 40MHz internally. There is no reason to buy an Overdrive chip which is
rated at faster then your machine, you will not get faster performance.
You should be able to buy these chips from any of the microchip merchants that
advertise at the back of PC Magazine or PC Week. You might want to shop
around as prices do vary. If you need a name/phone number for a source for
a particular chip, e-mail me, and I will respond with a couple of sources.
Lawrence Khoo
--
khoo@husc3.harvard.edu Lawrence Khoo Computer Consultant
khoo@haavelmo.harvard.edu (617) 496-8992 Econ. Dept, Harvard U.
| 3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware |
inde7wv@Rosie.UH.EDU writes:
>hear screeching tires. I dart my eyes to my mirrors and realize it's the
>moroon flying up right behind me, in my panic I pop my clutch and stall the
>bike. Luckily the guy stops a foot behind my rear wheel.
>I understand why you theoretically stop so far behind a car but can you
>really in actuality avoid such an incident? Suggestions?
The experience you describe is why I don't like to sit with my bike in
gear - I figure there's a chance that I'll be startled in some way and
stall my bike. And I figure this is more likely than the chance that
I'll be unable to escape some situation because of the extra time
needed to put the bike in gear.
So I concentrate on avoiding situations rather than making split-second
evasive manuvers. I split lanes so I'm not at the end of the line.
(Unfortunately this is not legal in most of the country) If I can't
split (perhaps there isn't room) then I will stop near one side of the
lane so I have an easy escape, and leave my bike in gear until the next
car has stopped. I watch in my mirrors in the mean time to make sure
it will! Whether I really would have time to move should a car fail to
stop, I haven't had to find out yet. Some cars have an annoying habbit
of racing up behind you before braking heavilly, so it can be hard to
tell if they are planning to brake or not!
So in summary, position yourself for an easy exit, and then watch your
mirrors until it's all clear.
--
Paul Thompson Apple Computer
| 8rec.motorcycles |
In <1993Apr21.194301.6430@spartan.ac.BrockU.CA> tmc@spartan.ac.BrockU.CA writes:
> You can find the drivers at wuarchive.wustl.edu in the /msdos/windows3 sub-
> directory. I think the files are called "tvgawin31a.zip" and "tvgawin31b.zip."
> Those are the latest drivers available as far as I know.
I downloaded these files a couple of days ago and they appeared to be
incompatible with this particular card. None of the SVGA drivers worked.
They're probably for the newer 8900 and 9000 series.
JM
_______________________________________________________________________________
Jouni Marttila - Yo-kyl{ 11 B 25, 20540 Turku, FINLAND - +358 21 374624____
jmarttila@abo.fi - jmarttila@finabo - abovax::jmarttila - jjmartti@utu.fi__
PGP-key available via finger jmarttila@abo.fi ___________________________
| 3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware |
Being a parent in need of some help, I ask that you bear with me while I
describe the situation which plagues me...
I am a divorced father. Chance would have it that "my weekend" with my
daughter has fallen upon Easter Weekend this year.
Although I am Presbyterian, I had married a Catholic woman. We decided
that the Catholic moray of indoctrination of the spouse into the faith
was too confining (and restrictive due to time as we had already set a
date), and we were married in a Christian Church which was non-denominational.
During the years of our marriage, we did not often attend church.
When our daughter was born, some years later, my wife insisted that she
be baptised as Catholic. This wasn't a problem with me.
During a separation of five years, my ex-wife was taken ill with a disease
that affected her mental capacities. She was confined to a mental ward for
two months before it was diagnosed. It has since been treated "effectively".
In other words, professionals have deemed her a functioning member of society.
During the recuperation, my ex-wife has embraced Buddism. Her influence over
my daughter has been substantial, and has primarily allowed me only Saturday
visitation for a number of years. During this period I have read Bible study
books to my daughter, and tried to keep her aware of her Christian heritage.
Last fall, our divorce was finalized after a year of viscious divorce hearings.
At that time I was awarded visitation rights every other weekend. At that time,
I started taking my daughter to church quite often, although not every weekend.
I did this to attempt to strengthen the Christian ethic and expose her to a
religious community.
Today, Easter Sunday, I took my daughter to church. When it came time for
Communion, my daughter took the bread (The body of Christ) but left the wine
(The blood of Christ) professing that she was too young for wine. She then
balled the bread up in her hand and tried to descretely throw it under the
pew in front of us.
I feel this was a slap in the face to me, my religion, and an afront to her
religious heritage. It can be construed as breaking several of the commandments
if you try. I really felt dishonored by the action.
My daughter is only nine years old, but I think she should have been old and
mature enough to realize her actions. I have difficulty blaming her directly
for religious teachings her mother swears to, but when I discussed this with
my daughter she made it clear she believed in Buddhism and not Christianity.
My initial response of anger (moderated) was to suggest if there is no faith
in Christ then why does she celebrate Easter, or Christmas? I suggested I
would never force her to practice my religious beliefs by celebrating holidays
with her again.
I do not want to "drive her from the fold", and would be willing to allow her
to continue practicing Buddhism (as though I had a choice seeing her only
for two days out of fourteen) but I want her to want to embrace Christianity.
Any suggestions?
If you have a response, please e-mail me a copy. (I'm not a regular reader
of this newsgroup.) (Naturally, feel free to post too!)
Thanks, and I hope you've had a happy Easter.
Drew
--
Drew Watson Systems analysis Encore Computer Corp
dwatson@encore.com (301)497-1800 || (703)691-3500 Customer services
=============================================================================
| 15soc.religion.christian |
Hi,
I have a few enquiries about PC's and compatibles in general.. Some software
others hardware orientated.. (Probably the wrong newsgroup .... as everyone
claims..)
Anyway..
1) Does any one happen to have the board jumper details for a Trident 8900
SVGA graphics card (1MB) or even what the dip switches do on the end.. Mine
already works fine (albeit slow) and after having blown up a monitor I found
out which switch controlled the interlace/non interlace facility..
But I'm curious as to why there are 8 dip switches on the card with apparantly
little use..
2) Secondly, does anyone know why Commodore had to be so crazed in their design
of the PC-40 motherboard with respect to the RAM.. (IE 512 + 512 or 640 +0K) ??
3) Can anyone supply pin details for the expansion ports for a pc (8 or 16 bit
) .. or even a sample circuit to cause an irq when a button is pressed...
(Yeah I know its a piece of cake.. I'm lazy 8)
4) Software wise.. Anyone care to divulge some tips on accessing expanded RAM
on a PC (from a program written in Turbo C++)....
For instance, using farcoreleft() and coreleft() return only memory available
from the base 640K regardless of combinations of EMM386 etc etc...
What I want is to be able to use the RAM above and beyond the 1MB boundary...
I'm not certain whether farmalloc / new actually uses it anyway but I'll
suspect not ..
5) Also.. what half brained wit created DOS so as not to be re-entrant??????
As a follow on, does anyone have any comments about the use of DOS calls
0 to 0C from within a DOS interrupt? Ie will changing the stack size on
entry be of use.. Two articles I've read on the subject have given
conflicting views... Does anyone have any views on writing direct to
screen memory in terms of portability?
Many thanks..
Gotta go, bars closing soon 8)
Cheers
Ian
| 3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware |
In article <93095@hydra.gatech.EDU>, gt7469a@prism.gatech.EDU (Brian R. Landmann) writes:
> Joe Torre has to be the worst manager in baseball.
>
> For anyone who didn't see Sunday's game,
>
> With a right hander pitching he decides to bench Lankform, a left handed
> hitter and play jordan and gilkey, both right handers.
>
> Later, in the ninth inning with the bases loaded and two outs he puts
> lankford, a 300 hitter with power in as a pinch runner and uses Luis
> Alicea, a 250 hitter with no power as a pinch hitter. What the Hell
> is he thinking.
Educate yourself before you rip on this years manager of the year.
Lankford injured himself in a previous game and Torre was resting
him.
As far as the Whitten/Gilkey controversy. Whitten adds some more
needed power, and if Jordan continues to hit the way he has been,
Gilkey will find himself in the starting lineup soon enough.
Sam
> Brian Landmann
> Georgia Institute of Technology
> Internet:gt7469a@prism.gatech.edu
| 9rec.sport.baseball |
In article <3876@nlsun1.oracle.nl>, jdurbin@nl.oracle.com (Jason Durbin) writes:
> If even half the speculations of conspiracy made about this are
> true, then I would expect that you people should be calling for
> the ATF, FBI, Texas Rangers, Congress and all branches of the
> US government to be immediately and completey disbanded -- no
> exceptions.
Well, we're not. Which goes to prove you still don't understand what
we're saying here.
> Jeez, do you people really beleive all this crap? Do you also beleive
> in the Zionist Occupation Government and the tooth fairy?
I've lived through the bombing of Cambodia; My Lai; inflated body counts
in VietNam; the funding of Noreiga; Watergate; Contragate; Chappaquiddick;
Kent State; domestic spying by the CIA; Edwin Meese's Pornography
Commission; the War on Drugs; civil seizure; the MOVE disaster; the LA
disaster; and now Waco.
Do you really believe that government always does what is right?
> Admittedly mistakes were made but why attribute them to malice rather
> than stupidity?
Watch the news for the next couple of months. Watch how this whole
government-initiated debacle turns into shouting for "more gun control."
It's already started.
--
cdt@rocket.sw.stratus.com --If you believe that I speak for my company,
OR cdt@vos.stratus.com write today for my special Investors' Packet...
| 16talk.politics.guns |
In article <C5sLMB.9w6@cup.hp.com>, dclaar@cup.hp.com (Doug Claar) writes:
> While driving through the middle of nowhere, I picked up KNBR, AM 1070,
> a clear-channel station based in Los Angeles.
KNX AM, 1070 in LA, will be unhappy to hear about this, I'm sure. :-)
(isn't KNBR in the bay area?)
--- Jamie Hanrahan, Kernel Mode Systems, San Diego CA
Internet: jeh@cmkrnl.com Uucp: uunet!cmkrnl!jeh CIS: 74140,2055
| 12sci.electronics |
Anyone who thinks that TIFF is too complex hasn't dealt with
CGM, ASN.1, CDA, DCA, SGML, or any one of a number of other
very successful file format. People seem perfectly capable
dealing with these others. Dealing with the format of TIFF
is frankly less difficult than dealing with the DCT, LZW, and
FAX encoding of the image data. The majority of the libraries
which deal with TIFF are dedicated to these other issues rather
than with simply decoding the tags and parameters.
Perhaps people are overwhelmed in comparison with some rather
simpleminded formats such as GIF, PCX, and BMP, but to suggest
that TIFF is so complex as to be doomed to failure is ludicrous.
That doesn't mean that GIF isn't fine, but don't even thing about
using it in many instances. GIF is very nice for use in low-end
photos applications and for screen grabs and such, but it would
never do for high-volume or high-resolution systems. FAX is nice,
but it doesn't do color (and GIF doesn't do B&W all that well).
JPEG is nice for high-resolution color, but is slow for low-end.
The advantage TIFF brings to the table is its ability to handle
all these situations (and then some). Naturally it's more complex.
But I'ld rather propose TIFF imaging solutions over imaging
systems based on having to deal with 3-4 file formats anyday.
You may find that TIFF is too complicated for your personal tastes
but please don't wrail against it's complexity. The complexity
it contains is required to provide the functionality it does and
doesn't come close to the complexity found in most commercially
viable file formats.
If we're in philosophical arguments against complexity, let's all
go program in scheme and forth and do imaging with run length
encoding.
| 1comp.graphics |
In article <8473@pharaoh.cyborg.bt.co.uk> martin@pharaoh.cyborg.bt.co.uk (Martin Gorman) writes:
>JSN104@psuvm.psu.edu writes:
>
>>YOU BLASHEPHEMERS!!! YOU WILL ALL GO TO HELL FOR NOT BELIEVING IN GOD!!!! BE
>>PREPARED FOR YOUR ETERNAL DAMNATION!!!
>>
>Oh fuck off.
Actually, I just think he's confused. *I'm* going to hell because I'm Gay,
not becuase I don't believe in God.
(I wonder if that means I can't come to Tammy & Deans picnic?)
--
=kcochran@nyx.cs.du.edu | B(0-4) c- d- e++ f- g++ k(+) m r(-) s++(+) t | TSAKC=
=My thoughts, my posts, my ideas, my responsibility, my beer, my pizza. OK???=
= "Because I'm the Daddy. That's why." =
| 0alt.atheism |
In article <30151@ursa.bear.com> halat@pooh.bears (Jim Halat) writes:
>In article <C5snCL.J8o@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu>, adpeters@sunflower.bio.indiana.edu (Andy Peters) writes:
>
>>Evolution, as I have said before, is theory _and_ fact. It is exactly
>>the same amount of each as the existence of atoms and the existence of
>>gravity. If you accept the existence of atoms and gravity as fact,
>>then you should also accept the existence of evolution as fact.
>
>I don't accept atoms or gravity as fact either.
[deletions]
Jim - we essentially agree, except about the definition of "fact."
The scientific definition of "fact" is not "the ultimate truth," but
rather "a theory which is so supported by evidence and so predictive
that it is pointless to test it anymore."
So, we have the fact of evolution and we have theories of evolution
(just as we have the fact of gravity and theories of gravity, and
the fact of the atomic nature of matter and atomic theory). The fact
of evolution is that the current diversity of life arose through
common descent: this is so supported by the evidence that no one ever
bothers to try to test it anymore. Theories of evolution include
theories regarding the mechanism of common descent (natural selection
vs. drift) or the actual "pathways" of evolution, or any number of
other things. These are constantly being tested, because the actual
mechanisms, etc, behind the fact of common descent are still up for
question.
Note that the fact of evolution is still a theory. In other words, it
could, theoretically, still be falsified and rejected. But since it's
so predictive, and so consistently supported by evidence, it seems
pointless to explicitly try to falsify it anymore.
[description of atomic theory, and alternative theories of gravity, deleted]
>Both are very useful models that
>have no religious overtones or requirements of faith, unless of course you
>want to demand that it is a factual physical entity described exactly
>the way the theory now formulated talks about it.
Here is where you fail to make an important distinction. You have
shoehorned the _facts_ of the _existence_ of gravity and atoms and
evolution into one category with the _theories_ which have been
proposed to explain the _mechanisms_. The existence of these things
is so predictive as to be considered fact. The mechanisms, on the
other hand, are still worth discussing.
> jim halat halat@bear.com
--
--Andy
"God is a real estate developer / with offices around the nation
They say one day he'll liquidate / his holdings on High
I say it's all speculation." -- Michelle Shocked
| 0alt.atheism |
Hello,
I heard that a certain disease (toxoplasmosys?) is transmitted by cats which
can harm the unborn fetus. Does anybody know about it? Is it a problem to
have a cat in the same apartment?
Thanks
--
Klaus Hofmann
National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research
1-1, Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| 13sci.med |
I think that _The_Transcedental_Temptation_, by Paul Kurtz, has a good
section on the origins of Mormonism you might want to look at.
-Scott O.
| 0alt.atheism |
[reply to dufault@lftfld.enet.dec.com (MD)]
>After many metabolic tests, body structure tests, and infection/virus
>tests the doctors still do not know quite what type of siezures he is
>having (although they do have alot of evidence that it is now pointing
>to infantile spasms ). This is where we stand right now....As I know
>now, these particular types of disorders are still not really well
>understood by the medical community.
Infantile spasms have been well understood for quite some time now. You
are seeing a pediatric neurologist, aren't you? If not, I strongly
recommend it. There is a new anticonvulsant about to be released called
felbamate which may be particularly helpful for infantile spasms. As
for learning more about seizures, ask your doctor or his nurse about a
local support group.
David Nye (nyeda@cnsvax.uwec.edu). Midelfort Clinic, Eau Claire WI
This is patently absurd; but whoever wishes to become a philosopher
must learn not to be frightened by absurdities. -- Bertrand Russell
| 13sci.med |
Michael Covington (mcovingt@aisun3.ai.uga.edu) wrote:
:
: How about contaminants on the corn, e.g. aflatoxin???
:
Little alflatoxin on commercial cereal products and certainly wouldn't
cause seizures.
--
David Ozonoff, MD, MPH |Boston University School of Public Health
dozonoff@med-itvax1.bu.edu |80 East Concord St., T3C
(617) 638-4620 |Boston, MA 02118
| 13sci.med |
I have a HP 1740 scope that (I think) has a problem in the HV section.
Symptom: started turning on and off on its own, making intermittant
bright flashes on the CRT, and then finally, passed away. If you
have a manual (or any suggestions), please send me mail. Will gladly
pay reproduction/shipping costs plus a little $ for your efforts for
the manual. Thanks in advance.
--- Jeff
--
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Jeff DePolo WN3A Twisted Pair: (215) 337-7383H 387-3059W
depolo@eniac.seas.upenn.edu RF: 443.800+ MHz 442.700+ MHz 24.150 GHz
University of Pennsylvania
| 12sci.electronics |
MAMISHEV, ALEXANDER VALENTINO (avm1993@sigma.tamu.edu) wrote:
: Hello,
:
: Let me introduce a problem:
:
: When I measure a sinusoidal wave (voltage) with a digital voltmeter, using
: AC mode, my output is an rms value (a peak value over 2 squared). / Right? /
: When I measure a square wave in the same mode (AC), my output is equal
: to a peak value, actually, to the upper flat boundary of the wave.
: I assumed, that a digital voltmeter makes some kind of integration of the
: input value, and divides it over the wave period. / Right?/
: Now, I used it to measure the same square wave as above, but distorted
: by high-frequency harmonics. Ideally, output should be the same, but...
: The output value was only about 10% of the previous one!
: Why? What is the nature of this output value? What does the voltmeter
: actually measure? And what does it show?
Re: RMS readings
Unless the DVM *says* it's measuring RMS, it's probably Average voltage.
The input is diode rectified and measured as DC. If it says it's RMS
and but measures square/triangle/etc. incorrectly, it's measuring
average and multipling by a correction that's *only* true for sine waves
(i.e. Vave*(0.707/0.63) = Vrms). If you want correct RMS for (most)
any waveform, you need a "True-RMS" DVM/DMM which literally does the
Root-Mean-Square calculation in either analog or digital circuitry.
:
: Related question (less important to me):
: What are advantages and disadvantages of digital voltmeters to compare with
: analog ones?
The last significant advantage of analog (IMO) ** was ** being able to
"see" the signal if it was changing over time (e.g. checking
electrolytic capacitors).
Anymore, most DMM have bargraphs, etc. that duplicate this.
:
: Thank you for your attention, you could mail me your opinion at
: avm1993@zeus.tamu.edu or open a discussion here. I would appreciate either
: way.
:
:
: Alexander V. Mamishev
:
: ____________________________________________________________________________
: Power System Automation Laboratory <> phone office (409) 845-4623
: Department of Electrical Engineering <> phone home (409) 846-5850
: Texas A&M University <> fax (409) 862-2282
: College Station, TX 77843, USA <> Internet: avm1993@zeus.tamu.edu
: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
:
--
================================================================================
Jeff Gruszynski
Semiconductor Test Equipment
Systems Engineer
Hewlett-Packard
================================================================================
(415) or T 694-3381
jeff@hpmvd061.nsr.hp.com
jeff@hpuplca.nsr.hp.com
================================================================================
| 12sci.electronics |
matthews@Oswego.EDU (Harry Matthews) writes:
>I had electrical pulse nerve testing done a while back. The needles were taken
>from a dirty drawer in an instrument cart and were most certainly NOT
>sterile or even clean for that matter. More than likely they were fresh
>from the previous patient. I WAS concerned, but I kept my mouth shut. I
>probably should have raised hell!
Could you describe in more detail the above procedure? I've never
heard about it.
And yes, if they pierced you with the needles you probably should have
protested.
euclid
--
Euclid K. standard disclaimers apply
"It is a bit ironic that we need the wave model [of light] to understand the
propagation of light only through that part of the system where it leaves no
trace." --Hudson & Nelson (_University_Physics_)
| 13sci.med |
<1993Apr2.190122.26169@radian.uucp> markbr%radian@natinst.com (markbr) writes:
>
>The only problem I have with what you tell, is the usual problem I have
>with Honor (tm): your family seems to have confused honor, pride, and
>stupidity. *I* would feel that, when *shown* I was wrong, *my* honor
>would *demand* that I apologize. <etc.....>
Ahhhhh, but that *is* the point. Honor should demand that each of them
recognize that there is error/fault/misunderstanding aplenty in the
situation, and to apologize to each other.
But, since there is no honor *between* the two of them, they hold to
their own thickheaded paths, refusing to recognize each other as human,
and dragging the family feud out into the future.
Honor is both an individual trait, and a contract *between* two or more
folk.
--
G. Wolfe Woodbury @ The Wolves Den, Durham NC [This site is NOT affiliated ]
wolfe@wolves.durham.nc.us [with Duke University! Idiots!]
UUCP: ...!duke!wolves!wolfe <Standard Disclaimers apply>
Above All, we celebrate! --Celebrate the Circle, Statement of Purpose.
| 0alt.atheism |
In article <1993Apr22.014646.28445@ucsu.Colorado.EDU>, andersom@spot.Colorado.EDU (Marc Anderson) writes:
|> In article <1993Apr21.001707.9999@ucsu.Colorado.EDU> andersom@spot.Colorado.EDU (Marc Anderson) writes:
|> [...]
|> >
|> >(the date I have for this is 1-26-93)
|> >
|> >note Clinton's statements about encryption in the 3rd paragraph.. I guess
|> >this statement doesen't contradict what you said, though.
|> >
|> >--- cut here ---
|> >
|> > WASHINGTON (UPI) -- The War on Drugs is about to get a fresh
|> >start, President Clinton told delegates to the National Federation
|> >of Police Commisioners convention in Washington.
|> > In the first speech on the drug issue since his innaugural,
|> >Clinton said that his planned escalation of the Drug War ``would make
|> >everything so far seem so half-hearted that for all practical
|> [...]
|>
|> I just found out from my source that this article was a joke. Heh heh..
|> It seemed pretty damn convincing to me from the start -- I just didn't
|> notice the smiley at the end of the article, and there were a few other
|> hints which I should of caught.
Well, isn't this just a hoot! :) All I read on this group is a bunch
of ppl fearing the misuses of information by the big bad evil govt.
This just happens to be a case of an ordinary-joe-netter, who decided
that he would create and/or distribute some misinformation. Ppl buy
into BS posts like this (I know, because I forwarded a copy of the
post to my office mate, who turned around and was (although he won't
admit it...sorry Joe!) ready to get in a fight about F-O-R-F-E-I-T-U-R-E!!!)
Please, if we're going to hold our govt (which admittedly has had and
still has its problems) to high standards, then mustn't we follow these
too? Electronic Freedoms only go so far.
|> Anyway -- I guess this 'joke' did turn out to resemble Clinton's true
|> feelings at least to some extent.
|>
|> Sorry about that...
|>
|> -marc
|> andersom@spot.colorado.edu
Hey, I'm willing to forgive...after of course my office mate takes his
extra anti-paranoia pills! :)
Doug McKee
mckee@cs.buffalo.edu
| 11sci.crypt |
To get hierarchical icon groups in MS-Windows use Norton Desktop for Windows.
MS Windows in not mature. It's lousy. But its supposed to be lousy. It's
goal is to be ubiquitous not good. MS-Windows is the
course for the masses in IT Infrastructure 102. (DOS = 102, CP/M = 101.)
Unix was the course for the cogniscenti in IT Infrastructure 101. Together
they prove that there is good effect of good IT, and there is good effect
of ubiquitous IT. What we need, now is both at a significiantly higher
level of function. POSIX + DCE + CORBA + ????? ? See the problem?
NT may be IT Infrastructure 103, but it will also be IT Monopoly 102. (101
was IBM.)
We have a conundrum, gentlepeople. What are we going to do about it?
dubious-
lee
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<> Lee D. Rothstein <> VeriTech <> 7 Merrymeeting Drive <>
<> Merrimack, NH 03054-2934 <> 603-424-2900 <> Fax: 603-424-8549 <>
<> Information Technology Verification & Leadership <>
| 2comp.os.ms-windows.misc |
In article <1993Apr19.235430.6097@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu>
alee@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu (Alec Lee) writes:
> Is there an ftp site where I can get the MS speaker sound driver?
There's
> a "sound.exe" file that claims to be the driver but I'm suspicious since
> it's not a .drv file.
>
> Thanks
>
> Alec Lee
The sound.exe is actually a self extracting script which includes the .drv
file. Works great!
-Eric
| 2comp.os.ms-windows.misc |
In article <93088.112203JER4@psuvm.psu.edu> JER4@psuvm.psu.edu (John E. Rodway) writes:
>Any comments on the use of the drug Parlodel for high prolactin in the blood?
>
It can suppress secretion of prolactin. Is useful in cases of galactorrhea.
Some adenomas of the pituitary secret too much.
--
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gordon Banks N3JXP | "Skepticism is the chastity of the intellect, and
geb@cadre.dsl.pitt.edu | it is shameful to surrender it too soon."
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 13sci.med |
I was wondering if anyone types in the box scores each day.
I am at college and am not able to get them till the weekend.
I would be thankful if someone could p-mail the Twins box scores every so
often.
Also I am looking for a Twins 93 schedule.
kesslerm@columbia.dsu.edu
| 9rec.sport.baseball |
The MOTIF application consists of multiple Transient shells as children
of a single TopLevel shell:
+-----------+ +---------------+ +----------------+
| AppShell |---| TopLevelShell |---| TransientShell |
+-----------+ +---------------+ | +----------------+
|
| +----------------+
|-| TransientShell |
| +----------------+
|
While a Transient shell is popped-up, my application modifies the
sensitivity of a button in the TopLevel shell which is hidden by the
Transient shell window. When the Transient shell is popped-down, the
button sensitivity is correct but the button text remains unchanged
(i.e., solid/shaded). Subsequent selection of the button causes the
text to revert to the correct visual state.
When tracing event messages sent to the application, many of the events
seen under mwm are not present under OpenWindows.
If anyone has any suggestions or solutions please post or send me mail.
Thanks!
| 5comp.windows.x |
In article <1993Apr20.210651.5687@gn.ecn.purdue.edu> mechalas@gn.ecn.purdue.edu (John P. Mechalas) writes:
>>Although I'm an atheist, the events in Waco have really sickened me. It's
>>truely a sad day for religious freedom in this country. The Branch
>>Dividians may have been nutty (my general opinion of all religious people),
>>but tax evasion and illegal possesion of firearms are certainly not grounds
>>for destroying a people.
>
>Excuse me? WHO destroyed the BD's? Last I knew, they burned themselves...
Where did you get this information? The FBI stated they were not
aware of any mass suicide plans, ditto Koresh's attorneys who appeared
on Larry King's Live yesterday, and the survivors claim the fire was started
from the outside...
>Prove to me that the FBI, ATF, or the Government in general either burned
>the compound themselves, or that the BD's had no choice but to commit
>mass suicide rather than coming out peacefully (a promise that was made
>twice by Koresh himself, which he broke both times).
>
>--
>John Mechalas "I'm not an actor, but
>mechalas@gn.ecn.purdue.edu I play one on TV."
>Aero Engineering, Purdue University #include disclaimer.h
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disclaimer: Opinions expressed are mine, not my employer's.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 18talk.politics.misc |
smith@phoneme.harvard.edu (Steven Smith) writes:
>bross@sandbanks.cosc.brocku.ca (Brian Ross) writes:
>
>> In the world of the future, Bill Clinton will appoint Canadians to
>> govern all American institutions (starting with the American health
>> care system). We will be benevolent Canadian dictators.
>
>With yet another tax being floated by the Clinton administration to
>pay for new ``free'' social programs, I've really begun to suspect
>that the Canadians, long resentful of their place in the American
>shadow, brainwashed an American draft dodger who fled to Canada some
>time between 1966 and 1968, tutored him in the ways of Canadian
>socialism, awarded him with smokeless marijuana cigarettes when he got
>the correct answers, then returned him to the states (under the
>control of the domineering wife assigned to his case) to attain high
>public office and destroy the evil individualistic and free market
>forces in America, thus shaping America in the Canadian image.
And not only that, made a second clone from the same tissue sample
after that of said domineering wife, to run at the helm of the
more-pro-business party under guise of more free trade ... and
she did inhale, many times, to boot ...
(-; (-; (-;
gld
--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Je me souviens ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gary L. Dare
> gld@columbia.EDU GO Winnipeg Jets GO!!!
> gld@cunixc.BITNET Selanne + Domi ==> Stanley
| 18talk.politics.misc |
If a X-window package exists, that runs om PC, DOS (and maybe MS-windows)
I would be very happy to hear about it.
Thanx in advance.
-- Eigil Krogh Sorensen
| 5comp.windows.x |
In article <1993Apr21.140804.15028@draper.com> mrf4276@egbsun12.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (Matthew R. Feulner) writes:
>|> Need to find atleast $1billion for prize money.
>
>My first thought is Ross Perot. After further consideration, I think he'd
>be more likely to try to win it...but come in a disappointing third.
>Try Bill Gates. Try Sam Walton's kids.
When the Lunar Society's $500M estimate of the cost of a lunar colony was
mentioned at Making Orbit, somebody asked Jerry Pournelle "have you talked
to Bill Gates?". The answer: "Yes. He says that if he were going to
sink that much money into it, he'd want to run it -- and he doesn't have
the time."
(Somebody then asked him about Perot. Answer: "Having Ross Perot on your
board may be a bigger problem than not having the money.")
--
All work is one man's work. | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology
- Kipling | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry
| 14sci.space |
>Dear Brother Bill,
>
>One way or another -- so much for patience. Too bad you couldn't just
>wait. Was the prospect of God's Message just too much to take?
So do you want the president to specifically order each and every activity
of the FBI, or what? And how willing are you to blame Reagan and Bush,
directly, for the incidents that took place in the War on Drugs in their
administration? Are you going to blame Bush for the fact that Weaver's wife,
infant, son were killed? It happened while he was president.
| 19talk.religion.misc |
In article <1qmugcINNpu9@gap.caltech.edu> hal@cco.caltech.edu (Hal Finney) writes:
>The key question is whether non-Clipper encryption will be made illegal.
>
>> The Administration is not saying, "since encryption
>> threatens the public safety and effective law enforcement,
>> we will prohibit it outright" (as some countries have
>> effectively done); nor is the U.S. saying that "every
>> American, as a matter of right, is entitled to an
>> unbreakable commercial encryption product." There is a
>> false "tension" created in the assessment that this issue is
>> an "either-or" proposition. Rather, both concerns can be,
>> and in fact are, harmoniously balanced through a reasoned,
>> balanced approach such as is proposed with the "Clipper
>> Chip" and similar encryption techniques.
>
>The clear middle ground implied by these statements is to say that Americans
>have the right to Clipper encryption, but not to unbreakable encryption.
>This implies that, ultimately, non-Clipper strong encryption must become
>illegal.
[Text deleted, no value judgement implied]
>It's shocking and frightening to see that this is actually happening here.
>
>Hal Finney
>hal@alumni.caltech.edu
More than shocking. What this says to me is no less than that government
is very interested in monitoring the public. This does more than scare me,
it mortifies me.
PGP and RIPEM must become widespread enough to resist what Mr. Finney has
[IMHO correctly] identified as the next logical step. What was once an
academic discussion with regard to concealing cyphertext, has now become
a real consideration.
The rhetoric that the clinton administration seems obsessed with, harmony,
either or propositions, tension, tells me that they know how difficult
it will be to sell this proposition.
The phrase I hear more and more is "I can't believe this is actually happening
here." Call me conserative, Clinton was a huge mistake that we'll all be
paying for tommorow and many years from now.
Have we approached the age of speakeasy public key depositiories?
uni (Dark)
--
uni@acs.bu.edu -> Public Keys by finger and/or request
Public Key Archives at <pgp-public-keys@junkbox.cc.iastate.edu>
Sovereignty is the sign of a brutal past.
| 11sci.crypt |
Does anyone know how to decode the color information of a NTSC signal ?
I need to convert this data to RGB for a Video Capture Utility I am
writing for use with an IBM M-MOTION Video adapter card...
I need to know the how the V and U signals work in the color process.
Thanks in advance for any information or algorythms etc.
Later-
Hammonck Net
| 1comp.graphics |
In article <1rgtba$gtn@access.digex.net> farley@access.digex.com (Charles
U. Farley) writes:
>
> I know this is probably a FAQ, but...
>
> I installed the s/w for my ATI graphics card, and it bashed my Windows
> logo files. When I start Windows now, it has the 3.0 logo instead of
> the 3.1 logo.
>
> I thought the files that controlled this were
>
> \WINDOWS\SYSTEM\VGALOGO.RLE
> \WINDOWS\SYSTEM\VGALOGO.LGO
>
> I restored these files, but it didn't change the logo. Anyone know what
> the correct files are?
>
> Thanks.
>
Somewhere (ftp.cica.indiana.edu or SIMTEL20 mirror) there is a program
called winlogo.zip that does the trick. It works great. I believe the
reason why you can't change the files you mentioned is that the logo is
actually imbeded into the windows executable (Somebody please
correct/expand on this)
-Eric
>
> --
> farley@access.digex.com <Charles U. Farley>
> Average IQ of Calgary Board of Ed. Employee: 65
| 2comp.os.ms-windows.misc |
In article <121692@netnews.upenn.edu> kkeller@mail.sas.upenn.edu (Keith
Keller) writes:
> [real long but good post on Yankee trades omitted]
>
> I disagree on one point: Velarde. Yes, maybe the Yanks should have let
> him develop, but he rode the Columbus Shuttle way too many times to do
so.
> Probably the fault of George, but no matter now. His usefulness is
done,
> he will not be able to develop into a good player this deep in his
career
> (at least I don't think so). His fielding is horrendous at 3rd (maybe
> he'd be good at short?), he can't his the curve at all, and I think all
> his trips from New York to Columbus and back have demoralized him to the
> point that he just doesn't care. Get rid of him, I say--the sooner the
> better, for both the Yanks and Velarde.
>
> --
> Keith Keller LET'S GO RANGERS!!!!!
>
Velarde hasn't been to Columbus, if I recall, for about three
years. Granted, he hasn't been a full time player but
when he does play I've always thought he had a good bat.
He might be demoralized about not playing full time, but
he hasn't been shuttled around. I think he's been in New York
ever since he had 34 hits in 100 AB back in 1989, or 90, I
believe.
I don't think he is gold glove calibre, but he doesn't boot
it around either. I think if Velarde is given a chance,
he could become extremely productive. I don't have any stats
to back this up, and I don't know if his Defense would
cost any games, but I think he could help - and he has
this year. He has 3 HR already. Same goes for
Jim Leyrtiz. He has a big mouth, but he does get
the job done when he concentrates. I think the situation
with Leyritz is that he believes he is a potential
super-star, and he gets pissed about not playing. I
think he might have realized something when the Marlins
or Rockies didn't select him.
The Yanks need to worry about the Bullpen right now.
Kamieniecki and Wickman/Militello in the bullpen?
Ouch. I'm praying that the BP will return to last year's
form....
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>--Chris /\ What I'm listening to: <
>giant@wam.umd.edu \/ <
> /\ Anything that guitar god <
> Go Yankees!! \/ Dann Huff plays on...... <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| 9rec.sport.baseball |
3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware | |
In article <1993Apr15.162552.5510@gordian.com> mike@gordian.com (Michael A. Thomas) writes:
>In article <1qjtmjINNq45@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov>, carlos@beowulf.Jpl.Nasa.Gov (Carlos Carrion) writes:
>> I have come to the conclusion that the TV stations here in LA
>> WANT a riot to happen when the verdict comes in.
>
> Why is this surprising? Then the _Times_ can get a few more
>Pulitzers the same way they did last year.
I suppose ALL media want something to happen, otherwise what would
they report: that's their job. (duhhh to me!)
But it's not so much surprising that they want a riot as it is amazing
how they carry that desire across in not so subtle ways (at least to
me...)
carlos.
"I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position
assigned to the white race" - Abraham Lincoln
...ames!elroy!jpl-devvax!{beowulf|pituco}!carlos
| 18talk.politics.misc |
While I will first congratulate the Blues for their victory, I think it must
be realized that the primary reason the Blues were able to win was Curtis
Joseph. When a goalkeeper gets hot, there is little an opposing team can do.
Joseph should be given the entire city of St. Louis, because otherwise there
would probably be a game 6 scheduled.
As for the game on Sunday. The Blues caught a few breaks, without a doubt.
One was the Referee constantly watching the Blackhawks, looking for reasons to
give them penalties. Second, The Blues first goal resulted because the puck
hit the linesman as the Blackhawks attempted to clear. No linesman, no shot
for Brett(I can redirect anything)Hull to redirect. On another of St. Louis'
goals, Belfour was tripped from behind as he went to make the save by someone
who didn't belong in the crease, which means it was a St. Louis player.
Finally, the overtime goal was caused because someone kept Belfour from getting back to the crease. No goalie, no way to stop the shot.
I congratulate St. Louis for beating the Hawks. It will be a shame to see
Bryan Murray finally advance to the Campbell Conference Finals because Joseph
won't be able to stop the powerful Red Wing attack.
____________________________________________________________________________
|The World Reknown Jason Boskey | Mail: Bosk@uiuc.edu |
|Known throughout the World as The Bosk |"Christ, you know it ain't easy,|
|All Rights Reserved, All Lefts Enhanced |You know how hard it can be, |
|-----------------------------------------|The way things are goin' |
|"Here they come spinning out of the turn"|They're gonna crucify me" |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 10rec.sport.hockey |
In article <C5D2L2.7wx@undergrad.math.uwaterloo.ca> papresco@undergrad.math.uwaterloo.ca (Paul Prescod) writes:
>>
>>which part didn't you understand? Has Canada eliminated crime? No?
>>Then it's rather obvious that your claim that they wouldn't have
>>been fired upon in the first place is completely bogus. I note you
>>think the Brady Bill is only a partial control. Nice to know you
>>agree that it won't be effective, a very literal translation of the
>>claim made even by Sarah Brady.
>
>
>Of course it won't. I consider it a first step on the road to true
>gun control.
OOooooHhhh! He admits it! The infamous "first step". Let's look at
it this way. I have never harmed anyone with my firearms. I have
successfully defended myself with them. I have successfully procurred
food with them. I have successfully had much enjoyment in target
practicing with them.
In that order firearms are important to me. Friend, I was raped as a
child by an older child who had a knife. That ain't never gonna
happen again. There is no one, including yourself, who will *ever*
make me a victim again. As long as you don't try to make me a victim,
I will leave you alone. But if you *ever* try to make me a victim,
I'll fight you all the way, such as I'm doing now. And I'll fight you
with a response appropriate to the situation. Now, you aren't
advocating making me a victim are you? Exactly what are you doing?
--
Anmar Mirza # Chief of Tranquility #My Opinions! NotIU's!#CIANSAKGBFBI
EMT-D # Base, Lawrence Co. IN # Legalize Explosives!#ASSASINATEDEA
N9ISY (tech) # Somewhere out on the # Politicians prefer #NAZIPLUTONIUM
Networks Tech.# Mirza Ranch.C'mon over# unarmed peasants. #PRESIDENTFEMA
| 18talk.politics.misc |
Hello,
I am searching for rendering software which has been developed
to specifically take advantage of multi-processor computer systems.
Any pointers to such software would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks.
--
Billy Carter, Software Engineering Section
Southwest Research Institute
wcarter@swri.edu
| 1comp.graphics |
In article <1quh74$r71@irz401.inf.tu-dresden.de>, beck@irzr17.inf.tu-dresden.de (Andre Beck) writes:
|>
|> In article <C5oL74.3B1@aeon.in-berlin.de>, thomas@aeon.in-berlin.de (Thomas Wolfram) writes:
|> |> >Hey guys!
|> |> >I work on many stations and would like this name and current logname
|> |> >to be in a title of Xterm when it's open and a machine name only
|> |> >when it's closed. In other words, I want $HOST and $LOGNAME to appear
|> |> >as a title of opened XTerm and $HOST when XTerm is closed.
|> |> >How can I do it?
|> |>
|> |> Almost all window managers (twm, mwm, olwm and their derivates) support
|> |> escape sequences for it. For your purpose put following into your
|> |> .login (if you're using csh or tcsh), for sh you have to modify it.
|> |>
|> |> if ( "$term" == "xterm" ) then
|> |> echo "^[]2;${LOGNAME}@${HOST}^G^[]1;${HOST}^G"
|> |> endif
|> |>
|>
|> 1) This is NOT a feature of the Window Manager but of xterm.
|> 2) This sequences are NOT ANSI compatible, are they ?
|> Does anyone know IF there are compatible sequences for this and what they
|> are ? I would think they are DCS (device control sequence) introduced,
|> but may be a CSI sequence exists, too ?
|> This MUST work on a dxterm (VT and ANSI compatible), it may not work
|> on xterms.
It works on xterms. At least I have no problem with it. - Back to the original
question:
I usually start new xterms by selecting the proper menu entry in my desktop
menu. Here is a sample command:
xterm -sl 999 -n ls12i -title ls12i -e rlogin ls12i &
The -n and -title options give the text for window and icon. As I use the
tcsh (a wonderful extension of the csh), I can do the following:
I have an
alias precmd echo -n '^[]2\;${HOST}:$cwd^G'
in my ~/.tcshrc. This is a special alias for tvtwm. It is executed each time
before printing the prompt. So, I have the current host name and the current
directory path in the title bar of my xterms.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
____
UniDo / Ingolf Markhof University of Dortmund, LS Informatik XII
___/ / P.O. Box 500 500, D-4600 Dortmund 50, F.R. Germany
\ \ / Phone: +49 (231) 755 6142, Fax: +49 (231) 755 6555
\__\/ Email: markhof@ls12.informatik.uni-dortmund.de
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 5comp.windows.x |
Bill Gripp writes
>>Anyway, I've often wondered what business followers of Christ would have
>>with weapons.
>FYI, these people were not "followers of Christ". David Koresh was
>their messiah.
ok, but didn't Jesus figure somewhere into their beliefs? Anyway, my
original question regarding christians and weaponry still stands.
--
Peter M. Yadlowsky | Wake! The sky is light!
Academic Computing Center | Let us to the Net again...
University of Virginia | Companion keyboard.
pmy@Virginia.EDU | - after Basho
| 19talk.religion.misc |
arf@genesis.MCS.COM (Jack Schmidling) writes:
>
> Yigal et al, sue ADL
>
Why do you title this "News you will miss" ?
There have been at least three front-page stories on it in the L.A. Times.
I wouldn't exactly call that a media cover-up.
> js
>
___Samuel___
Mossad Special Agent ID314159
Media Spiking & Mind Control Division
Los Angeles Offices
--
_________Pratice Safe .Signature! Prevent Dangerous Signature Virii!_______
Guildenstern: Our names shouted in a certain dawn ... a message ... a
summons ... There must have been a moment, at the beginning,
where we could have said -- no. But somehow we missed it.
| 17talk.politics.mideast |
In article <19439@pitt.UUCP> geb@cs.pitt.edu (Gordon Banks) writes:
>... the neiseria meningococcus is one of the most common
>forms of meningitis. It's the one that sometimes sweeps
>schools or boot camp. It is contagious and kills by attacking
>the covering of the brain, causing the blood vessels to thrombose
>and the brain to swell up.
>
> ...
>
>It can live in the throat of carriers. Don't worry, you won't get
>it from them, especially if they took the medication.
Assuming one has been cultured as having a throat laden with
neiseria meningococcus and given (and taken) a course of ERYC
without the culture becoming negative, should one worry about
being a carrier?
-- Elizabeth
walkup@cs.washington.edu
| 13sci.med |
CCHB@MUSICT.MCGILL.CA (CCHB) writes:
>1) The current roster of the Lynx.
Someone on the minor league mailing list probably does.
>2) Home game schedule of the Lynx.
I do, but I don't have time to type the whole thing in (I don't mind looking
up specific date ranges or individual games when I can, but there are
limits).
Besides, this stuff is EASY to find. Baseball America puts out a book called
the Directory. It's $10(US). Has every team's data and schedule in it. If I
WERE to type in the whole scheudle, I'd just be spending a lot of time
infringing on their copyright.
Folks who are interested in the minors should check out my minor league list
(see the signature), and folks who are tracking down team schedules should
chec out the BA Directory. You can order it from 800-845-2726. I find it
indispenable.
--
Chuq "IMHO" Von Rospach, ESD Support & Training (DAL/AUX) =+= chuq@apple.com
Member, SFWA =+= Editor, OtherRealms =+= GEnie: MAC.BIGOT =+= ALink:CHUQ
Minor League fans: minors-request@medraut.apple.com (San Jose Giants: A/1/9)
San Francisco Giants fans: giants-request@medraut.apple.com (The Stick?NOT!)
San Jose Sharks fans: sharks-request@medraut.apple.com (New seat: 127/TBD)
| 9rec.sport.baseball |
After I have produced a schematic with PADS-LOGIC, how do I import it into
PADS-PCB to create a PCB pattern? The only way I've gotten it to work is
to output a FutureNet netlist, and then import this into PADS-PCB. Is there
another way of doing this? I didn't see any information in the instructions
provided, but I might have missed something. Any suggestions would be
greatly appreciated. Thanks!
_I_______________________________________________________________________I_
(_@_) (_@_)
| | Raymond Yeung Internet: Nimbus@uiuc.edu | |
| | rky57514@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu | |
| | EE student at the | |
| | University of Illinois CompuServe: 70700,1011 | |
| | at Urbana-Champaign | |
(___)-------------------------------------------------------------------(___)
I I
| 12sci.electronics |
Archive-name: jpeg-faq
Last-modified: 18 April 1993
This FAQ article discusses JPEG image compression. Suggestions for
additions and clarifications are welcome.
New since version of 3 April 1993:
* New versions of Image Archiver and PMJPEG for OS/2.
This article includes the following sections:
[1] What is JPEG?
[2] Why use JPEG?
[3] When should I use JPEG, and when should I stick with GIF?
[4] How well does JPEG compress images?
[5] What are good "quality" settings for JPEG?
[6] Where can I get JPEG software?
[6A] "canned" software, viewers, etc.
[6B] source code
[7] What's all this hoopla about color quantization?
[8] How does JPEG work?
[9] What about lossless JPEG?
[10] Why all the argument about file formats?
[11] How do I recognize which file format I have, and what do I do about it?
[12] What about arithmetic coding?
[13] Does loss accumulate with repeated compression/decompression?
[14] What are some rules of thumb for converting GIF images to JPEG?
Sections 1-6 are basic info that every JPEG user needs to know;
sections 7-14 are advanced info for the curious.
This article is posted every 2 weeks. You can always find the latest version
in the news.answers archive at rtfm.mit.edu (18.172.1.27). By FTP, fetch
/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq; or if you don't have FTP, send e-mail to
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with body "send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq".
Many other FAQ articles are also stored in this archive. For more
instructions on use of the archive, send e-mail to the same address with the
words "help" and "index" (no quotes) on separate lines. If you don't get a
reply, the server may be misreading your return address; add a line such as
"path myname@mysite" to specify your correct e-mail address to reply to.
----------
[1] What is JPEG?
JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized image compression mechanism.
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, the original name of the
committee that wrote the standard. JPEG is designed for compressing either
full-color or gray-scale digital images of "natural", real-world scenes.
It does not work so well on non-realistic images, such as cartoons or line
drawings.
JPEG does not handle black-and-white (1-bit-per-pixel) images, nor does it
handle motion picture compression. Standards for compressing those types
of images are being worked on by other committees, named JBIG and MPEG
respectively.
JPEG is "lossy", meaning that the image you get out of decompression isn't
quite identical to what you originally put in. The algorithm achieves much
of its compression by exploiting known limitations of the human eye, notably
the fact that small color details aren't perceived as well as small details
of light-and-dark. Thus, JPEG is intended for compressing images that will
be looked at by humans. If you plan to machine-analyze your images, the
small errors introduced by JPEG may be a problem for you, even if they are
invisible to the eye.
A useful property of JPEG is that the degree of lossiness can be varied by
adjusting compression parameters. This means that the image maker can trade
off file size against output image quality. You can make *extremely* small
files if you don't mind poor quality; this is useful for indexing image
archives, making thumbnail views or icons, etc. etc. Conversely, if you
aren't happy with the output quality at the default compression setting, you
can jack up the quality until you are satisfied, and accept lesser compression.
[2] Why use JPEG?
There are two good reasons: to make your image files smaller, and to store
24-bit-per-pixel color data instead of 8-bit-per-pixel data.
Making image files smaller is a big win for transmitting files across
networks and for archiving libraries of images. Being able to compress a
2 Mbyte full-color file down to 100 Kbytes or so makes a big difference in
disk space and transmission time! (If you are comparing GIF and JPEG, the
size ratio is more like four to one. More details below.)
If your viewing software doesn't support JPEG directly, you'll have to
convert JPEG to some other format for viewing or manipulating images. Even
with a JPEG-capable viewer, it takes longer to decode and view a JPEG image
than to view an image of a simpler format (GIF, for instance). Thus, using
JPEG is essentially a time/space tradeoff: you give up some time in order to
store or transmit an image more cheaply.
It's worth noting that when network or phone transmission is involved, the
time savings from transferring a shorter file can be much greater than the
extra time to decompress the file. I'll let you do the arithmetic yourself.
The other reason why JPEG will gradually replace GIF as a standard Usenet
posting format is that JPEG can store full color information: 24 bits/pixel
(16 million colors) instead of 8 or less (256 or fewer colors). If you have
only 8-bit display hardware then this may not seem like much of an advantage
to you. Within a couple of years, though, 8-bit GIF will look as obsolete as
black-and-white MacPaint format does today. Furthermore, for reasons detailed
in section 7, JPEG is far more useful than GIF for exchanging images among
people with widely varying color display hardware. Hence JPEG is considerably
more appropriate than GIF for use as a Usenet posting standard.
[3] When should I use JPEG, and when should I stick with GIF?
JPEG is *not* going to displace GIF entirely; for some types of images,
GIF is superior in image quality, file size, or both. One of the first
things to learn about JPEG is which kinds of images to apply it to.
As a rule of thumb, JPEG is superior to GIF for storing full-color or
gray-scale images of "realistic" scenes; that means scanned photographs and
similar material. JPEG is superior even if you don't have 24-bit display
hardware, and it is a LOT superior if you do. (See section 7 for details.)
GIF does significantly better on images with only a few distinct colors,
such as cartoons and line drawings. In particular, large areas of pixels
that are all *exactly* the same color are compressed very efficiently indeed
by GIF. JPEG can't squeeze these files as much as GIF does without
introducing visible defects. This sort of image is best kept in GIF form.
(In particular, single-color borders are quite cheap in GIF files, but they
should be avoided in JPEG files.)
JPEG also has a hard time with very sharp edges: a row of pure-black pixels
adjacent to a row of pure-white pixels, for example. Sharp edges tend to
come out blurred unless you use a very high quality setting. Again, this
sort of thing is not found in scanned photographs, but it shows up fairly
often in GIF files: borders, overlaid text, etc. The blurriness is
particularly objectionable with text that's only a few pixels high.
If you have a GIF with a lot of small-size overlaid text, don't JPEG it.
Computer-drawn images (ray-traced scenes, for instance) usually fall between
scanned images and cartoons in terms of complexity. The more complex and
subtly rendered the image, the more likely that JPEG will do well on it.
The same goes for semi-realistic artwork (fantasy drawings and such).
Plain black-and-white (two level) images should never be converted to JPEG.
You need at least about 16 gray levels before JPEG is useful for gray-scale
images. It should also be noted that GIF is lossless for gray-scale images
of up to 256 levels, while JPEG is not.
If you have an existing library of GIF images, you may wonder whether you
should convert them to JPEG. You will lose a little image quality if you do.
(Section 7, which argues that JPEG image quality is superior to GIF, only
applies if both formats start from a full-color original. If you start from
a GIF, you've already irretrievably lost a great deal of information; JPEG
can only make things worse.) However, the disk space savings may justify
converting anyway. This is a decision you'll have to make for yourself.
If you do convert a GIF library to JPEG, see section 14 for hints. Be
prepared to leave some images in GIF format, since some GIFs will not
convert well.
[4] How well does JPEG compress images?
Pretty darn well. Here are some sample file sizes for an image I have
handy, a 727x525 full-color image of a ship in a harbor. The first three
files are for comparison purposes; the rest were created with the free JPEG
software described in section 6B.
File Size in bytes Comments
ship.ppm 1145040 Original file in PPM format (no compression; 24 bits
or 3 bytes per pixel, plus a few bytes overhead)
ship.ppm.Z 963829 PPM file passed through Unix compress
compress doesn't accomplish a lot, you'll note.
Other text-oriented compressors give similar results.
ship.gif 240438 Converted to GIF with ppmquant -fs 256 | ppmtogif
Most of the savings is the result of losing color
info: GIF saves 8 bits/pixel, not 24. (See sec. 7.)
ship.jpg95 155622 cjpeg -Q 95 (highest useful quality setting)
This is indistinguishable from the 24-bit original,
at least to my nonprofessional eyeballs.
ship.jpg75 58009 cjpeg -Q 75 (default setting)
You have to look mighty darn close to distinguish this
from the original, even with both on-screen at once.
ship.jpg50 38406 cjpeg -Q 50
This has slight defects; if you know what to look
for, you could tell it's been JPEGed without seeing
the original. Still as good image quality as many
recent postings in Usenet pictures groups.
ship.jpg25 25192 cjpeg -Q 25
JPEG's characteristic "blockiness" becomes apparent
at this setting (djpeg -blocksmooth helps some).
Still, I've seen plenty of Usenet postings that were
of poorer image quality than this.
ship.jpg5o 6587 cjpeg -Q 5 -optimize (-optimize cuts table overhead)
Blocky, but perfectly satisfactory for preview or
indexing purposes. Note that this file is TINY:
the compression ratio from the original is 173:1 !
In this case JPEG can make a file that's a factor of four or five smaller
than a GIF of comparable quality (the -Q 75 file is every bit as good as the
GIF, better if you have a full-color display). This seems to be a typical
ratio for real-world scenes.
[5] What are good "quality" settings for JPEG?
Most JPEG compressors let you pick a file size vs. image quality tradeoff by
selecting a quality setting. There seems to be widespread confusion about
the meaning of these settings. "Quality 95" does NOT mean "keep 95% of the
information", as some have claimed. The quality scale is purely arbitrary;
it's not a percentage of anything.
The name of the game in using JPEG is to pick the lowest quality setting
(smallest file size) that decompresses into an image indistinguishable from
the original. This setting will vary from one image to another and from one
observer to another, but here are some rules of thumb.
The default quality setting (-Q 75) is very often the best choice. This
setting is about the lowest you can go without expecting to see defects in a
typical image. Try -Q 75 first; if you see defects, then go up. Except for
experimental purposes, never go above -Q 95; saying -Q 100 will produce a
file two or three times as large as -Q 95, but of hardly any better quality.
If the image was less than perfect quality to begin with, you might be able to
go down to -Q 50 without objectionable degradation. On the other hand, you
might need to go to a HIGHER quality setting to avoid further degradation.
The second case seems to apply much of the time when converting GIFs to JPEG.
The default -Q 75 is about right for compressing 24-bit images, but -Q 85 to
95 is usually better for converting GIFs (see section 14 for more info).
If you want a very small file (say for preview or indexing purposes) and are
prepared to tolerate large defects, a -Q setting in the range of 5 to 10 is
about right. -Q 2 or so may be amusing as "op art".
(Note: the quality settings discussed in this article apply to the free JPEG
software described in section 6B, and to many programs based on it. Other
JPEG implementations, such as Image Alchemy, may use a completely different
quality scale. Some programs don't even provide a numeric scale, just
"high"/"medium"/"low"-style choices.)
[6] Where can I get JPEG software?
Most of the programs described in this section are available by FTP.
If you don't know how to use FTP, see the FAQ article "How to find sources".
(If you don't have direct access to FTP, read about ftpmail servers in the
same article.) That article appears regularly in news.answers, or you can
get it by sending e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with
"send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources" in the body. The "Anonymous FTP
List FAQ" may also be helpful --- it's usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/faq in
the news.answers archive.
NOTE: this list changes constantly. If you have a copy more than a couple
months old, get the latest JPEG FAQ from the news.answers archive.
[6A] If you are looking for "canned" software, viewers, etc:
The first part of this list is system-specific programs that only run on one
kind of system. If you don't see what you want for your machine, check out
the portable JPEG software described at the end of the list. Note that this
list concentrates on free and shareware programs that you can obtain over
Internet; but some commercial programs are listed too.
X Windows:
John Bradley's free XV (version 2.00 and up) is an excellent viewer for JPEG,
GIF, and other image formats. It's available for FTP from export.lcs.mit.edu
or ftp.cis.upenn.edu. The file is called 'xv-???.tar.Z' (where ??? is the
version number, currently 2.21); it is located in the 'contrib' directory on
export or the 'pub/xv' directory at upenn. XV reduces all images to 8 bits
internally, which means it's not a real good choice if you have a 24-bit
display (you'll still get only 8-bit color). Also, you shouldn't use XV to
convert full-color images to JPEG, because they'll get color-quantized first.
But XV is a fine tool for converting GIF and other 8-bit images to JPEG.
CAUTION: there is a glitch in versions 2.21 and earlier: be sure to check
the "save at normal size" checkbox when saving a JPEG file, or the file will
be blurry.
Another good choice for X Windows is John Cristy's free ImageMagick package,
also available from export.lcs.mit.edu, file contrib/ImageMagick.tar.Z.
This package handles many image processing and conversion tasks. The
ImageMagick viewer handles 24-bit displays correctly; for colormapped
displays, it does better (though slower) color quantization than XV or the
basic free JPEG software.
Both of the above are large, complex packages. If you just want a simple
image viewer, try xloadimage or xli. xloadimage supports JPEG in its latest
release, 3.03. xloadimage is free and available from export.lcs.mit.edu,
file contrib/xloadimage.3.03.tar.Z. xli is a variant version of xloadimage,
said by its fans to be somewhat faster and more robust than the original.
(The current xli is indeed faster and more robust than the current
xloadimage, at least with respect to JPEG files, because it has the IJG v4
decoder while xloadimage 3.03 is using a hacked-over v1. The next
xloadimage release will fix this.) xli is also free and available from
export.lcs.mit.edu, file contrib/xli.1.14.tar.Z. Both programs are said
to do the right thing with 24-bit displays.
MS-DOS:
This covers plain DOS; for Windows or OS/2 programs, see the next headings.
One good choice is Eric Praetzel's free DVPEG, which views JPEG and GIF files.
The current version, 2.4a, is available by FTP from sunee.uwaterloo.ca
(129.97.50.50), file pub/jpeg/viewers/dvpeg24a.zip. This is a good basic
viewer that works on either 286 or 386/486 machines. The user interface is
not flashy, but it's functional.
Another freeware JPEG/GIF/TGA viewer is Mohammad Rezaei's Hiview. The
current version, 1.2, is available from Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE
below), file msdos/graphics/hv12.zip. Hiview requires a 386 or better CPU
and a VCPI-compatible memory manager (QEMM386 and 386MAX work; Windows and
OS/2 do not). Hiview is currently the fastest viewer for images that are no
bigger than your screen. For larger images, it scales the image down to fit
on the screen (rather than using panning/scrolling as most viewers do).
You may or may not prefer this approach, but there's no denying that it
slows down loading of large images considerably. Note: installation is a
bit tricky; read the directions carefully!
A shareware alternative is ColorView for DOS ($30). This is easier to
install than either of the two freeware alternatives. Its user interface is
also much spiffier-looking, although personally I find it harder to use ---
more keystrokes, inconsistent behavior. It is faster than DVPEG but a
little slower than Hiview, at least on my hardware. (For images larger than
screen size, DVPEG and ColorView seem to be about the same speed, and both
are faster than Hiview.) The current version is 2.1, available from
Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/dcview21.zip.
Requires a VESA graphics driver; if you don't have one, look in vesadrv2.zip
or vesa-tsr.zip from the same directory. (Many recent PCs have a built-in
VESA driver, so don't try to load a VESA driver unless ColorView complains
that the driver is missing.)
A second shareware alternative is Fullview, which has been kicking around
the net for a while, but I don't know any stable archive location for it.
The current (rather old) version is inferior to the above viewers anyway.
The author tells me that a new version of Fullview will be out shortly
and it will be submitted to the Simtel20 archives at that time.
The well-known GIF viewer CompuShow (CSHOW) supports JPEG in its latest
revision, 8.60a. However, CSHOW's JPEG implementation isn't very good:
it's slow (about half the speed of the above viewers) and image quality is
poor except on hi-color displays. Too bad ... it'd have been nice to see a
good JPEG capability in CSHOW. Shareware, $25. Available from Simtel20 and
mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/gif/cshw860a.zip.
Due to the remarkable variety of PC graphics hardware, any one of these
viewers might not work on your particular machine. If you can't get *any*
of them to work, you'll need to use one of the following conversion programs
to convert JPEG to GIF, then view with your favorite GIF viewer. (If you
have hi-color hardware, don't use GIF as the intermediate format; try to
find a TARGA-capable viewer instead. VPIC5.0 is reputed to do the right
thing with hi-color displays.)
The Independent JPEG Group's free JPEG converters are FTPable from Simtel20
and mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/jpeg4.zip (or
jpeg4386.zip if you have a 386 and extended memory). These files are DOS
compilations of the free source code described in section 6B; they will
convert JPEG to and from GIF, Targa, and PPM formats.
Handmade Software offers free JPEG<=>GIF conversion tools, GIF2JPG/JPG2GIF.
These are slow and are limited to conversion to and from GIF format; in
particular, you can't get 24-bit color output from a JPEG. The major
advantage of these tools is that they will read and write HSI's proprietary
JPEG format as well as the Usenet-standard JFIF format. Since HSI-format
files are rather widespread on BBSes, this is a useful capability. Version
2.0 of these tools is free (prior versions were shareware). Get it from
Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/gif2jpg2.zip.
NOTE: do not use HSI format for files to be posted on Internet, since it is
not readable on non-PC platforms.
Handmade Software also has a shareware image conversion and manipulation
package, Image Alchemy. This will translate JPEG files (both JFIF and HSI
formats) to and from many other image formats. It can also display images.
A demo version of Image Alchemy version 1.6.1 is available from Simtel20 and
mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/alch161.zip.
NOTE ABOUT SIMTEL20: The Internet's key archive site for PC-related programs
is Simtel20, full name wsmr-simtel20.army.mil (192.88.110.20). Simtel20
runs a non-Unix system with weird directory names; where this document
refers to directory (eg) "msdos/graphics" at Simtel20, that really means
"pd1:<msdos.graphics>". If you are not physically on MILnet, you should
expect rather slow FTP transfer rates from Simtel20. There are several
Internet sites that maintain copies (mirrors) of the Simtel20 archives;
most FTP users should go to one of the mirror sites instead. A popular USA
mirror site is oak.oakland.edu (141.210.10.117), which keeps Simtel20 files
in (eg) "/pub/msdos/graphics". If you have no FTP capability, you can
retrieve files from Simtel20 by e-mail; see informational postings in
comp.archives.msdos.announce to find out how. If you are outside the USA,
consult the same newsgroup to learn where your nearest Simtel20 mirror is.
Microsoft Windows:
There are several Windows programs capable of displaying JPEG images.
(Windows viewers are generally slower than DOS viewers on the same hardware,
due to Windows' system overhead. Note that you can run the DOS conversion
programs described above inside a Windows DOS window.)
The newest entry is WinECJ, which is free and EXTREMELY fast. Version 1.0
is available from ftp.rahul.net, file /pub/bryanw/pc/jpeg/wecj.zip.
Requires Windows 3.1 and 256-or-more-colors mode. This is a no-frills
viewer with the bad habit of hogging the machine completely while it
decodes; and the image quality is noticeably worse than other viewers.
But it's so fast you'll use it anyway, at least for previewing...
JView is freeware, fairly fast, has good on-line help, and can write out the
decompressed image in Windows BMP format; but it can't create new JPEG
files, and it doesn't view GIFs. JView also lacks some other useful
features of the shareware viewers (such as brightness adjustment), but it's
an excellent basic viewer. The current version, 0.9, is available from
ftp.cica.indiana.edu (129.79.20.84), file pub/pc/win3/desktop/jview090.zip.
(Mirrors of this archive can be found at some other Internet sites,
including wuarchive.wustl.edu.)
WinJPEG (shareware, $20) displays JPEG,GIF,Targa,TIFF, and BMP image files;
it can write all of these formats too, so it can be used as a converter.
It has some other nifty features including color-balance adjustment and
slideshow. The current version is 2.1, available from Simtel20 and mirror
sites (see NOTE above), file msdos/windows3/winjp210.zip. (This is a slow
286-compatible version; if you register, you'll get the 386-only version,
which is roughly 25% faster.)
ColorView is another shareware entry ($30). This was an early and promising
contender, but it has not been updated in some time, and at this point it
has no real advantages over WinJPEG. If you want to try it anyway, the
current version is 0.97, available from ftp.cica.indiana.edu, file
pub/pc/win3/desktop/cview097.zip. (I understand that a new version will
be appearing once the authors are finished with ColorView for DOS.)
DVPEG (see DOS heading) also works under Windows, but only in full-screen
mode, not in a window.
OS/2:
The following files are available from hobbes.nmsu.edu (128.123.35.151).
Note: check /pub/uploads for more recent versions --- the hobbes moderator
is not very fast about moving uploads into their permanent directories.
/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/jpegv4.zip
32-bit version of free IJG conversion programs, version 4.
/pub/os2/all/graphics/jpeg4-16.zip
16-bit version of same, for OS/2 1.x.
/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/imgarc11.zip
Image Archiver 1.01: image conversion/viewing with PM graphical interface.
Strong on conversion functions, viewing is a bit weaker. Shareware, $15.
/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/pmjpeg11.zip
PMJPEG 1.1: OS/2 2.x port of WinJPEG, a popular viewer for Windows
(see description in Windows section). Shareware, $20.
/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/pmview84.zip
PMView 0.84: JPEG/GIF/BMP viewer. GIF viewing very fast, JPEG viewing
fast if you have huge amounts of RAM, otherwise about the same speed
as the above programs. Strong 24-bit display support. Shareware, $20.
Macintosh:
Most Mac JPEG programs rely on Apple's JPEG implementation, which is part of
the QuickTime system extension; so you need to have QuickTime installed.
To use QuickTime, you need a 68020 or better CPU and you need to be running
System 6.0.7 or later. (If you're running System 6, you must also install
the 32-bit QuickDraw extension; this is built-in on System 7.) You can get
QuickTime by FTP from ftp.apple.com, file dts/mac/quicktime/quicktime.hqx.
(As of 11/92, this file contains QuickTime 1.5, which is better than QT 1.0
in several ways. With respect to JPEG, it is marginally faster and
considerably less prone to crash when fed a corrupt JPEG file. However,
some applications seem to have compatibility problems with QT 1.5.)
Mac users should keep in mind that QuickTime's JPEG format, PICT/JPEG, is
not the same as the Usenet-standard JFIF JPEG format. (See section 10 for
details.) If you post images on Usenet, make sure they are in JFIF format.
Most of the programs mentioned below can generate either format.
The first choice is probably JPEGView, a free program for viewing images
that are in JFIF format, PICT/JPEG format, or GIF format. It also can
convert between the two JPEG formats. The current version, 2.0, is a big
improvement over prior versions. Get it from sumex-aim.stanford.edu
(36.44.0.6), file /info-mac/app/jpeg-view-20.hqx. Requires System 7 and
QuickTime. On 8-bit displays, JPEGView usually produces the best color
image quality of all the currently available Mac JPEG viewers. JPEGView can
view large images in much less memory than other Mac viewers; in fact, it's
the only one that can deal with JPEG images much over 640x480 pixels on a
typical 4MB Mac. Given a large image, JPEGView automatically scales it down
to fit on the screen, rather than presenting scroll bars like most other
viewers. (You can zoom in on any desired portion, though.) Some people
like this behavior, some don't. Overall, JPEGView's user interface is very
well thought out.
GIFConverter, a shareware ($40) image viewer/converter, supports JFIF and
PICT/JPEG, as well as GIF and several other image formats. The latest
version is 2.3.2. Get it from sumex-aim.stanford.edu, file
/info-mac/art/gif/gif-converter-232.hqx. Requires System 6.0.5 or later.
GIFConverter is not better than JPEGView as a plain JPEG/GIF viewer, but
it has much more extensive image manipulation and format conversion
capabilities, so you may find it worth its shareware fee if you do a lot of
playing around with images. Also, the newest version of GIFConverter can
load and save JFIF images *without* QuickTime, so it is your best bet if
your machine is too old to run QuickTime. (But it's faster with QuickTime.)
Note: If GIFConverter runs out of memory trying to load a large JPEG, try
converting the file to GIF with JPEG Convert, then viewing the GIF version.
JPEG Convert, a Mac version of the free IJG JPEG conversion utilities, is
available from sumex-aim.stanford.edu, file /info-mac/app/jpeg-convert-10.hqx.
This will run on any Mac, but it only does file conversion, not viewing.
You can use it in conjunction with any GIF viewer.
Previous versions of this FAQ recommended Imagery JPEG v0.6, a JPEG<=>GIF
converter based on an old version of the IJG code. If you are using this
program, you definitely should replace it with JPEG Convert.
Apple's free program PictPixie can view images in JFIF, QuickTime JPEG, and
GIF format, and can convert between these formats. You can get PictPixie
from ftp.apple.com, file dts/mac/quicktime/qt.1.0.stuff/pictpixie.hqx.
Requires QuickTime. PictPixie was intended as a developer's tool, and it's
really not the best choice unless you like to fool around with QuickTime.
Some of its drawbacks are that it requires lots of memory, it produces
relatively poor color image quality on anything less than a 24-bit display,
and it has a relatively unfriendly user interface. Worse, PictPixie is an
unsupported program, meaning it has some minor bugs that Apple does not
intend to fix. (There is an old version of PictPixie, called
PICTCompressor, floating around the net. If you have this you should trash
it, as it's even buggier. Also, the QuickTime Starter Kit includes a much
cleaned-up descendant of PictPixie called Picture Compressor. Note that
Picture Compressor is NOT free and may not be distributed on the net.)
Storm Technology's Picture Decompress is a free JPEG viewer/converter.
This rather old program is inferior to the above programs in many ways, but
it will run without System 7 or QuickTime, so you may be forced to use it on
older systems. (It does need 32-bit QuickDraw, so really old machines can't
use it.) You can get it from sumex-aim.stanford.edu, file
/info-mac/app/picture-decompress-201.hqx. You must set the file type of a
downloaded image file to 'JPEG' to allow Picture Decompress to open it.
If your machine is too old to run 32-bit QuickDraw (a Mac Plus for instance),
GIFConverter is your only choice for single-program JPEG viewing. If you
don't want to pay for GIFConverter, use JPEG Convert and a free GIF viewer.
More and more commercial Mac applications are supporting JPEG, although not
all can deal with the Usenet-standard JFIF format. Adobe Photoshop, version
2.0.1 or later, can read and write JFIF-format JPEG files (use the JPEG
plug-in from the Acquire menu). You must set the file type of a downloaded
JPEG file to 'JPEG' to allow Photoshop to recognize it.
Amiga:
(Most programs listed in this section are stored in the AmiNet archive at
amiga.physik.unizh.ch (130.60.80.80). There are many mirror sites of this
archive and you should try to use the closest one. In the USA, a good
choice is wuarchive.wustl.edu; look under /mirrors/amiga.physik.unizh.ch/...)
HamLab Plus is an excellent JPEG viewer/converter, as well as being a
general image manipulation tool. It's cheap (shareware, $20) and can read
several formats besides JPEG. The current version is 2.0.8. A demo version
is available from amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror sites), file
amiga/gfx/edit/hamlab208d.lha. The demo version will crop images larger
than 512x512, but it is otherwise fully functional.
Rend24 (shareware, $30) is an image renderer that can display JPEG, ILBM,
and GIF images. The program can be used to create animations, even
capturing frames on-the-fly from rendering packages like Lightwave. The
current version is 1.05, available from amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror
sites), file amiga/os30/gfx/rend105.lha. (Note: although this directory is
supposedly for AmigaDOS 3.0 programs, the program will also run under
AmigaDOS 1.3, 2.04 or 2.1.)
Viewtek is a free JPEG/ILBM/GIF/ANIM viewer. The current version is 1.04,
available from amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror sites), file
amiga/gfx/show/ViewTek104.lha.
If you're willing to spend real money, there are several commercial packages
that support JPEG. Two are written by Thomas Krehbiel, the author of Rend24
and Viewtek. These are CineMorph, a standalone image morphing package, and
ImageFX, an impressive 24-bit image capture, conversion, editing, painting,
effects and prepress package that also includes CineMorph. Both are
distributed by Great Valley Products. Art Department Professional (ADPro),
from ASDG Inc, is the most widely used commercial image manipulation
software for Amigas. ImageMaster, from Black Belt Systems, is another
well-regarded commercial graphics package with JPEG support.
The free IJG JPEG software is available compiled for Amigas from
amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror sites) in directory amiga/gfx/conv, file
AmigaJPEGV4.lha. These programs convert JPEG to/from PPM,GIF,Targa formats.
The Amiga world is heavily infested with quick-and-dirty JPEG programs, many
based on an ancient beta-test version of the free IJG JPEG software (thanks
to a certain magazine that published same on its disk-of-the-month, without
so much as notifying the authors). Among these are "AugJPEG", "NewAmyJPEG",
"VJPEG", and probably others I have not even heard of. In my opinion,
anything older than IJG version 3 (March 1992) is not worth the disk space
it's stored on; if you have such a program, trash it and get something newer.
Atari ST:
The free IJG JPEG software is available compiled for Atari ST, TT, etc,
from atari.archive.umich.edu, file /atari/Graphics/jpeg4bin.zoo.
These programs convert JPEG to/from PPM, GIF, Targa formats.
I have not heard of any free or shareware JPEG-capable viewer for Ataris,
but surely there must be one by now? Pointers appreciated.
Acorn Archimedes:
!ChangeFSI, supplied with RISC OS 3 version 3.10, can convert from and view
JPEG JFIF format. Provision is also made to convert images to JPEG,
although this must be done from the CLI rather than by double-clicking.
Recent versions (since 7.11) of the shareware program Translator can handle
JPEG, along with about 30 other image formats. While older versions can be
found on some Archimedes bboards, the current version is only available by
registering with the author, John Kortink, Nutterbrink 31, 7544 WJ, Enschede,
The Netherlands. Price 35 Dutch guilders (about $22 or 10 pounds).
There's also a commercial product called !JPEG which provides JPEG read/write
functionality and direct JPEG viewing, as well as a host of other image
format conversion and processing options. This is more expensive but not
necessarily better than the above programs. Contact: DT Software, FREEPOST,
Cambridge, UK. Tel: 0223 841099.
Portable software for almost any system:
If none of the above fits your situation, you can obtain and compile the free
JPEG conversion software described in 6B. You'll also need a viewer program.
If your display is 8 bits or less, any GIF viewer will do fine; if you have a
display with more color capability, try to find a viewer that can read Targa
or PPM 24-bit image files.
There are numerous commercial JPEG offerings, with more popping up every
day. I recommend that you not spend money on one of these unless you find
the available free or shareware software vastly too slow. In that case,
purchase a hardware-assisted product. Ask pointed questions about whether
the product complies with the final JPEG standard and about whether it can
handle the JFIF file format; many of the earliest commercial releases are
not and never will be compatible with anyone else's files.
[6B] If you are looking for source code to work with:
Free, portable C code for JPEG compression is available from the Independent
JPEG Group, which I lead. A package containing our source code,
documentation, and some small test files is available from several places.
The "official" archive site for this source code is ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9
or 192.48.96.9). Look under directory /graphics/jpeg; the current release
is jpegsrc.v4.tar.Z. (This is a compressed TAR file; don't forget to
retrieve in binary mode.) You can retrieve this file by FTP or UUCP.
If you are on a PC and don't know how to cope with .tar.Z format, you may
prefer ZIP format, which you can find at Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE
above), file msdos/graphics/jpegsrc4.zip. This file will also be available on
CompuServe, in the GRAPHSUPPORT forum (GO PICS), library 15, as jpsrc4.zip.
If you have no FTP access, you can retrieve the source from your nearest
comp.sources.misc archive; version 4 appeared as issues 55-72 of volume 34.
(If you don't know how to retrieve comp.sources.misc postings, see the FAQ
article "How to find sources", referred to at the top of section 6.)
The free JPEG code provides conversion between JPEG "JFIF" format and image
files in GIF, PBMPLUS PPM/PGM, Utah RLE, and Truevision Targa file formats.
The core compression and decompression modules can easily be reused in other
programs, such as image viewers. The package is highly portable; we have
tested it on many machines ranging from PCs to Crays.
We have released this software for both noncommercial and commercial use.
Companies are welcome to use it as the basis for JPEG-related products.
We do not ask a royalty, although we do ask for an acknowledgement in
product literature (see the README file in the distribution for details).
We hope to make this software industrial-quality --- although, as with
anything that's free, we offer no warranty and accept no liability.
The Independent JPEG Group is a volunteer organization; if you'd like to
contribute to improving our software, you are welcome to join.
[7] What's all this hoopla about color quantization?
Most people don't have full-color (24 bit per pixel) display hardware.
Typical display hardware stores 8 or fewer bits per pixel, so it can display
256 or fewer distinct colors at a time. To display a full-color image, the
computer must map the image into an appropriate set of representative
colors. This process is called "color quantization". (This is something
of a misnomer, "color selection" would be a better term. We're stuck with
the standard usage though.)
Clearly, color quantization is a lossy process. It turns out that for most
images, the details of the color quantization algorithm have MUCH more impact
on the final image quality than do any errors introduced by JPEG (except at
the very lowest JPEG quality settings).
Since JPEG is a full-color format, converting a color JPEG image for display
on 8-bit-or-less hardware requires color quantization. This is true for
*all* color JPEGs: even if you feed a 256-or-less-color GIF into JPEG, what
comes out of the decompressor is *not* 256 colors, but thousands of colors.
This happens because JPEG's lossiness affects each pixel a little
differently, so two pixels that started with identical colors will probably
come out with slightly different colors. Each original color gets "smeared"
into a group of nearby colors. Therefore quantization is always required to
display a color JPEG on a colormapped display, regardless of the image
source. The only way to avoid quantization is to ask for gray-scale output.
(Incidentally, because of this effect it's nearly meaningless to talk about
the number of colors used by a JPEG image. Even if you attempted to count
the number of distinct pixel values, different JPEG decoders would give you
different results because of roundoff error differences. I occasionally see
posted images described as "256-color JPEG". This tells me that the poster
(a) hasn't read this FAQ and (b) probably converted the JPEG from a GIF.
JPEGs can be classified as color or gray-scale (just like photographs), but
number of colors just isn't a useful concept for JPEG.)
On the other hand, a GIF image by definition has already been quantized to
256 or fewer colors. (A GIF *does* have a definite number of colors in its
palette, and the format doesn't allow more than 256 palette entries.)
For purposes of Usenet picture distribution, GIF has the advantage that the
sender precomputes the color quantization, so recipients don't have to.
This is also the *disadvantage* of GIF: you're stuck with the sender's
quantization. If the sender quantized to a different number of colors than
what you can display, you have to re-quantize, resulting in much poorer
image quality than if you had quantized once from a full-color image.
Furthermore, if the sender didn't use a high-quality color quantization
algorithm, you're out of luck.
For this reason, JPEG offers the promise of significantly better image quality
for all users whose machines don't match the sender's display hardware.
JPEG's full color image can be quantized to precisely match the user's display
hardware. Furthermore, you will be able to take advantage of future
improvements in quantization algorithms (there is a lot of active research in
this area), or purchase better display hardware, to get a better view of JPEG
images you already have. With a GIF, you're stuck forevermore with what was
sent.
It's also worth mentioning that many GIF-viewing programs include rather
shoddy quantization routines. If you view a 256-color GIF on a 16-color EGA
display, for example, you are probably getting a much worse image than you
need to. This is partly an inevitable consequence of doing two color
quantizations (one to create the GIF, one to display it), but often it's
also due to sloppiness. JPEG conversion programs will be forced to use
high quality quantizers in order to get acceptable results at all, and in
normal use they will quantize directly to the number of colors to be
displayed. Thus, JPEG is likely to provide better results than the average
GIF program for low-color-resolution displays as well as high-resolution ones!
Finally, an ever-growing number of people have better-than-8-bit display
hardware already: 15-bit "hi-color" PC displays, true 24-bit displays on
workstations and Macintoshes, etc. For these people, GIF is already
obsolete, as it cannot represent an image to the full capabilities of their
display. JPEG images can drive these displays much more effectively.
Thus, JPEG is an all-around better choice than GIF for representing images
in a machine-independent fashion.
[8] How does JPEG work?
The buzz-words to know are chrominance subsampling, discrete cosine
transforms, coefficient quantization, and Huffman or arithmetic entropy
coding. This article's long enough already, so I'm not going to say more
than that here. For technical information, see the comp.compression FAQ.
This is available from the news.answers archive at rtfm.mit.edu, in files
/pub/usenet/news.answers/compression-faq/part[1-3]. If you need help in
using the news.answers archive, see the top of this article.
[9] What about lossless JPEG?
There's a great deal of confusion on this subject. The JPEG committee did
define a truly lossless compression algorithm, i.e., one that guarantees the
final output is bit-for-bit identical to the original input. However, this
lossless mode has almost nothing in common with the regular, lossy JPEG
algorithm, and it offers much less compression. At present, very few
implementations of lossless JPEG exist, and all of them are commercial.
Saying "-Q 100" to the free JPEG software DOES NOT get you a lossless image.
What it does get rid of is deliberate information loss in the coefficient
quantization step. There is still a good deal of information loss in the
color subsampling step. (With the V4 free JPEG code, you can also say
"-sample 1x1" to turn off subsampling. Keep in mind that many commercial
JPEG implementations cannot cope with the resulting file.)
Even with both quantization and subsampling turned off, the regular JPEG
algorithm is not lossless, because it is subject to roundoff errors in
various calculations. The maximum error is a few counts in any one pixel
value; it's highly unlikely that this could be perceived by the human eye,
but it might be a concern if you are doing machine processing of an image.
At this minimum-loss setting, regular JPEG produces files that are perhaps
half the size of an uncompressed 24-bit-per-pixel image. True lossless JPEG
provides roughly the same amount of compression, but it guarantees
bit-for-bit accuracy.
If you have an application requiring lossless storage of images with less
than 6 bits per pixel (per color component), you may want to look into the
JBIG bilevel image compression standard. This performs better than JPEG
lossless on such images. JPEG lossless is superior to JBIG on images with
6 or more bits per pixel; furthermore, JPEG is public domain (at least with a
Huffman back end), while the JBIG techniques are heavily covered by patents.
[10] Why all the argument about file formats?
Strictly speaking, JPEG refers only to a family of compression algorithms;
it does *not* refer to a specific image file format. The JPEG committee was
prevented from defining a file format by turf wars within the international
standards organizations.
Since we can't actually exchange images with anyone else unless we agree on
a common file format, this leaves us with a problem. In the absence of
official standards, a number of JPEG program writers have just gone off to
"do their own thing", and as a result their programs aren't compatible with
anybody else's.
The closest thing we have to a de-facto standard JPEG format is some work
that's been coordinated by people at C-Cube Microsystems. They have defined
two JPEG-based file formats:
* JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format), a "low-end" format that transports
pixels and not much else.
* TIFF/JPEG, aka TIFF 6.0, an extension of the Aldus TIFF format. TIFF is
a "high-end" format that will let you record just about everything you
ever wanted to know about an image, and a lot more besides :-). TIFF is
a lot more complex than JFIF, and may well prove less transportable,
because different vendors have historically implemented slightly different
and incompatible subsets of TIFF. It's not likely that adding JPEG to the
mix will do anything to improve this situation.
Both of these formats were developed with input from all the major vendors
of JPEG-related products; it's reasonably likely that future commercial
products will adhere to one or both standards.
I believe that Usenet should adopt JFIF as the replacement for GIF in
picture postings. JFIF is simpler than TIFF and is available now; the
TIFF 6.0 spec has only recently been officially adopted, and it is still
unusably vague on some crucial details. Even when TIFF/JPEG is well
defined, the JFIF format is likely to be a widely supported "lowest common
denominator"; TIFF/JPEG files may never be as transportable.
A particular case that people may be interested in is Apple's QuickTime
software for the Macintosh. QuickTime uses a JFIF-compatible format wrapped
inside the Mac-specific PICT structure. Conversion between JFIF and
QuickTime JPEG is pretty straightforward, and several Mac programs are
available to do it (see Mac portion of section 6A). If you have an editor
that handles binary files, you can strip a QuickTime JPEG PICT down to JFIF
by hand; see section 11 for details.
Another particular case is Handmade Software's programs (GIF2JPG/JPG2GIF and
Image Alchemy). These programs are capable of reading and writing JFIF
format. By default, though, they write a proprietary format developed by
HSI. This format is NOT readable by any non-HSI programs and should not be
used for Usenet postings. Use the -j switch to get JFIF output. (This
applies to old versions of these programs; the current releases emit JFIF
format by default. You still should be careful not to post HSI-format
files, unless you want to get flamed by people on non-PC platforms.)
[11] How do I recognize which file format I have, and what do I do about it?
If you have an alleged JPEG file that your software won't read, it's likely
to be HSI format or some other proprietary JPEG-based format. You can tell
what you have by inspecting the first few bytes of the file:
1. A JFIF-standard file will start with the characters (hex) FF D8 FF E0,
followed by two variable bytes (often hex 00 10), followed by 'JFIF'.
2. If you see FF D8 at the start, but not the rest of it, you may have a
"raw JPEG" file. This is probably decodable as-is by JFIF software ---
it's worth a try, anyway.
3. HSI files start with 'hsi1'. You're out of luck unless you have HSI
software. Portions of the file may look like plain JPEG data, but they
won't decompress properly with non-HSI programs.
4. A Macintosh PICT file, if JPEG-compressed, will have a couple hundred
bytes of header followed by a JFIF header (scan for 'JFIF'). Strip off
everything before the FF D8 and you should be able to read it.
5. Anything else: it's a proprietary format, or not JPEG at all. If you are
lucky, the file may consist of a header and a raw JPEG data stream.
If you can identify the start of the JPEG data stream (look for FF D8),
try stripping off everything before that.
In uuencoded Usenet postings, the characteristic JFIF pattern is
"begin" line
M_]C_X ...
whereas uuencoded HSI files will start with
"begin" line
M:'-I ...
If you learn to check for the former, you can save yourself the trouble of
downloading non-JFIF files.
[12] What about arithmetic coding?
The JPEG spec defines two different "back end" modules for the final output
of compressed data: either Huffman coding or arithmetic coding is allowed.
The choice has no impact on image quality, but arithmetic coding usually
produces a smaller compressed file. On typical images, arithmetic coding
produces a file 5 or 10 percent smaller than Huffman coding. (All the
file-size numbers previously cited are for Huffman coding.)
Unfortunately, the particular variant of arithmetic coding specified by the
JPEG standard is subject to patents owned by IBM, AT&T, and Mitsubishi.
Thus *you cannot legally use arithmetic coding* unless you obtain licenses
from these companies. (The "fair use" doctrine allows people to implement
and test the algorithm, but actually storing any images with it is dubious
at best.)
At least in the short run, I recommend that people not worry about
arithmetic coding; the space savings isn't great enough to justify the
potential legal hassles. In particular, arithmetic coding *should not*
be used for any images to be exchanged on Usenet.
There is some small chance that the legal situation may change in the
future. Stay tuned for further details.
[13] Does loss accumulate with repeated compression/decompression?
It would be nice if, having compressed an image with JPEG, you could
decompress it, manipulate it (crop off a border, say), and recompress it
without any further image degradation beyond what you lost initially.
Unfortunately THIS IS NOT THE CASE. In general, recompressing an altered
image loses more information, though usually not as much as was lost the
first time around.
The next best thing would be that if you decompress an image and recompress
it *without changing it* then there is no further loss, i.e., you get an
identical JPEG file. Even this is not true; at least, not with the current
free JPEG software. It's essentially a problem of accumulation of roundoff
error. If you repeatedly compress and decompress, the image will eventually
degrade to where you can see visible changes from the first-generation
output. (It usually takes many such cycles to get visible change.)
One of the things on our to-do list is to see if accumulation of error can
be avoided or limited, but I am not optimistic about it.
In any case, the most that could possibly be guaranteed would be that
compressing the unmodified full-color output of djpeg, at the original
quality setting, would introduce no further loss. Even such simple changes
as cropping off a border could cause further roundoff-error degradation.
(If you're wondering why, it's because the pixel-block boundaries move.
If you cropped off only multiples of 16 pixels, you might be safe, but
that's a mighty limited capability!)
The bottom line is that JPEG is a useful format for archival storage and
transmission of images, but you don't want to use it as an intermediate
format for sequences of image manipulation steps. Use a lossless format
(PPM, RLE, TIFF, etc) while working on the image, then JPEG it when you are
ready to file it away. Aside from avoiding degradation, you will save a lot
of compression/decompression time this way :-).
[14] What are some rules of thumb for converting GIF images to JPEG?
As stated earlier, you *will* lose some amount of image information if you
convert an existing GIF image to JPEG. If you can obtain the original
full-color data the GIF was made from, it's far better to make a JPEG from
that. But if you need to save space and have only the GIF to work from,
here are some suggestions for getting maximum space savings with minimum
loss of quality.
The first rule when converting a GIF library is to look at each JPEG, to
make sure you are happy with it, before throwing away the corresponding GIF;
that will give you a chance to re-do the conversion with a higher quality
setting if necessary. Some GIFs may be better left as GIFs, as explained in
section 3; in particular, cartoon-type GIFs with sixteen or fewer colors
don't convert well. You may find that a JPEG file of reasonable quality
will be *larger* than the GIF. (So check the sizes too.)
Experience to date suggests that large, high-visual-quality GIFs are the best
candidates for conversion to JPEG. They chew up the most storage so offer
the most potential savings, and they convert to JPEG with least degradation.
Don't waste your time converting any GIF much under 100 Kbytes. Also, don't
expect JPEG files converted from GIFs to be as small as those created
directly from full-color originals. To maintain image quality you may have
to let the converted files be as much as twice as big as straight-through
JPEG files would be (i.e., shoot for 1/2 or 1/3rd the size of the GIF file,
not 1/4th as suggested in earlier comparisons).
Many people have developed an odd habit of putting a large constant-color
border around a GIF image. While useless, this was nearly free in terms of
storage cost in GIF files. It is NOT free in JPEG files, and the sharp
border boundary can create visible artifacts ("ghost" edges). Do yourself
a favor and crop off any border before JPEGing. (If you are on an X Windows
system, XV's manual and automatic cropping functions are a very painless
way to do this.)
cjpeg's default Q setting of 75 is appropriate for full-color input, but
for GIF inputs, Q settings of 85 to 95 often seem to be necessary to avoid
image degradation. (If you apply smoothing as suggested below, the higher
Q setting may not be necessary.)
Color GIFs of photographs or complex artwork are usually "dithered" to fool
your eye into seeing more than the 256 colors that GIF can actually store.
If you enlarge the image, you will see that adjacent pixels are often of
significantly different colors; at normal size the eye averages these pixels
together to produce the illusion of an intermediate color value. The
trouble with dithering is that, to JPEG, it looks like high-spatial-frequency
color noise; and JPEG can't compress noise very well. The resulting JPEG
file is both larger and of lower image quality than what you would have
gotten from JPEGing the original full color image (if you had it).
To get around this, you want to "smooth" the GIF image before compression.
Smoothing averages together nearby pixels, thus approximating the color that
you thought you saw anyway, and in the process getting rid of the rapid
color changes that give JPEG trouble. Appropriate use of smoothing will
often let you avoid using a high Q factor, thus further reducing the size of
the compressed file, while still obtaining a better-looking output image
than you'd get without smoothing.
With the V4 free JPEG software (or products based on it), a simple smoothing
capability is built in. Try "-smooth 10" or so when converting GIFs.
Values of 10 to 25 seem to work well for high-quality GIFs. Heavy-handed
dithering may require larger smoothing factors. (If you can see regular
fine-scale patterns on the GIF image even without enlargement, then strong
smoothing is definitely called for.) Too large a smoothing factor will blur
the output image, which you don't want. If you are an image processing
wizard, you can also do smoothing with a separate filtering program, such as
pnmconvol from the PBMPLUS package. However, cjpeg's built-in smoother is
a LOT faster than pnmconvol...
The upshot of all this is that "cjpeg -quality 85 -smooth 10" is probably a
good starting point for converting GIFs. But if you really care about the
image, you'll want to check the results and maybe try a few other settings.
---------------------
For more information about JPEG in general or the free JPEG software in
particular, contact the Independent JPEG Group at jpeg-info@uunet.uu.net.
--
tom lane
organizer, Independent JPEG Group
Internet: tgl@cs.cmu.edu BITNET: tgl%cs.cmu.edu@carnegie
| 1comp.graphics |
I have the Star Micronics SG 24, 24 pin printer for sale. I have used
with the AMIGA and IBM computers and it works great. I will throw in
a cable and vinyl cover for $150 plus shipping.
First email gets it...
thanx,
-Dennis L. Neal dlneal@cbda9.apgea.army.mil
(I have gone to a laser printer is the only reason I am selling)
| 6misc.forsale |
What do I need to do to be able to run an NEC 3FGx in 800x 600 mode
on my IIci? Can it be done with the right video card? If so, which
video card?
-Michael
| 4comp.sys.mac.hardware |
Sony CCD-V9 8mm Camcorder
Originally bought for $1200 now only $399
Original Box & All Accesories.
ja2f+@andrew.cmu.edu
412-268-7505
| 6misc.forsale |
Bill Ranck writes:
>As a new BMW owner I was thinking about signing up for the MOA, but
>right now it is beginning to look suspiciously like throwing money
>down a rathole.
> When you guys sort this out let me know.
>
><--
>*******************************************************************************
>* Bill Ranck (703) 231-9503 Bill.Ranck@vt.edu *
>* Computing Center, Virginia Polytchnic Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, Va. *
>*******************************************************************************
Ditto for me..
-Tim Seiss
'92K75S
'89KX250
| 8rec.motorcycles |
In a previous article, dbernard@clesun.Central.Sun.COM (Dave Bernard) says:
>Just heard on the network radio news a spokesman from the
>army saying that the type of CS gas used in Waco had been
>banned from military use. Its use is also banned by a
>draft international agreement on the use of chemical
>weapons in warfare.
>
>The reason given was that the use causes extreme nausea,
>blindness, disorientation, total irrationality, raging paranoia.
I don't know about the paranoia and irrationality, but the rest is
pretty close, all though you left out the inability to breath. Of
course you can make a claim that people will do some fairly deranged
things to get away from it. I've seen teenagers flatten 200lb. drill
sergeants to get out of tents full of it. Which raises another
issue....
>Children would be all the more susceptible, and show the results all the
>earlier.
>
>This is the stuff Janet Reno was told would be safe for children.
What they didn't mention is that IN THE OPEN, it probably wouldn't do
TOO MUCH harm to children, although I wouldn't use it in close proximity
to infants. On the other hand, IN CONFINED spaces, the effects are
GREATLY intensified, to the point of LETHALITY, since a sufficient
quantity of CS will displace OXYGEN. When running a CS chamber CAREFUL
attention is paid to ventilation. I wonder if they checked to see if
any of the BDs were asthmatics or suffered from other respiratory
diseases. I doubt it.
--
*************************************************************************
If you were smarter, you'd have these opinions....
*******************************************************************************
| 16talk.politics.guns |
> 2) Anyone using this cpu, what is your impressions of the cpu performance,
> compatability?
There is a benchmark program called COMPTEST said CYRIX CPUs have a bug
so they cannot run the program. Also may be NeXTSTEP 486?
regards,
Desmond Li
LUT, UK.
| 3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware |
Since the net has convinced me not to try FastMicro (if they
were still answering their phones) does anybody have any
opinions on Micron Computer, Inc? Their 486VL Magnum got an
Editors Choice in the Jan 26th roundup of 486/66s.
Email and I'll sumarize.
Greg
greg@ncel.navy.mil
| 3comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware |
1976 Montreal Olympics philatelic souvenirs:
1. Color-illustrated booklet in French/English containing all stamps
issued for the Games (mint never hinged) in slipcase, over $6.00
face value in stamps. $13.00 + $2.00 insured first class mailing
2. Unusual "desk pad holder" with Olympic rings on the cover and the
Montreal stadium inside. All the Canadian Olympic stamps are
displayed on the "cover" under heavy plastic. Again, over $6.00
face value. $11.00 + $2.50 insured first class mailing.
Order both for $22 including insured delivery
| 6misc.forsale |
> Any thoughts on who is going to count all of the gorgeous bodies at
> the MOW? The press? The White House Staff? The most Junior
> Senator? The King of the motss/bi?
> Just curious as to whose bias we are going to see when the numbers
> get brought out.
Probably, law enforcement people (Park Service Police and D.C. cops),
who will use aerial photographs and extrapolate based on the
density of the crowd in small regions.
These sort of techniques derive from Army Intelligence and CIA
methods of estimating troop strength, and tend to be
methodologically skewed to always come up with inflated numbers,
so as to justify bigger budgets.
Steve
| 18talk.politics.misc |
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