Split (3)

train · 279k rows

query stringlengths 8 249	answer stringlengths 45 7.8k
What would happen to atmosphere if there wasn't any sunlight? Let's say sun is replaced by a cold sphere of the same mass.	> What I'm thinking is this - if the sun's rays weren't there, how would this total amount of energy be replenished? It wouldn't. The planet would become increasingly colder. You can think of heat as free energy floating around, which we normally take as an average. Molecules high in the atmosphere can actually be incredibly hot, like a thousand degrees, but there are so few of them that it still feels cold. Their collective bumping into you isn't enough to feel the heat. The loss of the sun's energy would freeze us out. There would still be some energy coming from our core, but without the sun emitting any energy, we might as well alone in the middle of space. Oh the energy from the core would almost be insignificant to us on the surface. > Also, if people all of a sudden start using a lot of solar energy, wouldn't that also have the same effect - less total energy for the atmosphere? No, you would need to absorb this energy in space before it hit the atmosphere to have an effect. Second, the energy isn't lost. Say you absorb it through the panels and then transfer it to a station which sends the electricity down the wires. There will be heat produced in the transfer of energy, the use of the machinery, and the normal radiation which emits from areas of high energy. So the power lines and stations are still emitting energy back into the environment. If you stand under the panels, yeah it will be colder because the panels above you are soaking it up. But realize that the ground is doing the same thing. When you walk on a beach in the summer the sand can be scalding hot. The fact that we're taking this energy and moving it around for use doesn't change any of that.
If LASIK eye surgery is proven to correct eyesight, why hasn't it caught on and put the glasses/contact industry out of business?	1. it is far more expensive than glasses 2. children are rarely good candidates and lots of them need glasses 3. they slice your eye open with a scalpel. 4. then they shoot lasers into your eyes. 5. some people like wearing glasses 6. it cannot correct all vison problems 7. while it improves sight in general many patients have undesirable side effects ie night halos.To sum up everyone's answers, it seems -it is very expensive -not everyone can have it done -theres no guarantee it will always work and it can have bad side effects Thanks everyone
what do the numbers in blood pressure mean?	When you pump up a blood pressure cuff all the way, the brachial artery is completely clamped shut: no blood is flowing and there is no sound. As you start to lower the cuff pressure, it eventually gets to a point where your left ventricle's heart beat is strong enough to push the artery open and let a rush of blood through, before snapping back shut when the left ventricle relaxes between beats. You will now start to hear the blood rushing through the cuff. The point at which this happens is the systolic blood pressure. When the cuff pressure gets lower, it is no longer strong enough to fully close the artery at all, even when the left ventricle is fully relaxed. At this point the blood rushing sound will disappear. This is the diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure is written as systolic/diastolic, i.e. 128/74. This means the sound was first heard at 128 and disappeared at 74. Normal systolic is 100-120, and generally it is treated at 140+ or 150+ Urgent values are generally considered 220+. Normal diastolic is 60-80, and generally is treated at 90+. Urgent values are generally considered 120+.
Why do eggs harden when heated?	Eggs are made largely of proteins, which are very large, complicated molecules. The protein that makes up most of the egg's white is albumin, which looks [something like this]. Proteins normally have a well-defined, somewhat rigid shape, but when heated up, they get all messed up - they lose their structure, and all those ribbon-y parts start spreading out and flapping about . So when the egg was raw, the albumin molecules in the egg used to keep to themselves and bounce off each other, but once they are cooked they start sticking and tangling with each other, forming one solid mass.
How do 'quick change' artists do it?	Watch [this act]. It's a reasonable interpretation. Without wishing to seem crude, the easiest way to see how it's done is to look at the size of her boobs at the start and end of the act. There's nothing more too it than multi-layered clothing. EDIT: It's the wrong link, but I'm leaving it in as I think it's a better clip than the one I had in mind :)
Why when hyper-ventilating does it help to breath in a bag?	When you're hyperventilating you're essentially blowing off too much CO2, leading to respiratory alkalosis, which means your blood's pH is too high , which in turn has all sorts of negative effects since you need a very specific pH range for a lot of very important proteins and enzymes to function properly. Breathing in a bag is supposed to make you rebreath the exhaled CO2 to prevent this alkalosis. It's not recommended anymore in many areas though as there isn't any sufficient evidence that this method does work and the same means can be achieved by simpler methods. Nowadays it's suggested you try to make a hyperventilating person slow down their respiratory rate either by making them follow your lead or counting When you hyper-ventilate you have removed too much carbon dioxide from your blood. If you breathe into a bag, you reclaim more carbon dioxide than you would breathing fresh air, restoring the balance of carbon dioxide in your blood faster.
What causes photos of screens to look so bad?	It's called the moire effect. Cameras have pixels, and those pixels are arranged in symmetric rectangular grids. Displays have pixels, also arranged in symmetric grids. When those grids perfectly align, the image is fine. However, if the grid is off a little then camera pixel A sees display pixel A and a little bit of pixel B. Then camera pixel B sees display pixel B and a little more of pixel C. This small disturbance produces waves of uneven intensity in the image. Since the automatic gain control in the camera looks at the whole image, it can't eliminate the intensity waves. The result is dark bands across the camera image.
Can someone legally arrest a cop? Why/Why not?	I would not advice it. Cops are like brothers in any part of the world, the situation will get framed differently and you will be bullied. Best way to go about is a less direct approach and let the police arrest the police officer.
How do some flowers close tightly at night? Why do they do this?	I know that some flowers do it to trap small pollinating insects inside overnight to ensure good pollen distribution. Idk if this holds true for all flowers that close at night.
Why is it harder to control your bladder than your bowels?	Urine is produced constantly and in greater amounts than faeces. Plus it's a liquid, and the muscles that are supposed to control it get weaker, like any muscle as you age. The shape of the colon means that there's more room for poop to build up, so it's less urgent than your bladder, if it's full, its coming out. There's some general ramblings, but you get the idea.
why is Ford's stock (~$30) significantly cheaper than Nissan's stock (~$1,100)?	Prices of individual shares are not as relevant as the overall market cap of the company. Share prices can be driven downward by having stock splits, which most companies do when the per share price becomes highThe price of Nissan is ~$18.50. What you are looking at is the price of Nissan in Japanese yen. I think that might clear something up _URL_0_Simple. Stock price is a function of total number of shares. More shares means less price per share.Stock is like slice a pizza. You can cut a big pizza into a much of little slices, and a little pizza into big slices. The fact the smaller pizza has bigger slices doesn't mean there is more pizza.
What do people mean when they say a console has a different architecture than another console?	If you're doing computer science, you probably have some awareness that certain computer components go together, while others don't. For example, Intel processors have to go in a motherboard with a compatible socket and chipset, as do AMD processors. These different 'architectures' also deal execute different instruction sets when it comes down to low level code - which is why programs that run on say an ARM processor might not necessarily run on an Atom processor. Architecture in relation to consoles has been discussed a lot recently, as both the new Xbox One and the PS4 have been announced to be using the very common Intel x86 architecture - which is used by a lot of PC's. Theoretically, this should make developer's jobs much easier, as the environment will be more familiar to them, and should hopefully make it easier to port games from one system to another.To add to the other answers so far It means that they have implementation differences worth mentioning. Let's say the PS4, Xbox One, and Wii U all use Intel chips inside. While they are literally different, underneath the hood they are all very similar. Let's say 85% the same "architecture". You could, in theory, have a game console that does things differently. Typically you 'd have like a large/2-or-4 core CPU and a GPU, stuff like that. Let's say I invented FakeConsoleA that had no GPU. So now all your GPU stuff has to be offloaded in the CPU. That is a significantly different architecture. Or let's say FakeConsoleB, has very many low power CPUs designed for massive parallel processing, but lacks a single fat CPU. That's another large architectural difference. Those are the kinds of things people are referring to when they mention that X has a different architecture when compared to YIt means they are different enough that a program written on one cannot run on the other. So if you are working on a game that has to run on both, you are going to have at some point separate efforts with separated teams who produce a different end product.
Attachment Parenting and the theories around it.	What about it seems creepy. It all seems natural to me. Historically we've almost always slept with, carried, and breastfed our babies. It seems obvious that concentrating on nurturing a child would have positive outcomes. On the other side it can be taken too far. If a mother is forcing a 7 year old to breastfeed or co-sleep for example that's too much. Most AP advocates say to let the child wean themselves.
Why is Cyprus still split into north and south?	Cyprus has been divided since 1974 when Turkey invaded the north. The island was partitioned with the northern third inhabited by Turkish Cypriots and the southern two-thirds by Greek Cypriots. The two groups want independence more than to live together.
why are movies still released in theaters?	Because going to the theater is an experience. You go with a group of people, you are watching a screen much larger than you could ever own with a sound system far superior to what you could ever own. Yes you can watch the movie online in your home, or buy it on Blueray or via your cable but you cannot replicate the movie theater experience unless you are wealthy enough to build your own theaterBecause no one has the big screens or the high quality audio system at home. Only theatres have that. Also, by only putting a movie in theatres for the first few months, people will have no choice but to pay for tickets to go see it. A lot more profit for the studio this way.Showing a movie in theaters is very profitable for the producers, as theaters pay a large portion of their ticket sales to the movie's producer, and it costs the producer nothing to show it in theaters first, and then release it later.
Why do kids that come from poor back grounds have kids earlier in life on average?	Ain't nobody got time for kids when starting a career. Poor people tend to have jobs instead of careers. That and we like to fuck a lot.Sex is one of the few free joys in life. Poor people tend to flock to it early. On top of that less guidance sometimes, and worse education of the consequences.
what are those lines and bumps on hard palate(roof of the mouth)?	Googled your exact title, first result is a wiki article: > On the anterior portion of the roof of the hard palate are the rugae, irregular ridges in the mucous membrane that help facilitate the movement of food backwards towards the pharynx.
Why Dick Cheney is a "war criminal", and worse than other Bush-admin politicians who also pushed for war.	People consider Dick Cheney a war criminal, because there was no evidence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. This was the whole basis for entering and bombing Iraq. Also, Dick Cheney was the Chair and CEO of [Halliburton] which is the largest US military defense contractor. No conflict of interest there
Why do our eyes get crusty in the morning?	Tear ducts produce tears regularly to clean and lubricate the eyes. Overnight, this often builds up and dries leaving you with crusty eyes.You tear during the night but you're not blinking. Blinking helps spread tears over the ocular surface and helps guide excess tears to the puncta for drainage. Without blinking, the tears can seep out between the eyelids. The water then evaporates leaving behind all the salt, protein and mucous. The more you tear, the more of this crap you end up with and if you tear enough during sleep, you can wake up with your eyes essentially glued shut from all the salt/protein accumulation. Source: I'm an optometrist.
why are Android application updates as big as the size of the app, while on Windows/steam they are very small?	Android apps are packaged and treated as a single unit whereas on steam it is installed as a series of files. So on one hand you replace the whole unit , on the other you can replace individual files.In the case of PUBG , all the code and assets are compiled into a binary blob against which you can't apply patches , you need to replace the whole thing, hence the 1.3GB update. Same thing on pc when there is an update on assets though, if you need to update that texture, you'll need to replace the compiled asset file
How do we know how fast the sea level rose 2000 years ago?	Here is the blog of one of the scientists in the study. _URL_1_ On the second page, you'll see they talk about drill cores of coastal sediments, and here is an article talking about how that is done: _URL_0_ The new paper uses statistical modelling techniques to use a wide variety of data points from those drill cores from around the world to produce the sea level rise .
Why does cling film sometimes stick to the plate, bowl etc. and other times don't?	Static electricity. That's the cling in cling wrap. Remove all the electrons from it and it looses that magic. Learned this from Mr. Wizard. The OG science guy.
Why is the major axis of paper/text documents vertical, while the major axis of human vision is horizontal?	Because written lines that are too long make text hard to read. The longer the line, the easier it is for you to lose track of where you are when you have to wrap back to the other side to continue a sentence. You'll tend to accidentally start re-reading the same line, or skip over the next line, more frequently the longer the lines are.Human vision is circular, and the point in which you can look sharply is a quite small circle. So in order to read a text your eyes have to be pointed directly at the characters. It is a bit easier to move your eyes from right to left then up and down due to evolutionary reasons. So most languages have text going horizontal although this is not always the case and does have other reasons as well. But if you have a long line of text it can take some time for your eyes to get back to the beginning for the next line. We have seen text where they just continue writing in reverse on the next line but this did not catch on. However if you shorten the lines into smaller columns then there is less distance between the end of one line and the start of the next. You only need to stop reading when you get to the bottom of the page and have to start over again from the top of the next column or page.
How can I go back and forth between posts and listing of posts without losing the upvotes I already made to other posts?	> I read a post, then use the back arrow to go to the list of other posts. Upvotes that I gave no longer show They no longer show up in your browser because the browser is loading the page from its internal cache when you hit the back button. But the votes are there, and if you refresh the page to get a fresh copy from reddit's servers, you'll see that the comments are correctly upvoted.
Where do you find the number for pay phones? Like in movies a boss would call the exact phone you’re walking by on the street.	At one point in time, pay phones had a little strip above the keypad which had its phone number. That’s just my memory of them from childhood. I don’t know that I’ve touched one as an adult. As for someone just magically knowing the number of the phone you’re walking by; probably the same way they know where you are, movie magic.It was usually behind a little sheet of plastic, right above the numbers, right below the cradle. If it wasn't there, calling the operator on a payphone was free, they could always give you the number for the phone. EDIT: You can see it really well in [this picture]; it's that area right above the #'s 1-2-3.
What exactly do vitamins do?	Vitamins are chemicals and your body runs in a multitude of chemical processes. Aside from the proteins and fats you get from food, vitamins are the chemicals that are necessary for other chemical processes to occur. Being different chemicals, the different vitamins do different things. They sometimes rely on the presence of other vitamins and sometimes also need particular minerals to be able to do their work. Just one line from the Wikipedia article on vitamin A reveals how far beyond ELI5 this is: "Vitamin A, in the retinoic acid form, plays an important role in gene transcription. Once retinol has been taken up by a cell, it can be oxidized to retinal by retinol dehydrogenases and then retinaldehyde can be oxidized to retinoic acid by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases." That just one process in which vitamin A is involved - there are many others. All the other vitamins have still other just as complicated roles in chemical processes.
what are all the clowns?	Random strangers who are trying to amuse themselves and get attention by creeping out other random strangers. It happens every few years. One guy does it, it gets such a reaction and press coverage that other people just hop on the bandwagon. All they want is for people to talk about them and give them attention .
What is arbitrage and how do arbitrageurs make money?	an arbitrage opportunity is one in which an investor can make a risk-less profit by exploiting price differences in different markets for identical goods. widgets go for $1 in abcville and for $2 in xyzville. you go and buy 100 widgets in abcville for $100 and immediately go and sell in xyzville for $200 and secure a healthy $100 profit, not bad for a days work. in the world markets, these opportunities vanish quickly as computers recognize price differences and execute arbitrage strategies in seconds', "Imagine you've set up a lemonade stand in your front yard. Your neighbors are grouchy and don't like lemonade, so you can only sell your lemonade at $0.25 a cup. But, in my neighborhood, my neighbors are generous and love lemonade. So I've set up a lemonade stand to sell lemonade for $1.00 per cup. My friend comes along and sees that the same product is selling for a big difference in price in two different neighborhoods. So he realizes that he can make a profit by buying lots of the $0.25 lemonade, transporting it to my neighborhood, and selling it for $1.00. As long the transaction costs aren't too big, my friend can profit because of the differences in price.
Why are the connections for the vent in a clothes dryer so frustrating and seemingly inefficient?	You are tackling this as a novice. The experienced people have done it scores of times and it is much easier for them. But I agree with you. Purchasers of appliances should know before had just how difficult installation is. But we do not see that information presented to us. A lot of electronic equipment has become much easier. I now expect setup to be a few simple steps. I just had to purchase a thermocouple for a heater. Because it resides inside a flame its lifetime is finite. It will have to be replaced again over and over while the heater will last a lifetime. I did not check how easy that would be when I bought it. One fine thing about youtube is that many people put short videos up about doing these things. A woman learned to build a house just watching youtube. One of my goals is to produce very short videos showing routine maintenance jobs at my house which only happen every few years. Youtube will store it and I can refresh my memory next time.Because it's cheap, it's universal, and it's good enough. How often does the average homeowner change this out? Once a decade if the dryer fails, or whenever you move?
Why (on imdb) does it have some cast members roles as their role, then as their name in brackets?	> Chloë Grace Moretz\t \tCammie First entry = her name as listed on IMDB. Second entry = her role Third entry = how she was credited in the movie. Notice how the first entry and third entry are different - the first has ë, not e. Sometimes the change is more drastic, depending on how that person was credited in that movie. For eg. in the same entry: > Kymberly Mellen\t \tSheila's Mom Kymberly Mellen, as listed on IMDB , and listed in the movie's credits as Kimberly Mellen. That could be because she changed her name's spelling, or the people who wrote the credits goofed up, etc. etc.That happens when actors change what they go by. She was probably listed as Chloe Moretz, but is now going by Chloe "X" Moretz. Or when a guy is listed as Joe in a movie, but now goes by Joseph.
How can getting sun burnt cause skin cancer?	Generally skin cancer is caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, a high-energy but invisible type of light. UV radiation can penetrate your cells and cause direct damage to your DNA, and occasionally the damage will cause cancer cells to form. Ironically, UV radiation exposure is required for our skin to produce vitamin D. Europeans and their descendants have fewer UV-blocking pigments in their skin to make the most of what little sunlight is available in the darker northern latitudes, but it also makes them more susceptible to cancer. Conversely, Africans and South Asians have significantly more pigment in order to stop the damaging effects of UV radiation, but still receive enough sunlight that their vitamin D production isn't harmed.
Why is there such a strong assumption online that Sweden has been culturally destroyed by immigration?	The country is accepting more refugees per capita than others, so it really is changing the nature of the population more rapidly than the newcomers can be assimilated. And their culture is very different indeed. Some Swedes do think it's going to wreck their country.
Why is gun control such a controversial topic in the USA when the rest of the world sees it as a no-brainer?	It is because the 2nd amendment to our constitution says that it is the right of the people to keep and bear arms. The controversy is in the exact wording of the amendment. Gun control activists think that it only applies to state militias, while gun groups say it is an individual right. The supreme court has upheld that it is an individual right, but there is a point in which some guns are not allowed, such as the Firearms act of 1986 that stopped the sale of automatic weapons. America's gun culture is quite a bit different than other countries due to how our country was formed. Citizen soldier's won our independence from the British, and our founding fathers wanted the citizens to be able to fight against tyranny even if it was their own government. Edit1: There are many replies that I am wrong on the firearms act of 1986. I oversimplified the act. It made it very difficult to buy a fully automatic weapon, in such that you could not buy one that was manufactured after 1986. You can legally own a fully automatic weapon if it was made before 1986 and you go through the ATF paperwork to get the $250 tax stamp and you had a local authority sign off on said paperwork. The cost of a fully automatic weapon and the hoops to jump through to get one, makes it very hard to own one, which is what I meant by stopping the sales of fully auto guns.
How are address numbers of businesses and houses determined?	You mean the house numbers? It depends on the country. Standard practice in the US, for example, is that blocks are numbered from one end of the road to the other, and houses within the individual blocks are numbered sequentially; so a house number like 2404 means "block 24, house 4". Odd-numbered houses are on one side of the street, even-numbered houses on the other. This works for cities on a grid layout, which is very common in the US: otherwise, the European system can be used. In European countries, houses are simply numbered sequentially along the whole length of the road, usually with odd numbers on one side and even numbers on the other. If a house is built between two existing houses, letters may be used to distinguish them: e.g., 5, 5a, 5b, etc. Sometimes, though, instead of odd numbers one side even numbers the other, houses may be numbered beginning at one end with 1, going up one side of the road, and then going back down the other side. In many Asian countries, most streets have no names. Instead, districts are numbered, blocks within the districts are numbered, and then the houses in each block are numbered, either clockwise around the block or in the order they were built. There are other schemes in use around the world, but I think these are the most important ones.
Why does a song sound different when you hear it on the radio compared to listening it on e.g. a CD on the same speakers?	It's mostly dynamic range . We measure changes in volume in dB. Our ears have a dynamic range of about 120-130 dB, so we can hear the difference between loud and soft pretty well. Commercial CDs have a dynamic range of 96dB, which is close enough to the human hearing to be comfortable. Now FM radio has a very limited dynamic range, about 50dB. That's a big jump. So, radio stations have to do what is called compression, which basically shrinks the dynamic range of a song, so it's harder to hear the difference between a "soft" signal and "loud" signal. Thus, you get a different sound from a CD to radio. Source: I'm an audio engineering student Edit: After some research, I also found out that FM radio can only transmit up to about 15kHz. All this means is that the high end of is a little muffled. Most people can hear up to 18-20kHz, so it's really only the tinny-high stuff that gets taken outAll of what other people said - but also stations usually speed up songs slightly to fit more in per hour. Its drives me CRAZY. Its hard to tell, until one of your favorite songs comes on and its way ahead of your whistling rhythmNearly every radio station uses one of these compressors: _URL_0_
Why isn't an asteroid wobbly like jello?	I just saw a talk by Neil Degrasse Tyson on this issue. Asteroids are non-Newtonian solids. The may very well behave like jello. They might be a hard, solid rock, but they may also be a collection of small rocks that are held together by its own weak gravity. We simply don't know with any given asteroid.
why is it it so hard to create a weapons system that can intercept an inter continental ballistic nuclear missile?	Note the full meaning of "ICBM": it means that the missile has an initial boost phase where it fires rocket motors, during which the missile is over friendly territory. This phase lasts only a short period of time; far too little to allow a conventional missile to get to it from friendly territory. After that phase the missile is on a ballistic trajectory: it more or less just coasts until it reaches its target . Successfully neutralizing this kind of missile is a very difficult task. If you have line of sight to the missile during the boost phase then you can neutralize it by compromising the rocket engine, as was the goal of the Boeing YAL-1 airborne laser. This requires line of sight, though, and if you miss then that's a serious issue. After the boost phase your options are more limited. For thermonuclear warheads simply destroying the missile is sufficient, but with a biological warfare warhead that may not be enough. If you get to the missile after it has separated into its multiple reentry vehicles then you need to destroy all of them. ****** With all of that said, I think it's silly to think that the U.S. has no missile defense system. It's probably just not public knowledge. We have had public demonstrations of the YAL-1, and the fact that that program seems to have stalled suggests to me that it was the loser of a classified competition while the winner went into service. There are plenty of things that make "Star Wars" difficult, but nothing that makes it impossible so I'm sure that with the U.S. spending more on its military than the rest of the world combined there's something in the arsenal to deal with the biggest existential threat that humanity has thus far designed.They're traveling so fast you'd have one shot at it. It's more of an accuracy issue than being able to do it.
What safety measures are on gas tanks to prevent them exploding when a car is on fire?	Usually seal them so oxygen cannot get to the gas and contribute. On a science note, gasoline vapor is explosive and flammable, not so much liquid gasoline. So as long as the gas is condensed into a liquid and kept contained, it's quite safe. Which is also why you should never take the nozzle out of the tank if there is a fire while filling. The lack of oxygen will smother the fire while "heroically " removing the nozzle will cause a significantly worse fire. And total loss of the car, if not the station and other vehicles"Let's start with why cars don't usually explode. To have an explosion, you 've got to produce a lot of hot gas in a confined space so that the gas can then go rocketing outwards. Your best bet for that to happen is in the car's gas tank, since you 've got gasoline in an enclosed space, but it's hard to make that happen. For one, gasoline by itself isn't explosive. We explode it in car engines, but to make that happen the engine vaporizes the gasoline, turning it into gas, and mixes that with air before introducing the spark of flame to create the explosion. If you light a cup of liquid gasoline, it'll burn merrily but it won't explode."^^1 --Physicist Dr. Stephen Granande 2016. _URL_1_. Accessed December 20 2016. [Link to article]', "They don't need to do anything. You need a certain proportions of gasoline to air mixture for an explosion and in spite of what you see in movies and video games, that composition is frequently not present in the gas tank.
FGM, how/why does it kill a woman's sex drive?	I'll assume you're a guy & you 've played with your penis before. You know how that spot at the head of your penis the the most sensitive? You 've got that "OH YEAH!!" spot and the rest is just "that's nice "? For the female, the clitoris is their "OH YEAH!" spot. If you damage or remove it, it's a lot harder to enjoy sex. There's also the likelihood of lasting damage that makes arousal painful - imagine having a scar on your dick that would get stretched out every time you got hard.
What is the economic explanation to why the government cant run the economy?	Hey, welcome to socialism. Really, it depends on what you mean by "better". Less regulated industries are often more efficient and produce more wealth period. More regulated industries are less efficient and produce less wealth, but distribute it more evenly and without exploiting workers. Healthcare is something of an exceptional case, because it's been unregulated for so long, despite being an essential service, so it's exceptionally terrible. But now it's a political hot-button issue, so it's all but impossible to really improve.
why are most people left or right handed? What stops us from all being ambidextrous?	All of these responses are terrible. They are all guesses, none of them explain why a toddler shows a preference, or why ambisinister is also a thing. However, this question has been asked several times before : _URL_0_ _URL_1_ _URL_2_ _URL_3_', "while not conclusive, the best theory for which theres scientific evidence now is that * the human brain's biggest achievement over time was developing language abilities, which happened largely in the left brain.* language and locomotion are very related, neurologically, because of the fine motor control needed for your vocal chords and tongue* hence, your left brain is more developed for muscle control* left brain controls the right side of your body* hence, most people are better at using their right hand
Why is everything that touches raw meat contaminated, but the cooking utensil I'm using is okay to use from start to finish?	I always assume that cooking utensils AREN'T safe to use from start to finish. About 2/3rds of the way through cooking, I usually switch to a new spatula. Maybe I'm just paranoid, but I've done that for probably 20 years. Not sure it's really necessary, but as long as I'm going to running the dishwasher before the next time I cook, there's virtually no added effort or expense involved by using two sets of utensils per meal.
Why do some online magazines/articles not have the date? Why do some of them hide it?	I feel that the suggestion you provided is already a good answer but I will just say that not including a date also allows them to repost it to the top of their feeds without looking like they are reposting.
Why do dogs lick humans?	I'm fairly certain they are interested in the salt buildup on your skin. If you get them a salt rock they'll lick once or twice instead of constantly.
Why when we photograph the sky from earth do we see millions of stars that are lightyears away but every picture I have seen taken by astronauts in space the sky is black and starless?	It's purely incidental. You can find plenty of photos taken by astronauts where the stars are quite visible. You just don't see very many, because most photos are taken while a well-lit object is in the foreground of the shot, like the Earth, a spacewalking astronaut, or a piece of the ISS. Under these conditions, taking a long exposure to also capture the stars would just white or blur out the shot. I'll use an example. Stand under a street lamp, point your camera towards the sky, and try to capture both the light from the lamp and the stars. In all likelihood, the best you'll be able to do is a short exposure that captures the lamp and blackens the sky.Most such pictures are "long-exposure" pictures, meaning that the film stays exposed longer. This allow more light to come in to the aperture, resulting in "brighter starts" in the picture. The same is true for pictures of the milky way that you may see on Reddit. The milky way is not as defined when viewing it with the naked eye, or when taking a regular picture.I would have to guess you're looking at the wrong pictures. If you're looking at a photo of a planet taken from orbit ), the planet will be the brightest thing in the picture, making the stars around it too dim to be visible. Just look at the photos taken by the [Hubble Telescope] and you'll notice there are plenty of stars that can be seen from orbit.
Proscriptions of the Butlerian Jihad	For spaceships, people used Navigators to do the calculations. No computer required. The rest are just simple technologies without any sort of AI whatsoever. As far as I know, the Jihad only ended in the ban of artificial intelligence, but some places took it a lot further to the point of banning most technology.All of the technologies you described could be said to be, at most, stimulus response systems. I believe the proscription kicks in with systems that exhibit any kind of higher mental functions. I.e., the brain doesn't just respond to stimulus; it thinks.
Why do some communities Trick-or-Treat on the day before Halloween?	For safety mostly. If you get a lot of people to Trick-or-Treat the day before you end splitting the number of people up over two days instead of everyone trying to do it all at once. Also, it allows parent's to take really young kids out without having to worry about asshole teenagers because most of them will be out Halloween night.
standard deviation -- I've read so many things online but still can't fully wrap my head around it. HELP!	So, if you have a bunch of numbers, you have a concept called the mean - that's when you add up all the numbers, and divide by how many there are. Like if I got a 6, a 9, and a 10 from three judges, my mean score was 8.33. There's also a concept called deviation, the deviation of each number is how different it is from the mean. In the example above, the deviation would be -2.33, 0.66, and 1.66 respectively. There's variance, which is the mean of the deviance squared. So for the above example the variance is /3 which is 2.88. Finally, standard deviation is the square root of variance. sqrt = 1.70. So standard deviation just gives you an idea of how much the data is "spread out" from the mean. We know that in a bell curve, 68% of the data is within one standard deviation above or below the mean, and 95% of the data is within two standard deviations of the mean. These are useful numbers because we can work out percentiles on normally distributed data. For instance if I told you that adult male height is, on average, 6\'0" with a standard deviation of 2.5", you would know that a 6\'5" man is taller than 95% of adult men.It's something to indicate how spread out data is. Say you have a bunch of data points in the range of 1 to 100 and your data has an average of 50. It could be every single data point is 50, you could have an even distribution across the entire range, you could have a bell curve in which most data points lie on or around 50. Or you could have most data points at the extremes and very few in the middle. Standard deviation is a value to help differentiate these. A low standard deviation means most values are around the average value. A high standard deviation means they are more spread out. A very high standard deviation means they are more towards the ends.
What's the difference in lifestyle between someone who is 'monetarily rich' and someone who is 'asset rich'?	If I inherit a huge house, I may be really rich in assets, but I'd still have no money to spend cos this is an illequid asset, meaning that it would take me a while to find a buyer and get a good price. If I inherit a bunch of stocks or gold etc, I can sell them slowly . This would allow me to improve my standard of living. Therefore, liquidity of assets is an important consideration in this situation.
Why can't I use one credit card to pay off another?	You can. Credit card companies assess a fee for paying off other credit cards. If the fee is less than your total savings from going from a higher-interest card to a lower-interest card, it might make sense to do this. You cannot use one credit card to make the payment on another credit card, though. That's called "robbing Peter to pay Paul." Eventually, you'll hit your limits on both cards, and you'll be insolvent. Edit: had to change a "to" to a "from"', "There are fees and interest that won't really allow that in a profitable way.I seem to recall stories of this happening in the past where someone would end up with dozens of cards trying to pay off one with another until the whole thing got so out of hand it came crashing downBecause credit Card money is non existant money. Credit Card money is a "promise" that youll pay later in cash. Thats why banks love to giveaway credit cards to everyone, its a win win for them always. There are a lot of good reads about that, I recommend searching where do money comes from so you get a better understanding of the systemYes, you can do this. Typically, credit card companies charge a 3-5% to transfer a balance like this, so you would be paying 3-5% of the balance every time you did it.Oh yes You can. I used this tactic in college quite a few times. Just ask one credit card company for checks. write check to another and that's it.
Working class opposition to unions.	In many cases it simply comes down to fear. For example, my father's place of employment tried to unionize. Management started rumors that they wouldn't be able to afford it if a union came in and would have to shut the sawmill down.
why cant i feel all the processes occuring within my body?	You are feeling them. You're just used to how they feel. I guarantee if they suddenly stopped, you'd feel the difference. [_URL_0_]
What differentiates the low-tier pizza chains (Papa Johns, Dominos, Little Caesars, Pizza Hut, etc.)	- They all have different recipes and do not use the same identical ingredients. You could probably identify each one in a blind taste-test, in comparison to other products. - Little Caesar's is known as the cheap brand and doesn't deliver. - Pizza Hut started off as a sit-down restaurant/buffet, but has since shifted towards delivery. As a subsidiary of YUM! brands , so there are a few combo restaurants out there ). - Domino's and Papa John's are the most laike major chains. Both offer take-out and delivery. Historically Domino's brands itself as the faster deliverer , while PJ's tries to focus on pizza quality . - As to your last bit, everyone has their own personal preference.
If fast and slow metabolisms don't really exist, how can some people eat all day and not get fat?	Fast and slow metabolisms do really exist. Everyone is on a spectrum that changes as you age, get ill, etc so there is not just fast and slow but there are difference in peoples metabolisms.There was a study done on this where the participants were all fairly thin people and the study put them on a high calorie diet and they were not allowed to leave their house. They were told not to exercise, clean etc that would induce burning calories while at home either. With their permission, they also placed a couple cameras to watch their physical activity level.The results were that most people gained significant weight, but 1 or 2 people remained the same despite everyone being on the same diet and all restricted to their homes. When they watched the videos, the people who didn't gain weight fidgeted a lot. When they were watching tv, the always shook their leg, twiddled their thumbs, rubbed their neck and face CONSTANTLY. They tried to read a newspaper and because they couldn't sit still, the paper kept flopping and they would keep resetting it. According to the study, the conclusion was that constant fidgeting can make a difference in weight maintenance.The simplest answer I can give is this - the people who eat all day and do not get fat usually have active jobs and/or hobbies where they can burn all those calories. Also, some of those permanently thin people sometimes skip meals because they just plain forget they should eat. There are no great differences in basal metabolism in healthy people.
What exactly does the queen of England do? If they have a PM does the royal family actually run any part of the kingdom?	The Queen must give legislation "royal assent" before it becomes law, just like the US President. The difference is that nowadays it's only a formality and she dare not withhold assent. Where she does have some vestige of power is when it's time to choose a new prime minister . If the numbers are very close in the house of commons the Queen might have some discretion over who to ask to become PM. The house can always remove a PM by passing a vote of no confidence so, almost always, she's constrained to choose the leader of the majority party. Remember that the UK has no written constitution and many things go by convention. It could be very useful to have someone like the Queen, who's very widely respected, if there were ever a constitutional crisis. The fact that she has effectively very little power herself would probably actually be an advantage in these circumstances.The thing is, Britain still, by definition, is not a democracy. Because the Queen is there, it's still a monarchy, albeit a constitutional monarchy dating back to the English Revolution. The Queen is more of a head of state figure that conducts the ceremonial and diplomatic proceedings of the state, while the PM deals more with the legislative side. In addition, the Queen occupies the seat comparable to the Holy See in the Anglican Church.
How does scaling to 1440p work?(upscaling/downscaling from 1080p/4K)	If downscaling, you take every 4th pixel to get from 4k to 1080p. If upscaling you make up pixels to go between the existing pixels. This is done typically by averaging the nearby pixels. Obviously 1440 isn't a perfect fraction of 4k, so the math is a little more complicated, but the process is the same.Interpolation via algorithm. The image is inlarged and the data from the images is use to calculate what color to make the filler pixels, since the device has to make up something to fill in the gaps.
Why do we (humans) need our food clean and cooked while animals can just eat their food raw and not get sick?	You can eat raw food, but it has to be right after the kill, otherwise bacteria begins to spoil it quicklyAnimals have stomachs that process food differently than humans. They are meant to be able to break down a lot more things.
Why is contact lens solution so friggin' expensive?	It's a sterile product that people are putting in their eyes. Lots of liability if someone gets an infection.Because people need it and will buy it at any price. Like gas.
Why are the mp3 versions of an album sometimes more expensive than the actual physical copy?	The physical copy take up physical space, so retailers will often discount it more heavily in order to get rid of them. MP3 albums don't have that issue.
Why are Lollipops called Lollipops?	In some old dialects, "pop" means "to slap". And "lolly" means "tongue". So, essentially, "slap the sweet on your tongue". It's not entirely certain if this is the real origin or not, but it seems highly probable, given that a sweet on a stick lets you do exactly that.
Why do gymnasts peak in their teens?	Female gymnasts do, not males. It's because when girls go through puberty, they tend to get taller, grow breasts, get bigger hips, and gain fat . And all of this happens without really adding much muscle strength. So you might find a 17 year old girl with a boyish physique, who turns into a 22 year old woman with boobs and hips, except she hasn't gotten any stronger. Clearly the 17 year old version will have an edge when it comes to the raw physical power required in gymnastics. Compare this to boys, who also get taller, get broader shoulders, etc, but also get much, much stronger. A 22 year old guy is on average going to be much stronger than his 17 year old self. That extra strength enables much more powerful gymnastics.
Mao's infamously catastrophic "Great Leap Forward"	I'm not a student of communism or Marxism or any of the flavors of communism that emerged in the first half of the 20th century. But what I can tell you is this. When Mao came to power in China, he had big plans to change his country. For all of it's history, China was an agrarian nation, or farmers my ELI5 friend. Mao wanted to change this. He envisioned the poor farmers of China uniting to remake the country into a vast, modern industrial superpower, similar to the rise of the neighboring Soviets, whom Mao drew inspiration. His program, called the great leap forward, involved taking millions of farmers off their fields into industrial collectives. Farmers where told to melt their ploughs and steel scrap into the tools of industry to make steel. But obviously there is a problem, as a lifetime farmer doesn't know anything about making steel. And when you take everyone off of farming and turn them into workers in a field they know nothing about, both farming and steel making fail. Mao too wasn't an economist, and since he was a dictator and brutal killer, probably anyone who told him he couldn't make the great leap forward was 'removed'. To this end, Mao simultaneously armed youth gangs, who traveled the country side abducting and killing any elderly Chinese who resisted the changes.
How planes such as the BF109 could shoot through the propeller	The guns firing mechanism is linked to the engine. It only fires at a time when the prop isn't in front of the barrel of the gun.
Why our federal court system handles NFL punishments?	* NFL players have contracts, covering, among other things, discipline* Brady has a dispute over his contract, whether it's valid, and whether it was followed* Handling contract disputes is one of the main things courts do* High-value lawsuits between citizens of different states go to federal court
How did infantry equipped with muskets deal with the loud sound of a musket during a battle.	Same way we did in Afghanistan: They sustained hearing damage. In the heat of combat you don't really realize how bad it hurts your ears. We never wore ear protection in country because it was uncomfortable and made you less situationally-aware.Infantry formations in the musket and front-loading rifle era fired in volleys and all reloaded at once. They 'd stagger firing so that the whole formation wasn't reloading at the same time but there was enough "quiet" time for bugles and horns to deliver basic formation signals. Infantry combat during the world wars was more micromanaged, with officers directly communicating orders to their troops in the field that they received via radio or telegraph. The invention of the machine gun and the perfection of the repeating rifle put an end to the mass formation warfare of the 18th and 19th century. As for hearing damage, they mostly just went deaf.
What is happening when someone "loses their voice"?	Their vocal cords have been damaged so don't function properly. Not being able to talk is probably also a function of the body to stop further damage and allow your vocal cords to rest/recover.
Why do your fingers "prune up" when in the water for a while?	Actually, I read about this. People with damaged nervous systems don't prune up so it's not just a physical reaction to absorbing water. It's supposed to make it easier for your hands to grip things while wet.
Why do organizations still use 'Use it or Lose it' budgets?	Simply, this is the easiest method of deciding budget for each year for large organizations. Hypothetically yes you can send a representative out to each department to gauge their expenses however to buy qualified persons who has expertise in finances are expensive. So most large organizations use this to "cover their asses." Of course there's better methods but cost-benefit dictates them to use this method.
Why online translators are so terrible at translating	I speak 4 languages fluently and am pretty good at 2 more. Does this mean I never make mistakes translating from one to another? Quite the opposite, each language has its own specific grammar and syntax and they don't always overlap 100%. Now English isn't my first language but this probably looks fine to read and understand, but should I translate into German or Arabic I'll run into difficulties on how best to word it, and I may have to completely change the structure of the sentence for it to make sense. Now as a person I can think for a few moments over what different sentences sound most like what I'm trying to translate, but the free translation programs can't do this. It has to be an instantaneous translation with the rules of language inputted. The program sees a word and translates it and the others within a sentence and then tries to piece it all together. But no language translation software has 100% of the rules of the language fully understood. As for every rule there is an exception and so on. A brief example of this is the Irish language. In English there is the past present and future tense, but in Irish there is past, present future and the everyday tense. The everyday tense cannot be translated perfectly into English as there is no equivalent tense, but we know enough to be able to translate as a person with understanding of both languages, but a computer program cannot do this as accurately. ELI5: Translating is really difficult and not all languages have the same grammar and syntax so you will run into difficulty.
Why does time seem to go by faster when you are drunk?	Time flies by when you're having fun. And don't forget: Having fun isn't hard when you have a library card.
Rock climbers, how do camming devices work?	they redirect force to increase friction due to their shape. you compress one and shove it in a crack - when you try to pull it out, the pulling force cause the cams to press outward against the sides of the crack. The more weight you put on it, the harder it tries to stay putThe .pdf guides [here] may be helpfulBasically it's a stick with two wide ends on it.These two ends can be brought together by pulling on a lever to enable it to fit into small gaps.When the lever is released, the cam expands again to hold tight against the walls of the gap.When the cam device pulled in this position, it will hold the climber and prevent falling off the rock. Cam devices however are not perfect, and rely on the climber to know how to use them properly. To do this, all sides must have as much contact with the sides of the gap as much as possible to ensure maximum coverage. The cam "Walking" or being ripped off the wall are concequences of unproper cam placement!
Why are there no top caucasian sprinters in running but many in swimming?	You have labeled this as biology but there is a strong non-biological factor within your question that moves into some potentially controversial territory. I will let someone else address why Caucasians don't seem to dominate sprinting or any race wide genetic factors that could be at play . In order to be a top level athlete in any sport it normally requires that you train from a young age. This means that you would need consistent access to swimming facilities, coaches, and a competitive structure while growing up. At the minimum you would need to grow up near water or be surrounded by people who had swimming experience. Individuals who come from poor backgrounds and who live in poor areas/school districts will not have the same opportunities to become top swimmers. Statistically, in this country, minorities basically start life with a lower chance of becoming a great swimmer. There can also be cultural or personal factors like parents motivating their children towards other sports. [ ]", 'Caucasians tend to be wealthier which means that they have more access to pools, lakes, and the like which means they are more capable of training for swimming competitions. To be a top athlete you have to train from a very young age and if you do not have access to the training environment, which most inner city poor do not have in the case of swimming, you cannot become a top athlete in that sport.when the top 3 place in the same second, EVERYTHING counts. maybe there's a higher percentage of longer achilles in Africans._URL_2_ Michael Phelps' body might be why he's Mr. Gold Medal - but he's kind of freakish _URL_2_
Why is the crust of a hearty hunk of bread considered the most nutritious part, when the inside is composed of the same ingredients?	For the most part, this is just a widely perpetuated myth. It's mostly just something parents tell their children so the kids will eat the crust because children are notoriously picky eaters. There's some minor evidence that there's a few exotic nutrients that are more prevalent in the crust but it's a recent study & they're nothing super important. The main reason you should eat the crust is because it's fucking delicious.Never heard this. In our house eating the crust would "make your hair curly" and for some reason this was all the motivation we needed
If every country in the world has massive debt ranging from multi billions to trillions of dollars and it is still growing each year, how can any country expect to ever pay it off?	No country is expected to pay off their full debt at once. Little parts of that debt come due every day and as long as governments are able to honour the parts of debt that come due + pay interest for all the rest, it's all good. Greece's big problem is that things put them in a situation where they couldn't keep up with those obligations anymore. If you come to that point, you'll have to make arrangements, but if you cannot or if those arrangements don't save your ass, then you might have to default and deal with the consequences.
why does experiencing one or more pregnancies seem to lead to long term struggles with body weight for women ?	I am sure a real doctor will come and correct my language, but to put it simply, hormonal and muscular changes in the body and a lifestyle change generally, all lead to weight gain. After giving birth is is not unusual for the stomach muscles, especially on small women, to be trashed. This means that they look tubby even if the weigh the same. The body also goes into a milk-producing mode, which encourages the development of the fat cells around the breast, hips and buttocks. Finally, as a mother, you would spend less time "on yourself" and more time playing with baby or driving brats around, leading to overeating, fast food diets and under exercise. While a proper diet, a regular fitness routine and child care can all help solve these problems, most people simply don't have the resources.After two pregnancies, I gained a massive amount of weight and no amount of exercise or dieting would get it off. I'm fact, I could only gain.\r\rI finally went to a doctor. Hormone imbalances are common after any pregnancy, as your body goes through significant changes. My thyroid had been affected by this, making my T3 hormone, responsible for metabolism, spiral down to practically nothing. I was also exhausted all the time.\r\rNow, I've lost 75lbs. I'm active. And not so sleepy!
Why Napster got sued but UTorrent and others are still fine?	Napster was one centrally located server whereas utorrent is just an application that you use to connect to any of the millions of torrent tracker servers out there. It's as if there are millions of Napsters out there now instead of just the one. And those DO get shut down, it's just that there's so many of them and when one gets shut down, another 5 pop up to replace it. On top of that, the uTorrent application is perfectly legal, it's what can be downloaded using it that is illegal. TL;DR - Decentralization.
What's so special about syrup from maple trees? why aren't other trees used?	You mean you've never had Eucalyptas syrup? It's awesome, but only if you want your pancakes to taste like shit.
How do companies use derivatives to hedge risk?	The simplest, and oldest derivatives are food futures, as they allowed farmers to hedge the risk of bad years by selling large portions of their crop before it existed. In this case you have a farmer transferring a large amount of their future risk of crop failure to a third party, and generally paying a large premium to do so. The third party gets lots of crops much cheaper than market rate if the crop is fine, they pay a lot for nothing when it fails. The farmer gets a consistent income by moving their risk to someone else via a derivative contract. This effect can touch all sorts of economic problems, and virtually anywhere you have a company or person exposed to some sort of counterparty risk, be it currency prices, food or stable storage of money, you will have derivatives there to balance the risk. Let's say you're Microsoft, and you are shipping lots of computers to Europe. These are being sold in Euros over the next year, but being paid for in dollars at point of construction. If the Euro collapses, you will lose a fortune on this deal, so a simple way to hedge the risk is to buy a Euro/dollar derivative that pays if the euro collapses behind a certain point. While you still lose on the computer sales if the euro collapses, you have the large payout from the derivative to balance the books. This, like all insurance, always comes at a price - you will have to pay a reasonable fee for an option that protects you from large swings on any market.
Why are some YouTube videos not available in certain countries?	Because the copyright holder told YouTube not to show the content in those countries. Most of the time, it's because they don't have the rights to show it in those other countries. Back before the Internet, distributing music and movies to people took a lot of infrastructure- you had to have the contacts and contracts at the local record and movie stores, you had to have the fleet of trucks to deliver the CDs, and so on. So what a lot of companies did was contract with local distributors. If a US record label wanted to sell their music in Europe, they'd sign a contract with a European record label promising them exclusive rights to distribute their songs in Europe. Now the Internet comes along and the US record label can theoretically sell their stuff directly to people in Europe. But because they signed those exclusivity contracts with the European companies years ago, they're not allowed to distribute the content at all to European consumers. That's also why, for example, UK Netflix has different content than US Netflix.
Why isn't this Troll Science comic correct? (link inside)	Okay. The picture is misleading. When you subtract the corners of square the perimeter is indeed still 4. And when you continue to subtract the perimeter is indeed still 4. But the problem is with the big sides that still remain. The rate at which the bigger sides get smaller is not fast enough to make a smooth curve around the circle. The shape will always be jaggedThis has been explained on /r/math a bunch of times. Basically, that limiting procedure that they show in the comic lets each approximation get closer and closer to the area of the circle, but the boundary does not get closer to the perimeter of the circle. That is, it is too "wiggly" and that makes the length longer than the actual circumference of the circle.It's claiming that once the resolution passes below your ability to perceive it, the squared perimeter is as good as the cicumferance. It's not. The laws of mathematics don't bend according to human perception. No matter how much you increase the resolution, the square perimenter will still always equal 4, and the cicumference of the circle will still always equal pi*d.
What's happening when my brain enters 'auto-pilot'	Its basically due to your body not reviving any stimulus that it perceives as vital/important so your mind processes it, but deletes it immediately, this is very common when performing autonomous skills, which are skills you have mastered and are able to do with very little conscious thought or during tasks you find boring such as listening to a lecturer speak for a long period.It's probably similar to the fact that you don't feel your clothes after a while. Like your clothes are always touching you but you never really feel them unless you think about it. I think it's the same thing. If you're doing something easy and your brain has memorized how to do it, there's no purpose in remembering or maintaining focus.
why are stormclouds gray when normal clouds are white?	Yes, but the reason why it is darker is due to there being larger sized particles in the clouds. As they are getting closer to what we know as rain. This absorbs light differently light differently, thus making the cloud appear darker.It is just water particles, but stormclouds are thicker, and they completely block out the sun. When it's raining and you look up, you're not seeing the clouds, you're seeing the shadow of the clouds.
How do social media notifications work for Public Figures and Celebrities?	I know a couple of DJs and they both have their "public" account which is managed by someone other than then, and a personal account that they use themselves. Edit: just to clarify, the 2 accounts aren't really any different , I mean that they use one for their personal use and the other is used purely for marketing purposes. Hope that makes sense it's been a long day and my brain is frazzled.Works the same. I had a Facebook page for a group with over 250k subscribers. It shows everything in one notification so if you're looking for something specific you have to go through a lot of news
Why are investors will to invest in the Japanese economy where they receive a negative rate of interest?	Many of these investors are people who are dependent on a Japanese government that is not bankrupt. ie: military contractors, private prisons, etc. The amount of money they make from the government dwarfs what they typically pay in interest.
What is the difference between a "crew cut", "taper cut" and a "fade"?	A crew cut has shortly cropped hair of the same length all over the scalp. With a 'fade' the hair's length shortens from the top to to bottom of the temples until the head is bald.
When your tv doesn't catch a signal, what are those black and white 'dots' that you see quickly moving in the screen?	[TV Static on Wikipedia] Simmered down, it's basically all the random signals traveling through the air that the antenna or electronics are picking up, when there's not an actual TV station on that channel. It's random noise that the TV is still trying to interpret into a picture", 'About 1% is radiation from the big bang.
why does uncovering blankets from your feet cool you off so quickly?	Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why do my feet get cold and sweaty when I don't wear socks and have them underneath the blanket? ]1. [ELI5: Why does putting socks, which cover around 5% of my body, make me feel significantly warmer? ]1. [ELI5: Why does sticking one foot out of the blanket make me feel cool? ]1. [ELI5: If my whole body is under a blanket but my foot is exposed, then my foot is freezing but if my entire body is exposed, then I don't feel that cold. Please ELI5 ]1. [ELI5: Why does sticking one foot out from under the blankets prevent me from getting too hot? ]1. [ELI5 Why is it that both legs under the covers is too hot, both legs out too cold, but one in one out is prefect? ]", 'Your feelt are really effective at radiating heat. Large surface area with many little blood vessels that can open up to pump more blood quickly and thus dissipate heat quickly.
[Culture] How did the colonization of Africa make them more vulnerable for HIV and AIDS?	The creation of arbitrary borders set during colonization hindered traditional movements of people, including their access to food, water, and fertile land. This has something to do with the rise of a number of diseases I can speak to a specific example in Burkina Faso as I worked on a non-profit water project there: The modern country is located in the sahel, the area that sits between the Sahara desert and the savanna. This means it's relatively dry most of the year. Many of the historic residents, pre colonial demarcation, moved cattle across the region based on seasonal changes, they were migratory. However when the borders were drawn on the map, many people were locked into a specific location wherever they happened to be at that time. Their access to water or grazing lands, which they have been using for hundreds if not thousands of years, disappeared practically overnight. They became stuck in a desert while their economy was built around cattle. You can imagine the effect this would have, not only on quality of life, but on their health, finances, social structure, and the health of the environment. Back to your original question:Repeat this problem across the continent, and in a densley populated jungle climate, filled with a massively diverse, yet often conflicting population, and you'll have people resorting to surviving off of bush meat for sustenance and entrepreneurship.
Why our bones stop growing after closing of "growth plates", but recovers and can be even lengthen when they are broken?	Bones don't stop growing. There's a constant cycle of reabsorption of bone tissue and growth of new bone. This is what allows bones to repair damage done and stay strong. Different bones have these cycles happening at different speeds. Femurs, for example, have slow rates of reabsorption and growth while mandibles have fast rates. The process is largely controlled by two specialized cells, osteoclasts which "eat" bone, and osteoblasts which grow new bone.Cuz there's no place to grow to when you're done growing and your growth plates are fused. When you break your leg it needs to grow back together and there's space for that unlike consistent growth when the growth plates aren't fused.
Why is circumcision so common in the US, and to a lesser extent, Canada, but is rare or nonexistent in the rest of the Western world and everywhere except the Middle East?	Judaism and Islam are two religions that mandate circumcision. In the US and Canada, circumcision was popularized in the 1800s by John Harvey Kellogg, who believed that it prevented little boys from masturbating , and so as a result, many children who have no Jewish or Muslim background are circumcised. The anti-masturbation idea has mostly died out, but the practice persists because fathers generally think their baby boy's penis should look like his father's penis.
Why do people keep their accent years after they've learned a new language?	Language learning is quite difficult. When we're young, we're wired to be able to pick up new words and sounds fairly easily, but we lose this ability over time. A baby learns language by repeating the sounds of the people around it, and this gets internalized as the "right" way to make a sound. When we learn a new language, most people try to use the sounds they already know to pronounce the words in the new language-- this is what accent is. Sometimes, this is because they aren't listening carefully enough and can't hear the difference. Sometimes it's because they don't want to put the effort into a tiny change in pronunciation-- it's a lot of work, and you can be understood without it. When someone young learns a new language, they can easily hear the differences between sounds because they're wired to, and can figure out how to make those differences. When someone old learns a language, they either have to put a lot of effort into learning the new sounds or they just use the sounds they already know for the new language. If you continually use language the same way, your pronunciation won't change; you have to actively listen to the differences between what you're hearing and what you're saying to be able to minimize accent. It took me quite a while to be able to hear the differences between Chinese phonemes and the other phonemes I know from French, Spanish, etc, and I'm quite sure that I still don't pronounce them properly, because my brain glosses the minutiae of pronunciation despite my best efforts.
The invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq	Soviet comrades invade Afghanistan. We invade to fight Soviets.Afghans are like wtf.jpegTaliban fights Soviets too; funded by us.Taliban decide they don't like us there either.We overstay our welcome.Then Bush did 9/11. We invade Iraq because wmd's. Surprise surprise no wmd's. Mfw Vietnam flashbacks start.We increase presence in Afghanistan too.And now attempt to win an unwinnable war against an enemy whose identity can change at the drop of a shell casing.The Afghanistan invasion in 2001 was retaliation for 9/11. The Taliban, the government in Afghanistan supported and his Al Qaeda who were responsible for the 9/11 attacks. That made their government responsible for said attacks, and said attacks were acts of war. The US and our allies invaded, overthrew that government, hunted down as much of Al Qaeda as we could, and then set up structures to try and help them rebuild the country in a democratic way. Iraq is a bit more complicated. There were some ties to Al Qaeda, but not enough to merit invasion. There were also reports that we got of weapons of mass destruction that were channeled to us via the UK spy networks. These turned out to be false, but they were at the time enough to justify invasion so we once again overthrew their government and then set things up to try and help them rebuild. Now there is a lot of ground to argue that even though that report of chemical weapons was not accurate that Saddam had enough human rights violations stacked up that the UN should have invaded years ago so the war is still justifiable. Both regions have warlord groups, extremist groups, and various other factions fighting to try and establish independent nations or to take over the nation currently so they are basically in several civil wars. ISIS is one of these groups.
Why are peanut allergies one of the most common? Why not any others?	I find that hard to believe, to be honest. Do you have any data for this? I found something completely different. [AAAAI data] I'm guessing your question revolves around the fact that you hear a lot more about peanut allergy, because that happens to be a violent one. Most of the allergies, which can range from something simple, like citrus fruits, to annoying ones, like gluten, to painful ones, like hay fever, are just that - annoying. There's no real need to rush to the emergency room for most of them. Therefore, why talk about it unless you're discussing what to eat?
Why do movie studios care if I pay for Netflix and use a VPN to change my location? They are getting paid either way.	The problem is that when Sony released a movie in Australia, it formed a contract with a studio in Australia to do that. So that studio owns the right to distribute that movie in Australia. If you use Netflix and a VPN to access the U.S. version of Netflix, you're cutting out the Australian company that actually owns the right to distribute that movie in Australia. It'd be like if you paid for the right to be the exclusive seller of BMWs in Colorado, but people were buying BMWs in Colorado directly from Germany. You're getting screwed even if BMW isn't.
how do mobile phone/ any battery work	It's a chemical reaction that's basically reversible. Add electricity, and the chemicals enter a state that we call "charged," where they can react and, in the process, generate electricity. Add a demand for electricity, and the reaction begins, releasing that electricity.
Why we can't clone a dinosaur	Any DNA that's found would have degraded to the point that it wouldn't be possible to start. Although, crocodiles haven't changed much, so cloning a crocodile would be about as close as we could get to that.The DNA has decayed. The fossils are too old. Cloning wooly mammoths, saber tooth tigers, etc. might be feasible.
When you delete a picture or empty the trash on your computer, where do the files go?	The space the files occupy is simply marked as being available again, and if you put new files on your computer, it may writing over that space. The files aren't actually removed until they're written over by new files. This is how programs that recover files that were deleted work , and why law enforcement wants to take someone's computer in a case involving a computer related crime, often a lot of deleted data can be recovered. There's even companies that specialize in retrieving this sort of data .
Why does Kazakhstan play in european football championship qualifiers when it's not a part of Europe?	While the exact border between Asia and Europe is not universally agreed upon, the Ural River is commonly used for that border. Parts of Kazakhstan lie west of the Ural River, and thus are in Europe.
How do watch batteries last so long when they are powering a tiny motor 24/7?	Your typical watch uses electricity for keeping time with quartz and moving the hands. Both require very little electricity. The motor for moving the hands is very very very very weak. Usually motors are built to do really intensive work like lifting a heavy items. The motor in the watch isn't going to lift a piece of paper and it would take all day to power a toy car across your desk. In short, the amount of mechanical energy it puts out is very very small which means the amount of electrical energy in is also very very small.Most electric watches use an LCD display which requires only a little bit of power. The ones that have hands, typically use a [stepper motor] to drive the hands. A stepper motor only requires a brief pulse of power to advance the rotor by one step.
When I drive my car in reverse, why does the engine(transmission??) make this high pitched sound?	When you reverse you use a different type of gear- a spur gear.A helical gear has teeth cut at an angle to the face of the gear, which makes for a smooth ride/sound.A spur gear has straight teeth. Each time a tooth engages on a spur gear, the teeth collide instead of gently sliding into contact as they do on helical gears. This impact makes a lot of noise and also increases the stresses on the gear teeth.It is standard for reverse gear to have these straight-cut gears. The reason for it is that a helical-cut gear produces a large sideways force on the gear. The teeth are cut at an angle, so the gears are always wanting to 'slide off' to the side. This is countered by using strong gears and 'thrust bearings' to resist this force. It is not worth doing this for the rarely-used reverse gear, so they use straight-cut gears that don't need to be as strong, and don't need large thrust-bearings. They use hellical gears with the forward gears because, well, would you want that howl constantly when driving on the freeway?

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