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Why did humans evolve to close their eyes while they sleep?
If you slept with your eyes open, they would dry out. Humans lack nictitating membranes , so the only line of defense to keeping out eyes from drying out are our eyelids. And, just because our eyes are open when we sleep doesn't mean that we have the cognitive ability to recognize threats -- any movement would wake us up is that was the case.Do humans really get attacked in their sleep often enough for this to be necessary?
What are the devices spraying liquid at the launch pad on rocket launches?
[Sound supression]. The noise of the rocket engines is so loud that it could physically damage the delicate parts of the spacecraft if it's allowed to reflect off the pad. So they fill the air with water droplets to scatter and absorb a good fraction of it.That's just water, and the sprayers are just valves fed by a water tower. It's a very simple system; open the valves, water sprays. Believe it or not, it's a "Sound Suppression System". A rocket launch is very loud, incomprehensibly loud. It's so loud the sound can actually damage the rocket, and that's especially true when it's close enough to reflect off of the launch pad. Spraying tons of water below the engines effectively absorbs a whole lot of the sonic energy. NASA claims they cut the sound pressure in half, and that's a significant difference!', "In some launches you can see the same looking sprays but they're spraying sparks, what are those for?
Why is it that when you look at a dim light through a crack you can't see it?
Here's my answer to the same question that was asked yesterday over in /r/AskScience/ ) ***** There are two types of light-detecting cells in your retina: rods and cones : * Cones are very good at color discrimination, but aren't to terribly sensitive, and so respond best in well-lit conditions. * Rods can't distinguish colors, but they're very sensitive in low-light situations. This sensitivity is due to a molecule called rhodopsin , which becomes photobleached when it triggers the rod by being exposed to light, and takes time to be reverted to a usable state. This is why it takes so long for your eyes to "adjust" to dim conditions: rhodopsin is no longer being constantly bombarded by light, and is slowly being reverted to a useful state. So with that out of the way, the last important fact is that the fovea of your retina is replete with cones for nice, color-rich vision. However, the tradeoff is that it has very few rods. Your peripheral vision, though, has tons of rods, but very few cones. So you can detect extremely low levels of light in your peripheral peripheral that you just don't have the rod density in your central vision to see.
Why is it called "Pants/Slacks" when singular?
Originally, pants consisted of two separate pant legs that you would individually pull up your legs. The two legs would then be tied at the waist to keep them up. So the entire garment was plural since there were two piecesBack in the early days of tailoring, leg coverings were actually made of two pieces, one for each leg. And the various names for leg coverings have simply maintained the plural over the years because of that.
The fallacy and/or accuracy of the "5 second rule" when you drop food on the floor. Specifically, do germs move on their own and, if so, how fast?
The 5 second rule is not usually applicable. First of all unless you use excrement to clean your floors there is not going to be more germs on a piece of food you drop then your digestive system can handle. And secondly the germs do not move on their own but attach to anything it comes in contact with so the germs are already on your food the moment it hits the floorIt's not about them moving, it's about them already being pretty much everywhere. Whatever is on the floor when the food touches it is now on your food. Immediately so. It doesn't take "time" for that transference to take place.
Why don't electrons fly into the nucleus?
Electrons have less mass than protons and neutrons. That gives them a bigger wavelength, so they can't be anywhere more specific than within an electron shell. They do have a nonzero probability of being in the nucleus, but except in the case of certain kinds of nuclear decay, they don't really interact with the protons and neutrons. Planets don't get pulled into the sun because they're moving to the side too fast. They are perpetually throwing themselves at the sun and missing.
Why did TVs go from squares to rectangles?
There's a video [here] that goes through the whole history. To summarize: movies started using the 4:3 aspect ratio because a guy working in Thomas Edison's lab picked it seemingly arbitrarily. TVs picked the same ratio so they could show movies. Then TVs became popular and movie theaters wanted to do something new to get people in to watch. Using a much wider screen was one of the gimmicks they settled on. So now in order to view movies on a TV, you needed to either shrink the picture or cut the sides off the picture in order for it to fit. So, the TV companies decided to make their screens wider too. The current TV format is actually halfway between the old TV ratio and the movie ratio, so that it's equally OK at displaying both movies and old TV shows.To better represent what's on screen and to match up with movie theaters. When movies were shown on TV, they 'd have to be edited, either by simply cropping out the edge of the film, or by what's called "Pan & Scan", where they 'd tried to select the "best" portion of a movie to show and then crop out everything else. These methods could result in you completely missing certain parts of the movie. For instance, in the movie The Abyss, there's a REALLY great scene where you finally meet the alien, and it's this amazing liquid creature with a flowing water like body. Except, when it was edited for the 4:3 screen, they chopped off everything except for it's face you don't get to see the body at all. A 16:9/10 ratio allows TV's to show exactly what is shown in the movie, and allows TV Shows to get wider shots, and look prettier.
Where is the cash that I spend electronically?
Only about 8% of the world's money is actually in physical cash. The rest of it, 92% exists as just numbers on some computer or ledger. It seems odd at first, but these numbers on computers are basically just IOU's. If anyone every came and asked to get their money out of the electronic form and into cash, they could. But unless there is a giant rush to the bank to get physical cash, the system works perfectly well, because there is still more than enough physical cash around, and we can move around these electronic IOUs from place to place.
why is it that some people hate the sound of certain materials (e.g styrofoam or crackling of joints)
Could be a few things. Many sounds that are hated fall in the same range of frequencies that correspond to human screams, which is hypothesized to be an alert mechanism built into our brains . Also, and I'm not sure how much research has been done, but there are ideas that certain frequencies of sound resonate more loudly for certain people through their ear canals. Pretty sure nothing conclusive, though.As far as cracking knuckles go can anyone ever resist the urge to crack your own after?
why is "bloody" a bad word for the Britisher types? NSFW ? (Not my work)
It's not that bad of a word and I've never seen it censored on British television.As an Australian, bloody can be used in the same way that "fucking" can be. Eg. My bloody golf club is bent. I 've never seen in censored, but I remember that in school it was considered a curse word since that is how we used it.Bloody = 'Fucking' lite here in the UK."Bloody" isn't censored in the UK or Ireland. It's a soft swearword, much like "damn" or "feck". Source: Irishman who gets English telly and has been there a good few times.In all my 20 years of living in the UK I have never once experienced 'bloody' being censored. Hell even Ron in Harry Potter says bloody hell.bloody = damn. not a very bad word and is defo not considered a swear words"Bloody" isn't that severe. It's more like "damn".
What things did Microsoft do to miss out on mobile so badly and drop so far from 1st?
The internal structure of the company installed by Ballmer is toxic and pits MS employees against each other. They are given career incentives to destroy each other's projects. They were incapable of mounting multiple large projects like a mobile OS, parent apps, hardware designs, or a supply chain for the parts.
why after I have an orgasam do I think so much more clearly and see the world so much more differently?
Orgasms release large amounts of the neurotransmitter called Dopamine, which affects you in many different ways. Dopamine is also released with many recreational drugs, excercising, and eating a satisfying meal.
Can we see other dimensions?
Lets go all the way back - we dont exist in "dimension number three". Dimensions in the scientific term aren't like a separate area you can be in. Instead we exits in what we perceive to be a 3 dimensional space, physically. Dimensions are really just ways to define a set of coordinates for something in a minimal way - be it physical, or time, or a number of other things a one dimensional space is a line. There is just forward and back, there is no up down, left/right, or any angles. It's one dimensional because you can define any point in it with just one number - how far it is on the line A two dimensional space is a flat plane, like a piece of paper. You can look in 360 degrees, but never tilt up or down. it's two dimensional because you need two numbers to define it - you need an X coordinate and a Y coordinate, like on a graph. Three dimensional space is what we live in daily, in purely physical terms. You 've got up down, left right, forward/backwards. No matter how you define them, you need at least three numbers to pinpoint where they are Other dimensions include time and a whole bunch of other stuff. String theory needs at least 10 dimensions to fully define everything in an understandable way. so time is often called the 4th dimension, because you can define something by it's location and time. and even if it's in the same location, it might be at a different time, so to fully define something both physically and in terms of when, you need at least 4 numbers .
In 'Sherlock', Sherlock Holmes describes himself as a high-functioning sociopath. Is this really what he is?
Sociopath and Psychopath are interchangeable terms that both refer to the same DSM IV diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder. With the new DSM V i believe they switched the name to Antisocial/Psychopathic Personality Disorder. There's no difference between the terms to medical health professionals. Only in popular culture and media has 'psychopath' taken on a slightly different, more aggressive meaning than 'sociopath', but because it's in the subjective world of culture it changes depending on who you ask and so is largely meaningless. Holmes, at least in the BBC reboot with Cumberbatch does arguably display a few of the key traits of APD - he is cold, he fails to abide by laws he doesn't respect, he shows disregard for the wellbeing of others, he deceives and manipulated. However other traits common to APD like impulsiveness, failure to plan, aggression and refusal to accept responsibility don't seem to fit the character as well. We should also note that the term 'psychopath' was not created until forty or so years after Conan-Doyle created the character of Holmes, so it's doubtful that was his intention.
What causes a "buzz" after consume nicotine? And why does the buzz go away after you build a tolerance?
The "buzz" is the rush of specific neurotransmitters that nicotine naturally engages. The tolerance comes in when your body "expects" to have nicotine. If you are smoking regularly, a single cigarette will not recruit the same amount of neurotransmitters that it once did. Spend years away from it, and a cigarette will feel like your first. The "buzz" doesn't go away, it just requires more nicotine to achieve, usually.
Why do I feel different types of pain? How do the reactions in my body differ?
I have a related question as well Why does our body have such incredibly high ranges for pain, that often seem to exceed the level of danger?
Does rinsing a fruit or vegetable actually do anything to prevent disease?
It's not about preventing disease so much as it is to wash off dirt and, more importantly, pesticides/herbicides.
Why doesn't Facebook have gif support?
The core feature of Facebook is its Newsfeed . Animated GIFs are known for continuous animation, often with large file sizes. Their cause for their omission is 2-fold: 1. The Newsfeed would be tumultuous if Animated GIFs were allowed to act as intended, especially if abundantly used.2. The Newsfeed would not load a quickly due to the much larger file sizes. NOTE: Videos DO autoload after a fairly recent release. This could perhaps be the same for gifs, but maybe since videos are considered published content, they get more importance. Personally, I'd love to at least see a Play button on Animated GIFs in the feed .
How online advertising pays for the maintenance of a website like facebook or reddit.
it pays like any advertising pays. company A wants product B to be seen by a certain demographic. A pays agency C to place those ads in that demographic's eyesite. search engine optomization algorythmically determines which sites suit best. you click that site, you see the ad, website gets paid.
What does "skinny fat" actually mean?
"Skinny Fat" basically means that although you are skiny and have a low Body Mass Index, your body doesn't have a muscle in it to balance it out leaving you with more fat that is less visable. It's called being Thin on the Outside, Fat on the Inside. Skinny Fat is unhealthy and there are risks to being Skinny Fat. Unfortunately, people only focus on obescity in the form of fat people and not the actual individual's fat and fat to muscle ratioA term used to put down people of average weight and BMI but lack muscle definition . Basically, as far as I 've seen, it's "I don't like this persons body, but I can't call them fat."', "It's not a scientific precise term, but originated from internet forums to describe a body type with almost no muscle definition and some fat to give some loose soft look somewhat [like this]. The popularity of the term has greatly increased because of internet user generated charts like [this] and [this] which use colloquial terms to describe body types.
Why aren't people attracted to family members?
I mean they can be, incest is a thing. But if you want an evolutionary explanation, incest can often lead to severe birth defects in children and as a result, it is evolutionarily beneficial to have a hardwired response to avoid that. And that is likely what happened .Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How come siblings are not attracted to each other? ]1. [Why are people not attracted to their siblings? ]
Why can't I use certain characters (such as / \ : * ? etc.) when naming a file?
Windows has a huge directory of all files on your machine and when it tries to find a file it goes to c: users tybre documents\otporn seriouslydontlook\ostop pleasestahp porn grandmadontlook.wmv. If you have grandma dontlook.wmv as the filename it might get confused and think that grandma is another folder it has to go through instead of the file it has to open. As you can see above, colons are used for file paths as well and if you put them in file names, windows can think it's a drive rather than a file. Asterisks are used as wild cards for searches and I'm not sure about question marks. Tl;DR: windows is layers and layers of old code that should be rewritten but is instead just patched.
Why does rubbing your eyes feel so good when you're tired?
The LI5 version is that the response serves three purposes: 1. You massage the muscles around your eyes, which can relieve tension that builds up after a long computer session or some such. 2. Your eyes can stop producing enough fluid, and rubbing them stimulates the production of that fluid and rubs it around to the dry areas. 3. Last and most interestingly, increased pressure on your eyeball actually triggers a reflex that slows down your heart rate a bit to calm you down or prepare you for sleep. Credit goes to /u/SkyOfTheSky', "As a sub question, I've heard it's not good to rub your eyes, is this true?
Why self posts don't get karma
It's a minor precaution against direct stroking of the hive-mind's collective cock in exchange for karma . Instead of posting "Hey Reddit, those [members of a group] sure are [negative adjective for group]" with no source they have to find an article from a semi-reputable source that may or may not back up their headline. Though this would seem like a useless precaution, it actually limits the instances of this to the number of unique webpages on the internet. A large number by all accounts, but still much smaller than the sum of the lust of the karma whores.
What exactly does the Electoral College do?
In America you can think of the president being elected by the states, not the people directly. States have a varying number of votes which can give smaller, less populous states a magnified importance in the final vote. The electors in the various states are chosen by the popular vote of each state's citizens. Most states are "winner take all" which means that the winner of the popular vote gets all the electoral votes of that state. The electors can be faithless and vote against the popular majority of their state, although the votes are not secret and 29 states have laws that can punish an elector for failing to vote as he was pledged. It has happened here and there over the years, but faithless electors have never altered the outcome of an election. If they ever did alter the outcome I suspect they 'd be dead men walking.
Why do most websites' search features suck so much?
There are two main reasons. First is code re-use. Most websites are either built on a popular platform with a built-in search function , or implement a common search function downloaded from an internet repository . So most search functions suck because they mostly come from a short list of popular search engines/functions. The second is that the concept of search is difficult. Language is extremely complicated for the human brain, let alone human programmed computers. Google's algorithm is based mainly on the following assumptions: 1. The most helpful page will have been be accessed a lot.2. The most helpful page will be referenced a lot by other sites.3. The most helpful page will contain the words you searched, often and probably near the top of the page.4. If lots of people search for a similar thing, click a link and don't return to click more, the first link was probably a good match. As you can probably imagine, these rules work better with more activity. Like Reddit, good results bubble to the top. When you're on some rinky-dink site that is implementing Google's algorithms, it's doing so with the handicap that the result set and activity base is much smaller. So it's less likely that lots of other people have searched for the exact thing you're looking for and trended towards a particular page.
Why does the skin get sticky after contact with sugary substances?
Hydrogen bonds! Pure sugar is a solid made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. When the crystals are intact, the atoms are fine staying where they are. When water is added those strong oxygen-hydrogen bonds in the sugar start to break, and those loose hydrogen atoms will look for something else to stick to.
How do services boost Facebook likes or Twitter/Instagram followers so quickly?
They build fake accounts and have them vote/like. The account credentials are added to a script that logs in and then votes using each account. You forgot to include reddit in your list.
If Mars' atmosphere is predominantly CO2, why has a greenhouse gas effect not significantly increased the Martian surface temperature?
Because Mars' atmosphere is insignificant; the surface pressure is only 600 pascals. By comparison, Earth's surface pressure is 101,000 pascals.Because the atmosphere is extremely thin. When Mars lost its magnetosphere it was no longer protected from solar winds and they blew away its atmosphere over the millennia. We could theoretically terraform Mars and even rebuild its atmosphere but to do so we would first have to find a way to protect it from the solar windsMars does experience some greenhouse effect from the level of CO_2 in the atmosphere. However because the Martian atmosphere is so thin there is just 15 times higher concentration of CO_2 in the Martian atmosphere as there is on Earth. However the Martian atmosphere does not stretch as far up so there is less overall CO_2 present. On Earth we also have a lot of water vapor which is another strong greenhouse gas which is almost not present on Mars. Mars is also much further away from the Sun and only receives about half the solar radiation of Earth.
Why do we sometimes have the urge to smile when reprimanded (even when not at all happy)?
It's a coping mechanism. My 7 year old boy does it all the time when I am scolding him. It infuriates me. Seems to be for emotional pain protection Edit: fixed Gboard auto correct errors.
Why do we talk to babies, pets, and old people with the same cooing high-pitched voice?
Babies learn speech faster if they're spoken to with baby-talk - It is slower and more repetitive. I expect we use it with animals simply because they're childlike in some ways - they have a lack of communication skills.
how does metamorphosis evolve?
Evolution does not only allow for beneficial mutations but also those that are not significantly detrimental. Any way, that said, there is no definitive answer answer for how metamorphosis came to be, but there are some reasonably convincing explanations. [This article] explains them very well. Basically in the insect world there is a continuum of lifecycles from no metamorphosis, via various levels of partial metamorphosis to the full monty. There are also variations in the timing with some metamorphosis occurring before birth. If nothing else this shows how you can work up to full metamorphosis a bit at a time.
Why youth unemployment is so important (especially in the EU)
To be blunt, it's usually the youth that has the stamina and political idealism to foment dissent. Having a lot of them out on their asses where they have the free time to get angry at the gov't can very well lead to a situation where they're angry enough to start organizing. Older and more affluent demographics tend to not start revolutions up until they're no longer able to feed themselves.Young people are much more likely to strongly and violently protest, as well as commit crimes . Just think about it, take 5 bored 20 year old guys and 5 bored 50 year olds which group is going to get into more trouble?', "People tend to get pissed off when they're unemployed for a long time.When old people get pissed off they complain.When young people get pissed off they start fires.
Why does the General Lee (A Dodge Charger) on the Dukes of Hazzard have its doors welded shut?
It's explained early on in the series that the car is meant to be used as a stock car. The doors are often wielded shut in those cars to increase to help maintain the integrity of the vehicle even after being hit a few times.To stiffen the chassis. Not allowing the car to flex at those places makes it handle better and more predictably.According to google it's because of racing regulations. The General Lee was built as a race car and evidently there is a rule for cars to be able to compete in a race the doors must be welded shut. Most likely to prevent the doors from flinging open if the car flips.
How did Japan completely change their culture from a militaristic, fanatical country (complete with suicide bombers), to a normal industrialized, peaceful country in less than a generation after WW2?
The culture wasn't militaristic, the government was. The Japanese population was basically deceived by propaganda from the military. After the military lost all control over the government , the mentality aspect changed.after ww2, they were basically forbidden from maintaining much of a military since they unconditionally surrendered and the us basically took care of japan, since us wanted an ally and naval/air bases in asia. so with all that money not going to military spending, where else to focus it?
Why can't we figure out the sex of a fetus at conception?
Pregnancy tests are designed to tell if your urine or blood contains the hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin which is released right after the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall. The only way to check the gender of the fetus before an ultrasound can detect it is to extract the DNA from one of the fetus's cells and check it for two x chromosomes or one x and one y. Taking out even one cell from a fetus will definitely slow down production of an organ down the road so removing one cell for the purposes of DNA screening is detrimental.
Why are medical professionals so against being quarantined after possibly being exposed to Ebola?
A quarantine is a good idea for diseases that can be spread by someone who is not showing symptoms. When you don't know whether someone may be contagious, it makes sense to keep them away from other people. But Ebola can only be spread by a person who is showing symptoms, and the symptoms are not subtle. Every single person who has developed Ebola symptoms in the United States caught the disease while caring for someone who was exhibiting the full symptoms. The original Dallas case was so problematic because when the patient first developed symptoms, the doctors who examined him did not know that he had been caring for an Ebola sufferer. A quarantine would not have prevented the subsequent infections because he would not have been quarantined, and more to the point because he was in practice confined to a bed anyway when the nurses were infected.
Who determines the speed in curves when people first make the roads?
The drivers, mostly. A lot of people don't realize that speed limits in most areas are determined by checking the speed of cars on a roadway or curve and using the speed that approx 85% of drivers use. The theory is that 85% of drivers are going to go the speed roadway conditions allow. If the speed limit is too low for conditions many people will ignore the speed limit. Naturally, there are exceptions. Like when the city council or someone thinks they know better than the traffic engineers. Source - I did traffic control studies for several years, including speed studies, for the purpose of determining speed limits. Another source - _URL_0_", 'Speed limits on roads are determined mostly by sight lines, how quickly you can react to an obstruction and stop safely. The math is well known, and for most practical road shapes the safe speed limit has already been calculated and can be looked up in a book. These calculations have over time been tested and verified by standards organisations like ASTM and SAE. In special cases an engineer may do a calculation to confirm what the speed limit should be if for some reason the road shape they want to use is not already tabulated, although this is rare as engineers would prefer to use a standard design to avoid the risk of something newThis depends on what state/country you live in. I reside in Missouri/USA and here they are determined mathematically based on the max weight and size of vehicles allowed to travel on the road. The heaviest/largest vehicles will usually be 10-15 miles/hr slower than the average consumer vehicle. Source: My dad was one of the guys that did this and I helped him when I was learning calculus as a practical example.
Why is gingrich's affair being downplayed, while Clinton was impeached for the same thing.
Clinton was accused of *perjury* and *obstruction of justice*. You cannot legislate morality hence Gingrich walks on the affair charge.Clinton wasn't impeached for having an affair, he was impeached for lying about it under oath, which is perjury. What actually happened was this: he was asked whether had sex with her, and he said no. Later she presented a dress of hers which was stained with his semen. Clinton clarified that she only gave him a blowjob, which in his eyes, didn't count as having sex . Others disagreed, and Clinton was charged with perjury and obstruction of justice. Then the senate acquitted him.
How was Felix Baumgartner able to stop himself from spinning so violently? Shouldn't he have just continued to spin uncontrollably?
The question is more of why he couldn't gain control when he was spinning violently. The reason for that was the low air density. The fact that there was less resistance in the air for his arms being spread out to slow his spinning. Once the air density increased his spinning decreased and he gained control.
How are suffixes for Nationalities decided? Why is it Japanese and Korean and not Japanean or Koreaese?
The main reason is because those would be a pain in the ass to say.We pretty much just pick whatever sounds good. We tend to pick -n/-an/-ean/-ian when it works, and use something else when it doesn't. Some older ones are historical and there's little hope of actually finding out where that came from. Fun fact: What do you call someone from Massachusetts? Massachusettsian? Massachusettsite? Massachusettsese? Massachusettsish? Everything sounds stupid, so they went to the state motto: People from Massachusetts are *Bay Staters*.
The plot of "Gravity's Rainbow"
The whole point is that the plot is virtually indecipherable. There is one, or two, or three, or
- How do exactly do electronics work?
The most basic answer is switches. Lots, and lots, and lots of switches. More than you can even imagine. Switches so small you can't see them on a microscope, and millions of them are packed into computer chips and wired together. These switches also have different types of behaviors. For example, some type of switches will only turn on if they recieve an 'on' signal from two other switches. Some will send a signal only if they recieve an 'on' signal from one but not two other switches. There are a whole variety of different types. Pressing ctrl on its own does something completely different than hitting ctrl, alt and del together If a simple switch is on, a digital electronic device will interpret this in machine language as a '1', if it is off, it will interpret this as a '0'. You can string these ones and zeroes into more complicated numbers using binary code. Binary code isn't as complex as it sounds, it's all about the order things go in. 0000 is zero 0001 is one 0010 is two 0011 is three 0100 is four 0101 is five. And so on . These binary codes can then trigger even more complicated switches. A switch will turn on if it recieves a binary code 0010110. A pixel on your screen will turn red if this switch turns on. Every pixel on your screen is coded in this way . That W on your keyboard ? That isn't a W, it's a button with a W on it that will send 0110101 to your computer when you press it .
Potentially Stupid Question - How do the immensely wealthy and billionaires of the world actually pay for things? Where is the "money" portion coming from?
> Do they just sell stock as needed? Yes, basically that. They wouldn't sell it all from the same company to limit the impact though, as their wealth is distributed among many different things.
Why is it that the younger generation sets the standard for what is deemed "cool" by society?
Because they're the only ones who think it's important.There's a few things going on. Teenagers and those in their early twenties tend to care a lot more about being accepted by people their own age. People in their 30's, 40's, and on don't so much. So setting the standard for "cool" around people who care the most about the way they look and act around others makes sense for companies trying to sell things. The other two things connected to that is that those groups tend to have a lot of disposable income and free time. Teenagers and those in their early twenties typically don't have many costs they have to cover themselves. They live at home or in a dorm, have their food and clothing provided for by their parents, and they often have jobs and/or allowances. They also, typically, spend less time in school then their parents spend at their jobs, and have less responsibility for taking care of the house; they don't have to write out the mortgage and car loan checks. So they have more time to research and look at what's "cool."because they are the easiest mark to sell to.As someone who will be 40 soon I can answer this simply I am tired and don't give a fuck any more.
If your boss makes you commit plagiarism who is liable?
just save the emails where you pointed this out and he told you to carry on, then you can prove it later.Well, plagiarism isn't illegal anywhere, so it doesn't really matter. It's extremely immoral, but nobody's going to come after you unless you've violated copyright.
Why are internet speeds measured in megabits or gigabits, but storage space (Hard Drive, Flash Drive, etc.) Measured in Megabytes or Gigabytes?
There are at least two reasons: 1. It makes the number sound bigger, 2. History. Historically, data transfer was measured in bits per second because the data was being sent as individual bits. Memory tends to be indexed in bytes, so measuring that in bytes made sense, but data was sent bit by bit. And of course, ISPs aren't interested in changing that convention, because it makes their network sound faster.
How do dogs predict seizures?
It **is** a thing! But we're not *entirely* sure how they do it. We're reasonably sure that it has something to do with chemical markers in your blood. The idea is that, as your body ramps up for a seizure, there are very small changes in your body chemistry as a side-effect, which subtly affects your scent. They sniff it and are trained to know that means a seizure is coming. Another reasonable explanation is that dogs are just that good at picking up body language. They're pretty obsessed with humans , and with the right training they'll be paying very close attention to the subtle body behavior. If you're about to seize, your muscles will clench, your posture kind of changes it's quick and it's not something anyone else is looking for. Even if someone notices, they take a second to figure it out, and by then you're already seizing. So the dogs are trained to see it coming and react. It is not, however, completely reliable, and not a lot of study has been done to figure exactly how it works. Apparently, one study even found that a patient had seizures *in response to* the warning signal from the dog. So it's complicated and we're not sure!
How did Adobe gain their monopoly on photo editing and digital art and design software?
They didn't. There are plenty of alternatives such as GIMP or Coral Draw or a bunch of others. They just happen to produce the very best in the category so they're the most popular.
Would it be possible to clone a dinosaur?
You can use frog DNA to fill in the gene sequence gaps! Edit: the Michio Kaku video that actually explains a real answer:_URL_0_[I cant explain better than Michio Kaku. ]', "There was actually a link in /r/bestof recently that touched on dinosaur cloning : _URL_2_
How do disc brakes work?
Not an engineer, but to break pads get push together with a viceclamp and they squeeze the rotating disk that turns your tire. Creating a bunch of friction until the car vehicle comes to a stopThey function better because the heat can be transfered to the surrounding air better than in a drum . The stationary brake pads get heated up as well but the main carrier is still the disc.
Why are people protesting the World Cup in Brazil?
Because the Brazilian government has spent hundreds of millions of dollars on an event that will bring in zero profit to the country when some of the largest slums on the planet exist within their borders. [John Oliver explains this pretty well.] Humorous, but still depressing.Education, health care and lives in general are pretty messed up in Brazil and next to nothing is being done about it, yet the goverment spends a shipload of money to organise a sports competition. I'd be pissed too if I was from Brazil.Mostly because it costs a lot of money to host the World Cup, and the people protesting think that money can be better spent on other things.
Why does Steam/Valve insist that Linux is the future of gaming?
There are several reasons for Valve pushing Linux or specifically SteamOS. First reason is streamlined PC gaming, providing a more console like experience where everything just works. I.e. by taking all the weird crap people often have installed on their Windows machines out of the loop and instead just provide a gaming focused OS with good driver support there should be far less of the compatibility issues often associated with PC gaming. Second, is Valve trying to optimize graphics and audio performance, although to be honest I doubt they can really do it that much better than Microsoft. You can say a lot about MS but DirectX is actually pretty good. I think the whole L4D2 working better on Linux is more about Valve wanting to create a good story for their Linux support than any inherent Linux performance edge. Third, what I believe is the most important reason and the reason Valve don't talk about is, platform control. Valve sees what Microsoft is doing with the Windows Store in Windows 8 as a major threat. On Windows 8 RT devices, the only way to install apps is the Windows Store. Valve fears that Microsoft will eventually move in the same direction with non-RT devices, this would be a deathblow to the Steam platform. Such a move from Microsoft will take time, but Windows 8 is the first step and Valve recognized that they would need to move early to counter it. By creating their own platform, SteamOS, Valve gains complete control. They can kiss competition from Origin and other digital game pushers’ goodbye. I can promise you that in SteamOS you only buy from the Steam platform. Using the trusted platform technology already built into many PCs today, they could also make SteamOS more resistant to game piracy, a huge incentive for game publishers to support SteamOS. So yeah, I’m excited about SteamOS as much as most here on reddit, but I doubt it will be a huge gaming revolution for Linux distros that aren't SteamOS and don't think that Valve is doing this out of the goodness of their hearts. This is a business decision, plain and simple.
Why do I get "butterflies" in my stomach when falling from a great height in video games such as Minecraft?
You get butterflies when your brain thinks your sense of balance is all wonky. There are two inputs to your brain's sense of balance: your inner ear, and your visual view of the horizon. Both of these play into your balance, but different people use them different amounts. Some people can balance entirely by ear, and if they jump off a cliff and go upside it doesn't bug them because their brain doesn't care what their eyes are telling them about the horizon. Other people are highly visual, and their brains believe their eyes and the visual perception of the horizon much more than their inner ear. These people tend to have an easier time getting sick on boats and roller-coasters and in video games where the horizon is doing crazy things. Even though their inner ear is telling them that they're sitting safely in a chair.Butterflies ? Do you mean, "oh MAN that was GREAT! I totally have to do that again!" or "holy crap, that was scary! *heart beating fast*" or "I am in love with the fact that I just fell from a cliff!"
When a person is morbidly obese, why do doctors treat it by surgically shrinking the stomach instead of surgically removing the fat?
They do that too. It's called [liposuction]. But the root cause of that fatness is the person's excessive appetite. Stomach stapling fixes the cause, liposuction just temporarily relieves the effect.
Why is is that the human brain can't comprehend anything over the third dimension?
Imagine it like this, if a person on a playing card theoretically could see, and they saw a sphere, they would recognize it as a circle without its' 3D properties. So if we saw a 4D, or a higher dimensional object, we would see it as 3D, and nothing more. I apologize if that wasn't clear\r\rEdit: Grammar", 'Because we have evolved to mainly deal with macroscopic objects. None of our evolutionary history required perception of beyond-third-dimension understanding, thus we did not evolve senses to perceive it with
Why would someone sell their service on Fiverr
$5 is the base price though. People can charge more depending on the amount of time/work it takes them to do the task. Also the attractive thing is that you are earning money in time that maybe you wouldn't be earning anything at all. Weekends and free time or just plain unemployed. And $5 is attractive enough for you to not be mad is the job isn't professional like. Low price, low expectations.
If I replace every part of my car when does it become a new car?
To my knowledge the odometer never legally resets. What people do note though is if you put a new engine in they will tell you how many miles are on that engine. So you could have a car with 400,000 on the odometer but an engine that only has 100,000 on it. Only problem with this is there is no meter that shows engine miles so you need to trust the guys documentation.I think the VIN goes with the frame. People do change engines. I'm not sure if they reset the odometer for it. Also what about a rebuilt or junkyard engine? The odometer is more than just mileage. It's an indication of total wear on the car. I had one once where the engine was fine but the suspension had plenty of problems for example.Legally? You're not allowed to do either . So in terms of how the car is treated as a legal entity, swapping out any number of parts won't make it a "new" car.In the UK there is a points system that decides at which point it is no longer the same car, the point depend on what part you are changing and what the car is. E.g. in some cases, you can change the chassis and it still be classified as the same car, but you can't change anything else If you do change more then the allowed points, then it will no longer be classified as the same car and you will have to apply for a manufacturers MOT and you will have a new licence plate to show it's a bastard car.Presumably at some point the odometer would either break or run out of digits and "reset" as it rolls over to all zeroes on its display. As to the VIN No idea, might wear off after a few thousand years of sun/wind. A convertable would obviously speed up this process.
What is the meaning of the phrase "you can kill yourself with good intentions?"
I'm not sure what context you're coming from but there is such a thing as **compassion fatigue** and is a well known issue with anybody who tries to help anybody else on a regular basis. So people who deliver healthcare and who take care of sick family members are the usual ones we think about. It really is a form of burnout where you start become embittered with the people you're trying to help, you develop a nihilistic attitude toward your work and all this might bleed into other aspect of your life. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, difficulty with personal relationships, that sort of thing. There's also such a thing in charitable giving, where we are constantly hounded to donate to cancer funds, world hunger funds, animal rights groups, environmental funds. You just turn off and become cynical. EDT: TLDR - you gotta be able to take care of yourself before you can take care of others.
How can animals like amphibians or marine mammals see clearly in both air and water?
Humans see poorly in water mainly due to our eyes not being used to a large quantity of water, hence the stinging and the want to keep eyes closed.If you open your eyes in fresh water you find you can see fine. Amphibians have protective membranes on their eyes which allows a greater range of water purity and pH for them to still work properly. Some amphibians also see in Infra Red or Ultra Violet which will help them see in murky water where we'd only see the algae. This should answer your question, if you have further questions feel free to ask.
How can Madonna say "she's though a lot about blowing up the white house" and not be arrested on site?
Thinking isn't a crime, especially in the US. In the US, freedom of speech allows you to say "I think the country would be better off if someone blew up the White House." Even saying "I plan to blow up the White House" could be taken to mean "on Twitter", and you 'd get questioned, not SWATed. Hollywood blows the place up in some movie every year, it's an action movie trope. What Madonna really said was "Yes, I have thought an awful lot about blowing up the White House but I choose love." It seems that the FAKE NEWS folks on the right always seem to leave off that part of the quote. Part of the professionalism of the FBI is that they don't go off without checking all the facts, unlike some city SWAT teams without enough real crime to fight.Because it's not illegal to think about blowing up the White house. We have not yet devolved into a country where thinking specific things is illegal.
How do we know what is at the bottom of the ocean (e.g. Anglerfish)?
Deep sea probing using submarines that are able to withstand the pressure . Also sometimes miraculously corpses from deep sea creatures survive all the predatory and scavenger fish and floats to the surface where someone catches sight of it. There's still a ton out there we don't know about. Based on the [US National Ocean Service], humanity's only actually "explored" about 5% of the ocean floor, so there's still potentially quite a lot to discoverBecause people have been there in submarines/submersibles, as well as having sent remote-controlled vehicles down there with lights and cameras.
What the difference is between a galaxy, a cluster, and a galaxy cluster.
Cluster: Quite a few star systems close together Galaxy: Lots of stars orbiting a black hole Galaxy cluster: Same as cluster but with galaxies
Why do scientists look for life on planets only similar to our own? Couldn't there be life not based on carbon?
Well, you can't rule it out, but we've never seen non-carbon life before, so we wouldn't even know what to look for. Because we know what carbon-based life is, we know to look for things like Methane in the atmosphere, organic molecules, etc.
What is the science behind the saying "Red Sky in Morning, Sailor's Warning. Red Sky at Night, Sailor's Delight"
The colors seen in the sky are due to the sunlight passing through the atmosphere and ricocheting off the water vapor and particles in the atmosphere. The amounts of water vapor and dust particles in the atmosphere are good indicators of weather conditions and determine what colors we see in the sky. A red sky suggests an atmosphere loaded with dust and moisture particles. We see red, because red wavelengths are breaking through the atmosphere. The shorter wavelengths, such as blue, are scattered and broken up. Red sky at night means that the setting sun is sending its light through a high concentration of dust particles. This usually indicates high pressure and stable air coming in from the west. Basically good weather will follow. A red sunrise reflects the dust particles of a system that has just passed from the west. This indicates that a storm system may be moving to the east. If the morning sky is a deep fiery red, it means a high water content in the atmosphere. So, rain is coming
Why do ballsacks vary in sagginess? What causes them to sag as well?
It's temperature control. The process by which your spunk is generated and maintained is highly dependent on staying in a pretty small temperature range, so your ballsack expands and contracts to get your testicles closer to, or further from, your body's core, where it generates most of your body heat.
How does video game anticheat like Vac detect external cheat software on their games?
While they can check for things like modified game files or memory hacking, anti-cheat software often doesn't limit itself to monitoring the game. As a simple method many programs check what processes you are currently running against a list of known cheat software, for example. Depending on the game there may be things that can be checked by the server, such as items with unusual values or a player dealing abnormal amounts of damage.
The controversy surrounding the term TERF
> From a modern mainstream-feminist point of view, isn't it right to silence those who regard trans people as not being women? Well yeah, but TERFs *aren't* mainstream. They're a small and hateful side group, sort of the Westboro Baptist of feminism. The reason they call it "misogynist" is that they see including trans women as diverting attention from 'real\' women in favor of what they see as men trying to invade their spaces.
I already have the latest version of DirectX. Why does it have to be installed every time I install a game?
Most DirectX installs that come bundled with games and are only a specific distribution tailored for that game. They will install only the specific packs or DLLs that game needs. Since each game is made differently these bundles vary widely. In general i like to grab what's called a "redistributable package" from Microsoft, these are much larger but contain all files from that version of DirectX. _URL_0_This generally only applies to DirectX 9, as 10 and 11 both come bundled into Windows and aren't as widely used.
Why do we raise/lower our voice at the end of a question?
We do that in English. There are other languages that do things differently. Some languages are pretty flat, and do the voice raise at the beginning of the questionTo signify that we're asking a question. Have you ever talked to someone who speaks with a completely flat tone? It's damn near impossible to tell when they're ending a sentence, asking a question, popping a joke, etc. Raising and lowering our voice is a pseudo-verbal cue that we learn as a part of communicating with other human beings, since "?" is a hard grammatical point when you're doing everything with sound
In movies, how do they achieve the effect of a camera looking directly in to a bathroom mirror without it being seen in the reflection?
It's done with an axial adjustment inside the movie camera. If you shift the focal plane away from perpendicular to the axis of the lens, the scene is distorted in an effect called keystoning. It makes things like a rectangle look like a trapezoid. It turns out, this is the opposite of the effect you get by filming a rectangular object from the side. So, you move the camera to the left of the person, say 10˚, and then you apply 10˚\xa0of axis offset in the camera, and the scene looks like it's shot square on to the mirror, except the camera isn't visible. You can see how this works more easily in a view camera with a bellows between the lens and the image plane. Movie cameras are very complex inside.Usually, there's two main options: Either remove the camera and other unwanted elements digitally from the background in the reflection; or just not use a mirror, and instead, create two mirror duplicates of the set, including stand-ins for the actor. Their faces aren't visible and they do their best to mirror each other's movements. Also, usually for most simple mirror scenes the camera is simply set at an angle where it cannot be seen in the reflection, as both aforementioned approaches are expensive. Finally, the two tactics can be combined when a really complicated scene is being filmed, like [this one from Sucker Punch].I'll add to the other correct responses. Sometimes they don't use a mirror at all. [In this deleted Terminator 2 scene] we have Linda Hamilton's twin sister with a robot head in the foreground and Arnie and Linda Hamilton visible through a window.
Why is it perfectly legal to make and sell knockoffs of foods and other household items, but highly illegal to do with technology?
Several reasons. Sometimes the generic brands are actually produced by the name brand, but its just repackaged and sold under the generic one. More importantly, you need a legal standpoint to sue. What law is Dr. Publix? None. Dr. Pepper does not have an exclusive right to make that kind of a drink. In terms of technology, the companies hold patents, which do give them exclusive rights. The general public still does not really understand what was specifically debated in the Apple-Samsung trials. Apple held some design patents governing the ornamentation of the devices. Design patents are read quite narrowly. If you look at the patents and what Samsung did before/after the iPhone came out, it is pretty obvious that Samsung deliberately copied the design in order to tread off the success. Whether or not we should care about protecting that type of right is a different issue.
If the person before me gets regular gas, and I need premium, how does the pump clear the gas that was in the hose?
It doesn't. It isn't going to make a difference to your car for that small amount to end up in the tank", 'Only one pump? What crazy as country would do this?', "Here in Australia each petrol sub-type has it's own hose. Unleaded / diesel / unleaded premium etc..
How does the brain encode sounds and music such that you can "hear" an almost perfect recording in your head, from memory, as if it's digitally encoded
Scientists have started to zero in on the way the brain stores and encodes information, called sparse distributed representation. This encoding mechanism is in fact digital. Large groupings of neuronal columns and micro-columns connected to sensory pathways are activated sparsely, and unique clusters of connected activated columns store spatial and sequential data. The collection of activated columns within the total collection of columns in a structure can be represented as digital bits, and each bit has semantic meaning. In the case of music, the semantic context is that of notes, duration, and other sound qualities. Each "on" bit, or 1 in a representation, is roughly equivalent to the column or columns of neurons in the brain that fire in response to hearing or recalling a particular note or sound. So yes, it does appear that our experiences are digital in nature.
Increasing minimum wage, are we just buying time until the inevitable which is technology and capital replacing menial labour/knowledge jobs?
You and I may not go very far here, as this isn't a true ELI5 question. But you bothered to write it and I bothered to read it, so I'm gonna offer my pointless opinion.\r\rLow skill, fast paced jobs have been threatened by technology for a long time. Now, it looks like we are getting closer a time when computers and robots have a real ability to handle these tasks. Robots are used to assemble frozen or pre-packed foods, why not fresh? Bill Gates told us a long time ago that if we didn't learn to control the machines, they would control us.\rI think we're getting there. But, by implementing this and ostracizing a significant portion of the population, there will be riots, and people will push back on the aggressors of this economic warfare.\rWhen it all goes to shit, we will still need people for unskilled labor. It all evens out eventually, but how long that takes, and the methods used, I don't know.
How would tuition "free" Universities benefit the school?
The underlying idea is not to benefit the school, but to benefit *society.* I know that's a radical notion in a country that still values the greed of individuals over the general good of society, but there we are. Eventually, schools and teachers DO benefit, because making university education universal creates a greater demand for schools and teachers. Of course, this notion *terrifies* expensive private schools, not because such a system would force them to shut down--it wouldn't--but because with state-funded competition, they'll find it harder and harder to justify their exorbitant prices. People will pretty quickly figure out that higher tuition does not *automatically* mean a better education. A couple decades down the road, the countries like Germany that have already instituted universal college education are going to kick the ignorant asses of the countries that still insist on making people pay big bucks for education.
What was the point of the Cold War
The main issue at play was sphere of influence in the world. From the side of the West , it felt that communism was a threat to the way things are done here. That if it allowed the USSR to expand, the influence will expand into their own nations. For the East, it had the fear that the West would interfere with its plans. To understand the idea of the "Cold War" you have to understand that there was no large scale direct conflict between the USSR and Western nations. It first started in Europe, and first around Germany. After World War II, US, UK, France and the USSR split up German and the city of Berlin into equal portions. This resulted in future disagreements. Then the West developed pacts over many Western European nations, while the USSR did it around many Eastern European nations. The two superpowers kept trying to spread their influence, and at the same time, build tremendous military and nuclear arsenals. All of the fear of losing influence and power. They also had proxy wars, with combat missions in Afghanistan, Vietnam and Korea.
Why does stuffing your mouth with a handkerchief stifle the scream, when you're actually making noise from your throat?
The source waveform for a vocal sound comes from the throat, yes. However, there are two factors at play: 1. Your mouth and nose act as a resonant cavity for the sound. That means the sound will appear subjectively 'louder' coming from the mouth.2. The flesh of your throat is not as good at conducting sound as the air in your vocal tract is. Shoving a soft, absorptive material in the mouth prevents the sound from transmitting there; and the flesh is also soft and absorptive.
If so many places and products claim to only use "100% Chicken Breast", where does the rest of the chicken go?
Nuggets, Chicken-based sausage products, stuff like that. The meat is almost always ground up so it has a consistent texture. You can use ground chicken in a product and still call it 100% chicken, cause it is, but in order to say 100% chicken *breast* it better be breast meat[Russia]. Seriously, for many years [Russia was a major importer of leg quarters] of chicken. When the banned US chicken the price of leg quarters dropped in the US until prices were low enough that US buyers would buy both in similar amountsBasically anything that doesn't say "100% chicken breast" is probably the rest of the meat. You only really notice it when it's called out, but if you start looking you'll notice that it often isn't called out. Roughly half the meat on a chicken is breast, so it's not like there's *that* much more meat out there.Buffalo Wings Most Chinese food/Asian stir-fry dishes use thigh and leg dark meat, whether places like Panda Express or your local Chinese/Thai place, because it's less prone to drying out when being cooked in small pieces.
Why can I socialize with individuals and enjoy public speaking, but get nervous in smaller groups?
Small group dynamics. My guess is that you're afraid of standing out in a small group, for some reason or another. Be it fear of coming off as snobbish, offensive, weird, stupid, awkward, rude, elitist etc. One on one you can read your target, and quickly adapt. As a presenter, you and your message is the focus of attention. In a small group, you need to be able to quickly read and adapt to multiple individuals, while juggling this thought process, you admittedly kind of break down. If it's work/school related - I recommend taking the reins and try to establish yourself in a leadership position and see if that clears up the jitters. Don't be afraid to assert yourself, your ideas, or your opinion. Confidence is like a drug - both for yourself and others, and even just faking it can have positive effects. If it's social - Work slowly, establish a repertoire with a few others first and slowly branch out. You don't have to be friends or get along with everybody there, just don't be a jerk.A large group functions like a single person, you treat a large group as a whole singular unit the group. But when in a small group you cannot ignore the non-singularity of the individuals and must account for their individual opinions/thoughts
What would the logistics of global nuclear disarmament be?
If you hold the greatest diplomatic bargaining chip the wolrd has ever seen , why would you want to get rid of it? *It's probably fair to say that Russia would not be annexing Crimea now if Ukraine has kept it's Soviet nukes.
; What's that throbbing on the side of our heads when we chew?
That is your jaw muscles. _URL_0_ If the throbbing is painful you should see a doctor.What do you mean by throbbing? Do you mean a physical sensation, a visual effect, a sound? If you mean a sound, you have a muscle in your ear that's activated when you chew or yawn that makes you [hear a low rumbling sound]. Some people can control this muscle, some can't.
Levels of clearance and security classification. Who has access to stuff? How is that stuff 'labeled' to know who can have access?
**General Primer on Clearance and Classification:** It works simply. You *classify* information according to some methodology. You then assign *clearances* to people which defines which levels of classification they theoretically have access to. I say "theoretically" because the other component to this is *need to know.* Just because you have a clearance equal to or greater than some level of classification doesn't grant you automatic access to that classification. You also must have a legitimate need to know that classified information. > Would the entire Russian investigation be classified at the same level or are certain portions classified differently? There is no one-size-fits-all rule. When you have pieces of information classified differently and you're dealing with them altogether, then the whole package would be classified at the highest level of the pieces of information that make it up . > Who, if anyone, has unrestricted access to all classified information? Theoretically, the President. At least with respect to the executive branch. He is the ultimate source/authority when it comes to such classifications, so he likely has the authority to request any piece of information he wants and then grant himself whatever authority he needs to access it. I say executive branch because that's the branch he is in charge of and usually what we're talking about when it comes to classification of information. Hypothetically, Congress could invent their own classification scheme and the President would have no inherent rights to access itTo answer your second question: Members of Congress neither receive nor require security clearances of any level. They are not exempt from need-to-know requirements, but that is the only limit on their access to classified information.
Why are alcohol bottles not required to have nutritional labels? (like calories, carbohydrates, sodium, etc...)
The main reason, as others have pointed out, is because alcohol is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States, but rather by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau and, to a lesser extent, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives . FDA has very specific guidelines as to what information food producers must put on the labels of their products. These guidelines do not cover alcohol, as the FDA has no regulatory power in that area. There are other labeling laws, which alcohol producers must follow, such as listing the percent of pure alcohol in the beverage by volume. These regulations are laid out and enforced by TTB. This is currently a matter of some debate, as there are players in the beer industry that strongly support requiring nutrition info labeling requirements on alcohol similar to food and non-alcoholic beverages. Why? Because they want to dispel the notion that hard liquor and wine are "healthy" alternatives to beer. Although hard liquor has no carbohydrates, it is very high in calories. When mixed with juice or soda, it can wind up being significantly higher in calories than the average beer. However, the beer industry can't unilaterally start doing this on their own, because there are actually prohibitions on what they are allowed to print on their label in terms of nutrition facts, since alcoholic beverages are considered nutritionally deficient.Alcohol doesn't fall under the jurisdiction of the FDA, for whatever reason I do not know I am sure someone else could fill you in. The FDA is the one who requires all those things to be printed on labels.
What are those pillars of light on the horizon during wintertime?
On cold nights little tiny droplets of water in the air turn into ice crystals. Those crystals reflect moon or sunlight, forming what you see as a light pillar. It is kinda like the formation of rainbow, but without refraction.
What are food stamps?
Poor people get money from the government to buy food . To make sure they spend the money on food, they used to get special slips of paper that they would use at the store. These days, it's all done electronically, just like a credit/debit card, using a system generically called "EBT".They're like a currency that can only be used for food which is given by the government to those who need it", 'I dont know if you want to know because you need help. Can i just add food stamps is not the same as assistance. Food stamps are just for food and seeds and isnt hard to get even with both parents work. Cash assistance is actual money the government gives out. You can use the card like an atm card to buy anything or even withdraw cash. Cash assistance is nearly impossible to get because all the rules you have to follow to get it make you ineligible to receive it. etc. And even if you qualify you get very little. Not sure if that helps but thought id mention itA program like SNAP provides low-income people, who apply, an EBT card. Food assistance money is deposited on the card on a fixed day, once a month. The card is multifunctional; if a person is also receiving cash assistance , it can be deposited onto the same card. The biggest thing to note is that, while welfare can be deposited from most ATMs directly from the card, food stamp money cannot. Food stamps can only be used by approved retailers; drugs, alcohol and energy drinks cannot be purchased using food stamp money. The more you know!
how do any thing that lay eggs fertilize them?
Eggs that don't have shells, such as those laid by fishes and frogs, are usually fertilised after being laid. The female produces the eggs and then the male covers them in sperm. It's an inefficient method, which is one reason why these creatures usually lay large numbers of eggs. Eggs in shells, however, such as those produced by reptiles and birds, are fertilised before they're laid. The male and female animal copulate and fertilisation occurs -- much like with mammals. However whereas mammals keep the developing foetus internally in a womb, in egg-laying animals a shell then develops around the egg and it's ejected from the body.
Why is it that when you lay down and lay as still as possible, you can hear a pillow compressing no matter how still you lay?
I'm no scientist, but I would assume it's because there are hundreds of thousands of little fibers in a pillow and even though a human thinks they are laying perfectly still, they are still constantly moving , which in return causes the fibers to constantly be moving in response i.e. making noise. Tl;dr: In the big picture the human might be still, but in the small picture we are constantly moving and shifting.
Why dialup internet had to make that crazy noise when turning on
Phone lines can only carry sound. In order to send data over a phone line, you need to convert it to sound and have a device on the other side that converts the sound back to data. These devices are called **modems**. The history of modems goes back decades, with different models & standards for *how* they convert data to sound, how fast they're sending, how much error correction/data compression they're using and whatnot. That \'crazy noise\' you hear during the connection is the modems trying to figure out which methods they have in common & set up the best possible connection. It goes through a bunch of phases because it's going through 40+ years of protocols that are all layered on top of each other. This is called a "handshake". By default, the speaker was on during the handshake so that you could tell it was happening & detect if there were problems . If you want to get into more depth about what's happening during the handshake, [here's a good writeup with a nice visualization of what's going on].
[Biology] what keeps or gut flora from drunkening us?
You're mistaking "air" for "oxygen". We don't have many air pockets in our bodies. We do have a great deal of oxygen. We wouldn't survive without it.
why do people apologize for being white and having white privilege?
I can't speak to what your cousin posted, but generally speaking, people aren't APOLOGIZING for being white. The entire point is, to be aware of and acknowledge the things that come to you automatically/don't come to you automatically on account of your race. This builds both personal awareness of the world around you and even a deeper understanding of yourself, and serves to bring to light issues in our society. Example: If I, as a white person state that I am privileged because I am dramatically less likely to be stopped on the street by police because someone called in a crime where the suspect was [my skin color], simply because I am a skin color - I'm not apologizing for being white. I'm not begging for forgiveness from people of other racial backgrounds, or saying that I should be stopped on the street. I'm saying, there's certain things I will never have to experience myself that people of color DO have to worry about and thus I'll never have a complete understanding of what it's like to be in that situation. But acknowledging it brings me closer to that understanding.
why do animals seem so scared by humans but not by other animals
Humans are pretty big, powerful animals. In many areas humans are the largest species in the ecosystem. Of course there are hyperspecialized death-dealing apex predators that have us beat easily, but most animals are right to be afraid of humans. We're huge and loud, if they're not accustomed to human presence the safest decision is to assume we may be aggressive and flee. Small animals that don't assume huge lumbering monsters are aggressive usually get eaten, so a flee response has been evolutionarily ingrained in small animals.
What exactly are smelling salts are, and how do they work?
Smelling salts release ammonia gas, which irritates the mucous membranes of the nose and lungs, and thereby triggers an inhalation reflex. Sauce: _URL_0_
Why do HDDs have multiple disks in a stack when the needle only writes to the top one?
Actually the 'needle' exists for all the disks in the stack. [Example1], and [Example2]", 'A HDD has more then one needle. The needle is actually called a read/write head. it looks like [this] in the picture you can see that it has multiple ends. each of them is on top of a disk, so there are also heads that are in between the stack of disks. if you open a harddisk you can only see the one on top, as the others are below the disk.
What is "austerity" or "austerity measures" as economic policy? When is it effective? When is it ineffective or detrimental?
Governments give stuff to people. This can be anything from a nicely maintained road network, to educational establishments, to healthcare facilities, to free swimming lessons for kids. All this has to be paid for out of a budget, and if you don't balance your books - like you and me - you run out of money. If a government spends too much, then it has to spend less before it goes broke. This could be, for example, not maintaining the roads, not paying teachers as much money , reducing what healthcare is given away free, or cutting programmes for kids. This helps balance the books. But it also puts labourers, nurses, teachers and swimming instructors out of work, which means they're more dependant on the state. Also, you get a population that's more prone to illness, less well educated and nobody can get to work because there's a hole in the road so customers go to Germany instead. Austerity is cutting back on what a government spends. It's used when a government is in debt. Some argue that it's effective in getting out of debt. Others argue it does more harm than good. There's no right answer, and in truth it's a very fine balance between cutting just enough and not too much. But if you knew how to do that, you'd be the prime minister / president.
How can someone be "Over-qualified" for a job? and why do "Over-qualified" people get fired?
If you have a PHD in astrophysics you're probably not going to be happy flipping burgers or cold calling to sell software . so why on earth would a company pay tens of thousands of dollars to train you for a job you are almost certainly going to leave as soon as you can.
how do you Know if someone is a bad Actor or if its the director who is bad?
If a good actor does a bad performance in one movie, he's a good actor with bad direction. If an actor does a bad performance in every movie he is in, he's a bad actor. Personally I think the best actors are the ones who actually play different characters, instead of themselves in different scenarios, so I personally think if an actor plays the same character in every damn movie, it may be a good believable character, but the "actor" is not actually "acting" But that's just me.
how is chewing bones good for dogs teeth, and can it benefit humans?
Their teeth are specifically designed to crush softer bones like ribs and vertebrae unlike our teeth. When dogs eat lots of softer foods like commercial dog food their teeth can't get tartar build up on it just like our teeth; gnawing on bones will help scrape the build up off.
How can there be no natural predators for rabbits in Australia?
Rabbits have simply outbred the one major native predator--the dingo and there are few minor predators--the introduced fox also cannot breed fast enough to beat the rabbit--and is also hunted very hard itself by humans because of their preference for lambs rather than rabbits. Australian is very sparsely populated even with native animals and the rabbit being a prolific breeder and finding an unexploited ecosystem was able to establish itself very quickly. The rabbit has also seen off myxomatosis, the calici virus, as well as baiting and poisoning programs.
what is dust? How does it get everywhere?
About [1/3] of dust comes from inorganic stuff in your house breaking down, like carpet fibers. The rest comes from dirt and air particulates you bring in from the outside. There's also a small contribution from organic matter like your skin cells and pet dander.