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What is the purpose of the blue tint/film at the top of windshields?
It helps to shade the sun from blinding you as you drive. Think about how sunglasses work except only for certain anglesThe sky is brighter than ground, and the difference in brightness causes eyestrain. so some manufacturers tint that portion of the windshield to balance the brightness between the sky and the ground. It is similar to wearing a baseball hat, or putting down the sun visor.
Why in the u.s. they call some places and restaurants "hole in the wall"?
This phrase has been used since the early 1800s. A 'hole' is an empty space, and a 'wall' is part of a building. So a 'hole in the wall' is a simple, undecorated space in a building.
Why do TV stations use "photographer" when referring to their videographer job postings?
TV stations are going to be shooting motion, not stills. Why are you looking at TV station jobs if you want to work at a newspaper? Anyways, photography doesn't just refer to stills. The head of the camera department on a film production is called the Director of Photography. The period of shooting in a film production is called Principle Photography. This use of the word photography is commonplace in the industry.
Why do we feel fear when watching a horror movie even though we know we're not in any kind of danger?
Rational thought is expressed at the prefrontal cortex in the brain, but fear is expressed in the amygdala in the limbic system, a more primal part of the brain. The limbic system is not under conscious control and will automatically activate upon contact with terrifying stimuli, the prefrontal cortex is not able to shut it off.It really comes down to the music. If you have ever tried watching a horror movie that's been muted the scenes dont have the same effect as when you hear the music. Not really sure of the science behind it but I think its definitely the music that builds up the anticipation for the scare.
Why is salary credited in a Bank Statement?
The name comes from double entry accounting's terms for increasing and decreasing an account, and because from the bank's perspective your account is a liability not an asset .
Why has internet speed increased over the years if the medium of delivery has always been the same?
Mainly because of new methods of compressing data to fit into the limited bandwidth of those copper wires. Also by expanding and bringing high bandwidth fiber networks closer to the home. I'm getting 100mbps over the same cable I used to watch scrambled porn on when I was a teenager.
Why do most countries have extremely different dialects that cannot be understood by people in the same country while the United States basically has one?
We're freakin' *young*. Those dialects grew up over centuries of isolation. The average person wouldn't go from Edinburgh to London, ever. So you have a long time of relative linguistic isolation. Compare to the US, where it's been common for a century or so to move from one end of the continent to the other, and we're less than 300 years old.
Why is "I have nothing to hide" a bad argument against mass surveillance?
Because you shouldn't only be entitled to privacy if you have something to hide."I have nothing to hide." is an ignorant justification *for* mass surveillance, not an argument against it. The U.S. Bill of Rights promise of, "no unreasonable search or seizures." would be an argument *against* mass surveillance.Know tell us your name, address and how often you masturbate, did you ever stick something up your anus or have you ever watched gay, animal or spanking porn. Or do you have something to hide? ;) no matter who you are, there is just something you don't share with everybody upfront. *Edit: Guy porn changed to gay porn ;)*
How can a human stomach realistically hold 74 hot dogs and buns?
The stomach is not a stiff organ. Its due to it's elasticity, the material / tissue of the stomach is pretty elastic, allowing it to hold a lot of solids/liquids without "exploding" or breaking up. It pretty much acts as a bag. Without counting the digestion that "liquidifies" aliments and reduces their volume But i didnt know it could hold 74 hotdogs and buns, that's impressive
Is it the actual tobacco that is bad for you in cigarettes, or all of the chemicals that are put into the cigarette?
Both; but it is more complicated that. The chemicals added are bad. The act of breathing smoke into lungs is bad. Nicotine is highly addictive and carcinogenic.Okay first of all, *everything* is a chemical--not just the 'additives'. Yes, chemicals are added to cigarettes, but cigarettes already contain chemicals, because everything is a chemical, and there are an awful lot of them in tobacco, aside from nicotine. Cigarette additives aren't good for you, but tobacco naturally produces a myriad of chemicals and radioactive isotopes that cause cancer when burned and inhaled. So no, smoking American Spirits won't really lower your chances of lung cancer.
Why do clothes get darker when they're wet?
Your clothes are made out of irregular surfaces, such as tiny fibres. They scatter light easily. Some of the fibres are also translucent, and thus retro-reflect white light. The combination of these factors can make your clothes appear brighter. When your clothes get wet, the water surrounding the fibres acts as optical medium, which reduces the scattering of the reflected light. The material colour will be appear more uniform as a result. You can see the same effect when you spill water on dry concrete.
How are scratch cards made?
Do you mean like lottery scratch-off cards? The technique is pretty simple. The card is printed and covered with a wax coating. Then a thin layer of latex rubber paint is applied over the scratchable areas. The latex sticks to the wax, but comes off with a fingernail.
Why can't an electric car charge itself while driving?
You can't generate more power than you put into the system. If you take power from the wheels to charge the battery, then you are increasing the resistance in the wheels, you can't simply "borrow power" without impacting them. This means you slow them. This means you need to apply more power to make the same trip. During all of these transfers some energy is lost as heat. Electric cars *do* take advantage of some of this energy, such as when you are braking, when the energy is going to be lost anyway. But it is always a losing battle, never a break-even.Because that would violate fundamental laws of physics. You can't get something for nothing, and there is always loss in any system. The front wheels use energy to move the car forward, and some of that energy is lost. The rear wheels use the car's momentum energy to create electricity, and some of the energy is lost. Those losses add up, and the car comes to a stop.
How do music recognition apps like Shazam work?
The ELI5 answer is that it listens for patterns in volume changes, and then checks those against the volume change patterns in its database of songs. This is why it still works when there's background noise and such. ", 'From [Gizmodo]: > Here are the basic steps: > > > 1. Beforehand, Shazam fingerprints a comprehensive catalog of music, and stores the fingerprints in a database. > > > 2. A user "tags" a song they hear, which fingerprints a 10 second sample of audio. > > > 3. The Shazam app uploads the fingerprint to Shazam's service, which runs a search for a matching fingerprint in their database. > > > 4. If a match is found, the song info is returned to the user, otherwise an error is returned. And if you really want to learn more then [here] is a paper from Shazam with a lot more informationListen to the music, compare against a database of known music. Same way a human would really, except computers can scan through recordings in minute fractions of a second. Computers are also better and quantifying the music. They can measure decibel drops and other crap far more accurately than a human ever could so they can just record a few metrics and ask the database to find music matching the pattern.Here's something that will blow your mind, Google Now can tell what TV show you are watching by sound alone.
What is an allegory?
It's a story that has a hidden meaning and symbolism that applies to something that happens in the real world. George Orwell's Animal Farm is about a bunch of abused farm animals who revolt and take over the farm from the humans, and try to run it in a fair way for all animals' benefit. But the administrators end up using it to exploit the animals for their own benefit and suppressing the other animals, while superficially saying that the animals are now free and happy. In that case, considering that it was written in the mid 20th century, Animal Farm is an allegory that shows the type of abusive dictatorial government that the Soviet Union was under Stalin. The abused farm animals are the common people/workers. The humans were landowners/capitalists/tsar/pro-monarch powers. The pigs were the Communist Party, promising a utopia to the animals.
Why, even if I'm dehydrated (not dangerously so), do I still pee a ton when drinking water? Doesn't my body need that?
Part of the reason you need water is to rinse your filters so that stuff doesn't build up in your system. Once that's done, your body will fill up the blood supply.are you aware of that milk and soda are basically water with some fat and/or sugar in it?', "The body is constantly undergoing multiple metabolic reactions, which produces metabolic wastes These wastes can't be stored in the body for a long time and have to be excreted periodically. Some of it can be converted to CO2 and it excreted via lungs, but most of them are water soluble and have to be excreted through kidneys in the form of urine. So basically the kidney's concentrate the urine, ie: excreting large no. of wastes dissolved in a small part of water. Hence, these adaptive changes help your body to conserve water to some extent.Your body is getting rid of salt through urination. It may sound counter-intuitive, but salts follow water and the kidneys attempt to concentrate salts in your urine. The body is not very efficient, so it loses a good amount of water in the process. Some desert animals are capable of urinating salt crystals to conserve water. Important to note that without this mechanism, you could develop hypernatremia: muscle spasms and seizures', "It's also getting rid of the toxins in your body from the soda which can cause further dehydration. Your body is better off without that pee because I s just making everything worse.you pee out toxins and overflow of fluid, re-using something the body set of to be garbage is not something the body can do yet.
What happens to your sense of smell after being hit in the nose?
Blood smells metallic to a lot of people. Depending on how hard you've been booped, you'll get a metallic smell, if not a coppery taste too, particularly if you've had a particularly deep conversation with someone else's knuckles. Also being schmacked in the schnozz can loosen up the crusties up in your air hole, releasing odors that might have been trapped in there. So if you were working in a metal-shop where someone was welding and got some ozone or smoke trapped into your snot, getting popped in your proboscis can cause the release of some of those agents later on. An alternate explanation could be 'you're just weird' as I've not heard of anyone else experiencing this, but then again it's not like I've gone around and asked people.
Why have we gotten rid of the $500 bill?
To make smuggling cash 5 times harder. It takes a bigger box to export ill-gotten drug gains, which makes it easier for law enforcement to catch evildoers. In 1969 the US government purged all the big bills, $500, $1000, $5000, and $10,000 to fight fraud, drugs, and money launderingWhen the decision to kill the $500 was made way back then, the bill rarely had a use in everyday financial transactions . It was difficult to use those large bills, as nobody except large merchants and banks could break them. These days, the risks of counterfeiting, possibility of usage in crime, and the prevalence of electronic transactions for large-dollar amounts does not justify the re-creation of large bills1) Very few people had reason to ever use them. 2) Most places could not accept them. 3) Getting rid of it helps to make smuggling harder, and also makes counter-fitting harder.cash has fallen out of favor, particularly for high dollar transactions. Even now, $100 bills are persona non gratis at most business's. Accepted with a grudge and a careful inspection. Meanwhile, large bills are ripe for counterfeiting and illicit transactions.
Why is livelihood more expensive in Italy and Spain than in Germany although they have a weaker economy?
You can't just look at a "strong" or "weak" value system for rating an economy. What might be more useful is looking at the idea of "uncompetitive" or "inefficient" economies. These sorts of economies could both be weak overall, and have higher consumer prices. An economy that is competitive and efficient, could have lower consumer prices yet be strong overall.If you're talking about housing costs, Germany has a very regulated housing market based on rental while Italy and Spain have some of the highest homeownership rates on earth as well as significantly higher percentages of second homes and international tourist attractions than old Deutschland. If there was a German Riviera it'd be pricey too.
How do they create the lines/arrows on football fields for live NFL games?
Well, obviously you already know how you can overlay graphics on top of a still image. Creating an arrow or label on top of a photo isn't so hard, from that perspective. It's the movement and real-time camera sync that's hard. So how do you do it when the image moves and changes constantly? Well, the cameras positions are very exactly monitored, and every tilt, pan, and zoom is tracked. That information is fed into the graphics computer, and the graphics are altered slightly on every frame to match the movement of the camera. If the camera pans left, the graphics are moved accordingly. If the camera zooms in, the graphics are zoomed in accordingly. Even the smallest movements of the camera are adjusted for. With the proper matching and sychronizing, it looks like the graphics are stuck on the field just like everything thing else out there in the real world.
Why is it that the amount of inertia and the strength of gravity are both based on mass?
You have stumbled upon one of the great mystery in physics! There is no known reason why all object with inertia interacts with gravity at the same proportion! Yet all observations demonstrate thisThings with mass inherently have inertia, and that inertia scales directly with changes in mass. Similarly, things with mass bend spacetime in such a way that a gravitational field is produced, and the degree of that bending in spacetime, and the strength of the resulting field, also scale with changes in mass. There isn't really a "why;" that's just how they are.
What happens to Debt and other stuff you owe to people when you die?
It generally gets taken out of your estate, if there isn't enough in your estate then the rest will get written off. A family member may only have to keep paying off the debt if they're still mortgage left on the house that's been left to them and they decide to keep it.
What is the piece of equipment that's always suspended from the crane at an inactive construction site (ie, during nighttime)? Why does it have to be suspended?
Thinking this might be a portable generator or welding unit. Usually moved from a tow hitch, would be pretty easy to drive up pop the lock and drive off with it.They suspend anything they think may be stolen. Ladders, generators, small vehicles or other equipment that they not only don't want to transport to the jobsite every day, but also don't want to worry about it being stolen overnight.
Why does the Panama Canal has different gates? What would happen if they just let the water flow?
The Panama canal is not flat. A large section of the canal is an artificial lake that is about 85 ft above sea level. If you were to remove the gates , the water would flood out of the lake and into the oceansThe pacific ocean is at a different height than the atlantic. If they just let the water flow then the Canal could only be used one direction.
How did basic medicine come about?
People died. Before antibiotics, you got an infection and died. In ancient Greece, if you stepped on a sharp rock, it got infected and you died. In the Civil War, you got your limb amputated, then almost certainly got an infection and died. Without modern antibiotics, everything was fatal.
How does the GPA system in US schools work?
Some schools do it differently, but most are on a 4.0 scale . In your classes, you get a letter grade: A, B, C, D, & F, those grades equal a GPA number. Now, many high schools, like mine, did away with the +/- system. The GPA:Letter Grade goes like this : A/A+: 4.0 A-: 3.67 B+: 3.33 B:3.0 B-:2.67 C+:2.33 C: 2.0 C-: 1.67 D+: 1.33 D: 1.0 D-:0.67 F:0.0 Now, if you have an Honors course, that's an extra 0.5 for the course, if you have an AP course, that's an extra 1.0. If you have A's in 4 regular classes , 1 A in Honors and 1 A in AP , that is this 25.5 points/6 courses = 4.25 GPA. In college, courses have different weights, Calc I is usually a 4-credit course and Chem I is usually a 3-credit course, so the math is worth 1/3 more, and you have to add those up. So a B in Calc is the same ~~GPA~~ points as an A in Chem .
why are people trying to ban e-cigs?
Well, tobacco companies don't want people thinking e-cigs are healthier because it'll cut in to their profits. . If everyone is using e-cigs; then no one will want to buy regular cigarettes. They're just trying to protect thier profits. As far as other people; a lot of it is ignorance. They cannot grasp how what you're exhaling is just simple water vapor; the same thing you exhale when you go out on a cold day. They see something that resembles a cigarette, and labels it as such. TL;DR, people are stupid, ignore facts, and go with what they're told/u/dewdude make some good points but one additional thing is that e-cigs are not regulated the same way as other products like tobacco are. Currently they can make a lot of crazy health claims and put a lot of chemicals into it. So a lot of it isn't an outright ban but people want them regulated: "Since there are no federal regulations yet against the use and marketing of e-cigarettes, companies have been able to advertise them in ways that general tobacco products haven’t had for decades. “The marketing that you're seeing in these cigarettes now, it's the wild west," Stanton Glantz, director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California, San Francisco, told NPR. "They're using celebrities, movies, television—it's just like getting into a time machine.
How can transgendered people have cisgendered identical twins?
When a baby grows inside its mother, it grows according to a recipe . Depending on how well the recipe is followed, and under what conditions, the results can be everything from the same every time to completely different every time. Twins have the same DNA, but because they get different treatment in the womb they turn out differently. Sometimes only a little, sometimes a lot. We don't really know a lot of the time how or when that happens, just that it does happen. Being transgendered is because the *gender identity* of the baby doesn't match the physical gender of the baby. We don't know much about how gender identity is formed, but we do know that it is likely to be formed in the womb as the baby grows. ---nb. Being transgendered isn't a flaw, it's a *variation*. The recipe turned out differently, but it's still good.[These girls are monozygotic twins, but only one is a dwarf]. They're as genetically identical as two humans can be, but their size difference started so early in gestation their mom was 6 months into the pregnancy before the doctors realized she was having twins. There's more to fetal development than genetics.
Is Adblocker legal? And if so, how?
It's not illegal. They still sent me all the data they intended to - ads included - I just had a script remove advertisements out of that data. It's much the same as throwing your junk mail out without looking at it.
- Subatomic Physics and String Theory
> "The theory of quantum electrodynamics describes Nature as absurd from the point of view of common sense. And it agrees fully with experiment. So I hope you accept Nature as She is — absurd." -Richard Feynman', "We're not *sure*, no. But nobody's presented a more elegant theory that's consistent with observation, so why assume that one exists? Maybe nature is just complicated.
I weighed 169.8 lbs before I went to bed. I weighed 168.6 lbs when I woke up. Where did the 1.2 lbs go?
Your metabolism converts sugars + oxygen into carbon dioxide + water + energy. You then breathe out the CO*_2_*, along with some of the H*_2_*O in the form of water vapor, while you sleepMost of it is probably due to breathing. You lose a surprisingly large amount of water vapour through that route over 7-8 hours.
How would a lemon battery behave/perform if it remained attached to its tree?
The lemon doesn't actually provide the power, rather, it provides an electrolyte for ions to travel through. The power, or rather, the voltage, is determined by the electronegativity of the cathode and anode metals stuck into the lemon - the "power" by how much metal there is available to react with. Therefore, such a battery would be largely unnaffected by being left on the tree,', "The energy does not come from the lemon, it comes from chemical changes happening in the electrodes. All the lemon does is provide a suitable environment for those changes to happen. So no, that wouldn't help - you'd need a zinc tree.
In regards to hills and valleys, what determines whether a roadway will be a tunnel, a cutout, a bridge, or just go with the curve of the land?
Civil Engineer here. The biggest factor in determining a tunnel, a cutout, a bridge or following the natural curve of the land has to do with .Geometrics. Roadway geometrics deals with how a road can handle a vehicle as it speeds along pavement. Ever notice how it feels like you are being shoved to the right or left side of a car as you round a curve while going fast? If the intent of the roadway is to carry traffic at high speeds , you can't have any tight turns; otherwise vehicles will fly off the road - literally. This is the reason why racetracks have high angled banking turns. With that in mind, if engineers want to maintain traffic speeds, they have to maintain gradual grades over hills, through valleys and around turns to accommodate high speed vehicle flow. This also holds true for the super fast trains that speed around central Europe and Japan. Secondly, after geometrics, is money. As stated earlier - cost is a huge factor when determining whether to dig out a cut section in a hill or just bore right through it with a tunnel. Sometimes it is easier to lop a cut in a hill with some explosives and bulldozers versus the specialized equipment and personnel needed to bore through thick rock for tunnels. Bridges are usually resorted to when a stream can't be filled or a valley must be crossed high above the ground below. The engineering economics associated with these projects are a new topic entirely!
What is being done in the world of science to offset the imposing "antibiotic apocalypse?"
[Here is an article you may want to read] I'll post a little of the article so my comment doesn't get deleted. Scientists have come across a potential game-changer in the fight against drug-resistant superbugs - a new class of antibiotic that is resistant to resistance. Not only does the new compound - which comes from soil bacteria - kill deadly superbugs like MRSA, but also - because of the way it destroys their cell wall - the pathogens will find it very difficult to mutate into resistant strains
How do "Reality Shows" like Pawn Stars and Duck Dynasty work?
Never seen Duck Dynasty, but Pawn Stars is definitely scripted. They close the pawn shop, and producers find people with cool things. Those people bring their things into the shop, and they talk about them on camera. Sometimes they're really purchased, sometimes they're not. It's 99% scripted and planned out. You can see it whenever they're talking to each other with no customers present -- it feels extremely forced and is in no way how two or more people actually talk to each other about random things. I suspect Storage Wars is also scripted. There are people out there who buy storage lockers, but I suspect the ones you see on Storage Wars are scripted and planted by the producers.
Why is the CIA allowed to black out parts of declassified documents?
The easiest, non-conspiracy way to explain it is simply that the act of removing the information is what allows the documents to become declassified. For example, in the sentence: "Mr. Ahmed Jones informed us of the super secret password to the al-qaeda clubhouse: pepperoni." The sentence could be "declassified" by removing sources and methods: "Mr. [redacted] informed us of the super-secret password to the [redacted]: [redacted]." When you remove the sensitive information, there's nothing left to warrant the classification, so it can be downgraded.I imagine that part of the reason may be references to other documents/people/places/things which are still classified. More importantly, if you look for example at ~~ < REDACTED > ~~ you'll see that ~~ < REDACTED > ~~ and ~~ < REDACTED > ~~ were both ~~ < REDACTED > ~~ during the events of ~~ < REDACTED > ~~. Makes sense?
Why is my car built to go faster than I can ever legally drive it?
Because a car being pushed to the absolute limits is going to break a hell of a lot faster then one cruising along serenely and well within tolerances.If I build a bar that can support 10 pounds, if you ever go to 11 pounds, or even if you keep 10 pounds on it for too long, that bar's going to bend. If I build a bar that can hold 20 pounds, that bar can hold 10 pounds and probably never have an issue. Same goes with cars. If we built an engine that only went to 65, then it would be damaged if you ever pushed 70, or it would wear and tear at 65. There are other reasons as well, acceleration, torque, etc. But this is a big one.
Why Amazon doesn't care if my friend sends a stone in return instead of actual product? Wouldn't this cost financial loss from their side?
Amazon can drop his account. Or Amazon can sue him for fraud. Of, if your friend is returning it through the USPS, that's a federal offense and he can land in the pokey.If he use a single account/adress, amazon probably write it up until there is enough cases to go after a single individualAmazon has a LOT of money. It would probably cost more to have someone go after your friend than to just accept the lossAmazon uses the tracking number to issue a refund. Once the tracking number shows that the item is on its way, they do a refund BUT can recall the refund once the inspect and process the return. They will eventually recall the refunds. You agree to thus when clicking through the refund process. His card is going to get chargedAmazon will automatically terminate accounts when they hit a return to purchase ratio threshold dependant on account history. So they are not going to take it forever it could be a few weeks or months but the account will be terminated and he will be banned from amazon.
Is it true that honey never goes bad?
Honey has so much sugar that osmosis would dehydrate and kill any bacterial cell that found it's way into the jar. It also has direct antibacterial properties - _URL_0_", 'I have a jar of bad honey in my house at this very moment. It went bad by fermenting, it would seem, because it smells a little bit like rotten fruit.
How is RAM different from SSD/HDD hard drives?
> The responses got me wondering on how SSD/HDD hard drives are different from RAM. RAM uses a different technology from a HDD, more similar to an SSD but still very different in operation. The main difference to the end user is that access both reading and writing to RAM is *extremely fast* in comparison to either SSD or HDD. A HDD might have a read/write speed of 80-160 megabytes per second. A SSD might have a read/write speed of 200 megabytes per second. Some DDR3 RAM might have read/write speeds of 6000-17000 megabytes per second. In short, RAM is tens of times faster than any SSD or HDD. > From what I understand, RAM is temporary memory used to open up applications and then deleted after the application is closed, as the memory is no longer needed. SSD/HDD's on the other hand are used to boot up os's, files, and other major tasks? RAM is for fast access for use *right now* when the computer is operating. It does not and cannot store data when the computer is not powered. Running programs store data they are currently working with in RAM. SSD/HDDs are for longer term storage and can hold data even when the computer does not have power. They are slower to access so computers will copy data from them into RAM, work with it, then write things back to the SSD/HDD when they are finished.
Does running a shaving razor across a pair of jeans in the opposite direction actually sharpen it? If so, how does it work?
For the edge of knife, imagine a saw with little teeth of metal, but they're not all sticking out in the same direction. Rubbing it the right way gradually nudges them all to point along the same line of cutting. "Real" sharpening would be grinding the sides of the saw to make the whole thing thinner.That's a good way to destroy denim. If you want to do that, use some leather. This does not sharpen the blade by the way, it hones it, flattening and straightening the edge of the blade. It's not sharpening, it's more like refreshing the blade.
Why aren't more bullets pointed instead of rounded?
Virtually all rifle rounds are pointed. This is for high-velocity aerodynamics. The only type of bullets that are typically round are handgun bullets, which are generally not as fast as rifle rounds, aren't feasibly accurate to nearly the same ranges, and depend more on squashing and deforming in order to wound the target. A round nosed bullet also allows the projectile to be heavier, and thus carry more energy for similar velocity.
how do people know when to put the expiry date on their products?
They perform [stability studies] to see how temperature, humidity, UV, impacts, abrasions, and other environmental effects degrade their product, and they establish an expiration date based on that. In certain cases there are government regulations that tell them that their expiration dates cannot be longer than the shortest result from their stability studies. For food or drugs that spoil due to bacteria / non-sterility, they also have to perform container and closure studies, to see how long the container can prevent the bacteria from the air or environment from getting inside and contaminating the food or drug. In this case, the container's expiration date may be much shorter than the product's expiration date. The FDA, ISO, and other government agencies "regulate" foods and drugs and other such products. "Regulation" means that all the stability studies must be performed before the company can even begin to sell the product, and the FDA must look at the test reports and give permission to sell clearance] document must be obtained from the FDA before manufacturing and sales can start). So that's how dates are determined. Companies perform studies where they expose the product or container to various extreme conditions and measure the effect / degradation, then figure out a "safe" expiration termFood is dated by regulation rather than anything real. The actual expiration is dependent on temperature, vacuum, sunlight and material in question. Literally hundreds of factors contribute to decay or fermentation.
Why do some cheeses taste different depending on how it is served
Pretty much all complex food tastes different in different conditions. Since much of our 'taste' is actually smell, I suspect that a huge amount of it depends on the proportion and composition of the volatile components. Another thing is texture - mouthfeel affects our perception of flavour a fair bit. Finally, there's the possibility that some of the flavour compounds are slowly oxidized - so that means that whatever creates a flavour will be more prevalent in shredded cheese or the block .You taste via smell too, more surface area, more smells being emitted.
Why does a computer only last at most 4 or 5 years? Why can't a computer last forever?
Computers can last as long as you want them to provided you take care of them. The issue is that computers become obsolete very quickly. Technology advances at a significant pace and computers are built to take advantage of these advancesA PC could last for longer than they generally do, but as I noted in my response to /u/limbodog, there are economic incentives for manufacturers to not make them more robust. Customers tend to pick PCs based on things like price and performance . It is hard for customers to gauge things like reliability, so it tends not to be the prime factor in making a buying decision. PC makers want to keep warranty returns within an acceptable range without incurring a lot of extra engineering and manufacturing expense. And they want to emphasize the things that will get consumers to buy their machine. So as a result, they spend just enough on engineering to make it likely that the PC will last long enough. It's a business decision. This also has historically worked out for the industry because the ever increasing processing power of microelectronics has meant that after a few years, a PC is considered "old" and "slow". Microsoft has helped this by continually bloating Windows with patches to help slow machines down over time. So consumers have gotten used to the idea that they "need" to buy a new computer every few yearsWho says they last 4-5 years? If you take care of your gear like anything it will last long, how relevant it will be running new software, that's an entirely different ball game. As CPUs/GPU's/Memory/HDD's get faster and more powerful, software developers aren't as restricted by hardware bottlenecks, so yes a 4-5 year old machine will work really nice, especially if you throw in an SSD, but running new software and games would generally suck because of the hardware restriction: and then i just swapped out video cards over the years. Also depends on what you buy. If you get a high end Dell like Alienware or XPS they should be upgradable for some time, if you buy a MAC however upgrading is pretty much a moot point
how does police jurisdiction work?
Police generally cannot enter another jurisdiction with approval from that jurisdiction and perform any police actions. This means that if you stab someone in New York City and flee to Miami, New York Police can't just chase you down the East Coast and arrest you. They can put out a warrant for your arrest that the Miami Police can arrest you under, or they can get approval from the Miami Police to go there and arrest you. But jurisdiction rarely plays a role in something like that because in an active pursuit police can chase you almost anywhere within the country. Jurisdiction plays a bigger role in investigations. As to whether it's a case for the Gang Detectives, or Drug Detectives, or Homicide, or whether it's a local case vs a state vs a federal case, whether it's ATF or the FBI that take the reins.
Reddit's obsession with John Cena
The majority of the internet has an obsession with John Cena. All of it spawned when a radio show did a prank call or "phone scam" telling the person being pranked that they could see the WWE Superslam and watch John Cena wrestle. There's a video from where it all started, just by looking up "John Cena Prank Call" on YouTube.
How do engineers decide what the speed limit should be on any given road/street?
State route speed limits are set by lawmakers, not engineers. Engineers however do set the speed limits for ramps and transition roadways, curvy bits where G forces matter more than speed. When traveling through a curve there's a max G force your vehicle is allowed to take before it becomes unsafe; this is why posted speed limits are often WAY lower than what's possible through a curve. Straight roadways and neighborhoods are a lot easier because there's already a standard. Neighborhoods and school zones are almost always 25, surface streets and boulevards are usually 35 or 40, and highways vary from 65 to 80 depending on the area; all of which are set by lawmakers for the state.
how can a woman sue a company for Toxic Shock Syndrome if the warnings are placed on the box as a warning?
You can't just put a warning label on a box and make yourself immune from a lawsuit. Like, Chevy couldn't design cars that explode randomly and it be fine because they put a sticker on the cars. Hormel can't sell poisonous cans of Spam and have it be fine if they put some words on the can. Walmart can't stock and sell TVs that spontaneously catch on fire and have it be OK if they included a warning. Starbucks can't run a "one in 10,000 cups of coffee has arsenic" special just because they announce it. Likewise, Kotex can't sell a product that causes people to lose limbs and rely on the > Meh; fuck it; we printed some words on the box theory. I have no idea if Kotex actually did anything wrong, or what the correction should be, or whatever. But if you're selling shitty products that injure people then you can't entirely absolve yourself of responsibility by printing some words on the label of your shitty dangerous product.Just having a warning doesn't leave someone immune to suit. If they were negligent in such a way that the warning was ineffective, then the warning won't save them from the lawsuit. This could happen if the company's negligence was particularly severe or if the warning itself is defective in some way.
How nuclear weapons could have been dropped and tested in Nevada, without the nuclear fallout or radiation harming civilian populations in the surrounding communities.
they tested them in super remote areas, and before long, they stopped testing them above ground or under water , they would detonate them underground, so the radiation would be contained. there is a low level of radiation across the globe that didnt exist before nuclear testing. generally inconsequential for humans, but still measurable.
This reddit vault thing?!
Originally a redditors Dad bought an old casino , they found a safe behind a secret wall. He posted to Reddit saying he'd film and take pictures when they opened it and share what was inside. Everyone got excited, tried guessing what was in the safe - why was it behind a wall? etc. Story took off and Oprah bought the rights to opening the safe and showing what is in it. The safe was opened and information has not been leaked - assuming if it was they would be breaking a contract. There will be a TV show aired about what is in the safe. The safe was opened Sept 2011. Massive anti-climax - people got bored and lost interest. A few days ago a redditor's friend moved into a new place, which was apparently a previous 'drug house' and found a locked safe. I'm on my phone else I'd provide links, but most threads mentioning the safe with over a few hundred comments will have a link to an original thread.
What is a four wheel drive and how is it different to normal cars?
Most cars are two wheel drive, which means that power from the engine only goes to two of the wheels, either front or back. Four wheel drive means power goes to all four wheels. Think of a car that is suspended above the ground, and when you push the gas, only the powered wheels will spin. * Front wheel drive: only the front wheels spin, and can spin different speeds* Rear wheel drive: only the rear wheels spin, and can spin different speeds* Four wheel drive: all four wheels spin, at the exact same speed* All wheel drive: all four wheels spin, but can spin at different speeds', "All of the above. However most cars you buy are not 2WD. They're 1 wheel drive with two wheels on same axle and a open differential. If one wheel slips, the other wheel does not move. Some 2WD cars, mostly sports cars, have a limited slip differential, that if 1 wheel slips, both wheels will be locked together, providing you true 2WD", 'A four wheel drive vehicle has a transfer case that sends power to both the front and rear axle, where a regular car only has a single drive axle.
What are things an average person can do to help fight the global warming?
When you buy appliances, buy energy star. Use less heat and air conditioning. Bike more, drive less. Put solar panels on your house . If you get a car, get a hybrid or electric one. Turn down your water heater. Check whether your electric utility offers the option of buying wind or solar power. Insulate your home .Be efficient, overall, don't waste gas-especially, or really any kind of fuel. Live in a smaller home, but invest in its energy efficiency. *i.e.*, better insulation; passive-solar design; as well as the most popular & cost-effective alternatives to coal & diesel fuel, like responsible, sustainable sourcing of wood, for a well maintained wood-stove.
Why does rushing water appear white instead of clear?
It's for the same reason that Egg whites are clear until they're beaten, when they become white - it's the addition of air very rapidly being incorporated into the egg whites. Water moving at speed traps air in much the same way as air gets beaten into eggs, causing the water to froth and appear white.
What benefits has space exploration brought to humans?
Memory foam mattresses. Many technologies developed for space exploration have since made it into our daily livesYour typing on it, dude . No lunar program, no pc revolution, no internet. The rest is gravy._URL_0_ I'll let the boys at NASA take this.
How is there a slow lane and a fast lane on the highway if the speed limit never changes?
Legally, in theory the idea is that not everyone is going to go *exactly* the speed limit. It's the limit-- you can't go over it, but you can go varying degrees under it. So some people will go 65, some will go 60, and the people going 65 need to pass the ones going 60 to avoid congestion. Practically, everyone understands not everyone's really going to abide by the speed limit and it'll clear traffic to let the people going 75 have a lane to pass. This also helps alleviate aggressive drivers who want to go 75 tailgating those who want to obey the speed limit.
How every new movie that comes out can say they are the "Number one" Movie in America
Because of Statistics! Depending on how you want to spin the numbers, or what cohort you're looking for, then you can manipulate the numbers to say anything you want. Are they the "Number One Movie" based on total tickets sold, or tickets solded based on an age demographic, or base on a timeframe, or based on amount of money divided by the number of theaters the movie was release, etc. Numbers can be spun to a narrative. And, if you look hard enough, you can find your number one status"Number one movie" only means there's some list somewhere that has this movie at the top. It could be the official List Of Movies Starring Shia LeBeouff That Are Currently Playing in Theaters as reported by the Shia LeBeouff Fanclub of Northern Idaho. That's assuming you go through the trouble of having an actual list in the first place, who's going to check up on something like this? It's the same kind of marketing speak as "award winning", the only requirement is that *someone somewhere* gave you an award, even if it was your own mother.Isn't this basically the same concept as the number one most fuel efficient, longest lasting, most cab room, most horse power, and torque pickup in America speech?
Why do people consider Police to be the problem when camera statistics would seem to point to citizens causing most of the problems?
It could go either way. It could mean that police are less likely to engage in misconduct because everything they do is being monitored. Without the cameras, the police are more likely to be supported because they are seen as doing their job. There are also times when the police initiate the misconduct by intentionally provoking people.Not when cops shoot black teens and it's MAGICALLY never caught on video then it's everyone's game.
why a show like The Flash looks much better on Netflix than it does watching it live on CW with Comcast/Xfinity?
Cable streams are highly compressed and a lot of the quality is lost. When you are streaming from Netflix you are getting a better video feed.
What's the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist? Living in the UK, how does one become either of these?
A psychiatrist has gone through medical school and can prescribe drugs. A psychologist has not gone through medical school, and can not prescribe controlled drugs.In the US, a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who prescribes medication and treats mental illness. A psychologist is not an MD, can't prescribe medication, and acts as a counselor.
Why do ants die when soap is sprayed on them?
I am not an entomologist, but I will give it a shot. Ants are insects and "breath" through little holes in their thorax. When they are in rain, it has a high surface tension, so the ant is able to "separate" from the water by pushing off the surface of the water droplet . Once you put some soap in there, the surface tension almost vanishes, making it inescapable for the ant and allow easier flow of the water. I imagine that at scale, it would be the equivalent of a human in a pool of play dough verses a pool of water. You slip and slide under the water , but can push away from the play dough. Maybe an actual insect person can chime in and clarify ', "Related mildly interesting anecdote: I had to get rid of a wasp next recently that was very close to my beehives . The nest was built into an earth bank, all that was visible was a hole about an inch diameter. After reading something on reddit about soap, I mixed up a watering can with dishwashing liquid, put on my bee suit, and poured the whole lot into the wasp nest. Result: it does get rid of them. But it doesn't do it instantly, as the flying ones who are out at the time return to the nest and continue to guard it. But the egg-laying queens are dead, so the nest is gone in a few days.
Why do people without a chance of winning, like Donald Trump, run for US President?
Dat publicity. Running for president gets your name out there and gets people buying your product, reading your books, and remembering your brand.It's pretty much just an act of self promotion. It gets his name out there, and gives him a platform to publicly talk about his political views. His end goal could be monetary or political.
Why couldn't Iran's $400M that was returned be sent by bank transfer?
The simple answer to your question is that sending a wire transfer would require the countries involved to have a banking relationship, which the US and Iran do not. The Guantanamo checks are sent as a legal formality and have not been cashed by the Cuban government in over fifty years. The checks themselves are addressed to an official whose position has not existed since the revolution. Financial ties are now opening up, but the lack of banking relationship in the intervening years means they would have run into the same type of problem had they tried to cash one of themWell, good sir. If you kept reading the article you would find the following text "The $400 million payment, delivered in foreign cash because US law prevents the government from giving Iran dollars, was the first installment toward the $1.7 billion total. Getting together large amounts of foreign cash is hard, apparently —\xa0hence the installment plan."Now, I can't help if you want an ELI5 on legal stuff.
why does streaming something take less bandwidth/data than downloading that same thing?
It doesn't assuming you really are getting the same thing. YouTube and many other video players can reduce quality on the video before transmission, and some may use more compact encoding than some video files, but really streaming is just downloading something in such a way that something can start playing it before it's done the download.
How do copper iuds work?
It's my understanding that they change the ph of the environment making it hostile to sperm and equally unlikely that if a super sperm was able to fertilize, the embryo would be unable to implant and grow due to the changed environment.
seriously, why in movies are the voices so quiet and the sound effects so loud?
most movies are meant to be played on a 5.1 or 7.1 surround system with a center channel speaker reserved for voice. Most of the voice is channled through that speaker. So if you listen to it with a set of 2 speakers or somtimes headpones the balance is off because all the voice is not seperatedI believe the movie question has been answered here. But the recap of it was this: At a movie theater, there actually isn't any problem, because the sound system is so good. The voices are loud enough to hear, but when an explosion or something loud happens, it actually is loud. Movies are all about emotion and peaks and valleys, and that comes off even in things like the loudness of different scenes. However, when you put that on a DVD and watch on your home system, the effect is that it seems like either the voices are too soft, or the explosions are too loud. If you want to watch a movie on your computer, Google "Dynamic Compression." Dynamic range is the difference between the loudest and the softest thing. Dynamic compression makes that range smaller, so if you have software for your computer that does that, movies don't always have to be so loud/soft.Here's a tip if you want to watch a movie quietly: **turn down the bass**. Most people have bass levels turned up because they've been listening to music. This does three things: 1. Low frequency sounds penetrate walls easier, so minimizing them means you can turn up the volume and anyone can still sleep in the next room.2. Vocal tones are easier to hear without a lot of bass3. Explosions are quieter without a lot of bass Next time you want to watch a movie with someone sleeping in the next room, try it for yourself. Turn the bass to low and set the volume to a comfortable level.
How long would it take to use 1 GB of data on a cell plan?
That depends on what you view on Reddit. If you end up loading threads with a lot of images/videos that you view/watch, it's going to consume more data than just reading text. Also the frequency of how often you navigate to other pages/threads will affect data usage as well .
Can V8 engines rev higher than V10/V12s? Or is it the other way around?
Decreasing the mass [displacement] of each cylinder allows the crankshaft to move with less inertia. As a general rule, "muscle cars" tend to have high displacement engines which involves bigger and heavier pistons/rods. This reciprocal mass/weight creates more resistance; you also note that compression ratios are lowered to compensate. More cylinders of lower displacement ease the rotational forces and can be easier to harmonically balance and work well with turbo charging and thus allow for higher RPMsWhat seems to be more important than raw cylinder count is the geometry of the engine: one with a longer stroke will have a lower maximum speed than one with a short stroke. Here comes into play the mean piston speed: _URL_0_ You'll see that despite the fact that a Formula 1 engine turns orders of magnitude faster than a marine diesel power plant, the mean piston speed is "only" three times higherFurther to earlier answers the stroke also has a big effect on the ability to rev. Typically high revving engines have a short stroke, the outgoing V8 F1 engines typically have a stroke of around 40mm, compare that with the 81mm of the Ferrari 458.
What makes one photo better than another?
I think this is a very subjective question. What one person may think is an incredible photo others may deem mediocre. It is all in the eye of the beholder.
How does COPS choose individual officers to film with. It seems like they always have the most interesting situations to deal with.
I'd be willing to bet they follow a lot of officers around and just cherry pick the best incidences to show on tv
Anonymous sources the News Agencies always quote, High Level officer inside who gives info. Who are these guys? Are they paid by the News agencies? Isn't illegal to leak info?
It's only illegal to leak *classified* information. It's rarely classified information being leaked. Often, these "leaks" are from the agency itself, when it wants to get information out there but not be tied to it. For example, someone might give a quote to a reporter and tell them that they can't use his name, but can identify him as "a senior administration official" or "sources close to the negotiations" or "well placed sources in the investigation".It depends on the story. If a high level programmer at Blizzard leaks expansion info, they probably haven't broken any laws. If a cabinet level government minister leaks classified information they could be guilty of treason, depending on what it is. Most democratic countries have whistleblower protections that allow news sources to remain anonymous, except in the aforementioned treason cases and things like espionage. Reputable news agencies go to great lengths to protect their sources when they can, but if you pull an Edward Snowden you're probably going to get found out.
Can someone explain the difference between communism and socialism?
Communism is essentially a subset of Socialism, which originated mostly from Marx's "Communist Manifesto". Socialism is the idea that the government should have a stake in the economy, in people's welfare and livelihood, etc. Communism takes it a step farther to attempt to create a classless society based on collective utilitarianism. This involves rationing supplies according to need, and the abolishment of private property. None of those are necessarily part of socialism. One could call many European nations "socialist" because of the extend of their welfare system, free education, and free healthcare. However, to my knowledge a true "Marxist" state has never existed. Stalinist Communism was a perversion, which became totalitarian and surprisingly similar to Fascism. So TLDR: Communism is a smaller, more extreme subset of a policy philosophy that is socialism.
What does does the polarity refer to in a molecule?
Basically a molecule consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge. The electrons have some freedom in where they go. At any given moment, the electrons can be more on one side of the molecule than the other. This can be due either to random chance, or because there is an especially electronegative nucleus at one end.As a result, the protons and neutrons at the end with fewer electrons will not be fully balanced out and that end will develop a slightly positive charge. On the other hand, the end with all the electrons will develop a slightly negative charge. The polarity effectively is the measure of the extent to which this occurs. In cases where the molecule is well-balanced based on its electronegativity, there may be a small polarity because by random chance, more than 50% of the electrons end up on one side . Then this causes a slight imbalance in charge and the molecule next door can perceive this change and its electrons will be slightly attracted to the positive side of the first molecule. The electrons of the neighbor on the other side are repelled by the negative charge. As a result, these molecules are weakly attracted to each other and can remain in liquid or solid form at low temperatures. One good example would be butane or propane. It doesn't take much to break these forces. On the other hand, if you have one end of the molecule with a very electronegative nucleus, it attracts the electrons more than random chance. The same thing happens with the next-door neighbors, but there's the additional pull caused by the molecule's inherent structure and lack of electronegativity balance. It takes much more energy to break these bonds and make a gas . These are dipole bonds. A hydrogen bond is a strong dipole bond where hydrogen is bonded to a very electronegative element and the polarity can be rather strong .
Why do I wake up extremely tired, but go to bed wide awake?
I've been asking this question ever since I was a child. It makes no sense that our society would run on a system that puts us to sleep when we are awake and forces us to wake up when we are still tired.
What it means when the PSI pressure of water gets too low that causes a water boil order?
A property of any liquid is its vapor pressure, the tendency of it to jump to the vapor phase at its surface, to evaporate. Different liquids have different vapor pressures. We all have experience with this whether we know it or not. Wipe a little room temperature water on the back of your hand and it will feel a bit cooler than the room as it evaporates. Do the same with some rubbing alcohol and it feels much cooler because it evaporates more quickly because it has a higher vapor pressure. You can't do that with liquid propane. As Hank King has often told everyone "propane is sold as a liquid but used as a gas." The vapor pressure of propane is so high it can't exist as a liquid at normal atmospheric pressure. One more thing about vapor pressure it goes up with the temperature of the liquid. As water is heated its vapor pressure rises and eventually it boils. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure exceeds the atmospheric pressure on it. Water boils at 212^o F at sea level, it boils at 203^oF in Denver CO, at a mile above sea level, because of the lower atmospheric pressure at that altitude. In a pressure cooker at twice normal atmospheric pressure, it boils at 250^oF. You can boil water at room temperature with a vacuum pump by dropping the pressure on it to below its vapor pressure. An immersed pump can *push* water to considerable heights but a pump can only *lift* water about 28 feet because above that the pressure on the water is lower than its vapor pressure and it just vaporizes.Low pressure in the lines doesn't cause a boil order, a break in the line, or maintenance, causes both low pressure and contamination which issues a boil order.
Why would Greenpeace damage a World Heritage site like the Nazca lines?
Because they are idiots with grand ideas. The area is off-limits because it's easy to make permanent marks to the ground, and the group didn't realize that prancing all over the place could cause harm to the site.
Do A-sexuals enjoy sex?
It really depends on the individual. Asexual people present in many different likes/dislikes/tolerances. You may wish to take a look at the asexual reddit: /r/asexuality', "She might be. Some asexuals enjoy the feelings that come with sex, but just feel no sexual attraction, and have no real desire or drive to have sex. Some don't enjoy sex at all, and don't even masturbate. It's a range. It sounds like your girlfriend might be in the former group.
Can you 'cook' pasta in cold water? Otherwise why do you need hot water to cook pasta?
Dried pasta out of a box, or fresh-made pasta? Dried pasta is cooked already. So yes, you can just soak it in cold water and it'll be fine. Fresh pasta is dough. It's raw, and you need to cook it. Eating it would be like eating raw bread dough.
Why are the recommended daily allowances for alcohol different for men and women?
It is based on the difference in body mass. Women tend to be smaller than men and thus the recommendation is no more than 2-3 units for women and 3-4 units for menIn addition to the first comment, women also typically have more fat vs. water in their bodies. Ethanol is water soluable, so a man has more water to dilute the ethanol than a woman weighing the same amount.
Why do muscles randomly twitch when you're not moving?
I think it's something like your brain sending a "ping" to your body to check if you're still alive. It's often happens just before you fell asleep
Why do particles become excited when matter changes states?
The "heat" of an atom/molecule is pretty much just a measure of how fast it vibrates or moves, i.e how much energy it has. The hotter it is, the more energy it has ,the more faster it moves. So take water as example. When its frozen, all the water molecules are arranged and bonded together in a nice crystalline shape. When they are bonded like this, they can't really vibrate around much. Now you melt the ice to form liquid water. Now the bonds between the molecules are replaced with van der Waals bonds which are much weaker. The molecules can vibrate more and more. Once the water turns to steam, they have no bonds to other molecules and their vibration is replaced with straight movement. TL:DR- More energy- > more excitment. Steam is more exciting than Ice
Why can RyanAir explicitly impose a 2% fee for paying with credit cards? Wasn't this prohibited by Visa and MasterCard policies?
It used to be common for credit cards to specifically require that you not charge customers more to use them. If you did, it would not violate a law, but it would violate your contract with the credit card company. That is the question he is asking about, and most of the responders do not even seem to be aware of this, much less have an answer.
What would happen if someone got a credit card with no spending limit and paid of all the dept for all people in a small town? (or something like that)
a small town called southpark? it could work, but you'd be in debt the rest of your life.
What's the reasoning behind the "pause" and "play" symbols as we know them?
Their origin is not clear but I think the "play" symbol was supposed to be an arrow that indicates the direction tape was moving in old reel-to-reel tapes, which would explain why the fast forward symbol is a double arrow. The pause symbol on the other hand, is even less clear. Some say it's a variation of the "stop" symbol , that indicates no direction of movement. By carving a chunk out of that square, you show that "pause" is only a temporary stopThe play symbol symbolizes time moving forward, because in the western world we read from left to right. So an arrow to the right points to the future. And fast-forward is just 2 arrows overlapping. Pause on the other hand represents 2 timelines with a pause between them .
Why do colleges continue to raise tuition when they are sitting on billions of tax free endowments?
The value of the asset that is the endowment is the money it produces. The money it produces _is_ spent on the university. Without this money tuitions would be higher, there would be less financial aid etc. For an extreme example, the cost to run Yale university is estimated to be $95,549 per student _more than the tuition per student_.
How are Catholic priests chosen to become exorcists and how do they train for the job?
> Since at least the third century, the Latin Church has formally ordained men to the minor order of exorcist.[1] Text previously attributed to a fourth Council of Carthage in 398, now identified as a collection called Statuta Ecclesiæ Antiqua, prescribes in its seventh canon the rite of ordination of such an exorcist: the bishop is to give him the book containing the formulae of exorcism, saying, "Receive, and commit to memory, and possess the power of imposing hands on energumens, whether baptized or catechumens". *** > The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that: "Jesus performed exorcisms and from him the Church has received the power and office of exorcizing".[7] The 1917 Code of Canon Law[8] explicitly stated that the solemn exorcism of a person believed to be possessed may only be performed with the express authorisation of the local bishop or equivalent; 'this permission is only to be given to priests of the highest repute\'. The revised 1983 Code of Canon Law similarly stated that the bishop is 'to give this permission only to a presbyter who has piety, knowledge, prudence, and integrity of life.\'[9] > The Catholic Church's Rite of Exorcism was revised in 1999. Paragraph 13 of its introduction states that a priest can be appointed by the local Bishop either for a single act of exorcism, or to the permanent position of \'exorcist\'. The Rite then specifies that whenever it uses the word exorcist without qualification, it indicates a priest mandated in this way. _URL_0_
How come when I pay for 30 mb/sec download speed I only download files at 3mb/sec?
You need to be careful in reading what the actual measurement is. Your ISP will measure your service in Meg**bits** per second , while the file download **may** be measured in Mega**bytes** per second . This would result in a difference by a factor of eight . Alternatively, if you are paying for 30Mbps, yes you get 30Mbps , but the server you are requesting the file from may only be able to serve that file at 3Mbps, thus the reason for the slower download speed. In this case, the server you are downloading from is the bottleneck as their upload is 1/10th your potential downloadYou're very likely making the same mistake that most people here make. Your connection is a maximum of 30 M**b**ps , and your download is 3 M**B**ps . A lower case "b" means "bits", and an upper case "B" means "bytes" . So your download is going at 24 Mbps, which is much more in line with your actual maximum bandwidth. Also, that "maximum bandwidth" phrase is the other part. Your connection is "up to" 30 Mpbs, which doesn't mean that you'll always reach that. That's the just maximum possible.
How are underwater tunnel highways, like the Lincoln and Holland Tunnel, built?
In a variety of ways, depending on the exact circumstances. If the geology and cost permits it, they'll just tunnel through the rock under the water, and then seal the tunnel walls with concrete or something to prevent leaks. Sometimes, prefabricated tunnel sections are built on land, then put on a barge, taken to the appropriate spot and submerged. That's how they built the trans-bay tube for San Francisco's BART system.If you have 57 minutes, watch [this] episode of Big Bigger BiggestBuilding the Lincoln Tunnel under the Hudson River _URL_1_', "My dad's an engineer who worked on the Sydney harbour, HK eastern harbour and Sydney rail tunnels and it generally comes down to gradients and material. Most tunnels are bored out using a series of TBMs . But if the entrances are too close together or the material is too soft, they will float the pieces above a pre-dug trench. Weld them then flood it. The trench is then covered over and water pumped out from either end. The Sydney harbour tunnel does regularly flood, and they have pumps that drain the water back out to the entrances. Also, instead of building new ventilation stacks, the pylons for the Sydney harbour bridge function as exhausts for the tunnel bellow. The other type of tunnel is trench dug, this is only suitable for land tunnels but is where a huge trench is dug and then covered. The eastern distributor tunnel was created this way and also features one of the two underground spaghetti junctions in the world . It's very unusual as it is double decked but not dual carriageway. Traffic is on both upper and lower decks. In Hong Kong. The harbour crossings are mostly a combination of rail and traffic, and as a fun fact, Victoria Harbour has no bridges between Hong Kong island and main land. After the trains finish, you'll have to catch a cab through a tunnel, no walking! Sydney is currently building Australia's longest and deepest tunnels with the north connex at a 90m depth and north west rail stretching just over 8km underground.
"black male disadvantage in dating" versus lots more black male-white female couples than reverse
OKCupid itself actually has a good blog post on the subject. _URL_0_ The jist of it is that, male or female, white people are the most desirable. And while black men get fewer replies than white men, Black women get far fewer replies than white women.I heard a report on the radio a few years ago about how black women don't usually date outside their racial group because it is seen as a betrayal of the culture. Whereas black men dating/marrying a white woman is a status symbol. The report focused on celebrity couples like Tiger Woods and his wife at the time.Ever think that maybe his race might not have anything to do with it?Generally speaking, men want looks and women want power. White women fit standards of beauty and white men earn more, typically. This leaves fat white women for black men and makes life difficult for black women.
Why do you have to put your signature AND initials when signing a legal document?
Your initials are just a short way of repeating your signature to show that you specifically agree to key parts and none of the middle pages were changed after you signed the last page.Contracts aren't magical papers that 100% binding at all times. Bits and pieces can frequently be thrown out in court - especially when it's contract that you have no room to negotiate on like the standard contracts you get when buying a cellphone. Initialing certain sections shows that you had them explicitly pointed out to you & that you agree to that specific term. This gives them a little more leverage in getting it enforced if the contract ever ends up in court. It's also a good idea to make sure people actually know what they're agreeing to by pointing out the interesting parts.
If there have been more deadly genocides in history than the holocaust, why is the holocaust the one we reference to the most?
Generally speaking, I've not seen other genocides estimated to have a higher death toll, although you might get some equivalence if you compare a lowball for the Holocaust and a high estimate for one or two other genocides in history. Additionally, the holocaust was relatively recent, involved direct history for a lot of people alive today, involved governments of a lot of people alive today, was one part of one of the largest international conflicts in history, has extensive photographic documentation, reflected what are seen as especially callous views , really there's just a *lot* of factors that make the Holocaust big in social memory.
How do you teach a person who was born deaf to read?
You don't have to talk to communicate. Deaf children will learn to use sign language first and then read and write. It might take longer because it takes longer for fine moter skills to develop but it will happen
- Why do employers decide not to hire unemployed people who have bad credit.
People with bad credit can be stereotyped as being irresponsible. If you can't manage your credit then you may not be able to manage X. I'm a manager and I have never looked at credit history or numbers. In my industry , they look at credit histories to look for issues may exclude you from handling large amount of money and/or cash. Again, not having a criminal background is more important to me personally. *Edit for readability.Whores have the most experience with sex, yet everyone wants a virgin.aside from being financially irresponsible, bad credit can indicate higher fraud risk. lastly, if you default on one of your loans, employers don't want to deal with creditors.The idea that people who have made mistakes are less likely to repeat them is false. The best indicator of future behavior is past behavior.As /u/Sig_Man said, people with bad credit can be stereotyped as being irresponsible. I started at a car dealership and they ran my credit. They also do this because they don't want a scene on their hands in which collectors come to the workplace to repossess a car or serve an employee papers. It looks terrible and is bad for business.Im a manager and think about this: why take the risk?
What's the difference between a program's source code and the actual program ?
In general, the source code is human-readable instructions that the computer will follow in order to do something interesting or useful. When you're done writing a program's source code you'll send it to a compiler which will turn it into something that a computer processor can "execute". In that form it's not really readable by a human, but if the compiler does the job right , it does exactly what the source code says the program would do.
Why does the radius seem to matter more than the diameter?
Math doesn't like extra, it likes simple. If you 've got the center and the radius you 've got literally everything you need to know about a circle in 2d. The diameter gives you that too, but it has "extra". Math has a strong preference for not-extra-info. Further, in practical use if you want to _draw_ a circle you want the radius. You then swing the radius around the center point to find the entire circle. So if you asked me to draw a circle with my geometry tools and gave me a diameter, I 'd immediately divide it by 2 and put my point on the center of the would be circle and swing around that center point to draw the circle. So both principled mathematics and its want for simplicity and practical geometry drawing want me to think about the radius more than the diameter.Any formula involving radius can be reworked to use diameter instead by making the substitution r = D/2. However, when it comes to defining what a circle *is*, radius is a much more natural measure than the diameter. The defining property of a circle is that every point on the circle is the same distance away from its center. That is, a circle of radius r and centered at C is the collection of points that are exactly r distance away from C. In order to reword this definition in terms of diameter, we'd have to say something like a pair of points is on the circle of diameter D, centered at C, if they are exactly D distance apart and the center point of the line connecting them is C. That's quite a mouthful to say, and its roundabout language obscures the very property of circles that we want to emphasize, that their points are equidistant from the central point.
Why can't we scan our phone for our ID, credit/debit card, and email (for recipts)?
You can scan your phone for payments. That's what Apple Pay and Android Pay do -- I. And you can scan your phone for tickets and some forms of ID, too, iOS even ships with an app to do this for you . I've been doing this for 6-7 years . You can't do it for your driver's license or passport yet because governments would have to implement a system that was reasonably secure, train millions of people to use it, cross their fingers no one found any exploits on such a high-value target, etc. They would have to implement it alongside the existing system , it would cost a lot of taxpayer money , would require a ton of international co-operation, and has a lot of catches . Given the expense and scale of implementation for this and the relatively minor benefits it offers it's hard to justify. It'll probably happen eventually. But it's way easier to start with individual optional services like Apple/Android Pay doing it and making sure all the kinks have been ironed out, the tech is perfected, etc before you think about doing it with massive mandatory services crucial to daily life for virtually everyone like passport and license checking.
Can someone please explain the rise and fall of gas prices in relation to the price of crude oil?
I could really totally go to town on this and unleash sarcasm on a scale unknown to mankind before this event. I won't though. When the price of crude goes up, the oil companies say "hey! the price of our crude oil at the source just went up! We must raise prices at the pump!" When the price of crude goes down, the oil companies say "wait a minute. Although the price of crude has gone down at the source, we have a shit load of crude underway in various tankers that we payed the high price for. Let us not lower prices at the pump just yet". And if you ask this question: "but when the price of crude goes up, they have a shit load of crude underway they payed the low price for. How come they raise prices at the pump immediately?" then you are asking a very valid question. The short answer is: the oil companies are for profit, and you are their milk cow. The longer answer involves commodities market mumbo jumbo that basically boils down to this: someone has a profit to make, and you are going to pay for it. Welcome to capitalism.
Why does warm water taste so bad compared to cold water? Considering the water was filtered, purified bottled water that was in the sun.
A lower temperature does a good job hiding smells and odors. Remember this the next time you want to hide some bbq sauce in chocolate ice cream and serve it to you friends.Your tastebuds are less sensitiv at lower temperatures. Thats why many cheaper alcoholic drinks are served chilled. If you want to taste somthing drink it at about room temperature.
what is the difference between a bush and a tree, and where is the line between them?
Google answers this quite nicely and easily. The generally acknowledged definition of a tree, according to USU, is a "woody plant having one erect perennial stem at least three inches in diameter at a point 4-1/2 feet above the ground, a definitely formed crown of foliage, and a mature height of at least 13 feet." A bush would have multiple stems low to the ground. There are exceptions as some trees can have multiple trunks and someone could trim away the excess stems of a bushThe growth of the 2. Trees usually have 1 large central trunk which has branches stemming from it while bushes have many branches connected more towards a base and grows more outward than upwards
Does there have to be a tradeoff between privacy and national security?
Kind of. In a pretend world with zero privacy, the authorities are able to peer inside your mind and discover if you're planning to do something bad. Zero privacy, total security. In a pretend world with total privacy, an attack can never ever be prevented. Zero security, total privacy. The issue stems from the ways in which privacy and security interact. There's an argument to be made that having a security state actually *decreases* security because the population lives in such constant terror of the government that it defeats the point of being physically safe in the first place. In short: privacy and security are most likely terms that are too broad to be useful in discussing policy. There are too many sub-categories that behave differently from each other for us to lump together everything that has to do with "privacy" and "security".