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During a siege on a castle, why didn't defenders make more stone walls behind the gate?
There's a story about Ghengiz Khan . He had a method of psychological warfare to resolve sieges. When his horde arrived to besiege a city, they'd put up a white tent. While the white tent is up, a city can surrender and all of it's citizens can leave unharmed. After which the mongols plundered the city. When Khan's patience ran low, the white tent is replaced with a black tent. If the city surrenders, the Mongols will kill every able bodied man in the city. But the women and children are free to flee. If the black tent doesn't work. It is replaced with the red tent. The Mongols will kill every living thing in the city and raze the city until not a single stone is left upon another stone. The debris will be buried and the earth salted until there is no sign left that there ever stood a city. Supposedly the Khan only had to raise the red tent a few times and never again. Sieges are political tools. It means the attacker cornered the defender. And unless there's a very dire reason to assault , there's no reason to asasult. Similarly, people tend to be very short on mercy after you spend a few days hosing them with boiling oil and pushing them off 40ft ladders. Unless the defenders are extremely confident they'll pull through, it's often not a great idea to antagonize besiegers too much.
how do stocks, shareholders and investors work?
You wanna make a lemonade stand, coz ur only 5. To do that, you need to buy some lemonade first, but you got no money. You have 2 choices: 1. You go to a bank and borrow $100, and you promise to return them $101 next week. . 2. You go to your parents and they give you $100. However, instead of asking you to pay them back for a set amount, they want 50% of your profit. You had 100% shares/stock of your lemonade stand . You are a shareholder. Then you sold 50% of your shares/stock to your parents. Now you are a shareholder, but so are your parents. People who put their money somewhere to see it grow is an investor, one option among many, is investing in stock/share.
How is it possible for a particle which is quantumly entangled to another particle to "know" at FTL speed about a change happening to its twin?
In order for the two particles to be entangled they had to be created as part of the same process in the same place. If they then travel apart no information needs to travel between them as it's already intrinsically encoded. It's just the collapse that happens at a later point in time.
Why or How is there a helium shortage?
It's rare, it's nonrenewable, and the government is mandated to sell it's reserve off by a certain date, leading to an artificially low price that encourages waste.It is a very small part of the atmosphere because it easily escapes into space. It and Hydrogen are the most abundant elements in the universe, but not on Earth. Helium is created by nuclear Fusion and/or radioactive decay. This caused some Helium to get trapped in pockets underground in Earths history. We are very close to using up the Helium from the pockets we know about. Scientists have also discovered how to extract Helium from natural gas, so a shortage is no longer a big riskHelium is pretty rare in the atmosphere. 0.0005% and super hard to extract from ambiant air.Most of the commercial helium comes from the ground. Often buried along natural gas wells. Like natural gas an fossil fuels, there is a limited amount of it Helium is rare on Earth because it is only made from the radioactive decay of heavier elements. Pretty much all of the helium we get is extracted from natural gas. As natural gas supplies dwindle, so does the supply of helium.
If people with high incomes (the rich) are taxed at a higher % than a lower income, how come people say these new tax laws only make the rich, richer?
Really rich people aren't people with really large salaries, they are people with really large investment portfolios. No paychecks there, so the tax is just what they pay quarterly. There are zillions of loopholes, put in at their request, so it's not at all the same as if they just got $50M paychecks every week with millions withheld for taxes.
Do petitions actually change anything?
It's a way to draw attention to something. If a huge number of people agree with you about something then maybe that's enough leverage to start changing the thing you want to change. & #x200B; And some petitions do come with specific actions if a threshold is met. Like collecting signatures to appear on an election ballot or to force a recall vote. Those conditions are usually written in the law so the standards are also a bit stricter than the guy who wanted the Sponge Bob song in the Superbowl.It is human nature for people to want to feel like they are doing something, but often just like other task this feeling is satisfied in the easiest way possible. So you give the homeless guy a buck, but never do anything to address the plight of people living in the street.
Why do most animals have exactly 2 nostrils, when it seems like 1 would do?
It's possible that one surface nostril opening would be easily blocked or damaged. Two is less likely to do so", 'there are probably many reasons. a few may be 1. if one gets damaged, you have a backup2. to help identify which direction a smell is coming from
the point in keyboard sticky keys
[Input holding down shift + a with no sticky keys] [Input holding down shift + a with sticky keys] This allows you to exploit certain things in some games that require pressing two keys rapidly, as long as you're able to rebind the keys to a modifier key + non modifier key. /u/MarchosiasBlack's response is *why* it exists in the first place, but not the only purpose they hold.Sorry not ELI5, but I remember playing a multiplayer game over LAN in my dorm, and Shift was melee attack, so we would be beating reach other and then get sticky keysEli5? Some people are born or aquire fucked up hands. Typing is hard for them, especially when they need to hold one key while pressing another
Why (according to my teacher) is the equator not perpendicular to Earth’s axis?
If your teacher actually said that and you didn't misinterpret what they said, your teacher is 100% wrong and has no business being in a classroom. The equator is ***literally by definition,*** perpendicular to the rotational axis. Perhaps you misunderstood and what your teacher said was that Earth's *axis* is not not perpendicular to it's orbital plane? [This image shows what's going on]. You can see that equator is NOT NOT NOT I REPEAT NOT aligned with the Earth's orbital plane . Can you show us what you drew?", 'I think they meant that as the earth is spinning around circling the sun.. if you drew a line from the sun out to touch the earth as the earth tilts causing the seasons the line would move up and down on the earth. Did that make sense? But honestly, I’ve never thought of it that way. I thought the equator remained perpendicular to the axis. I think they are wrong. It’s the line at zero latitude equal distance from the north and south poles. I think maybe some concepts have gotten confused. We did learn recently that the magnetic North Pole has moved. Think they meant the equator moved because of that? I’d ask teacher some more questions.That can't be right. If the equator matched the orbital plane, it would twist up and down as the planet orbited the sun. Not to mention that where a spot was in relation to the equator would change throughout the day. The earth's axis is NOT perpendicular to it's orbital plane, and that may be what they were saying.
How come blood transfusions can work even though the foreign blood cells contain the wrong DNA?
Note that red blood cells don't have DNA, although white blood cells do. What you're getting at is called a transplant reaction or Transfusion Reaction. This is not directly responsible to DNA which is usually deeply buried and protected inside the nuclear membrane in the center of cells. Rather, a transfusion reaction is caused by proteins and carbohydrates on the surface of blood cells called *Antigens*. When blood from one person is transfused, it's possible that antigens in the blood will trigger a response that causes the transfused blood cells to stick together in large clumps. This is by means of antibodies in the recipient's blood plasma and other tissues that strongly bind to antigens in the transfused blood. This can cause life threatening blood clots. Note that the normal purpose of antibodies is to bind to bacteria, viruses, and toxic substances so that immune cells can grab and absorb them. There are three common antigens that can cause this, called A, B, and Rh in shorthand. Whether you have these antigens depends on whether you inherit the relevant genes from your parents. It may be the case that if you lack, A, B, and/or Rh antigens, simply being in contact with people having them will cause your body to begin to produce antibody proteins that bind to them, in the same way as being exposed to a disease. This part of the process is still uncertain.
Why are patients given general anesthesia directed to count backwards by 7s? Why not just talk?
Because people react differently to the drugs, they should be out fully before they reach 1 depending on how out of it they are at each number helps determine how effective it is should they need to give extra they won't overdose you. Obviously it's not the only reason but it's the main one", 'I have had it both ways, talking and I was out. Then another couple of times, I had to count down from 10. Like the other person said, it may be to track about when someone will go underIt’s just a preference of the surgeon or anesthesiologists, not a hard or fast rule.Man, last time I had surgery the anesthesiologist asked me to count back. Me,10,9,8,7 Him,Whoops, Me,What? What was the wh Woke up 6 hours later with many questions. Anyways, counting isn't important. They often just talk with you and try to keep you relaxed. They are closely monitoring your vitals and part of that is determining your cognitive state. Counting or talking are the best ways to accomplish that.They don't always have you count or do anything. When I had my knee fixed they just said "you'll start to feel drowsy" and then injected the propofol. Next thing I knew I was waking up.
why do people have to brush their teeth to maintain them but animals don't and still have a really good teeth health
Most animals eat no refined sugar and die when they're 10. The reason you have to take care of your teeth is you're trying to outlive 3-4 generations of animals, on a diet that's harder on teeth.We live 70-100 years The animals that live longer never had teeth The animals that do have teeth and lose them, die Animals have terrible tooth hygiene; any pet owner could tell you this.
We get Internet from ISP. From where does ISP get Internet and how?
Think of the internet as a river system. You have streams that lead to rivers, that lead to bigger rivers, that lead to continent-spanning rivers, that eventually lead to oceans that connect the world. The stream is your local ISP. A boat can get to each stream if it knows where it's going. To make it uniform, every stream, river, lake, sea, ocean, pier, dock, etc is given an identifying number - Stream 4.1 or Lake 3.18 or so on. If you know the number, you can reach the stream you need by looking at the map, or maybe a lake if it's a website hosting company of many websites and you are looking for the right dock. But realizing that all those numbers are going to start looking the same and it will become hard to keep track of each stream when the numbers are similar, a mapmaker came along and said that each thing thing can have a name, if you want it, you just gotta tell the mapmaker what the name is. So River 4.17 becomes the Colorado River. Now, an updated atlas is sent out to everyone that says that Colorado River means River 4.17, so go there. So now, when you are at your home with your little stream and you tell your boat to go to Colorado River , a navigator tells the boat how to reach the Colorado River, starting at your stream, by looking at the atlas and seeing that that is River 4.17 and plots the course. You are part of the internet by just being on the stream that ultimately runs out to an ocean. If the boat can get to the ocean, it can get to any stream that ultimately feeds into the ocean.
Why events occur “at” a certain time, “on” a day, or “in” a month or year?
in the room". So it makes sense to use "in" for time that has a duration, as in "in March" or "in 2019" . This reasoning doesn't explain "on Tuesday", however. Depending on whether we view a day as a point in time or a duration of 24 hours, we could say "at Tuesday" or "in Tuesday", but for some other reason, we don'tI have an English degree and asked my professors once. The answer was basically "we don't know". At some point there was probably a reason , but it's just been forgotten. Languages are living things and if most of the population/speakers agree that something should be used a certain way, then that of usually what ends up happening. Most phrases/prepositions that can only be used one way or in one context are holdovers from old grammatical rules or idioms.
How can Minecraft generate a world that can be reproduced down to every exact block based on an 8-16 digit seed number?
The world's generated based on sending that 8-16 digit seed number through a mathematical equation. As a result, with the same seed the outcome will always be the same. An 8-digit seed gives you 16,777,216 different combinations. A 16 digit seed gives you 18,446,744,000,000,000,000 different combinations. As a result, you can derive a lot of potential complexity from a 8-16 digit number.
Why do people (or even do they) but those infomercial collectible coins? like the Morgan silver coins? Are they worth their value or something else I am missing?
Keep em for the memories of your Grandpa. He found value in them, so use that as a reason to keep them. That's what I'd do .Yeah, those infomercial coins are garbage. If you really want some collectible found go on eBay and look for AU or BU or Proof coins. Those are the ones everyone wants. Buy them and hold them for 50 years and they will make you rich.
why can't we feel the earths speed?
The earth isn't accelerating so you aren't feeling any change in velocity. When you're in a car going a constant speed you only know you're moving because you can see your position relative to objects outside the car. If there were objects whizzing past the earth at the same speed as the earth was moving, you'd notice the earths speed more", 'If you are in a plane, do you really feel like you're going fast? Because plane is going much, much faster than car. The reason you "feel" speed is things like noise, wind, vision etc. If you can't see stuff moving past you, can't feel wind in your face, etc, then your body won't really feel the speed.Your car vibrates. The faster it goes, the stronger the vibrations. You don't feel your car going 70mph , you feel your car shaking a lot. The Earth doesn't touch the ground in space^, so it doesn't shake.Because the speed is constant to everything around you. In example, the air has the same speed as you do. The only force affecting you is gravitation and that’s the reason you’re not thrown into outer space.Ask yourself if you actually feel going 70mph. You can feel wind or shaking of the car. But if you closed your eyes, couldn't hear nor feel the air resistance then you would have no idea. The only thing you feel is acceleration and deceleration. Earth spins at the constant angular velocity with the whole atmosphere etc. So there is also no way of feeling it. You would need an external point of reference to notice velocity.
how does not voting or voting for a small party affect the outcome of an election?
Vote for the small party that you can support. In a way, not voting can be helpful for the ruling party. For a small example, 20 voters. A got 6. B got 5. C got 4. So 5 didn't vote since they feel that the ruling party will win even if they cast their vote. But if they did vote against, then the result would be different. If at least 3 of them voted for B or C then the ruling party will lose.
Why does the school bus driver get seatbelts but the students do not?
the problem of seatbelts on a school bus is that you have one driver, who for the most part isn't acting in a supervisory role, and a couple dozen unruly children. While it might be safer to have all the children properly belted in, it's not entirely reasonable to expect that the bus driver is going to 1: get everyone into a seat and belted in, and 2: make sure everyone wears their seatbelt properly for the duration of the ride. Putting more adults on the bus to enforce seatbelts brings the problem of reducing seating capacity for children, increasing loading times as the adult checks all the seatbelts , and incrreased operational costs to pay their salary. The last point that should be noted that an improperly worn seatbelt can be more dangerous than going without, and the liability that a schoolbus operator might incur if they don't have someone to make sure the kids are belted in correctly could easily outweigh any reasons to include the belts even if they were to go without having an adult enforcing their use. So far as that goes, schoolbus seats are designed to offer padding that reduces injury if an accident occurs and a child is flung into the seat in front of them.
why does getting stabbed by a pencil leave a permanent mark?
I got stabbed between a couple of my knuckles with a pencil something like thirty years ago; it stayed around for a long time but I just checked on it due to this question and all that's there now is the minor skin discoloration of an old scar. Guess my body finally dealt with it somewhere in the past decade when I wasn't thinking about it. Or else They put my brain in a clone body and missed that subtle distinguishing mark.
How do animals who aren't parented know when they meet their own species?
My wife hand-reared a pigeon. This boy was rather confused as to who or what he was for a time. He would try to woo or fight the wild doves, somehow knowing which were male and which were potential mates. He would even confuse some inanimate objects as either male competition or he'd even try mate with them. But then one day, he brought home a lady pigeon. His own species . And now we're having to replace the constant production of eggs with dummy eggs. So yeah, after all his confusion, he eventually managed to find a mate and convince her to come live on our patio with him. They generally mate for life. Hard-wired instinct. Then on the flip side, we have an aviary of budgies, cockatiels and love birds. The Birds were rescues, so homed one by one and the like. Early on, there was just one budgie, 2 cockatiels and a love bird. The budgie decided one of the cockatiels was his soul mate. The cockatiel wasn't very keen, but the budgie persisted. As the flock grew from more rescues, more budgies were introduced to where there are now 5. That first budgie still only has eyes for that cockatiel and the cockatiel seems to have accepted this and the two behave like mates, with the budgie feeding the cockatiel as it would a mate.
Why is it that symptoms of anxiety differ so much from person to person?
Everyone has a fairly special mind that is there's and no one else's. So how it acts and how it observes the world are differnt for everyone.
How does Coke Zero and other similar products contain no sugar, calories or caffeine and still have a taste?
The compounds giving taste is not usable by the body for energy. That said, many things have taste but does not have energy. Water has a taste, in fact, water has many different tastes depending on where in the world you are since the minerals in the water differs wildly. And water from swimming pools also have a very strong taste, but no energy. Not that I'd recommend drinking chlorinated water.I should point out that most of the flavouring of soda is not from the sugar and the caffeine is added anyway. In fact, the sugar floods out most of the flavours that would be there. Pepsi sold a half sugar version for a while and I loved it because you could actually taste the other flavours better.
What is bad about GMOs? Why is it such a contentious issue?
They're not. Everything is GMO, we are GMOs ffs. Gene engineering is what makes everything we eat exist.
Why does the north star always point north?
Keep in mind that the stars aren't moving we are. The Earth is constantly rotating around an axis that runs from the north pole to the south pole. Ok so now picture a globe with a laser pointing out of the north pole. If you put the globe on a table, and spun it, the laser wouldn't move, right? It would stay pointed at the same spot on the wall. For the Earth, the north star just happens to be directly at that spot, so it stays still in the sky while the Earth rotates.
With all the problems content creators are experiencing with Youtube and the public dislike for the platform, why is no one attempting to create or even discuss creating an alternative?
Google has made it extremely easy to access, view, interact with videos. A new platform would be just trash, wouldn't right away generate profit. +YouTube is popular
Do Sprinkler Systems Put Out Fires?
Also check out askscience instead of here to see how multiple fire sprinklers work, sometimes it's not water. Factories will use a foam, or some kind of solution depending on what's going on in the building
do different types of alcohol create different effects on actions/emotions?
Awel in europe I have heard about the anis-craziness. If you go overboard on Pernod or alike, your personality differs. A lot. Anis has some components similar to absynthe/green dragon which only recently came to market in 'allowed' dosage. All info and literature :google it. I'm in my bath.The different effects are anecdotal except for absinth, because there'sthis "flying nimbus" or " kinton" effect, particularly in the first exposure, which is caused by other chemical components in the drink, as well as by the therein contained black magickNot a chance, unless there are some other toxins than alcohol mixed in. IMO it is way more likely that people with certain personalities that for example are more agressive tend to have similar tastes to each other.
Why is sugar bad for you and should you cut it out?
Sugar is digested into glucose, which provides us with energy. During the time of our ancestors, it was important to keep energy up because of their active lifestyle. Our craving for sugar is deep rooted in our need to make sure we had enough energy to gather, hunt, produce, etc. The problem is that our modern sedentary lifestyles don't require consumption of massive amounts of sugar. But our biology still craves it. So just like most things, practice moderation. An article that talks about what I said above: _URL_1_", 'It isn’t bad for you per se. It’s just that most Americans eat far too much of it and have a poor intuition about how much they should eat.
Do other life forms (animals, plants) percieve the passing of time the same way as we do?
Apparently it depends on whether you're English or German :P _URL_0_ Jakob von Uexkull described the world of the tick's consciousness: 'whose essential activity consists in perceiving and acting'. The tick can hang around for 18 years waiting for the opportune moment to hop onto an animal and suck its blood, drop to earth, lay eggs and die. From research, we haven't found complex brain processes such as humans have, for example, dreaming, imagining, feeling bored, telling herself a story, making a joke so we can't really say she is 'perceiving time', I suppose? But rather, her senses are always ready to sense something and when she senses a warm mammal passing by, it's time to jump!
How come the “eating eggs is bad for cholesterol” debate is still a thing? Can’t research and technological advances tell us by now if it is good or bad?
It is still a debate—the same goes for other food health debates—because a lot people still believe the old science. The new science shows that eggs are probably not as bad as we once thought they were, but a lot of people still think they are bad because that's what they learned 25 years ago. It is similar to how some people still think the fat in food makes you fat.
If black absorbs all colors on the visible spectrum, then how are there glossy black finishes that reflect light
I think it has more to do with how the surface interacts with light at. More microscopic level. When you have a glossy finish, the light hits and is generally reflected straight outwards, when you have a stain finish, the surface in more 'bumpy' which makes the light more prone to reflecting into another interaction with the material.
What are the procedures and different types of headlights to not make them seem like high beams?
Federal standards set basic height and aim requirements for headlights. The reason why some retrofit setups are blinding is due to where the actual light output is in respect to the surrounding reflector setup. Some of the cheaper designs don't position the source in the same spot, resulting in the pattern of the light to change", 'Headlights have a very simple height adjustment. Typically a knob or screw. The issue with people swapping out bulbs is they fail to lower their highlight beam when installing a different type of bulb in their housing.
How is nuclear energy cleaner than other methods of renewable energy like wind energy and solar energy?
Energy density and resource consumption. Nuclear energy requires bugger-all fuel, and as a result, produces bugger-all waste. The only by-product of the generation stage of nuclear energy is steam. As for the waste, they can just chuck it in the appropriate containers and keep it contained within a relatively small footprint. The mines created to extract the minerals for photovoltaic cells isn't exactly good for the environment Or, if you go down the molten salt solar farm path, then you have to contend with birds getting fried in the focused sunlight Then you have the operational difficulties of wind farms - in that if the brakes or gearbox fail, you're dealing with an expensive fire or oil spill which needs mopping up.
What exactly is MSG and why does it have a bad repuatation in foods.
like aspartame, it can be harmful if ingested in inhuman quantities. otherwise it's perfectly fine to use in foods. i think it's even the main component in tomatoes that makes them bring out flavor in foods.I’m torn on this. Hawaii was super big on it and we ate it in a ton of stuff with no reaction. I dunno.
Why do plugged in electronics drain power when not on?
they use electronic switches which use solid state components. unlike the mechanical switches you're used to, they still allow a piffling current to pass, as the circuit is *technically* still closed.
Why is blue cheese safe to eat with mould on but other cheeses aren't?
Same as mushrooms really. You don't go eating wild mushrooms without identifying them first. They know the mold is tasty and safe. Also.. it's suppose to be blue. If it turns green it won't right.
why do you weigh less in the morning than at night?
Every time you exhale, you're expiring gases composed of carbon dioxide, water, and many other compounds. The gases in the exhaled breath contain a tiny bit of mass and the more you breathe, the more mass you lose. So while you're sleeping you're losing mass by breathing, but not consuming any food or water, so the result will be loss of body weight.Usually in the morning you dont have the added weight of a recent meal. All the more, you lost water weight and fat by sweating and breathing during sleep. This combined makes you lighter. This is not very noticeable if you had a large meal with a lot of carbohydrates before sleeping, wich would make you retain a lot of water.As a warm-blooded creature, your body is constantly burning some energy to maintain its body temperature, including while you sleep. To provide energy for this, your body converts fat cells into energy. Since you don't eat while you sleep, there was no gain to offset the loss, thus you'll weight a little less in the morning.
Why can't a phone connect to multiple speakers via bluetooth?
My Pixel 2 XL can connect to up to 5, though you have to enable the option manually and though it will connect to multiple simultaneously, I don't think it will play audio simultaneously.
Do they keep foods heated instead of refrigerated in colder climates?
Despite the changes in room temperature, as in warmer closer to the equator and colder towards the poles, bacteria behaviour doesn't adjust. The fridge keeps the food at around 3 degrees Celsius, the temperature that bacteria grow least and the temperature that food doesn't freeze.
the change in income tax law between 2017 and 2018.
Most tax law changes reduce the tax rates along with reducing ways people have to reduce their taxable income or tax due. It's possible you previously benefitted from one or more deductions or credits that is no longer allowed. The big changes were: * Lower rates on all brackets* elimination of the personal exemption* increasing the standard deduction * a limit of $10,000 for deductions related to state and local income taxes* the qualified business income credit* increased child tax credits* adjusted withholding tables designed to reduce tax overpayments and the corresponding refunds of overpaid tax Without more information about your tax situation it's only possible to guess. The key information would be to compare your adjusted gross income , your deductions , your tax , and your total withholdings . You don't need to share these, as hopefully the comparison of those figures will make it clearer what changed for your specific tax return .
When mouthwash says it kills 99% of germs, is that not just breeding super-bacteria in your mouth?
Not really. Imagine the nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They didn't kill every single person, and neither would the Tsar Bomba. However, the children of these people won't have a resistance to nuclear bombs. Same thing applies to mouthwash. By some chance, there's going to be a few bacteria that survives.
What is the physiological difference between (cannabis induced)munchies and "real" hunger?
I would be very interested to see the result of this question being put to the r/drugs and r/trees userbases, but - single data point here - I have never once been made hungry by cannabis. I've eaten a veritable ton of snacks under the influence because I wanted to taste a thousand things with those enhanced senses, but hungry? Never. I've long held this to be a pop culture misapprehension among non-users.
How do motor boat engines not get water logged?
The actual motor is well above the waterline, usually at least 1-2 feet. Like on this outboard boat for example _URL_0_ The actual motor part is in that black plastic housing, there's possibly a gear box and shaft that goes down to the actual propeller. In theory water could get into the housing for the shaft, proper maintenance of the shaft seals, and a lot of marine rated grease will protect them from water damage. The grease lubricates any moving parts, but also fills any gaps with grease where water could enter.
How can phones have 8gb ram in such a small formfactor and pc needs these huge 4gb ram stick?
Computer RAM increases bandwidth by accessing multiple chips simultaneously. One stick of RAM holds either 8 chips , or 16 chips A byte of RAM is read/written across 8 chips - one bit per chip - rather than accessing all 8 bits from one chip. To make bandwidth even faster, computers often run RAM in dual channel mode, where they read/write data across two sticks of RAM simultaneously, effectively doubling the bandwidth. Smartphones don't have the space or the power budget to run that many RAM chips at once, so they just use one chip. But this means it won't reach the same level of bandwidth.
What is HTTPS and what data can our IPS theoretically see and realistically see?
As others have already stated HTTPS is just HTTP which is used to interact with servers world wide to retrieve information and webpages but instead all the data which is sent and received is either being encrypted or decrypted from your local modem/router. ISP's will have access to information related to when you are sending/receiving data and to where your connection session is issued. For example.. Your ISP will know you logged into reddit at 9:00 from your local network to the reddit servers, they will not however know the user and password which you issued to login. & #x200B; For some heavy users sometimes ISP's although this is not acknowledged they can use tools to inspect traffic and throttle the network, this is normally done in cases such as downloading/uploading torrents or heavy use of IPTV. In that case the use of a premium reliable VPN which would encrypt the data from your local network to the ISP's network would be beneficial as the ISP would not be able to inspect your traffic and throttle streaming services in your network. In the case of the above question this would remove the ISP's ability to decrypt the location where your traffic is headed and even if this was HTTP traffic they would not be able to read the data, instead all this information will be routed through the VPN network where the VPN company will be able to identify the same information as your ISP prior to using a VPN service.
What exactly are ocular migraines?
The first time I got one I was in school looking at white paper. I thought I got snow blindness from looking at the paper for so long lol. I still get them a few times a year but now it's just annoying and I've learned to deal with it. The headache afterward is definitely the best part though.
How can the color spectrum be wrapped into a continuous color wheel? How can the highest frequency colors blend into the lowest frequency colors without clashing?
The answer is disappointing: We don't actually see the colours that things are, we see what our receptors notice. Receptors are quite limited and so each only sees a colour range around roughly 3 colours , though supposedly some people have partial reception of a fourth and some only two, the latter is a form of colour blindness Because every colour we percieve is actually just a mixture of three colours, you can create a gradient between each of them just like you would while mixing dyes; shifting the relative amounts of each response and leading to combinations. As an example: we don't see yellow, yellow is a mixture of our response to a bluey green called Cyan and Red. It's hard to articulate, but simply put, percieved colour and the colour scale is an accidental result of combinations and partial activation of very specifically sensitive cells.
Before digital cameras, did pictures have a resolution? If not, how was image quality measured?
They kinda had resolution, but it wasn't a fixed grid like a digital camera. The film had grains which were in an irregular pattern. 35mm is considered to be around 20 mp. If you are seeing blurriness in old photos, it is more likely caused by movement / poor lens, than lack of 'resolution'.The reason most old photos are blurry is because they required really long exposures and stuff/people tend to moveAnother factor was the camera/film combination, size of the film itself. Those littleDisk" cameras] used 10x8mm film, the quality was horrible.
Why cell phone companies don’t implement some kind of public key authentication to track robocalls?
There is such a system being rolled out; it's called [SHAKEN/STIR] The problem is that the rollout has to be coordinated between every carrier on the phone network. Each carrier must first implement the system to identify calls they originate, transmit that information to the other carriers they send traffic to, and receive the information from calls that originate on other carriers. Coordinating that sort of technology rollout between the dozen or so biggest US carriers [has been a nightmare of bureaucracy and finger pointing] even though everyone agrees that this needs to happen.I once asked the post office, where I was renting a box, if I could opt out of all the spam junk mail I got every month. The lady's response was simple, but highly informative; she said "no, that's how we make our money". Telecom companies are the same. They make they money when people use their service. Period. Who uses their services more than anyone else? Robo-caller services. This is not a technological problem, it's a capitalistic one. They literally don't WANT to solve the "problem", because to them, it isn't one. And, why should they, if they're making money. That's how a capitalist society works. Albeit, this leans into the dark side of that, but you take the good with the bad. The only thing that would solve robo-calling is legislation that brings it into the illegal solicitation fold, or even invasion of privacy, or stalking, or something like that.The answer is to start a verified authentication system that would initially just inform the receiver that the incoming call came from a verified party. The second phase would be a choice of users to only accept verified numbers. At some point in the future when equipment was updated to cover 99% of users you could make verification mandatory. It would involve an international standard followed by a significant timeline to implement. The earlier it were started, the better, even though full results wouldn't be for years.
When a battery is fully charged, where does the extra energy go?
You can use your water analogy, just a different understanding. Voltage is electrical pressure, similarly you can have water pressure. Current is the amount of electricity flowing, similarly the amount of water flowing. If you have a charger on the battery and the voltage of the charger is higher than the battery because it's depleted, then the water pressure is higher coming from your charger than the pressure of your battery so water is pushed into your battery Once your battery is charged, the pressure from your charger and the pressure in your battery will be pretty much the same, and the water won't flow anywhere Another distinction to be made is AC electricity is not the same as DC, AC must be created at the same rate at the same time it is being used, people in town are opening and closing their taps and so the generators and such supplying power must push the exact amount of water through the pipes to maintain your proper pressure DC is different as it is stored potential, it is released when it has a path to flow and doesn't need to be created at the same time it is used. I'm talking a lot about pipes and taps and pressure but it's all the analogy, no water here TL;DR the voltage of the charger and battery are the same so there is no current flow and electrons don't move, DC power can be stored potential and is not required to be consumed instantly like AC where the electrons are constantly moving back and forth 50-60 times a second depending on your country's frequency
Why doesn’t wind chill effect the thermometer?
Something feels cold because the heat energy in your body is being transferred to whatever you are touching . The faster the heat transfers, the colder it feels. And the more cold stuff you are touching, the faster it will transfer. When the wind blows, you are touching more air, so the heat is leaving your body faster, which to you will feel colder. A thermometer has no way to generate more heat energy, and it stays outside all day, so it will always be the same temperature as the air. It doesn't transfer heat to the air, because they are the same temperature. Similarly with heat index Higher heat indices happen when the relative humidity is higher, meaning there is more water vapor in the air. Water holds a lot more heat energy at a given temperature than air does. So humid air at 90 degrees has a lot more heat energy than dry air at 90 degrees. So the heat transfers into your body faster in the humid air, than in the dry air.
why do american fuel pumps have one nozzle for multiple fuel selections? surely they'd all mix
Pipelines do this too. They used to seperate products in pipelines with plugs called pigs, but they realized it didn't matter and stopped.Actually, what you get IS a mixture of fuels, by design. In the pump, they combine a couple different grades of fuel in varying amounts to produce the multiple grades they sell. There may be some residue of a different grade in the hose, and other posters have already addressed that issue. Diesel fuel is usually dispensed from a separate pump.A small amount, about 1/5 gallon is in the hose from the top of the dispenser to the nozzle, and perhaps about that much from the internal plumbing to the actual valves. Works out in a even in the long run. Often vapor and product leak testing both for testing contractor and the regulator inspector is based on the number of hoses and number of dispensers. Using 8 hoses for 8 filling spots on 4 dispensers is much cheaper than using 24 hoses. Diesel is usually it's own hose, sometimes flex fuel with a higher ethanol concentration is a different hose.
What makes my head hurt during a headache?
I had migraines a few years ago and no medications were working. I finally had a spinal tap and adding fluid hurt more, yet putting fluid in made it go away. I wonder why meds didn't work for me.
Why toddlers are so great in learning languages ?
They don't fear making mistakes or misunderstanding. If you notice, they are really not that great at production for a long time either..
Why does a scientific calculator show "0" as a result if I add 1 to a really high number and then substract said high number although it should show "1"?
The floating point and rounding situation other people mention is true, but I think there is also an order of operation that is important here. Let's say your input is a + b - c, the calculator processes a + b first then it subtracts c . What happens if you input 2^50 - 2^50 + 1?
How do spacecrafts not melt off through launch if the temperature in the exosphere is 1700 degrees celsius?
if you put your hand in water thats even 105degrees, you'll be extremely uncomfortable and any higher will risk burns. & #x200B; Yet, you can hang out in a sauna at temperatures upwards of 190degrees Farenheit, even though it contains a small amount of dissolved water , the lower density of water in this situation demonstrates how it reduces the ability to transfer that heat to an object. & #x200B; As for proving air pressure drops in the exosphere, well, that can be demonstrated for yourself with as little as an elevator trip up a tall building. Obviously something more extreme starts to risk our health, you cant exactly stick your head out the window of an airplane or something, so you would have to trust the pressure instruments at that point.The pressure is so low that it will cause the molecules to be extremely spaced apart. Thin air does not transmit heat very wellTemperature is effectively a measurement of how fast particles are moving. Or the kinetic energy they have. Since there are so little particles in the upper atmosphere the heat will hardly transfer. Although the particles themselves move very quickly.I'm just wondering why she believes the scientists and engineers who say that exosphere temps are 1700C, but doesn't believe the same scientists and engineers when we say Earth is a fuckin sphere.
How did corporate raiders boost share prices?
you look for a company that has low profits, but at the same time very good assets, like valuable patents, lots of company property, profitable subsidiaries or low amounts of debt. then you borrow money and buy a large share of this company. you can also convince other shareholders that your management decisions would be better for them. once you have gained control of the company, you split the company in a high value part with all the valuable assetts and a low value part with its core business and most of the employees. now you try to make as much money as you can by selling off these assets or taking out large loans with these assets as securities. then you pay this money out to the shareholders, which includes yourself. now the daily business side of the company will have to pay if it wants to use these assets, which it formerly used for free. because of this, the company will start to make losses, which is then the justification for lay-offs and pay cuts. the company will either get profitable again, or it will merge with a competitor, or it will simply go bankrupt. you don't really care about that, because you already got your money from its assets.
Could I see the stars from the suns surface? Why or why not?
generally no. the idea of the sun having a surface is a bit ambiguous, since its a giant ball of plasma and gas, but most intuitive conceptions of a surface start at the *photosphere*, as this is the layer at which the sun becomes opaque. above the photosphere is thousands of kilometers of much less dense material that would block incoming light from other stars. that said, anywhere that someone would think of as touching the sun would be so bright that you couldn't distinguish the light of distant stars from the light of the sun.
Why are banknotes used for large denominations of money, and coins for smaller amounts?
The reason why is prevention of counterfeiting.On a banknote, you can have holostamps, transparency layers, uv layers and whatnot. On a coin, you can only have it's shape and composition. If we had $100 coins, counterfeiters could mint a lot of perfect fake money. The reason why it's not done with the coins we have now is because they cost more to manufacture than their facial value. If you raise that value, then it becomes viable to make fake ones.1- if you have 1 milion in 100 paper bills you have 10 000 paper bills its about 10 kilo but in coins it would be much more so much more troublesome to move it around thats why there is more paper bills than coins even that coins have less value 2- its much easier to falsify mass made coin than paper bill so if you have cost of making coin similar to their value its kinda pointless to falsify itMuch of it is simply tradition. Back when coins were worth approximately the value of the metal they contained, it would be physically awkward to make and use very high denomination coins.
How do inch fractions work?
You've managed to find a very unusual Imperial ruler. The norm is for an inch to be divided into some power of 2 equal measures - generally 8, 16, or 32. It would be weird for an Imperial ruler to be divided into 20 equal measures per inch precisely because no one uses 0.05 of an inch as a measure.
Why do companies like Coke, McDonalds, and Walmart still spend money on big ads? People will buy there stuff anyways because they're so big so why?
I've tho8ght this for years. I think it's just because that's the way it's always been. I really believe companies like coke and McDonald's would have a bigger bottom line if they didn't spend billions on advertising. People seeing an ad and running to McDonalds might net them say a million dollars a year. But they're spending 2 billion in advertising. But then again, they gross something like 22 billion a year. So it's not much more than a drop in the bucket.
why do car radios and infotainment systems turn off for a few seconds when starting the engine?
The car disconnects most of the in-car systems while the engine is starting, because the starter motor in a car is the single most power-hungry component, so it needs everything the battery can give it for that second or two while the engine is cranking. While you've got the key in that third position, while the engine is being cranked, most other systems are disabled.
What is a pyramid/ponzi scheme?
Startling good rates of return, complicated business structure and secretive accounts are indicators of a Ponzi scheme. If it looks too good to be true it probably is and should be avoided. A Ponzi scheme uses the investor money to pay dividends back to the investors and hypes the amount of money being made by the company. Since the company seems to be doing well more people invest and therefore there is more money to pay dividends. Eventually however there isn't enough money coming in to pay everyone and it collapses - _URL_0_
Why is there a credit option when paying with debit card?
I get a cash back reward using my debit card as a credit transaction. I don't receive the reward when I use my pin.
Is there a practical reason for a car's driver to be on the side rather than the middle?
Overtaking someone is a pain if you are not seated at the same side as eveyone else. People driving a car that is build for right lane traffic in a left lane country or vice versa know that problem. You can't very well edge out to check omcomming traffic. Cars with seats in the middle suffer from the same problem. To a lesser extent, but that problem exists no matter the country you drive in. Any McLaren divers here that can confirm this?", 'When you’re trying to move into the passing lane on the highway how easy is it to see around a car or truck from the passenger seat? Is it any easier in the middle?', "Sitting on the side makes it easier to see what's going on when overtaking/merging. That's why the side the driver sits on varies depending on what side of the road though drive. Sweden hade left-hand drive cars while driving on the left. Thet decide a change would increase safety, so switched to driving on the right.
Why 10? What is the appeal of 10 base numbers that makes everything easier? Why couldn’t it be 8 numbers?
It is completely arbitrary, except we have ten fingers, so it made a natural sense to index at ten. The Egyptians counted the knuckles on their fingers with their thumbs, and therefore indexed at 12. That's why our clocks are split into two counts of twelve.It would, and many cultures in history used other bases. The main reason it is believed we use base 10 is because we have 10 fingers that we can count with.Look down at your hands. That's why base-10 became popular. However, you are correct. We could have base-8, base-12, or even base-60 and nothing would change.
why do gears multiply forces ?
Its because of two things. first, you can apply force with zero energy. This isn't intuitive. Humans mostly use energy to apply forces. If you push on a wall or hold yourself up on a chin up bar, you will start to fatigue. Your muscles usually expend energy to apply a force. But this is a limitation of human anatomy. Its not physics. If you attached a rope to your belt and tied the rope a chin-up bar, you could hang forever. The rope will never get tired. From the bars perspective nothing has changed. it still have 150-whatever pounds of force applied to it. If you compress a spring, you can use it to apply a force to a wall forever. The spring will never get tired. Even laying on the ground, you apply a force to the ground, and that takes no energy. gears work for the same reasons that levers work. A lever has 2 ends: left and right. Two levers tied together perpendicularly would have 4 ends: Left, right, top and bottom. Enough levers tied together is a gear. I can't explain more without pictures, but i hope this helps.
Why does hearing certain noises (such as nails on a chalk board or, for me at least, cardboard scraping against itself) cause bodily discomfort?
I did my final for a psychology class about this topic. Surprisingly, there's not a lot of results as to what triggers something in our brain to have a negative reaction. One of the studies I looked at hinted that the frequency range was a screech of a macaque monkey, this hints at some of our ancestors and what kind of screech they had. EDIT: here's a pdf to the study _URL_1_
The CEO of the company I work for just sold $1.2 million of his company stock. What does that usually mean?
Usually it means nothing. Senior executives often get much of their compensation in the form of stock options and stock grants, so he may simply beexercising options and/or converting the shares into cash for living expenses or to diversity their investment portfolio. Maybe he has a regular sale of shares set up , or maybe he's just doing some financial planning to free up cash for tax payments, to diversify his investments, buy a vacation house, etc. Even if he has full faith in the company, if his portfolio is too heavy in the company he might put himself and his family at financial risk if something happens to the industry, company, etc. CEO's and other senior executives have to abide by strict windows of when they can and cannot trade, so it is unlikely he is selling because he knows something negative about the company.
Why are people still using Handwritten Signatures to sign checks and contracts when it takes literally less than an hour to forge it?
Think of a check as a contract. You promise to pay the recipient the amount listed on the check. They can then take that check to a bank, who has already made arrangements with you and your bank to pull the money out of your accounts, as indicated on the check. Like a contract, forging someone else's signature is fraud. It's typically on the bank's responsibility to verify the validity of the check before executing the transaction. That's why banks will often sit on most of amount until all of the funds are cleared. If they let someone cash a fraudulent check, the law sees it as their fault, so they have to cover the loss. Banks can minimize their risk to fraud by increasing security in exchange for extra cost and a loss of convenience. There's fancy printing methods that make it so they are virtually impossible to copy or forge. Banks can require users to pre-register their checks via an app before they can be cashed. Users can keep the physical checks in a secure location instead of a wallet or glovebox. Frank Abagnale has some [great talks] on the security of our banking system. Ultimately, it always comes down to what cost and convenience users are willing to give up for security.
Why are eSports so much more popular in South Korea than other places?
An answer, is that they've had an NGO called the Korean E-Sports Association since the year 2000, whose main purpose is to make it into an official sport and to 'commercialize E-Sports in all sectors.' It's backed by several corporations and the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism. Another answer is that the Asian financial crisis in 1997 laid the groundwork for internet connectivity and leisure time to play games .
Why does a slightly hot shower feel like you are burning when it touches your skin, while a hot tub set at 102F feels comfortable when you get into it?
It is likely your 'slightly hot' shower is hotter than 102 F. Hot water heaters are recommended to be at least 120 F and be often up to 140 F. Typically tubs in your house, if newer construction, are required to have thermostatic mixing valves which have a maximum setting of ~115 F. Most shower valves have a adjustment of some sort that limits how hot you can turn the handle. & #x200B;
How can some states have zero income and/or sales tax?
Generally if they have no sales tax, they get the revenue from elsewhere. For example, Delaware has no sales tax, but there are a large number of tolled roads. So while the roads aren't supported from Sales tax, they are supported by the tolls to utilize them. Additionally there is still the issue of property taxes, vehicle registrations, etcetera.States tax other revenue. Alaska gets royalties from oil extraction. Florida and Nevada charge taxes on their large tourism industry, such as hotel room taxes.
Why does connecting an electrical circuit without an appliance on it cause fires/explosions?
Since a free wire connection means virtually no resistance and all connections in the house are in parallel, all the current that your house receives would flow through that wire which would cause it to overheat and melt, and would burn out it's cover and the house down with it
Why does exercise cause us to not be so depressed?
Your body has something called cyktokynes they're a bloodmarker/measure of inflammation in your blood, when you exercise your muscles use up these cytokynes in your muscles in order to repair micro trauma from exercise, this lowers the available cytokynes in your stomach that cause excessive anxiety, leading to overall decreased inflammation and anxiety, there is also an entire gut microbiome and vagus nerve that obviously has a lot to do with depression/mental states. there is also arising evidence that exercise increases natural levels of your endocannibinoid systems and gives you a natural high. & #x200B; [_URL_0_]
Why do electric ovens preheat so slowly, and yet electric kettles heat so quickly?
It's much harder to conduct heat into air than into water. The thermal conductivity of water is about 25 times as large as air. The heat capacity of water, on the other hand, is only about 4 times as large as air. That means if your heating element is at the same temperature, it will take about 6 times as long to heat up a comparable mass of air as of water. Fortunately for all of us who want to cook things, the density of air is only 0.12% as large as that of water -- but a typical oven might have a volume of 75 liters or so, versus maybe a liter for an electric kettle. If you do all the math out, you can find that to heat up just the air in the oven should take about the same amount of time as heating up the water in the electric kettle . But of course you're not just heating the air, are you? Your oven also has to heat up the walls of the oven to a point where they don't immediately suck all the heat out of the air -- and indeed, the thermal mass of all that cold steel is substantially larger than that of the air - dozens of times as large. Which is why it takes 10x as long or more to heat the oven.
How do life insurance companies stay in business?
Some life insurance simply has an expiration date when you cease to be covered. Renewable term has premiums that go up over time, and in late middle age the renewal premiums can skyrocket. Most life policies don't provide coverage after a certain age, often 65, 70, or 80. The vast majority of people who pay for life insurance **never** claim a benefit.
In what way is a salary better than a wage?
It's usually easier to plan. With a salary you know your minimum annual income ahead of time. So planning and budgeting for expenses, saving and treats is easier and more accurate. It gives a sense of security", 'If you have steady work hourly is better. I work 50 hours a week and get the same pay as if I worked 40.
Why not use a 600lb goalie in hockey?
Goalies need to be able to get back on their feet quick. Sure larger goalies may take up space, but if they go down they probably aren't so quick at getting up.
How does my phone track my steps?
A mechanical pedometer is easier to visualize. There is a weight on a spring. Every time you take a step it bounces and counts one step. The phone just does that electronically without any moving parts. I'm just annoyed that it mistakes my fairly vigorous ice skating for a very slow walk. Just not as much impact!
- Salt is supposed to be dehydrating, but electrolytes are salt too, and good for hydration? How does this work?
Wherever salt goes, water follows. If you're taking salt in, there is a retention of water in your system. If your body detects you have too much salt, the body will excrete it and the water will also follow.Salt is an essential electrolyte, but if you overdo it, your body needs to flush it out, leaving you dehydrated.
what’s a Credit score and do I need to care about it if I never plan on getting a loan or a credit card?
If you're planning on renting an apartment, buying or loaning a car, buying a house, opening a bank account, or starting a business, you should care about credit. Some jobs might care about your credit. Some spouses might too. It's a score that keeps track of if you repay your debts. If someone needs trust whether you can be trusted with money and pay the money you owe, they'll check your credit. A history of not paying your debts will cause people to not trust you in the future.
What stops an amputee’s bones from trying to regrow through the skin at the site of amputation?
Google epiphyseal plate. This is a thin band of cartilage where long bones grow longer. When you become an adult this cartilage turns into bone and you stop growing. So, as an adult your bones don't get longer. They sometimes get wider or thicker though. & #x200B; Humans have osteoblast cells and osteoclast cells. These don't make your bones longer but they keep your bones healthy by growing new bone or dissolving old or injured bone. These two heal broken bones. & #x200B; I'm not in medical school, just nursing school so don't know what kind of weird or unusual things can happen with amputations but normally bones don't grow back that have been amputated. You would need to manipulate stem cells like mesenchymal cells probably in a way science hasn't figured out yet to regrow limbs like a starfish can.At some point in fetal development you can divide the cells and make two, or take some away and it will grow back. Basically when it is a ball of cells. Cells get their cues on how to grow from the type, position and quantity of carbohydrate based structures floating in the cell membrane. The bone will knit to bone, if it is there.
I'm a left hander but I don't operate as one half of the time, what gives?
I've thought of myself as a self-imposed ambidextrous left-hander, but maybe my handedness is better explained as cross-dominance. As a tree climbing, rough and tumble tomboy, I taught myself to use my right-hand certain that I'd break the left any day . I can do almost anything with either hand, but not equally well. Like other people on this string, I prefer a right-handed mouse and number pad , but play most sports right-handed. Result - all my fine motor skills are better developed on the left side , but activities requiring brute strength are best done right-handed. I have a wicked right-handed golf and baseball swing, but must throw my curling stone, five pin bowling ball or launch my dog's ball left-handed.
The difference between Type 1 and 2 diabetes
In type 1 diabetes, the person is not producing insulin, or the insulin they do produce is defective. By injecting insulin, and carefully monitoring blood sugar, they can adapt to this. In type 2, the insulin is fine, but it isn't doing the job, normally because there is a big layer of fat absorbing and getting in the way of insulin metabolism. Type 2 is an aquired form of diabetes, where type 1 you are born with the disease . Type 2 is initially treated with diet control, and then medication control to support the mobilisation of insulin. Only in very severe cases is type 2 treated with insulin injections.The way I’ve been explaining it for years is: Type One Diabetes is an autoimmune disorder resulting IN the body’s inability to provide insulin. Type Two Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting FROM the body’s inability to produce insulinType 1: As a result of genetics. Type 2: As a result of diet choices. Other answers already have the actual reasons behind.
In severe diabetes cases how does removing a persons foot help manage their blood sugar, what does removing the foot do? and what causes that?
Amputation has nothing to do with managing the disease, it's that even minor abrasions and cuts heal extremely slowly and very often cause gangrene, especially on the peripheral such as feet", 'I think when a diabetic loses a foot it’s because of gangrene caused by the diabetes. Someone smarter than me can explain how gangrene happensAmputation isn’t a means of managing their diabetes per say. It’s a means of managing their cardiovascular health at that point. Chronic high blood sugar will restrict blood flow to the extremities eventually leading to tissue death. If a severely diabetic patient gets a wound on their leg, they have to be diligent with wound care because it can get infected quickly because there’s just limited blood flow.
Neutral Switzerland - how did they do it ?
Everyone praises Switzerland for their stance on neutrality but theres a flip side of that coin. These are the guys who would watch their neighbors countries burn and genocides happen without lifting a finger. Imagine you're being invaded by a nazi led army and the swiss are your other neighbor. No need to ask for help. You just know you're done.There's actually an interesting video about this exact topic in the youtube channel "today I found out" it can give you a hint about how they did it but not the full pictureCzechoslovakia was hated by Hitler, as he stated numerous times in his "Mein Kampf". So we would love to be neutral but alas, I suppose we are just a bit too vocalHow i understood it: they remained nice to everyone. Traded with everyone plus they sit on mountains which are a bi**h to conquer to simplify it extremly In the end they stored the money as well which was a good selling point for some Kind of peace too i guess. To this point everyone seems to refer to swiss as the "Bank of the world for the rich" Their army system seems kinds weird tho Switzerland was useful to the nazis. It can’t produce enough food to feed its population, so had to import it, but was surrounded by Axis-controlled countries. They controlled whether it ate or not. Trains regularly passed through "neutral" Switzerland between Italy and Germany, with few questions. Why bother to invade?
When scientists write "sunlight/certain chemical cause(s) DNA damage", what does it really mean?
Usually it means either that one or both strands of DNA can be broken, or that a DNA base can be changed into a different one. In the latter case, that's a mutation introduced directly. In the case of breakage, cells have ways to repair DNA, but sometimes it is repaired incorrectly, introducing a mutation as well. Most of the time, this won't affect offspring, because it only affects some cells. Cancer or cell death are more likely outcomes. If the cells that become sperm or ova are affected, that can be inherited as mutations, which can range from unnoticeable to severe .
While downhill, do cars consume more fuel while in neutral or while in gear with low revs?
When a manual car is in neutral it will always consume some fuel to keep the motor running no matter the angle of the ground it's traveling on. While it is in gear however the downhill can help keep the engine alive allowing the car to keep running while not consuming any fuel.
how does the population of China keep growing when they have a one-child policy? If two people replace themselves with just one person, shouldn’t the population be shrinking?
For starters, the one-child policy didn't mean you weren't legally allowed to have more than one child, it just imposed heavy financial penalties to discourage families from doing that. For instance, having a second child and subsequent children will incur a fine and reduction of tax benefits. In the extreme, it may even affect the parents' career progression as it is considered a detriment to China's population crisis. & nbsp; As a result, the policy was far more effective in urban areas and middle class groups where financial penalties had the greatest impact. In rural areas, the policy was much less effectively enforced, and childbirth could be hidden until revealed at a later date / false identification, which is probably the biggest factor to the continued positive growth rate . It was not uncommon to see rural households still raising 3-5 children. As China continued to develop and the urban/middle class demographic grew, the policy became significantly more effective as evidenced in the slowing down of population growth in the past two decades, until the point where the government saw fit to adjust the policy.
Why does the world's economy only grow at 3% (aprox)?
To get the world GDP growth rate, we do not average the GDP growth rate of each country weighted by how many seats they have in the UN general assembly. So the numerousness of the developing countries do not matter. Nor do we weight them by how many people each country has, so the populousness of them also doesn't matter. To assemble a year-over-year GDP growth rate from individual countries growth rates, you would weight each one by the countries prior-year GDP. The high growth rates of some developing countries doesn't lead to a high growth rate of the world, because those developing countries GDPs are small enough that they don't overwhelming leverage in the world stats. But they do have some leverage, and indeed the world growth rate is quite a bit higher than the developed-country-only growth rate
Why does touching both ends of a (D,AA,9V) battery not complete a circuit?
AA batteries have a small voltage while our skin has an incredibly high resistance. As such, the current that passes through the circuit is miniscual. A 9V battery has a larger voltage, but similarly, our skin is good at resisting it. However, if you lick it , the liquids on your tongue have a small resistance, and so you can get a shock from them. This is due to a larger current flowing through the newly created circuit. If your hands were wet; you might get a shock if you touch the terminals of the battery with them.It does, but even when soaked in salt water your skin has too high resistance for electrons to flow freely like they would through a copper wire. Worst case scenario, coated in salt water, thin skin, etc. etc. It takes something like 15V for electricity to get through the resistance in your skin, which is why bathroom electronics are limited to 12V and are still safe.It does. That's why it's dangerous to store them loose._URL_0_
Why haven't electric cars (particularly the Teslas with the full glass roof) implemented solar panels/charging on the roof?
> I know the solar probably won't generate enough power for a full charge, but seems like you'd be able to get enough on a sunny day to keep your charge level up while out and about. Nope, the math doesn't work out. Cars require more power than the sun shining on them can provide. The Tesla Model S uses about 19,000 watts of power when cruising at highway speeds. On average, solar panels generate about 12 watts per square meter, averaging over day and night, good weather and bad. If you figure you can put about two square meters of solar panels on the roof and hood of a Tesla, that'd give you enough power to drive for about 3 minutes a day.
Why does making a 3 degree difference in your homes thermostat feel like a huge change in temperature, but outdoors it feels like nothing?
I'm going to make this a bit simpler than the rest of the answers and say that it's mostly just because you're used to it. In our house the temperature changes between 16C/60F to 21C/70F depending on the time of the day, when the fireplace was last used, how cold it is outside and so on. I'm used to it and don't really notice much of a difference anymore. You're just used to the inside of your house being at a particular temperature and for a while it feels weird when it's something else than what you're used to.Outdoors you are wearing more clothes and are moving around, thus utilising your thermoregulatory system to a greater extent. At home you have fewer clothes on and move less, thus having less insulation and "producing" less of your own heat.In colder weather, when you're outdoors, you're typically dressed a lot warmer and you're typically active. Indoors, you tend to wear much less and you generally aren't moving around as much so the cold", 'Because it has to change the temperature of a whole closed environment, whereas outside there are a million variables and a temperature there is really just in the spot where the thermometer isConsidering the temperature on the outside varies by 10° during the day but your room temperature is pretty much the constant value you set on the thermostat meaning no fluctuations
How do film crews get in contact with big cartels and criminals and how are they allowed to not tell the police about gang’s location? Also how can they trust these criminals?
Police generally know who and where the bad guys are. It's not like it was a big secret that Al Capone was in charge of the Chicago mob and where he lived. But knowing something and having enough proof to convince a jury are two very different things.
Why does the square root of i = (1/square root of 2)(1+i)?
It was discovered that the following formula holds: e^ = cosƟ + isinƟ When Ɵ = π, this simplifies to: e^ = -1 If we then square root both sides, we get: e^ = i Then again: e^ = **√**i So now we have **√**i equal to *something* that we can manipulate, specifically using the formula back at the top, where Ɵ = π/4: **√**i = e^ = cos + isin = **√**1/2 + i**√**1/2 To get what you have, you can factor out the **√**1/2: **√**1/2 + i**√**1/2 = **√**1/2 = = Though I wouldn't consider that to be the typical presentation.
Does a high pitch sound really shatter glass? What is the explanation for this (if true)?
It isn't that it is high pitched, it is because it resonates with the object. Imagine a pool of water which you make a wave in at one side. The wave will move across the pool and bounce back from the other side. When it gets back to where it started it will be diminished, but imagine you make another wave in the same way. It will combine with the existing wave and the peak will get higher, the trough deeper. The same sort of thing can happen with the vibrations within objects, amplifying their strength. Certain frequencies of incoming waves then can be at the right timing to keep amplifying the waves within the object, increasing the flexing of the vibration. If they become powerful enough the object will break under the strain.
Why is it that a person with cold hands hands feel colder than the ambient temperature of the room. Or even colder than an inanimate object in the room.
Imaging sitting in a sauna. It's 100 degrees Celsius . It's hot but you manage to sit in there for 15min. Now imagine just putting your hand in some boiling water . Same temperature but you will scold yourself instantly. This is going from air temperature to liquid temperature. A hand would much more of a difference since it is a solid.Adding to the heat sensation aspect, hands may sometimes actually be colder than the environment. Our skin exhudes moisture, which when evaporates lowers surface temperature, potentially below the ambient. Hands have a large surface area compared to their mass, and they are also typically more exposed. This means more evaporation and more cooling. Our hands are kept warm primarily by blood flowing into them. However, when we get cold, blood vessels constrict to avoid excessive heat loss, such as through the limbs. This makes it possible, in some situations, for hands to actually be colder than the environment.
How come my dad (who is allergic to pollen) isnt allergic to honey?
Pollen and nectar aren't the same thing. Bees collect nectar and turn it into honey. Plants offer the nectar, which is expensive to make, because they know that when insects like bees collect it, they will accidentally get some pollen stuck to their body and transfer it to another flower when collecting that flower's nectar.