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train · 279k rows

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Why do we (men) get morning wood?	Basically, unlike what you might think, it actually takes a muscle to contract to be flaccid. An erection is the relaxed state. During sleep, the brain sends a certain hormone thing to your spinal cord to prevent you from moving things that aren't necessary . This causes most muscles to react, including the little fella that controls if you get a hardon.
what do insects do during the winter and how do they come back every spring and summer?	Some of them, having laid eggs that will not hatch/mature until spring, simply die. Others migrate. Butterflies are a common example. The rest hibernateThey live in trees or in houses. Basically wherever it is warm enough to survive the winter. Then they have babies and they repopulate and bug us again.
why was the spanish pavilion 1937 built	Spain was engulfed in a bitter civil war in 1937, and the Axis-backed nationalists were winning. With WWII looming and a micro version already playing out in Spain, there was a lot of anti-war sentiment in the artistic communityHave have you given up on The Google?
Can someone explain to me the monty hall dilemma? Why does switching doors give you a higher probability of winning?	Imagine you have 100 doors, and there is a prize behind one. You pick one door and then 98 others are opened. The prize is either behind your door, or the other one that is unopened. Should you switch? Absolutely, because you had a 1/100 shot of guessing right with your first pick, and a 99/100 chance if you switch. Its the same idea with 3 doors.When you make your first choice, you had a 1/3 chance of being right. and a 2/3 chance of being wrong. Choose a door A Possibilities: A is right Judge reveal B or C . Switching will lose you the game B is right Because you picked A, judge must reveal door C, so switching moves you to the correct door, B. C is right Because you picked A, the judge must reveal door B, so switching moves you to the correct door, C. If A was correct when you picked it but you switched, you lose. This occurs 1/3 of the time when choosing A If B OR C was correct when you picked A, but you switched, you win. This happens regardless of whether B or C was correct, so it happens in 2 of the 3 situations .
Why do antidepressants take several weeks to "kick in"?	After you take a drug, it starts getting eliminated from the body. When you take repeated doses before the drug is completely eliminated from your body, the concentration in your blood keeps increasing until you reach the desired "steady state", where there's a certain amount, and each time you take a dose, it replaces what had been lost between doses. The amount of time each particular drug takes to reach that steady state varies and is relative to it's half-life in the body. [There's a chart on this page that visualizes what's going on.]', "I don't really have an answer, but I had the opposite reaction. The first two weeks was this enormous relief on my anxiety. Now it is less noticeably working, but still working none the less.Antidepressants immediately "kick in". BUT, you may not notice it immediately. This is because they are similar to other medications in which it can take several doses to build up in your body.
How can we see the Milky Way if we are inside it?	We are on one of the spiral arms, about two-thirds of the way out. [This image] should do a good job of giving you an idea of where we are. When we "see the Milky Way", we're actually seeing the rest of it from our position in the galaxy. That is, we're seeing the centre. In that image I linked, imagine that you were looking upwards. You can see other spiral arms from the galaxy, but most of it is the star cluster at the centre. Edit: [Here] is a really great image of what the Milky Way "looks like" from Earth. You can see the very shape of the centre of the galaxy, as well as the edges stretching away either side. We are just part of its edge.We don't know for certain what the Milky Way looks like from the outside, the images we usually see are educated guesses and not the actual milky way
What is the historical rate of return from the stock market	Which market? I would suggest you google "index funds" to get a general idea. Generally, you get 5%-12% per decade.
if outerspace is a vacuum what stops it from sucking up our atmosphere?	The gravity of earth is stronger than the vacuum of space. One example of an element that is not, is helium. Its too light and after it has been released into the air, it rises and exits out atmosspere . The rest of the elements are too heavy ro escape without propulsion.> what stops it from sucking up our atmosphere? Vacuum doesn't suck. Rather, the pressurized environment wants to spread out into empty space. It can't easily do so, however, because earth's gravity holds it fairly well to the planet. Some amount of atmospheric gas does escape, but it's negligible compared to the whole.the vacuum of space only appears to "suck out" gasses due to the differential in air pressure between the vacuum and the pressurized environment. when the pressurized environment is no longer sealed, the concentration of air rushes into the vacuum to balance the concentration gradient. on earth, in order to be sucked into the vacuum of space, you must sustain a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s/s. our atmosphere has a weight. its 14.7 pounds. the mass of earth is so great that it keeps the 14.7 pounds of atmosphere stuck hovering over earth, just like your feet are stuck to the ground. you can get sucked into the vacuum too, as long as you can jump higher than 9.8 m/s/s
Why does China defend North Korea so often at the international level?	1. North Korea is already a huge humanitarian crisis, but collapse of the regime means that a huge portion of that becomes China's problem more or less immediately. Millions of North Koreans would flee into Northeastern China, which already has a large population of ethnically Korean citizens. Actually keeping these people alive after living their entire lives in the DPRK would be enormously expensive and a logistical nightmare. 2. China likes having North Korea as a buffer state. Regardless of who would take over the area that's currently North Korea in the event of a collapse, China likely winds up with a US-allied country on its border, if South Korea would reunited with the North . It would rather that didn't happen. They know how bad things are in the DPRK, but by nominally supporting the Kim regime, everything is contained, from China's perspective. The status quo is the least bad option, in China's view.
Why did the guitar become the go-to instrument for rock and the blues?	I think it's because the guitar, and it's variations, are one of the few instruments you can sing with while playing. Try doing that with a saxophone or violin. Adding on to that, it's a fairly easy instrument to learn and allows for easy of movement and performance, so its an easy fit.
Some ads say tooth enamel cannot be restored, but others claim their paste repairs it. Which is true?	Tooth enamel that's gone is gone forever. Softened tooth enamel however can be chemically hardened to prevent it from being eaten away by further acid erosion.
If energy can't be created or destroyed, what happens to the energy during radioactive decay?	The energy released comes from the nucleus undergoing a transition to a more energy efficient state. Since the new nucleus is more energy efficient, we'll end up with some spare energy. This is the energy that's released in form of radiation.
Why isnt there any "getting used to a medication dosage pills"	Some prescribers will indeed start a patient on a sub-therapeutic dose to make sure the drug is well-tolerated, and tablets are often scored to be cut in half if needed. For a drug like venlafaxine, slow dose increases are standard, as higher doses are more effective but many patients would have unacceptable nausea if they started at 225 mg. That said, first-line antidepressants are pretty well-tolerated at initial doses like 20 mg of citalopram or 150 of bupropion. Some side effects will lessen after days to weeks. When it's going to take several weeks already to assess the effect of the drug, and each office visit costs time and money, and more complex dosing instructions tend to cause errors, there's an argument for keeping directions simple and starting at the minimum effective dose. On the other end, discontinuation symptoms are indeed often reported with common antidepressants, especially when a higher dose has been taken for a longer time, when stopping or tapering abruptly, and in drugs with a shorter half-life like paroxetine. Fluoxetine and citalopram are actually available in liquid form, potentially allowing patients to taper off very gradually.The issue is that it requires a certain dosage to be effective. Taking 2mg will not have any desired effect or prepare you for the effects of a higher dosage and so on. So simply taking the full dosage and adjusting to the full strength more quickly over all is considered better. As for taking smaller increments when getting off of a medicine: it could potentially help with with an addiction if there is one, but you would have to be on each incremental stage for a long time. Compare to the fact that you would have to be paying for a dosage of medicine that is not having any helpful effect. Add the fact that quitting cold turkey will have you fully off the medicine quicker and the cons outweigh the pros.
When is it safe to open the microwave door?	The moment you open a microwave door it shuts off automatically. So it is safe to open the door any time as opening the door causes the microwave to cease operation.Thanks for your comments! I'll make sure to tell her she's paranoid next time I see her.
Why are some letters basically the same capital and lowercase (O, W, P) and some vastly different (G, E, Q)?	Our alphabet is derived from the Latin alphabet. The Upper case is essential the Latin. The lower case alphabet is derived from the Latin through an intermediate font called Carolinian minuscule. This is a smaller font derived from the Latin alphabet designed to be easy to read and quick to write. Changes were made to some letters to make it easier to distinquish themLower case started out as a sort of shorthand for formal upper case print, something a scribe could write down quickly then make an official copy later. Letters that take multiple strokes and letter than could easily be confused with other letters took on new forms with lower case.Simple answer: Because they're all based on cursive, not print. If you look at lower case letters, they are simply more flowing versions of their upper case counterpart, so actually not that different but end up that way in lowercase.After reading the comments, I haven't seen anyone point out that the terms "uppercase" and "lowercase" refer to literal cases. Drawers containing different versions of the letters, the lower case being more accessible due to the letters it contained being more frequently used, with the upper case letters being used less often. Does anyone know what the terms were before upper/lower case? I'm assuming "capital" was one of them.. On a related note, I heard a less tech savvy person refer to the @ sign as a "capital 2."
Tax brackets and how it affects tax returns	Your coworkers likely don't know how tax brackets work. That's unfortunately common. Here's a basic example of how they work and how your coworkers think they work. Let's say income between $0 and $50,000 is taxed at 20% and income over $50,000 is taxed at 30% - So if you earn $40,000 you will pay $8000 in income tax. - And if you earn $60,000 you will pay $13,000 in income tax. For the first $50,000 you'll pay $10,000 and for the next $10,000 you'll pay $3,000. However many people incorrectly believe they work like this: - Say you earn $49,000. You pay 20% tax on your income. - But if you work overtime and your total income becomes more than $50,000 you'll pay 30% on all your income. This is incorrect. You'll only pay 30% on the amount over $50,000. However you'll be amazed by the amount of people who think you pay the higher tax rate on all of your income and avoid working overtime or try not to get a raise because of it.
How does organic milk have a shelf life of 2+ months?	it's ultrapasteurized. pasteurization is basically where you heat some liquid up real hot to kill all the germs. the "ultra" is just a longer, hotter method of heating the liquid up to kill even more germs for even longer. if you're over 5, you can read the wikipedia article [here]
why does your body get really warm when you go indoors after being out in cold weather for some time	It has something to do with heat conduction. When you're in the cold, your body is literally losing heat to attempt to maintain your internal body temperature . Your skin becomes cold and your muscles start shivering to generate heat. Whwn a room is completely closed, heat starts building up slowly due to micro organisms and their anaerobic respiration, and if there are humans or other creatures in the enclosed space. Eventually, the room becomes warmer than the outdoors When you are cold and you enter the room, your body rushes to replenish the expended heat and starts absorbing heat from the room. Even though the heat may not be relatively "warm", it is higher than your current skin temperature and therefore feels warm . I hope my answer helped
Why does breathing into a bag help when hyperventilating?	When you hyperventilate your breathing pattern causes you to breath out too much carbon dioxide. If you breath in a closed environment the excess carbon dioxide you exhale will come right back into the lungs when you breath in the air again.
Why do Dryer Sheets work so well at negating Static Cling?	The dryer sheet has chemicals which are attracted to the electrically charged fibers; once a particle of fabric "clings" to a particle of the chemical, the two together have a neutral charge, so they won't cling to other fabric particles.The chemicals in dryer sheets act as a lubricant to keep the clothes from creating a static charge by rubbing together. This is why it's not recommended to use dryer sheets and fabric softeners when drying towels, socks, and other things that are supposed to be absorbent because it makes them not as absorbent
How did people in the Stone Age deal with diseases (viruses, bacteria, parasites)?	> How did people in the Stone Age deal with diseases and mental disorders? They either got over it, lived with it, or died. People died a lot back then. > Wouldn't they have died out at a certain time? Individuals did but overall they reproduced more. > Considering countries today are very developed and still thousands of people die out from a virus in developed countries how did people in the Stone Age cope? Wouldn't they all have died out? They didn't live nearly as close together back then. Even if an isolated tribe or family group caught some terrible sickness they would just all die and maybe never be found by other humans. This tended to weed out illnesses that were incredibly fatal and left those which were highly contagious but didn't actually kill their victims. Being too deadly would limit the survival potential of the illness itself.
If we don't know when Jesus was born how did Christmas become a celebration?	There are many December holidays that take place during this time, and December 25th was intentionally chosen to mimic them. Both to draw attention away from them, and make it easier for converts to switch over. Saturnalia, the Winter Solstice celebrations, and the birth day of Mithra, Mothers' Night, Yule, Yalda and Dies Natalis Solis Invicti are all in this same time frame and all pre-date Christianity.
What is a half-life?	Imagine you have a million pennies. Every hour, you flip them, and remove all the coins that come up tails. So after an hour, about half of them are gone, after two hours, 3/4th, etc. You don't know when any particular penny will come up tails, but with a little math, you make a pretty good guess at how many would be left after 12 hours. Radioactive atoms work in much the same way. After a certain amount of time, called a half life, 50% of the atoms will have decayed. It is a completely random event, so you can say which ones will decay, but looking at them as a group, you can predict how many will be left. So if an area was contaminated with, say, plutonium-242, it would take 270,000 years for half of that to decay, 540,000 for 3/4, etc. This sounds bad and it is but the longer the half life, the more slowly the radiation is released. Exposure to Pu-242 wouldn't be terribly dangerous, unless you accidently ingested it, in which case it would slowly deliver radiation to you as long as it was in your system.
Waist size vs pants size vs belt size.	There is no standard for sizing. It only is very roughly related to your actual waist size. For example, a Levis 501 in 34 waist will fit quite differently from a Levis 511. Across different brands, it is much worse. I suggest you find a particular pair of pants that fit you nicely, and get others in the same style. For example, Levis 511 comes in jeans and every imaginable color of chinos. With belts it's even worse since some brands measure it from tip to tip, some measure from Buckle to last hole, some brands measure it from buckle to middle hole, etc. You have to just try it on or find where they actually say their measuring method.Belts you usually do want a few inches longer so that you use a middle hole and not the last one so if you wore 34 pants then a 38 belt would probably be what you want. As for measuring your waist, it seems you're measuring incorrectly. There is usually some "grade inflation" but more along the lines of pants measuring 36" being labeled a 34, not a difference of 8"The "waist" of the body is a couple inches above the belly button because in a non-overweight person, that is the narrowest part of the torso . Pants use to come up to this "waist" line . Ergo, size 34 pants have to be larger than 34 inches around at the hips. With modern pants styling that only come up to the hips, size 34 pants are suppose to fit that same person so if you actually measure those size 34 pants, you'll discover the top of the pants are larger than 34 inches since they come to your hips.
Why a post will jump from 12000 upvotes to 7000, but OP only has 4600 link karma	I believe this is due to reddit sort of smearing the votes to prevents bots from upvoting a certain post to the front page[This] may help you understand why I am sort of unclear on it as well though.
Why can I control an erect penis with my muscles and not a flaccid one?	You're actually controlling muscles at the base. You can control it flaccid, it's just nit as noticeable because the lack of rigidity.
What's the deal with hot-wiring cars and how has it changed over time with advances in technology?	Traditionally cars operated on a pretty simple start up mechanism wherein a circuit was completed and the engine. As long as the circuit could be maintained then so could the car. This is actually still the primary principle however the safeguards to prevent a false start up are increased such as protecting from opening the starting mechanism; a two-trigger device wherein a device is located inside the key which communicated to the car that 'I am the real deal' while starting the engine; a more secure key-lock mechanism to prevent someone from just rigging it to turn; and more automated systems which detect when the car may be operated on under a false start . Hot wiring isn't really a thing in new cars as they are either too secure or their alarm signals when this happens making it impossible for a covert escape. It can still happen but it takes more skill than ramming a screwdriver in and turning.Saw a TV show where criminals stole a newer truck using a weird metal box computer of some sort, the alarm never even sounded.
what has happened to Cartoon Network?	That's a really good question. I feel like adult swim is the only thing keeping them around. Ive found myself watching Boomerang more and more lately because they have more variety like old cartoon network used to have.
Explain how percentiles work?	"Per cent" means out of 100. Suppose you have 100 apples, and you rank them from most fresh to most rotten. The freshest apples would be the top 10 percent , and the most rotten would be the bottom 10 percent .
The process that got the number "65 million", when it comes to dinosaur extinction, and why the process can be trusted.	The underlying science is based on dating various layers of rock found around the earth. ) Basically, scientists uses various methods to determine ranges for layers of rock that they find around the earth. These are then cross compared to come up with a basic timeline of large scale geographic events in earth's history. For the dinosaur extinction, basically the fossil record in layers older than 65 million years shows dinosaurs. Then there's a thin layer that has a lot of material that you'd expect to find in the event of a large meteor strike, and then there's no more dinosaurs above that layer
Historically, what happens to people of country X who live in country Y, when X and Y go to war?	Usually most civilians try to vacate. War is not always an overnight start, and people with a strong survival instinct try to book it. Otherwise they could have thier lives leveraged as a negotiation tactic, put in internment camps, or just plain be casualties of hate crimes. Thats just scratching the surface of what can go bad, without even looking into the regulr atrocities of war. The safest place to be of countries X and Y are at war is to find country Z to hang out in until its resolved. Going home to country X you could be treated as a spy, and you could get the same suspicion by staying in country Y. Being in an area about to erupt in a war when you are from the country about to attack is just dangerousThings get pretty rough when these scenarios happen. There is no cut and dry way to do things when this happens so its pretty much up to whoever is in charge. things range from Simply being forced to flee the country to civilians acting against the immigrants while cops look the other way to concentration camps. The best example of this would be the U.S during WWII. If you where German then you where hated by most Americans but you would likely go on with your life. If you where Japanese then you would likely end up in an interment camp for a while.Generally [absolutely nothing good]. Although Internment is an extreme recent example, it should be noted that generally there is certainly hostility among a population to recent immigrants of countries that are waging war amongst the country they've immigrated to. Sometimes in Eastern countries it results in the complete invalidation of property rights, exile, mob style lynchings, etc. But in the west it's generally mitigated in recent years purely to paranoia and distrust.
Why do we want to survive?	This question is sort of breaking into the realm of philosophy, but from the standpoint of natural selection, organisms with a natural impetus to survive are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those traits onto their offspring. It's just as true for humans as it is for any other living thing.
How do coroners identify a body during an autopsy?	If police series are relatively accurate, there are a few ways this can happen. 1) The body has some sort of identification on them 2) Using specific body traits, like dental records, fingerprints, DNA, traceable implants, But these require them being in a database.3) Someone recognised the victim 4) Comparing a picture of the victims face with a database
In games like Fallout and Skyrim ; why does fast travel always work outside but not once I go inside a building?	To prevent you from going into a dungeon, completing the quest objective, and fast travelling out of there. It means you have to complete the dungeon before leaving. Add to that the fact that all the game checks for is a flag on the cell/module that says it's indoors, and you also can't travel from Breezehome to Dragonsreach without schlepping all the way up there on foot.
Why is subtraction so much more difficult than addition?	Psychologically, we are "programmed" to accumulate rather than divest. As such, we start with accumulating and then learn to take away. Algorithmically, i.e., arithmetically, there is no difference.I scrounged up a few theories online as to why this is. The general consensus is that partly due to our natural inclinations and partly due to the constrictions of the ways the problems are taught and worded, children have difficulty conseptualizing subtraction. First as to why other arithmetic functions are naturally easier. It makes more sense for people to know how to divide and add than to subtract. If you need to divide something up among a group, division skills are quite valuable. In order to count numbers larger than 10 , you need to know how to count, and therefore add. Multiplication is inverted division and a repeated form of addition, and as a result it is fairly simple for people to understand multiplication. As far as subtraction goes, in practical use, it makes sense for a problem to be about the difference between two numbers. For example, if I have 10 and need 16 of something, then I need 6 more of it. However, a subtraction problem is often phrased as a "taking away" problem, so I have 16 and remove 6, then I get 10. This means that you have to be able to count down while remembering the number you are counting down by. As we learn to add first, this can be very confusing. In short, the common approach to subtracting as taking x away from y is counterintuitive. It makes more sense to think of subtraction problems as finding the difference between two numbers.Wouldn't this be an individual preference type thing?I find subtraction easier for example.
How does your tongue heal automatically after it gets burnt from hot food?	Heals automatically it takes me 2-3 days for my tounge to stop hurting when it gets burnedYour entire body heals after an injury. Your tongue is no different, the body has mechanisms in place to heal damageIt takes blood to heal things. Your tongue has a lot of blood in it, which helps it heal fasterAre there parts of your body you have to manually heal?
How comes games for consoles lack mod support that their pc versions have?	Modding a game generally goes against the policies that developers have to agree to to get their games on the console. Making a game moddable generally opens up possibilities for exploits that enable piracy and unwanted use of the system. On top of that, games for consoles are very streamlined and made to be perfect on that system. They have to be like this since consoles lack the raw power of a PC. They need to cut corners, compress, optimize in order to run right. If you add in all of these mods that aren't made to run perfectly on one console, you're going to end up with a very sluggish and broken game very quickly.
Why didn't coffee evolve the same way as tea, with everyone using little one-use bags of grinds just like tea?	Yes, it is a taste issue, but coffee bags do exist. They're just not as good as other methods of coffee making, although they are better than instant.Coffee requires hotter water to brew properly in a reasonable amount of time. Water poured into a cup with a bag will quickly cool well below that temperature. Tea brews decently at a more moderate temperature.
Can charge from lightning rods be converted to usable electricity, and if so why don't we do it (that I've heard of)?	The main problem with lightning is that it happens so quickly. A bolt of lightning can strike and transfer all of its energy in mere fractions of a second and then it's over. We currently don't have any technology that can effectively capture that kind of power in that short amount of time. Each bolt carries with it enough energy to power a single 100-watt light bulb for about 6 hours. Additionally, lightning is too sporadic and infrequent to provide a reliable source of power.
Why is it illegal to feed or provide necessities to the homeless in certain areas/states/cities?	It's not like it's against the law to give your leftovers to a beggar when you leave a restaurant. What's illegal is setting up a large-scale food distribution scheme and going around feeding dozens/hundreds of people without getting food service permits. Once you start feeding large numbers of people, you're expected to have the same licences and sanitation standards as a restaurant.
Why do people learn differently, i.e, by hearing, by visual, and by touching?	They don't. It's just an old myth. > There have been systematic studies of the effectiveness of learning styles that have consistently found either no evidence or very weak evidence to support the hypothesis that matching or “meshing” material in the appropriate format to an individual’s learning style is selectively more effective for educational attainment. Students will improve if they think about how they learn but not because material is matched to their supposed learning style. _URL_0_
When you get tan/sunburnt, why do you mainly peel on your shoulders and rarely your legs?	Because your shoulders are more aimed towards the sun than your legs, which are kind of at an angle, and soak up a greater proportion of UV rays. If you laid on your back all day facing the sun, your legs and chest would then burn a lot more than your shoulders would. Imagine pointing a torch straight down at the ground, and then pointing it in front of you. Right under you is your shoulders, your legs are off in front of you, and the torch is acting as the sun. It's a lot brighter when it's not spread out more.
Christmas. How did it originate and how did it come to be what it is today?	Many cultures have 'winter solstice' festivals in and around the 25th of December. This was because days were short and dark, as little as 5 hours between sun rise and sun set in some northern Scandinavian capitals So the cheer themselves up around the time of the shortest say they would get together, have a party, exchange gifts, etc. Later Christianity became the dominant religion and pagan festivals could no longer be tolerated, so a story was created about the birth of Christ. However many of the trappings of the pagan festivals can still be seen. Evergreen tree to remember even in deep winter plants can survive. Mistletoe and holly to ward of spirits. And so on. Each of the main countries that had these festivals had a 'character' to go along with them, Saint Nicholas, sinterklaas, Father Christmas, and so on. When immigrants went to the US there needed to be someway of amalgamating these disparate elements. So gradually over time, the elements of 'German Christmas' 'British Christmas' and so on all blended together into the modern day incarnation, and Santa Claus was born to play the character in this new version. Shoes filled with candy were replaced with stockings over the fire place, candles mounted on ever green trees were replaced with the far more sensible electric lights. You can actually still see elements of the old characters in Santa Claus, both because of the name and also because if you call him 'St. Nick' or 'Father Christmas' people know who you are talking about despite these figures being different and pre-dating him. Eventually the US became the dominant cultural force and exported its version of Christmas back to Europe.
Why does my car have a spare tire, but not a spare battery?	Your spare battery would go dead as well. You can't have a spare car battery sitting in a car for years without it dying while a spare tire will last a long time without compromise
;Why is it so easy to doze off during the day after(or at) work or class,but downright impossible at night?	Probably because you have the variation your PER1 gene expression that makes you a night owl rather than early bird / day lark. In prehistoric times, you would have been the one of the people watching over the village at night, keeping your family safe from predators. Unfortunately modern society was set up by a bunch of prudes that thought nocturnal activity was inherently wrong, and so the 9-5 working day became enshrined as the normal/healthy time to be awake and alert.
Reddit, where do streams and torrents come from?	Streams come from a respective central source like youtube or the website involved in the streaming, IE there is a central source hosting the material Torrents are a different story. Torrents are decentralized controlled by the peers who are sharing them. Websites like the pirate bay are middle men who give you access to the links that give you the correct "address" to download on the peer network for the file you want. As the torrent is initially downloaded in pieces the people downloading it make those pieces available to the rest of the network and then the original centralized download from an initial source slowly becomes decentralized over the network to the point where multiple people have copies that they are sharing to other users. It requires an initial person to make the torrent file and make it available on the network, but after a few hours of availability other people download it and make it available under the same file handle which decentralizes where the file is actually coming from. Why is because people like getting stuff.
How does it work when someone wins a new home from a television show?	They will probably end up having to sell the home. Since they didn't pay for the home, and instead received it as a gift, the home is considered income. If the home is worth 250k dollars, then they owe taxes on all of that which is about 57k dollars for a married couple, before deductions and other income is taken into account. If they pay the taxes, they will be on the hook for all bills associated with home going forward", 'There is no one way this works. The program that is giving away a house can set whatever terms they like. Note that just giving away a house to a needy family won't provide them with a place to live. They would have to pay taxes on the house, and if you can't afford housing, you can't affor the $100K taxes on the $250K house you just won. You 'd have to sell it, and use the equity to get a smaller house or to pay rent. And that is before you start worrying about all the other expenses. Some shows might not care, they just want the shots of the tearful family seeing "their" house for the first time. A more responsible show would pay the bills for the first few months, and find a way to either pay the taxes, or structure the transfer to make it easier on the family. Regardless of how it was done, there will be a point where the family takes over all the expenses.
Why aren't half dollar and dollar coins in greater circulation in the US, and why don't we have larger coin denominations in general (i.e. a $2 coin)?	No one I know likes to carry around coins, especially 20 dollars worth of larger dollar-sized coins. Bills are lighter and take up less space.The $1 coins were going into circulation for awhile there, but a) people would keep/collect them and b) businesses wouldn't have an efficient system in place for counting/categorizing them when counting down the till/making deposits. The only place I ever really saw them used was a postage stamp vending machine. If you put in $20 for a couple stamps, you would get all $1 coins in return. I actually felt kind of bad spending them because it seemed like it confused people working at cafes and stores, and that nobody really wanted them. Eventually I took a bunch of them to a bank and traded them in for bigger bills.
Why do prisms split apart the different colors of light, but lenses don't?	Lenses do too. The phenomenon is called chromatic aberration. Good lenses, like camera lenses, have corrective doublet elements glued to them to compensate for the effect. If you have high index eyeglasses, you can see the effect by looking at a thick black line on white paper. It will be blue on one side and red on the other.
Why Should I Inhale and Exhale at Certain Points While Doing Abdominal Exercises?	Some ab exercises tend to force are in or out of your lungs, so it is important to find the right point in the exercise to breath, so your diaphragm and your other muscles aren't fighting each other. Also, breathing at the same point in the exercise make it easier to maintain proper form this is true for all exercise, but especially true for ab work.
Why is charging foreign customers up to twice as much for a product, like apple an wacom do, legal and not discrimination?	In the case of market segmentation, which is what you are actually asking about, a company has chosen to charge more to foreign markets. They likely did this based on projected or actual import and shipping costs, local laws, taxes, tariffs, currency values, or simply that they felt like it. It is not "discrimination" as you put it, because this type of discrimination is not unlawful. They are simply choosing to charge a different amount to everyone within your market. Discrimination is the act of choosing one over another. Despite the word being thrown around as though it's a "bad" thing, it has a simple and logical meaning. Unless you could make a case that this company is charging you more for a product simply because of your race or color or religious affiliation or sexual preferences, then they are doing nothing illegal at least in the USA. If you happen to live in a nation where these things are not subject anti-discrimination laws, then it's possible they may even decide to charge you more because you're a minority or because you are gay. Though I suspect doing this would not make this company many friends.
How does my car radio can display the song that it's currently being broadcasting.	It uses the [Radio Data System ]. Basically the data is intermixed with the other data on the signal, but the radio knows how to read it and display it to you.
Why would a drug dealer mix a powerful opioid and deadly drug (fentanyl) with heroin, rather than a weaker substance, knowing that it could negatively impact future business?	Because it's extremely addictive and powerful so will give the impression that their product is much better value. If you find a heroin dealer selling the same amount at about the same price, and it seems much stronger, of course that's what people will keep going back to. As if heroin wasn't already strong and addictive enough as it is.
Why does the word 'unisex' mean both sexes?	From what I read from Oxford, it's not "uni" meaning "one," it's uni as short for universal .
Why didn't our taste buds evolve to make healthy foods taste good?	fatty foods are high in calories. you need ALOT of calories to survive. you need relatively few vitamins to survive.Keep in mind that agriculture and all of recorded history are a drop in the bucket compared to the age of our species. We've only been farming about 12 thousand years, but have anatomically modern humans for about 200 thousand. For the first 94% of human history we lived as nomad hunters and gatherers, and having enough food to simply stay alive was among our highest priorities. In that context, it makes perfect sense that energy-dense high fat and high sugar foods would be more appealing, since every calorie mattered! What happened since then is as we got smarter we learned how to create an excess of food, the complete opposite of what we evolved to deal with - so it should be no surprise that the same traits that kept us alive now give us unique problems in our new environment.
Why is the shower curtain rod in hotels bowed out?	Because shower curtains tend to get pulled inward when you're taking a shower thanks to the hot air inside the shower rising and creating a zone of reduced pressure. To keep the curtain from getting annoyingly close, the rod is bowed outward.To give you a little more room without having to buy a bigger shower. You can buy the curved rods for home use also. Pro tip- make sure it is level when installing it otherwise it will all bunch up in the middle
Why does citrus taste so bad after brushing my teeth?	You tongue can detect different tastes. It detects salty, sweet, sour, bitter and umami. When you brush your teeth, the toothpaste becomes foamy. The foam is made by a chemical called sodium lauryl sulphate . SLS makes lots of foam and bubbles that make your teeth feel clean. SLS makes your sweet taste buds stop working so well. SLS also destroys fats that block your bitter taste buds. SLS hides the sweetness of orange juice and makes it taste bitterer. That's why it tastes horrible after brushing your teeth. SLS is in most toothpastes.
why is a guitar never in tune?	Different strings sound different even if they're perfectly in tune, which may be contributing to the "out of tune-ness." The timbre doesn't match between strings even if the pitch is the exact same. Other complications can arise when you're fretting, because even if the strings are set to the correct tuning when open, they can be off when you actually fret the notes. If you're curious, get an electric tuner, tune an open string, and then check how in-tune each fret is; in most cases, they'll be slightly off. This happens because the neck isn't perfectly aligned. If it's really bad, a luthier can fix this for you. You can also get things slightly out of tune by fretting too hard or too soft. You can get a wider range of pitch than you 'd expect simply by pressing down harder on the fret, which lots of guitarists use as a vibrato technique. A well-made and well-maintained guitar in the hands of a competent player should be "perfectly" in tune, or at least tuned well enough that anyone with normal ears can't pick up on it.Because there's a lot of rounding involved in [tempered scales] and the [placement of frets]. Even with a fixed bridge, and even after accounting for changes in tension on the neck, and even at constant temperature and humidity , your guitar will not produce an exact, in-tune note at every position on every string. Tuning to a quality digital tuner can be the best solution, but if you want to do [something more nuanced] than that, then you can make slight adjustments based on your style of play . Edit: some links
With a nuke, how is it possible that so much energy can come out of something that small?	Nuclear weapons mostly work on the principle of fission. A heavy element is forced to lose some of it's subatomic particles and become different types of atoms. Atoms are made up of three types of subatomic particles, protons , neutrons and electrons . These three types of atoms are held together by one of the four Fundimental Forces of the universe: the Strong Atomic force. Because fission is ripping apart atoms, the energy of the Strong force is partially where the energy from nuclear fission comes from. As well as other forms of matter, such as gamma waves, which are deadly to humans. In a simplistic way: Imagine you've got a big bag of potato chips . That is a whole atom. You tear the bag open, and potato chips fly across the room, some shattering into smaller chips. The energy is the force required to split open the bag and results in the movement of the atoms, or chips, across a space with a lot of momentum . This may help: _URL_0_ Note that Nuclear Fusion is also used for nuclear weapons but they were not the nukes dropped in the only combat Nuclear Bombing .
Why does a beer explode when I slam a glass bottle on top of another bottle?	Well, all the air inside forms bubbles, which move to the edge of the bottle then float upwards. When you hit the bottle with a another, it vibrates the glass, and the pressure pushes all the bubbles towards the middle. Because so many are pushed together they are forced both up and down, but obviously there's glass at the bottom, so the only way is up.
How come dogs shiver even though when you cuddle with them, they're super warm?	My parents' poodle has had the shakes before -- the vet said it was because he was really anxious and stressed out. This happened while my parents were on vacation and I was dog-sitting. My friend had a dog - I think a terrier - and when he got older, he started to shake/tremble whenever he was sitting . The vet told the family it was just old age & nothing to worry about.
Why don't we have cones at high concentrations throughout our whole retina, not just the fovea?	Because evolution isn't out to make a perfect biological machine. Only make a biological machine that works for the pressures put against it right now. It it figuratively the kid who doesn't want to be in school doing just barely enough work to get that D and pass the class.
Why doesn't the FBI (or any criminal investigative service) immediately shut down any illegal streaming service (or pirating) upon finding it?	Most of the time these sites originate outside of the US, therefore outside their jurisdictional areaServers can be hosted all over the world. And the FBI only has jurisdiction in the United States. Sometimes they keep it up to try to find members of the website, gathering evidence that way.
Why do zits seemingly only appear on your face or upper torso?	Acne more often affects skin with a greater number of oil glands ; these areas include the face, the upper part of the chest, and the back. You have much more sebaceous glands on your face than on the rest of your body. Hope that helps!
Why do things physically hurt more when we are cold?	Your body is filed with thermoreceptors to detect the temperature. You have 2 main thermoreceptors for cold: regular cold thermoreceptors and extreme cold thermoreceptors. The second one, extreme cold, sends pain signals to your brain. So when it's cold and something hurts you, your brain is getting 2 different pain signals that compound with each other
How does this phone holder for your car not break your phone?	There are two electronics components that are sensitive to magnets: cathode ray tube screens and hard drives. Your phone does not have either of those- it has an LED or LCD screen instead of a CRT and uses flash memory instead of a hard drive. With credit cards, the magnetic strip will get messed up with a strong magnet, but the chip that more places are switching to using will not be impacted by a magnet. The magnet on the case probably isn't strong enough to mess up the credit cards, especially with the metal plate between the cards and the magnet, but I'd probably avoid it just to be safe.
Why is it racist to make decisions based on race when it can be a good predictor of outcome/behavior?	I knew some white people who had foster kids and their son got taken away for child molestation. So maybe you shouldn't go with the white babysitter guy.
What's the deal with "laces in"?	It's from the movie 'Ace Ventura: Pet Detective' where a shamed former kicker who missed a game-winning field goal placed the blame on the star-QB/kick-holder because he didn't rotate the ball to be 'laces out' . The idea is that kicking the laced area may affect the trajectory/path/rotation/distance of a kick because it isn't as smooth as the rest of the ball. The preferred area for a place kicker to kick the ball is on the smooth portion of the football.
Why does our atmosphere appear blue from earth in sunlight, but when earth is viewed from space also in sunlight, it's clear/invisible?	The sky appears blue from inside our atmosphere because the light refracts . The blue part of the light bounces around more, so that's what we see.From the outside however, we're seeing the light that is reflected, not refracted. It is a subtle difference, but basically it doesn't bounce around and therefore we see clearly.
What is integral spin/half-integral spin and what's the difference	Integer, not integral. You've probably heard of angular momentum; it's the rotational version of the momentum you encounter I'm everyday life. In classical physics, this is based on the fact that different parts of an object are moving in different ways. Imagine a carousel. At any time, two points on opposite sides are moving in opposite directions. This doesn't work for fundamental particles, because they are essentially points -- they don't have different parts in different places. Instead, their angular momentum is defined differently, and for most particles, has a part that's a fundamental part of it, just like electric charge. This fundamental part of angular momentum is called spin, and it can be one of two things: an integer , or a half integer . This defines the difference between bosons and fermions. Fermions, with half-integer spin, are subject to the exclusion principle. No two of them can be in the same state, in the same system. This is why atoms have a limited number of electrons in one shell: there are only a few distinct states an electron can occupy. Bosons with integer spin, on the other hand, can share states. You can totally have a soup of photons, gluons, etc. that all occupy the same state in the same system. Hope this helps. You might get a better explanation in /r/AskPhysics
Why do women moan/scream during sex?	It’s a release. A letting go. Just like crying or laughing or any other release of an emotion. It’s possible but not usual to silently laugh or cry, just like it’s possible but not usual to be silent during orgasm.
Why didn't the U.S. include the release of prisoners in the new nuclear deal with Iran	Because that would have given leverage to Iran. By taking more prisoners and negotiating for their release too, they could have tried to extract more favorable terms in other parts of the agreement. By not including prisoner release as part of the negotiations, the U.S. removed that potential negotiating card for them to play, forcing them to negotiate only on nuclear research and sanctions and nothing else.Because there would have been no deal. A deal that reached beyond strictly being concerned with the nuclear deal was simply not possible. The other P5+1 participants aren't interested in keeping up sanctions on Iran because of Hezbollah or Americans held in Tehran.
Why does cold water feel way more FREEZING than it actually is when I'm chewing minty gum?	The receptors that sense cold are partially activated by chemicals in the mint, and respond as though they're feeling a chill when you hit them with something cold as well - they get a double whammy and it feels absolutely freezing.
The downsides of working out while drunk	- If we count the "hold-my-beer idiot risks" as bad decisions leading to injury, being drunk also affects your muscle coordination which may result in injuring yourself even when you're doing your normal exercise routine. - Alcohol is a diuretic which means it makes you pee out more water and electrolytes, causing dehydration . Exercise also causes dehydration. Combined, it means you will wear out much faster since your muscles won't have enough water or electrolytes. Sure you can hydrate yourself but you will have to hydrate even more than you usually do. - If alcohol didn't have it's nasty side effects, it would be a very effective painkiller. This means that when you're exercising, you could be overexerting yourself because you don't feel the normal pain response. This could offset how much you actually gain from your workout or lead to injury.
Who do most of our "traditional" Christmas songs, images and TV/movies come from the 1940s to the 1960s?	Here's my opinion on this, I have no expertise in it though. By the way, this idea is directly plagiarized from [xkcd]. [Baby Boomers] grew up with those things and there are currently a lot of Baby Boomers. Also , if you look at the current age and buying power of Baby Boomer's, they are really the perfect target demographic if you're trying to decide what music to play during Christmas shopping time at Macy's to get people in a nostalgic, warm-and-fuzzy, Christmas shopping mood.
How does Humble Bundle make money when they have discounts that cost them hundreds of dollars each sale, and only make a percentage of the discounted sale?	It helps a lot that they aren't selling a physical product. Really cuts down on the cost per unit. No materials, no production cost. Just licensing and server costs . So to say that it's 'costing hundreds' isn't accurate, they're almost certainly not dropping the price below cost, even though to us consumers, it seems like a crazy discount.
Why do the hurricanes "curve" when they get close to Florida instead of just continuing straight?	Air currents 'push' the hurricane one way or another, in my comment below you will see a pretty interesting site.
The origin & evolution of Black, Asian & European "races"	That is a loaded question with a multitude of heavy answers, but I will just give you a small brief to tide you over. The common consensuses in the study of human origins is that the modern human came from Africa. The reason for the varied skin tones, bone structure, and genetic dispositions is due to adapting to new environments when modern humans started to explore and settle in new lands. For example: The "European race" typically depicted as fair skinned, long noses, and light hair; adapted this way to accommodate the cold weather, high elevations, and general northern hemispheric conditions. Over thousands of years in northern lands with significantly less sun, melanin production started to decrease to allow the suns rays to penetrate the skin and stimulate the production of vitamin D. Where as in Africa, exposure to the sun is extreme and the large amounts of melanin in the skin provides a natural sunscreen to overexposure to Ultra Violet radiation. It is adaptive mutations like these that changed the relative appearance and genetic differences in pockets of human settlements. Now as for the term race This is a combination of so many things, far too many to get into Like you said, it's more of a social construct rather than one from a scientific standpoint. Long story short, the dominance of a particular region of humans allows that group to assert their views more aggressively. The deliberate categorization and segregation of humanity by dominate groups creates an environment in favor of said groups. As history and the human need for attention have shown us, we will act out against each other just to be kings of the playground. I wish we could all just sit nicely and drink our juice boxes together!
"66% of black people are on welfare and are the majority of the welfare receivers"	I don't know where the quote is from. Its source may provide some insights on whether you should trust whoever said it. According to the link you provided, assuming it's accurate, nearly 40% of welfare recipients are black. This is less than half, so it does not match up with the quote's assertion that they are the majority of welfare recipients. Perhaps it could mean the amount of dollars received through welfare, but the stats you provided don't provide that information. As for the 66% statistic, that also doesn't match up with the data you provided. The numbers you provided suggest that 39.8% of 11.4 million recipients are black. Multiply those together and you get 4.5 million people. I looked up the total population of black Americans and it seems to be around 40 million. Multiply that by 66% and that comes out to about 26 million. 26 million is a lot larger than 4.5 million. Therefore, based on the statistics you provided, along with a figure I found on America's black population, the percentage of black people on welfare is nowhere near 66%.
How do cancerous cells affect and make the surrounding cells cancerous as well?	A cancerous cell can produce exosomes, little packages of cancer proteins, DNA and RNA, these exosomes float around the body through lymph and blood vessels and they are be accidentally swallowed by healthy cells elsewhere in the body. And these cancerous proteins/functional RNA can possibly shut down the tumour inhibiting proteins in the healthy cell, making them more likely to turn malignant. Another way for cancer to propagate is by having cancer cells from the original tumour can break off, they float into the lymph vessels, travel to another part of the body and establish a satellite cancer tumour elsewhere. That's how cancer metastasize. ED to incorporate current science.
How do medications know to target specific parts of the body?	It doesn't know at all. Medicines are designed to bind to specific cells. They are distributed throughout the body in the bloodstream but only affect the areas they are designed to.
why do camera lenses need so many elements? Why can't they just bend the light with one piece of glass?	All the lenses allow it to be adjusted to zoom in and out, as well as focus at a specific distance
Why doesn't the U.S. get rid of the penny?	People are very reluctant to accept and generally dislike changeI think the real question here is- why is the nickel so much larger than a dime when the nickel is only worth half as much?', "Several reasons: * Historical inertia. The penny has literally existed since the founding of the America and before. The Lincoln penny we're all so familiar with began life in 1909. Generations of American's have lived and died while the Lincoln penny circulated. Plus it features one of the greatest Presidents, and it might be seen as disrespectful to retire currency featuring Lincoln.* Legislative inertia, partly caused by * The powerful Zinc Lobby. This [Fortune] article discusses it briefly.* In a base 10 counting system, removing the penny would remove the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 from everyday transactions, leaving only 0 and 5. This would necessitate merchants to round to the nearest 0 or 5. It seems unlikely that they would round in the consumers favor. The amount lost by the consumer to rounding is debatable, but probably negligible. [THIS] Canadian man spent a year keeping track, and ended 89 cents up. [Wikipedia] article summing up both pro and cons to discontinuing the penny.In any case, [CPG Grey has an excellent video] on why the penny should be abolished. In it he gives some of the reasons people want to keep the penny, and tries to shoot them downIllinois will never let that happen unless they put Lincoln on the nicklebeen great here in canada since we got rid of em :D', "a penny gets spent more than once in its life. the question of its value isn't what its worth, per se, but how much revenue it facilitates. another eli5 with a faulty premise.
What causes a drop of water on a phone screen to magnify the text underneath?	Light is refracted when it travels from one medium to another. The light from the screen is refracted by the water droplet and therefore appears bigger to your eyes. More information on how light acts here: _URL_0_
If sand is eroded rock, why does melting rock give you lava, but melting sand give you glass.	Geologist here! Let me see if I can help: Rock is made of of many different minerals like quartz, calcium carbonate, mica, biotite, feldspar, and many many others. Glass and sand are both composed of the same mineral - quartz , though commercial glass has additives to color it or help make it stronger. Volcanic lava can have many different minerals in it. Sometimes the lava is made up of mostly quartz and if it cools really fast it becomes the rock known as obsidian. So, if you follow the rock cycle, the lava cools to obsidian, gets eroded to quartz sand, then gets cemented into sandstone with time and pressure. That rock may eventually be subducted back into the earth's crust and re-melted. It can then be ejected from a volcano or other hot spot to create a new rock! What type of rock will again depend on the minerals present.
Why galaxies are such perfect spirals, and brighter in the middle?	To expand on what /u/xitssammi wrote: "Perfect" isn't the right word to use. Sure, some galaxies look like spirals , but they are far from perfect. The maths is somewhat analogous to a traffic-jam, in a weird way. An individual car can move from the \'beginning\', to the \'end\', and eventually \'out\' of the traffic jam, but if you were to look at it from above, everything looks still, and the jam itself doesn't appear to move. In a galaxy, rocks and gas and dust are constantly moving in and out of the arms of the spiral. Close up, it would like like a royal mess. But the gravity is strong enough that it can keep a \'general shape\' to it, and so when we look at pictures from many light years away, it appears to be a nice, tidy spiral.It is theorized that there is a super massive black hole at the center of each galaxy. A black hole has an immense amount of gravity, due to their density. In fact, black holes tend to shine because of the amount of light and dust attracted to it. So although the hole itself is black because of the light being sucked into it, the light it's sucking is surrounding it, giving it an illusion of a shine. The reason that it isn't all sucked in is that the planets are rotating around the black hole at a high velocity. TLDR: perfect spiral: black hole's gravity causing everything to circle around itLight: light being sucked in by black hole Because it isn't very proven, this is just a theory. It's better explained in Stephen Hawkings Into The Universe
How do companies like Turbo Tax and H & R Block that do tax returns for you make it's profit since people only use their services once a year?	Actually a lot of people file their taxes 4 times a year. Anyone working a 1099 job and any business that surpasses a certain minimum revenue level
Fisher v. University of Texas	Hate to be a bitch, but /r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1gz0cd/eli5_the_scotus_ruling_in_fisher_v_university_of/ Is that the one? I can ELI5 following a link if you want :) but it would just be "click that link and eat your dinner!!!"
what's the difference between ram air parachutes and the round ones?	You can maneuver a ram air parachute. Ram airs are for stunts and for people who want control after the chute opens. You can traverse a lot of lateral distance if you want. Basically "fly" the chute. Experienced jumpers could jump at high altitude from far away and land on a pinpiont that is miles away from the point of opening. Great for covert military ops when you want to surprise whoever is on the ground. The disadvantage is that the ram air is MUCH less stable in flight. It requires constant maneuvering and effort to stay on target. They are less safe. There is a possibility that a novice could lose control of the chute. Round chutes pretty much drop straight down upon release, have little control, and travel wherever the wind decides to take you. The great advantage to a round chute is that they are very stable and much more safe for a novice jumper, such as paratroopers in WW2 that had little if any time to practice jumping. Round chutes are also great for dead-weight cargo drops and slowing decents of spacecraft or aircraft on short runwaysGreater chance of breaking a leg on landing w/ a round parachute due to less control of rate of descent.
Why are international students a financial benefit to the school they're going to?	For local students, a large part is paid for by the government, which generally comes with a large number of strings attached. The government will generally offer money, loans, land, tax breaks etc but in exchange might limit the fees charged, or require universities to accept certain students etc. This means that some courses might cause the university to make a loss. Foreign students are generally not paid for by the government, so they can charge what ever a student is willing to pay. So a university can look at how much it will cost to offer a course, possibly add a mark up and tell the international students that is the fee. If the students are unable to pay it, the university doesn't accept them.International Student studying in the US here. Many schools that have trouble filling up their STEM seats go to other countries to try and recruit to make sure they have enough students to keep the flow of students into those departments steady. The second reason is that international students do not qualify for in state tuition, so we pay more fees also some schools have a higher rate for international students to help cover the immigration/international office as they have to keep up with the paper work for each student.
Why can't LA desalinize ocean water to curb the effects of drought?	Energy consumption. It takes a massive amount of energy for desalination. It's getting cheaper all the time, and we're getting better at it and producing more energy, but it's still usually more expensive than alternatives. It's also cheaper to conserve than desalinate. And the state can make money through fines! [More reading!]
Why do ballpoint pens become unusable even though their see-through cartridges are shown with full ink?	If the ink can't flow, it doesn't matter how much there is. Ball point pens can become damaged, or clogged with crap far before they run out of ink.
Why is it that alcohol does not have to have the ingredients or nutritional facts printed on the bottle?	It all depends on whether something is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration or the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau Only FDA-controlled items are required to have nutrition labels. For TTB beverages, it's voluntary. There have been efforts to standardize this, but nothing's ever come of it. The historical reason for this split is simple: Alcohol has always been an important source of government revenue, much more so than food. Distilled spirits , wine, and malt beverages are all under TTB control. This creates some peculiar exceptions. Gluten-free "beer" made with something besides malted barley is an FDA-controlled beverage with a nutrition label. Hard cider is just as alcoholic as beer, but it's not malted, so needs a label. It turns out the government has different regulatory bodies for food and spirits. It all stems from some fairly complicated legal designations that separate food from some, but not all, alcohol .
Is it possible to "crush" water? What would happen?	If you increase pressure on water, you will eventually get ice. There are 15 known types of ice, depending on the pressure and temperatureA kilogram of fresh water, at the surface of the Earth, fills a volume of one liter. At four kilometers deep in the ocean, where the pressure is hundreds of times more, a kilogram of water takes up 0.982 litersWater can be compressed, but said compression, even at extreme pressures is a small percentage of overall volume.
Why do mammals like humans and dogs tilt their heads when confused?	They do not do it because they are confused, per se. Tilting their head gives them a different angle on the sound and helps them figure out more accurately where the sound is coming from, or to understand more accurately what the sound actually is. It's just a way for them to get additional information about the sound. This can also be a learned behavior in dogs, because humans think it is cute and give them affection when they do it, so they may learn to exaggerate the behavior over time. edit: my response is talking specifically about dogs. Humans may also do this for similar reasons, as other commenters have noted.
What makes Ouija boards move and why do so many people believe it's spirits when it seems almost impossible that it is?	If people are touching the piece you move around, one of them is doing it. If spirits were communicating with them they wouldn’t need to touch itIn my experiences, one of the people in the group will push the planchette - and it is usually the person who first says "Who's moving it? [Friend], is it you? Stop it, this isn't funny." If multiple people push, but no one owns up, everyone feels it "fighting" what they are doing and even a pranker might start to think it is working. Lots of people go into ouija with at least a fear that it could work, and some people legitimately believe they do. This makes them more susceptible to the prank. If you want to get really sophisticated, a magnet in the planchette and another under the table can make for some good scares. My older sister did this, and none of her friends ever visited our house again because they thought it was haunted. The ouija moved when no one was touching it.
If military service in the US could be represented in hourly wages, how much would the different ranks be paid?	There's absolutely no way to calculate this. Everyone in the military works a different amount of hours. Some will put in 24 hours in one day while others maybe do literally nothing and still get paid for it. Some start at 4 in the morning. Some start at 4 in the afternoon. Going on deployment means working 24 hrs a day every day. You're given "days off" that can easily be canceled for whatever reason. Remember, bad guys don't stop shooting at you during your "day off". The reason I'm mentioning all of this is because you CAN\'T calculate a $/hr ratio because hours are never ever set. Pay grades are what we use. [These are public record] and can be viewed by anyone. Pay grade determines how much you make every month, regardless of hours put in. It's like a salary and it's calculated by your rank and by your time in the service. Officers make more than warrant officers. Warrants make more than NCOs/enlisted. If you want to know how much someone makes, take their monthly pay times 12 and then divide by 8760 . That's how much they make an hour every day. Edit: Before I got out I was offered my E6. Had I taken it, I would have been making $4.77/hr every hour of every day of the year . Edit: Hey guys! How does this work? Gives full explanation Cool! Thanks! Have a down vote! Edit 2: Glad that grumpy people are gone and the level headed people are here. I appreciate just being above 0. :P
Why can't deep web/dark web websites be closed?	They are operated by individuals hosting servers in various countries. And first, you need to find the server/website then find the person hosting/paying for it. It will usually be in some remote country with little jurisdiction. Now, they have to produce a court order in that country. TL;DR; It is a huge pain in the butt; Unless they have to, they don't bother with it.The overwhelming majority of the "dark web" is composed of things you don't want to be closed down. Pages which are locked behind passwords, emails, things like that. The minority of the deep web which is composed of illegal stuff is not only hidden, but might also be hosted in a country which doesn't put much effort into cracking down on these kind of crimes.
Enamel protection products claim “once enamel is gone, it’s gone forever”. How true is this and if so, how do you explain enamel restoring toothpaste?	My dentist explained to me that teeth will calcify and decalcify over time. A fluoride rinse or toothpaste can aid in this process, but if you have deep cavities and the enamel is beginning to form that sticky tar like consistency, that probably isn't going to recalcify sufficiently. In essence they determine that by probing with a pick and trouble spots are generally flagged as "watches" so they can be routinely checked every six months assuming you keep up with your bi-annuals. But you should still use fluoride toothpaste/rinse, there's still plenty of benefit but its not going to heal a cavity that needs to be filled by a dentist. Another thing to consider is your vitamin D levels which may lead to cavities if you are deficient.I'm not an expert in the field, but I found [this article] from Tufts. This is the key takeaway from it: > These so-called restoring products aid in a process called remineralization. This basically introduces calcium and minerals that adhere to the enamel so it can patch weak spots. This patch is not enamel, but is just as hard and lasting. The more correct description of what happens, which is used by some manufacturers, is strengthening or rebuilding of weak spots.Enamel producing cells are shed upon tooth erupting. If i remember correctly theyre called. enamelons. Enamel strebgthing toothpaste has flouride which reacts with the hydroxyapetite in the enamel to turn to fluroapetite. The latter being something like 25% harder . On the other hand, whenever you hear people talking about a tooth 'healing' itself, it's usually from the formation of dentin, which is the softer layer between the pulp and the enamel. This doesn't fill in cavities, though. Rather, the pulp recedes and allows this dentin to form in its place, giving more protection to the pulp.
If I didn't know something was illegal, how could I get in trouble for it?	Not knowing the law is not, in itself, a defense. This is a pretty important legal principle, important enough to [have its own Latin phrase]. I'm not quite sure what you're asking, since there's no particular reason you wouldn't get in trouble for it.

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