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how do countries introduce new currencies
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First they print a whole bunch of new currency and distribute it to banks. Then they establish an exchange rate, and set a deadline after which the old currency can no longer be used or exchangedThis is how Europe did it when we introduced the euro. First you had a "double period" for a couple years where you could pay in both local currency and in euro's. Goods in stores all where labelled in the old aswell as in the new currency. After a couple years you could only pay in euro's in stores but still exchange your local currency in banks. Then after another couple of years all old currency became invalid and worthless and only the euro was allowed anymore.
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When it rains really heavily, how come ants don't "drown". How about when it floods?
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Ants burrow up to one foot deep in the ground, and no matter how hard the rain is, they will remain safe. However, in floods where the ground stays moist for days on end, they will die. However, like demonstrated after heavy rain and floods in Pakistan, bugs will take to the trees and higher ground
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How do the Death Stars move?
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It depends on what level of canon you are looking for. If you accept the Gaming books, the Death Star Technical Companion lists it as having both Ion drives and a series of 123 hyper-drive field generators . Given that the reactor was deep inside, we could well have been seeing the ports the Ion drives used, and never realized it. In most space vehicles that we see, the source of the propulsion is visible as it's close to where it's being emitted, and we see the burning / glow / whatever -- In the Death Star, the Reactor was deep inside. I believe the Ion output ports were inside that trench along the middle.
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Why do certain people faint or feel weak at the sight of blood.
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A fear of blood can trigger the vasovagal response, which dramatically lowers blood pressure. No one really knows exactly why that happens, but there's speculation that it might be a way of reducing bleeding when wounded. It never used to happen to me, but last time I cut myself with a kitchen knife while cooking, I felt woozy and had to sit down so I wouldn't fall over. It was very weird. _URL_0_
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What is the link in hebrew between the alphabet and numericals values and what does it mean for us?
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The Hebrew language uses letters to represent numbers, as well as using letters to form words. The meaning is contextual, but as a consequence any word could be interpreted as a number as well. This structure combined with the religious writings in Hebrew means that mentally ill people with an obsession with religion and a mathematic streak can become fixated on looking for numeric patterns in religious texts written in Hebrew. With so much material to work with practically any number can be obtained to justify the convoluted justifications formed through their mental illness. What does it mean for us? Nothing, crazy people are still crazy even if they do math with prose.
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How come when it is very windy outside, the water in the toilet bowl seems to be moving?
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When air moves over something it creates low pressure, the faster it moves, the lower the pressure will get. Those pipes that stick up out of the roof are attached to the drainage system of the house so when you flush or run the tub, sink, washing machine, etc the water will be able to go down the pipes and not be stuck like when you hold your finger on the top of a straw and lift it out of the drink. When wind blows over the house, it will create a lower pressure in the drain pipes and the water in the toilet will be pulled in/down just a little bit, and when the wind slows down the pressure goes back to normal and the water will come back up just a little. This can make the water appear to be sloshing or making itty-bitty waves/ripples as it goes up and down.Your plumbing is connected to vents on the roof of your house. These vents allow air into the system to prevent it from forming a vacuum which would prevent water from flowing down the pipes. It's likely that wind moving across or entering the vents is actually causing small disturbances in the water in your toilet.
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why couldn't the next Presidential candidate just promise to abolish some of the far reaching NSA programs?
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They could. The thing is, campaign promises are unenforceable. Obama promised to end the Afghanistan war, close Gitmo, protect whistleblowers and have a transparent administration.That's basically how Obama got elected. Promise to change everything. You also seem to be stuck in the Reddit mindset if you think this would automatically win a great portion of votes. Even today when there's been no real pro-NSA push only 45% of Americans think government went too far. NSA isn't popular here but in mainstream America it still not a big deal.
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Why so much hate towards Russians?
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Due to the rivalry between the US and Russia , Politicians from the west have focused on the negatives of Russia to drag its name down. The media repeats and excgarates these views because it sells well to the brainwashes public. Russia isn't as horrible a place as it's made out to be.
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Why doesn't the US school system slowly implement Metric teachings into school so that eventually it can be the main system?
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I thought all schools taught metric at some point? I remember learning it. I use it professionally so maybe I'm misremembering but I'm pretty sure exactly this happens. Metric is slowly gaining ground. I can't see a day when speed limits get posted in km/h but already many items are set in metric. Also a number of imperial units have been resized to "fit" metric. A fifth used to be 757ml but it got redefined at 750ml to make it a clean fit. 2L bottles are common and most liquids will have both the imperial and the metric quantity listed.
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How is dead vs alive identified in organisms?
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Viruses are not considered living organisms because the lack the ability to reproduce on their own. They must use the machinery of the host's cell to reproduce. Also they aren't composed of cells that can divide and proliferate. Viruses do not have a metabolism, they do not grow, they produce no waste products, and they do not respond to stimuli. Some scientists think separating everything into two classes: "living" and "dead" whilst being practical is not right and that viruses may be classified as somewhere in between.
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How lottery cards are made?
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The non playing areas are all the same and made by standard off-set printing methods. A special printer based on the same technology as ink jet printers selects numbers at random from a computer bank and prints them on the playing area, along with the unique bar code. Then off-set printing is used to cover the numbers with scratchable ink.
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If all the land on Earth started as one mass (Pangea) and is slowly moving further away, won't there be a point where it all comes back together again?
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It could. Rodinia was a supercontinent that broke up and then came back together eventually as Pangaea. It is hard to predict continental movement with precision though. _URL_0_ Pangaea Ultima is a possible future supercontinentYes, but your post seems to indicate that it started as Pangea. It did not. Pangea was what is known as a Supercontinent. This has happened several times before including: _URL_6_ _URL_6_ _URL_6_ As well as others before that, though they get less and less well known regarding their positioning and detail. The land masses of our continents move apart and come together again in cycles. There are several proposed theories about how the next future supercontinent will look. _URL_6_ _URL_6_ _URL_6_', "Well it's not quite that simple; we think that the land on Earth is constantly cycling between assembling into large supercontinents and breaking up into multiple smaller continents. It's all pretty speculative science, though. So Pangaea wasn't the start, it was just the most recent one-mass supercontinent. And its pieces aren't always moving further away: North and South America came together, and India smashed into Asia. But yes, we predict everything could merge into another supercontinent in the distant future, sometimes called [Pangaea Ultima.]
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How can insects fall from proportionally insane heights and suffer no damage?
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Put simply, if you make something twice as big, it weighs EIGHT TIMES as much. If you go in the other direction , then it weighs 1/8 what it did before. So you can see that something that's REALLY small will weigh almost nothing. Also, for really small things like insects, air acts like it's pretty thick. All those legs and body pieces slow them down, sort of like a parachute. Insects don't weigh much, and the air slows them down quite a bit. That's why humans fall like a rock and insects sort of don't. EDIT: More infos, gathered up from the comments. They say falling doesn't kill you--its the sudden stop at the end. While ants top out at about 4mph in freefall , what really saves their bacon is being so light. Since they weigh so little, there's a lot less of them that has to be slowed down when their little anty body hits the ground.
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whats wrong with raising chickens with the use of antibiotics?
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When people are stating 'animals raised with antibiotics' it's not saying that antibiotics are given when the animal is sick, which is how medicine is usually doled out, it means the animal is given antibiotics regularly regardless of their health. Which sorta works as a preventative measure, but the problem is that it creates an evolutionary pressure for antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains, which are bad for us should we ingest contaminated meats.
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Will I hit a baseball farther if the pitcher initially throws the ball faster?
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Yes, you understand correctly. It's easier to hit a home run if the pitcher throws a fastball. _URL_0_", 'Yes, for example when you throw a ball against a wall, the speed at which it bounces back is based on the initial speed, and your baseball bat is basically the wallYes, baseball bats have trampoline effects when you hit the ball. So essentially, the ball and bat surface compress at contact and "rebound" off of each other. I know there is some ratio of the amount of trampoline effect that bats have to abide by but I'm not sure the exact details . Which is why you can see athletes hit 500+ft home runs but I 've never seen someone throw a baseball that far.
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How does a pill prescribed to you know exactly what to do in your body?
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Pills don't know anything. Your take medicine and your body will absorb it. It may be absorbed into the blood and travel all around your body. If you take a pain reliever, it is not targeting your headache but is dispersed through the whole body. The only noticeable change is that the pain goes away in the place that hurt. Researchers do not always know exactly how a drug works, either. They may use observation and trial & error to come up with a result in drug research, often in addition to previous experiences/research based on scientific methods.
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How do people edit gifs/video or things in motion?
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Yes you have to edit every single frame. Its usually done with adobe after effect or Sony Vegas. There are plenty tutorials around the web if you are interested in that yourself.Animated Gifs are old technology, so they are much simpler than the more complex html5 video. Html and flash video uses algorithims to compress it. For the above gif as an example, if it was a video, the compression used would take all the dirt parts and mash them together. It sees it's the same color/picture in the next frame, so instead of having frame 1 switch to frame 2, it basically takes the grass from the first frame, and puts it in the second. As for gifs, it's all frame by frame. Frame one the guy is on a bike, Frame 2 hes still on, but put his leg up, frame 3 his other leg is up and so on. This means a 30fps gif would have 30 full pictures in it per second. That's why gifs are usually smaller in size, and pay at lower frame rates, because the size of the the file would be massive. It has to store every single frame, vs videos that pretty much store most of the frame and borrow similarities For editing gifs, the person went into photoshop and edited every single frame to remove the bike. Because the actual dimensions of the gif are small, the person had less pixels to work with so it was easy to guess what color was behind the bike. For example, if I had 4 squares, 3 of them are blue, you can easily assume the 4th one also is blue. But if you had 7000 squares, with all different shades of blue, you need to be more accurate what color is behind the bike. not saying it's impossible, but more difficult to get correctly. **Tl;dr, gifs are easy to edit, take every frame and edit out the bike**
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Why does thoroughly washing frequently not prevent acne?
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Acne can also be caused by diet, and sometimes washing too frequently can irritate your skin and make breakouts worse.You can't really wash under the surface of the skin now can you?
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if flying a fighter jet in another country's airspace is considered hostile, then how do landlocked countries send their fighters outside of their borders?
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They ask other countries' permission to fly over their territory. It's only considered hostile to fly fighter jets in another country's airspace **without** permission.
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How do television/film sets avoid revealing the forth wall via reflective props?
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By limiting the number of reflective props, and picking the right angles to film from. It's really as simple as that. Think of it like how you are able to drive your car without hitting buildings -- you're trained in it, and you do it every day.What kind of props? When filming the actor in a mirror, you just film at an angle; if you are dealing with other types of reflective surfaces, you could use a polarizing filter, [here is an example of a photo taken with one].They shoot at an angle so that the reflection doesn't show the camera. They also use polarizers that help see through windows without reflecting as much.
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How does recording sound/changing volume work?
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Sound waves are tiny compressions/decompressions of air happening really really fast. If you put your head in front of a fan, or a huge speaker, you can actually feel these in your face. Microphones are a way to convert these waves into electrical signals and speakers can convert the signals into waves. Microphones contain an electrical resistor whose resistance depends on it's length. The receiving part of the microphone is attached on this variable resistor. When the pressure area of a sound wave hits the receiving part, it makes it move. This movement alters the length of the resistor and causes the electric current flowing through it to be altered as well. The electronic device attached to the microphone, which is like an amplifier for very small currents, can understand and process these tiny alteration to the flow of the electrical current. The speaker is pretty much the opposite of a microphone. It also contains a part that moves but in this case the stimuli is not the sound wave but the altered current. Instead of a variable resistor, the speaker has something like a specially made electric motor. This motor moves up/down and causes the speaker's membrane to move as well. The movement of the membrane creates sound waves. Fun fact: today's microphones and speakers are optimised for the task but older ones were interchangeable. I.e. you could use a speaker as a microphone.First you need to understand what sound is : It's a "wave" thats transmitted in the air. Basicaly, the air pressure that changes at a certain frequency. The pressure difference is the volume and the frequency is the tone. So a microphone is just a membrane that vibrates because of the quick pressure changes ; there's a coil that's fixed on the membrane that translate back and forth outside of a magnet and coil moving around a magnet creates an electrical current with the same frequency.
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Why are some people more likely to have sleep paralysis, while others never have it or have only experienced it once?
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Everyone or, at least, most people are capable of having sleep paralysis. Its nothing special as far as chemical imbalance go or something in genes or dealing with immune . But experiencing that transition from physically awake to mentally awake can vary from person to person and age. Most children will experience it more commonly than adults due growing and experiencing the world, in general, while sleeping. That's how you get a laundry list of childhood fears relating the darkness, nighttime and sleep.
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Why do many people in western countries have dash cams?
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Police are few and far between. If you get in an accident with someone, you might wait for 30-45 minutes before a cop shows up. Many people who get in accidents just drive away and the victim of the accident is left on the side of the road with their thumb up their ass and no proof of what happened or who did it. So Dashboard cameras They can be used as evidence if someone tries to scam you by deliberately pretending to be hit by your car, then suing you or threatening to sue you to get money.
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How are there so many massage parlours in one area?
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First of all, those places *are* legal in Toronto. Their biggest worry is zoning laws. Zoning may have pushed them to your neighbourhood and not others. You see a lot of massage parlours in your neighbourhood. That may not be the same everywhere. These parlours may be servicing a larger territory than you realize. Your friends may not be telling you everything. You may know more happy-ending customers than you realize. Massage parlours have lower rent than coffee shops. Coffee shops need relatively expensive locations so they can easily capture foot traffic. Massage parlours can be upstairs from a noisy restaurant. Massage parlours collect more per customer than a coffee shop. Combined with cheaper rent, they require fewer customers per hour to cover their expenses. If their territory is actually larger than the coffee shops', they may have more customers than you realize. To learn more, visit _URL_0_.
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I live in the US. Why should I vote?
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Even if you don't feel like your vote for president matters much, there are way more things on your ballot than president: state government stuff, county government, city government, the local school board, various levies for parks and roads and such. Every vote counts in many of these, and they arguably have a bigger, more immediate, effect on your life than the choice of president. Most of these aren't as straightforward red vs blue affairs either.The more people there are with the "my vote doesn't count" mentality, the less people there will be voting. Less people voting means more power to the government/our elected officials. The more people that vote, the more people our officials have to answer to so to speak. People also forget that it's not just about voting, but rather getting involved in your government. If there is a bill up for voting soon, call or email your representative and let them know how you feel about it and how you would like them to vote. Get out and volunteer for a cause you believe in. Citizens\' power in a democracy does not stop at just voting every 2 or 4 years.
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Why do our faces looks different in different mirrors and different cameras and which image is the real one on people's eyes?
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It's not so much that we look different in mirrors vs cameras, more that when we know we're seeing ourselves we subconsciously hold ourselves and our faces differently so we look "better". When someone takes a photo of us and we *can't* see ourselves during the process, we don't do that, we just hold ourselves somewhat more naturally. Speaking of front-facing cameras, they're deceptive and if you're close enough to them they can slightly warp the image depending on your angle, which again has an impact. If you wanna know how you look to other people, have a friend video you from a moderate-but-reasonable distance, I 'd say. That's gonna be your most natural bet.
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McDonald's employees! Why is the ice cream machine always down?
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Sometimes it's out of ice cream and we just say it's down. Sometimes the whole store is out of ice cream and we say it's down. Sometimes the machine is broken and we say it's down. Sometimes it's overheated and we say it's down. Sometimes we don't feel like serving ice cream so we say it's down.
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How do spiders make the strands of web that go horizontally from tree to tree, that hit you in about the face when your hiking?
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They float them. I assume you are not asking about the spinneret glands which produce the spider silk. Biologists have examined these and described there physical shape in detail. The exact biochemical process probably is still a mystery. But to get the strands across what are vast spaces to spiders the strands are so light they float. Some spiders produce them while young and float around with the breeze which helps them disperse. but to get back to the ones which you encounter while hiking the spiders wait for a favorable breeze and float a strand. The silk is sticky. It will attach.Darwins Bark Spider is known for creating pretty impressive webs across large open spaces by just spraying silk into the air which is carried by the wind until it 'latches' onto something. Reference: Saw it on a documentary. EDIT:_URL_0_
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How does my electric toothbrush charge without any metallic contacts?
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Magnetic induction. The charger creates an oscillating magnetic field and this interacts with metal inside the toothbrush to create an electric current which charges the toothbrush. It works because the magnetic field can penetrate the plastic and the effect that changing magnetic fields has on metal is the basis for the vast majority of our electrical production, this is just on a smaller scale.
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How does stress physically change our body especially our digestive system.
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Your viewpoint would imply that you believe the mind is somehow entirely separate from the body. This isn't the case, though. The mind is a product of the brain; minds are what our brains "do" . When your mind is experiencing stress, it's literally a physical condition in your brain; usually the release of things like stress hormone . Prolonged periods of having things like cortisol elevated in your body are bad for you, physicallyStress triggers a physical response from the body, known as the fight or flight response. The fight or flight response, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, readies the body to perform any necessary tasks to ensure survival. This is in contrast to the "rest and digest" state controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system when at ease. Unfortunately, the body has a difficult time distinguishing "this bear's going to eat me" from "I have an exam at 8AM tomorrow and I know nothing." The body can go through quite a few changes during the fight or flight response, which, like most parts of your body, are complex. Adrenaline may be released and cortisol is also released. Some symptoms include increased heart rate, fidgety behavior, feeling anxious, etc. Under a relaxed state, the body sends a significant portion of blood to the digestive system so that it can prioritize picking up nutrients. Under stressful conditions, however, the body is no longer concerned with absorbing nutrients and vasoconstriction occurs, resulting in less blood flow to the digestive system. The blood is directed more towards the extremities so that you're prepared to make a quick get away or defend yourself. You can learn details about the physiology of the stress response with this [video] hosted by Hank Green on Crash Course: Anatomy & Physiology . Edit: Wording
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why doesn't California raise water prices?
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They've tried, but [the Constitution of California prohibits raising water prices above cost].Water prices by city shows that ca has fairly low water prices, so it really makes no sense: _URL_1_
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The Binding of Issac, Time Gate Controversy
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The Binding of Isaac got a total remake a year ago. It used to be a very popular flash game and the creator, Edmund McMillen, handed it over to Nicalis to remake it in a new engine. When the remake released, lots of hype was built up over all the "secrets" the developers hid in the game, and everyone was excited to solve all puzzles and stuff. Not even a few weeks after the release, dataminers solved these puzzles and the community got pretty angry about it. Edmund specifically expressed [his dissatisfaction] with the whole deal, and stated that putting secrets in games is pointless as long as dataminers exist. Flash forward to now, the game got a huge DLC, and everyone's been playing it a ton. Everything was going great until a recent patch to the game, which added supposed missing content to the game. People think that Edmund planned a [time gate] to this content to prevent dataminers from figuring out everything immediately. Lots of people [overreacted] to this and started giving Edmund shit for giving cryptic hints instead of admitting mistakes. /r/bindingofisaac made tons of [posts] [calling] [him] [out] and Edmund is telling us to calm ourselves down. Personally, I believe the missing content was an honest bug, and he wouldn't fuck with the community as much as this. People are in a salty outrage for thinking he did, and he will express his opinion in a blog post soon. Until then this is largely speculation. EDIT: [his thoughts on the situation]
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Why does the clock appear to stop for one second when you stare directly at it?
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Do you mean when you quickly shift your vision to it? This is related to saccadic masking. "Saccadic" comes from rapid eye motion. When you quickly move your eyes, your visual processing is "blocked". This also comes with a temporal perception element. When your eye motion stops as you look at the clock, the time period that elapsed *while* your eyes were moving is interpreted by the brain as if it's been spent looking at a static image of the first thing you see as your eye movement stops. It's sort of a backwards overlap of your time perception. This means you can get the impression that the clock has stayed in that position for longer than a second, if the clock happened to move during your eye movement. It's called [Chronostasis] and the clock illusion is the most common example given for it.
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Can the US government target Americans in drone killings, and is there evidence they have done so before?
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[Anwar al-Awlaki] was American born and killed by a Predator drone strike in Yemen. One side is arguing that it is illegal to kill an American citizen without a trial. The other side is arguing that he is an enemy of the state and has forfeited his right to judicial protection by taking up arms against the United States. In Rand Paul's case his filibuster was to get the administration to state concretely that American citizens within the United States have full protection of the law which the administration has come out and stated that they do and drone strikes within the United States are illegal.Yes. They have killed two US citizens with drone strikes.
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How are interest rates for savings accounts determined? Why mine seems like it's the lowest in history ?
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I believe it has to do with the rate which the Fed lends to the banks, and the rate the Fed sets for banks to lend to each other. Since interest rates are so low right now , the banks aren't making as much profit on loan interest rates to give attractive interest rates of savings accounts. So they are trying to give you the highest rate they can while still turning a profit. But since borrowing interest rates are so low as it is, saving rates are even lower. I'm not sure if this is going to make much sense..
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How come you get tired of eating the same dinner more than two days in a row but you can eat the same breakfast for years on end?
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Back when the U.S. military was developing MREs, they were trying to figure out how to get troops to eat the same handful of meals over several weeks. They realized everyone loved heavily spiced food at first, but got burnt out on it quickly. Meanwhile, they had no problem eating bland foods day after day. Since breakfast foods tend to be bland, it's easier to eat the same thing over and over again than if you had the meals you normally eat for dinner, which are usually flavorful, every night.
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What causes the air to move slower under a planes wing?
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The short answer. It doesn't. It moves at the same speed. What creates flight is relative densities of the air above and below an airplanes wing. The curve shape of the top of the wing pushed air out of the way while the flat shape underneath allows air to flow underneath. This creates more density underneath than there is above. This causes the air to move up to fill the empty space lifting the plane with it in the process.
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Let's say I'm watching a 24fps movie on my 60Hz computer monitor. How does the framerate of the movie match up with the refresh rate of the monitor?
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Don't quote me on this, but I think that it works like this; The monitor refreshes a complete display 60 times in every second, the movie shows a new image 24 times in every second. Imagine that you have a friend standing outside your window with a flip-book and he was flipping the pages 24 times every second, and you were able to close and open the curtains 60 times a second. The two aren't linked and work independantly, so it doesn't matter that they run at differing speeds. Besides, at those sort of speeds, you would barely even notice a dropped frame here or there.This is why you ideally want to get a 120 or 240hz TV, since 60 does go into those evenly.
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How can games companies sell unfinished games and in some cases games that are unplayable (Activision)?
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Simply answer, because consumers keep buying them. Longer answer, due to the new and easier channels of distribution, mainly pre-order, digital downloads, etc. games can be bought way before any serious reviews by game critics or consumers alike have been established. So by the time the problems of a game are known, the majority of sales have already been made. Coupled with promises of updates and fixes, many consumers stick around or even buy the game later when it's fixed. This way game companies get both, the money from early buyers who purchase the game without knowing it's quality as well as patient gamers who wait until the game is fixed. Since this behavior doesn't seem to damage the long-term reputation of the company it remains a viable business model.
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LD50 values and its relation to humans.
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No, it wouldn't necessarily translate exactly, but it does for many common substances. > For example if a substance has an LD50 of 190mg/kg in a rat, assuming you have an average rat and a human of 77kg , how would you go about that? The LD50 here is expressed as mg per kg . So assuming the rates are the same, it's still 190 mg/kg in humans, but that's a larger dose because humans are bigger.
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How can restaurants accurately calculate calories per dish or item?
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It's not accurate. They're allowed a rather generous deviation from what is the actual amount of calories. For example, applies might be five calories per ten ounces on average, and if you give apples as a side and most apples you sell are considered 15 ounces, you only have 7.5 calories. But that's just an average. There's been several instances where people complain because the variance can be so high, you can have a dish say it's only 450 calories but be closer to 600.you add up all the calories of all the ingredients, then divide by the number of portions. as in, keep track off the stuff you put in the sauce and know how many servings you get out of that pot. math!', "If its a chain most of their food is likely pre-portioned and heated to order. Otherwise, it's an estimation. Depending on the optional sides and such it labels them as being say 450-950 in calories.
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Why are vision problems so common in humans?
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humans need glasses to see fine detail, like letters. in a hunter gatherer sense, 99% of peoples vision is probably sufficient. i suspect there are plenty of animals that would want glasses if they were intelligent enough to know they were missing out on something. but since most land animals have a highly developed sense of smell compared to humans, they probably dont careThere have been studies on why we have a much higher prevalence of nearsightedness now compared to a couple centuries back. It turns out myopia has a correlation with sunlight exposure. Children who spend a lot of time in the sun have less problems. This is believed to be caused by hormones inhibiting the growth of the eye being released in the eye after sunlight exposure.In order for a trait to be selected out or eliminated over successive generations, it has to substantially impair reproductive success. Partial visual impairment doesn't necessarily prevent a person from surviving into adulthood or providing for their offspring. Good close-up vision wasn't terribly important until writing and finer craftsmanship were developed, and even then through most of history the vast majority of human population was illiterate and didn't need to read or write. The earliest hunters didnt need to be great marksmen -- their technique was to chase an animal to the point of exhaustion, taking advantage of the physical endurance given to us by our amazing sweat glands. We just wore the animal out until it was an easy target. And as detailed vision became more important, people with impaired vision were aided in survival by their communities.
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If all of the cells in our bodies are replaced within a matter of years, how are tattoos permanent?
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Imagine a bucket filled with ping pong balls. That's your skin. The ping pong balls are your skin cells. Now imagine filling the bucket with some water. That's the tattoo ink. You can replace any or all of those balls, and they might take some water with them, but that water is pretty much going to stay in the bucket.The ink used in tattoos is injected between cells. So while the cells may be replaced, the ink will linger in the space between them. The ink may still move a bit over time though, causing the tattoo to become less sharp.The individual bits of ink don't get replaced. Instead, the body rebuilds cells around the ink, trapping it under the skin.
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Why we don’t generate electricity from sound waves while electricity is needed to produce a sound wave ?
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We do generate electricity from sound waves. That's how a microphone works. The problem is that sound isn't powerful enough to create a enough electricity to be useful for anything other than capturing an audio signal. Even with sophisticated microphones we need to amplify the signal a lot to make it useful again.A loudspeaker converts electricity to sound - I assume that’s what you are referring to. A loud sound will in fact move the speaker cone and generate some electricity in the speaker coil, so it does work in reverse. Theoretically, then, we could generate electricity from sound. It wouldn’t be very efficient, though, since the level of sound required to generate a meaningful amount of electricity would be incredibly loudEven very loud sound carries very little power. The total sound power generated by a full symphony orchestra is about [1 watt].Audio Engineer here! Microphones can take sound and turn it into a wave of analogue electricity. It's very weak, you couldn't do anything useful with this tiny amount, but it does capture a very accurate waveform of the sound that went into the microphone. When you use an amplifier with a power source, like the battery in your headphones, you can take that audio waveform and multiply it by some amount of power, say 25 watts. This makes the wave a whole lot more powerful, enough to drive a speaker. Thing is, that waveform is inconsistent, it looks like this : _URL_2_ For usable AC current like what comes out of the wall, you need a wave that looks like this: _URL_2_ So to summarize, you could technically produce electricity by capturing sound, but it's not powerful enough or the right shape to make it usable power. Speakers get loud because they have an additional power source.
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How does basic stock exchange work and how would one get started?
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You buy a stock that's priced at $1.50 a unit, you buy 10 shares for $15 The next day it goes up to $4 a unit because there was a successful merger, they released a new product that everyone likes, etc. and you sell your 10 stocks for $40 giving you a $25 profit which you then use to buy other stocks priced low. As to how one would get started. Stockbrokers come to mind first. You give these guys $5000, they make the best investments that they can think of, and grow your money for you, of course they take a cut of the profit, be it 5%, 10% whatever. Many insurance companies also allow you to grow your insurance through investments, from your $126 a month premium, you can opt for some of that to go towards investments, which will be given back to in one of 3 ways.* PUAs Paid-up Additions, annually you receive money back from said investments.* Face value additions, the money earned is added onto your death benefit* Reduced premiums, any money made will be put towards your premium in order to make it so you don't pay as much. Of course, if you lose money through insurance investments that money will then either have to be paid back, or your death benefit stands reduced.
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the legalization of marijuana in Colorado.
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According to [this article] people 21 years of age can purchase it from specially regulated retail stores, and adults can grow up to 6 plants for personal use. Public use and driving under the influence is still illegalIf I am not from Colorado could I still buy pot there?', "Does anyone have a guess as to what effect this will have on the state of Colorado? I'm forecasting thousands of people coming in come April ", 'Can someone explain pot usage for the rest of the US? What happens if I vacation to Colorado, smoke a bit there on my vacation, then come back to my home state of NJ and I have to take a drug test for a job? I was well within my rights to smoke in CO but it would ring up as a positive in CO. Is there anything cut and dry about these circumstances?Anyone know how this will work under federal law? Can you still be arrested somehow for having marijuana in your pocket?', "Its been passed, but the rules of regulation have not been set.So no-one can do anything yet until that happens, more than likely you soooo basicly you can buy it like medicinal marijuana, you can grow a certain amount or maybe not depends how the government wants to tax it. You will be able to smoke it in public or within certain areas more then likely you wont be able to drive under the influence of it, job interviews with drug test but will struggle to refuse you a job if you test positive to THC. Really it depends on how Colorado decides on what is legal use and what is illegal.P.S Colorado you have changed the game of cannabis laws and I cannot thank-you enough, my next hit will be in toast to you.
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How did we figure out that burning rocks would make metal?
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Metal working is *way* past caveman times. We figured out fire, and we figured out how to make *hot* fire . A lot of this is, necessarily, speculative, but the likely scenario is someone put some metal in a hot fire and noticed it melted. Possibly people found free-lying metal deposits, or someone had rocks with a high degree of iron impurities. A lot of stuff like this happens *by accident*, and then possibly someone *eventually* thinks of something to do with it.
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With modern technology, why don't people get paid and billed electronically by the second or minute instead of monthly?
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The technology isn't really there, or at least hasn't been developed. If you've ever worked in IT, you'd understand how hard it is to integrate different systems and make them talk to each other. Such a system would have to built from the ground up and would include real time capturing of hours worked, real time transfer of money to the bank, real time availability of the money on your credit card. That wouldn't be cheap. Then, every company and bank would have to adopt those systems. If your bank doesn't use it, it wouldn't matter if your company does or not.
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If the computer runs on electricity, why isn't the hard-drive wiped when you turn it off?
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Magnets. Basically, hard drives sorta look like a record player inside. There's a disk that spins, and a head that can move to various tracks on the disk, reading or writing. The way it works is, if you've ever rubbed a nail on a magnet, you'll notice the nail itself gets magnetic. The disks in a hard drive are coated with a magnetic substance, and the heads have tiny electromagnets in them, which put lasting magnetic imprints onto the disk surface, which last even if the power is turned off.
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Why when nervous does our mouth become dry ?
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ELI5 version of the actual science: Your body has two overarching "modes" of existence - rest, and fight or flight . During rest, you allocate energy towards things like eating and digestion, sleep, and general day-to-day being alive. When in an acutely stressful situation, you go I to overdrive. The FoF state puts everything on hold in order to deal with the immediate threat - why waste energy on digestion when you're being chased by a lion? Saliva primarily acts to aid in initial digestion, softening food and providing some pretty important enzymes to start breaking everything down. However, if your FoF state is activated , you don't need saliva. In fact, saliva production would be counterproductive, as the water being used to make it could be turned into perspiration instead. Just being nervous makes this seem silly, but if you were in the wild fighting for survival it could make a difference.
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How do bank ATMs read handwritten checks?
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You're writing the amount in numbers and in letters on the check. It could mix up 100 with 700, but if he sees "Seven Hundred Dollars", there's no way it could not guess which one is the right one. I worked in a bank for a short time and among other things I had to verify scanned checks for which the software had trouble to identify the signature , so your hidden little man theory isn't entirely dumb!Text/Image recognition software, the same reason how Google Translate can translate text from an image. Yes, they do make mistakes, took my father about 45min on the phone to get an error corrected.
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How do we know the world is round and not flat?
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If you're in the northern hemisphere, and you point your camera at the northern night sky with a long exposure, you can capture stars "spinning" around the north pole. Here's a good example: _URL_0_ In the southern hemisphere, you can see the same phenomenon pointing your camera south. The only way this makes sense is if the world is a ballDuring a lunar eclipse , the shadow cast by the Earth on the moon is a crescent. This means that it is a spherical object casting the shadow, so the Earth is a sphere.Even before we invented rockets and were able to leave the earth and *see* that it's a sphere, people knew the earth was round . About 300 BC the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes actually estimated the size of the planet using simple trigonometry, and got quite close to the true answer. In measuring the earth, Eratosthenes used the fact that at exactly midday on one day of the year, the sun would shine directly down a well shaft in Syene, but at the same time would cast a shadow of Eratosthenes in Alexandria. Knowing the distance between the two cities and measuring his shadow, Eratosthenes was able to calculate the circumference of the earth -- only possible because the earth is spherical. But ancient seafaring nations already knew it had to be round. When they sailed towards land with high mountains, they would see the peaks of the mountains first, long before they could see the lowlands. The only explanation for that was that the surface of the earth was curved.
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How come sometimes I'm able to sit down and work for hours on end, and other times I can barely look at work at all?
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It's due to levels of neurotransmitters in your brain changing due to large variety of physiological, environmental, and emotional factors. There are likely a lot of neurotransmitters in play that have a huge impact on motivation, but currently the most well-known is one called "Dopamine". People who have disorders involving dopamine regulation dysfunction have severe disruption in motivation. The lower the dopamine production/uptake, the lower the motivation. They lack what would be considered a normal motivation drive, and typically see improvements in this motivation when undergoing pharmaceutical therapy to increase levels of dopamine. So what can you do to influence dopamine? Well, the field is still very young and is full of unknowns, but it seems that one way to increase dopamine in healthy individuals is to have them partake in activities they **enjoy**. Exercise also has an effect on dopamine levels and as a result may increase levels of motivation. So if you're feeling unmotivated, perhaps it 'd be wise to spend some time among friends or go for a quick jog/walk/bike ride before returning to your work. It could have a very positive impact.I'd like to know this too. Sometimes I can work all day and get way ahead on my projects, come home, make a good dinner and work on home projects until bed and do it all again the next day. Other times I need to drag myself out of bed, stare at my computer screen and force myself to do what absolutely needs to get done and try desperately to not think of ways to cut corners, come home and stare at the wall, lay awake unable to sleep
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I'm having a hard time understanding a single line of a legal document I have, I'll buy gold to whoever gives me a thorough explanation
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It's the following month. The quarter closes out March 31 at close of business, and payment must be postmarked or in the inbox by the last business day in April. Same deal for July, October, and January.
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What does Neosporin do to my cut?
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Neosporin works as an antibiotic and also claims that it speeds the healing process. A couple studies in the past have shown that Neosporin does not have any increased efficacy in wound healing than a basic petroleum jelly. So pretty much it just protects the wound from any outside bacteria by placing a gel 'shield' over the cut/scrape.
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Why are many manual laborers who spend 8 hours or more a day lifting, pushing, and pulling heavy objects not in incredible shape from doing so after many months or years?
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I'd say diet is the biggest factor here. A lot of those labourers/construction workers are strong as fuck but eat like shit. They'd look a lot more jacked with a healthier diet.A lot of them are. However, the balanced workout you get from doing manual labor often doesn't show as strongly as a very focused training of particular muscles. When people weight-lift to "get ripped," part of what they're doing has an aesthetic goal. They want to grow the muscles that show nicely. When you just use your muscles a lot in your labor, you don't have that, but you can still be very strongFormer groundwork labourer here: I worked on sites for 2 years and at the time I felt strong as hell, but at least part of what actually happened was learning to use my body properly: over time I think you get way more efficient at things like using a shovel. As you get more experienced the same amount of work takes less energy. The old boys know exactly where they need to place their energy in order to get maximum leverage for minimum effort, and that takes a bit of the sting out of the work. Edit - just to say that, obviously, ymmv.I worked construction for a while after college and most of those guys are strong as hell. The big thing I realized is that they eat mostly garbage and weekends are full of beer so the diet doesn't help at all. So why they're not ripped I'd bet they could lift more then most guys at a gym.
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Why does VLC for iOS have to remove codecs like AC-3, but the desktop version doesn't have to?
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Because of software patents. They can host the desktop version somewhere that doesn't recognise them , whereas due to the closed nature of the iOS ecosystem, they can't do that for that release.
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Why does unplugging plugging back in a router solve most problems?
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1. As you use a router errors slowly accumulate. Turning it "off and on again" clears the temporary memory and the errors, allowing it to function faster. 2. You will probably have background programs which are using internet, and they will not always reconnect immediately when the router is restarted. This will free up bandwidth. 3. Some ISPs slow down your connection if you do certain things, such as torrenting or using proxies. Resetting your connection changes some information about your network, such as IPv4 addresses, preventing some of the methods they use from slowing the connection.
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Why do we feel embarrassed when we're the only one in a group of people who laughs at something?
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I suppose for the same reason doing anything out of the ordinary is naturally embarrassing, even if it's being recognized for a great honor. Though it shouldn't be because that implies you made a connection that nobody else made.
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- What is the difference between racism and anti-semitism?
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Anti-Semitism is seen as a form of racism. Racism is being prejudiced towards someone because of their race, or against a whole race in general. Ie. not letting a kid play on the baseball team because he's black. Anti-Semitism is being prejudiced towards someone because they are Jewish, or being against Jews in general. Ie. Not letting someone play on the baseball team because they are Jewish.Racism is to Anti-semitism as Fruit is to Apples.
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How do those NES light guns (Duck Hunt) work?
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The gun has a light sensor in it. When you squeeze the trigger, the TV screen turns black and white boxes appear where the ducks were for one frame . It's so fast that we don't really notice that the screen flickered. The gun with the light sensor in it is just looking for a flash of white that lasts about .04 seconds as well. If the gun is aimed at the duck then the white square that flashes will provide enough light to set off the light sensor in the gun and register it as a hit. To be a little more specific, the screen actually turns black for two frames, once for each duck, and puts only one white box on the screen at a time. This allows the system to determine whether you hit the first duck or the second.They do this: White screen > Black Screen > White target > Blackscreen. If it sees > Light-Dark-Light-dark, its a hit. If it sees anything else, its a miss.
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Why do you see the red/green/blue lines when you move your eyes back and forth while looking at a video from a projector?
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Those different color lines make the picture. When you look without moving your head, the lines blend together to make all the different colors. These lines are projected one after another. The eyes have this thing called "persistence of vision." That is, if they see a bit of light, the eyes seem to keep seeing it for a short time; that's how the eye blends the projected colors together. A projected picture changes the image more rapidly than the eye can follow the individual changes, so you don't see individual bits of image, but a moving image. If you look at an image made up of individual bursts of color, that depends on you just looking at it, and instead move your head or eyes side to side, then your eyes don't see the different lines on top of one another, blending together, but next or near to one another suddenly you see the parts that make up the imageIt sounds like you are talking about the rainbow effect. This only affects some people and only with single chip DLP projectors. Here is more information: _URL_0_
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Are we lighter during the night due to centripetal force from orbit?
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It would be the opposite if there is any fluctuations as at night the gravitational pull of the sun is also pulling you toward the earth while during the day the sun would be pulling you away from the earth ever so slightly. There is some fluctuation but it is less than 1%> Are we lighter during the night due to centripetal force from orbit? Yes! > And heavier during the day? No, we're also lighter during midday, because we're closer to the Sun so its gravity is pulling us away from the Earth. All else being equal, we're heaviest during sunrise and sunset, when neither effect is strong. > How big is this effect in comparison to tidal forces? These two effects *are* the Sun's tidal forces! They're utterly tiny compared to Earth's gravity , and small compared to the Moon's tidal force . But the imbalance you're talking about between gravity and centrifugal "force"[*] is where tides come from. _URL_0_ [*] Go ahead and call it centrifugal force. As you know it's not a "real" force, but it acts like one in this situation, and it's better than talking about an outward centripetal force, which is a contradiction.
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Why do cast iron skillets make food taste better?
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IMHO it has nothing to do with the oil in the pan. I have my grandmother's skillet [probably 50+ years old.] I clean it with sea salt. I think it has to do with heat dispersal; that the iron transmits the heat more evenly than other materials. The food cooks evenly.
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How does increasing the interest rate to 17% in Russia and selling of their foreign-exchange help the Russian Ruble exchange rate ?
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Selling their Euros, etc. to buy rubles means that rubles will become scarcer and the price should rise. Raising the interest rate means that instead of cashing in and taking your money to Sweden, you will invest in mother Russia to take advantage of the higher interest. The first one apparently is working better than the latter attempt at shoring up the currencyBy reducing the supply of rubles. * someone who would have convert their rubles at 10% interest might keep them in the bank at 17%* selling euros and dollars and gold for rubles takes rubles off of the market
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How does communism work in places like China and North Korea?
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These places are not communist. None of the places that had a communist party in charge actually were communist in anyway. They also shifted the goal posts and then decided that they were socialist, even though they doing that required a total revision of Marx's ideas regarding socialism/communism/revolution. All of these places are capitalist. Some have more of the industry under the control of the state, some has less. Communism and/or marxism serve only as ideological justifcations for these regimes, much in the same fashion as other ideologies serve other capitalist regimes. Source: I'm a marxist.quite simply, because the majority of people there support it.
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What would happen if your home country started a conflict with a country you're visiting or living in?
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You can probably expect some hostility, perhaps outright violence. Never know, you could be taken captive as an enemy of whatever country you're in.
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Why do body parts fall asleep and why does it hurt?
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When you pinch off the blood stream to a certain body part. The cells need oxygen and other stuff all the time. If you disconnect the blood flow for too long, it feels numb.It's due to the compression of the nerves
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Why can't we just use MAC addreses instead of the IP addreses?
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A MAC address is unique identifier, but it doesn't tell you anything about *where* a device is. IP addresses are structured, routers can infer from the address which way it needs to send the message to get it towards its destination, without needing a giant database of individual addresses. Think of it like something sent in the mail. The name identifies who the recipient is, but it doesn't help the sorting office get the mail to where it needs to go. They don't know that person, but they do know where their city is, so they send it there. And when it gets to that city, their sorting office knows where the street is.
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How is it possible that you can order something on ebay for $3 without shipping payments?
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Usually it's coming from China. The Chinese government subsidizes parcels moving out of the country if its for the purpose if ecommerce, which makes international postal rates for Chinese sellers ridiculously low.Generally these listing are coming from sellers that buy cheap items wholesale and then get an agreement with a shipping company such as UPS or FedEx or with the USPS. This allows them to essentially bulk purchase shipping rights on small packages and their cost per product including shipping remains exceptionally low.When I sell things on eBay I give free shipping and I pay the shipping fee, but I add the fee to the price. I sold an xbox 360 with some games I no longer needed, I sold it US only and I wanted $100 for it, so I sold it for $130 as the $30 was how much it would cost me to ship it. It's easier to sell things that way because people think they are saving. It's like when you buy something that cost $1.99 and not the same item that cost $2.00.
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Why do money-wiring services exist when you can just email money for free?
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email doesn't happen out of thin air. you have to have a device. if you're poor you are unlikely to have a device. much of the money-wiring market is poor people transferring their wages home when home *is* a foreign country there are regulations around how cash can be transferred
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What exactly is globalization and what does unequal globalism stand for?
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Globalization is the increasing tendency to move business from one country to some other country where it's cheaper to do then bring the products back to the first country. This improves corporate profits when done right - and may make some products and services viable when they were not cost-efficient before. Unequal globalization is when some country or segment of the workforce is a net-loser in that transaction. A company moving a factory from America or China is going to make more money, but all the ex-workers are screwed and maybe the entire town. Multiplied by decades and thousands of factories it results in wide-spread poverty among segments of society that were doing OK before. Similarly an entire country might not benefit if they can't do much/anything cheaper than some other country. Africa has been on the whole a net-loser due to globalization because the political instability and corruption makes it unattractive to build factories there as opposed to China and now Vietnam.
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Why does the human eye have to focus on certain things at once and blur out the surroudings?
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The cells in your eye that are capable of clear vision are concentrated in a circle about one *millimeter* across. Most of your eye just can't see things sharply.
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If the US is technically on the Metric system, why are we not teaching it exclusively in schools?
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Because a lot of things in the US are based on the Imperial system and won't be changing anytime soon. Being familiar with the Imperial system is a necessary skill in a lot of blue collar, manufacturing/industrial jobs where the expensive heavy machinery was designed with Imperial units. Of course, a 1" nail could just be renamed a 25.4mm nail, but then we would have changed units and we 'd still be off from the rest of the world which is using, lets say, a 25mm nailSchools exist to prepare you to be a productive member of the society and culture you live in. While officially the US is on the Metric system, there are still many places where the system is not yet in full use. Failing to teach the Imperial system would mean schools would be failing to meet their most basic purpose. This is why everyone learns both systems during the compulsory parts of schooling here in the USEducation is a power reserved for the states not the federal government. Personally I feel it should change for a better education system.
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How come upon walking into a room with a bad smell, at first it smells really bad, but after a few minutes, you can’t smell it anymore?
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Our brains are hard wired to really only pay attention to new information. We are bombarded with a ton of stimulus at any given moment, but most of it isn't all that useful. For example, you probably didn't feel the chair you were sitting on or the shirt you were wearing until I mentioned it just now, right? That is because the brain filtered that information out as "not useful". The reason for this is that information is really only useful insofar as it helps us make decisions about our actions. New information may tell us about potential threats or food sources, but older information that hasn't changed doesn't really do that - if we assessed that a particular stimulus isn't a threat or food, then it isn't helpful to keep being reminded of that. Smell works the same way. The new smell might be important when you first smell it - maybe the room is dangerous or there is something to eat inside. After a while, though, we 've already processed that information and determined that there isn't a threat/is no food, so there isn't value in continuing to notice the smellYour brain simply gets used to the sensation. When you first walk in, its like "oh damn, it smells bad here" but after a while it just blocks the "bad smell signal out". Kind of like it saying "does it still smell bad? Yeah. Oh ok. Still smelling bad? Yeah. Ok nevermind then". It does that to protect you from sensory overloadYour nose is really good at detecting a new smell as it might mean danger, your brain then will light up and it is up to you to leave if the area if the smell is dangerous. If you stay in the smell your nose then filters it out as it must not be to dangerous and your nose needs to be ready for new smells. That is the short version.
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Why in the U.S. are we not told the upfront cost of medical care so that we can shop around like we can when making any other purchase.
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In a word: greed. The U.S. Health care system is a for-profit business. One tactic for maximizing profits is to obscure the true costs so as to stifle competition. Another tactic is to use fear to make a sale. What's more important than your health? To be fair, though, it's becoming more and more common, especially with specialists, to get estimates for procedures to be performed. "Shopping around" is accomplished through second opinions in these casesThere is no way to know upfront the cost of medical care. They do not know what tests, surgeries, etc that may need to be done until they are already treating you.
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why do governments hire Private Military Contractors
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They are already ex-military most of the time plus Govt doesn't get the "official responsibility" for any mishaps. Google Raymond Davis Pakistan for an example. There must be hundreds other as well but seemed to illustrate how well entrenched these practices are', "There are a number of reasons. One of which being troop limitations.There was a limit of allowed soldiers on the ground in Iraq. when you hire a PMC they are civilian contractors and do not fall under your troop limits. As for training, a lot of PMC's are ex-military as it is. A good example of using a PMC to get around troop limits was Blackwater in Iraq.
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How do these giant EVE battles I always see on the front page work?
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Arranged battles do happen. Some times they are sponsored events and sometimes its territory war. If a corp is holding a system and another corp wants to take it battles like this can ensue. Resource wars and rare asteroid belts see this on a smaller scale all the time.
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What is that sound that start every concert and always give me chills
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That's the band/orchestra tuning up. [ Typically the concertmaster signals an oboe to play an A and that's what's used as the baseline for people to tune.]
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Why does Steam have to update constantly?
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There is a rule in the software development world: software in use will need to be modified. Steam is big and performs a lot of functions both for us gamers and for the vendors and many of this functions involve critical assets like money or personal informations and it performs them over the Internet which is notoriously unsafe. You have to keep up with a lot of things: fixing bugs, updating security mechanisms and, sometimes, adding new features . This means updates, updates and more updates.Because they're often changing it in ways they deem call for an update. I don't know what most of the changes consist of but my guess would be bug fixes. That steam is working as intended is important both for the security of users and their information and for DRM to work properly. If you want to have some idea you can look through the patchnotes but they'll only be as descriptive as they choose to make them.i wonder this as well. All steam functions as is a store/downloader, and a launcher. the same software can be launched without steam and the store-end can be updated with new products without interfering with the user-end. so why does it need to update all the time?
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Why 8 fl. oz. of water, frozen does not weigh equal 8 fl. oz. of liquid water (minus weigh of container)
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If you take 8 fluid ounces of water and weigh it, it should be 0.52 pounds. If you freeze that 8 fluid ounces of water and weigh it again, it should be 0.52 pounds. The *volume* will change because at normal pressure, because water expands when it freezes. "ounces" are sometimes weight, and sometimes volume. That may explain any difference you note. A volume of 8 oz of ice will weigh less than a volume of 8 oz of water8 fluid ounces of water would expand to fill slightly more volume when frozen. Conversely, 8 fluid ounces of ice would melt to create 7.something fluid ounces of water. Do not confuse "fluid ounce" with the unit of weight also called an ounce. Weight does not change during melting/freezing, only volume. This is because ice crystals form a heagonal lattice with hollow space in the middle, making ice less dense than waterFluid ounces are a unit of volume, not mass. Since water expands when frozen, the ice will have less mass than an equal volume container of water
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why does Argentina have a lot of Nazi artifacts? What's the relationship between the two countries
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Argentina was one of the destinations for Nazis being smuggled out of Europe in the closing days and aftermath of World War II. Nicknamed [ratlines] and identified collectively as [Operation ODESSA] by the Allies, many different organizations and outfits existed to help Germans who should have been tried for war crimes escape justice, and many ended up being able to set up shop in South America instead, living under false names among the German descended minority populations there. Argentina was a popular destination because it had a sizable and well established German minority , and also because the Peron government wasn't philosophically opposed to the then-collapsed fascist governments of Nazi Germany and Vichy France, and saw the chance to recruit foreign talent by either turning a blind eye to their crimes or in some cases actively aiding and abetting their escape from Europe. The former meant that Germans had a community they could integrate into, and the latter made it easier to hide from the international community by giving them a legal buffer.Argentina is culturally connected to Germany: Many Argentines are of German descent. The Nazi regime made use of this to strengthen ties between the 2 countries. The Pèron government at the time admired the fascism of the Nazi government and shared their anti-Semitism. Sympathy was not the only reason for the regime's willingness to accept Nazi escapees: money was also involved and Pèron hoped that the Nazi military officials, businessmen and scientists they were taking in could play important roles in the Argentine state. He also hoped to obtain advanced German military technology to modernise the Argentinian army.It was safe, neutral and Germans were welcome. I visited the [**The House on Garibaldi Street**] which is now a vacant block. The [movie] is good and can be watched on YouTube [**here.**] [Adolf Eichmann] lived there.
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When the US passes a law about something like Net Neutrality or commercialization of space how does that become accepted international law?
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Well, first, neither of the two examples you 've specified are laws. Net Neutrality is a regulatory opinion, applying a section of the Communications Act of 1934 to Internet service. The US was late to the net neutrality game. The European Union passed a net neutrality law in the spring of 2014, after several EU member states did the same. The "commercialization of space" happened because NASA had retired the space shuttle, but didn't want to be wholly dependent on the Russians for access to the International Space Station, so NASA put out a bid. To my knowledge, Congress made no special authorization to allow these projects to be private instead of run by NASA itself. So I don't really have an answer to your question, because the question doesn't make a lot of sense.
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Why do we have two of some organs (e.g. lungs, kidneys, etc.) but not of others (e.g. liver, pancreas, etc.)?
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Surface area. Our body is constantly filtering via the kidneys and exchanging gas via the lungs. Having twice the amount of alveoli and twice the amount of nephrons helps our body keep up with the amount of absorption, secretion, and exchange necessary to maintain homeostasis. You can technically live without one kidney and one lung, but it puts stress on that organ and requires you to make lifestyle changes to accommodate.Because evolution doesn't necessarily mean the most efficient mutations will happen. But mutations that are beneficial will tend to survive long enough to be passed on. We happened to have a mutation that developed into two lungs etc and two lungs are more efficient than one so the mutation survived. I'm not a doctor or scientist but I imagine having two livers would be better than one. We just haven't randomly developed that mutation
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How come there are fireplaces in the woods? Why not tear them down when tearing the house down?
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The fireplace is immune to both rot and fire. So if either of those destroyed the rest of the house the fireplace will still be there.Based on what it sounds like, you are probably seeing the remnants of structures that are much older than you might think. I say this because if a house were demolished every part of it would be taken apart and fully dismantled. Even the foundation would probably be filled in. If you stumbled across the stone or brick structure of a fireplace in the woods, you are probably seeing something that was not torn down, but simply left behind. A forest surrounding it would mean whatever land the homeowner had has been reclaimed by the wilderness in the same fashion, which takes time. It is likely that you are seeing what is left of a house being naturally destroyed. Much like if an animal were to die and rot, you'd see it's skeleton a long time after it's dead. If a house were abandoned/left to rot, over a long enough period of time all that would remain is the sturdiest/most impenetrable part of the structure. Edit: I live in New England and I love to hike. I've experienced this same thing every now and then.
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- Why is it so hard to artificially replenish the ozone layer?
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Volume, the amount of Ozone we'd have to create is extremely high and would have to placed in high atmosphere.
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Why exactly is it considered racist for white people to be proud of their heritage, but not any other race?
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The basic idea is that 'white pride' has a history of including violent aggression toward POC, like the KKK lynchings, and it's part of a Western system of institutionalized racism against POC. When a Black person is participating in a 'black pride' thing like Black Lives Matter, they are trying to fight back against the system that produced slavery and race inequality, and the movement that they are part of does not endorse violence against white people. A bunch of people disagree with all of that, but that's what a BLM activist would tell you. Now, there is a way for a white person to be proud of their heritage without it being considered racist –\xa0focus on culture, not race. If you're Scottish, go to a Scottish festival; if you're French, learn French cooking, and so on and so forth. That's totally fine, because it's about celebrating who you are without putting down anyone else. Another way to think about it: if the average person of another race or culture would be able to participate in an event or movement, it's probably okay. I'm not Chinese, but I'm going to go to a Chinese New Year event in my town because it's open to everyone and it's about celebrating culture. My Filipina friend's not Scottish, but she went to the Scottish festival with a friend of ours who is, because it sounded fun to both of them. I've marched in anti-racism protests organized by Black activist groups even though I'm white, because I care about getting rid of institutional racism. But would POC feel comfortable at a white pride event, with all the racist history that carries? Not many would.
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How come indigenous people have historically been affected by invaders diseases but the invaders weren't affected by some random disease that the natives had?
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It's not always one way. Syphilis was one example of a new world disease that was definitely problematic for Europeans. But often times the larger populations of more developed nations meant that there were larger infection pools, over time only the most infectious of diseases would be able to propagate. Also many of the Europeans at the time lived in close proximity to livestock, meaning they learned to live with more diseases that could jump species.
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...If aliens put a satellite into earth orbit to observe us, would we even notice with all the other satellites up there?
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Yes. Astronomers carefully track all sattelites - as do some world governments. Even space junk is tracked. Astronomers need to know where sattelites and debris are so it does not interfere with looking at stars. Governments want to know where spy sattelites are and who is looking at what. NASA and other space agency's track space junk and sattelites so stuff they launch into space does not collide with it. So, things orbiting our planet are carefully examined.
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What would have happened in China if you got pregnant with a second child?
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You would pay a one time fine at the birth of your child and you would pay extra taxes.The one child policy wasn't as rigidly enforced as people may think. I don't know the exact number, but I think the average family size in China since the policy started is something like 1.5 children.
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The whole world has been pumping trillions of dollars into Africa as charity since decades now. Why are malnutrition, poverty, etc. still an issue there?
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It's a political problem. Large parts of sub-Saharan Africa are basically kleptocracies ruled by thieving dictators who only seek to enrich themselves and build prestige.the money and aid 100% dont get to the people that need it, can use it properly or care about it.
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The Limits of the Filibuster
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> Are there any protocols in place to forcibly end a filibuster? Does anyone or any majority have the authority to overrule a filibuster? Yes, the process is called cloture , in the US senate it requires a supermajority of 60 votes. In practice, the metagame of the senate has shifted to both sides knowing whether a filibuster actually has 60 votes for cloture and simply not bringing up business that would have the potential to be filibustered. Each legislature would have it's own rules for cloture and whatever rule voting majority is required.
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If I just drew up some random contract on a piece of paper torn from a notebook and it was signed by someone else would its contents be binding?
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If it meets the requirements of a contract, sure: 1. All parties in the contract must be giving something. You can't just write "You will give me $100" and think it's a binding contract if I sign it. If you're not agreeing to do something for that $100, it isn't a contract. 2. The offers and acceptance must be clear and unambiguous. 3. It must not violate any laws. 4. Both parties must understand what it is they are agreeing to, and be of legal age to sign a contract. 5. There must be agreement among the parties as to the contents of the contract. If it meets these requirements, it's a contractIf all legalities are followed, then yes. Does it need to be signed by a witness or notary? Essentially, a handwritten contract is still a contract with all the appropriate binding but also all the same weaknesses.
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Why is it when a US service member dies on active duty the family receives at most $400k, but when young man is murdered by police and the family receives $5mil.
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Well, a service member expected to put their life on the line but a civilian doesn't expect to die at the hands of the people who should be protecting them.
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Why does odd meter in music (e.g., time signatures in 9/8, 7/4, etc.) sound and feel so unnatural?
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Music is much more acquired than you think. What sounds 'good' or 'normal' to you is the scales and the meters that you grew up listening to. The reason odd meter sounds weird to western ears is because we don't hear it that often. 3/4 is an odd meter that we hear a lot so it sounds completely normal. You'll find odd meters with more frequency in other cultures. 7/8 is really common in Balkan countries. 5/8 is found all over the place: ancient greece, spain, aboriginal australians, native american populations, korean court music, hindustani songs, etc.
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/ Why can't/don't we make toilets that don't clog?
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We absolutely can, but there are a couple limits that we have to work within. First is the diameter of the outflow pipe beneath the toilet. This usually isn't much of an issue, because the toilet drain pipe is generally no less than 3 inches. The other limitation is the amount of water and pressure we're using to flush. In a home, there's only about 1.6 gallons of water to flush with , and the pressure is defined by the amount of water in the tank and gravity. In a commercial toilet without a tank, the pressure is much greater and the amount of water can be greater as well, which is why you rarely get a stopped up commercial toilet.
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How do archaeologists know what noses look like?
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The bone parts around the nose provide indicators of nose shape that they can use to create reasonable deductions of noses.
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Conservatism, Socialism and Liberalism
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This is probably beyond the scope of ELI5, and is going to have a lot of loaded answers. There are as many definitions as people who care enough to have them. My personal opinion: Conservatives tend to believe that tradition and the past are very valuable and deserving of respect. Socialists believe that people should work for a common good, without a desire for personal gain. Liberals tend to believe that change is the way to the future, and that people's attitudes towards each other should be marked by generosity, which should be enforced by a government. I think most people, at least, can agree on this: whatever your alignment, most people honestly believe that their system is the best for the world; very, very few people are actually evil or malicious in their ideology.
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Why do my eyes water up when I pull out a nose hair?
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Tears are a reaction to irritation, an attempt by your body to flush foreign particles out of your eyes. The pain of pulling out a nose hair is so close to eye pain, I imagine it causes the same reaction. Just speculation.Real manliness is measured by how many nose hairs you can rip out at once with a single yank. I'm at 12 You're move reddit!
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How come there can only be two sith but loads of Jedi
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* Expanded universe history. The Sith fought a massive war with themselves long ago and the last Sith standing decreed the current system to keep them from destroying themselves again.* Its a lie. Palpitate clearly keeps multiple force capable individuals under him through the series and expanded universe books and hides them from each other. He may not name them apprentices but the relationship is the sameThe Sith by the nature of their philosophy are destructively competative. They seek individual power over the force, and both other Jedi and other Sith pose a threat to that. Additionally, if a sith master were to take more than 1 apprentice, the multiple apprentices are likely to ally to bring down the master *before* destroying one another, thus weakening the line. Sith masters take apprentices under the assumption that the apprentice will destroy them eventually, but only once that apprentice is stronger than the master, thus every sith master is theoretically more powerful than the last one. Jedi do not have this desire for power, and therefore are not threatened by teaching others.
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