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how do wireless connections really work?
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In short, in the late 1800's James Maxwell, amazingly without having to observe anything and with pure mathematics showed the existence of electromagnetic waves otherwise known as radio waves. Shortly after, Heinrich Hertz proved him correct with real life observations.
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Why is Tai Lopez considered a scum bag for his "knowledge" videos?
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The popular YouTube channel H3H3 made [this video] describing it really well. Essentially, his "motivational" videos are clearly disingenuous and fake. This, tacked on to his annoying voice and arrogant attitude, makes him pretty fuckin\' scummy', "Because his whole 67 step program is bullshit, and he knows it. Also, not many success, hardworking people make enough to blow on Lamborghinis and shit, so it's offensive to see someone wave around monetary wealth and call it nothing when most of us couldn't even buy a car like that if we saved up our entire life."This is all you have to do to be rich! But my book for all the details!" Then you realize all the shit he flaunts is rented. "Oh I'm not materialistic" while driving the lambo he claims he bought in Beverly Hills with his "knowledge" money. Except that it's all rented. His knowledge won't earn you shitIts all about him getting richer by selling u shit u *think* will help u, but rly its just: "JUST DO IT!" packed differently..
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How do civil engineers calculate how much weight a bridge can hold?
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There's a class in college called "statics" and "dynamics". Where you learn about how much weight various materials can support and what happens if the weight is applied at an angle and how you can add support with cables and suchThere are agreed-upon values for how much force materials can withstand. You basically take those values, and evaluate the way the item is being used.Let's say you have 50 cables in a suspension bridge, maybe each cable can hold 10 tons, so you expect to hold 500 tons. But if those cables are not straight up-and-down, the capacity would be reduced. This is a simple geometry problem-- trigonometry can be used to figure out what portion of a cable's capacity is used to hold weight *up*, while the cable is also "wasting" some of its capacity pulling sideways. At 45 degrees angle, a cable is pulling equally upwards and sideways and therefore needs 2x the strength for the vertical load it's taking . This sounds wasteful but it's needed for many designs and saves weight in other areas like the main support towers. If you wanted all the cables to be vertical you 'd need a support tower for each one of them directly above its connection to the bridge, which defeats the purpose of a suspension bridge It's as "simple" as calculating the forces each component will experience in use, and checking against the strength you expect from that part. But this is a huge job, so there are reasons it's done by highly-trained professionals. You 'd also worry about issues like:* Strength changing in the cold/heat* The ability to withstand damage from a traffic collision and still have another component do the job of the damaged one* Gradual effects like rust/corrosion and ice formation/buildupBasically you know how much materials like concrete and steel stand being pulled, squeezed and sheared without breaking. Then you find out how much weight it should take and hence calculate how thick your bridge should be in certain points
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What makes wholesome memes as funny, despite them being very boring at face value?
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A big factor of comedy is the unexpected. When you get so used to edgy jokes the opposite will throw you off and are more likely to find it funny.
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Why do we have different punishments for murder and attempted murder?
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Because we decided that actually ending someone's life is worse than not ending their life. You could rephrase the question as "Why do we have different punishments for assault and attempted murder? Why do we punish the criminal because their victim had a weak skull and it nearly gave out totally?"
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Is countries printing more money a good sign or a bad one? Why?
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Along with things like adjusting interest rates and taxes, printing more or less money is one of the things a government can do to steer their country's economy. So your question is a bit like "Is a car driver applying the brakes a good sign or a bad one?". Depends on the situation. It's something you normally do a bit from time to time in the course of keeping things under control. But if you see someone suddenly slam the brakes on, that's a bad sign. Same thing if a country suddenly starts printing enormous amounts money.
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If Gandalf knew Bilbo has the ring, why did he let him keep it?
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He didn't know it was The One Ring - it was thought to be destroyed. In The Hobbit the ring was nothing special , and in the Lord of the Rings books it took Gandalf 17 years from Bilbo's farewell party to discover that it was in fact Sauron's ring.
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Why newlyweds should get blood tests
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I'm sure someone can explain this better than I can, but its basically to see if they can have children and what their children's immunities and what not would closely correlate too. Again I'm sure someone can explain this better than I, but it has more to do with the children they might have than an aids test, although those don't hurt to do either.
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What happens when we swallow our own blood?
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You will expel it like anything else you eat. But the average human can only consume a little over a pint of blood before you get sick. Don't puke you will rip your stiches lol
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If heat sanitises, why can getting a burn cause an infection?
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Burning leads to an open wound. Your skin protects you from nasty things entering through your flesh, so if it's burned off it can no longer protect you.From what I can recall, the heat also kills all the good bacteria. Essentially, you’re left with an exposed wound that doesn’t heal because of how much damage is actually done in the process of being burnt, and when a wound doesn’t heal or close correctly it allows in harmful bacteria you may come into contact with. When someone loses a limb in the movies, you always see them cauterizing the stump. The way they do it is incredibly stupid as they never use sanitary items to do so. Realistically, those people would die from the complications of searing all that dirt and bacteria right into the stump.You can get an infection if you don't keep the burn clean after the injury happens, but the burn doesn't cause an infection. Also, cauterizing has nothing to do with infection, it it literally to burn the blood vessels shut so the person doesn't bleed to death.
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why do we bruise?
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A bruise is caused by tiny blood vessels called capillaries breaking and allowing blood to leak into the surrounding tissue. This happens because we aren't invincible.
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Why do different regions have different tasting water?
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Different mineral content in the source water will change the taste. What do you mean by mess up science experiments though? Any serious science experiments will use distilled water to remove the minerals, while most high school or lower science experiments shouldn’t be too dependent on mineral content/care about contamination.
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How do I create shirts based on existing properties without getting in trouble for copyright infringement?
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You either don't do it, or change the source enough that you can claim it's a parody. Selling merchandise using copyrighted characters you do not own is an incredibly clear violation, and there isn't a court in the country that would rule in your favor.
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Why does water bother our eyes so much?
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This is dependent on the source obviously, but most water is not "clean", meaning it has particles of other things in it. Water in outdoor environments can have contaminants from farm runoff, dirt, algae, etc. Pool water can have chlorine, bromine, and salts that can cause irritation, and virtually all water, from taps, pools, bottles, the Atlantic ocean, you name it, has microbial life in it. The water isn't what usually bothers your eyes, it's all the microscopic bits of gunk in it that cause irritation by drying out the mucus membranes, stripping them, blocking the tear ducts, etc.
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Why is it that Asians who come to America not knowing English do better, within a few years , than most Americans who lived here their whole life?
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because the Asian immigrants that come here, at least the highly visible ones to mainstream american society, tend to be wealthy, highly educated, and highly motivated. If you compare them to the broad swathe of the American populace, then yeah, they seem to be doing better. If you compare them to American born people with similar access to education and wealth, the native born Americans likely do better and the gap is certainly smallerAll Asians who come here not knowing English do better? Or Some highly driven, or lucky, or some other combination of circumstances, do better?There are PLENTY of Asians who come to the US and spend their lives as waiters in restaurants or toiling away in some dead end job just like any other ethnic group.
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Why do boobs from the 60's/70's look so much different than present day boobs?
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As someone who has seen thirty year of boobs, the boobs themselves don't change. It is the boobs you see that do. I am assuming you are talking about the boobs you see in movies and on websites. Back in the 60's and 70's what a filmmaker saw as a perfect set of boobs was different than what you would see as a perfect set of boobs. Body doubles with cosmetic surgery are used now where natural tits would be used then.Differences in bra styles. The cone bra was popular in that time period, and now, bras are rounder.* Lycra hadn't been invented yet, so bras were made out of heavier, less flexible, less supporting fabrics* breast enhancement surgery was uncommon and more primitive* women were less active, so bras were more ornamental than practical* these factors led to a different aesthetic of female beauty, which women tried to emulate* women would could successfully emulate the aesthetic were overrepresented in the media, so you are more likely to see their pictures", 'different bras and of course today many boobs especially in porn are fake like super duper fake.Breasts probably didn't look much different overall. There's always been a variety of breast size and shape on women. However, standards of beauty change over time and the sort of breasts you're seeing in popular culture now may be different than the ones you might have seen back then.
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Why do mosquitoes prefer one person's blood over another?
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Mosquitos prefer: * [Type O Blood]. On the same note, most people secrete chemical signals through their skin that indicates blood type, but about 15% do not, so naturally mosquitos prefer the 85%. * [People who exhale high levels of Carbon Dioxide]. Mosquitos use an organ called a maxillary palp to help detect targets, & it works by detecting Carbon Dioxide in the air. More Carbon Dioxide means mosquitos can detect you better. * Sweaty people. Mosquitos also detect targets by smelling lactic acid, uric acid, ammonia & other chemicals in your sweat, so if you're sweaty, that'll help them find you. * Hot people. They also detect body heat. * [Pregnant Women]. Due to an increase of about 20% in Carbon Dioxide exhalation & an increase in body temperature, mosquitos like pregnant women. * [Certain bacteria found on your skin]. * Dark or red clothes. Mosquitos can see these colours better. * [Beer]. One study has found that mosquitos prefer people who are drinking alcohol. It's possible this is due to increased body temperature or ethanol in your sweat, but we don't have an exact answer for this one yet!
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What is the appeal of social networking services such as Snapchat or Instagram?
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Snapchat and Instagram both allow text to be added as captions. For the sake of conversations, they have a similar appeal that a Skype video call has over a normal one - seeing the person's face. Instagram is more like a Facebook newsfeed than a conversation tool. It's more to show off meals eaten, clothes bought and perhaps some visual experiences. Also, my generation seems to be allergic to reading anything more than a short paragraph.Humans like to share, and these services are usually used to share a snapshot of our life at any given moment. Going to Disneyland for the first time? Why not share your moment with friends and acquaintances.
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Why do fake phone numbers start with 555?
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Because no real phone number start with that prefix. This means shows can use a number without accidentally giving out a real person's number - 8675309.Fun fact, there are valid 555 numbers. For example, area code+555+4141 will get you 411 in that area code. How do I know this? I run a call center auto dialer. Someone was inserting bogus leads and we were dialing it over and over and over. Then we got our phone bill. Thousands of dollars I. 411 charges. Took a while to figure outThe rules have changed over the years, but the 555- exchange was fully "reserved for internal use". About the same time as we started running out of the original area codes, and the Dialing Plan admins were trying to scrape up numbers wherever they could find them, they de-reserved most of the 555 block; "fake" phone numbers are now only 555-01xx and the rest of the block is available.
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How does it make sense that WhatsApp sold for $16b while Beats only went for $3.2b?
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BOTH acquisitions are ridiculously, excessively high. It's unlikely beats is even worth more than a $1.5B or so. Whatsapp, is probably worth maybe a couple billion, haha, maybe, probably not.--- Which doesn't answer your question. So why did they go this high? Because they companies that bought them are throwing money around like crazy in a tech acquisition war. Yup, a war. The ones with money are trying to snatch up everyone else that could be a money maker, and willing to pay absurd amounts of money, just so no one else can have them and they will not compete with them. It's a war, they are willing to pay whatever it takes to win, even if its insane. And they can afford it. For perspective. Star Wars, and everything Lucas Arts was valued at $4B, and that was considered an immense steal at that price. They basically gave it away. Sony, the massive industrial tech giant congolmorate beast of Japanese industry is valued around $18B. Think about that. Sony, an massive worldwide company with products used on every part of the earth costs less than whatsapp. In other words, fuck that shit.
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The Legitimate reasons for using off shore banking.
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Let's pretend you are Apple, you have a lot of research and development offices in the US, a bunch of retail locations, maybe a few warehouses and repair centers. Company HQ all in the US. A lot of your main bank accounts are here in the US. However you have a large accounting office in Ireland because of their tax laws, so you need an account in Europe to pay the Irish employees in Euros. Then you have a lot of contracts with various factories in China to build parts, so you need to have accounts in China to pay people with the Yuan. If you didn't have these various offshore accounts, you would have to pay an exchange fee every time you wrote a check, and worse, if the exchange rate was bad, the check would be for more money than you originally thought.
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What is science behind this ?
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Circulation mostly. When it's warm, our bodies circulate blood normally, sending oxygen, vitamins, minerals, all the things needed to grow nails. When it's cold, our bodies preserve the heat by lowering circulation to our extremities, i.e fingers, toes Less circulation, less things to make nails with, slower growing nails.
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The Salem Witch Trials.
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If you want a really good depiction of it I'd say check out the crucible. It is also an allegory for the red scare but it still does justice to the trials themselves.There was suspicions of witches in the town, and people started to be accused. At first people just called witch in order to not be accused themselves, but it turned into people just calling witch so someone would be executed and they could have their land . The play "the crucible" Is actually fairly accurate in its descriptions of the event. The Salem Witch trials where not confined just to Salem though. They where spread over a of the area. I would suggest reading the wiki page on it for a starting point of information. _URL_0_Half religious hysteria, half people taking advantage of religious hysteria to get rid of people they didn't like. "My bean crop failed! My neighbor cursed me! Witch!" Any stupid thing might be grounds for accusation. Evidence was unnecessary as the "trial" process would determine guilt or innocence through such superstitious methods as seeing whether or not an accused would float on water or drown .
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Why does the colour black attract and store heat?
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You've got it slightly wrong. The reason why an object is even black in the first place is because it absorbs all the light. In other words, the color of an object depends on how it absorbs, reflects and refracts light. When an objects absorbs a lot of light, it will, by definition, be a dark color.White reflects all visible wavelengths while black absorbs all visible wavelength, taking in more light means taking in more heat.It's about what type of light is reflected. When you see something that is green for example, every other color wavelength of light is being absorbed, except green. SO when you have something that is black, no color's wavelength is being reflected back you, the entire spectrum is being absorbed, therefore it gets hotter more quickly :) White is the reflection of the entire spectrum , so it stays cooler", 'Because of the reason why we see colour. Every colour reflects light with a specific wave length, thats the difference between red, green, blue, etc. White reflects all light so it doesnt heat up. Since black doesnt reflect any light it changes the energy of the light into warmth and therefore heats up.
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Why is death by firing squad so bad?
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I would think any experts would be unavailable for comment. Coming up with a best way to die is like debating what kind of dog crap tastes best.I think the anticipation would be the worst. A shot to the heart would cause shock and unconsciousness within seconds. Death would happen within minutes. If no bullet knocked your heart out, bleeding out could take awhile.Chemical injection executions usually report burning sensations.[This] says it can take about three, I imagine fairly painful, minutes to die. I can't vouch for the particular timing, but given how variable the damage from a gunshot wound can be, it seems reasonable that at least some share of firing squad deaths would be slow and torturous. That said, I am not sure if the same applies to the secret police-style shot to the back of the head.Where to begin? With the dying itself or with the long, slow build-up, including the fact that you have to wait while they perform the "reaaaaady! Take aaaaaaim.." I would imagine it's nerve-wracking and painful, and there are probably quicker ways to go, but still not something that I 'd want to go through.
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In the hypothetical Gray Goo doomsday scenario, wouldn't an EMP sort the problem?
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If hypothetically we were to create a device that's not a nuke that was capable of generating a large EMP, then it would likely be able to destroy the hypothetical grey goo assuming your hypothetical nanobots worked in any way similarly to modern electronics. But since we have neither nanobots nor EMPs, speculating about the effectiveness of either is kind of difficult.* nanobot might not work with electricity, they might be chemical or mechanical in nature* the current induced by an EMP is related to the size of the object electric nanobot could be to small to be impacted* some nanobot will likely be in locations shielded from the EMP if only a few survive, they will continue to replicate using their fallen brethren as food
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Why is reddit hivemind considered left and not center?
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Young people are generally more left leaning, where older people are generally more right leaning. Young people are also more likely to be on an Internet forum such as reddit.
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Why are soft porn books so popular in America?
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Are you talking about the so-called "romance novels"? There's not generally a large section at bookstores labeled "soft porn", so I'm not exactly sure what you're asking about. Edit: And if you are talking about "romance novels", yes, [they are very popular], and I suspect that the authors don't get paid particularly well in comparison to authors of more well-respected genres, which would make the margin on them greater, and therefore more likely to get published in the first placeWomen read novels more then men do. Romance novels are not only easier to consume they are also easier to write.
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Aside from tradition or belief, what are the benefits/drawbacks to female circumcision?
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There are no known health benefits to female circumcision. Drawbacks include recurrent infections, chronic pain, cysts, an inability to get pregnant, complications during childbirth, and fatal bleedingBenefits: None Drawbacks: You're cutting off the clitoris, which severely reduces the pleasure of sex for the majority of women. Additionally, because this sort of thing tends to be done in the Third World , it's often not exactly the safest or most sterile of procedures.
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So how did cows, chickens and pigs become the standard protein to consume?
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Cows are large and don't fight back. They also provide milk daily. Chickens can't fly, and lay eggs. Pigs reproduce FAST, and will eat damn near anything.
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Why are children allowed to agree to a user agreement online but are not allowed to sign contracts without a parent?
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They can agree to terms and conditions online, sign contracts, and do all sorts of other stuff, but that doesn't mean its legal or valid for them to do so if challenged in court. A court could throw it out, or enforce the contract, or something in the middle. It starts getting a bit more complicated from there in legal contract terms on specific circumstances.
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Why are there no navy battleships with multiple large cannons in the US Navy anymore?
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Because they're obsolete. They have been replaced by aircraft carriers and guided missile cruisers. Both of which can attack ships and land targets over-the-horizon more effectively than a gigantic artillery on a battleship.
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Why do you gain weight when you quit smoking?
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Nicotine is an [appetite suppressant ] , so it follows that people will want to eat more when they stop nicotine. Another side effect of nicotine withdrawal is anxiety, which causes some people to turn to food for comfort. Some people turn to snacking to stave off nicotine cravings as well, because it's a distraction and because it is something to do with your mouth that isn't smoking cigarettes.
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Why do employers set up their application processes the way they do?
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The resume thing is so a bot can scan and look for pertinent information, then, if the application is approved it's forwarded to a real person.
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Did YouTube just update its video player while I was watching a video...? Is that even possible? Windows 10 Pro btw...international law be darned
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The player does look different than it did just a few minutes ago when I watched a different video. A simple change like that wouldn't be hard to push out.
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What is the Holy See? And why is it in the UN?
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It is essentially the leadership of the Catholic Church, and is responsible for the governance of the church worldwide. It's regarded as a sovereign entity, akin to a nation state. For most of history the Catholic Church has controlled territory, however between 1870 and 1929 it had no territory but nonetheless continued to have diplomatic relations with other nations. In 1929 it was granted the small territory of Vatican City, however diplomatic relations continue to be with the Holy See. The territory of the Vatican City is considered subordinate to the organisation of the Holy See. EDIT: Also, the Holy See is not a full UN member, it's an observer. It gets involved but it doesn't get to vote.Because the Vatican is not part of Italy, it is its own, recognized country by the UN. This is why you go through border patrol and not just security when visiting the Vatican, they even have police and license plates.The Holy See refers to the leadership of the Catholic Church. The Holy See is in charge of Vatican City. Vatican City is a state with its own land, rules, leaders, etc. and it has diplomatic relations with lots of other countries, so it would be silly to pretend that it doesn't exist. It participates as a non-member observer state in the UN, so it doesn't have quite the same power as most other countries.The Holy See, also know as Vatican City, is technically an autonomous country, and as such is entitled to representation in the UN. It is no different than a theocracy like Iran being represented, only that Iran is more clearly a real country.
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Why are fedoras considered "uncool?"
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Layman speculation, but I think it may be because fedoras have started to become synonymous with nerdy kids trying to look cool. *Generally* the nerdy kids who wear them aren't textbook definition "attractive", and they'll often wear fedoras with jeans, t-shirts, and things that fedoras generally don't go with. This probably makes up 60+ percent of the times I see fedoras being worn. I can only guess that other people see that as often as I do, but I think that's created a stigma around fedorasFedoras have never been "uncool", the issue is that 95% of the people that wear them thinks that wearing one automatically makes them look "cool". Unfortunately, it doesn't look like that. If you're rolling around ungroomed with baggy cargo shorts, a graphic tee, rolled up white tube socks with running shoes , then a fedora looks terribly out of place. Consider these two images: _URL_0_When you wear a fedora, like when you wear any other article of clothing, you're making a statement. Specifically, "I am the kind of person who wears a fedora". Now, in different contexts that means different things. On TV, it might mean "I am Indiana Jones" or "I am Don Draper". In the 1950s and 1960s, it meant "I am a businessman". But in the real world today, there is no Indiana Jones and businessmen do not wear fedoras. The kind of people who wear fedoras are either old Cuban dudes or the kind of people you wouldn't want to hang out with. So by wearing one, if you don't look like an old Cuban dude in any other way, you are saying "I am the kind of person you wouldn't want to hang out with.".It's not that fedoras are uncool, it's that uncool people started wearing fedoras and ruined them.
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What the heck is happening with this banana? 0_o
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You can't reverse something from being rotten, to edible. The title is misleading. It's not a rotten banana, it's just a little bruised. If I ha to guess, I'd say all he's doing is removing the bruised look of the banana, but the taste and texture of the banana would likely remain the same. Softer and mushier than a more ripe banana.
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Why does it feel so much better when another person massages your head as opposed to when you use your own hand to massage your head?
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This is based on my own experience, not scientifically-proved. But as someone who loves massaging very much, when massaged by others, I cannot predict which part of my organ is going to be massaged and I feel really pleased. I guess this can also answer why you cannot tickle yourself, as your brain has already expected your own actI know that the brain supresses Feelings like tickling from your own hair and body, because if you touch yourself it is kinda irrelevant. The same probably applies to massages as well. And of course, you have to make an effort to massage yourself, which dampens the soothing effect.
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Has human intelligence changed drastically over time?
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There's multiple types of intelligence. Also, if you were to try to debate Socrates, you'd have problems of language and culture, religious and scientific understanding that's developed over 2,000 years. If you just want to know about intelligence, there's something called the Flynn Effect. When we've looked at the results from all sorts of intelligence tests all over the world, from 1939 to today, we've seen that the intelligence of the world has significantly increased over time. There's factors of increased education, increased efficacy of education, nutrition, iodine in salt , and an overall better health among other things. So we don't know how well Socrates would fare in modern society, it was so different in so many ways that there's probably not a way to compare the two. He might have been a genius in his field, especially considering he's still being taught and studied today, but outside his field or compared to modern day, it's probably impossible to know.Intelligence has been about the same. The availability and depth of knowledge however has grown immensely. So given access to the same information as we have today, they would be just as capable as modern day people.
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How do spiders walk on walls and pretty much any other surface?
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They use the force, specifically the [van der waal force]. Like geckos, the bottom of a spiders foot branches out into ever finer little hairs until they are so fine they are able to interact with the surface they are walking on at a molecular level, loosely bonding with it to the point that they almost become part of it. TL;DR spiders, fuckin ninja's man.
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How did the ancient civilizations/kingdoms "die out"
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Each civilization died out in a different way. Some slowly and over time, some relatively quickly. It almost always comes to some fundamental flaw in said country's system of government; the Roman Empire fell because they could not supplement their armies, and had to rely on mercenaries, and as you might guess, hiring your enemies to defend you from your other enemies can often be a problem. It's also worth noting that almost no civilization "dies out;" rather, more often than not, they transition to a new government or are annexed by another country, but the people living there still remain. For example, you could say the English Colonies died out, but in reality we simply broke away from the British Empire. When Rome transitioned from a Republic into an Empire, that was the "dying out" of the Roman Republic; but the people living there didn't go anywhere themselves. And when America went to war with Mexico, won, and then claimed the lands of Arizona, New Mexico and California, the people already living there weren't killed do you get the idea? Even the Mayans and Inca, who we are taught were "killed off" by evil conquistadors, didn't actually die out. Their civilization vanished, but the Mayans themselves still live on - many of the Spanish who moved to the Americas had relations with the locals and produced offspring. People of Mexican ethnicity are descendants of the Mayans. It's worth noting that civilizations are still "dying out" frequently, even in the Modern World. The USSR collapsed in the 1980's, to name just one. So, hopefully that answers your question. If you have a specific question about a specific civilization/kingdom, feel free to ask, although Google and Wikipedia can probably give you better answers in those scenariosThe people did not disappear they either moved out of the region or, more frequently, were absorbed by new civilizations as their old civilization collapsed or was taken over.
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How do TV programmes like The Simpsons make money from being aired?
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Fox pays the creators of The Simpsons to create 1 or more seasons . They use this money to pay the writers, animators, voice actors, creative staff, and everyone else involved with making the actual show. Fox is paying the creators because a certain number of viewers will watch the show which means that companies are paying Fox to air commercials during the time slot The Simpsons is airing. The more viewers, the more ad revenue can be asked for. Depending on the contract, Fox might also get a cut of any DVD/digital, merchandise sales.
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pushing a car to start it?
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If the car is in gear and you're pushing it, then the rotation of the wheels will rotate the drive shaft . If you get the piston shaft rotating, it can help you start the car because it will expand and compress the engine cylinders as if the car were already running. All you need to do is to feed some fuel in and have enough electricity to run the spark plug ~~~~ . The key-start method requires more power, because it has to run the starter motor, which tries to start the entire engine by rotating all the pistons. By pushing the car and turning the pistons already, the load on the starter motor is lessened.You all are *mostly* correct. This method can only be used on a vehicle with a standard or manual transmission. Automatics are fluid transmissions that must be driven from the front through the torque converter. The most common reason this is done is because the battery is either run down or the starter is on the fritz. An important note here is that electronic ignition systems require 10.5 volts or more to operate. This voltage cannot be provided by an alternator alone as it requires input voltage to even begin producing power. So let's put to bed the "loop" theory. So if the battery is totally flat you're s.o.l. A caveat to the voltage situation; some older vehicles used a magneto ignition system that will actually produce it's own power. A good example of this can often be found on old motorcycles.Your battery is dead, which means your starter won't function, and you won't be able to deliver electricity to the spark plugs. Putting your care in motion while in gear solves both of these problems. It gets the engine moving, which is what the starter does, and it engages the alternator, which can provide power to the spark plugs. It only works with a standard. You put the car in gear, push in the clutch, get the car moving, then let out the clutch while simultaneously turning the key to start the car.
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What is maximum dynamic pressure, or "max-q" in aerospace engineering?
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When a rocket takes off, it has to force its way through the air. If a rocket was launched horizontally , the air resistance would just get higher and higher as the rocket got faster and faster. Rockets don't launch horizontally though. They rise vertically going up in the atmosphere. The higher the rocket goes, the is less air it needs to force itself through. There is less air the higher you go. At the same time the air it needs to force itself through is lessening , it's also encountering more resistance because the rocket is going faster and faster while it climbs. The faster you go through the air, at any altitude, the harder it is at any given speed. So -- we have two things determining the total air the rocket needs to push itself through: how high it is, and how fast it's going. Those are both changing constantly. It's getting higher-and-higher in altitude , but at the same time going faster-and-faster . At one point in the rocket's flight, those decreasing and increasing numbers converge on a number that is the most work the rocket has to do to get through the air . In engineering shorthand, it's called Max Q.
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Why are memory storage options set up on increments based on the power of two (16gb, 32gb, 64gb etc...)?
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When you store something in a memory, you have to remember where you saved it, i.e. the index of the starting byte. E.g. you save a file, it is at index 1000. And remember you need to store that index somewhere, so that next time you are looking for yoir your file you can find it. Computer saves the address in memory too, e.g. keeps "porn.jpg at address 1000". That number 1000 is saved in bytes, right? So let's say your computer uses 4 bytes to keep the index. 4 bytes = 4*8 bits = 32 bits and with 32 bits you can store 2^32 numbers. So it makes more sense if memories have powers of 2 bytes, because then when we're saving addresses we can use all the bits assigned to it. Update: fixed a typo
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Why do Republican candidates want to defund planned parenthood?
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1. Being against abortion is a winning strategy for Republicans wanting other Republicans to vote for them. Planned Parenthood is an abortion provider. 2. Republicans want to control women's sexuality and Planned Parenthood provides basic health care for women by providing birth control advice, contraceptives, cervical cancer screening, pap smears, breast exams and pregnancy care. We can't have those uppity women thinking they have rights to healthcare or birth control!
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why did commanders throughout history fight in the front lines?
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Because they were often the the most effective fighting force in the field of battle. Your typical commander was a noble, which meant: * they had ample food and medical care as a child, making them bigger and stronger than most men* they were trained in sword and horse almost from birth* they had the best equipment money could buy* they were surrounded by similarly well equipped and well trained bodyguards So the commander didn't just lead the battle, they often served as shock troops who could turn the tide of the battle.It depends what you mean by "front lines." A commander or king probably wouldn't lead the charge into the enemy's forces because it's an undue risk to their own life. That said, for most of human history it wasn't very feasible for commanders to be very far from the front lines because communications technology was primitive/non-existent. You have to stay near the action in order to execute your next moveIt made sense from a management perspective. When small armies met on the field of battle, it was relatively easy for a single general or emperor to "manage" the fight. Leading from the front at critical moments could be seen and inspire your troops . Beyond this, many were not only battle-thirsty, but had a tremendous amount of arrogance. A lot of great leaders are considered so great because of their commitment to remaining a hands-on warriorIn addition to what others have said, being on the "front lines" wasn't as dangerous as it may seem. Most of the casualties in ancient/medieval battles tended to occur during or after a retreat. When the line broke and everyone started running, it was very easy to chase them down and kill them. As long as the soldiers were disciplined and maintained formation, they had a high chance of surviving . So the commander being at the front and helping maintain order made sense.
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How do screens that you can only see when facing them from straight on work?
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Polarizing filters. Think of shining a flashlight beam. It comes off like a cone, right? A polarizing filter only allows certain light rays through. So picture a piece of cardboard with a narrow slit cut in it. Shine the flashlight through that. Only a little bit of the light comes out, straight through. A privacy screen only lets the light rays traveling straight ahead to come through, like its coming out of a little tiny slot. The rays off to the side and blocked by the polarization, or the “cardboard.” EDIT: The light rays that get through have to match up with the filter’s orientation axis. Think again of that sit in the cardboard. If it’s up and down, the light waves up and down get through. The waves side to side do not. The ones at an angle only some get through.A lot of people are incorrectly talking about polarization of light. Normal LCD Screens use polarization to work - that's why polarised sunglasses will block a screen at certain angles. The microlouvers on privacy filters do not polarise the light. They are more akin to a grid of short drinking straws. You can see through them when looking straight through them, but not from a side angle. _URL_0_
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Why do so many of my local (Californian) marijuana dispensaries get shut down if marijuana is legal through a Dr's. Reccomendation?
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The state has decreed they are legal, the federal government has not. So the feds can still raid/shut down these dispensariesTwo-part situation. First, marijuana is not legal in California like other states. Because of that, cities can use zoning laws to restrict where it can be sold. Strip clubs, liquor stores and WalMarts provide goods and services that are legal and yet you cannot open one wherever you damn well please. You must comply with local zoning laws, and cities can say no to any of the above. Same with marijuana says the California state supreme court. If things are to change the state law must change. See _URL_0_Because a lot has to do with the cities. Here in San Diego they have a big ordinance of where they can be and many operate "illegally" by city ordinance. So many set up shop for a little bit but then have to shut down and reopen some where else.
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How does percentage grade work in regards to terrain?
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It means that for every 100 feet you travel horizontally, you move up 20 feet vertically. The percentage change is the percent increase in elevation as you move horizontallyPercent means "per hundred". So a slope of 20% will rise 20 metres *per hundred metres*. That's very steep, by the way.
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If the human race originated from Africa and spread across the world, how do we all have different complexions and facial features compared to our African counterparts?
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Basically, what you have is natural selection producing different traits: for example, if you live in Northern Europe, and you have dark skin, you may not get enough Vitamin D, and you won't live to produce offspring. Thus, in Northern Europe, having paler skin, and less natural protection from Vitamin D production and the sun's rays meant you were more likely to produce offspring if you were white.
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Why doesn't America, Britain or "the free world" send an army to just take ISIS out?
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Let's assume we did this. Who do we target ? How do you tell an ISIS member from a local ? Answer is you can't unless they do something. We could probably enforce martial law but then we are an occupying force in a country that hasn't asked for us. That's a recipe for guerrilla warfare - something these guys are good at. They can simply wait until we get tired of the attrition and give up. This is the lesson of Afghanistan.
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Why do you feel like you're burning when in contact with something extremely cold?
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The extreme cold is sending your pain receptors into overdrive. At the end of the day tissue death feels horrible whether by heat or cold. Fire is generally much hot than the cold we feel is cold. So the "burning" feeling is not really a literal burning feeling but most associated with extreme heat applied to tissue.
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Why does going into hot tubs make you want to pee?
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Looks like it has to do with a change in blood pressure when you get in the tub. The hot water raises your blood pressure which triggers a chemical called atrial natriuretic peptide which directs your kidneys to produce salt which then your body wants to get rid of. So you need to pee.
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Why does it matter when I take medicine ? (day, night, after/before meal)
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Some of it's to do with absorption process. Some drugs are designed to be absorbed in the stomach. If you want a drug to break down in your stomach, then it needs to be taken with food so that the stomach is ready to break things down. Food can also help avoid nausea, and can slow down the actual absorption since the food has to be absorbed alongside the drugs. There are some drugs which need to be taken on an empty stomach, just before food. Again, this is to ensure that it's in the correct place in the absorption process when it starts being broken - to ensure its in the stomach, and not the oesophagus. These drugs often tell you to eat 30 minutes after taking the drugs to start the digestive process. As for time of day, anything which makes you sleepy would normally need to be taken at bed time. And there are some drugs, like the contraceptive pill, which need to be taken at the same time of day each day so that they work with the body's natural daily cycle to produce hormones, Source: my girlfriend is a nurse, and I just asked her.
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How does investing in a startup work? And how do you make a profit as an investor?
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It just depends on the deal you make with the business you are investing in. You could, for example, invest some start up money, and buy a share in the business. you will then make what ever % you decided on of the profits the business makes. So, for example, you invest $10,000 and own 40% of the business and will earn 40% of all their profits. You could also have also have a deal where you lend them $10,000 and they have to pay it back to you + interest. So you make profit on whatever interest rate you decide on.Same as investing anywhere else, you give them money so they can do business. The difference is that you are not investing in a proven company but one that may or may not succeed. You are typically given a share of ownership in the company . 10% ownership means that you have the legal right to 10% of the company's value/profits. Once the company goes public your ownership will be converted in shares . You can sell those shares for profit, or hang on and wait for more.
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how are plants related to animals? Which evolved first?
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A lot of different sorts of life evolved before either plants or animals even existed. At some point way back when, the Tree of Life split into two groups. Group A comprises organisms we now call "Bacteria," while Group B includes everything else: lots of single-celled stuff, algae, plants, fungi, animals, and other characters. Many years later, Group B split again into two groups: "Archaea" and "Eukaryota." Yet later, Eukaryota split again, leading to "Bikonta" and "Unikonta" . Which came first is a more complicated matter, depending on what you want to consider "plants." If you mean land plants, which I indicated above, then animals came first. Single-celled animals filled the seas before anything lived on land at all. However, photosynthesis has been around for much longer than any animals, and land plants existed before land animals. [This] might be useful. Hope this helps!
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How do plants that don't have seeds reproduce?
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Naturally Roses do reproduce with seeds, but many plants also reproduce vegetatively, this means they can spread through the soil with roots, or over the ground rather than spread through the air. If you take a cutting, many plants can detect that they could grow roots by having contact with soil and not light on one side, and sunlight but not soil on the other, they can then grow roots themselves as a clone of the parent.Looking at roses might not be the best place to understand how plants behave in the wild. They've been selectively bred to be [much much different than their wild ancestors]. I don't know if roses do this but blackberries - another thorny bush - can spread by sprouting roots anywhere the brambles hit the ground.
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What did Rick Perry actually do?
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He told a person that she should resign. She said, no, she didn't want to resign. He said that if she didn't resign, he would veto all funding to her office. She didn't. He did. He was indicted for using his veto power inappropriately and coercively.
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what does it mean to be a "neckbeard"?
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a "neckbeard" is shorthand for the stereotype of the "live in their parents basement"-internet user who is long on obscure knowledge and short on social skills and hygiene. The term itself comes from a particular type of beard, the neckbeard, that most people consider unstylish, but that many people who don't care enough to shave end up with. It isn't really related to MRA/Redpill stuff, except that some people see an overlap between the opinions of MRA/redpill people and "neckbeards," because the neckbear stereotype often includes anger at or dislike of womenIgnore the other responses, lmao. Their general ideas are almost there but it is ABSOLUTELY related to MRA/redpill stuff. Also women cannot be neckbeards as other replies suggest; the female equivalent is "legbeard," but it does not really have the same meaning. So how does MRA/redpill factor in? And what does THAT mean? I feel stupid for asking but this is actually really helpful
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How do we hear where sound comes from?
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Several ways. First, we have two ears and the closest one which is pointing toward a sound will perceive it as being slightly louder. There is also a travel time for sound and it will arrive at one ear slightly before the other, and our brains can detect that and translate it to approximate direction. Another factor is the pinna of the ear, which is basically the outer structure. This shape changes how sounds from different directions reflect off it and so slightly changes the sound. Our brains can adapt to that and use it to determine where a sound comes from; change that ear shape and your brain loses that direction sense until it can adapt to the new shape.
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Other than going splat, what are some potential health risks to Skydiving?
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Similar risks to riding a roller coaster- the excitement could mix poorly with certain health conditions. Heart conditions in particular come to mind- your heart will probably beat like crazy. It's also possible to injure yourself on the landing even with a fully deployed parachute.It is a huge adrenaline rush. I can see some medical conditions where that can be hazardous. Additionally when the chute opens, its a huge strain on your thighs and buttocks as well as rest of your body.I've never been parachuting so I can't speak for myself, but I've heard if you do it enough it can cause a lot of back/neck strain.The NIH has a number of reports on injuries related to military paratrooper operations. Most involve damage taken when landing, even with a full deployed parachute.
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Help me understand networking protocols and ports
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nitpick -- UDP is a network layer protocol, as it's best-effort. TCP is a transport layer protocol, as orderly delivery is guaranteed.
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Why does Santa Claus go by so many names (St. Nicholas, Kris Kringle, etc)?
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Santa Claus is an amalgam of dozens if not hundreds of different mythical/religious characters and a few actual historical figures. As such some of the names of those separate figures carried through to modernity as alternate names for Santa Claus.
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If marriage is a spiritual Union, why does the government offer benefits if there's separation of church/state?
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because not all marriages are a spiritual union. My first marriage, when i was more of an atheist, was to another more or less atheist done at city hall with no mention of god. and it was still a marriage. The problem i have with the "spiritual union" claim about marriage is that that is just what SOME people, not all people, think about it. Millions of people in the US are in such marriages. By your definition, if it is a religious spiritual union, they are not married. but yet they are. so clearly that definition is lackingMarriage is really just a social status. The spiritual aspect is what people project on to marriage for what ever reason. A "church" wedding isn't a legal wedding. A state won't recognize a marriage unless it's declared in front of a judge rather than before God, or a god. This is different in other countries besides the U.S.You ask about government benefits but the only benefit you bring up is cheap insurance, something involving a non-governmental entity. Why don't you reformulated your question and actually ask about what you want to know rather than assuming we're mind readers?
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Why do your fingernails grow so much faster than your toenails?
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Partially, it's because of circulation. Your fingertips are generally warmer and get more nutrients than your toes.
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Is there anywhere on the planet that naturally desalinates ocean water besides evaporation and formation of icebergs?
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Many living organisms are able to separate water from its solutes on the cellular level through osmosisSea ice is less salty than the water it formed from.Yes. Water evaporating from the ocean leaves its salt behind and produces fresh-water rain. This is the most important kind of natural desalination. Additionally, some water is subducted along with the ocean floor. This water is may be converted back into hydrogen and oxide minerals, then released by volcanic activity.
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How do medically induced coma's work.
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The Doctor's essentially give you anesthesia to make you go to sleep and keep you asleep. This is generally done for people who have suffered severe trauma; such as severe burns, several broken bones, head injuries, etc. In order to reduce pain, aid healing and just make everything more smooth. There are many of the same risks as a normal coma, you might not wake up, you may suffer brain damage, your muscles with atrophy, stuff like that.
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Why don't PGA professionals repair their divots?
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You do see caddies do it occasionally, but frankly it's a waste unless it's the right kind of grass. The proper repair, in any case, is done by the huge groundskeeping crew brought in to care for the course at every tournament.Either because they have caddies, or the people running the tournament take care of that for them. But I feel that they should do it themselves, either because they should have built up the habit of doing it on their own from their pre-pro days, or as good examples for others to do it.They also have grass nurseries hidden on the course where they can take the sod cutter too and replace larger pieces. Aside from sanding, I think they could at least take their beautiful divot chunks and place them back. But I guess if it's the final day and you have to makeup 3 shots to gain the lead for millions of dollars, sanding a tiny hole is the least of your worries. Sidenote: sand has grass seed in it at decent courses.
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How did homo sapiens differ from the Homo species right before modern extant Human Species (i.e. homo sapiens)?
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> But which one was right before us in this chain and how did it differ from us i.e. sapiens. Currently *Homo heidelbergensis* holds this position. > How did their body structure differ from us The differences, relatively speaking are very slight. Nothing so drastic as having completely different organs. They are one of the many transitional steps leading up to *Homo sapiens.* > and what caused their extinction, was it us? They evolved. The speciated into Neanderthals and *Homo sapiens*.
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Why is the rapist from the front page not waiting in jail for a trial?
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I treat 2x posts like that as victimization fanfiction. You could probably post a summary of a lifetime original movie there and get 1000 karma. Not saying this story in particular is fabricated, but it's unverifiable, and some have to be. EDIT: just read the update and I definitely don't believe OP.
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why has California not legalized pot beyond medicinal use?
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Some of the most well funded anti-legalization lobbies in the state are sponsored by the legal dispensaries and co-ops. They would hate to have inexpensive, high-quality, locally and responsibly sourced cannabis flood the market and ruin their racket.It was on the ballot in 2010, a non-presidential election year when the progressive turnout isn't great. In 2012, legalization advocates waited to see what kind of bills had a chance of getting passed. 2014 was another non-presidential year and while it probably would have passed, the bill in 2016 can be much more favorable to legalization advocates.
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how come animals dont know that the tail theyre after is theirs?
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I giggle like a child every time I fart and it makes a funny noise. There's no reason, really. Often times younger animals chase their tales, while older ones tend not to. I think it's a playfull quality
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Through the laws of probability, how are no one's fingerprints alike?
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It's 11pm and I'm on my second glass of wine, so I can't be bothered to do the math. There are three types of fingerprints: whorl, loop and arch. Most people have 10 fingers, and can have any combination of those three fingerprints. There are also three different ways you can take a fingerprint: flat, slap or roll. Each method carries its own number of exact or "sort of, pretty close" matches. There's [a paper/presentation by Michigan State] that discusses the probability of fingerprint configuration, and each source in the table has a number to the power of at least 11, which far exceeds the world's population estimate of about 7 billion. But it's sort of like lottery numbers. The odds may be incredibly small that you draw the winning ones, but that doesn't necessarily exclude other people from having the exact same combination as you. So it's possible, just not very likely.Its a myth that people's finger prints are alike. It came from the idea the 2 snowflakes are not alike which was disproved. A while ago a man was convicted for a bombing in Spain. He was in Washington state and there was tons of evidence that he didn't commit the crime but he had the same fingerprint and was convicted and later released.
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how does adding a third polarizing filter allow more light to pass through, not less?
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The polarizing filter doesn't only block the wrong-polarized light, but it also forces all the light that passes through it to now be polarized in the direction of the filter. Also as you've noticed, polarizing filters will let through some differently-polarized light depending on *how* different the polarization is. 0 degree light will partially get through a 45 degree filter, but not at all through a 90 degree filter. So when you have two filters at right angles no light gets through because after the first filter, the polarization is totally wrong for the second filter. When you have three filters at 45 degree angles, all of the light after the first filter is polarized at 0 degrees. Then some of the 0 degree light gets through the 45 degree filter, which resets it to 45 degrees, then some of the 45 degree light gets through the 90 degree filter .
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Why is there an absolute zero, but not really an exact maximum temperature?
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At Absolute Zero, molecular motion comes to a complete stop. You can't get lower than that. A maximum amount of molecular motion has yet to be established, so no maximum temperature has yet been determined..
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How does a particle accelerator work?
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Despite what might be said elsewhere magnets have nothing to do with making particles speed up in a particle accelerator. Magnets are used to steer the particles they also serve to focus the particles so that they do not become too spread out from each other and collide with the vacuum pipe they are in. To actually boost a particle up to close to the speed of light there are a lot of different methods you can use. You mention electromagnetic waves in your question and this is normally the move common method these days. Before I got into how an electromagnetic wave can accelerate a particle, the reason you need a charged particle in the first place is that electricity and magnetism only have an effect on things that have 'charge'. This is analogous to mass and gravity. If something is going to be effected by gravity it needs to have mass. The more mass it has the more strongly it is effected. The same holds for charge and electromagnetic fields, no charge, no interaction with the electromagnetic field. Now, to actually use an electromagnetic field to accelerate a particle . I'm going to talk about one specific way that is probably the easiest to visualize. An electromagnetic wave consists of both an electric and magnetic component what we care about is the electric part since it can actually do work on the particle and increase its speed. If you solve a few rather complicated equations you find out that for an electromagnetic wave inside a conducting structure if you set up the size of the pipe correctly you can get the electric wave to always point along one axis. So all you need to do then is send your charged particle along this same direction and the electric field will 'push' on the particle, increasing its speed. You can imagine this like a surfer riding on a wave. If he sits at the right place on the wave he will be pushed along, otherwise he just ends up falling behind and falling over. This is a very basic picture of how an accelerator operates.
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If alcohol is considered a drug why do people call it being drunk instead of being high?
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I am not sure but I do know that if you go back to at least the 50's calling someone high was synonymous with drunk. Same with "Stoned" but I think over time society takes broader terms for inebriation and stick them to a specific methodWhen I was a kid , my parents called being drunk being high. I always said "high" for either drunkeness or drug use. Then my teenage kids corrected me .Caffeine's also a drug, but you wouldn't say someone who drank a cup of coffee is high. I suppose when you think about it everything's drugs, beer, disprin, coffee, trainers, chicken nuggets, clingfilm, plants, clothes, car tyres, calculators, wasps.Alcohol has been around for thousands of years and has been deeply engrained to many cultures. As a result many languages created separate words for the way people act after consuming alcoholThey do. In the 50s they would say they were high when drunk.
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Why do men bald more than women?
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Levels of DHT. You can actually get a shampoo that contains DHT blockers that hang out on your scalp and in your hair folicles to make it so don't go as bald.
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Some people say calories are all that matter so what would happen to someone if they ate a diet of only 2000 calories of refined sugar?
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The "calories are all that matter" is in reference to weight gain/loss. You still need vitamins and minerals in your diet. And fiber is good for keeping your GI track healthy. If you only ate empty calories for an extended amount of time, you would star to suffer various vitamin deficiencies.1. They would be very vitamin and mineral deprived. To the point that they would probably face heart failure due to lack of potassium. I don't know how long this would take, but it would be similar to someone being fed no food. 2. They would be starving and hungry. Insulin spikes at mealtime would lead to increased hunger. The main driver of hunger is insulin being elevated a couple hours after a carbohydrate-rich meal. Those wacky low-carb eaters use this trick to never be hungry while dieting!
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Why do we yawn when others yawn near us?
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A few people think differently about why this happens. One idea is that when we see another person yawn, our brain tells our body that the area we are in has a low oxygen level. Another is the relationship of being tired, we see another person yawn and then become tired as a result. Lastly, there is an idea that yawning cools down the brain and allows it to work better, when one person yawns it makes other people's brains think they need to work better as a consequence. That is the extent of my limited knowledge, hope it helps
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When I get zapped/electrocuted for a fraction of a second, but feel the tingle for much longer, what is happening?
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Shock can result in muscular spasms and tissue death from overheating, both of which can result in physical sensation. Somewhat unrelated, but 'electrocution' is actually a portmanteau of electric and execution, and refers explicitly to a fatal scenario, a non-lethal experience would be more properly called an electric shock.
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Why do people hate to agree with people they don't like?
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Because agreeing with someone you don't like might imply that you 've incorrectly evaluated the person. This can feel threatening to some people who will then choose to stick to their previous opinion; that removes the feeling of threat, it keeps things "consistent". People sometimes prefer to invalidate whatever made them agree with the disliked person because it's less of an effort than changing your mind about someone you don't like. Also, if you 've decided for any reason that "person X is bad", you can set yourself up so that anything X does or thinks *has* to be bad, by judging the actions/thoughts based on who performed them, instead of judging the actions or thoughts independently. That's also a mechanism to keep things consistent and make decision-making about a person "easy". It's how stereotypes are perpetuated; "X belongs to Y place/culture/gender/association, and Y is bad/does crappy things, therefore X is bad because they belong to Y".You can dislike someone passively, that is, just find them unattractive personality-wise, but not think much about them, and you can dislike someone actively, using them as the reason for various evils. If you can't work with them, for example, it's their fault because they're so horrible or whatever. If you're disliking someone actively you have to make them wrong in every way otherwise you might have to see that the reason for your own failures is something in yourself. If they start to be not so bad by having an opinion you have, maybe your whole scapegoat mechanism will fall down. The above is just one possibility.
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What's with all the hype with Raspberry Pi?
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it's a charitable organization that makes a barebones computer that is the size of a deck of cards, yet has the power and capabilities or processing and outputting 1080p video all for $35. What's not to like?
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Why is NASA using the Delta IV Heavy instead of building more Saturn V's?
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Actually, NASA is redeveloping the Saturn V AS WE SPEAK. [Dynetics has a contract] to redevelop the Saturn's F1 rocket engine, now reclassified the F1-A, into the new F1-B. They 've taken the original schematics, and even disassembled and 3D scanned a few remaining engines from storage. The original F1-A had some +5k parts, either bolted, bonded, or welded together. The new F1-B has < 100. There were some problems we just didn't have the technology in the 60s to solve; for example, the thrust would oscillate at an increasing rate until the test engines would explode. To solve it, they welded damper plates on the inside of the mixer plate and cone. It solved the problem "good enough", but they couldn't figure out why it was happening or why the dampers worked as well as they did. Many parts were bespoke, hand made, because they didn't have the manufacture technology we do now. EDIT: [Another link] telling more of the beginning. Somewhere in there is a link to the test fire of an original F1-A fuel pump. It's a 31k ft/lb thrust rocket engine, 55k HORSEPOWER, *just to run the fuel pump*.Its costs. We don't need the power of a Saturn V for most launches. Most of the fuel burned in a launch is used to lift fuel. A Saturn V that holds a significantly more fuel than a Delta IV . If the payload doesn't require that much thrust to lift off why spend the money to lift the fuel you didn't need?
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How does the FCC choose which words/phrases to censor?
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> Comedy Central The FCC has zero control over content on Comedy Central. They only have control of content for over the air broadcasts NOT cable. The network's own censors aka "standard's and practices" decide what they want to censor, generally to appease their sponsors/advertisers
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Why is the common cold worse in the morning and at night but usually milder during the day?
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There are a couple reasons: 1. Gravity- When you're standing during the day gravity is pulling the mucus down and it gets cleared away by things like coughing. At night, you're lying down more and gravity causes mucus to pool towards the back of our throats and it's harder to get rid of that way. We then wake up with that pooled mucus still clogging our nose and increasing congestion. 2. Awareness- During the day we are thinking about work and school and family and friends and how the medicine we just took should help us. We have things to take our mind off of our cold. We have less distractions at night and the morning so it feels like the cold is getting worse. 3. Our immune system- The inflammatory response in our immune system changes at night, which causes congestion and headaches to get worse. So it's mix of physical things like gravity pooling our mucus and our immune system having different functions at night, but it's also a mental thing as we are constantly thinking about how our cold is getting worse.
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What is the difference between Drive, D2, and D3 in a car and how should they each be used?
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Gears on a car are tricky. The power of the engine is the same regardless of what gear you are in, the difference is power vs speed. Think of a bicycle. At one far end of the spectrum there's low gear where you peddle and peddle but never really go anywhere. It's mostly used for going up hills. Then there's high gear, where it's very hard to peddle but the bike can go super fast if it's already moving. It's the same in a car. Low gears are for when you are starting to move. As you have more and more momentum the car is no longer so difficult to get moving so you want to use more of your engine to make the car go faster. So you shift into a higher gear. An automatic transmission does that for you. But it makes some assumptions and those additional setting are for when the assumptions are not true. When you tow a trailer the weight of your car is well outside the normal range. An automatic transmission does not know this and will select the wrong gear as a result. So you put it in D3, this tells the transmission not to shift into 4th because the car is to heavy for 4th to ever be useful. D2 limits the car to second gear. Most commonly this is used when the car is stuck . It's also used in winter climates to slow down . Most people can drive an automatic for the entire life of the car and never use D2 or D3, and some newer cars don't even have them.When in D, the car will switch between all the gears as appropriate, allowing you to get to high speeds efficiently. the lower the D number, the lower the top gear of the car, so if you're towing a heavy trailer, keep it in D2 or D3, because you need a lot of torque . If you're stuck in snow or mud, use D1 to get the max torque.
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In American football the ball is held in a players' hand for most of the game, then why is it called football?
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All the codes of football - American, association , Australian, rugby, Gaelic - descend from the same sport . Well, it wasn't really a single sport, it was a game that'd have slightly different rules from town to town, some which allowed people to carry the ball and others that didn't, but the idea was roughly the same: two teams trying to get a ball from one end of a field to the other into a designated area. To make it so that people from different areas could play each other, different codified rules were drawn up in the 19th century, resulting in the various codes, and they've gone through changes since then. American football is a later development being an offshoot of rugby, which has more kicking, but does involve a lot of carrying._URL_0_ "Football" used to mean any sport played by players on the ground . Soccer was/is known as football for a time, because it was one of those sports, as was rugby. American football is derived from soccer, but, [in a changeover to rugby-style rules, they did not adopt rugby as the designation], choosing to keep the name football. Association football became "soccer" to Americans to keep the name distinct from "football", while Europe changed rugby's name to rugby and kept "football" as the name for soccerAmerican football, association football , rugby, and a few other games all come from older versions of football. Each of them still uses the name "football" to one degree or another, though the importance of the foot is much less in some. Still, they all have their similarities. Usually 11 players per side, a goal between two goal lines that the ball has to pass, similar-sized fields, etc. There's no really good reason why American football has kept the name "football" for so long, but that's where it comes from.
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When rock climbers use the hardware to climb and they nail them into the side of the mountain, are they retrievable or lost after use?
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There are three main types of hardware used. **Pitons** are hammered in, and left there. You can't re-use old pitons that you find, because they suck, and may have started to work their way out from freeze-thaw. In any case, almost nobody uses them anymore. **Bolts** are permanent fixtures. They are re-useable, but they are drilled into the rock. **"Trad" protection** is temporary, and consists of things that get jammed into cracks in such a way that falling won't pull them out. This includes cams, hexes, nuts, and a couple varieties of specialty hardware. EDIT: I forgot that pitons are still used in "aid climbing", where one actually puts weight on the gear, rather than using it only to protect against a possible fall. I don't know anybody who does it; I suspect that aid climbing is sufficiently rarified as to fall into the "hardly anyone" category. :-)Most climbers these days use temporary protection in the form of cams , nuts and ice screws. Usually people climb in pairs so one climbs placing protection in cracks and other secure points and their partner stays at the bottom and keeps the rope tight until the lead climber reaches a secure rest point and takes control of the rope. Then the belay climbs up to the lead, removing the protection along the way. They then continue up in the same fashion, sometimes leapfrogging each other to swap roles until they reach the top.Sport climbing equipment involves quickdraws which are retrievable immediately, but they're clipped into previously placed bolts which are not. Sport climbing bolts are still removable but only with proper power tools. Trad gear is temporarily placed into cracks for protection and are removable afterwards. Pitons are rare and are hammered into the wall, semi-permanently.
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Why do some viruses look like robots?
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Are you talking about the ones that look like spiders? The "claws" attach them to the cell and the "head" contains the infectious nucleic acids. The "mouth" injects the infectious material into the cellViruses are very small so small that their shells are made up of a reasonably small number of protein building blocks . Because of that, viruses tend to have regular shapes involving lots of straight lines and angles, and this means some of them wind up looking like robotsViruses have evolved to be efficient replicators. Some viruses have developed structures that look "robotic" that aid in attaching to cells and injecting genetic material for making copies of itself.
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How does water get from its source to coming out of my taps?
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Here is how it is done where I'm from. Pumps pull water from wells around the region, we have about 10 to serve a population of about 18k. As the water comes out of the wells it is mixed with chlorine to help clean it. The pressure from these pumps feeds the water to what's called a Lift Station. These lift stations are basically large pumps which pump the water uphill to tanks on higher ground than the rest of the region. Because some of our wells have arsenic in them the lift stations pump that water to an arsenic treatment plant first. After getting treated for arsenic the water then makes it's way to the tanks. Once the water is in the tanks gravity takes over. Pipes carry the water downhill to homes and businesses. This is the source of pressure people get when they open their tap.
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How do peepholes work?
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So basically the peephole is fitted with a special type of convex lens, some call it a fish hook lens that takes a wide view on one side and condenses it. By nature a lens takes light rays and creates a fake image or real image depending on distance and other factors. The reason you are able to see clearly is because the light rays are actually intersecting on your side whereas for the guy on the outside, they aren't so the result is a distorted and blurry image.
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On some electronic devices, it will say something like "16GB of internal, expandable to 32GB" with a microSD card. Why the cap?
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It's likely because they didn't bother writing the software to index to that much memory. Meaning, on any given operating system it takes some thought as to how to store things in memory and get them back our again. It's a bit more complicated than just putting someone in a bin and getting it back out. It's likely that they simply didn't bother writing the software to use more than 32GB
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Why is CNN perceived as a bad network?
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CNN has a 24-hour news channel, and in order to get the ratings necessary to justify its existence, it has to do more than just repeat major headlines every ten minutes. So they try to find whatever they can to fill time and entice people to tune in multiple times a day for more than just a few minutes. What this means, though, is that they often have to stretch to find enough "news" to fill their time, and then their anchors have to talk about it, even if it's completely boring, uninteresting, and ridiculous. And they do this so much that it starts becoming habit to just blurt out stuff about a news story because they're afraid of having nothing to say and having dead-air. So despite the fact CNN has some good news anchors and often does a decent job of reporting, there are too many instances of gaffes, mistakes, and ridiculousness for people to take the whole network seriously. And it gives comedy shows enough material to make great jokes at their expenseIt's bad because they sensationalize the news. The coverage of the Boston bomber was a mess, the coverage of the missing airliner from Malaysia was a mess, they use the same clickbait wording for stories "at 10:00" to keep people interested about some half assed study how having a swimming pool increases your odds of drowning. Then they have the audacity to preface statements with something like "this is pure speculation ". I watch/read/listen to the news for facts not high school gossip and hearsay speculation. This is like someone saying "no offense, but you're an asshole". All they care about is ratings and they will try to get them any way they can. Now let me put my own bullshit aside to say that all the news networks do this to varying degrees and CNN is nowhere near the only one.
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Why do voices and some instruments vibrato?
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Why? Vibrato adds a lot of warmth to a musical note. By very slightly fluctuating your pitch, you are able to include more audio frequencies than just the single note's frequency by itself. So, the note you're projecting sounds a lot louder, warmer, fuller, etc. Also, vibrato is a clever way for many singers to slightly "auto-correct" their pitch. If you're slightly flat or sharp at the beginning of a longer note, you can use vibrato to sort of "shimmy" your voice into the right pitch before anyone really notices. Some people just have a great natural vibrato in their singing voice. Maybe they learned it as a kid by imitating other singers and unknowingly practiced it, but generally, it's a skill that's taught just like any other aspect of playing an instrument. With most musical instruments, they start teaching vibrato techniques as an intermediate-level skill.
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Why does a cold feel worse in the morning when you wake up?
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Mucus pooling in your head. Once you're upright it will start to drain out and your symptoms will diminish. Try sleeping on an incline and it may mitigate some of the morning effect.Maybe because you are lying down and the mucus is just sitting in your nose and throat instead of draining to your stomach or out your noseIt could be because you are slightly dehydrated in the mornings, after exhaling small amounts of water vapor all night and possibly drooling.
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Why does mail polish dry quicker on false nails as opposed to natural nails?
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Nail polish dry by the solvent evaporating. The surface should not affect this drying time. I bet if you did a test where you painted a fake and real nail simultaneously you'd find they dried at the same time.
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How to calculate how high will the sea level rise because of global warming...
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The Earth is a geoid, not a sphere. Bringing this up means I am telling you that the math is really beyond ELI5. Another way to say it is that the Earth is an oblate spheroid, fat at the middle. The calculation will involve the expansion of the sea water in the oceans as the temperature rises. This is part of the volume of the oceans which fill the low places of the Earth. Ocean depth ranges from miles deep at the trenches to zero at the beach. All of this water will expand with rising temperatures. It is simpler to look at the geological record, the old bathtub rings. The ocean has been higher before but never covering Mt. Everest. Yes Mt. Everest is old seabed. But that is another story. There is a range of sea levels depending on how much ice is frozen at the poles. The sea level will never rise above that achieved when all the polar ice is melted. This has happened in the past.
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