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" Cater 2 U " received mixed reviews from music critics who , despite generally praising its composition and the group members ' vocal performances , criticized the lyrical content . The song was nominated in two categories at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards in 2006 and received an award for Best R & B / Soul Single , G... | 4ba9154ac82bf2987214d80aa784b14c | 28,706 |
A music video for the song was filmed by Jake Nava and shot at the Red Rock Canyon State Park in California . It features the trio at a desert with each member singing at a separate set and later a choreographed dance during the chorus . To further promote " Cater 2 U " , Destiny 's Child performed the song during sev... | 37477a69620ee17fb283c94b792ee1e2 | 28,707 |
= = Background = =
| d514b18e9690308b2ac67a227be74a70 | 28,709 |
" Cater 2 U " was written by band members Beyoncé , Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams along with Rodney " Darkchild " Jerkins , Ricky " Ric Rude " Lewis and Robert Waller . The production was handled by Beyoncé , Rude and Jerkins with the band members also serving as the vocal producers . The song was recorded in 20... | d71af03a039ee199b30ad832dd674f0d | 28,711 |
During an interview with MTV News , Beyoncé talked about the meaning of the song : " It basically talks about how a guy inspires you ... You want to make him happy and you want to cater to him . I know it 's going to be surprising to a lot of people that the independent survivors are being submissive to their man , bu... | 43b4d15cc151726e2a5ad0259e37cf8e | 28,712 |
= = = Lawsuit = = =
| 09a6b9d1868acea88298617f8263e665 | 28,714 |
Chicago @-@ based singer @-@ songwriter Rickey Allen pushed allegations that " Cater 2 U " was inspired by a song he had composed with the same title and spelling , which was copyrighted in the mid @-@ 1990s and 2000 and performed locally during that time . He claimed he handed over a version to producer Maurice Joshu... | 21b0e6210f51675a4376d4af109ec60e | 28,716 |
= = Composition = =
| 877ada88b88d531934189955d86ea716 | 28,718 |
" Cater 2 U " is a four @-@ minute long R & B ballad . In her book American Music , Nicolae Sfetcu found influences of quiet storm in the song 's composition . According to the sheet music published on the website Musicnotes.com by Sony / ATV Music Publishing , " Cater 2 U " was composed using common time in the key o... | 150b2b5716869833413dacff34303778 | 28,720 |
Lyrically , " Cater 2 U " talks about females wanting to submissevely serve their male love interests and take care of them as they admire their hard work and are inspired by them . The trio further sings about the men of their lives and the way in which they will take care of them . " Cater 2 U " was written as a con... | 8a714967b0b18881b267fa7af49e7ed3 | 28,721 |
Beyoncé opens the song listing the things she would do for her man during her verses : brush his hair , take his shoes off , give him a manicure , rub his feet , help him put his do @-@ rag on , undo his cufflinks . She also sings the lines " Let me feed you , let me run your bath water , whatever you desire " after t... | fc4885f19ddc911fffc972d5690b0cff | 28,722 |
= = Critical reception = =
| 665d8b05c2aaeb7152997a12a8446d6b | 28,724 |
Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly noted the song was one of Destiny Fulfilled 's " nice bits here and there " , adding , " the pillow @-@ talky pandering of ' Cater 2 U ' ... is hard to resist . " AllMusic 's writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine included " Cater 2 U " as one of the highlights on the album . Slant Magazin... | 457436ad1c43dc38fb143bb611922505 | 28,726 |
The lyrics of the song were criticized with BBC 's Nick Reynolds saying that although the group " reinvent [ ed ] themselves as domestic goddesses for some lucky man " , the song was neither convincing nor good . He further opined " I thought they were supposed to be independent women ? ! " juxtaposing it with the gro... | 6d7ae73a2653e12cd265eb90f7e43872 | 28,727 |
= = = Recognition = = =
| e7a121e6463386816f1d8935404fcdd8 | 28,729 |
At the 48th Annual Grammy Awards in 2006 , " Cater 2 U " was nominated in two categories : Best R & B Song and Best R & B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals ultimately losing in both . The same year , the song won an award for Best R & B / Soul Single , Group , Band or Duo at the 2006 Soul Train Music Awards . ... | 37aa80c30e7b17761b5dabb4facd7f6f | 28,731 |
= = Chart performance = =
| f8db7836d7652a1fea3ff19b7338a38a | 28,733 |
In the US , the song entered at number 95 on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for the chart issue dated April 30 , 2005 . In its fifth week of charting it moved to number 83 on May 28 . After several weeks of ascending the chart , " Cater 2 U " peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week ending Aug... | 0598f044c394c16c835f21bca5b6381d | 28,735 |
In the Netherlands , " Cater 2 U " peaked at number 60 in its first week of charting on September 17 , 2005 . " Cater 2 U " debuted at number 20 on the Ultratip chart in the Flanders region of Belgium and moved to its peak position of 18 the following week on October 8 , 2005 which also became its final . It performed... | a09d0bd76a72bc10b4ca62ba84bda9cc | 28,736 |
= = Music video = =
| bb0e955fef2ebdb16deb161be8b43293 | 28,738 |
The music video for " Cater 2 U " was directed by Jake Nava . It was shot back to back with the video for " Girl " and large parts were filmed at Red Rock Canyon State Park in California . On July 5 , 2005 , the music video was released on MTV 's official website . It is also featured on the DualDisc edition of the al... | ca605fb5424640701f0c63001672ee55 | 28,740 |
While reviewing the video of " Cater 2 U " , Rashaun Hall of MTV News felt that " [ the trio ] have decided to go au naturale — tastefully , of course " . He further concluded that the clip " is all about scenery and the beauty of the trio " . In their book Music Video and the Politics of Representation , Diane Railto... | 833982a9d5f92624b09cd77598f5c63e | 28,741 |
" Indeed , the abstracted emptiness of its desert spaces , the posed tableaux of the women 's bodies and the noticeable lack of attention directed to its male subjects by both the camera and the group , does not simply jar with the lyrical narrative of female subordination but in fact reinforces the image of Destiny '... | 97497d2f1dcfccce6235a8381212ebe2 | 28,742 |
= = Live performances and cover version = =
| 5e7c609fb0c0fc137bd0d792275621e8 | 28,744 |
On November 16 , 2004 Destiny 's Child performed " Cater 2 U " during the television show Good Morning America broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) . The song was performed on June 28 during the 2005 BET Awards in Los Angeles . Midway through the performance , for which the members wore form @-@ fitt... | c7a43d132a0df9e5c834490a303c740e | 28,746 |
In 2005 , " Cater 2 U " was part of the set list of the group 's final tour Destiny Fulfilled ... and Lovin ' It where they performed it in the same style as during the BET Awards , following the popularity of that performance . During the performance , the trio , dressed in long blue floor @-@ length gowns , called t... | 08813e268841a0898e863a0c8cbbc9c3 | 28,747 |
= = Credits and personnel = =
| 8c01737c53763a916f2b3cdc47c769d8 | 28,749 |
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of the album Destiny Fulfilled .
| 4c67bdd6ac0453a531dc2ecf8e599f47 | 28,751 |
Lead vocals : Beyoncé Knowles , Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams
| fdc74abc7f79203110f3ac90e749549e | 28,752 |
Vocal production : Beyoncé Knowles , Kelly Rowland , and Tenitra Michelle Williams
| 647b424d2eee6e8c5eb63938e05dad09 | 28,753 |
Recording : Jeff Villanueva and Jim Caruna at Sony Music Studios , NYC
| 7031d8bedfc6f6dc5c5e4bf202678f45 | 28,754 |
Audio mixing : Tony Maserati
| 4009e3aba1c113b6a160ab8db79411e6 | 28,755 |
Audio mastering : Tom Coyne
| 27881f99defbbc074add59ab00059434 | 28,756 |
Guitarist : Tim Stewart
| cd0a40c3ba9731ec0b113c33f66ed394 | 28,757 |
= = Formats and track listings = =
| 41d1726adfa893188afa0c7f4858db1d | 28,759 |
= = Charts = =
| 90f35011b6980d435aa1b79c3f9a1227 | 28,762 |
= = Certifications = =
| 0e9b54f82c0d9ef507bc999bfe4cf31a | 28,765 |
= = Release history = =
| f568ad47276897279941a886160497d8 | 28,768 |
= Marshall Applewhite =
| dfa6bc668d38575cecd1cb150959a40d | 28,772 |
Marshall Herff Applewhite , Jr . ( May 17 , 1931 – March 26 , 1997 ) , also known as " Bo " and " Do " , among other names , was an American cult leader who founded what became known as the Heaven 's Gate religious group and organized their mass suicide in 1997 - claiming the lives of thirty @-@ nine people .
| bdb2aa5ce9d2af4754fe29d4e4860922 | 28,774 |
A native of Texas , Applewhite attended several universities and , as a young man , served in the United States Army . After finishing school at Austin College , he taught music at the University of Alabama . He later returned to Texas , where he led choruses and served as the chair of the music department at the Univ... | 43d8906670d0c26526675411afe700cf | 28,775 |
After Applewhite 's release , he traveled to California and Oregon with Nettles , eventually gaining a group of committed followers . Applewhite and Nettles told their followers that they would be visited by extraterrestrials who would provide them with new bodies . Applewhite initially stated that he and his follower... | b2e16a414ffca0d6707f9ff23a633902 | 28,776 |
The group received an influx of funds in the late 1970s , which it used to pay housing and other expenses . In 1985 , Nettles died , leaving Applewhite distraught and challenging his views on physical ascension . In the early 1990s the group took more steps to publicize their theology . In 1996 , they learned of the a... | 178b8c8505e6c7603b8094a2705003d9 | 28,777 |
= = Early life and education = =
| a29ef8d3863bd76967aa4abb13f91b28 | 28,779 |
Marshall Herff Applewhite was born in Spur , Texas , on May 17 , 1931 , to Marshall Herff Applewhite Sr. and his wife Louise née Winfield ; he had three siblings . The son of a Presbyterian minister , Applewhite became very religious as a child .
| f3ee2a30c2a760bc352f93d3a1fd9b21 | 28,781 |
Applewhite attended Corpus Christi High School and Austin College ; at the latter school , he was active in several student organizations and was moderately religious . He earned a bachelor 's degree in philosophy in 1952 and subsequently enrolled at Union Presbyterian Seminary to study theology , hoping to become a m... | 3ce5da69afd403efd66797ec965ea47d | 28,782 |
= = Career = =
| 46d66cdd8e6cc1ca11d9faaf4214751f | 28,784 |
Applewhite moved to New York City in an unsuccessful attempt to launch a professional singing career upon finishing his education in Colorado . He then taught at the University of Alabama . He lost his position there after pursuing a sexual relationship with a male student ; his religious education was likely not supp... | 2a6d343f6beaaedb57abfc973f20543d | 28,786 |
After leaving the University of Alabama , Applewhite moved to Houston , Texas , in 1965 to teach at the University of St. Thomas . His students regarded him as an engaging speaker and a stylish dresser . He served as chair of the music department ; he also became a locally popular singer , serving as the choral direct... | b8c32743ef1ed12a64107ed4903fd3c4 | 28,787 |
In 1971 , Applewhite briefly moved to New Mexico , where he operated a delicatessen . He was popular with customers but decided to return to Texas later that year . His father died around that time ; the loss took a significant emotional toll on him , causing severe depression . His debts mounted , forcing him to borr... | 22f4664f4de40bf1862ff4154e93ae99 | 28,788 |
= = Introduction to Nettles and first travels = =
| 01b9af3911e122e73d00b27aa8467455 | 28,790 |
In 1972 , Applewhite met Bonnie Nettles , a nurse with an interest in theosophy and Biblical prophecy . The two quickly became close friends ; he later recalled that he felt like he had known her for a long time and concluded that they had met in a past life . She told him their meeting had been foretold to her by ext... | bcacd0bdb832da26a0edd6ab65448a6d | 28,792 |
Applewhite soon began to live with Nettles . Although they cohabited , their relationship was not a sexual one , fulfilling his longtime wish to have a deep and loving , yet platonic , relationship . She was married with two children , but after she became close with Applewhite , her husband divorced her , and she los... | 378b74bb9c2e54938132c169b80d0fc4 | 28,793 |
Applewhite and Nettles opened a bookstore known as the Christian Arts Center , which carried books from a variety of spiritual backgrounds . They also launched a venture known as Know Place to teach classes on mysticism and theosophy . They closed these businesses a short time later . In February 1973 , they resolved ... | 2fa7d568bb8af71e03f7c6f20bd54a18 | 28,794 |
While traveling , Applewhite and Nettles pondered the life of St. Francis of Assisi and read works by authors including Helena Blavatsky , R. D. Laing , and Richard Bach . They kept a King James Version of the Bible with them and studied several passages from the New Testament , focusing on teachings about Christology... | df9f723ee876a35023862718251dc275 | 28,795 |
= = Arrest and proselytism = =
| c82a04d190df2e26876cc2262da380a2 | 28,797 |
In August 1974 , Applewhite was arrested in Harlingen , Texas , for failing to return a car that he had rented in Missouri . He was extradited to St. Louis and jailed for six months . At the time , he maintained that he had been " divinely authorized " to keep the car . While jailed , he pondered theology and subseque... | e3b0a78e9e1df707575d5d713b7f0b33 | 28,799 |
After Applewhite 's release , he and Nettles resolved to contact extraterrestrials and they sought like @-@ minded followers . They published advertisements for meetings , where they recruited disciples , whom they called " crew " . At the events , they purported to represent beings from another planet , the Next Leve... | 43c30e53dec45d79f755013c8ca9e6e3 | 28,800 |
Applewhite believed in the ancient astronaut hypothesis , which claimed that extraterrestrials had visited humanity in the past and placed humans on Earth and would return to collect a select few . Parts of this teaching bear similarities to the Reformed Christian concept of election , likely owing to Applewhite 's Pr... | 7e7c95e05e459b2fddd7eb9a47cf5a1a | 28,801 |
Applewhite and Nettles sent advertisements to groups in California and were invited to speak to New Age devotees there in April 1975 . At this meeting , they persuaded about half of the 50 attendees to follow them . They also focused on college campuses , speaking at Cañada College in August . At a meeting in Oregon i... | 290fc5efcf0a7557591450e70c69a78b | 28,802 |
Benjamin E. Zeller , an academic who studies new religions , notes that Applewhite and Nettles ' teachings focused on salvation through individual growth and sees this as similar to currents in the era 's New Age movement . Likewise , the importance of personal choice was also emphasized . Applewhite and Nettles denie... | 2fec484fc642b4cf1bbfc27c3d09d4a8 | 28,803 |
= = Nomadic lifestyle = =
| e19a351a72de7ed058a26687de592bd0 | 28,805 |
By 1975 , Applewhite and Nettles had taken the names " Bo " and " Peep " . They had about 70 followers and saw themselves as shepherds tending a flock . Applewhite believed that complete separation from Earthly desires was a prerequisite of ascension to the Next Level and emphasized passages in the New Testament in wh... | a9676136c8d567b3e517bfbb6866ebae | 28,807 |
Applewhite and Nettles feared that they would be assassinated , and taught their followers that their deaths would be similar to those of the two witnesses of the Book of Revelation . Balch and Taylor believe that Applewhite 's prison experience and early rejection by audiences contributed to this fear . Applewhite an... | 5b1fdb348f95f387a8c2b0d9096fe434 | 28,808 |
By early 1976 , Applewhite and Nettles had settled on the names " Do " and " Ti " ; Applewhite stated that these were meaningless names . In June 1976 , they gathered their remaining followers at Medicine Bow National Forest in Southeastern Wyoming , promising a UFO visit . Nettles later announced that the visit had b... | 1e237065a3c323b82197cc3684831854 | 28,809 |
From 1976 to 1979 , the group lived in campgrounds , usually in the Rocky Mountains or Texas . Applewhite and Nettles began to place greater demands on their followers ' heretofore loosely structured lives , which improved membership retention . They typically communicated with their disciples in writing or through as... | 779d0941a91143dcc45c4001ccd3bc20 | 28,810 |
= = Housing and control = =
| 6d1620c8742b1e5f71cb88ca785328d3 | 28,812 |
In the late 1970s , the group received a large sum of money , possibly an inheritance of a member or donations of followers ' income . This capital was used to rent houses , initially in Denver and later in Dallas . Applewhite and Nettles had about 40 followers then and lived in two or three houses : the leaders usual... | 81ee47db7786c0e8ca415410a43a36ed | 28,814 |
Applewhite and Nettles sometimes made sudden , drastic changes to the group . On one occasion in Texas , they told their followers of a forthcoming visitation from extraterrestrials and instructed them to wait outside all night , at which point they informed them that this had been merely a test . Lalich sees this as ... | 64c92c69d2948b22f4181fa372e4f5ad | 28,815 |
In 1980 , Applewhite and Nettles had about 80 followers , many of whom held jobs , often working with computers or as car mechanics . In 1982 , Applewhite and Nettles allowed their disciples to call their families . They further relaxed their control in 1983 , permitting their followers to visit relatives on Mother 's... | 5360ac0d95a3823a24e86c857a23bc24 | 28,816 |
= = Nettles ' death = =
| 7bafe6fb79c5c98acd546c9c2ded796d | 28,818 |
In 1983 , Nettles had an eye surgically removed as a result of cancer diagnosed several years earlier . She lived for two more years , dying in 1985 . Applewhite told their followers that she had " traveled to the Next Level " because she had " too much energy to remain on Earth " , abandoning her body to make the jou... | dfc5ef64dc0448b0d2afbaa593316588 | 28,820 |
Applewhite began to emphasize a strict hierarchy , teaching that his students needed his guidance , as he needed the guidance of the Next Level . Zeller notes that this naturally ensured that there would be no possibility of the group 's continuing if Applewhite were to die . A relationship with Applewhite was said to... | 15d396e7418510e8daf9c8e2c69ddd4a | 28,821 |
After Nettles ' death , Applewhite also altered his view of ascension : previously , he had taught that the group would physically ascend from the Earth and that death caused reincarnation , but her death - which left behind an unchanged , corporeal body - forced him to say that the ascension could be spiritual . He t... | 0e98e835f00ece2c7b5042aff92881c8 | 28,822 |
Applewhite taught that he was a walk @-@ in , a concept that had gained popularity in the New Age movement during the late 1970s . Walk @-@ ins were said to be higher beings who took control of adult bodies to teach humanity . This concept informed Applewhite 's view of resurrection : he believed that his group 's sou... | 41a4c8e71c3475c6f2603f42cba0b972 | 28,823 |
In the wake of Nettles ' death , Applewhite became increasingly paranoid , fearing a conspiracy against his group . One member who joined in the mid @-@ 1980s recalled that Applewhite avoided new converts , worrying that they were infiltrators . He feared a government raid on their home and spoke highly of the Jewish ... | 837c7b8207a1a0330bd8442d48a86960 | 28,824 |
= = Obscurity and evangelism = =
| 7c2811786a25767f0276cdd843788c9b | 28,826 |
In the late 1980s , the group kept a low profile ; few people knew it still existed . In 1988 , they mailed a document that detailed their beliefs to a variety of New Age organizations . The mailing contained information about their history and advised people to read several books , which primarily focused on Christia... | a22cf56b48c84e38dcaffdfd0d72da5b | 28,828 |
Over the course of the group 's existence , several hundred people joined and left . In the early 1990s , their membership dwindled , numbering as few as 26 ; these defections gave Applewhite a sense of urgency . In May 1993 , the group took the name " Total Overcomers Anonymous " . They then spent $ 30 @,@ 000 to pub... | 2fc3da18f70e9d350f9c717e84671b53 | 28,829 |
In the early 1990s , Applewhite posted some of his teachings on the Internet , but he was stung by the resulting criticism . That year , he first spoke of the possibility of suicide as a way to reach the Next Level . He explained that everything " human " had to be forsaken , including the human body , before one coul... | fd4b6a4e9e3ef549251aa4ee77380e51 | 28,830 |
From June to October 1995 , the group lived in a rural part of New Mexico . They purchased 40 acres ( 0 @.@ 16 km2 ) and built a compound — which they referred to as the " Earth ship " — using tires and lumber ; Applewhite hoped to establish a monastery . This proved to be a difficult endeavor , particularly for the a... | b004fb9112a2c443ce2db1f2d350d660 | 28,831 |
The group increasingly focused on the suppression of sexual desire ; Applewhite and seven others opted for surgical castration . They initially had difficulty finding a willing surgeon , but eventually found one in Mexico . In Applewhite 's view , sexuality was one of the most powerful forces that bound humans to thei... | f15c7e84e7d14194267af86d89965ea9 | 28,832 |
= = Mass suicide = =
| f21705235bc4b8a3fb234bf6f04e99a6 | 28,834 |
In October 1996 , the group rented a mansion in Rancho Santa Fe , California . That year , they recorded two video messages in which they offered their viewers a " last chance to evacuate Earth " . Around the same time , they learned of the approach of Comet Hale – Bopp . Applewhite now believed that Nettles was aboar... | 99f345b65e9b8a88af43adc112314431 | 28,836 |
In late March 1997 , the group isolated themselves and recorded farewell statements . Many members praised Applewhite in their final messages ; Davis describes their remarks as " regurgitations of Do 's gospel " . Applewhite recorded a video shortly before his death , in which he termed the suicides the " Final exit "... | ff027eedbe3e29009d4228a152ff0096 | 28,837 |
Religious scholar Catherine Wessinger posits that the suicides began on March 22 . Most members took barbiturates and alcohol and then placed bags over their heads . They wore Nike shoes and black uniforms with patches that read " Heaven 's Gate Away Team " . A bag that contained a few dollars and a form of identifica... | 620e1a7f8c4c3acfca90fbb8fb7dbf6e | 28,838 |
The deaths provoked a media circus , and Applewhite 's face was featured on the covers of Time and Newsweek on April 7 . His final message was widely broadcast ; Hugh Urban of Ohio State University describes his appearance in the video as " wild @-@ eyed [ and ] rather alarming " .
| 1cbf67e10cac56acd752573e3cc44b11 | 28,839 |
= = Analysis = =
| 3d9ca6fcebb3b63a5b4cce4a50147fca | 28,841 |
Although many popular commentators , including psychologist Margaret Singer , speculate that Applewhite brainwashed his followers , many academics have rejected the " brainwashing " label as an oversimplification that does not express the nuances of the process by which the followers were influenced . Lalich speculate... | 84ef77d68ec82ab29ec2c5a293765bef | 28,843 |
Lewis argues that Applewhite effectively controlled his followers by packaging his teachings in familiar terms . Richard Hecht of the University of California , Santa Barbara , echoes this sentiment , arguing that members of the group killed themselves because they believed the narrative that he had constructed , rath... | 1a556bcffa9e77dc5e9059e8ef93b97b | 28,844 |
Urban writes that Applewhite 's life displays " the intense ambivalence and alienation shared by many individuals lost in late twentieth @-@ century capitalist society " . He notes that Applewhite 's condemnations of contemporary culture bear similarities to those of Jean Baudrillard at times , particularly their shar... | 3872311ffbf9665fd4ef8dbea1df93c2 | 28,845 |
While covering the suicides , several media outlets focused on Applewhite 's sexuality ; the New York Post dubbed him " the Gay Guru " . Gay rights activist Troy Perry argued that Applewhite 's repression , and society 's rejection , of same @-@ sex relationships ultimately led to his suicide . This idea has failed to... | 5c722640a2fed09473fc86e5e4983263 | 28,846 |
Lalich states that Applewhite fit " the traditional view of a charismatic leader " , and Evan Thomas deems him a " master manipulator " . Lifton compares Applewhite to Shoko Asahara , the founder of Aum Shinrikyo , describing him as " equally controlling , his paranoia and megalomania gentler yet ever present " . Chri... | c2a1e48bafe65d9aad490265bc059b54 | 28,847 |
= Arbeideren ( Hamar ) =
| af7d769de7ebee1bfec4654f39fc2939 | 28,850 |
Arbeideren ( " The Worker " ) was a Norwegian newspaper , published in Hamar , Hedmark county . It was started in 1909 as the press organ of the Labour Party in Hedemarken and its adjoining regions , and was called Demokraten ( " The Democrat " ) until 1923 . It was issued three days a week between 1909 and 1913 , six... | fb55e4c3909ba1477bf9643ec20593d6 | 28,852 |
The chief editors of the newspaper were Olav Kringen ( 1909 – 1913 ) , Ole Holmen ( 1912 – 1913 ) , Fredrik Monsen ( 1913 – 1916 ) , Paul O. Løkke ( 1916 – 1919 ) , Alfred Aakermann ( 1919 – 1920 ) , Olav Larssen ( 1920 – 1927 ) , and finally Trond Hegna , Ingvald B. Jacobsen , Olav Scheflo , Eivind Petershagen , and ... | a5985c33d055084a1982be04ccf68004 | 28,853 |
= = Pre @-@ history = =
| d59bf7bf7072f53e23717ad93c05a6e5 | 28,855 |
Demokraten was originally the name of a short @-@ lived newspaper in Hamar started by Leopold Rasmussen in 1852 , connected to the Marcus Thrane movement . Rasmussen started a second newspaper , Oplands @-@ Posten , in Hamar later in 1852 , to compete with his own Demokraten . An organ for the social liberal labour mo... | 3b35132720d7d7e43eba142a87ad5530 | 28,857 |
A countywide chapter of the Labour Party was established in Hedmark in mid @-@ November 1904 . After the countywide party convention in Stange in 1906 , the convention summary had to be printed in the Kristiania @-@ based newspaper Social @-@ Demokraten , as it lacked its own local newspaper . The county board thus de... | b2adccd933d358d205a5127ed6853c98 | 28,858 |
= = Labour Party period = =
| e65855cbb8c3fbc3cf7fc58d3cfa1a0e | 28,860 |
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