text stringlengths 4 7.07k | text_hash stringlengths 32 32 | __index_level_0__ int64 1 1.81M |
|---|---|---|
= Copia ( museum ) =
| cc676c266b745de8bf879e3ba595ce1b | 35,404 |
Copia : The American Center for Wine , Food & the Arts was a non @-@ profit museum and educational center in downtown Napa , California , dedicated to wine , food and the arts of American culture . The center , planned and largely funded by vintners Robert and Margrit Mondavi , was open from 2001 to 2008 . The museum ... | 2cb8e69da3ecb60ae8b669b0ed8382ac | 35,406 |
Copia hosted its opening celebration on November 18 , 2001 . Among other notable people , Julia Child helped fund the venture , which established a restaurant named Julia 's Kitchen . Copia struggled to achieve its anticipated admissions , and had difficulty in repaying its debts . Proceeds from ticket sales , members... | 989242e774384a5159c4b5fc9e8dcc29 | 35,407 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 35,409 |
= = = Name = = =
| eb5ead79aa419cfbcc57c0d78f59870b | 35,412 |
The museum was named after Copia , the Roman goddess of wealth and plenty . According to Joseph Spence in Polymetis ( 1755 ) , Copia is a name used to describe the goddess Abundantia in poetry , and was referred to as Bona Copia in Ovid 's Metamorphoses .
| fe8d3eff9d10a5d64a6e315f9e78d3c7 | 35,414 |
= = = Background = = =
| ea9ac47e32ffc41a1781ee037f9f0838 | 35,416 |
The city of Napa has historically not received as many wine country tourists as the cities north of it . A $ 300 million flood management project around the turn of the 21st century to widen the Napa River and raise bridges prompted building developments . In the early 2000s , a large development was completed in the ... | 97dedb2dec87cca93e279087f95c629c | 35,418 |
The museum opened in 2001 , two months after the September 11 attacks . The museum 's visitor attendance was much lower than what was projected ; the museum partially attributed that to the depressed tourist economy stemming from the attacks .
| 1e6acfd04a39925dc942ba3ea98087da | 35,419 |
= = = Conception and construction = = =
| 0fbffe0e836a7df01ecfb4cb6acaec44 | 35,421 |
In 1988 , vintner Robert Mondavi , his wife Margrit Mondavi , and other members of the wine industry began to look into establishing an institution in Napa County to educate , promote , and celebrate American excellence and achievements in the culinary arts , visual arts , and winemaking . Three organizations supporte... | e289ec51b4586e36a6b37dd568ef1719 | 35,423 |
When the organization purchased the property , it was an empty lot next to a tire store . Steve Carlin , founder of the Oxbow Public Market , believed that Copia 's establishment helped expand Napa , its downtown area , and the Oxbow District . Construction of the facility triggered a significant growth in development... | 639e8caa83780105f83ec85ef2914749 | 35,424 |
= = = Decline and bankruptcy = = =
| b10a0f8e1adeeaca04f78a99103b089d | 35,426 |
Although the facility did attract visitors , local residents ' support failed to reach the numbers expected by the founders . Original projections of 300 @,@ 000 admissions per year were never met . In October 2006 , the museum announced plans to turn galleries into conference rooms , remove most of the museum 's focu... | 913fe8d42bc4af2dc1ef5dba62f8ab55 | 35,428 |
In September 2008 , Garry McGuire announced that 24 of 80 employees were being laid off and the days of operation would be reduced from 7 to 3 per week . Attendance figures had never reached either original or updated projections , causing the facility to operate annually in the red since its opening . In November , h... | 40fb46a68dbc6120175809fae43374f4 | 35,429 |
Writing about the failure of the project , The New York Times and other newspapers suggested that Copia had failed to clearly define its focus . Potential tourists were left feeling unsure whether they were visiting a museum , a cooking school , or a promotional center for wine .
| a39f97b1bd2426297174a2d2962d4173 | 35,430 |
= = = Aftermath = = =
| 4877d6b29d922ce540e5160bb4df33f5 | 35,432 |
Following the 2008 closing of Copia , a group of investors , developers , advocates , and vintners named the Coalition to Preserve Copia was formed to explore a plan to preserve the building and grounds . Part of the group 's plan included forming a Mello @-@ Roos district with participation of local hotel properties ... | c595dfa59c520ea6b8bb6eecf8361886 | 35,434 |
Since Copia 's closure , the building has been used for a few meetings and events , including the Napa Valley Film Festival and BottleRock Napa Valley . Triad Development arranged to buy the entire site in 2015 and planned mixed use with housing and retail . The company planned to build up to 187 housing units , 30 @,... | 47190f1594a9c3fce1a2acd427f90934 | 35,435 |
= = Facilities = =
| 9d860dee8b263e38296963680d79434d | 35,437 |
Copia is located on First Street in downtown Napa , adjacent to the Oxbow Public Market . The 12 @-@ acre ( 4 @.@ 9 ha ) property is surrounded by an oxbow of the Napa River . The two @-@ story building is 78 @,@ 632 square feet ( 7 @,@ 305 @.@ 2 m2 ) in size , and is primarily built from polished concrete , metal , a... | 4766ad36018f149f3806c7535e7c7e60 | 35,439 |
It had a 13 @,@ 000 @-@ square @-@ foot ( 1 @,@ 200 m2 ) gallery for art , history , and science exhibits . It also had a 280 @-@ seat indoor theater , a 500 @-@ seat outdoor theater , classrooms , an 80 @-@ seat demonstration kitchen , a rare book library , a wine @-@ tasting area , a café ( named American Market Caf... | d670a5e1456e5d71284cdd90b587887f | 35,440 |
The main and permanent exhibition of the museum , called " Forks in the Road : Food , Wine and the American Table " , had displays explaining the origins of cooking through to modern advances , and included a significant portion about the history of American winemaking . The museum 's opening art exhibition was called... | dda109705e204f003c789634c6acb351 | 35,441 |
= = Employees and visitor admissions = =
| 3969713195ef66bac4a2b7c1fcacdf83 | 35,443 |
The founding director , Peggy Loar , left Copia in March 2005 , and was replaced by Arthur Jacobus that July ; in 2008 Jacobus was replaced by Chairman Garry McGuire Jr . , who resigned on December 5 , 2008 . The wine curator , Peter Marks , left around 2008 and was replaced with dean of wine studies Andrea Robinson .... | 56f36e9c46ef9527680cdbf119da9ca0 | 35,445 |
Museum attendance was initially forecast at 300 @,@ 000 ; to compare , the county had 4 @.@ 5 million tourists in 2001 . 205 @,@ 000 visitors attended in 2001 , 220 @,@ 000 visitors attended in 2002 , and 160 @,@ 000 attended in 2003 . 150 @,@ 000 visitors attended in 2007 .
| d5be59363dfefe2cd0969efd710f8a69 | 35,446 |
= Youth on the Prow , and Pleasure at the Helm =
| c0025cf55fde139a396403ec5a9f7d40 | 35,449 |
Youth on the Prow , and Pleasure at the Helm ( also known as Fair Laughs the Morn and Youth and Pleasure ) is an oil painting on canvas by English artist William Etty , first exhibited in 1832 and currently in Tate Britain . Etty had been planning the painting since 1818 – 19 , and an early version was exhibited in 18... | 100045087a85636ad960e20824519059 | 35,451 |
Etty felt that his approach to the work illustrated a moral warning about the pursuit of pleasure , but his approach was not entirely successful . The Bard was about a supposed curse on the House of Plantagenet placed by a Welsh bard following Edward I of England 's attempts to eradicate Welsh culture , and critics fe... | 37fbde0c4401cb77420986ca56d80d6c | 35,452 |
The painting was bought in 1832 by Robert Vernon to form part of his collection of British art . Vernon donated his collection , including Youth on the Prow , and Pleasure at the Helm , to the National Gallery in 1847 , which , in turn , transferred it to the Tate Gallery in 1949 . It remains one of Etty 's best @-@ k... | b31dae87dc237bd4a5129addbe96d39d | 35,453 |
= = Background = =
| d514b18e9690308b2ac67a227be74a70 | 35,455 |
William Etty , the seventh son of a York baker and miller , had been an apprentice printer in Hull . On completing his seven @-@ year apprenticeship at the age of 18 he moved to London " with a few pieces of chalk crayons " , and the intention of becoming a history painter in the tradition of the Old Masters . He enro... | d095bd9b9205690124e98b49f9927d2e | 35,457 |
In 1821 Etty 's The Arrival of Cleopatra in Cilicia ( also known as The Triumph of Cleopatra ) was a critical success . The painting featured nude figures , and over the following years Etty painted further nudes in biblical , literary and mythological settings . All but one of the 15 paintings Etty exhibited in the 1... | efadfdbcb6b78ddf1ae4aa33cc2d0256 | 35,458 |
While some nudes existed in private collections , England had no tradition of nude painting and the display and distribution of nude material to the public had been suppressed since the 1787 Proclamation for the Discouragement of Vice . Etty was the first British artist to specialise in the nude , and the reaction of ... | aae17f73901c2660a95fc4e6a5e2d35a | 35,459 |
= = Composition = =
| 877ada88b88d531934189955d86ea716 | 35,461 |
Youth on the Prow , and Pleasure at the Helm was inspired by a passage in Thomas Gray 's poem The Bard . The theme of The Bard was the English king Edward I 's conquest of Wales , and a curse placed by a Welsh bard upon Edward 's descendants after he ordered the execution of all bards and the eradication of Welsh cult... | 92c49c299e988d91abde8024e7aa2331 | 35,463 |
Etty chose to illustrate Gray 's words literally , creating what has been described as " a poetic romance " . Youth and Pleasure depicts a small gilded boat . Above the boat , a nude figure representing Zephyr blows on the sails . Another nude representing Pleasure lies on a large bouquet of flowers , loosely holding ... | 6f659690462c7ddaae10eaf20539ab53 | 35,464 |
Etty said of his approach to the text that he was hoping to create " a general allegory of Human Life , its empty vain pleasures — if not founded on the laws of Him who is the Rock of Ages . " While Etty felt that the work conveyed a clear moral warning about the pursuit of pleasure , this lesson was largely lost upon... | 60f34da1f947f1e0bb2978ecfd2d774c | 35,465 |
When Etty exhibited the completed painting at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition in 1832 , it was shown untitled , with the relevant six lines from The Bard attached ; writers at the time sometimes referred to it by its incipit of Fair Laughs the Morn . By the time of Etty 's death in 1849 , it had acquired its prese... | 1e9860ad8687c1d8947ed6578c44439a | 35,466 |
= = Versions = =
| bd7d27b167b994ec6d726d2c15daf5ff | 35,468 |
The final version of Youth and Pleasure was painted between 1830 and 1832 , but Etty had been contemplating a painting on the theme since 1818 – 19 . In 1822 he had exhibited an early version at the British Institution titled A Sketch from One of Gray 's Odes ( Youth on the Prow ) ; in this version the group of figure... | cd6d5d5c3f865ebafca67da417967d4d | 35,470 |
Although it received little notice when first exhibited , the 1822 version provoked a strong reaction from The Times :
| 26a140821c2109871518a872de4fb530 | 35,471 |
We take this opportunity of advising Mr. Etty , who got some reputation for painting " Cleopatra 's Galley " , not to be seduced into a style which can gratify only the most vicious taste . Naked figures , when painted with the purity of Raphael , may be endured : but nakedness without purity is offensive and indecent... | 617704e88a76cdfd6411a71d56e0be45 | 35,472 |
An oil sketch attributed to Etty , given to York Art Gallery in 1952 by Judith Hare , Countess of Listowel and entitled Three Female Nudes , is possibly a preliminary study by Etty for Youth and Pleasure , or a copy by a student of the three central figures . Art historian Sarah Burnage considers both possibilities un... | 2ba531bd08a0ad928bd14639a796a4ca | 35,473 |
= = Reception = =
| f8d79e3fcb54590ed5efe8209a7826d9 | 35,475 |
Youth on the Prow , and Pleasure at the Helm met with a mixed reception on exhibition , and while critics generally praised Etty 's technical ability , there was a certain confusion as to what the painting was actually intended to represent and a general feeling that he had seriously misunderstood what The Bard was ac... | 75a84f3b82315154056eb488ac3f01cf | 35,477 |
Other reviewers were kinder ; The Gentleman 's Magazine praised Etty 's ability to capture " the beauty of the proportion of the antique " , noting that in the central figures " there is far more of classicality than is to be seen in almost any modern picture " , and considered the overall composition " a most fortuna... | 9b96fdae231208926f78db13b27a2c54 | 35,478 |
The greatest criticism of Youth and Pleasure came from The Morning Chronicle , a newspaper which had long disliked Etty 's female nudes . It complained " no decent family can hang such sights against their wall " , and condemned the painting as an " indulgence of what we once hoped a classical , but which are now conv... | 6781d510bc79296234a15a872be69347 | 35,479 |
= = Legacy = =
| b4fa22c13235a44f06adb277883cbe5d | 35,481 |
Youth on the Prow , and Pleasure at the Helm was purchased at the time of its exhibition by Robert Vernon for his important collection of British art . ( The price Vernon paid for Youth and Pleasure is not recorded , although Etty 's cashbook records a partial payment of £ 250 — about £ 21 @,@ 000 in 2016 terms — so i... | 9acb696648b8591098eb58b8f5fc1947 | 35,483 |
When Samuel Carter Hall was choosing works to illustrate his newly launched The Art Journal , he considered it important to promote new British artists , even if it meant illustrations which some readers considered pornographic or offensive . In 1849 Hall secured reproduction rights to the paintings Vernon had given t... | 239dd674301cf5a79b0024bf3d70cb58 | 35,484 |
Needled by repeated attacks from the press on his supposed indecency , poor taste and lack of creativity , Etty changed his approach after the response to Youth on the Prow , and Pleasure at the Helm . He exhibited over 80 further paintings at the Royal Academy alone , and remained a prominent painter of nudes , but f... | fbd92ca248ab2ef4e1a8a81f70a48550 | 35,485 |
In 1949 the painting was transferred from the National Gallery to the Tate Gallery , where as of 2015 it remains . Although Youth and Pleasure is one of Etty 's best @-@ known paintings , it remains controversial , and Dennis Farr 's 1958 biography of Etty describes it as " singularly inept " . It was one of four work... | edace2f404f2444ddedb5dbc1046db83 | 35,486 |
= Mozambican War of Independence =
| 51f9d0cdce04503bae93234ae766f26a | 35,489 |
The Mozambican War of Independence was an armed conflict between the guerrilla forces of the Mozambique Liberation Front or FRELIMO ( Frente de Libertação de Moçambique ) , and Portugal . The war officially started on September 25 , 1964 , and ended with a ceasefire on September 8 , 1974 , resulting in a negotiated in... | 637a0b7bdbe3aaa90607e2de13778daf | 35,491 |
Portugal 's wars against independence guerrilla fighters in its 400 @-@ year @-@ old African territories began in 1961 with Angola . In Mozambique , the conflict erupted in 1964 as a result of unrest and frustration amongst many indigenous Mozambican populations , who perceived foreign rule to be a form of exploitatio... | 7624a9caca7f4fa2f86e101820a66282 | 35,492 |
As successful self @-@ determination movements spread throughout Africa after World War II , many Mozambicans became progressively nationalistic in outlook , and increasingly frustrated by the nation 's continued subservience to foreign rule . For the other side , many enculturated indigenous Africans who were fully i... | 24cdafd74155b1b85009a0a21284887e | 35,493 |
A mass exile of Mozambique 's political intelligentsia to neighbouring countries provided havens from which radical Mozambicans could plan actions and foment political unrest in their homeland . The formation of the Mozambican guerrilla organisation FRELIMO and the support of the Soviet Union , China , Cuba , Yugoslav... | 5b25195f70fdbacf38d816c0eae33b45 | 35,494 |
From a military standpoint , the Portuguese regular army held the upper hand during the conflict against the independentist guerrilla forces . Nonetheless , Mozambique succeeded in achieving independence on June 25 , 1975 , after a civil resistance movement known as the Carnation Revolution backed by portions of the m... | 74156de2e2fa28fe8e10783b0c926b39 | 35,495 |
= = Background = =
| d514b18e9690308b2ac67a227be74a70 | 35,497 |
= = = Portuguese colonial rule = = =
| 7d50eeaf940e8353d260596f308d8ddc | 35,500 |
San hunter and gatherers , ancestors of the Khoisani peoples , were the first known inhabitants of the region that is now Mozambique , followed in the 1st and 4th centuries by Bantu @-@ speaking peoples who migrated there across the Zambezi River . In 1498 , Portuguese explorers landed on the Mozambican coastline . Po... | 8e0576bc4e737c235e2e88debb45f960 | 35,502 |
By the 19th century , European colonialism in Africa had reached its height . Having lost control of the vast territory of Brazil in South America , the Portuguese began to focus on expanding their African outposts . This brought them into direct conflict with the British . Since David Livingstone had returned to the ... | 9e4e51fb655f1ebbdf37c7f92a261a2a | 35,503 |
As a result , in an attempt to avoid a naval conflict with the superior British Royal Navy , Portugal adjusted the borders of her colony and the modern borders of Mozambique were established in May 1881 . Control of Mozambique was left to various organisations such as the Mozambique Company , the Zambezi Company and t... | bfec3c35f60411d6204a003bf8bd3fe3 | 35,504 |
The resisting Gaza Empire , a collection of indigenous tribes who inhabited the area that now constitutes Mozambique and Zimbabwe , was defeated in 1895 , and the remaining inland tribes were eventually defeated by 1902 ; in that same year , Portugal established Lourenço Marques as the capital . In 1926 , political an... | f2a86dd5a4381c6669721d17ceb36404 | 35,505 |
= = = Rise of FRELIMO = = =
| c683daa62a1a5efe732e831b4376b50d | 35,507 |
Portugal designated Mozambique an overseas territory in 1951 in order to show to the world that the colony had a greater autonomy . It was called the Overseas Province of Mozambique ( Província Ultramarina de Moçambique ) . Nonetheless , Portugal still maintained strong control over its overseas province . The increas... | f101400e2a792a0459af9bf44f4cb208 | 35,509 |
Mozambique was marked by large disparities between the wealthy Portuguese and the majority of the large rural indigenous African population . Poorer whites , many of them recent immigrants , including illiterate peasants , were given preference in lower @-@ level urban jobs , where a system of job reservation existed ... | cdd0850ea54f0149ea1ef4ec90b530e7 | 35,510 |
Vocal political dissidents opposed to Portuguese rule and claiming independence were typically forced into exile . From the mid @-@ 1920s a succession of authoritarian regimes in Portugal closed unions and left @-@ wing opposition , both within Portugal and within its colonies , notably in the Estado Novo period ( 193... | dad95d84cea037592412b28e66128e88 | 35,511 |
The Mozambique Liberation Front or FRELIMO ( Frente de Libertação de Moçambique ) , formally ( Marxist @-@ Leninist as of 1977 but adherent to such positions since the late 1960s ) , was formed in Dar es Salaam , the largest city in neighbouring Tanzania , on June 25 , 1962 . It was created during a conference , by po... | fa5eec0589df5c4192a7a15cd996c5a5 | 35,512 |
A year later , in 1963 , FRELIMO set up headquarters in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania , under the leadership of sociologist Eduardo Mondlane , and began to call for independence from Portugal.After two years of organisation and failing political manoeuvres in an attempt to seek a peaceful independence , Mondlane began in 1... | c8e235229b53c617fc3e2d6bc2f4381c | 35,513 |
The United Nations also put pressure on Portugal to move for decolonisation . Portugal threatened to withdraw from NATO , which put a stop to this support and pressure , and the nationalist groups in Mozambique were forced to turn to help from the Soviet bloc .
| 53752a4d12ef701a608938dac37f8560 | 35,514 |
= = = Support from the Soviet Union = = =
| 98e80d01814d8339dc9f9103ef4d94c2 | 35,516 |
During the Cold War , and particularly in the late 1950s , the Soviet Union and People 's Republic of China adopted a strategy of destabilisation of Western powers by disruption of their hold on African colonies . Nikita Khrushchev , in particular , viewed the ' underdeveloped third of mankind ' as a means to weaken t... | c64ceabd18f20e7b475b5405a373f3df | 35,518 |
Prior to the formation of FRELIMO , the Soviet position regarding the nationalist movements in Mozambique was one of confusion . There were multiple independence movements , and they had no sure knowledge that any would succeed . The nationalist groups in Mozambique , like those across Africa during the period , recei... | cac5e1a41e9dfcfe7a36e3992b8eee14 | 35,519 |
Eduardo Mondlane 's successor , future President of Mozambique , Samora Machel , acknowledged assistance from both Moscow and Peking , describing them as " the only ones who will really help us . ... They have fought armed struggles , and whatever they have learned that is relevant to Mozambique we will use . " Guerri... | 635ef0011a8dbea7c284d0aa5644173e | 35,520 |
The Soviet Union continued to support the new FRELIMO government against counterrevolution in the years after 1975 . By 1981 , there were 230 Soviet , close to 200 Cuban military and over 600 civilian Cuban advisers still in the country . Cuba 's involvement in Mozambique was as part of a continuing effort to export t... | 75f05a430ef7794aed0903e2c5515037 | 35,521 |
= = Conflict = =
| b279eb9f5b062206cea5ff7a9711aba6 | 35,523 |
= = = Insurgency under Mondlane ( 1964 – 69 ) = = =
| 1cbb686a248a3db01690da3c8015b369 | 35,526 |
At the war 's outset , FRELIMO had little hope for a conventional military victory , with a mere 7000 combatants against a far larger Portuguese force . Their hopes rested on urging the local populace to support the insurgency , in order to force a negotiated independence from Lisbon . Portugal fought its own version ... | 52f7c001b1cab14dacb87e67c62ecb34 | 35,528 |
The military wing of FRELIMO was commanded by Filipe Samuel Magaia , whose forces received training from Algeria . The FRELIMO guerrillas were armed with a variety of weapons , many provided by the Soviet Union and China . Common weapons included the Mosin – Nagant bolt @-@ action rifle , SKS and AK @-@ 47 automatic r... | 24d52757ab8d21f6757a565ed8143dec | 35,529 |
In the dying stages of the conflict , FRELIMO was provided with a few SA @-@ 7 MANPAD shoulder @-@ launched missile launchers from China ; these were never used to shoot down a Portuguese plane . Only one Portuguese aircraft was lost in combat during the conflict , when Lt. Emilio Lourenço 's G.91R @-@ 4 was destroyed... | b3412d851c6a294bd82bfcb9955be94f | 35,530 |
The Portuguese forces were under the command of General António Augusto dos Santos , a man with strong faith in new counter @-@ insurgency theories . Augusto dos Santos supported a collaboration with Rhodesia to create African Scout units and other special forces teams , with Rhodesian forces even conducting their own... | 712ed43829c23ca3bce861a707c90925 | 35,531 |
Although helicopters were not used in Mozambique to the same extent as they were in Vietnam , the Alouette III was the most widely used , although the Puma was also used with great success . Other aircraft were employed : for air support the T6 and the Fiat G.91 were used ; for reconnaissance , the Dornier Do 27 . In ... | 48bea4d24b4a71835cd7adbfa5e8ddb2 | 35,532 |
= = = = Start of FRELIMO attacks = = = =
| b9ed09c1e7bc66ee77e9f83b891bd514 | 35,534 |
In 1964 , weak @-@ hearted attempts at peaceful negotiation by FRELIMO were abandoned and , on September 25 , 1964 , Eduardo Mondlane began to launch guerrilla attacks on targets in northern Mozambique from his base in Tanzania . FRELIMO soldiers , with logistical assistance from the local population , attacked the ad... | 7ad08651319413778004d3e68c285048 | 35,536 |
During heavy rains , it was much more difficult to track insurgents by air , negating Portugal 's air superiority , and Portuguese troops and vehicles found movement during rain storms difficult . In contrast , the insurgent troops , with lighter equipment , were able to flee into the bush ( the mato ) amongst an ethn... | 3df00ceef29887b545c05d233bcc3f0d | 35,537 |
With the initial FRELIMO attacks in Chai Chai , the fighting spread to Niassa and Tete at the centre of Mozambique . During the early stages of the conflict , FRELIMO activity was reduced to small , platoon @-@ sized engagements , harassments and raids on Portuguese installations . The FRELIMO soldiers often operated ... | 374953d2889c2449be2bb83b44ff4222 | 35,538 |
The Portuguese troops began to suffer losses in November , fighting in the northern region of Xilama . With increasing support from the populace , and the low number of Portuguese regular troops , FRELIMO was quickly able to advance south towards Meponda and Mandimba , linking to Tete with the aid of forces from the n... | 9d0420827c695bec727fb91dc6b95249 | 35,539 |
It was not until 1965 that recruitment of fighters increased along with popular support , and the strike teams were able to increase in size . The increase in popular support was in part due to FRELIMO agencies ' offer of help to exiled Mozambicans , who had fled the conflict by travelling to nearby Tanzania . Like si... | 1bb9c394cf7ebf2d5b5c2a11d1c09ae0 | 35,540 |
FRELIMO attack groups had also begun to grow in size to include over 100 soldiers in certain cases , and the insurgents also began to accept women fighters into their ranks . On either October 10 or October 11 , 1966 , on returning to Tanzania after inspecting the front lines , Filipe Samuel Magaia was shot dead by Lo... | 718234eb7278292eb948db424c5e385b | 35,541 |
One seventh of the population and one fifth of the territory were in FRELIMO hands by 1967 ; at this time there were approximately 8000 guerrillas in combat . During this period , Mondlane urged further expansion of the war effort , but also sought to retain the small strike groups . With the increasing cost of supply... | 45d1dbd191d06e1248607f338770b2ad | 35,542 |
In 1968 , the second Congress of FRELIMO was a propaganda victory for the insurgents , despite attempts by the Portuguese , who enjoyed air superiority throughout the conflict , to bomb the location of the meeting late in the day . This gave FRELIMO further weight to wield in the United Nations .
| 1cb2adc88b331b49cc613d5fefed8539 | 35,543 |
= = = Portuguese development program = = =
| 035e77c185cd02bcb3047ecf991c332f | 35,545 |
Due to both the technological gap between civilisations and the centuries @-@ long colonial era , Portugal was a driving force in the development and shaping of all Portuguese Africa since the 15th century . In the 1960s and early 1970s , to counter the increasing insurgency of FRELIMO forces and show to the Portugues... | 0816019bfba18ae5c9aec099b9d3d2a6 | 35,547 |
As part of this redevelopment program , construction of the Cahora Bassa Dam began in 1969 . This particular project became intrinsically linked with Portugal 's concerns over security in the overseas colonies . The Portuguese government viewed the construction of the dam as testimony to Portugal 's " civilising missi... | 334d28b214c917a46f37c03eb2e6e273 | 35,548 |
Realising the symbolic significance of the dam to the Portuguese , FRELIMO proceeded to spend seven years attempting to halt its construction by force . No direct attacks were ever successful , but FRELIMO had some success in attacking convoys en route to the site . FRELIMO also lodged a protest with the United Nation... | 85302b497296783f2dab8deae7bce4c9 | 35,549 |
= = = Assassination of Eduardo Mondlane = = =
| fabd2ae64e7cd9bcd17198a8373906bf | 35,551 |
On February 3 , 1969 , Eduardo Mondlane was killed by explosives smuggled into his locale . Many sources state that , in an attempt to rectify the situation in Mozambique , the Portuguese secret police assassinated Mondlane by sending a parcel to his office in Dar es Salaam . Inside the parcel was a book containing an... | db9140635238ce574609bd265482e338 | 35,553 |
The original investigations levelled accusations at Silverio Nungo ( who was later executed ) and Lazaro Kavandame , FRELIMO leader in Cabo Delgado . The latter had made no secret of his distrust of Mondlane , seeing him as too conservative a leader , and the Tanzanian police also accused him of working with PIDE ( Po... | 5dc05e446721d229b30612861c703866 | 35,554 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.