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Although the exact details of the assassination remain disputed , the involvement of the Portuguese government , particularly Aginter Press or PIDE , is generally accepted by most historians and biographers and is supported by the Portuguese stay behind Gladio @-@ esque army , known as Aginter Press , that suggested i... | c884e25b68765d112f4c85cd0541a194 | 35,555 |
Mondlane 's immediate successor was the moderate Rev. Uria Simango , who had served under him , as FRELIMO 's vice @-@ President , from its formation until 1969 . In the post @-@ assassination power @-@ struggle , Simango was ousted by the more hardline Samora Machel and Marcelino dos Santos , expelled from FRELIMO an... | e43737d6d8d79decb4b780d39763cafa | 35,556 |
= = = Continuing war ( 1969 – 74 ) = = =
| e8816cfa9256cf3b756131c956257979 | 35,558 |
In 1969 , General António Augusto dos Santos was relieved of command , with General Kaúlza de Arriaga taking over officially in March 1970 . Kaúlza de Arriaga favoured a more direct method of fighting the insurgents , and the established policy of using African counter @-@ insurgency forces was rejected in favour of t... | 4afcd8d0a9b9b8c9ce5f9ec456edc4fb | 35,560 |
By 1972 there was growing pressure from other commanders , particularly Kaúlza de Arriaga 's second in command , General Francisco da Costa Gomes , for the use of African soldiers in Flechas units . Flechas units ( Arrows ) were also employed in Angola and were units under the command of the Portuguese PIDE . Composed... | 68d17b77f459ff88d95fd1686a83a18d | 35,561 |
Costa Gomes argued that African soldiers were cheaper and were better able to create a relationship with the local populace , a tactic similar to the ' hearts and minds ' strategy being used by United States forces in Vietnam at the time . These Flechas units saw action in the territory at the very end stages of the c... | ad210fb44262e9aae5a84e1da7cb9ee7 | 35,562 |
There were several Portuguese special forces units that were unique to either the Mozambican conflict or the Portuguese Colonial War as a whole :
| 72d3e8347b4099e130e1f39cd7bd1092 | 35,563 |
Special Groups ( Grupos Especiais ) : units similar to the ones used in Angola
| 9b8813158eb188cebfb08f929e920318 | 35,564 |
Paratrooper Special Groups ( Grupos Especiais Pára @-@ Quedistas ) : units of volunteer black soldiers that had paratrooper training
| a147b1c8f8f2a1cbe38dc22fee87364e | 35,565 |
Combat Tracking Special Groups ( Grupos Especiais de Pisteiros de Combate ) : special units trained in tracking
| f5153528587b9ce82cccdf9e4be22c85 | 35,566 |
Flechas : Local tribesmen and rebel defectors specialised in tracking , reconnaissance and terrorist operations . They sometimes patrolled in captured uniforms and are rewarded with cash bounties for every guerrilla or guerrilla weapon they capture .
| 93d6077575add431b914bd3ff220a65b | 35,567 |
During the entire period of 1970 – 74 , FRELIMO intensified guerrilla operations , specialising in urban terrorism . The use of landmines also intensified , with sources stating that they had become responsible for two out of every three Portuguese casualties . During the conflict , FRELIMO used a variety of anti @-@ ... | 0d6e927a176b626755e947d1c3e29ef4 | 35,568 |
= = = = Portuguese counter @-@ offensive ( June 1970 ) = = = =
| 20f41c14c49347385fbd025c9e07a3df | 35,570 |
On June 10 , 1970 , a major counter @-@ offensive was launched by the Portuguese army . The Gordian Knot Operation ( Portuguese : Operação Nó Górdio ) targeted permanent insurgent camps and the infiltration routes across the Tanzanian border in the north of Mozambique over a period of seven months . The operation invo... | 85e393202c04b83355dae564bb055643 | 35,572 |
The Portuguese had excellent coordination between light bombers , helicopters and reinforced ground patrols . They utilised American tactics of quick airborne ( helibourne ) assaults supported by heavy aerial bombardments of FRELIMO camps by the Portuguese Air Force ( Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP ) to surround and el... | 003c9aa2d1d6bb68cbc2565fa3b8965f | 35,573 |
Problems for the Portuguese arose almost immediately when the offensive coincided with the beginning of the monsoon season , creating additional logistical difficulties . Not only were the Portuguese soldiers badly equipped , but there was very poor cooperation , if any at all , between the FAP and the army . Thus , t... | 6f0dd3c36db1580fda3b3d05a4f425dc | 35,574 |
The Portuguese eventually reported 651 as killed ( a figure of some 440 was most likely closer to reality ) , and 1 @,@ 840 captured , for the loss of 132 Portuguese . Gen. Arriaga also claimed his troops to have destroyed 61 guerrilla bases and 165 camps , while 40 tons of ammunition had been captured in the first tw... | f1565f968932aa20aa3d43912542b2fd | 35,575 |
By 1972 , the Portuguese military had changed its strategy , adapting the British / American search and destroy operations utilising small shock troop sweeps . They also initiated a hearts and minds campaign , named the Aldeamentos Programme , which was a forced relocation program . But on November 9 , 1972 , FRELIMO ... | eff5e379680c90a86c0edba22cb255e8 | 35,576 |
On December 16 , 1972 , the Portuguese 6th company of Commandos in Mozambique killed the inhabitants of the village of Wiriyamu , in the district of Tete . Referred to as the ' Wiriyamu Massacre ' , the soldiers killed between 150 ( according to the Red Cross ) and 300 ( according to a much later investigation by the ... | a82c44234f3a34edff5373e9af1c4710 | 35,577 |
By 1973 , FRELIMO were also mining civilian towns and villages in an attempt to undermine the civilian confidence in the Portuguese forces . " Aldeamentos : agua para todos " ( Resettlement villages : water for everyone ) was a commonly seen message in the rural areas , as the Portuguese sought to relocate and resettl... | b729fbfaa385d015a6fefa1759a0ecc6 | 35,578 |
This change in tactic led to protests by Portuguese settlers against the Lisbon government , a telltale sign of the conflict 's unpopularity . Combined with the news of the Wiriyamu massacre and that of renewed FRELIMO onslaughts through 1973 and early 1974 , the worsening situation in Mozambique later contributed to ... | d4b54b95bde6fe55041a49f96b60f5ff | 35,579 |
= = = Political instability and ceasefire ( 1974 – 75 ) = = =
| 72a6600eb1fc6382a912249e57f52f42 | 35,581 |
Back in Lisbon , the ' Armed Revolutionary Action ' branch of the Portuguese Communist Party , which was created in the late 1960s , and the Revolutionary Brigades ( BR ) , a left @-@ wing organisation , worked to resist the colonial wars . They had carried out multiple sabotages and bombings against military targets ... | e5b9bb8fbe34c44e18954404bb6757ec | 35,583 |
Fighting colonial wars in Portuguese colonies had absorbed forty @-@ four percent of the overall Portuguese budget . This led to an obvious diversion of funds from necessary infrastructural developments in Portugal itself . This contributed to the growing unrest in the European nation . Portugal 's GDP growth during t... | 5eb0ee7b92d094deaa6e582ef3bf46f7 | 35,584 |
The unpopularity of the Colonial Wars among many Portuguese led to the formation of several magazines and newspapers , such as Cadernos Circunstância , Cadernos Necessários , Tempo e Modo , and Polémica , which had support from students and called for political solutions to Portugal 's colonial problems .
| eb06b2486ffe45dc4b761207f48319b1 | 35,585 |
The growing unrest in Portugal culminated on April 25 , 1974 , when the Carnation Revolution , a peaceful leftist military coup d 'état in Lisbon , ousted the incumbent Portuguese government of Marcelo Caetano . Thousands of Portuguese citizens left Mozambique , and the new head of government , General António de Spín... | 2b0effe36b690c45e258afcf6e8f0aec | 35,586 |
= = Aftermath = =
| f8fa1b2e326f4dccda3b39c69a590a1d | 35,588 |
Many Portuguese colonials were not typical settlers in Mozambique . While most European communities in Africa at the time - with the possible exception of Afrikaners - were established from the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries , some white families and institutions in those territories still administered b... | dccbd37829441c3043103ef14cc37d68 | 35,590 |
With the departure of Portuguese professionals and tradesmen , the new country had no senior workforce to maintain its infrastructure , and economic collapse loomed . Privileged commercial links were established with several communist countries by the FRELIMO regime at the expense of NATO , which rapidly lost influenc... | a96f68e2697c89258d38d9941374aeaa | 35,591 |
Samora Machel became Mozambique 's first president . The Reverend Uria Simango , his wife , and other FRELIMO dissidents were arrested in 1975 and detained without trial . Within about two years , fighting resumed with the Mozambican Civil War against RENAMO insurgents plied with Rhodesian and South African military s... | 50c300c804e23a08053d8d2db6159f05 | 35,592 |
= = = Printed sources = = =
| 5bbe3774441f0017ef37a4f8cc2f9026 | 35,594 |
= = = Online sources = = =
| 727f5667c3334103b207c9e2f7587ac1 | 35,597 |
= The Secret of Monkey Island =
| 4abbaa6cd7c0b7100d36cb4de53c6ac8 | 35,601 |
The Secret of Monkey Island is a 1990 point @-@ and @-@ click graphic adventure game developed and published by Lucasfilm Games . It takes place in a fantastic version of the Caribbean during the age of piracy . The player assumes the role of Guybrush Threepwood , a young man who dreams of becoming a pirate and explor... | a3502a572f9de31ac8b9f6a725add2ab | 35,603 |
The game was conceived in 1988 by Lucasfilm employee Ron Gilbert , who designed it with Tim Schafer and Dave Grossman . Gilbert 's frustrations with contemporary adventure titles led him to make the player character 's death almost impossible , which meant that gameplay focused the game on exploration . The atmosphere... | 76c9eb2732a424908cff64987a92cfff | 35,604 |
Critics praised The Secret of Monkey Island for its humor , audiovisuals , and gameplay . The game spawned a number of sequels , collectively known as the Monkey Island series . Gilbert , Schafer and Grossman also led the development of the sequel Monkey Island 2 : LeChuck 's Revenge . LucasArts released a remake of t... | f2b6a29fef80efd30de6aeea2c7b700d | 35,605 |
= = Gameplay = =
| 9b9f027ea4daef16389e7ff8e0463976 | 35,607 |
The Secret of Monkey Island is a 2D adventure game played from a third @-@ person perspective . Via a point @-@ and @-@ click interface , the player guides protagonist Guybrush Threepwood through the game 's world and interacts with the environment by selecting from twelve verb commands ( nine in newer versions ) such... | f99b2ff9e81102e15d6a60f06b405e8f | 35,609 |
= = Plot = =
| 7a5625aae35b14ae7adf319ca468714f | 35,611 |
A youth named Guybrush Threepwood arrives on the fictional Mêlée IslandTM , with the desire to become a pirate . He seeks out the island 's pirate leaders , who set him three trials that must be completed to become a pirate : winning a sword duel against Carla , the island 's resident swordmaster , finding a buried tr... | bb901569c41e1a7ccb99a8419a177f03 | 35,613 |
Guybrush also encounters the governor and is instantly smitten , and she soon reciprocates . However , as he completes the tasks set for him , the island is raided by LeChuck and his undead crew , who abduct Elaine and then retreat to their secret hideout on Monkey IslandTM . Guybrush takes it upon himself to rescue h... | 0e86b99e0d83c37fd1a1f3e297b850ab | 35,614 |
When Guybrush returns to LeChuck 's ship with the elixir , he learns that LeChuck has returned to Mêlée IslandTM to marry Elaine at the church . He promptly returns to Mêlée IslandTM and gatecrashes the wedding , only to ruin Elaine 's own plan for escape ; in the process he loses the elixir . Now confronted with a fu... | f3d7fee73a82fa711265de1a84105603 | 35,615 |
= = Development = =
| 424802451cd24f59c8607c235508ad76 | 35,617 |
= = = Origin and writing = = =
| f999c4326363f6173d110ec04924cf11 | 35,620 |
Ron Gilbert conceived the idea of a pirate adventure game in 1988 , after completing Zak McKracken and the Alien Mindbenders . He first wrote story ideas about pirates while spending the weekend at a friend 's house . Gilbert experimented with introductory paragraphs to find a satisfactory idea . His initial story fea... | 7d6005d706f3b75a7c76514ec73f1baa | 35,622 |
Gilbert soon realised that it would be difficult to design the game by himself ; he decided to join forces with Tim Schafer and Dave Grossman , both of whom he hired for Lucasfilm . The game 's insult sword fighting mechanics were influenced by swashbuckling movies starring Errol Flynn , which Gilbert , Schafer and Gr... | 147a9dce068d0c2872f3d8f1c252880c | 35,623 |
The game 's plot , as described by Dave Grossman : “ It ’ s a story about this young man who comes to an island in search of his life ’ s dream . He ’ s pursuing his career goals and he discovers love in the process and winds up thinking that was actually more important than what he was doing to begin with . You ’ re ... | 7c53fca3c9f9d1cac0c2d4058b1fe2a8 | 35,624 |
The game 's world and characters were designed primarily by Gilbert . After having read Tim Powers ' historical fantasy novel On Stranger Tides , he decided to add paranormal themes to the game 's plot . He also cited Powers ' book as an influence on the characters , particularly those of Guybrush and LeChuck . Inspir... | 8f478d29c1781d5828c5b9985e68425b | 35,625 |
= = = Creative and technical design = = =
| 4a458426e324e87a7781c5dc3608b8e1 | 35,627 |
Gilbert , Schafer and Grossman 's primary goal was to create a simpler and more accessible gameplay model than those presented in previous Lucasfilm titles . Gilbert had conceived the main designs and puzzles before production began , which resulted in the bulk of the designers ' work to flesh out his ideas . He was f... | 0af7d6764365222bb3d5baed23ca6c76 | 35,629 |
The Secret of Monkey Island was the fifth Lucasfilm Games project powered by the SCUMM engine , originally developed for Maniac Mansion . The company had gradually modified the engine since its creation . For Maniac Mansion , the developers hard coded verb commands in the SCUMM scripting language . These commands beco... | c46d958def681c9a44a6f3e53066c687 | 35,630 |
The game 's " pirate reggae " music was composed by Lucasfilm Games ' in @-@ house musician Michael Land in MIDI format . It was his first project at the company . The game was originally released for floppy disk in 1990 , but a CD @-@ ROM version with a high @-@ quality CD soundtrack followed in 1992 . The music has ... | 96d944c1144e5eab1b44a9b188124dfa | 35,631 |
= = = Special edition = = =
| 68f06ed2689cb3c45023ce8b342d780e | 35,633 |
LucasArts released a remake with updated audiovisuals titled The Secret of Monkey Island : Special Edition in July 2009 for iPhone , Microsoft Windows , and Xbox 360 exclusively via digital distribution . PlayStation 3 , Mac OS and iPad versions followed early in 2010 for download on their respective services . LucasA... | 766980db1347299f1d6bee48749fad3f | 35,635 |
LucasArts 's game producer Craig Derrick and his team conceived the idea of the remake in 2008 . After researching the Monkey Island series ' history , they decided to make " something fresh and new while staying true to the original " , which resulted in the idea of The Secret of Monkey Island 's remake . The develop... | 0cb2dd79dd139570ae0a0cd12401ee86 | 35,636 |
= = Reception = =
| f8d79e3fcb54590ed5efe8209a7826d9 | 35,638 |
The Secret of Monkey Island sold well and received positive reviews from critics . Hartley , Patricia , and Kirk Lesser of Dragon praised the designers ' attention to detail , and cited the game 's humor as a high point . Although they believed that the game was too expensive , they summarized it as " a highly enjoyab... | f75f28f3fdcaf11abdf2ceeb01c00b82 | 35,640 |
ACE 's Steve Cooke also found the controls convenient , and he praised the game 's atmosphere . He wrote that , " in graphics and sound terms ... Monkey Island , along with King 's Quest V , is currently at the head of the pack . " However , he disliked the designers ' running joke of placing " TM " after character an... | fa87fd7050e05309008ced330c5202d4 | 35,641 |
Writing for The One , Paul Presley stated that " Lucasfilm appears to have taken all of the elements that worked in its previous releases and , not only incorporated them into this tale of scurvy swashbuckling , but even improved on them in the process ! " Like the other reviewers , he praised its controls . He also l... | 470e3a17e09d8efc95108baee6987888 | 35,642 |
The Secret of Monkey Island has featured regularly in lists of " top " games , such as Computer Gaming World 's Hall of Fame and IGN 's Video Game Hall of Fame . In 1996 , Computer Gaming World ranked it as the 19th best game of all time , " writing " Who could ever forget the insult @-@ driven duel system or the iden... | 2f19be95c868aea5184d5bd7265704d6 | 35,643 |
= = = Special edition = = =
| 68f06ed2689cb3c45023ce8b342d780e | 35,645 |
Like the original release , The Secret of Monkey Island : Special Edition received positive reviews from critics . Sean Ely of GamePro praised its updated audio , and said that the new graphics " blow the old clunker visuals ... out of the water " . He cited its script , humor , plot , puzzles and balanced difficulty ... | 20354feca1127674d85344fa8f31a017 | 35,647 |
= = Legacy = =
| b4fa22c13235a44f06adb277883cbe5d | 35,649 |
The Secret of Monkey Island spawned four sequels . The first , Monkey Island 2 : LeChuck 's Revenge , was released in 1991 and focuses on LeChuck 's return . Six years later , LucasArts released The Curse of Monkey Island , which features a new visual design . In 2000 , the company released Escape from Monkey Island ,... | 2d44956ee4a8d2073d26bcbbb018c2a2 | 35,651 |
Elements of the game have appeared elsewhere in popular culture . The original version was selected as one of five for the exhibition The Art of Video Games in the Smithsonian American Art Museum in 2011 . A fictive drink recipe in the game for grog was mistakenly reported as real in 2009 by Argentinian news channel C... | e369b8365cc093f9ad3a88476cf81035 | 35,652 |
= Temple of Eshmun =
| 9c4786723c5ad4f65678702a844dff93 | 35,655 |
The Temple of Eshmun ( Arabic : معبد أشمون ) is an ancient place of worship dedicated to Eshmun , the Phoenician god of healing . It is located near the Awali river , 2 kilometres ( 1 @.@ 2 mi ) northeast of Sidon in southwestern Lebanon . The site was occupied from the 7th century BC to the 8th century AD , suggestin... | 35e7aa875c381eaacadfd78f9de9687e | 35,657 |
The sanctuary consists of an esplanade and a grand court limited by a huge limestone terrace wall that supports a monumental podium which was once topped by Eshmun 's Graeco @-@ Persian style marble temple . The sanctuary features a series of ritual ablution basins fed by canals channeling water from the Asclepius riv... | 87faac08c3945fbdb2bacf68730bd3d6 | 35,658 |
The Eshmun Temple was improved during the early Roman Empire with a colonnade street , but declined after earthquakes and fell into oblivion as Christianity replaced paganism and its large limestone blocks were used to build later structures . The temple site was rediscovered in 1900 by local treasure hunters who stir... | 9141d53e10eb8f9dd0922bccd87c349c | 35,659 |
= = Eshmun = =
| 8a8d1e372261a02f1b5a14567e577469 | 35,661 |
Eshmun was the Phoenician god of healing and renewal of life ; he was one of the most important divinities of the Phoenician pantheon and the main male divinity of Sidon . Originally a nature divinity , and a god of spring vegetation , Eshmun was equated to Babylonian deity Tammuz . His role later expanded within the ... | ec9b993f1adc57c288cab9c92c1c6fe2 | 35,663 |
The myth of Eshmun was related by the sixth century Syrian Neoplatonist philosopher Damascius and ninth century Patriarch of Constantinople , Photius . They recount that Eshmun , a young man from Beirut , was hunting in the woods when Astarte saw him and was stricken by his beauty . She harassed him with her amorous p... | a89fa8bc4e6a2f5cfa466c9a674cfcc5 | 35,664 |
From a historical perspective , the first written mention of Eshmun goes back to 754 BC , the date of the signing of the treaty between Assyrian king Ashur @-@ nirari V and Mati 'el , king of Arpad ; Eshmun figures in the text as a patron of the treaty .
| 89a2d177092528424335d6ee75d930af | 35,665 |
Eshmun was identified with Asclepius as a result of the Hellenic influence over Phoenicia ; the earliest evidence of this equation is given by coins from Amrit and Acre from the third century BC . This fact is exemplified by the Hellenized names of the Awali river which was dubbed Asclepius fluvius , and the Eshmun Te... | 11efa747146d178633a49fe9f7aeb750 | 35,666 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 35,668 |
= = = Historical background = = =
| 7d4326179280ca13dacae6a8d95ed07a | 35,671 |
In the 9th century BC , the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II conquered the Lebanon mountain range and its coastal cities . The new sovereigns exacted tribute from Sidon , along with every other Phoenician city . These payments stimulated Sidon 's search for new means of provisioning and furthered Phoenician emigration a... | 1171533047dd018aa30a1718d49c51b7 | 35,673 |
= = = Construction = = =
| b416c89e00b5002547f93ab42dbeda8e | 35,675 |
Sidon returned to its former level of prosperity while Tyre was besieged for 13 years ( 586 – 573 BC ) by the Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar II . Nevertheless , the Sidonian king was still held in exile at the court of Babylon . Sidon reclaimed its former standing as Phoenicia 's chief city in the Achaemenid Empire ( c.... | b475529868441939edb0f3347d5cfae3 | 35,677 |
Eshmunazar II displayed his new @-@ found wealth by constructing numerous temples to Sidonian divinities . Inscriptions found on the king 's sarcophagus reveal that he and his mother , Amashtarte , built temples to the gods of Sidon , including the Temple of Eshmun by the " Ydll source near the cistern " .
| cb596d150c942e0ce281e0db10d643b8 | 35,678 |
As two series of inscriptions on the foundations of the monumental podium attest , construction of the sanctuary 's podium did not begin until the reign of King Bodashtart . The first set of inscriptions bears the name of Bodashtart alone , while the second contains his name and that of the crown prince Yatan @-@ milk... | 1b4040c76b74380b5a52a9273a6103c3 | 35,679 |
= = = Roman era & Decline = = =
| da5fee0937a4b67acd34446fb8c65b7b | 35,681 |
The Eshmun sanctuary was damaged by an earthquake in the fourth century BC , which demolished the marble temple atop the podium ; this structure was not rebuilt but many chapels and temples were later annexed at the base of the podium .
| 329d5d34fead8959c6b8b882b2305ce7 | 35,683 |
The temple site remained a place of pilgrimage in the classical antiquity during the early Roman Empire and until the advent of Christianity , when the cult of Eshmun was banned and a Christian church was built at the temple site across the Roman street from the podium . Remnants and mosaic floors of a Byzantine churc... | 0ffe08c3d06021c9fec47c0d630bba34 | 35,684 |
A Roman colonnade was built in the third century , probably by emperor Septimius Severus , and a Roman Villa showed a period of renewed relative importance for the city during the late period of Phoenicia under Roman rule . Furthermore , within the original Phoenician temple site the Romans added the processional stai... | cd4842c8e9c615d5ff1a0a047711fdd1 | 35,685 |
Another earthquake hit Sidon around 570 AD ; Antoninus of Piacenza , an Italian Christian pilgrim , described the city as partly in ruins . For many years after the disappearance of the cult of Eshmun , the sanctuary site was used as a quarry : Emir Fakhr @-@ al @-@ Din II , for example , used its massive blocks to bu... | a2d8f8f3518f2243fee6be5df6120568 | 35,686 |
The site later fell into oblivion until the XIX century
| 1ca166b1d979d46a598e71155a2e5df0 | 35,687 |
= = = Modern discovery = = =
| 2e1419c67b077cc2c3a2e5318bc3c148 | 35,689 |
Between 1737 and 1742 , Richard Pococke , an English anthropologist , toured the Middle East and wrote of what he thought were ruins of defensive walls built with 3 @.@ 7 @-@ metre ( 12 ft ) stone blocks near the Awali river . When the French orientalist Ernest Renan visited the area in 1860 , he noticed that the Awal... | b0e5f58cea4ab336af7778153b0b6d5e | 35,691 |
In 1900 , local clandestine treasure hunters digging at the Eshmun Temple site haphazardly discovered inscriptions carved onto the temple 's walls . This discovery stirred the interest of Theodore Macridy , curator of the Museum of Constantinople , who cleared the temple remains between 1901 and 1903 . Wilhelm Von Lan... | 1fc8d59f45d090da4df8559142e48400 | 35,692 |
= = = After 1975 = = =
| b605cb3e24cdf933f8d491512dfa2ac5 | 35,694 |
During the Lebanese Civil War and the Israeli occupation of South Lebanon ( 1985 – 2000 ) , the temple site was neglected and was invaded by vegetation overgrowth ; it was cleared and recovered its former condition after the Israeli withdrawal . Today the Eshmun sanctuary can be visited all year round and free of char... | e909b0db1480275a6092351dfcdb18c8 | 35,696 |
In literature , the temple of Eshmun figures in Nabil Saleh 's 2009 novel , The Curse of Ezekiel as the setting where Bomilcar falls in love and rescues princess Chiboulet from the evil design of one of the temple 's priests .
| bcf61c14f4475dafa1280e8fa852fcf6 | 35,697 |
= = Location = =
| 3a8742de6f3548a62d4303cac4457e11 | 35,699 |
A number of ancient texts mention the Eshmun Temple and its location . The Phoenician inscriptions on the sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II , a Sidonian king , commemorate the construction of a " house " for the " holy prince " Eshmun by the king and his mother , queen Amashtart , at the " Ydll source by the cistern " . Di... | bb9a0d65c53d40ed1ef49373bf4cdfd0 | 35,701 |
Located about 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) south of Beirut and 2 kilometres ( 1 @.@ 2 mi ) northeast of Sidon , the Eshmun Temple sits on the southern bank of the modern Awali river , previously referred to as Bostrenos or Asclepius fluvius in ancient text . Citrus groves , known as Bustan el @-@ Sheikh ( Arabic : بستان ال... | 5af91f52c7ca64c66afd6c2f5d1394bf | 35,702 |
= = Architecture and description = =
| 2f8d8fa30cdafe035004c7fa6be45c33 | 35,704 |
Built under Babylonian rule ( 605 – 539 BC ) , the oldest monument at the site is a pyramidal building resembling a ziggurat that includes an access ramp to a water cistern . Fragments of marble column bases with Torus moldings and facetted columns found east of the podium are also attributed to the Babylonian era .
| f1745d3e4776cd6e4dbe1359001dc4ce | 35,706 |
The pyramidal structure was superimposed during Persian rule by a massive ashlar podium constructed from heavily bossed limestone blocks that measured more than 3 metres ( 9 @.@ 8 ft ) across by 1 metre ( 3 @.@ 3 ft ) thick , which were laid down in courses 1 @-@ metre ( 3 @.@ 3 ft ) high . The podium stands 22 metres... | e474abe138347ccb604ca457c3861fcb | 35,707 |
During the Hellenistic period , the sanctuary was extended from the base of the podium across the valley . To the east base of the podium stands a large chapel , 10 @.@ 5 by 11 @.@ 5 metres ( 34 ft × 38 ft ) , dating to the 4th century BC . The chapel was adorned with a paved pool and a large stone throne carved of a ... | 2650703f7a57ed0f6406b6cb518858ab | 35,708 |
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