text stringlengths 4 7.07k | text_hash stringlengths 32 32 | __index_level_0__ int64 1 1.81M |
|---|---|---|
= = = Election = = =
| f3c30da7e88b4474001e3cb126a7db59 | 14,396 |
The election of the host city took place at Bella Center on October 2 , 2009 , in Copenhagen , during the 121st IOC Session . Rio de Janeiro was the third city to present plans to the IOC members , entering the Hall A of Bella Center at 12 : 05 ( CEST ) with a delegation of 60 people , among bid leaders , government a... | f565e85b33c8848b1442305702b0f8e8 | 14,398 |
After the presentation , the session was opened for questions . Nuzman clarified doubts by Arne Ljungqvist about doping legislation ; Osório and Cabral answered two questions by Prince Albert of Monaco about accommodation and the project 's legacy , respectively ; and the President of Brazil himself responded to a que... | ea155e8ef974f1f76524b2a62545b778 | 14,399 |
= = Bid concept = =
| 65e2053c26ccd47df7836b11742c1f2c | 14,401 |
According to the Rio de Janeiro bid committee , the bid 's concept was based on four principles — technical excellence , experience of a lifetime , transformation , and supporting the Olympic and Paralympic Movements — highlighting the city 's celebration lifestyle , as seen on its promotional video ( called PassionC ... | fb3375c726c059dd20b981828e6127d8 | 14,403 |
The visual identity of the candidature consisted of a logo and a slogan , which were applied in marketing moves during the campaign . Designed by Ana Soter and selected among four finalists by a special jury , the logo was unveiled during the 2007 Brazilian Olympic Awards , held at the Municipal Theater of Rio de Jane... | b025659817c5f0a34fb6b38be90d8e23 | 14,404 |
Rio de Janeiro previously hosted major sporting , business and cultural events . On the sporting front , these events included World Cups and World Championships in many Olympic sports , as well as regional championships . From July 13 to July 29 , 2007 , the city successfully staged the 15th and largest ever edition ... | 7122b377057bffa79a4046f56cdba0d5 | 14,405 |
= = = Politics = = =
| e15a27518f78bf7bbc039f11f30262f5 | 14,407 |
The Rio de Janeiro bid committee was an incorporated non @-@ profit entity under the leadership of an Honorary Council and an Executive Board , both chaired by Carlos Arthur Nuzman . At the highest level , the Honorary Council comprised the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , the... | bd36d9c2cbb6070150f0ab5d9a23b305 | 14,409 |
Rio de Janeiro had full political backing from the three levels of the Government of Brazil — Federal , State and City — providing all guarantees and covenants required by the IOC , as well as some additional undertakings . All levels government , as well as all major political parties in the country , pledged complet... | 88e22697fb3fb8594bba079aa4f104d2 | 14,410 |
= = = Controversies = = =
| 0dda2e6ea6697d1c7207f247398b6f77 | 14,412 |
The IOC 's decision to shorlist Rio de Janeiro over Doha generated criticism , as the Doha bid committee accused the IOC of " closing the door on the Arab world " and of making a political decision rather than judging on technical grounds . Doha outperformed Rio de Janeiro in the majority of the categories assessed , ... | 9df81e1f034f63a29acf000ed725674c | 14,414 |
Ahead of the election , the Rio de Janeiro bid committee lodged an official complaint against Madrid with the IOC Ethics Commission about comments made on September 30 , 2009 , by José Maria Odriozola , vice president of the Spanish Olympic Committee ( SOC ) ; and considered doing it against Chicago due to comments by... | 9bc57dd9e7d93fa79a5da288b708f205 | 14,415 |
= = Bid project = =
| 0ab419d3ad2308de1bd0c078de29dbc5 | 14,417 |
Rio de Janeiro proposed to hold all sporting events within the city limits — apart from the football ( soccer ) tournaments which would be held in the cities of Belo Horizonte , Brasília , Salvador and São Paulo — making the Games more compact and technically feasible . The competition venues will be located in four O... | 2246403380b0f5fbe143b51351bc4731 | 14,419 |
Rio de Janeiro 's competition venues meet the International Federation 's ( IFs ) technical requirements and both IOC and IPC standards , and align with the City Master Plan and legacy strategy . Most venues are already operational , recently developed or renovated . According to the Rio de Janeiro 2016 bid committee ... | 48de9a08a7e3c77014eeed4a831eedf1 | 14,420 |
Rio de Janeiro will build the Summer Paralympics , upon the experience of hosting the III Parapan American Games — considered " the best ever " by the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) and the Americas Paralympic Committee ( APC ) — as well as many other international competitions for athletes with disabiliti... | 631c19ca34c3c9fdf52ac97db0e6f930 | 14,421 |
= = = Infrastructure = = =
| e46525cccbe6938aaeab21a0d0cda455 | 14,423 |
Rio de Janeiro 's infrastructure , systems , management structures and staff readiness will be tested during the 2014 FIFA World Cup and during dedicated test events for the transport network in 2015 . There will be 49 @,@ 750 rooms to meet IOC requirements , of which some 1 @,@ 700 are located in apartment hotels in ... | 5539bf732c39b85523f88393b1bd173b | 14,425 |
= = = Finance = = =
| 7a2b9658e36fa98ffb5d88ead7d2a15a | 14,427 |
The three levels of Brazilian government assured the free provision of a range of services to the bid , including security , medical services , customs , transport , immigration , and other governmental services and support . Rio de Janeiro also approved funding of US $ 240 billion from the Program for Growth Accelera... | ad9c68dda8e22695612c1d0b3487344b | 14,429 |
= New Jersey Route 65 =
| cd029c8588e47d7e6e2b99e96157357c | 14,432 |
Route 65 is a former state highway in the city of Newark , New Jersey . The route went for 4 @.@ 12 miles ( 6 @.@ 63 km ) along Port Street and Doremus Avenue through the industrial districts of the city . Route 65 began at an intersection with U.S. Route 1 and 9 near Newark Liberty International Airport . The route c... | 7943a5f9a8e5531cd263661bb19f1a69 | 14,434 |
Route 65 was originally planned in 1939 as a spur of Route 25 , Route 25B , in Newark to connect that route with Route 25T ( now U.S. Route 1 / 9 Truck ) . The route lasted for 14 years , until January 1 , 1953 , when the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering occurred . Route 25B was decommissioned on that day , a... | fbbf5e90d5488c8a4f22f67a751fff19 | 14,435 |
= = Route description = =
| 492dd728c7998b12b26ca6c56c46440f | 14,437 |
Route 65 began at an intersection with U.S. Route 1 and 9 in the area of Newark Liberty International Airport in the city of Newark . The route progressed eastward along Port Street , a divided highway for a short distance . The route crossed the access road to the airport before crossing over the newly constructed Ne... | effd0c8e3404afed8fb41ad7bb78b206 | 14,439 |
From there , Route 65 headed northward along Doremus Avenue , crossing over the Newark Bay Extension ( Interstate 78 ) just north of the intersection . The route continued through the industrial district , reaching higher in elevation on a bridge over the Central Railroad of New Jersey ( now Conrail Shared Assets Oper... | 12dc13fdfd2a89cfa462cbdff59363ba | 14,440 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 14,442 |
Route 65 was originally designated in 1939 as State Highway Route 25B , a spur off of State Highway Route 25 ( now U.S. Route 1 and 9 ) at a traffic circle near the Newark Metropolitan Airport ( now Newark Liberty International Airport ) . The route was then to commence along Port Street and Doremus Avenue to an inter... | 191f25caaa5d7ce02e8b008ca4f284b3 | 14,444 |
= = Major intersections = =
| 758ae1495b9ccb2712446fb9e200ddfc | 14,446 |
The entire route was in Newark , Essex County .
| 605f865e7aafb7c340061f12fcf08377 | 14,448 |
= Giacomo Meyerbeer =
| 6aef903c69fadb1f018d234020a943fe | 14,451 |
Giacomo Meyerbeer ( born Jacob Liebmann Beer ; 5 September 1791 – 2 May 1864 ) was a German opera composer of Jewish birth who has been described as perhaps the most successful stage composer of the nineteenth century . With his 1831 opera Robert le diable and its successors , he gave the genre of grand opera ' decisi... | 9601130c8015bfa90c6cb10eae68c0d9 | 14,453 |
Born to a very wealthy Berlin family , Meyerbeer began his musical career as a pianist but soon decided to devote himself to opera , spending several years in Italy studying and composing . His 1824 opera Il crociato in Egitto was the first to bring him Europe @-@ wide reputation , but it was Robert le diable ( 1831 )... | 350bb06fb620f91f310ef04a5e03a719 | 14,454 |
At the same time as his successes in Paris , Meyerbeer , as a Prussian Court Kapellmeister ( Director of Music ) from 1832 , and from 1843 as Prussian General Music Director , was also influential in opera in Berlin and throughout Germany . He was an early supporter of Richard Wagner , enabling the first production of... | 8130137e799972446295c28277f7e030 | 14,455 |
Apart from around 50 songs , Meyerbeer wrote little except for the stage . The critical assaults of Wagner and his supporters , especially after his death , led to a decline in the popularity of his works ; his operas were suppressed by the Nazi regime in Germany , and were neglected by opera houses through most of th... | 0438ba313f363025d3551a816357a33e | 14,456 |
= = Early years = =
| 800003101c57ed56d3fb8a29a1269525 | 14,458 |
Meyerbeer 's birthname was Jacob Liebmann Beer ; he was born in Tasdorf ( now a part of Rüdersdorf ) , near Berlin , then the capital of Prussia , to a Jewish family . His father was the enormously wealthy financier Judah Herz Beer ( 1769 – 1825 ) and his mother , Amalia ( Malka ) Wulff ( 1767 – 1854 ) , to whom he wa... | 69f082ca94bba4534f5179711dfaddc7 | 14,460 |
Judah Beer was a leader of the Berlin Jewish community and maintained a private synagogue in his house which leaned towards reformist views . Jacob Beer wrote an early cantata for performance at this synagogue . Both Judah Herz Beer and his wife were close to the Prussian court ; when Amalia was awarded in 1816 the Or... | 98ae1a46ff47f4b3696d923f885fe4ac | 14,461 |
Beer 's first keyboard instructor was Franz Lauska , a pupil of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and a favoured teacher at the Berlin court . Beer also became one of Muzio Clementi 's pupils while Clementi was in Berlin . The boy made his public debut in 1801 playing Mozart 's D minor Piano Concerto in Berlin . The Allgem... | a1bf450f92019b2d4a4691043ae07983 | 14,462 |
Beer , as he still named himself , studied with Antonio Salieri and the German master and friend of Goethe , Carl Friedrich Zelter . Louis Spohr organised a concert for Beer at Berlin in 1804 and continued his acquaintance with the lad later in Vienna and Rome . A portrait of Jacob commissioned by the family at this t... | 37adf6c2e6e2df5b48f488b0aab23e93 | 14,463 |
Throughout his early career , although determined to become a musician , Beer found it difficult to decide between playing and composition . Certainly other professionals in the decade 1810 – 1820 , including Moscheles , considered him amongst the greatest virtuosi of his period . He wrote during this period numerous ... | 5f3968412f190bbd5d263e240d0cd6f6 | 14,464 |
= = Career = =
| 46d66cdd8e6cc1ca11d9faaf4214751f | 14,466 |
= = = In Italy = = =
| b151d699b38b02c0be1cf2249e6ad37b | 14,469 |
Despite performances of his oratorio Gott und die Natur ( God and Nature ) ( Berlin , 1811 ) and his early operas Jephtas Gelübde ( Jephtha 's Vow ) ( Munich , 1812 ) and Wirth und Gast ( Landlord and Guest ) ( Stuttgart , 1813 ) in Germany , Meyerbeer had set his sights by 1814 on basing an operatic career in Paris .... | 3d3b7f7ae5bfc63c01da0cee7f46b741 | 14,471 |
During his years in Italy Meyerbeer became acquainted with , and impressed by , the works of his contemporary Gioachino Rossini , who by 1816 , at the age of 24 , was already director of both major opera houses in Naples and in the same year premiered his operas The Barber of Seville and Otello . Meyerbeer wrote a ser... | b6309751fd7c28e56281f488319e20e0 | 14,472 |
= = = Recognition = = =
| e7a121e6463386816f1d8935404fcdd8 | 14,474 |
The name Giacomo Meyerbeer first became known internationally with his opera Il crociato in Egitto — premiered in Venice in 1824 and produced in London and Paris in 1825 ; incidentally , it was the last opera ever written to feature a castrato , and the last to require keyboard accompaniment for recitatives . This ' b... | 9b018f163efc1c044225932b87a4fadd | 14,476 |
In 1826 , shortly after the death of his father , Meyerbeer married his cousin , Minna Mosson ( 1804 – 1886 ) . The marriage which may have been ' dynastic ' in its origins proved to be stable and devoted ; the couple were to have five children , of whom the three youngest ( all daughters ) survived to adulthood . In ... | 5df7c6c89e2822ac86c9cb842f33f798 | 14,477 |
With his next opera Meyerbeer became virtually a superstar . Robert le diable ( with libretto by Eugène Scribe and Germain Delavigne ) , produced in Paris in 1831 , was one of the earliest grand operas . The libretto , originally planned in 1827 as a three @-@ act opéra comique for the Opéra @-@ Comique theatre , was ... | 3c825aa635ef67b425cd1e743a9e9c8d | 14,478 |
The success of the opera led to Meyerbeer himself becoming a celebrity . In January 1832 he was awarded membership of the Légion d 'honneur . This success – coupled with Meyerbeer 's known family wealth – inevitably also precipitated envy amongst his peers . Berlioz – who had commented that ' Meyerbeer not only had th... | 947ed37a6a9b3b8269eba83b355fa2a0 | 14,479 |
The fusion of dramatic music , melodramatic plot , and sumptuous staging in Robert le diable proved a sure @-@ fire formula , as did the partnership with Scribe , which Meyerbeer would go on to repeat in Les Huguenots , Le prophète , and L 'Africaine . All of these operas held the international stage throughout the 19... | cdbbe263e414f8978628441ebea7824f | 14,480 |
= = = Between Paris and Berlin = = =
| 93ff2f4cc3c331e81554921d5da610af | 14,482 |
= = = = 1832 – 1839 = = = =
| c5b6033b2fbd07cf05facaaec8767463 | 14,485 |
Letellier describes Meyerbeer 's mature life as ' a tale of two cities ... His artistic triumph and legendary status were achieved in Paris ... but he never abandoned Prussia , especially his home city of Berlin ' . His wife Minna was based in Berlin ( she did not enjoy Paris ) as was his beloved mother ; and he had a... | 236d6b52184cd59883ff478de867ec65 | 14,487 |
In Paris Meyerbeer had been asked by Louis Véron , the director of the Opéra , for a new work . At first he attempted to persuade Véron to accept the opéra @-@ comique Le portefaix to a libretto by Scribe , which he had been contracted to compose in early 1831 ; but Véron insisted on a full five @-@ act piece . Togeth... | 79f5017972e05cd43c6f8a643ce02ce5 | 14,488 |
However , in Berlin Meyerbeer faced many problems , including the enmity of the jealous Gaspare Spontini , who since 1820 had been Court Kapellmeister and director of the Berlin Hofoper . Complaints were made in the Berlin press about the delay of the Berlin premiere of Robert le diable ( which finally took place in J... | f565c6315917820d22c76d2c731af811 | 14,489 |
Meanwhile , in Paris Meyerbeer began to seek new libretti , initially considering Le prophète of Scribe , Le cinq mars by Henri Saint @-@ Georges and eventually settling on Scribe 's Vasco da Gama ( later to become L 'Africaine ) , which he contracted to complete by 1840 . However , Meyerbeer had envisaged that the ma... | 0c0f2d230a6471640df0d80d1de995d7 | 14,490 |
On 20 August 1839 Meyerbeer , whilst relaxing at Boulogne in the company of Moscheles , met for the first time with Richard Wagner , who was en route to Paris . Their ensuing relationship ( see below ) was to have major repercussions for the careers and reputations of both . At this meeting Wagner read to Meyerbeer fr... | 9bcdd2e6a72fbdacdab75a906f145dab | 14,491 |
= = = = The 1840s = = = =
| 0ed0b6818b2f77e04e54cb7c2b664d06 | 14,493 |
By the end of 1841 , Meyerbeer had completed the first draft of Le prophète , but refused to stage it because the then director of the opera , Leon Pillet , wished to cast his mistress , Rosine Stoltz , in the part of Fidès , the hero 's mother . ( Berlioz characterised Stoltz as ' la Directrice du Directeur ' ) . Mey... | e37274ef844399833c7c5ee13471b75e | 14,495 |
In the meantime , the situation in Prussia was changing . Following the death of Frederick William III , the new regime of Frederick William IV was far more liberal . Spontini was dismissed , and the Berlin premiere of Les Huguenots was arranged ( 20 May 1842 ) . On the instigation of Alexander von Humboldt , Meyerbee... | 5106134da8add08ef489f68e7da1623f | 14,496 |
In 1843 , the Berlin Opera house burnt down . The creation of the new building gave a new opportunity to commission a German opera from Meyerbeer . The subject of the opera , Ein Feldlager in Schlesien ( A Silesian Encampment ) , was an episode in the life of Frederick the Great . As this patriotic opera ' needed ' Pr... | e6f3dd1bc988a34d8e08ac0d4d3cb807 | 14,497 |
With the continuing delays in the production of Le prophète and L 'Africaine , Meyerbeer was now becoming subject to increasing sniping in Paris . In 1846 Meyerbeer began work on a new project with Scribe and Saint @-@ Georges , Noëma , but in the following year Pillet was sacked from the opera and the direction was r... | 93796a65a59d867aad574afee8b72d44 | 14,498 |
= = = = Last years = = = =
| 3830324e229c7e8443552e05f050438e | 14,500 |
Increasing ill @-@ health ( or possibly hypochondria ) now began to restrict Meyerbeer 's output and activities . The death of his beloved mother in 1854 was also a blow . However the success of L 'étoile du nord in 1854 demonstrated that he could still pack the theatres . Following this he began on two new projects ,... | 785944256256ad61867bc577af1d4d91 | 14,502 |
Nevertheless , Meyerbeer 's last years saw the composition of a good deal of non @-@ operatic music , including a Coronation March for William I of Prussia , ( 1861 ) , an overture for the 1862 International Exhibition in London , and incidental music ( now lost ) to Henry Blaze de Bury 's play La jeunesse de Goethe (... | d9ca0e0e31d73a59519929a228a8b83f | 14,503 |
Meyerbeer died in Paris on 2 May 1864 . Rossini , who , not having heard the news , came to his apartment the next day intending to meet him , was shocked and fainted . He was moved to write on the spot a choral tribute ( Pleure , pleure , muse sublime ! ) . A special train bore Meyerbeer 's body from the Gare du Nord... | 46f54f84252d3e3c6050bbc08eb44b88 | 14,504 |
L 'Africaine was eventually premiered after Meyerbeer 's death at the Salle Le Peletier on 28 April 1865 in a performing edition undertaken by François @-@ Joseph Fétis .
| 1bb0d431c7cd2acbcbf996f893d11258 | 14,505 |
= = Personality and beliefs = =
| da7c5b815484a18c36c797f792b4bf41 | 14,507 |
Meyerbeer 's immense wealth ( increased by the success of his operas ) and his continuing adherence to his Jewish religion set him apart somewhat from many of his musical contemporaries . They also gave rise to rumours that his success was due to his bribing musical critics . Richard Wagner ( see below ) accused him o... | 46795be2ee3a2ca93750db433d1790ef | 14,509 |
Meyerbeer 's personal attachment to Judaism was a mature personal decision – after the death of his maternal grandfather in 1811 he wrote to his mother ' Please accept from me a promise that I will always live in the religion in which he died ' . In his diaries he noted significant family events including birthdays , ... | 1485ca06fcdd72b7f8b3fc120800e123 | 14,510 |
I believe that richess is like love in the theatres and novels : no matter how often one encounters it ... it never misses its target if effectively wielded ... [ Nothing ] can grow back the foreskin of which we are robbed on the eighth day of life ; those who , on the ninth day , do not bleed from this operation shal... | 8b2f87b2d2c8f4ccb0067f52d9044aad | 14,511 |
It was probably a similar fatalism that led Meyerbeer never to enter public controversy with those who slighted him , either professionally or personally , although he occasionally displayed his grudges in his Diaries ; for example , on hearing Robert Schumann conduct in 1850 : ' I saw for the first time the man who ,... | 878e0c7ea1f2d3168af1c5308d267b3b | 14,512 |
In his mature operas Meyerbeer selected stories which almost invariably featured as a major element of storyline a hero living within a hostile environment . Robert , Raoul the Huguenot , Jean the prophet , and the defiant Vasco da Gama in L 'Africaine are all ' outsiders ' . It has been suggested that ' Meyerbeer 's ... | b674a55eb1d8addea690f53f83afa647 | 14,513 |
Meyerbeer 's relationship with Heine displays the awkwardness and prickliness of the social personae of both parties . Meyerbeer , apart from any of his personal feelings , needed Heine onside as an influential personality and writer on music . He genuinely admired Heine 's verse , and made a number of settings from i... | e47b48c76151cc79f0ff30f04aa96bc2 | 14,514 |
= = Music and theatre = =
| 06c4fd6713e697d7c0291217b4e6d22c | 14,516 |
= = = Music = = =
| ceb3803ce3ed8f2a8bac3b7a22aa4846 | 14,519 |
Meyerbeer did not operate on the basis of any theory or philosophy of music and was not an innovator in harmony or musical form . In the words of John H. Roberts , " He had a rich fund of appealing if somewhat short @-@ breathed melody , commanded an increasingly rich harmonic vocabulary , and was a master of brillian... | caf9e2ccca27aa50237a9ac11906c2db | 14,521 |
All of his significant music is for the voice ( opera and songs ) and this reflects his detailed grounding in Italian opera . Throughout his career he wrote his operas with specific singers in mind and took great care to temper his writing to their strengths ; but at the same time he seemed little interested in expres... | 1484889e7c3159425533a86b2fae866f | 14,522 |
The first signs of Meyerbeer breaking with the Italian traditions in which he had trained are in Il crociato in Egitto . Amongst other notable features of the opera were its lavish orchestral forces ( extending to two onstage military bands in the final act ) . The grandiosity of the work reflected the need to make an... | 01ad61ca8ac4a6429c4530afd874a895 | 14,523 |
Typical of Meyerbeer 's innovative orchestration is the use in Robert le diable of dark @-@ toned instruments – bassoons , timpani and low brass , including ophicleide – to characterise the diabolical nature of Bertram and his associates . At one point the arrival of a character is announced by a combination of three ... | 1fdfd742bbeaafa39a99ffd11492802b | 14,524 |
= = = Theatre = = =
| d56ec8fa4763fe30ee3116edae19c98e | 14,526 |
Meyerbeer 's concern to integrate musical power with all the resources of contemporary theatre anticipated in some ways the ideas of Wagner 's Gesamtkunstwerk . Becker writes :
| f4cb5a4da27de9f7c8a8bd55ae186e54 | 14,528 |
Wagner 's idea of music drama ... was originally developed by way of grand opera ... his ideas could never have been realised in their particular form without the pioneering development [ s ] ... that Meyerbeer 's operas were the first to demand .
| 28689d0f0b2beade0527218b73203429 | 14,529 |
Meyerbeer was always concerned to intensify the theatricality of his operas , even when new ideas emerged at a relatively late stage in the music 's composition . An example of his receptiveness was the addition of the provocative " Ballet of the Nuns " in the third act of Robert le diable , at the suggestion of Dupon... | 713a51e5ec192cb59cab6049c278be92 | 14,530 |
Meyerbeer 's large choral ' tableaux ' also made a major contribution to the overall dramatic effect ; the composer particularly sought opportunities to write such large @-@ scale crowd scenes , and preferred libretti which offered such possibilities . Crosten writes : ' These massive developed sections are the chief ... | 4ebd181ff9100559d80f56ba4c0c63c3 | 14,531 |
Mention should also be made of Meyerbeer 's intense concern with the business of opera , which indeed had formed part of his studies under Vogler . This gave him the background not only to deal with complex contractual issues and to negotiate with publishers , but extended to wooing the press and ' marketing ' in gene... | d13954037f74f78a5352666ab08d8afe | 14,532 |
= = Reception = =
| f8d79e3fcb54590ed5efe8209a7826d9 | 14,534 |
= = = Musical influence = = =
| 510694da9a9a5def1c6b0cdc1d62f1e5 | 14,537 |
Meyerbeer had no pupils and no direct ' school ' . Yet as his works spanned the golden age of grand opera , clear traces of his influence can be found in the grand operas of Fromental Halévy , Gaetano Donizetti , Giuseppe Verdi and others . After 1850 , Huebner notes a continuing tradition of operas at Paris where ' p... | ca3642a956e414950dec991a1b8ec27f | 14,539 |
Themes from Meyerbeer 's works were used by many contemporary composers , often in the form of keyboard paraphprases or fantasies . Perhaps the most elaborate and substantial of these is Franz Liszt 's monumental Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale " Ad nos , ad salutarem undam " , S.259 ( 1852 ) , for organ or pédalier ... | 059b411224cc85c0cd5f55f5868a8300 | 14,540 |
Liszt also wrote piano works based on Robert le diable , notably the Réminiscences de Robert le diable subtitled Valse infernale . He also transcribed two pieces from L 'Africaine , as " Illustrations de l 'opéra L 'Africaine " . Frédéric Chopin and Auguste Franchomme jointly composed a Grand duo concertant on themes ... | fdb34b27e54f3f07ecb3ffb3ae1a530a | 14,541 |
= = = Critical reception = = =
| f2076f1106e1cddfe8fc8034bcd2d8a4 | 14,543 |
Meyerbeer 's operas consistently enjoyed enormous popularity during his lifetime , and the verdict of ( the then pro @-@ Meyerbeer ) Wagner in 1841 , when the Paris Opéra was vainly awaiting Le prophète and L 'Africaine , was not atypical :
| d7832bc06acf7343db782263456c5ce1 | 14,545 |
The Paris Opéra lies dying . It looks for its salvation to the German Messiah , Meyerbeer ; if he keeps it waiting much longer , its death agonies will begin ... It is for that reason ... that one only sees Robert le Diable and Les Huguenots turning up again when the mediocrities are forced to withdraw .
| ecceb8c38466c0ceebd46a7e08aff0c8 | 14,546 |
However , dissenting voices were heard from critics . Not all of these however were on musical grounds . Berlioz for example raised the issue of the inhibiting effects of Meyerbeer 's success ( which he felt particularly as one who struggled to get his works performed ) : " The pressure [ Meyerbeer ] exerts on manager... | 5a90feeda0e355b6a2ef5ddf5478eb7f | 14,547 |
Mendelssohn disapproved of Meyerbeer 's works on moral grounds , believing Robert le diable to be ' ignoble ' .
| dc06838b3ca7eed8e743f96e1d1c065d | 14,548 |
Schumann 's attack on Les Huguenots was clearly a personal diatribe against Meyerbeer 's Judaism : ' Time and time again we had to turn away in disgust ... One may search in vain for a sustained pure thought , a truly Christian sentiment ... It is all contrived , all make believe and hypocrisy ! ... The shrewdest of c... | a313cc99449b755d32e3e5082d592849 | 14,549 |
Wagner 's disciple Theodor Uhlig followed Schumann 's Judaeophobic line in his 1850 review of Le prophète : ' To a good Christian [ it ] is at best contrived , exaggerated , unnatural and slick , and it is not possible that the practised propaganda of the Hebrew art @-@ taste can succeed using such means . ' Uhlig 's ... | 050619440b733f0b103d5c4599d7e905 | 14,550 |
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