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Team cohesion can be defined as a group's tendency to stick together while pursuing its objectives.[42] Team cohesion has two components: social cohesion (how well teammates like one another) and task cohesion (how well teammates work together to achieve their goal). Collective efficacy is a team's shared belief that they can or cannot accomplish a given task.[43] In other words, this is the team's belief about the level of competency they have to perform a task. It is important to note that collective efficacy is an overall shared belief amongst team members and not merely the sum of individual self-efficacy beliefs. Leadership can be thought of as a behavioral process that influences team members towards achieving a common goal.[44] Leadership in sports is pertinent because there are always leaders on a team (i.e., team captains, coaches, trainers). Research on leadership studies characteristics of effective leaders and leadership development.
In 1996, as a result of a three-year research project led by Lindsay B. Yeates, the Australian Hypnotherapists Association[48] (founded in 1949), the oldest hypnotism-oriented professional organization in Australia, instituted a peer-group accreditation system for full-time Australian professional hypnotherapists, the first of its kind in the world, which "accredit[ed] specific individuals on the basis of their actual demonstrated knowledge and clinical performance; instead of approving particular 'courses' or approving particular 'teaching institutions'" (Yeates, 1996, p.iv; 1999, p.xiv).[49] The system was further revised in 1999.[50]
Dallas Sports Performance therapists who have a special focus on sports performance and sports issues, including sports counseling, and sports psychology. Sports counseling in Dallas may include sports preparation and sport coaching, while sports counseling in Dallas addresses issues ranging from performance to stress. Sports Psychologists in Dallas will help address sports performance issues for individuals and teams.
Hypnotherapy expert, Dr Peter Marshall, former Principal of the London School of Hypnotherapy and Psychotherapy Ltd. and author of A Handbook of Hypnotherapy, devised the Trance Theory of Mental Illness, which provides that people suffering from depression, or certain other kinds of neurosis, are already living in a trance and so the hypnotherapist does not need to induce them, but rather to make them understand this and help lead them out of it.[24]
In a hypnotherapy session, after identifying client goals for the session and reviewing how the session will proceed, the practitioner will use guided imagery and soothing speech to help the person to feel relaxed and safe. When the recipient of hypnosis has achieved a more receptive state, the practitioner will provide suggestions that could help the person reach his or her goals. The person in the trancelike state remains aware and is usually able to return to a more alert state independently once the session is over. Some people find that just one hypnotherapy session is sufficient, and others may attend several sessions.
Research in sport psychology involves studying and observing athletes in order to find out what motivates them to keep pushing on, and what gives them the thirst for landing in the winner's circle. A sport psychology researcher might also try to find ways for athletes to perform better and with fewer obstacles. The knowledge gained through this research can then be applied during counseling sessions with athletes.
Motivational climate refers to the situational and environmental factors that influence individuals' goals.[39] The two major types of motivational climates coaches can create are task-oriented and ego-oriented. While winning is the overall goal of sports competitions regardless of the motivational climate, a task-orientation emphasizes building skill, improvement, giving complete effort, and mastering the task at hand (i.e., self-referenced goals), while an ego-orientation emphasizes demonstrating superior ability, competition, and does not promote effort or individual improvement (i.e., other-referenced goals). Effective coaching practices explore the best ways coaches can lead and teach their athletes. For examples, researchers may study the most effective methods for giving feedback, rewarding and reinforcing behavior, communicating, and avoiding self-fulfilling prophecies in their athletes.[40]
The program he followed consists of an introductory video, several audio sessions, and an e-book. “There was all this imagery and counting down and clouds,” he says. “I would fall asleep listening.” It might all sound a little new agey, but Jonathan hasn’t had a cigarette in a year — besides a few weeks of cheating at the six-month mark. There wasn’t even a major time commitment — he would fall asleep a few minutes into the sessions every night, and he found himself smoke-free within days of starting the program.
Instead of doing a detox or cleanse in the hopes of resetting your GI system (and speeding up weight loss), boost your gut health naturally with fiber-filled foods. “Fiber is a carbohydrate found in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, but unlike other forms of carbohydrates, it is harder to digest. As it passes through your digestive system, it stimulates the receptors that tell your brain you’re full. People who consume more fiber tend to have healthier body weights,” says Gueron. If you’re looking for more specific fiber-filled foods to reboot your gut, eat the three P’s: prunes, pulses, and pears. Prunes help maintain good digestive health and can positively affect the bacteria living in the gut. Pulses, which include lentils, beans, and peas, improve gut health by strengthening the gut barrier. And pears contain prebiotic fiber, which help promote intestinal health by providing food for beneficial probiotic bacteria.
Coaching in education is seen as a useful intervention to support students, faculty and administrators in educational organizations.[24] For students, opportunities for coaching include collaborating with fellow students to improve grades and skills, both academic and social; for teachers and administrators, coaching can help with transitions into new roles.[24]
I would give Rita 50 stars if I could..... Her prices are fair. Period. Would you rather spend more money on cigarettes and lifetime of unnecessary medical bills or one flat fee and be smoke free for the rest of your life? Smoking is not attractive and has absolutely zero health benefits.... Smoking is a financial burden. I don't have to tell you this though, if you're reading this you already know.
Recently some studies have been influenced by an evolutionary psychology perspective.[45] This includes studies on testosterone changes in sports which at least for males are similar to those in status conflicts in non-human primates with testosterone levels increasing and decreasing as an individual's status changes. A decreased testosterone level may decrease dominant and competitive behaviors which when the status conflicts involved fighting may have been important for preventing physical injury to the loser as further competition is avoided.[citation needed] Testosterone levels also increase before sports competitions, in particular if the event is perceived as real challenge as compared to not being important.[citation needed] Testosterone may also be involved in the home advantage effect which has similarities to animal defense of their home territory.[citation needed] In some sports there is a marked overrepresentation of left-handedness which has similarities to left-handed likely having an advantage in close combat which may have evolutionary explanations.[citation needed]
The other recent study, by Canadian researchers, found the same thing by looking at brain activity when people have power. They found that increased power diminishes the ability to be empathic and compassionate because power appears to affect the “mirror system” of the brain, through which one is “wired” to experience what another person is experiencing. Researchers found that even the smallest bit of power shuts down that part of the brain and the ability to empathize with others.
Coleman Griffith worked as an American professor of educational psychology at the University of Illinois where he first performed comprehensive research and applied sport psychology. He performed causal studies on vision and attention of basketball and soccer players, and was interested in their reaction times, muscular tension and relaxation, and mental awareness.[11] Griffith began his work in 1925 studying the psychology of sport at the University of Illinois funded by the Research in Athletics Laboratory.[12] Until the laboratory's closing in 1932, he conducted research and practiced sport psychology in the field. The laboratory was used for the study of sports psychology; where different factors that influence athletic performance and the physiological and psychological requirements of sport competitions were investigated. He then transmitted his findings to coaches, and helped advance the knowledge of psychology and physiology on sports performance. Griffith also published two major works during this time: The Psychology of Coaching (1926) and The Psychology of Athletics (1928). Coleman Griffith was also the first person to describe the job of sports psychologists and talk about the main tasks that they should be capable of carrying out. He mentioned this in his work “Psychology and its relation to athletic competition”, which was published in 1925.[13] One of the tasks was to teach the younger and unskilled coaches the psychological principles that were used by the more successful and experienced coaches. The other task was to adapt psychological knowledge to sport, and the last task was to use the scientific method and the laboratory for the purpose of discovering new facts and principles that can aid other professionals in the domain.
In 2007, a meta-analysis from the Cochrane Collaboration found that the therapeutic effect of hypnotherapy was "superior to that of a waiting list control or usual medical management, for abdominal pain and composite primary IBS symptoms, in the short term in patients who fail standard medical therapy", with no harmful side-effects. However the authors noted that the quality of data available was inadequate to draw any firm conclusions.[2]
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Baptists and Calvinism: A Brief Reply to Dr. Garrett
August 6, 2007 Michael A.G. Haykin
In a recent series of articles on Baptists and Calvinism, Dr. James Leo Garrett, Jr., has produced a good overview of some of the key issues that Baptists have faced regarding Calvinism over the centuries of their existence. I deeply appreciated the irenicism of the articles, the passion for missions and the finely nuanced scholarship. Dr. Garrett correctly points that “Baptists have not been in total agreement on these issues.”[1] Nor have Baptist historians always been in agreement about how to interpret Calvinism in Baptist life. I was especially intrigued by some of Dr. Garrett’s remarks regarding eighteenth-century English Baptist life. The bane of Hyper-Calvinism He argues first of all that Hyper-Calvinism was the bane of missions in certain quarters of English Baptist life in the eighteenth century. In his words:
“When the learned John Gill in London was teaching the tenets of Dort and some of the teachings of Hyper-Calvinism, the Particular Baptists were in a deplorable state of spiritual decline and apathy. It took a casting off of Hyper-Calvinism and an overhauling of Dortian Calvinism to bring Particular Baptists into the Evangelical Revival and to the point of leading the modern Protestant missionary movement. Moreover it has been the evangelical or missionary form of Calvinism that in the providence of God through William Carey and Andrew Fuller and Charles Haddon Spurgeon and John Leadley Dagg propelled Baptists from a tiny minority sect to a major Christian denomination. Hence the teachings of Dort do matter inasmuch as there are effects of such teachings.”[2] Now, it is important to realize that in the eighteenth century Gill’s teaching was not uniform throughout the English Baptist denomination. There was the vital Calvinistic Baptist tradition associated with the Bristol Baptist Academy, for instance, that preserved a rich balance between the sovereignty of God and evangelism. The Academy produced remarkable Evangelical Calvinists like the younger Andrew Gifford (1700-1784), who supported George Whitefield, Benjamin Francis (1734-1799), an indefatigable evangelist, and Benjamin Beddome (1717-1795), who knew revival in the town where his ministry was centred, Bourton-on-the-Water. Moreover, while there is little doubt that there was decline among many Baptist quarters in England during this period—especially seen in London, Yorkshire, the East Anglian counties of Norfolk and Suffolk and the area covered by the Northamptonshire Association—to fix the blame chiefly on Gill and his “Dortian Calvinism” is an over-simplification.[3] Russell E. Richey, for instance, points out that there were ongoing legal restrictions, which effectively confined Baptist preaching to the meeting house.[4] Deryck W. Lovegrove, on the other hand, locates the real problem of Baptists during this period in the matter of their isolation. “The very strength of independency,” he notes, “the internal cohesion of the gathered church, became its weakness as geographical remoteness conspired with autonomy and lack of common purpose to foster numerical decline.”[5] And Isabel Rivers sees a loss of identity as a key factor in the decline of the Baptists. Speaking about the dissenters in general, she states: “The experience of…persecution and heroic leadership must have given a sense of identity and commitment to the nonconformists not shared by the succeeding generations of dissenters.”[6] In short, the decline of the Baptists during the early and mid-eighteenth century cannot be easily attributed to simply one cause.[7] As the studies of Richey, Lovegrove and Rivers indicate, there were a variety of factors at work: political and sociological, as well as theological. Recent historiographical approaches demand that we consider not simply the realm of ideas in analyzing denominational history but also the social and political climate. Yet, Garrett is not wrong to point out that there was decline. Andrew Fuller, who, as Garrett notes, was instrumental in the revitalization of the Baptists in the final decades of the century, summed up this situation of decline in his own inimitable style when he declared: “Had matters gone on but for a few years, the Baptists would have become a perfect dunghill in society.”[8] But, it is vital for Baptist historians to ask this: is Fuller here speaking in strict statistical terms of every nook and cranny of the denomination, or making a more general observation? One of the myths in Baptist history has been to take Fuller’s words as totally applicable to the entire denomination in England.
Was Andrew Fuller a Calvinist? Then, in a later article, “How prominent Baptists stack up: Have leading Baptist theologians affirmed teachings of Dortian Calvinism?”, Garrett makes the following comment about Andrew Fuller’s own commitment to Calvinism: according to Garrett, Fuller “strongly advocated repentance and faith as duties,” but he “supported only two of Dortian Calvinism’s five points[,] limited atonement and irresistible grace.”[9] These remarks are very curious and have no basis in Fuller’s works. Fuller was a five-point Calvinist through and through. Yes, he did argue, against Hyper-Calvinism, that repentance and faith were duties. Hyper-Calvinists had argued that sinners are unable to do anything spiritually good, and thus are under no obligation to exercise faith in Christ. They supported their argument by reference to such texts as John 6:44 (“No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him”) and 1 Corinthians 2:14 (“the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned”). The inability of which these passages speak, Fuller contended in response, is a moral inability, which is rooted in the sinful disposition of the heart. Men and women refuse to come to Christ because of their aversion to him. They fail to understand the gospel and the things of the Spirit because they lack the means by which such matters are understood, namely, the presence of the indwelling Spirit. And they lack the Spirit because their hearts are closed to God. These verses are not speaking of a physical inability—such as insanity or mental deficiency—which excuses its subject of blame.[10] In making this distinction between physical and moral inability, which Fuller derived from Jonathan Edwards, Fuller was seeking to affirm a scriptural paradox: sinful men and women are utterly powerless to turn to God except through the regenerative work of God’s Holy Spirit, yet this powerlessness is the result of their own sinful hearts.[11] In other words, Fuller takes seriously the Scriptures’ affirmation of the total/radical depravity of the human heart. This led Fuller to address the role of the Spirit’s work in conversion. Hyper-Calvinists argued that if repentance and faith are ascribed by the Scriptures to the work of the Spirit, then “they cannot be duties required of sinners.” As Fuller points out, though, the force of this objection is dependent upon the supposition that “we do not stand in need of the Holy Spirit to enable us to comply with our duty.” What is amazing about this supposition is that Arminianism assumes the same. For the Arminian, because faith is commanded of sinners by God, then they must be able to believe without the irresistible drawing of the Spirit. Similarly, the Hyper-Calvinist reasons that since faith is wrought by the Spirit it cannot be an act of obedience. The truth of the matter, however, is that “we need the influence of the Holy Spirit to enable us to do our duty” and that “repentance and faith, therefore, may be duties, notwithstanding their being the gifts of God.”[12] Fuller thus affirmed the biblical via media on this issue. In his confession of faith that he made when he was inducted into his second pastoral charge, at Kettering in 1783, Fuller maintained that he believed in “the doctrine of eternal personal election and predestination” and that “those who are effectually called of God never fall away so as to perish everlastingly, but persevere in holiness till they arrive at endless happiness.”[13] It is a Baptist urban myth that Fuller abandoned his Calvinistic heritage. He affirmed it to the end of his earthly life.
Distinct proof of this can be found when Fuller came to die in 1815, in a last letter to his close friend, John Ryland, Jr. (1753-1825), in which he affirmed his belief in the perseverance of the saints. After quoting a portion of 2 Timothy 1:12, Fuller went on to say:
“I am a poor, guilty creature; but Christ is an almighty Saviour. I have preached and written much against the abuse of the doctrine of grace; but that doctrine is all my salvation and all my desire. I have no other hope, than from salvation by mere sovereign, efficacious grace, through the atonement of my Lord and Saviour. With this hope, I can go into eternity with composure.”[14]
What I love about Andrew Fuller is this wholehearted commitment to the doctrines of grace and his passion for missions. He did not compromise either. And in so doing, he proved to be a safe guide for Baptists today.
[1] James Leo Garrett, Jr., “A question facing Baptist churches: Does Dortian Calvinism really matter?”, The Alabama Baptist (Thursday, August 2, 2007) (http://www.al.com/living/alabamabaptist/index.ssf?/base/living/118581125997920.xml&coll=8; accessed august 6, 2007).
[2] Garrett, Jr., “A question facing Baptist churches.”
[3] Deryck W. Lovegrove, Established Church, Sectarian People. Itineracy and the transformation of English Dissent, 1780-1830 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 7; B.R. White, “Reviews: H. Leon McBeth, The Baptist Heritage: Four centuries of Baptist witness”, The Baptist Quarterly, 32 (1987-1988), 256.
[4] “Effects of Toleration on Eighteenth-Century Dissent”, The Journal of Religious History, 8 (1974-1975), 350-363. There were exceptions, of course. Between 1688 and 1705 William Mitchel and David Crosley (1669-1744) evangelized towns and villages throughout east Lancashire and West Yorkshire from their base at Rossendale. For further details, see W.E. Blomfield, “Yorkshire Baptist Churches in the 17th and 18th Centuries” in The Baptists of Yorkshire (2nd ed.; Bradford/London; Wm. Byles & Sons Ltd./London: Kingsgate Press, 1912), 73-88; Ian Sellers, ed., Our Heritage. The Baptists of Yorkshire, Lancashire and Cheshire (Leeds: The Yorkshire Baptist Association/The Lancashire and Cheshire Baptist Association, 1987), 10-11.
[5] Established Church, Sectarian People, 7.
[6] Reason, Grace, and Sentiment. A Study of the Language of Religion and Ethics in England, 1660-1780 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), I, 169.
[7] Barrie R. White, Letter to the author, May 6, 1991.
[8] Cited Simon Valentine, “A wrestler who fought the Devil”, Baptist Times, 7297 (March 1, 1990), 6.
[9] James Leo Garrett, Jr., “How prominent Baptists stack up: Have leading Baptist theologians affirmed teachings of Dortian Calvinism?”, The Alabama Baptist (Thursday, August 2, 2007) (http://www.al.com/living/alabamabaptist/index.ssf?/base/living/118581123097920.xml&coll=8)
[10] The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation in The Complete Works of the Rev. Andrew Fuller, revised Joseph Belcher (1845 ed.; repr. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Sprinkle Publications, 1988), 2:376-379.
[11] James E. Tull, Shapers of Baptist Thought (1972 ed.; repr. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1984), 90.
[12] Works, 2:379-380.
[13] Confession of Faith VIII and XIV in Michael A.G. Haykin, ed., The Armies of the Lamb: The spirituality of Andrew Fuller (Dundas, Ontario: Joshua Press, 2001), 276, 279.
[14] Cited John Ryland, The Work of Faith, the Labour of Love, and the Patience of Hope Illustrated; in the Life and Death of the Reverend Andrew Fuller (London: Button & Son, 1816), 544-546.
In 18th Century
← Andrew Fuller Conference Two Weeks AwayTheology Fashionistas and CH Spurgeon →
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Salameh Kaileh: Assad’s collapse imminent
Popular movement will prevail over foreign meddling
Mohamed Aburous and Wilhelm Langthaler
Salameh Kaileh is a Palestinian-Syrian author, political activist and Marxist intellectual representing the Syrian Left Coalition. He was arrested anew on April 24, 2012. Having been tortured, he was eventually deported from Syria where he had spent three decades and out of that eight years in prison.
Haytham Manna at the Anti-imperialist Camp in Assisi
Discuss with leaders and activists of the Syrian popular uprising
Haytham Manna is the foreign representative of the “National Co-ordination Body for Democratic Change” (NBC) and as such one of the most vocal and prominent figures of the Syrian left as well as of the anti-imperialist wing of the current democratic people’s movement.
Damascus uprising calling upon soldiers to switch side
Statement of the Syrian Left Coalition
All Syrians follow the huge revolutionary developments which overwhelmed the capital Damascus in the past two days, knowing that what the media covers is less than what happens in the uprising capital. It confirms the persistence of the revolution and its marsh towards victory. Everybody can see the weakness of the regime, the dispersion of its forces and its tendency towards disintegration.
Tahrir popular uprisings at our doors
In the first years after the formation of the Anti-imperialist Camp we used to hold an annual public summer camp in Assisi, Italy, the last one in 2004. After difficult years we revive this experience this year 2012 on the juncture of the Arab revolt and the Southern European movements against the EU crisis.
Obamania
Why we remain anti-American
A Black president in a country that was founded on slavery and racism—that is a true sensation. We understand and share the joy and satisfaction in the Black communities from Harlem via Chicago to New Orleans.
One Democratic State to be debated in Assisi
Protagonists of the Palestine solidarity will get together
The support to the Palestinian liberation struggle always has been in the heard of the Anti-imperialist Camp. Therefore this year’s camp in Assisi, Italy, scheduled for 23-26 of August will feature a debate on the future of the Palestine solidarity movement.
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Wells, C.E., O’Connor, A.R. & Moulin, C.J.A. (in press). Déjà vu experiences in anxiety. Memory. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1538418 [pdf]
Urquhart, J.A., Sivakumaran, M.H., Macfarlane, J.A. & O’Connor, A.R. (in press). fMRI evidence supporting the role of memory conflict in the déjà vu experience. Memory. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1524496 [pdf]
Liverakos, K., McIntosh, K., Moulin, C.J.A. & O’Connor A.R. (2018). How accurate are runners’ prospective predictions of their race times? PLoS ONE. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200744 [pdf]
Sivakumaran, M.H., Mackenzie, A.K., Callan, I.R., Ainge, J.A. & O’Connor, A.R. (2018). The discrimination ratio derived from novel object recognition tasks as a measure of recognition memory sensitivity, not bias. Scientific Reports. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30030-7 [pdf]
Urquhart, J.A. & O’Connor, A.R. (2018). Constructing and model-fitting receiver operator characteristics using continuous data. PsyArXiv. doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/QDGJC [pdf]
Jersakova, R., Allen, R.J., Booth, J., Souchay, C. & O’Connor, A.R. (2017). Understanding metacognitive confidence: Insights from judgment-of-learning justifications. Journal of Memory and Language, 97, 187-207. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2017.08.002 [pdf]
Kempnich*, M., Urquhart*, J.A., O’Connor, A.R. & Moulin, C.J.A. (2017). Evidence for the contribution of a threshold retrieval process to semantic memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(10), 2026-2047. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1220607 [pdf with supplmentary information]
Rathbone, C.J., O’Connor, A.R. & Moulin, C.J.A. (2017) The tracks of my years: Personal significance contributes to the reminiscence bump. Memory and Cognition, 45(1), 137-150. doi: 10.3758/s13421-016-0647-2 [pdf]
Mill, R.D., O’Connor, A.R. & Dobbins, I.G. (2016). Pupil dilation during recognition memory: Isolating unexpected recognition from judgment uncertainty. Cognition, 154, 81-94. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.05.018 [pdf]
Persson, B.M., Ainge, J.A. & O’Connor, A.R. (2016). Disambiguating past events: Accurate source memory for time and context depends on different retrieval processes. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 132, 40-48. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.05.002 [pdf]
Jersakova, R., Moulin, C.J.A. & O’Connor, A.R. (2016). Investigating the role of assessment method on reports of déjà vu and tip-of-the-tongue states during standard recognition tests. PLoS ONE, 11(4), e0154334. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154334 [pdf]
Noreen, S., O’Connor, A.R. & MacLeod, M.D. (2016). Neural Correlates of Direct and Indirect Suppression of Autobiographical Memories. Frontiers in Psychology, 7:379. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00379 [pdf]
Mill, R.D., Cavin, I. & O’Connor, A.R. (2015). Differentiating the functional contributions of resting connectivity networks to memory decision-making: fMRI support for multi-stage control processes. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27, 1617-1632. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00808 [pdf with Supplementary Information]
Teale, J. & O’Connor, A.R. (2015). What is déjà vu? Frontiers for Young Minds. 3:1. doi: 10.3389/frym.2015.00001 [pdf]
Harris, C.B., O’Connor, A.R. & Sutton, J. (2015). Cue generation or memory construction in direct and generative autobiographical memory. Consciousness and Cognition, 33, 204-216. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.12.012 [pdf]
Jersakova, R., O’Connor, A.R. & Moulin, C.J.A. (2015). What’s new in déjà vu? In S Haque & E Sheppard (Eds) Culture and Cognition: A collection of critical essays. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers. [pdf]
Urquhart, J.A. & O’Connor, A.R. (2014). The awareness of novelty for strangely familiar words: A laboratory analogue of the déjà vu experience. PeerJ. doi: 10.7717/peerj.666 [pdf]
Mill, R.D. & O’Connor, A.R. (2014). Question format shifts bias away from the emphasised response in tests of recognition memory. Consciousness & Cognition, 30, 91-104. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.09.006 [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R. & Moulin, C.J.A. (2013). Déjà vu experiences in healthy subjects are unrelated to laboratory tests of recollection and familiarity for word stimuli. Frontiers in Psychology, 4:881. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00881 [pdf]
Gradin, V., Waiter, G., O’Connor, A.R., Romaniuk, L., Stickle, C., Matthews, K., Hall, J., Steele, D. (2013). Salience network-midbrain dysconnectivity and blunted reward signals in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 211(2), 104-111. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.06.003 [pdf]
Jaeger, A., Selmeczy, D., O’Connor, A.R., Diaz, M. & Dobbins, I.G. (2012). Prefrontal cortex contributions to controlled memory judgment: fMRI evidence from adolescents and young adults. Neuropsychologia, 50, 3745-3756. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.022 [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R. (2012) Book Review – Delete: The virtue of forgetting in the digital age. Memory Studies, (4), 504-506 doi: 10.1177/1750698012451068b [pdf].
Illman, N.A., Moulin, C.J.A., O’Connor, A.R., Chauvel, P. (2012). Déjà experiences in Epilepsy: Contributions from memory research. In A. Zeman et al. (Eds) Epilepsy and Memory- The State of the Art. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580286.003.0007 [pdf]
Han, S., O’Connor, A.R., Eslick, A. & Dobbins, I.G. (2012). The role of left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during episodic decisions: Semantic elaboration or resolution of episodic interference? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(1), 223-234. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00133 [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R., Guhl, E.N., Cox, J.C. & Dobbins, I.G. (2011). Some memories are odder than others: Judgments of episodic oddity violate known decision rules. Journal of Memory and Language, 64(4), 299-315. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2011.02.001 [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R., Han, S. & Dobbins, I.G. (2010). The inferior parietal lobule and recognition memory: Expectancy violation or successful retrieval? The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(8), 2924-2934. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4225-09.2010 [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R. & Moulin, C.J.A. (2010). Recognition without identification, erroneous familiarity, and déjà vu. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12(3), 165-173. doi:10.1007/s11920-010-0119-5 [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R., Lever, C. & Moulin, C.J.A. (2010). Novel insights into false recollection: A model of déjà vécu. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 15, 118-144. doi:10.1080/13546800903113071 [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R. & Moulin, C.J.A. (2008). The persistence of erroneous familiarity in an epileptic male: Challenging perceptual theories of déjà vu activation. Brain and Cognition, 68, 144-147. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.03.007 [pdf]
Barnier, A.J., Cox, R.E., O’Connor, A., Coltheart, M., Langdon, R., Breen, N., & Turner, M. (2008). Developing hypnotic analogues of clinical delusions: Mirrored-self misidentification. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 13, 406-430. doi:10.1080/13546800802355666 [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R., Barnier, A.J. & Cox, R.E. (2008). Déjà vu in the laboratory: A behavioral and experiential comparison of posthypnotic amnesia and posthypnotic familiarity. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 56(4), 425-450. doi:10.1080/00207140802255450 [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R., Moulin, C.J.A. & Cohen, G. (2008). Memory and consciousness. In G. Cohen, & M.A. Conway (Eds.), Memory in the Real World (3rd Edition). Hove: Psychology Press. [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R. (2008) Politics and peer review. The Psychologist, 21(9), 752. [pdf]
O’Connor, A.R., & Moulin, C.J.A. (2006). Normal patterns of déjà experience in a healthy, blind male: Challenging optical pathway delay theory. Brain and Cognition 62(3), 246-249. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.06.004 [pdf]
Moulin, C.J.A., Turunen, M., Salter, A.J.A., O’Connor, A.R., Conway, M.A., & Jones, R.W. (2006). Recollective confabulation: Persistent déjà vecu in dementia. Helix Review Series, 2, 10-15.
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Daniel Linehan: Zombie Aporia | Lilian Baylis Studio | Sadler's Wells Theatre | London
Text by Grace Henderson
Zombie means living and dead. Aporia means logical contraction. The title of choreographer and performer
Daniel Linehan's latest work is a hybrid of two words that have never been joined together before - at least not according to Google. In Zombie Aporia, Linehan sets out to create unusual hybrids; musical rhythms colliding with opposing dance rhythms, or physical manipulations that result in the distortion of the voice.
Like much of Linehan's choreographic output, this work is intent on softly obscuring the line that separates dance from the everyday affectations we all use to express ourselves. Zombie Aporia is showing next week on 9 and 10 May. Daniel Linehan talks us through his latest work.
A: Can you tell me a bit more about Zombie Aporia, and how the work came to be so titled?
DL: In making Zombie Aporia, I wanted to find ways of combining two elements that didn't seem to fit together, creating different kinds of aporias, or logical contradictions. The title itself is a strange hybrid-a pop-culture reference is placed beside a term from philosophical discourse, Zombie plus Aporia, two words that don't seem to fit together, but which to my ear have a pleasing rhythm and assonance.
A: Much of the piece seems to centre on the idea of collision – what in particular is this exploring or communicating?
DL: The collision of two opposing elements allows us as dancers to perform in ways that are unfamiliar to us, and allows the audience to see things that are unfamiliar to them. So, for example, we dance in one rhythm while we sing in a completely different rhythm, or we try to make the audience see what the dancer sees. I am interested in how new meanings are produced when you combine elements that haven't been combined before. I didn't want to create a performance in which we do what we already know how to do, I wanted to put the dancers in situations that required the effort of trying something which seemed impossible.
A: Many of your works blur the boundaries somewhat between dance and our everyday physical mannerisms; why is this and how is this blurring achieved technically?
DL: In my work, the dancers are often trying to achieve a nearly impossible task that requires simultaneous layers of thinking and doing and reacting. This involves an intense effort of concentration and bodily engagement, but the movement vocabulary is not always derived from a recognizable dance technique, so it is not fully "dance," but neither is it fully an "everyday task". I am interested in ways of using the body that inhabit a region somewhere in between recognizable forms. I am not interested in amazing feats of dance technique. The only interesting thing to me about virtuosity is that nobody can fully realize it. Imperfection is the drive that keeps me going.
A: I understand that Zombie Aporia also uses the voice; how does this figure in the work and what does it bring to it overall?
DL: The music for the piece comes only from our own voices. There are no instruments and no amplifiers in the space other than our own bodies and voices. Zombie Aporia is very focused on how the voice is fundamentally based within the body, so I didn't want any other element of sound to interfere with that. We explore how the voice is transformed when one dancer manipulates the body of another dancer. We explore how proximity or distance in space changes how the audience hears our voices. We explore how bodily vibrations and how physical exhaustion alters the quality of the voice.
A: This piece marks your return to Sadler’s Wells after making your London debut there last year with Montage for Three and Not About Everything. What, for you, is special about staging your work there?
DL: Some of my work, like Not About Everything and Zombie Aporia, includes a lot of text (in English), and it seems especially significant to perform these works for an audience whose mother tongue is English. I often use subtitles or librettos in other countries in Europe, and of course many people speak English very well in other places, but I feel like audiences in New York and London can connect to these works on a deeper level. As for performing at Sadler's Wells, I really respect this venue; they are dedicated not only to large prominent dance companies, but also committed to helping less established choreographers like myself to develop and present their works.
A: What is next for you after Zombie Aporia and do you have plans to work with Sadler’s Wells again in the future?
DL: My next project will take a short section from Zombie Aporia and develop the concept further. This is a section in which a video projection exposes to the audience an image of what the dancer sees while he is dancing. I am very interested in how this technique allows the audience to experience dance-watching in an completely different way. I am very happy to have Sadler's Wells as one of the co-producers for this project, and I'm looking forward to presenting this piece there in 2013.
Daniel Linehan, Zombie Aporia, 09/05/2012 - 10/05/2012, Lilian Baylis Studio, Sadler's Wells Theatre, Rosebery Avenue, London, EC1R 4TN. Tickets: 0844 412 4300 www.sadlerswells.com
Posted by Aesthetica at Friday, May 04, 2012 6 comments Links to this post
Sara Greavu & Phil Hession: Titanic Toast | Golden Thread Gallery | Belfast
Of the many urban myths surrounding the Titanic’s legacy one predominant legend describes how Protestant dock workers in Belfast chalked the letters NPH (“No Pope Here”) on the ships bow thus dooming its maiden voyage. Another tale includes a curse of destruction from an Ancient Egyptian mummy named Amen-Ra whose body was on board in the hold. With the Titanic centenary celebrations predictably focusing on the standard facts the curator of Titanic Toast Peter Richards, Director of The GT Gallery, challenged invited artists Sara Greavu and Phil Hession to “explore alternative narratives and the question of how we remember.”
Sara Greavu addresses the tradition of myth-making through the power of the spoken word. In a collaborative production with Abby Oliveire from Derry based collective Poetry Chicks the viewer is presented with a large format video projection entitled Apocalips Lil and the Night to Remember. Traditionally in African-American communities to perform a Toast is to energetically narrate the tale of an heroic event and this oral artform has been considered the precursor to Rap. Referencing an original Toast, Shine and the Titanic, Oliveire is pictured narrating the stirring tale of a boiler stocker on board the Titanic and how his warnings of the disaster were disregarded due to his lowly social position. At one point the video image disappears (perhaps intentionally or due a technical fault) leaving the viewer in an eerily darkened space listening to the poignant resonance of Oliveire’s recitation. In an adjoining gallery Greavu presents three stunning collages that re-imagine what would have become of the Titanic if its maiden voyage had been uneventful. As many liners were commandeered by the navy during World War I and World War II Greavu has rendered the Titanic in bright geometric forms of orange, red and yellow hues. This battleship camouflage or dazzle was used by the military to confuse the enemy with its busy geometric composition making it hard to decipher the bow from the stern. At the adjacent wall Greavu has repeated the dazzle camouflage but on a larger scale creating an intense visual experience. In this room in particular we are reminded of The Titanic’s battle with the sea, the harsh frozen elements, it’s sinking, the survivors and the fatalities.
Taking a documentary approach, Phil Hession’s video installation Sing Along, If You Can attempts to analyse certain aspects of the Titanic’s original purpose. The artist spent eight days on board a trans-Atlantic cruise liner and by physically experiencing this form of transport Hession places himself within the context of the passengers. By keeping a visual diary of his time on board we experience the journey from the artist’s perspective. The recorded conversations that ensued with the cabin crew and fellow travellers range from discussions on safety, evacuation procedures and the reasons one chooses to participate in a voyage of this nature in the first place. Hessian skilfully captures the inherent oddness when strangers are placed in close proximity by chance.
Both artists have employed thought provoking and engaging methods to approach this overexposed subject and in doing so they manage to reinvigorate elements of the Titanic’s legacy.
Sara Greavu & Phil Hession: Titanic Toast, The Golden Thread Gallery, 84 - 94 Great Patrick Street, Belfast, BT1 2LU. www.goldenthreadgallery.co.uk
Phil Hession Sing Along, If You Can
Posted by Aesthetica at Thursday, May 03, 2012 9 comments Links to this post
ASFF 2012: ONE MONTH TO GO! SUBMIT TODAY TO SCREEN YOUR FILM
It's now only one month until the deadline for The Aesthetica Short Film Festival 2012 (ASFF) and here in the Aesthetica offices, we're getting very excited. We've already had some excellent entries from filmmakers across the world, and with an amazing line-up of masterclasses and networking events with the likes of Warp and BAFTA, ASFF 2012 is going to be truly spectacular!
Time is running out for you to get involved! If you want to take part in this fantastic event, and share your work with an international audience, visit www.asff.co.uk to enter today.
ASFF is a unique film event, showing international short film in 15 iconic locations across the historic city of York from 8 - 11 November 2012. It's a fantastic opportunity to see your film in new and surprising visual contexts, and with the whole city teeming with the vibrant film community, you can be sure to meet industry professionals as well as filmmakers and people who share your passion for film. Plus there are also some wonderful prizes at stake, including up to £500 in cash, reciprocal screenings at other festivals, and editorial coverage in Aesthetica Magazine.
Whether you're an established or budding filmmaker, ASFF 2012 will enable you to connect with new worldwide audiences and interact with some of the biggest personalities in the film industry today. If you've got a film of up to 25 minutes, we would love to see it!
Visit www.asff.co.uk for more information and to submit today!
Courtesy the Aesthetica Short Film Festival
Posted by Aesthetica at Wednesday, May 02, 2012 1 comments Links to this post
The Viewer as Spectator, Subject or Performer | The Catlin Art Prize 2012 | Interview with Poppy Bisdee
The Catlin Art Prize, an annual event showcasing the most promising art school graduates one year on
from their degree exhibitions, opens tomorrow at the Londonewcastle Project Space and includes new work by artists who demonstrate real potential to make a mark in the art world during the next decade. Following the publication of the Catlin Guide 2012, the shortlist of artists taking part includes: Gabriella Boyd, Poppy Bisdee, Jonny Briggs, Max Dovey, Ali Kazim, Adeline de Monseignat, Soheila Sokhanvari and former winner of the Aesthetica Creative Works Competition, Julia Vogl. Working across painting, sculpture, performance and film, the shortlist is incredibly diverse, however, there was something about the work of Poppy Bisdee that caught our eye.
A former student of Wimbledon College of Art and a recipient of the LUX Moving Image Prize 2011, Bisdee was recently selected from more than 10,000 graduating students to show her work in Future Map 11, an important annual exhibition which returned to the Zabludowicz Collection for the second year running.
Aesthetica caught up with Poppy Bisdee ahead of the opening to find out more.
BR: Let’s start off by talking about what you do. What is the main thrust of your creative practice? Where did it all begin for you?
PB: I am fascinated by the viewer's experience of art, and the ephemeral elements which make up that experience such as light, space and time. I am interested in the relationship between the viewer and the artwork, and the role of the viewer within the exhibition environment. My work is often a response to a space where it is ultimately to be exhibited. I use various recording and presentation technologies such as film and projection to create minimal sculptures and installations which reflect the exhibition space, the viewer's presence, and the duration of the viewing experience. By mirroring the viewer's physicality through images, sounds and shadows, I hope to bring in to question their role as spectator, subject or performer.
BR: What work will you be showing in the Catlin Art Prize?
PB: For the Catlin Art Prize I will be showing a 24-hour delay video installation, presenting the viewer with a video of the space they are standing in, but 24-hours before. The space will be constantly recorded, so those viewers will be shown in the video the following day. The playing video will also be visible in the recording, so there will be a repetition of the space throughout the recordings. This piece evolved as a development of previous works where I used photography to capture and present the exhibition space.
BR: Why have you chosen to work with recording technologies and projection and what are you hoping to achieve through these media?
PB: Using recording technologies, such as photographs or films, allows me to capture the space and the viewer's experience. Recording film, video or audio allows me to not only capture the visuals, but also a length of time, such as the duration of the viewing experience. Using presentation technologies, such as film projection or data projection, allows me to present the viewer with these recordings. Through my work I explore the sensory qualities of various forms of recording and presentation technologies, for example the quality of light or the mechanical sounds of an old film projector, with the aim to heighten the viewer's perceptive senses. I am especially interested in projection technologies as a projection uses the same ephemeral elements that make up an experience, light, space and time. Projection allows me to explore my ideas of mirroring a space within a space, for example I have created projections of spaces, which fall directly onto the walls of the space where they were originally recorded.
BR: If you had to condense your work into three overarching ideas, what would they be?
PB: If I had to condense my work into three overarching ideas, the first idea would be to explore our self-reflection on our immediate presence in space and time. The second would be to explore our understanding of the exhibition space. The third would be to explore our relationship as viewers with the artwork.
BR: The viewer is a central element in your work, Could you expand on these roles of spectator, subject and performer?
PB: My work is made to draw attention to the viewer’s experience which makes them part of it, and in a way they complete it. This brings into question whether they are spectators of the work, there to simply view and experience it; the subject of the work, there to satisfy the work’s concept; or the performers of the work, there as a physical element of the work. In my opinion, the viewer of my work is all three. With a lot of artworks the viewer is just a spectator, but when experiencing my work I would like the viewer to think more about their role and relationship with the work.
BR: What is your personal opinion on art prizes? What purpose do you feel they serve?
PB: I feel that although art prizes are a great opportunity for artists to gain more exposure in the art world, more importantly they allow the artist to develop their art practice further, giving them more confidence in their ideas, and sometimes allowing them to make work which would otherwise be beyond their means.
BR: What’s next for you?
PB: I am working towards a group show in the summer; details are yet to be confirmed. I am also in the early stages of organising a show with a group of fellow artists, so always looking out for exciting and unusual possible exhibition spaces. For more details and updates, please see my website: www.poppybisdee.com
The Catlin Art Prize 2012, Londonewcastle Project Space, 03/05/2012 - 25/05/2012, 28 Redchurch Street, Shoreditch, London, E2 7DP. www.londonewcastle.com
To read more about how Julia Vogl promotes the idea of community in her work please follow this link for an in-depth interview Aesthetica conducted with the artist in February.
Poppy Bisdee Measure
Courtesy Art Catlin
▼ April 29 - May 6 (4)
Daniel Linehan: Zombie Aporia | Lilian Baylis Stud...
Sara Greavu & Phil Hession: Titanic Toast | Golden...
ASFF 2012: ONE MONTH TO GO! SUBMIT TODAY TO SCREEN...
The Viewer as Spectator, Subject or Performer | Th...
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Philippines Overview:
The United States gained control of the Philippines in 1898 after defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War.
The Philippines gained their independence in 1946, following a period of Japanese occupation in the Second World War.
Ferdinand Marcos ruled the island as a dictator between 1965 to 1986.koo
Islamic rebels continue to fight government forces in the south of the country, while a communist insurgency continues in other parts of the Philippines.
The Philippines’ economy has not realized the massive growth that many other countries in Southeast Asia have experienced over the past four decades.
Key Facts and Data:
Official Name – Republic of the Philippines
Capital – Manila
Government Type – Republic
Head of State and Government – President Rodrigo Duterte (since 2016) • Population – 104,256,000
Land Area – 298.170 sq. km
Total GDP (US$) – $305 billion
Currency – Philippine peso
Current Events:
Political Outlook :
Key Political Issues
Economic Outlook :
Demographic and Environmental Outlook :
Key Political Events and Changes:
President Duterte suggested that he wanted to finish his term early as he was becoming too old and tired to do the job.
In May 2018, the country’s highest court forced its chief justice, Maria Lourdes Sereno, to step down. She had been one of the most vocal critics of President Duterte and his war on drugs.
President Duterte extended martial law by another year in the southern Philippines due to the threat of Islamist and Communist militants.
The United States and the Philippines carried out a large scale joint military exercise in May 2018.
In April 2018, Kuwait expelled the Philippines’ ambassador to that country over a dispute concerning the treatment of Philippine guest workers in that country.
Key Economic Events and Changes:
GDP growth in the Philippines accelerated to 6.8% on a year-on-year basis in the first quarter of 2018. Growth was boosted by highest levels of government spending and capital formation in the first quarter.
Exports from the Philippines declined by 8.2% year-on-year in March 2018, continuing a recent run of disappointing export results.
The country’s inflation rate rose to 4.5% year-on-year in April 2018.
The country’s central bank raised interest rates by 25 basis points to 3.25% in May 2018 in a bid to combat rising inflationary pressures.
The unemployment rate in the Philippines rose to 5.3% in the first quarter of 2018.
The government launched an investigation into a public dengue fever immunization program that may pose health risks to 730,000 children in the Philippines. This led to tens of thousands of parents refusing to allow their children to receive the vaccine in the first few months of 2018.
In April 2018, the government closed the popular tourist island of Boracay for six months in a bid to restore the environmental health of the island’s beaches and the waters off of the island.
The lower house of the Philippine parliament passed a bill that would legalize divorce in the country in April 2018. However, this bill faces major opposition, including from President Duterte.
Philippines Political Outlook
Philippines: Current Government
President Rodrigo Duterte was sworn in as president of the Philippines in mid-2016.
Meanwhile, Leni Robredo became the new vice president at the same time.
Key Members Of The Government :
Head of State and Government – President Rodrigo Duterte
Vice-President – Leni Robredo
Minister of Foreign Affairs – Alan Peter Cayetano
Minister of Finance – Carlos Dominquez III
Minister of the Interior and Local Government – Eduardo Ano
Minister of Justice – Vitaliano Aguirre
Minister of Defense – Delfin Lorenzana
Minister of Trade and Industry – Ramon Lopez
Profile of President Rodrigo Duterte
Rodrigo Duterte was elected president of the Philippines in 2016, after winning a clear victory in that year’s presidential election.
Prior to becoming president, he was the mayor of the southern city of Davao City, where he made a name for himself nationally by taking a hard line on crime and corruption and reducing that city’s crime rates dramatically.
President Duterte is the first ethnic Mindinaoan to become the president of the Philippines.
President Duterte has focused many of his efforts at reducing crime and corruption in the Philippines.
His methods (and his tone) have been criticized by human rights groups who accuse him of using unlawful methods to combat crime and corruption.
President Duterte’s economy policies have been focused on improving living standards for poorer Filipinos.
Otherwise, he has maintained many of the policies of his predecessors, including welcoming foreign investment and trade as a means of boosting economic growth and living standards in the Philippines.
Philippines: Most Recent Elections
Presidential Elections – May 2016
Summary of the Last Elections:
The controversial mayor of the southern city of Davao, Rodrigo “Digong” Duterte, won a resounding victory in May 2016’s presidential election.
Duterte had trailed in the polls just a few months before the election, but his anti-crime platform won him a great deal of support in the final months of the campaign.
In the end, Duterte won 36.5% of the popular vote, well ahead of President Aquino’s favored candidate, Mar Roxas (22.% of the vote) and the relative newcomer, Grace Poe (20.5% of the vote).
The campaign was dominated by the controversial statements made before and during the campaign by Mr. Duterte.
He vowed to kill thousands of criminals in the Philippines and to bend the laws of the country to eliminate crime within his first year in office.
Many foreign countries criticized Mr. Duterte in the run up to the election, but this did little to dent his popularity.
Philippines’ Leading Political Forces: Liberal Party (PLP)
History :
The Liberal Party re-emerged as a leading force in the country’s politics following Benigno Aquino’s victory in the 2010 presidential election.
The Liberal Party has been in existence since 1945 and is now one of the best-established parties in the country.
Key Policies and Stances :
The Liberals favor lower taxes for individuals and businesses in the Philippines.
The party has taken a strong stance against corruption in the country in recent years.
The Liberals were the leaders in the efforts to reduce the presence of the United States military in the Philippines.
Outlook :
The Liberals will be the leading force in the country’s politics over the near-term thanks to President Aquino’s position.
Nevertheless, the party will likely find it difficult to exercise too much power given the divided nature of the country’s political system.
Philippines: International Relations Outlook
China’s claim to much of the South China Sea, including the Spratly Islands, has been contested by the Philippines and this has significantly raised tensions between the two countries in recent years.
Malaysia and the Philippines dispute the control of three islands in the South China Sea as well.
The Philippines main priority will be to maintain internal stability and this will heavily influence its international affairs for decades to come.
Relations with the US will remain paramount as the Philippines looks to control Muslim rebels in the south and to hold off the rising influence of China.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has 10 member states: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
ASEAN was established 1967 in Thailand by the organization’s five original members (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand).
The five additional members of ASEAN all joined the organization between 1984 and 1999.
ASEAN seeks to promote economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in Southeast Asia, while also seeking to promote regional peace and stability.
One of the organisations primary objectives is to establish ASEAN as a single market and production base, thus allowing the organization to better compete with its larger neighbors.
ASEAN intends to achieve this goal by establishing a free flow of investment, capital and products between member countries.
Furthermore, ASEAN seeks to encourage peace in Southeast Asia and throughout the rest of Asia by ensuring democratic values are upheld in the region, although this aim has been severely tested in recent years.
ASEAN is facing a number of challenges that could jeopardize the prospects for unity and prosperity in Southeast Asia. First, political unrest in number of key member states could destabilize the region. Second, the economic challenge presented by China and India is threatening the region’s ability to maintain strong economic growth.
Potential Conflict: China
Main Disputes:
The two countries are the key players in the dispute over control of the potentially oil-rich Spratly Islands.
Mischief Reef, which is far closer to the Philippines than China, is currently occupied by Chinese forces.
China has asserted its “right” to control the entire South China Sea, including areas near the Philippines.
The Philippines regularly apprehends Chinese fishermen in Philippine waters.
Best- and Worst-Case Scenarios:
Best Case Scenario – China accepts an international settlement to the Spratly Islands dispute that allows the Philippines a share of the territory.
Worst-Case Scenario – China asserts its claim to most of the South China Sea, bringing it into conflict with the Philippines.
The Philippines has little capacity to project military power outside of its borders.
In fact, the country’s armed forces struggle to maintain control over its vast array of islands and territories.
The military’s main task has been to maintain control of Mindanao and nearby islands.
With assistance from the US, it has registered some recent successes against Muslim separatist forces in recent years.
China’s ambitions in the South China Sea are a major concern for the military.
This has led to the Philippines building up its naval capabilities in the region.
The Philippines has little capacity to upgrade its military capabilities in the near future.
This will result in a widening of military capabilities between the Philippines and China, as well as other countries in the region.
Philippines: Political Risk Outlook
The Philippines face some of the highest levels of political risk in all of East Asia and these levels are likely to remain high for the foreseeable future.
At present, the government has regional rebel movements fairly well under control, but an increase in infighting among the government and the military could lead to a broad destabilization of the country.
The country’s piecemeal political system also leads to higher levels of political risk as the system is based more on individuals than on land-standing political parties or movements.
Philippines Economic Outlook
The Philippines’ traditionally agriculture-based economy is becoming increasingly diversified as the service and manufacturing sectors have expanded in recent decades.
Lost-cost manufacturing has been one of the fastest growing areas of the economy.
Agriculture is split between food crops for domestic consumption and cash crops such as sugar cane and tobacco.
The Philippines is home to some of Asia’s largest wealth disparities.
For example, Manila and its suburbs are nearly ten times wealthier than southern Mindanao.
Manufacturing will continue to play a more important role in the Philippine economy, but will not reach the levels of China or many other Southeast Asian countries.
As a result, agriculture will continue to play an important role, with export potential growing in the coming decades.
The service sector also has the potential to record major growth in the coming years.
Key Wealth-Related Issues and Trends
The Philippines remains one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia.
Moreover, purchasing power has failed to grow as quickly as in many other countries in the region.
Poverty is widespread, with major wealth discrepancies existing between different regions.
Without a major increase in foreign investment and in manufactured exports, wealth levels in the Philippines will continue to fall further behind other countries in the region, such as China. This, in turn, will result in slower economic growth rates in the future as foreign investment goes elsewhere.
Philippines: GDP Growth Outlook
GDP growth has been very high since 2010, in part as a result of a major increase in domestic demand levels.
In 2016, the Philippines recorded the highest rate of economic growth in East Asia, surpassing China, before a slight slowdown in 2017.
Future Outlook :
GDP growth will slowly trend upwards over the course of the near-term as domestic and export demand levels continue to trend upwards.
Philippines: Industrial Production Growth Outlook
Current Outlook
Foreign investment in the manufacturing sector has remained relatively small, preventing industrial production growth rates from reaching the levels of many other countries in the region.
Without a major increase in foreign investment, industrial production growth will remain below the regional average.
Manufacturing Location Rankings by in Developing Asia
Current Situation:
China remains Asia’s most attractive manufacturing location and the world’s dominant manufacturing center, but rising costs are jeopardizing its position.
Other East Asian emerging markets such as Vietnam and the Philippines are attracting more low-cost manufacturing investment.
Future Situation:
Chinese manufacturing will continue to move upmarket as costs rise.
Other Asian emerging markets will see their manufacturing sectors grow rapidly in the coming years as the region remains the center of global manufacturing.
Retail and Consumer Market Overview
Despite the Country’s recent run of economic growth retail sales growth levels have remained quite low during this period. Moreover, purchasing power levels in the Philippines remain well behind those of China and most other Asian emerging markets.
Philippines: Inflation Outlook
Falling oil prices helped to push down inflation rates in 2015 and 2016.
However, inflationary pressures returned over the course of 2017 and the first part of 2018.
Inflation rates will trend slightly upwards in the coming years.
Moreover, a number of pressures and shocks could lead to further spikes in inflation later in the forecast period.
Foreign Trade Overview
The Philippines current account surplus has all but disappeared in recent years due to weaker export demand and rising demand for imported goods. Looking ahead,high import levels will result in a current account deficit , despite improving export prospects over the long term.
The United States and Japan accounted for a large portion of the FDI inflows to the Philippines in recent years.
The manufacturing sector has been the leading recipient of this FDI as investors are targeting the Philippines for low-cost, labor intensive manufacturing operations.
The banking, mining and food processing sectors are also receiving significant amounts of foreign investment.
Foreign investment inflows in the Philippines have increased significantly in recent years.
This is due in large part to the growing attractiveness of the Philippines’ domestic market.
The Philippines will continue to trail many of its East Asian competitors in the race to attract foreign investment, but the gap will continue to close.
Political factors will remain a key factor in the Philippines’ ability to attract foreign investment.
Working Patterns and the Labor Force in Philippines
Unemployment and underemployment remains a problem in the Philippines, but economic growth has allowed for these rates to trend downwards in recent years.
As population growth continues, unemployment will grow, unless new job creation schemes are successful.
Meanwhile, the amount of skilled labor in the Philippines is growing, but remain behind that of many of the region’s more developed countries.
One advantage that the Philippines has is that a large percentage of its skilled workforce has strong English language abilities, making outsourcing a potential source of growth in the future.
Wages in the Philippines remain among the lowest in the Asia-Pacific region.
This is particularly true away from the capital city Manila, where foreign investment remains very small.
Philippines: Exchange Rates
The Philippine peso weakened recently against most major currencies due in part to uncertainty over the political situation in the Philippines. In the coming years, a larger depreciation for the peso remains a possibility if investor confidence in the Philippines wanes or if political instability becomes a larger threat.
Fiscal Policy Overview
Current Outlook :
The Philippines actually recorded a fiscal surplus in 2014, before falling back into a deficit in 2015 and 2016 and 2017 as government spending levels increased.
The budget deficit is forecast to remain in place over the near-term, as an increase in government spending offsets higher tax revenues.
Largest Companies in Philippines
Leading Companies:
Compared with the larger countries of the region, the Philippines does not have any truly large domestic companies.
This is the result of the poverty in the country which makes it a smaller market than other countries in the region.
Few of the largest companies in the country are domestically-owned.
Outlook For Domestic Companies :
Without significant growth on the domestic market, it will be difficult for large companies to be created in the Philippines.
Moreover, foreign companies, with huge amounts of capital, will be able to take a more dominant position in the Philippines in the coming years.
Forecast Assumptions and Risk
Near-Term Global Growth to Remain Stable The near-term forecast for the global economy calls for overall economic growth rates to remain near current levels, with developed economies continuing to grow faster than in previous years.
Mid-Term Economic Risk Levels to Rise A number of risks (share price corrections, Chinese debt, political gridlock) will rise to more dangerous levels by 2019, jeopardizing the recent run of steady growth for many large economies.
Asia Drives Global Growth Asian emerging markets, led by China, India and Southeast Asia, will generate nearly half of the world’s economic growth over the near- and mid-term.
Strong Domestic Demand Domestic demand levels in the Philippines will continue to rise in the years ahead, enabling the country’s economy to continue to grow at a strong pace.
Risks:
A Global Power Vacuum Whether by design or due to internal political unrest, the United States’ ”America First” policies are resulting in power vacuums forming in many of the world’s most volatile regions.
Major Power Conflicts The risk of conflicts between large- and mid-sized powers is rising in the Middle East, Asia and East Europe, and any of these could have the scale needed to severely disrupt the global economy.
Return to Violence in the Southern Philippines While the security situation in the southern Philippines has improved in recent years, the potential for a return to widespread unrest remains firmly in place.
Economic Meltdown. Despite the recent run of impressive economic growth, the Philippines remains at risk from internal and external shocks that could lead to much lower rates of economic growth.
Philippines: Economic Risk Outlook
Economic risk levels in the Philippine have fallen significantly in recent years.
One of the main reasons for this decline in economic risk levels in the Philippines has been the development of the country’s domestic market in recent years.
Ethnic Groups : Most Filipinos are of Malay descent.
Many have some degree of Chinese or European ancestry as well. A number of small minority groups live in more remote areas of the Philippines.
Many of these ethnic minorities live in the southern islands
Languages : Both Filipino and English are official languages of the Philippines.
Filipino is derived from Tagalog, which is the language of Luzon Island.
However, other ethnic groups and regions have been reluctant to adapt this language.
Religions: The Philippines is the only country in Asia with a Christian majority.
Most Christians in the Philippines are Roman Catholic. The Muslim minority lives mostly in the South.
Muslim secessionists have been fighting the government for nearly 30 years.
Philippines: Leading Urban Centers
Manila is the dominant urban center in the Philippines and has grown to become one of the largest cities in Asia.
As urbanization continues, the population of the Manila metropolitan area will likely pass 20 million within the next two decades.
The other major cities in the country often serve as the commercial center for smaller islands.
Key Demographic Issue in Philippines
The Muslim Minority
Two groups of Muslims live on the southern island of Mindanao, the Moro and the Samal.
They adapted Islam in the 13th century as they had contacts with traders from the Middle East.
The Moro National Liberation Front began waging a guerrilla war in the early 1970s.
Fighting has been particularly heavy since 1995.
Some factions of the MNLF signed a peace treaty with the government in 1996 that granted some autonomy to Muslim areas.
Abu Sayyaf and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, MNLF splinter groups, have carried on the fighting in recent years.
They have carried out a number of kidnapping raids and terrorists acts in the southern Philippines over the past decade.
The US is providing troops, advisors and supplies to the Philippine government in an attempt to eliminate the remaining Islamic rebel factions still in operation. Difficult terrain and rebel support among the local population will make the elimination of the rebel groups a difficult task, but by putting them on the defensive, the government hopes to curtail the rebels’ ability to launch fresh terrorist attacks.
Philippines: Topography and Climate
The Philippines is a series of volcanic islands (more the 7,100) running from north to south.
The largest two islands are Luzon in the north and Mindanao in the south.
The larger islands have river valleys and bays where most Filipinos live.
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are common occurrences.
The Philippines have a tropical climate with warm temperatures all year.
The rainy monsoon season lasts from May to November when the islands can be hit by severe typhoons.
The dry season in the Philippines lasts from November to April.
Rapid population growth has resulted in the Philippines having one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world.
Filipinos are increasingly moving to more forested areas of the country.
Illegal logging is proving difficult to control for the government.Manila’s air quality is notoriously bad and is growing worse.
As urban populations continue to grow, pressure on urban environments will grow. • The urban population of the Philippines will double in the next 50 years.
The Philippines are susceptible to a variety of natural disasters.
Some of the largest volcanic eruptions in recent times have occurred here
Earthquakes are also a danger.
Major typhoons hit the islands on a regular basis, causing extensive damage.
Philippines: Demographic and Environmental Risk Outlook
As the population of the Philippines continues to increase, demographic-related risk will likewise grow, adding to the potential for domestic instability.
Environmental Risk Outlook:
Few countries are more at risk from natural disasters than the Philippines.
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Cilento’s Star-Making Bermuda Role
She arrived in Bermuda in 1956 as a virtual unknown to play a castaway Edwardian servant girl in a film being shot here and found stardom — and, indirectly, love with Sean Connery — as a result of her time on the island.
Diane Cilento, the Australian actress who was propelled to international celebrity after appearing in the Bermuda-made film “The Admirable Crichton” and later became known as “Mrs. Bond” to a generation of tabloid readers after her 1962 marriage to 007 actor Mr. Connery, died in her native Queensland on October 7. She was 78.
Directed by British veteran Lewis Gilbert — best known for “The Poseidon Adventure” and three James Bond films and a mentor to Bermudian actor Earl Cameron who he cast in his dramas “There Is Another Sun” and “Emergency Call!” – “The Admirable Crichton” [re-titled "Paradise Lagoon" in the US] was largely filmed on location in Bermuda.
Based on a 1902 play by “Peter Pan” author J.M. Barrie and starring Kenneth More [pictured with Ms Cilento above on South Shore], Sally Ann Howes — the future Truly Scrumptious in 1968′s “Chitty Chitty Bang Bang”– and Cecil Parker, “The Admirable Crichton” was a satire on British class conventions and focussed on an uppercrust London family and its household servants who are shipwrecked on a deserted island.
Traditional roles are reversed when it becomes clear butler William Crichton has the skills and resourcefulness to keep everyone alive. Within a few months, the social order on the island has been reversed: Crichton, who becomes affectionately known as “Guv”, takes control of affairs, while his former employers become his willing and eager servants.
The movie’s principal locations were Grape Bay and other beaches along Bermuda’s South Shore.
Released to enthusiastic reviews and healthy box office returns by Columbia Pictures in 1957, the movie made Ms Cilento an international star for her scene-stealing supporting role as the maid Eliza.
Ms Cilento went on to have a long career in movies and the theatre and won an Oscar nomination for her performance in the bawdy 1963 comedy “Tom Jones.”
She first set eyes on Sean Connery in 1957 at the glitzy London premiere of “The Admirable Crichton”. She had married a beautiful young Italian in London, only to discover that their lives were controlled by his wealthy family.
The British premiere offered two weeks of freedom from her domineering Italian in-laws. “I was footloose and fancy-free,” she says, “but pregnant by my Italian husband”.
Her strongest memory of that night was “the presence of a tall, funny actor with two gold eyeteeth, who leapt about firing off a barrage of one-liners in a broad Scottish brogue. He walked with the forward-leaning, slightly pigeon-toed gait of a body builder”, she recalls, “and his thick eyebrows met between his eyes. He looked dangerous, but fun.”
Scenes from the Portuguese-language dub of “The Admirable Crichton”
She was told by her agent it was Sean Connery, her next leading man in ITV’s upcoming production of “Anna Christie”.
“There was no question of romance,” she says, “I was about to disappear abroad to have my baby, but Sean and I became friends.”
In 1962 she divorced her husband of seven years, Andrea Volpe, and married Mr. Connery, who began his career as James Bond in “Dr. No” that same year. She divorced Mr. Connery in 1973 and 12 years later married British playwright Anthony Shaffer.
She and Mr. Shaffer lived in Queensland, where she ran a successful open-air theatre in the rain forest. Mr. Shaffer died in 2001.
BUEI To Screen “Hampstead” On July 14th
BUEI To Screen “Maiden Trip” On July 7th
BIFF To Screen “All Is True” On July 3
BIFF: Aretha Franklin Documentary Screening
BIFF To Screen Aretha Franklin Documentary
CAA To Screen “Home Truth” On June 7th
#Australia #FullLengthMovies #MoviesMadeInBermuda #MovieStars
Category: All, Entertainment, Films/Movies, History
Chronic Backpain (Original) says:
Much of the movie was also shot on Chaplin Bay – the wedding scene above was just above the beach. There is at least one copy of the movie in Bermuda as I have it.
tom burton says:
I live in London and sometimes see Lewis Gilbert in the local cafe.
When he heard I used to live in Bermuda, I remember Lewis once telling me about this film.
He said the whole crew was invited up to dinner one evening at Noel Coward’s place… and that Noel Coward insisted on cooking.
Everyone was too much in awe of him to tell him his cooking was awful.
« Videos: Kings of Construction Challenge
Upcoming: Charity Swim-A-Thon »
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Fullerence (C60) Molecule – A Review
abhijitray_2001@yahoo.com
Address: Abhijit Ray
HOD, Department of Biotechnology, Raipur Institute of Technology, Raipur (CG)
A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid or tube. Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs, and they resemble the balls used in football. Cylindrical ones are called carbon nanotubes. Fullerenes are similar in structure to graphite, which is composed of stacked graphene sheets of linked hexagonal rings; but they may also contain pentagonal (or sometimes heptagonal) rings.The discovery of fullerenes greatly expanded the number of known carbon allotropes, which until recently were limited to graphite, diamond, andamorphous carbon such as soot and charcoal. Buckyballs and buckytubes have been the subject of intense research, both for their unique chemistry and for their technological applications, especially in materials science, electronics, and nanotechnology.The fullerene family, and especially C60, has appealing photo, electrochemical and physical properties, which can be exploited in various medical fields. Fullerene is able to fit inside the hydrophobic cavity of HIV proteases, inhibiting the access of substrates to the catalytic site of enzyme. It can be used as radical scavenger and antioxidant. At the same time, if exposed to light, fullerene can produce singlet oxygen in high quantum yields. This action, together with direct electron transfer from excited state of fullerene and DNA bases, can be used to cleave DNA. In addition, fullerenes have been used as a carrier for gene and drug delivery systems. Also they are used for serum protein profiling as MELDI material for biomarker discovery.
C60, fullerence, buckyballs, drug delivery
Abhijit Ray. Fullerence (C60) Molecule – A Review. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2(2): April-June 2012; Page 47-50.
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South Korea's Nuclear Energy Program: A Primer
South Korea (Republic of Korea) - Nuclear Energy Program
Above, the Republic of Korea's six-unit Yonggwang Nuclear Station.
South Korea's nuclear energy program has both a varied history and a confusing (at least, for Westerners) structure; in order to properly assess this ambitious nation's program it is helpful to develop a clear and uncomplicated presentation on the program's history, status and goals.
There is a need, for clarity, to omit some facts from this presentation; if everything were included, it would run for a week continuously. Atomic Power Review will give the important entities, developments and historical highlights so that readers will be conversant on an above average scale with the South Korean nuclear program should they read this entire post.
In particular, APR is focusing on the increasing effort by South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea, or ROK) to export its nuclear power plant technology. The construction of a nuclear power station for the United Arab Emirates is at this point the ROK's highest achievement in that field; as a result, APR will focus on PWR development in the ROK (since it is Korean PWR plants which will be built there) and omit CANDU construction which the ROK has apparently ceased.
ROK Republic of Korea - Nuclear Energy Entities
We will briefly discuss entities involved with nuclear energy in the ROK.
KEPCO - Korea Electric Power Corporation: The only utility company in the ROK.
KHNP - Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd.: Involved with construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Oversees all aspects of nuclear plant construction; co-ordinates the other project contractors. Operates nuclear power plants. Essentially acts functionally as owner-operator, but with some embedded A/E functions.
KEPCO E&C - KEPCO Engineering & Construction Co., Inc.: This firm has two functions; first, it designs the NSSS or Nuclear Steam Supply Systems for nuclear power plants - in other words, the primary reactor plant. Second, it is also essentially what we in the USA would call an A/E or architect-engineer firm. Early work by this firm to build nuclear plants was in cooperation with Bechtel. Later worked with Sargent & Lundy. Formerly known as KOPEC.
KEPCO NF - Korea Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd.: Design and fabrication of nuclear fuel
KEPCO KPS - Korea Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.: Power plant maintenance service & engineering
KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute: A group with a long history, dating back to 1959. Provides R&D on nuclear projects of all kinds; relationship to the power reactor industry is focused on safety research and fuel development. Undertook project to develop capability to produce all nuclear fuel inside ROK; in the case of PWR type fuel, worked with KWU of Germany.
KINGS - Kepco International Nuclear Graduate School: An intensive educational program to fill the world's need for highly skilled, competent leaders, project planners and engineers in the field of nuclear plant technology.
All of the above entities are closely interrelated and even use variations of the same corporate logo on their websites and published materials.
GABI - Global America Business Institute: This US firm is actually an authorized external representative for two Korean entities; for KAERI, and for the Korean Nuclear Society.
DOOSAN HEAVY INDUSTRIES: ROK corporation that actually manufactures the primary reactor plant, and the turbine-generator as well.
KHNP has certified a number of ROK companies to fabricate parts for various parts of nuclear power plants and the BOP or Balance Of Plant which aren't mentioned. Also, external firms can and do get orders for ROK-built nuclear plants. For example, Westinghouse will provide some major components to the UAE build.
The above likely covers all of the entities involved with the construction and operation of ROK nuclear plants that you're likely to hear about in the press or even in inside-industry circles. It is important to understand that some of the entities have changed names over time, and that some functions have moved from one entity to another over time. We've omitted all of the ROK Rad Health entities and oversight entities for brevity.
A brief history of nuclear energy in the ROK
Let's now take a look at a very brief timeline covering major developments in the ROK's nuclear energy history.
It could be said that the country's history comprised four phases: Nuclear aspirations, wherein it desired to have nuclear energy in the future; a turn-key period wherein fixed contract turn-key plants were built by foreign firms; a cooperative phase which was integral with the ROK desire to obtain technology transfer and become technology dependent; and finally the phase we are in now, where the ROK is fully capable of constructing the entire plant itself, and has full capability to develop advanced generations of nuclear plant designs.
Here is a brief timeline obtained from printed materials distributed by GABI and by KAERI at the recent ANS 2012 Annual Meeting, supplemented by details from printed materials by KINGS and from the APR research library.
1957 ROK becomes a member of the IAEA
1959 Predecessor of KAERI established
1962 ROK operates its first reasearch reactor
1971 Construction starts on ROK's first commercial nuclear station
1980's Construction on nuclear plants continues and includes increasing involvement of Korean based firms
1987 ROK signs a ten-year agreement with Combustion Engineering to transfer technology to Korea
1990's Additional reactors are built at varied plant sites mostly with local design and technology
2008 ROK unveils its National Energy Basic Plan which increases the percentage of electrcity in the country generated by nuclear power to a target of 59% by 2030
2009 ROK consortium wins contract worth $20 billion to build a nuclear generating station in the United Arab Emirates (UAE.) Beats bids from USA, Japan, France.
Let's look at some details on the initial foray into atomic science in the ROK. We'll use the APR library; you can see the end of this article for a complete list of reference materials consulted for this project.
Agreement for Cooperation: The ROK entered into an Agreement for Cooperation with the United States in February, 1961. This agreement was limited in scope to atomic research only and expired five years from the signing date. The agreement was amended at some point after signing, possibly to allow transfer of special nuclear material as required by our next point below.
Research Reactor: The research reactor mentioned in the brief timeline was a General Atomics Triga Mk II and was located at the headquarters of what is now KAERI, in Seoul. This reactor was rated 100 KWt. The AEC's Research Reactor Grants program contributed $350,000 toward this project's costs.
The Republic of Korea essentially went a decade between the construction of this foreign-built research reactor and the launch of the project to construct its first nuclear generating station. Now, we'll look at the progression of events concerning PWR nuclear plant construction and operation in the ROK.
PWR Plant Developments in the ROK
In 1972, construction began on the first nuclear power station in the ROK. This unit became known as Kori-1. This plant is a Westinghouse "turn key project" two-loop PWR rated 576 MWe net; this was the smallest standardized Westinghouse plant at that time. It is of interest to note that when General Atomics supplied the KAERI Triga II reactor for research in 1961, the entire electric generating capacity of the ROK was roughly 500 MW, which is less than the output of Kori-1 as built beginning a decade later. Kori-1 first achieved criticality in 1977, launching the nuclear electric generating era in the ROK.
In that same year, 1977, construction began at Kori of a second Westinghouse PWR to become Kori-2. This was also a turn-key contract plant rated 637 MWe.
According to an article published some time back by the Korea Herald, the decision was made in April 1978 to embark upon a massive program in the ROK to both spread the use of nuclear energy as a generating source and, perhaps more significantly, to initiate a process that would result in having a completely standardized ROK-built nuclear power plant design in production.
Kori-3 was begun in 1979, and Kori-4 in 1980; these were further Westinghouse PWR plants, but were in the 1000 MWe class. These plants were not turn-key plants, but rather were built more like US plants at that time with separate component bids and contractors, and included the first coordination of nuclear plant projects by Korean entities. However, this did not result in any nuclear technology transfer.
Further plants built under the above arrangement included Yonggwang 1 and 2, both Westinghouse PWR plants rated roughly 950 MWe; construction started on these in 1981.
Above, map included in GABI brochure on history of Korean nuclear plants. As with all photos this page, click to enlarge. Nuclear stations including the name "shin" are essentially second near-by but not contiguous sites to earlier ones.
In August 1982, the government of the ROK established a new plan for the long-term supply of electric power to a growing ROK both for industrial and residential use. Under this new plan, nuclear energy was to continue to play an ever-expanding role but now it was required that technology transfer had to be included in new projects in order for bids to be accepted.
Prior to the actual request for bids under this program, Framatome of France began construction of two units simultaneously at the new Ulchin nuclear station. Both were begun in 1983 and both were PWR's rated roughly 940 MWe.
In October 1985 KEPCO issued its invitation to bid on the new construction program with technology transfer; bids were received from Westinghouse, from Combustion Engineering, from Framatome and from AECL Canada. Under the agreement, whoever won the contract would assist in construction of two further units at the Yonggwang site, which would essentially be the prototypes for the planned standardized ROK nuclear power plant as initially outlined by the requirement of 1978.
Combustion Engineering (actually, ABB-CE at that point) won the bidding and a contract for Yonggwang 3 and 4 was signed in April 1987. The contractual requirement was for Unit 3 to be online in 1995 and Unit 4 in 1996. Construction of Unit 3 began in 1989 and that of Unit 4 followed the next year.
Yonggwang 3 and 4 are considered by the Korean nuclear industry to be the prototypes of the present power plant lines, or the "Reference Design." The NSSS of these plants is a downscaled version of the Combustion Engineering System 80 plant; the only completed CE80 plants are the three at Palo Verde; the turbine generator is a GE product, based on that provided for Perry; construction of the plants was assisted by Sargent & Lundy, using as references Yonggwang 1 and 2, as well as Byron and Braidwood in the United States.
Above, Palo Verde (three CE80 units) while under construction, 1983.
Some 193 patents and 4500 separate documents were transferred to Korea from ABB-CE as part of the technology transfer in order to develop indigenous nuclear generating station abilities on all fronts, from design and construction to operation and maintenance.
In May 1987 - only a month after the contract award was announced, with no designs or hardware in hand - the ROK launched a study into the feasibility of designing and constructing what would become the standardized ROK nuclear plant, at that time known somewhat generally as the KSNPP or Korean Standardized Nuclear Power Plant (sometimes, just "KSNP.") The decision was made to essentially directly transfer knowledge from the Yonggwang 3 and 4 project to this new effort as it came in, but also to incorporate all lessons learned and developments in real time. This effort was to lead to construction of Ulchin 3 and 4 next to the two Framatome plants that were more than half finished at the time.
Into the effort to develop this design went new analytical codes, lessons learned from construction (and eventually, operation) of Yonggwang 3 and 4, data and lessons learned from the TMI accident, information obtained as a result of consultation with EPRI, various design improvements and updated building codes. All of this work resulted in what was originally known as the KSNPP but which is now generally known as the OPR1000, or the Optimized Power Reactor, 1000 MWe class.
Yonggwang 3 and 4, the reference ABB-CE plants first started up in 1994 and 1995. Construction on the first two OPR-1000 units as Ulchin 3 and 4 finally in 1993, and these plants were first started up in 1997 and 1998.
KHNP began to replicate the OPR1000 design in further projects: Construction of Yonggwang 5 and 6 began in 1997, while construction on Ulchin 5 and 6 began in 1999-2000.
Above, Ulchin Nuclear Station. Furthest from the camera are the two Framatome PWR units; nearer are the four OPR1000 plants.
After the design of the above round of plants was finalized, around January 1998, the ROK began a program to take all lessons learned from operating plants and those under construction to further improve the standard plant design. KHNC and KOPEC worked for four years to both improve safety and cut construction and operating costs, and a wide range of revisions to design was developed. This design is what is known as the "Improved OPR1000."
Construction of the first I-OPR1000 plants was begun with Shin-Kori 1 and 2 in 2006 and 2007 (construction start dates) and continued with Shin-Wolsong 1 and 2 in 2007 and 2008. These four plants are the ultimate direct development of the original plan for a standardized Korean nuclear plant.
Further developments - increased output, increased safety
In 1992, the ROK initiated a design program called the KNGR Project, for "Korean Next Generation Reactor," to determine what the next design for a standardized power plant would be. Three rounds of work carried out through 2001 resulted in the selection of a very large, two loop PWR in the 1400 MWe class with greatly enhanced safety features as the candidate. This design became known as the APR1400 or "Advanced Power Reactor, 1400 MWe class" and was granted Design Approval from the ROK government May 7, 2002.
APR1400 construction began with Shin-Kori 3 and 4 in 2008 and 2009; it continued with Shin-Ulchin 1 and 2 whose construction is just underway. Also under construction in the United Arab Emirates is a four-unit nuclear station using the APR1400 design referred to as the BNPP or Barakah Nuclear Power Plant. Planned but not underway yet at the Shin-Kori site are two further units, to be Shin-Kori 5 and 6. Shin-Kori 3 is expected to be on line in commercial service in September 2013 followed by Shin-Kori 4 one year later. Shin-Ulchin 1 and 2 are expected online in 2017 and 2018; no dates are set for Shin-Kori 5 and 6.
The ROK has almost completely established itself as a supplier of complete nuclear generating stations; figures from KAERI indicate that averaged though the various myriad power plant systems of the most recent plants built, an average of 95% of the materials were manufactured in Korea.
The above article was constructed using printed reference material from the following: Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI); KEPCO International Nuclear Graduate School (KINGS); Global America Business Institute. Also consulted were internet materials developed and published by KEPCO and KHNP, and the KAERI Nuclear Training Center. Details of the progression of the ROK program were obtained from an article published in 2010 by the Korea Herald. "The Atomic Energy Deskbook," John F. Hogerton, 1963 provided details of the initial Korean agreement with the USAEC and the TRIGA reactor. Also consulted was "Systems Summary of a Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant," Westinghouse Electric, 1971. The WNA website was used for construction start date and criticality dates for some plants mentioned in the article. The article above is entirely a new construct which, except for some dates as mentioned obtained from WNA is entirely sourced from official Korean industrial materials or the Korean press. Illustrations from KEPCO or KAERI related websites except that of Palo Verde, which is in the APR collection.
Above, dated but nevertheless interesting illustration of the Kori nuclear power complex. Original Kori nuclear station is at bottom, containing (to the left) the two original Westinghouse "turn-key" plants Kori-1 and -2, and next to them the larger Kori-3 and -4 plants built slightly later on a component contract basis. In this outdated picture, Shin-Kori 1 and 2 (which are now completed) i-OPR1000 plants are under construction, with the sites for APR1400 plants Shin-Kori 3,4,5 and 6 identified. Both the KINGS and the Kori Nuclear Power Education Institute are also parts of this complex. Illustration from KINGS brochure.
6:00 PM Eastern Sunday 9/9/2012
jim September 9, 2012 at 8:10 PM
Yonggwang Nuclear Station.
Lovely looking plant site, but it is really sitting on a mountain or that an illusion, especially what the river there?
James Greenidge
Will Davis September 9, 2012 at 10:04 PM
@Jim: I believe what you're seeing there is an optical illusion.
Krista Hiles August 21, 2013 at 8:22 AM
There is a real need to develop more plants like this all over world. Great info you shared through your post.
Sterling Energy
Felix Matt June 10, 2014 at 6:59 AM
Next to no natural energy resources and a rapidly growing population means managing South Korea’s energy supply is an ongoing challenge. Almost solely reliant on imports, the country’s energy ministry is focused on diversifying supply to ensure long-term energy security, but how is it planning to do this?
Carnival of Nuclear Bloggers No. 124
Sylcor Western Office 5
Three Mile Island Unit 1 shutdown: Details
Nuclear Electricity Project - Kenya
Export-Import Bank provides funding for UAE nuclea...
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New generation of Audi A1 will be available in RS modification
New information on the German Audi A1 which prepares for the forthcoming premiere appeared on the Internet. It is expected that the new vehicle will be available for customers in the RS charged version. It is known that the new generation of German Audi A1 will be larger if compare with its predecessor. It is known that the updated Audi A1 will be based on the new «MQB» modular platform.
2018 Updated Audi A1 photo
Under the hood of the new car of German manufacturer there is a 1.0-liter gasoline engine. Also the customers will be offered to choose a 1.5-liters turbocharged diesel engine. The top “charged” modification will get an all-wheel drive system and the power unit generating 250 horsepower. Improved version RS will be able to boast of powerful engine developing 300 horsepower. Acceleration from zero to hundreds km/h takes less than 3.7 seconds.
2018 Modernized Audi A1 image
We remind that the first model Audi A1 was presented to the world public in 2014. The serial version of the car will appear only in 2018. Price of the novelty remains unknown to this day.
The next generation Audi Q3 expected in 2018
Audi A3 of 2018 model year was caught during road tests
Sedan Audi A9 e-tron will compete with the Tesla Model C
Audi A5 Coupe of the new generation was officially unveiled in Germany
Audi Tags: 1.0-Liter1.5-liter2018A1A1 RSAWDMQB
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Lauren, Rebecca And An Exquisite Routine
Routine and boredom are not the same thing. For two years my Saturday routine has been a most exciting part of my week and also paradoxically it gives me a sense of peace and refuge from worry and stress. At 9:45 (when our granddaugthers do not sleep over at our house) I pick up, Rebecca (8½) and Lauren (3½) and drive to Granville Island. At that time it is easy to park. I deposit Rebecca at her ballet class at the Arts Umbrella and walk leisurely to the Granville Island Market. I buy a plain croissant (or sometimes she wants a Smarties cookie) for Lauren and we then sit down at the Granville Island Tea Company for exactly one hour. I try different black teas while Lauren eats the inside of her croissant. I then dunk the crust she does not like in my tea. The young ladies who work at the Tea Company, all talk to Lauren. They are amazed that she will sit for that length of time. The regulars all come and I know what kind of tea they are going to ask for. Lauren and I love this routine. She happily repeats the words of Spanish I expose her to. Every once in a while there are no ballet classes but Rebecca and Lauren and I still go to the island. It is on those occasions that I can manage to photograph them together. For the task I use a Nikon FM-2 loaded with Ektachrome 100G. The exposure is always around 1/30 with a 35mm lens wide open at F-2.
Link to: Lauren, Rebecca And An Exquisite Routine
Nick Muni, Faust & Juan Manuel Sánchez
Photo Illustration - Juan Manuel Sánchez - Alex Waterhouse-Hayward
Imagine that Jack Shadbolt were alive and living in Argentina. Imagine calling him up and telling him you were assigned to photograph an American director involved in an opera production of Gounod's Faust. Imagine the thrill of having him collaborate in a photo illustration. I have had that thrill because Juan Manuel Sánchez, 74, is an Argentine painter living in Vancouver of Shadbolt's equivalent caliber. He speaks no English, so he feels a bit isolated. He sometimes tells me, "I am a penguin in Canada. That is about as lonely as a polar bear in Argentina." When the Straight asked me, with very short notice, to photograph Nick Muni, who is directing the Vancouver Opera's production of Faust, I knew that only a colaboración (this is what Juan and I call our joint works)would save me. I gave Juan three 8x10 prints of Nick Muni in case he made a mistake. Overnight Juan worked on one of them and proudly returned the other two, unused. If you look closely, you will notice that Mephistopheles has military epaulets much like an Argentine general. I had one hell of a time convincing Juan to keep clothes on Marguerite. "If you don't," I told Juan, "our collaborative career at the Straight will be shortlived."
Juan Manuel Sánchez
Link to: Nick Muni, Faust & Juan Manuel Sánchez
Bob Bose And The Grand Coulee Dam
I always wanted to be an engineer until I stumbled over the difference between capacitance and inductance. But I have not lost my interest in engineering. One of my favourite authors is Henry Petroski, whose book To Engineer is Human - The Role of Failure in Successful Design led me to read anything he publishes. Another fave of mine is L. Sprague de Camp's The Ancient Engineers. It was in this book that I found out that Sennacherib (705-681 BC), the Assyrian engineer/king, set up the first no parking signs (for chariots) in Nineveh. They read: Royal Road. Let No Man Lesten It.
In the mid 30s an organization called Technocracy started in the US with the idea that engineers in governing position would make the world a better one. The folks at General Electric used to advertise, Progress is our most important product. Somewhere along the line these engineers became linked with fascism and its obsession with order. The only thing good that people ever said about Mussolini is that the trains ran on time. Later on, Alcoa, General Electric and General Motors all somehow failed to make our world a better one.
But I still had hope, and in particular in 1988, when I photographed Bob Bose for his campaign (with backing from the NDP) for mayor of Surrey, BC. He was a pragmatic and intelligent man who happened to be a chemical engineer. He was also skilled in the use of a 4x5 inch camera. When I photographed him, with his chain of office, in the Surrey City Hall I was hoping that the much vaunted order of the engineer would produce results. He was against the mall development of Surrey and that cost him his job in the end.
In 2002 I had to go to Spokane, Washington to a hosta convention. When I realized that the Grand Coulee dam was not too far out of the way I made a detour. The whole site made me think of the excitement of a past era that believed in engineering and the wonders of harnessing nature's power.
To Engineer is Human
Bob Bose
Link to: Bob Bose And The Grand Coulee Dam
Stravinsky, Parsifal, Beethoven, Rodney Graham & Robert Silverman
Photographic assignments involving musicians are always a challenge. How can one be original if it has all been done before? And most difficult of all is a pianist. This is particularly true if one has memory of Arnold Newman's difinitive portrait. When the Globe & Mail asked me to photograph Canadian conceptual artist, Rodney Graham's show Recital at the Morris and Helen Belkin Gallery at UBC I was momentarily stymied. A pre-programmed grand piano was part of the show. By converting Wagner's score for Parsifal into mathematical formulas Graham had conceeived a piece of music that began in 1882- the premiere of the Wagner opera - and which will come to an end in 39 billion years. The programed piano would play one note every ten or twenty minutes (the pattern of notes can be seen in the wall behind Graham and piano (above, left). Since Rodney Graham and I have shared the same floor, where we have separate studios for some 12 years, I know that he is not as scary and serious as he looks. His Parsifal project had something of a tongue in cheek in it. I decided to rip off Arnold Newman. The folks at the Globe & Mail respected my request to keep my crop so as to make the photo look more like Newman's. In October 2000 I had to photograph for the Georgia Straight solo pianist Robert Silverman who had just recorded all of Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas. When I arrived at Silverman's UBC office I knew what I was going to do.
Robert Silverman
Link to: Stravinsky, Parsifal, Beethoven, Rodney Graham & Robert Silverman
Tinkering With A BRM P261 V8
This is British Formula 1 driver Graham Hill tinkering with his BRM P261 V8 during the trials for the 1964 Mexican Gran Prix. On one of the days I positioned myself at a difficult curve. I noticed a tar spot on it. Every time Graham Hill took the curve, his car was always at the same distance from the spot, which was unlike the other drivers who seemed to have less precision. For more:
Link to: Tinkering With A BRM P261 V8
The Royal Hudson And The Killer Whale
In December 1981, on contract with CP Rail, I was dispatched to photograph the Royal Hudson. She was being repaired at the CPR's Drake Street yard (where the refurbished Roundhouse on Pacific Avenue is now). 2860, the Royal Hudson's Montreal Locomotive Works serial number, is how she is affectionately called. She lay in the repair bay on a shorth length track, only slightly longer than her 90-foot, 10 inches length. She reminded me of the first locomotive I ever saw, in the late 40s. It also had the 4-6-4 wheel arrangement. Six large wheels were powered and the eight smaller ones were used for steering and stability, But that one was only five feet long and inside a glass display case at the entrance of Retiro, the cavernous Victorian style train station in Buenos Aires. My father had put a coin in a slot and the locomotive's wheels turned. I was most impressed by the glow of fire under the tracks.
While 2860 had been making the round trip from North Vancouver to Squamish since 1974, she had taken a different route to Drake Street. From the North Vancouver BC Rail yard she had crossed the CN Railway bridge at Second Narrows and steamed through the Thornton tunnel under Capitol Hill to the CPR/CNR interchange at Sapperton. She then headed to Port Coquitlam and then back on the CPR's tracks to Gastown. She went through the Dunsmuir tunnel and under the Connaught bridge (the old Cambie Street bridge) to Drake.
In 1979 I took my family on the Royal Hudson excursion to Squamish. Both my daughters came in long dreses and I photographed them (Hilary,7, left and Ale, 11, right)in the last rail car. It had colourful wooden seats. When 2860 changed tracks in Squamish to turn around, Frank Smith, the engineer, told us 2860's H1-e class engine generated 4500 horsepower at 60 mph.
Since 2550 and 2851, both earlier H1-d class Hudsons pulled King George VI and Queen Elizabeth across Canada in 1939, the whole class of locomotives from 2850 to 2864 was designated Royal. Only 2860 was still running until a yearly inspection in December 1999 indicated her fire box had to be replaced. It will take between $1 million to 2 million to get her in shape. I have not yet heard if she will ever fire her boiler again.
Rebecca, Hilary's daughter took the excursion with another older train, the 3716. This brings to mind that Hilary, Ale and Rebecca were all splashed (in different years) by a killer whale while sitting too close to the glass barrier at the Vancouver Aquarium. Will Rebecca's sister, Lauren, 3½, ever experience either pleasure?
Link to: The Royal Hudson And The Killer Whale
The Easter Bunny, Brother Edwin Reggio & Attila Richard Lukacs
In my old Catholic missal I remember distinctly that every Sunday mass and feast day had a category of importance or ranking. The most important Sunday and or feast day of the year is not Christmas but Easter. Brother Edwin Reggio, my religion teacher at St. Edward's High School in Austin, Texas explained why. If after the crucifixion, Jesus did not rise from the dead, then everything He preached was a lie. The other and now almost forgotten, but very important feast, is January 6th's Epiphany. Until the advent of the New Testament only circumcised Jews (the chosen people who had made a compact with God) could be saved. The three wise kings represented the gentiles (uncircumcised heathens!) who now could be part of the fold. One day, trying to waste time in class, we asked Brother Edwin why it was that Easter had a bunny. Since we were in Texas we understood his explanation that the hare or rabbit at night will pop up here and then disappear and pop up somewhere else. This was very much the case of Jesus after Easter. He would appear here and there but not long enough for "doubting" St Thomas to believe as true.
Today I photographed a group of Vancouver artists including Attila Richard Lukacs who asked Rebecca if she looked forward to the coming of the Easter Bunny. Rebecca (8½) replied, "The Easter Bunny does not exist."
Link to: The Easter Bunny, Brother Edwin Reggio & Attila Richard Lukacs
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Frontier Nursing University Awarded $1,998,000 Nursing Workforce Diversity Grant
Posted by Pat Magrath
Tue, Jul 25, 2017 @ 11:46 AM
Hyden, KY -- Frontier Nursing University (FNU) has been awarded the Nursing Workforce Diversity grant from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). The grant totals $1,998,000 in funding in support of a four-year project that will be led by FNU with assistance from several key partner organizations.
The goal of the Nursing Workforce Diversity (NWD) program is to increase access to high quality, culturally-aligned advanced practice nurses and midwives that reflect the diversity of the communities in which they serve. The grant, which provides $499,500 per year, supports a proposed project in which FNU will implement a comprehensive systems approach to implementing five evidence-based strategies to support disadvantaged advanced practice nursing students from recruitment through graduation. The social determinants of education will be used as a framework to assess student needs and guide activities throughout the course of the project.
The overall aim of the program is to increase the recruitment, enrollment, retention, and graduation of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Through education and training in Frontier Nursing University’s advanced nursing and midwifery programs, these students will be prepared to provide advanced practice nursing and midwifery health care services across the U.S.
Findings from an American Association of Colleges of Nursing policy brief (2016) found that racial and ethnic minority groups accounted for 37% of the country’s population, yet minority nurses represent only 19% of the total registered nurse workforce (National Council of State Boards of Nursing Survey, 2013). As minority population growth rises, so does the likelihood of these populations experiencing greater health disparities such as increased rates of maternal morbidity and mortality related to childbirth, infant mortality, chronic diseases, and shorter life spans compared to the majority of Americans. There is growing evidence that greater racial diversity in the health care workforce is an important intervention to reduce racial health disparities.
“We are extremely proud and excited to receive this grant and to be a part of such an important project,” said FNU president Dr. Susan E. Stone. “We are deeply committed to the goals of the NWD program and helping to overcome barriers that hinder the success of our underrepresented students, from recruitment through graduation.”
The project’s primary objectives are: 1) to achieve minimum of 30 percent minority student enrollment by June 2021, the end of the project period; 2) to increase the racial and ethnic minority retention rate and 3) to graduate an average of 100 new nurse-midwives and nurse practitioners representing racial and ethnic minorities underrepresented in nursing each year of the project period.
Grant funding will support personnel, consultants, and diversity training for faculty and staff. Retention activities, including mentor programs and writing support will also be funded. FNU students will also benefit from substantial scholarship support and professional development opportunities. To achieve the goals of the program, FNU will formally partner with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), the American College of Nurse-Midwives, Midwives of Color Committee (ACNM-MOCC), the National Black Nurses Association (NBNA) and Mona Wicks, a multicultural sensitivity and diversity training expert consultant.
View the grant announcement on Frontier Nursing University's website.
Learn more about FNU's Diversity PRIDE Program.
Contact: Brittney Edwards, Director of Marketing and Communications
859-899-2515, Brittney.edwards@frontier.edu, Frontier.edu
About Frontier Nursing University:
FNU is passionate about educating nurse-midwives and nurse practitioners to serve women and families in all communities, especially rural and underserved areas. FNU offers graduate Nurse-Midwifery and Nurse-Practitioner distance education programs that can be pursued full- or part-time with the student’s home community serving as the classroom. Degrees and options offered include Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Post-Graduate Certificates. To learn more about FNU and the programs and degrees offered, please visit Frontier.edu.
Topics: Frontier Nursing University, funding, Diversity and Inclusion, Health Resources and Services Administration, Nursing Workforce Diversity Grant, FNU
Life in progress: RNs can help baby boomers find funding for promising cancer treatments
Fri, May 30, 2014 @ 10:52 AM
By Heather Stringer
When Carrie Bilicki, RN, MSN, ACNS-BC, OCN, met a 60-year-old patient who had been diagnosed with aggressive endometrial cancer, she began to have a persistent — albeit unconventional — idea.
Bilicki, a cancer nurse navigator in Wisconsin at the time, recently had attended a lecture about a progressive treatment for this type of cancer that involved using a chemotherapy drug traditionally prescribed for ovarian cancer. The patient’s cancer had spread to nearby organs, and she had a poor prognosis. Bilicki convinced the physicians to try the alternative medication. Unfortunately, the patient faced another serious hurdle: The insurance company would not cover the cost of the medication because it was not the standard treatment. At that point, the woman seemed to face the unenviable choice between cancer treatment and financial ruin.
Although patients and providers would like to hope this type of extreme dilemma is the exception, the case may be representative of the near future for two reasons. First, as a 60-year-old, the woman was a baby boomer, and researchers predict the incidence of cancer will increase dramatically as this large segment of the population ages. According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2009, the U.S. can expect a 67% increase in cancer incidence among older adults between 2010 and 2030.
Second, statistics suggest cancer treatment is becoming increasingly unaffordable, even for those with insurance who struggle to afford steep copayments. For example, The US Oncology Network — a national group of about 1,000 oncology physicians who treat more than 750,000 cancer patients per year — reported about half of the patients covered by a Medicare Part D plan have required copay assistance for oral chemotherapy for the past several years.
“My message to my peers is to know the financial resources available because there are hundreds of them,” Bilicki, who now is a clinical nurse specialist in breast services at Froedtert Center for Diagnostic Imaging in Milwaukee, Wis., said. “There are foundations, specialty organizations and websites that tell us where to get help. If a patient does not have an advocate to link them to that resource, they will never know it is available.”
For many patients, the desire to find a way to afford medication is driven not only by the fact that they have cancer, but also because the treatment options available today have increased the odds of survival.
“By far one of the biggest advancements is more personalized medicine that targets cancer cells rather than traditional chemotherapy that did not differentiate between good and bad cells,” Kim George, RN, MSN, ACNS-BC, OCN, a cancer program consultant from Wichita Falls, Texas, said. “For example, now we can test biopsy tissue for specific tumor antigens and biomarkers and then prescribe treatments that target those antigens.”
The advancements in cancer treatment also are reflected in improved survival rates. According to the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Cancer Statistics Review 1975-2009, for example, the 5-year survival rate for breast cancer among women in the U.S. between 1975 and 1977 was 75%. Between 2002 and 2008 that number jumped to 90%. During the same time periods, the 5-year survival rate for both men and women with colon cancer has increased from 50% to 65%.
“Another major advancement has been the increase in availability of oral chemotherapy and biotherapy,” George said. “It has shifted the care setting. Years ago, the majority of cancer patients received IV infusions, and now more patients can take their medication orally at home. It is wonderful for convenience, and it is also less painful.”
However, George said, reimbursement is not always a given with oral chemotherapy. “A lot of oncology medications are given off-label, which means that the FDA has not approved a drug for a specific diagnosis, so it may not be covered by some insurance policies,” she said.
A little help can mean a lot
Point the way for patients who need assistance financing cancer treatments, by seeking resources such as the following:
• PatientAdvocate.org — Provides sources for copay assistance and answers questions about disability and insurance processes
• PatientResource.com — Features information on different types of cancer, newsletters and financial and advocacy resources
• CureToday.com — Provides an extensive list of national resources for advocacy, financial and pharmaceutical assistance
• RxOutreach.org — A nonprofit organization that helps low-income families who cannot afford the medication they need
• CDFund.org — Chronic Disease Fund — A nonprofit organization that helps patients obtain lifesaving medications
For a list of drug assistance programs from pharmaceutical companies, visit Cancersupportivecare.com/drug_assistance.html.
Point the way
The art of navigating the path to financial assistance for cancer medication is not simple, and organizations such as The US Oncology Network, based in The Woodlands, Texas, have hired professionals to help patients connect with funding resources and launched the OncologyRx Care Advantage pharmacy in 2006. Nurses in the network can refer patients to Care Advantage staff who help them apply for financial assistance.
“The types of drugs used to treat cancer today are definitely more expensive than when I started working in oncology almost 30 years ago,” said Lori Lindsey, RN, MSN, NP, OCN, a clinical services program manager with The US Oncology Network. “Multidrug regimens, including oral targeted therapies, can sometimes cost $30,000 for a round of treatment, although the use of these drugs has markedly improved outcomes and increased survival for some diseases.”
For patients who are uninsured, the best option is to apply directly to the drug manufacturer for patient assistance, said Meg Asher, a patient access coordinator/patient advocate lead at the Care Advantage pharmacy. “When we learn that a patient is without insurance, we notify the doctor’s office and send a manufacturer’s application to them for the patient’s use,” Asher said. “Under these circumstances, we will not be the dispensing pharmacy; the manufacturer has their own specified pharmacy that will service the patient.”
Even those who are insured under Medicare Part D often require assistance because the copayments can be thousands of dollars, Asher said. For these patients, the Care Advantage advocate team helps patients connect with various foundations that provide copay assistance in the form of grants. Some of the foundations assist patients who suffer from a specific disease, while others help those who are taking a specific drug for a disease.
While some facilities have staff trained to help patients find financial assistance, this is not always the case. For these patients, one resource is the Patient Advocate Foundation, a nonprofit organization with case managers who help patients with life-threatening illnesses to maintain financial stability.
“When I was a hospital nurse, I honestly didn’t know about a lot of the resources available to help patients after they left my care,” Pat Jolley, RN, the clinical director of research and reporting at PAF, said. “Many people have never had to ask for financial help in the past, and they are unaware that there are options. If they are newly diagnosed, we try to educate them about the likely expenses down the road to help identify potential problems. In my experience, when patients contact us saying they cannot afford one thing, it is usually just the tip of the iceberg.”
For example, PAF assisted a 62-year-old woman with breast cancer who was insured, but she was having difficulty scheduling her needed mastectomy because of outstanding medical bills. She was living on Social Security disability payments, and her insurance did not cover surgeries, scans or tests. The woman received a bill for $50,000 that included the cost of previous care and several office visits. By negotiating with the hospital and the providers, the PAF case manager was able to reduce the bill to a total of $950 and also facilitate the scheduling of her mastectomy.
For Bilicki, one of her personal goals is to encourage patients to consider the financial aspect of their cancer care before they decide to pursue a particular form of treatment.
“Nobody wants to talk about their financial state, and I think far too often patients suffer in silence rather than saying that they are having trouble with copayments, so what I do is proactively tell them about some of the resources,” Bilicki said. “Just because they have insurance does not mean they will have resources to afford the costs, so I empower all patients right off the bat to proactively seek out assistance if they need it.”
After patients have been diagnosed with cancer, Bilicki encourages them to learn about the resources at the American Cancer Society, which has patient navigators trained to help people connect with financial resources. She also tells them about a group called Patient Resource LLC, which has a website and a patient magazine that includes national, state and local resources available for financial assistance.
In the case of the woman with endometrial cancer who could not afford a medication that was not covered by her insurance, Bilicki helped her apply for the drug manufacturer’s patient assistance program. Based on her income and medical necessity, she qualified for full assistance. She was on the medication for 15 months, and, despite her initial grim prognosis, the cancer has been in remission for the past five years.
“I can always remember the tears and fear in their eyes when I first meet patients, and each time it feels like I’ve won the lottery when I help them secure the treatment they need, and they start smiling again,” Bilicki said. “Part of my big mission for my colleagues is to advocate for these patients so they do not miss out on options that can change their lives.”
Source: Nurse.com
Topics: babyboomers, RN, nurses, cancer, funding
Overheard on CNN: Less pink, more cures for breast cancer
Fri, Oct 26, 2012 @ 03:01 PM
From CNN
Many CNN commenters expressed skepticism about the so-called “pinkwashing” of October, echoing the sentiments of some women quoted in my recent article who don't feel connected to all of the awareness efforts.
KtinME writes that the color pink is particularly vexing to her because it has come to represent the commercialization of breast cancer awareness:
I criticized my hospital for using pink envelopes when mailing out mammogram results and was told in no uncertain terms that pink was the color of caring and compassion and that I obviously had issues with fear of breast cancer. I don't have a fear of breast cancer, but I will agree I have issues with the commercialism and complete co-opting of the color pink.
Pink envelopes with mammogram results are creepy. Pink shoes on football players are stupid. Pink merchandise is just plain silly. I used to like pink.
[…] a COLOR is meaningless when it comes to what cancer patients need and a COLOR is an easy way out for people to think they're being supportive of cancer awareness, cancer patients, and cancer survivors. How about instead we give them rides for their treatment, clean homes to come to, meals to eat, affordable access to medical care at home? How about we make sure their employers keep their jobs open for them? How about we make sure they have insurance now and forever? THOSE things would mean a lot more than sporting a pink bracelet or buying something pink. Enough with the pink!!!
Several readers such as Anthony Quatroni believe that “it’s all about money” – in other words, curing diseases isn’t as profitable as long-term treatments, so a cure will never be found.
But prattguy, self-identified as someone who works in medical research, pointed out that polio is a disease that was cured, yet foundations are still working to eradicate it worldwide.
Klur added that cancer is not one disease, it’s many diverse diseases even within a single organ. But there’s good news:
Many women who get breast cancer now survive to live a long and fruitful life thanks to advancements in cancer research. So, no, the reason for research investment is not greed!!! Furthermore, people who work in academia doing research are not getting rich- believe me- they are overworked and highly underpaid for the research that they dedicate their lives to.
Bschneid agreed, reminding fellow commenters that a lot of people dedicated to cancer research aren’t making such big profits:
Most cancer researchers do not make a lot of money, but are either cancer survivors themselves or have a loved one who has cancer or died of cancer. They have plenty of motivation. My husband, a cancer researcher, goes to work seven days a week while dealing with chemotherapy himself. To suggest that greed is the reason there is no "cure" for cancer is ignorant.
Some pointed out that other awareness months don’t get nearly as much attention. TexasRunner wrote:
This isn't a man vs. woman issue. September is National Prostate Awareness month but does it garner as much attention as the PINK does for breast cancer in October? No, it doesn't. Men deal with our own forms of cancer like prostate cancer and testicular cancer yet the drives to find a cure for those forms of cancer pale in comparison, usually because it hits a lower number for testicular cancer and for prostate cancer it happens at an older age. Do you not think men who have testicular cancer aren't aware of the jokes surrounding it?
So regardless of whether or not you like the slogans at least people pay attention and are aware and donate to find a cure.
Topics: breast cancer, cure, funding
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You are hereHome Countering the anti-ICC agenda in Africa
Countering the anti-ICC agenda in Africa
Photo: African leaders and foreign diplomats sit in the Plenary Hall of the United Nations building in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, during the 12th African Union (AU) Summit Feb. 2, 2009. In this guest post from Humanity United, Sulemana Braimah, executive dire
Victims first
Over the last two years, there have been vigorous attempts by some African governments to use the African Union (AU) as a platform to ruin relations between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and African states that have signed up to be members of the Court. Such anti-ICC efforts have included attempts to have an AU resolution denouncing the ICC adopted by member states.
The main argument for the anti-ICC campaign, which is spearheaded by the governments of Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda and Zimbabwe, is that the Court is a neo-colonialist institution set up to influence governance on the continent by selectively targeting African leaders for prosecution. The argument is often backed by the assertion that, so far, persons prosecuted and situations being investigated by the ICC have all been from Africa, thus prompting the question: if the Court is really meant to deliver justice globally, why are only Africans being prosecuted or investigated? Is it only Africans who commit the kind of crimes the Court was set up to deal with – genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes?
In December 2014, for example, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni announced that he intended to mobilize African leaders to quit the International Criminal Court, accusing the Court of being used as a tool to target the continent. “I will bring a motion to the next sitting of the African Union to have all African states withdraw from the court, and then they can be left alone with their own court,” Museveni was quoted by the AFP news agency as having said while speaking at an event to mark Kenya’s independence anniversary in Nairobi. President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, who assumed Chairmanship of the AU for 2015, subsequently announced during the AU Summit in January 2015, his intention to push for African members of the ICC to pull from the Court.
Even before the renewed spirited efforts in the last couple of years to impede the operations of the ICC in Africa, a warrant issued in 2009 by a pre-trail chamber of the ICC for the arrest of Sudanese President, Omar Al Bashir, had sparked frosty relations between the AU and the ICC. Unhappy with the indictment of President Bashir, the AU made a decision in July 2009 instructing member states not to co-operate with the ICC for the arrest and handing over of the Sudanese President. Since the AU decision, President Bashir has been to a number of African states that are signatories (States Parties) to the Rome Statute without being arrested, signalling compliance with the AU decision among such member states.
In July 2014, there was another significant milestone in the attempts to hamper the ICC’s operations in Africa when AU member states adopted an amended protocol to expand the jurisdiction of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights to cover serious crimes including those within the mandate of the ICC. Ordinarily, the amended protocol would appear to be a positive development in furtherance of the principle of complementarity.
However, the amended protocol makes provisions for immunity before the same African Court for heads of state and senior state officials. This simply means that while the African Court is empowered by the amended protocol to deal with genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, heads of state and senior state officials will be immune from prosecution by the Court even when they are culpable for such crimes. It also amplifies the determination by African leaders to shield themselves against the powerful wheels of justice. As many have asked, why seek immunity against crimes you will not commit or condone?
President Bashir’s recent dramatic escape from South Africa despite a South African court order for him not to be allowed to leave the country is the last testimony of the strong commitment of some African governments to fully adhere to the AU fiat on non-cooperation for the arrest of the Sudanese leader. After Bashir’s escape in June, in defiance of the court order, initial comments by South African officials suggested they did not know how the fugitive leader left the country.
However, subsequent comments and arguments contained in an appeal filed by the South African government seeking to overturn the original court ruling for Bashir’s detention, highlights the government’s complicity in the non-enforcement of the court’s order. The actions of the South African government also highlighted its non-commitment and indifference towards ensuring justice through the ICC.
The previous decision by AU heads of state not to cooperate with the ICC for the arrest of President Bashir, and the avid compliance with that AU decision among member states, should clear any doubts about how effectively the AU system can be exploited to protect leaders who commit serious crimes from being prosecuted and punished. So even though the push by the anti-ICC governments has not yet found favor with the majority of AU member states, the threat to the ICC’s effectiveness in Africa remains real with potential dire consequences for justice on the continent.
For victims, what matters is justice regardless of where it comes from
While it is true that almost all prosecutions and investigations by the ICC have been against Africans, it must be consistently reiterated that the majority of the African cases and situations dealt with or still being handled by the Court have been at the instance of the African countries themselves. Besides, there are many other truths that legitimise the pursuit of justice by the ICC in Africa even if doing so amounts to geographic imbalance in the Court’s docket.
First of all, it is true that since the inception of the Court (and even the period before the Court), Africa has been an epicentre of international crimes, mainly as a result of the many post-colonial conflicts on the continent. It is also true that for decades many of the powerful in African societies have committed serious international crimes with unimaginable levels of impunity. It is equally true that in Africa, victims of serious crimes including genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, have endured injustice for far too long.
Additionally, it is a fact that in many African countries, particularly those that have gone through or are still going through decades of conflicts, the national judicial systems remain weak. Existing local justice mechanisms in the majority of African countries are just incapable of dispensing credible justice, especially when those responsible for crimes are the powerful and even leaders in society.
Also, the majority of African countries lack legislation that fully incorporates genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes into domestic law, making International Justice mechanisms such as the ICC, the most reliable windows of opportunity for providing justice to victims and punishing perpetrators.
The challenges with the local justice systems in Africa and the consequent importance of the ICC in justice delivery in Africa were aptly highlighted by former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan when he said: “Africans want justice, preferably from their own governments if they can and, if not, from the International Criminal Court. The day when African courts become independent, strong and can handle these cases, I think we will see fewer referrals to the ICC.”
If anyone is still in doubt about the weakness of the legal systems in Africa and the consequent crucial role of the ICC in providing justice for victims of international crimes, Bashir’s recent escape from South Africa is yet another piece of evidence. Bashir’s escape was a big slap in the face of international justice by Africa’s most advanced country. It affirmed how some Africa governments can disregard the lives and rights of thousands of victims of war crimes and genocide by simply abusing the local justice system in favour of the powerful who perpetrate such international crimes.
It must also be emphasised that, given Africa’s history of war and serious crimes, impunity and injustice for victims, it should be a blessing rather than a misfortune if Africa is the exclusive beneficiary of targeted and increased justice delivery by any legitimate justice mechanism such as the ICC. An overdose of justice delivery for international crimes in Africa can only result in the positive situation of redress for victims, less impunity and more peaceful societies. It sounds hypocritical to constantly hear African leaders at the AU lament about the spate of conflicts on the continent and seek more aid for peacebuilding while at the same time seek to avoid justice for crimes. There cannot be peace without justice.
For victims of international crimes, what matters is justice, not where it comes from. To put it better and to deflate the argument that the ICC targets Africa, international criminal law expert Steven Powels poignantly stated:
“For Africa’s victims, justice, even if selective, will always be welcome. Are African perpetrators singled out more than others? Perhaps. But try telling that to their victims. From a man forced to choose which healthy hand to have amputated, to a woman gang raped by 20 men, to a child forced to kill his parents and join a rebel gang, justice, even if selective, will almost always be welcome. It is the victims of the crimes overlooked that have the right to complain, not the defendants in the dock.”
There has been strong civil society advocacy in support of strengthening the ICC in Africa. The campaigns have opposed the anti-ICC propaganda and attempts by some governments to use the AU framework to get African countries that are States Parties to the Rome Statute to pull out. The recent Bashir incident in South Africa was, for example, occasioned by a legal suit filed by a civil society group. The result of the suit – the embarrassing escape of the fugitive Sudanese President and the wide condemnation of the South African government for failing to enforce an order by a local court – is a major achievement of the campaign. It is also an indicator of how powerful civil society actions can be in pursuing perpetrators of international crimes.
Despite the successes of the civil society campaign so far, a lot more needs to be done. So far, the pro-ICC campaigns by civil society groups have largely targeted the AU Commission, heads of state, justice ministers and diplomats.
Unfortunately, there have been little or no coordinated campaigns targeting the citizenry to increase their awareness and knowledge about the ICC or empowering local populations to advocate for the ICC in Africa. While it is important to engage governments directly on matters of the ICC, ordinary Africans are usually the victims of the serious crimes perpetrated by the powerful in society, including government officials. Indeed, the foremost beneficiaries of justice delivery by the ICC in Africa are Africans. African citizens can, therefore, be the most influential and credible advocates of the ICC on the continent. But the local people can only be effective in their advocacy and defence of the ICC when they are empowered with the right information about the Court and its mandate.
So in order to make significant progress in strengthening the ICC in Africa, campaigners and advocates must prioritise public education about the ICC, its role and how important it is for safeguarding the right to peaceful lives and justice among Africans. The media in Africa should be proactively engaged and capacitated to provide more coverage on the ICC and international criminal justice issues. There should be more efforts to get the general public informed about decisions and positions of their governments on ICC issues during regional and international meetings, such as during the Assembly of States Parties (ASP) of the ICC and at the AU level.
Not much can be achieved if ordinary Africans, who are the real and potential victims of serious crimes and for whom the ICC exists to serve, are left out in the campaigns to make the ICC stronger and effective in Africa. It is time to empower the citizenry to act to safeguard their right to justice through a stronger ICC.
By Sulemana Braimah, Executive Director of Media Foundation for West Africa
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You're here » Christian Columns Index » Frederick Meekins » Will Religion Be Forced To Bow At Obama's Feet?
Will Religion Be Forced To Bow At Obama's Feet?
HE WHITE HOUSE has announced plans to expand its Office of Faith-Based Initiatives. In an address to the National Prayer Breakfast, President Barack Obama said the office would reach out to nonprofit organizations and "help them determine how to make a bigger impact...and learn their obligations under the law." From a number of things said in the speech and that have transpired in relation to the economic bailout, those who cherish both religious liberty and sound theology should be deeply concerned.
Under the Bush Administration, those not wanting to pollute the purity of their doctrine by accepting government funds were pretty much free to say "No thank you". However, under the Obama regime, will reluctant religious organizations be permitted to back out amicably? Don't be so sure.
In regards to the bailout of the nation's floundering financial institutions, it has been insinuated that Wells Fargo did not want the government's handout but had its arm twisted by Lurch Jr, Hank Paulson into accepting the funds. For in the glorious opening days of socialism, no organization or individual can be seen as better or sounder than any other without at least some kind of penalty being inflicted.
If an administration at one time as dedicated as that of George W. Bush to liberty and free market principles can begin to nationalize the economy on the turn of a dime, then how much quicker will an administration already dedicated to socialistic principles such as experts being able to order your life better than you jump at the opportunity to manage the minutest aspect of our lives.?
For example, if financial institutions can be forced to accept bailout money whether they want to or not, what is to prevent this White House office from exerting pressure on small churches and organizations not having the resources to resist such coercion? And once these religious organizations have buckled under to the demands as in the case of financial institutions accepting assistance, what is to prevent snobs in the Obama administration from dictating what policy preferences and doctrines these institutions will then be permitted to enunciate?
Those not accustomed to exercising spiritual discernment wonder with befuddlement about what's the big deal with granting the government a more direct role in influencing doctrinal content. After all, activists from both sides of the spectrum hope to influence the values embodied by the state.
That is correct, but that is the church or other institutions existing apart from the government playing their role in the political process rather than the state imposing its values on the other associations of private individuals. For when this is done in areas other than those delineated constitutionally in a free republic, one begins to step onto dangerous ground since the state is the only one of these that can use force and confiscate property in the process to ensure that its purposes prevail.
For example, at the national prayer breakfast, President Obama remarked, "And today,...it strikes me that this is one of the rare occasions that still brings the world together in a moment of peace and goodwill." It is this spirit of peace and goodwill, one might argue, that President Obama hopes to promote and expand through the Office of Faith and Neighborhood partnerships.
However, the President's remarks are rife with contradictions as well as other assumptions in the background regarding his worldview that will spell the ruination of religious liberty if his ideas are allowed to come to fruition. For example, Obama insists in his remarks, "There is no God who condones the taking of innocent human life."
On the surface that is correct. However, that seemingly simple utterance requires the discerning to dig much deeper.
By making this statement and claiming to be a religious man, Obama has proven himself to either be a liar or deceived. For example, recounting her testimony before the Illinois state legislature, Jill Stanek recalled how uncaring Obama seemed regarding a baby surviving an abortion but who was tossed aside like the contents of a used bedpan. So either Obama must confess his complicity in the murder of the innocent, admit he really doesn't give a flip about the laws of God, or that the God he serves really does condone the taking of innocent human life.
As a master deceiver, one must parse and analyze every word flowing from Obama's lips at the decibel level of Loud Howard from the Dilbert animated series. For while trying to placate somulent Americam Christians, he also extends verbal overtures to the nation's terrorist enemies.
One will note Obama declared, "There is no God who condones taking the life of an innocent human being." Ladies and gentleman, you believe that as an American going about your daily business that you have done nothing against homicidal Muslims like those blowing up the World Trade Center. However, in the eyes of terrorists, as an infidel, you are far from innocent and thus a perfectly legitimate deliberate target.
Even fellow Americans of a radical inclination such as Ward Churchill (a likely Obama voter) likened those working at the World Trade Center unto Adolf Eichman. Obama's mentor Bill Ayers primary regret was not having planted more bombs as a member of the Weather Underground.
In the coming months and years ahead, don't expect President Obama to call upon the Islamofascists of the world to moderate their beliefs and to embrace those aspects of contemporary Western civilization superior to a medieval Levantine mindset. Rather the obligation to alter your beliefs will be imposed upon you, dear Biblicist.
In his first interview after assuming control of the federal government, Barack Obama did not grant an audience with a prominent American broadcaster such as Barbara Walters, Larry King, or Sean Hannity. Instead, he went crawling to an Arab propaganda outfit probably infiltrated by Al Qaeda sleeper agents.
Yet in a move reminiscent of those duped into advocating the unilateral disarmament position of the nuclear freeze movement, of Americans, Obama expects, "I don't expect divisions to disappear overnight...But I do believe that if we can talk to one another openly and honestly, then perhaps old rifts will start to mend and new partnerships will begin to emerge. In a world that grows smaller by the day, perhaps we can begin to crowd out the destructive forces of zealotry and make room for the healing power of understanding."
To Obama, destructive zealotry does not mean car bombs, forcing women to wear bags over their heads, or even holding "God Hates Fags" signs outside the funerals of Americans having fallen in battle. In the viewpoint of tolerance and open-mindedness of the new President, what constitutes acceptable religious activity is actually quite narrow.
For example, from the quote, Obama enunciates that he expects old rifts to mend and new partnerships to emerge. In other words, you are entitled to believe whatever you want so long as you don't believe that it is the only proper way to believe or dare share this perspective with anyone else.
For example, according to Obama, in response to criticism leveled against him by James Dobson of Focus on the Family, it is no longer appropriate for believers to take seriously Biblical prohibitions against homosexuality. Likewise, in an American ecclesiastical backdrop where the Obama Administration is pulling the strings either overtly or from behind the scenes, will Christians any longer be permitted to believe that Christ is the only means of salvation or to speak out on those areas where competing belief systems fall short of Christianity?
This is a valid concern because, in the mind of President Obama, the collectivist social democracies of the world are seen as superior to America's more individualistic republic. Yet in these regimes, the freedom to express one's conscience is shaky at best.
For example, in Scandinavia, Pastor Akkie Green ran afoul of the thought police for daring to exposit those passages of Scripture critical of homosexuality. In England, American talk radio personality Michael Savage was barred entrance for being critical of Islam even though Islamic militants are essentially granted permission to colonize the land of the Magna Carta, parliamentary democracy, and some of the world's most imaginative literature.
Things are little better with our neighbor to the north. For example, a ministry in Canada lost its equivalent of our tax exempt status for daring to point out where Jehovah's Witnesses and other theologically aberrant groups differ from establishmentarian Christianity. Mark Steyan and McClean's magazine faced the possibility of being dragged before a Human Rights Tribunal (basically a Stalinesque kangaroo court) for "vilifying" Islam by pointing out what terrorists have themselves publicly stated.
There is just so much those holding different religious beliefs can do together before mutual affirmations veer across the line into outright apostasy. For example, one can have a Muslim doctor or Jewish accountant and even be friends with these individuals. However, one is dangerously close to making the state itself God when profound theological differences are set aside in favor of so-called "new partnerships" called for by leaders out to deceive all of mankind irrespective of belief or creed.
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RECENT & READY WORKS
Dale Wasserman wrote for theater, television and film for more than 50 years and is best known for the musical Man of La Mancha, a multiple Tony Award winner. He also wrote the stage play One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, based on Ken Kesey’s novel, which has won several Tony Awards. Both shows continue to be produced nationally and internationally with an estimated 300 productions a year.
In January 1979, Dale met Martha Nelly Garza, who became his wife, loyal partner and loving companion, as he quoted in his book, The Impossible Musical (2003). More than once, Dale commented that Martha Nelly was the best thing that ever happened to him (aside from MOLM) and that it was their 30-year partnership that had been the greatest contribution to extending his life and his talents to age 94. Together, they worked on numerous musicals and several new plays which can be found on this website under RECENT & READY WORKS.
On December 21, 2008, Dale Wasserman, with his loving wife at his side, passed away peacefully of natural causes at his home in Paradise Valley, Arizona. Martha N. Wasserman is now the sole Owner/Licensor of Dale’s intellectual properties.
VIEW A 30-MINUTE VIDEO INTERVIEW WITH MR. WASSERMAN
“Witty, wicked, alarmingly candid…
here's a book
for all reasons.”
A lively account of the career of the musical play which has touched the hearts and minds of millions.
…at your booksellers, or from Hal Leonard Publishing or through
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Cboe Europe Management
The Cboe Europe management team focuses solely on the Company's mission of Making Markets Better. From superior trading technology with consistently reliable performance, to innovative price and billing systems, to providing free real-time web-based market data, the management team seizes every opportunity to make the European markets a better place to do business.
Mark Hemsley
Mark Hemsley is President of Cboe Europe, the European division of Cboe Global Markets, joining the firm in 2017 as part of the Bats Global Markets acquisition. Based in London, Mr. Hemsley oversees Cboe’s European operations, which provide investors with cutting-edge trading and investment solutions for the European equities, global FX and derivatives markets. Cboe Europe operates the largest pan-European stock market and trade reporting facility.
A founding employee of Bats Europe in 2008, Hemsley is a well-respected industry expert and leader whose team has played a major role in transforming Europe’s equity markets over the past decade. In 2011, Mr. Hemsley led the transformative acquisition and integration of Chi-X Europe, creating the leading stock exchange group in Europe, surpassing legacy markets which had been in operation for hundreds of years. Under Mr. Hemsley’s leadership, Bats became a Recognized Investment Exchange (RIE) in 2013.
Cboe Europe and Hemsley have received numerous awards, including the Financial News Trading & Technology Awards honor for “Exchange Group of the Year” for the past four years in a row. Mr. Hemsley has also been named to the “FN 100 Most Influential” list, which recognizes key financial executives impacting European financial markets, every year since 2009. In 2015, Mr. Hemsley received the Financial News “Decade of Excellence” award for outstanding contribution to Capital Markets and in 2018 he received the “Industry Leader of the Year” award.
Before joining Bats, Mr. Hemsley was Managing Director and Chief Information Officer at LIFFE, running its Market Solutions group. A LIFFE board member, he was also heavily involved in the sale of the company to Euronext.
Mr. Hemsley shares his market structure expertise with various industry groups and is a frequent speaker at industry conferences. He was previously a member of the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) Secondary Markets Standing Committee and the ESMA Stakeholders Group, providing consultation on the impact of market structure changes and ESMA policy development.
David Howson
David Howson joined Cboe Europe as chief operating officer in June 2013. He brings nearly 20 years of experience in European and North American financial markets technology to the company, overseeing Cboe Europe’s software engineering, infrastructure and operational teams.
Most recently, Mr. Howson was chief technology officer at Equiduct Systems Ltd., where he was one of the founders responsible for establishing Equiduct in 2006 as a pan-European Regulated Market. Mr. Howson spearheaded the design and implementation of the company’s technology platform and market structure and was responsible for technology strategy, market structure and post-trade services.
Prior to Equiduct, Mr. Howson was solutions architect and principal consultant at Reuters Consulting. His work included implementing and integrating a pan-European equities trading platform for Nasdaq Europe, as well as the architecture and implementation of the Super Montage Hybrid trading system for Nasdaq Deutschland. Later, as principal consultant to the Nasdaq Stock Market based in the U.S. he managed the redesign and deployment of several Nasdaq Market Site systems.
He graduated with first-class honours in Mathematics and Computer Science from Newcastle University.
Adam Eades
President, Cboe Europe B.V.
Adam Eades is President of Cboe Europe B.V., the Netherlands-based subsidiary of Cboe Europe, overseeing operations for the venue. Cboe Europe B.V. is authorised to operate a Regulated Market (RM), Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF) and Approved Publication Arrangement (APA), under the supervision of the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM).
Mr. Eades joined Cboe Europe in November 2011 and was previously Chief Legal and Regulatory Officer at Cboe Europe. Prior to his current appointment, Mr. Eades was also a member of the Board of Cboe Europe Limited and brings with him 25 years of legal, regulatory and compliance experience in financial markets and exchange trading and clearing.
Immediately prior to joining Cboe Europe, Mr. Eades was global general counsel at publicly traded Henderson Group plc, the international investment management firm, where he led legal, compliance and corporate secretariat functions in Europe, North America, Southeast Asia and Australia.
Mr. Eades’ experience includes 14 years at LIFFE and Euronext (later NYSE Euronext), where he held numerous leadership positions, including leading the European legal division for NYSE Euronext and serving as global head of legal affairs for NYSE Liffe responsible for all legal matters related to derivatives.
Prior to the acquisition of LIFFE by NYSE Euronext, Mr. Eades was general counsel and company secretary for LIFFE and served on its executive committee. He was appointed chairman of LIFFE Trustees Ltd., the corporate trustee of the LIFFE pension scheme, and board director of Euronext UK plc. He also directed market supervision and investigations during his tenure at LIFFE.
Mr. Eades is a qualified Solicitor and a member of the Law Society. He graduated from Newcastle upon Tyne University with an honours degree in Politics and History and subsequently completed his legal qualification at Guildford College of Law.
Jerry Avenell
Co-Head of Sales
Jerry Avenell was appointed co-head of the Cboe Europe sales division following Cboe's acquisition of Chi-X Europe and directs client relationship management and development in the UK and Ireland.
Mr. Avenell joined Chi-X Europe in November 2007 and was business development manager for the UK and Ireland. He was responsible for a range of Chi-X Europe's key market participant relationships and was involved in new product development initiatives.
"Jerry brings an extensive background in financial markets to the Cboe Europe team and has demonstrated success in building and enhancing customer relationships,"" said Mark Hemsley, chief executive officer of Cboe Europe. “I look forward to his contributions to our strategic objectives and growth."
Prior to joining Chi-X Europe, Mr. Avenell spent over eight years at the London Stock Exchange where he was responsible for market data division's account management. He was subsequently responsible for business development in the market services team and tasked with building the LSE's buy-side strategy.
Mr. Avenell started his career in software sales for the Press Association in 1994 and is a BA (Hons) graduate of the University of Manchester.
Alex Dalley
Alex Dalley co-heads the Cboe Europe sales division and is responsible for client relationship management and development in continental Europe. As one of the first employees to join Cboe Europe in 2008, Mr. Dalley was responsible for building the MTF's trading participant community as head of sales.
Mr. Dalley was previously with the London Stock Exchange where he served as head of membership and exchange trading directing Exchange trading sales, client management and member firm acquisition. He also led business development for the LSE buy-side/sell-side FIX hub and spoke service.
"With his experience at the LSE servicing and consulting with clients on all market issues, Alex is a valuable resource for current and future participants of the Cboe Europe trading community," said Mark Hemsley, chief executive officer of Cboe Europe.
He is a former Surrey County golfer and graduated with a BA (Hons) in Business Studies from the University of Plymouth.
Stephanie Renner
Stephanie Renner is Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Cboe Europe, the European division of Cboe Global Markets, and is responsible for all financial control and human resources functions for the business, including financial planning and reporting. Based in London, Ms. Renner became CFO in June 2018 and brings more than 27 years of experience in financial services and public accounting industries to the role.
Ms. Renner joined Cboe Global Markets as Assistant Controller in 2013, a position she held until her move to Cboe Europe. As Assistant Controller, Ms. Renner managed the daily operations of Cboe’s U.S. accounting function.
Prior to joining Cboe Global Markets, Ms. Renner spent 15 years at H&R Block, a leading tax preparation company, where she held various operational accounting roles and most recently served as the Director of Financial Reporting. During her tenure at H&R Block, Ms. Renner was focused on the financial services business lines, which included mortgage and investment services, small business services, and refund lending. She played a key role in various acquisitions the company made, including efficient integration of the finance departments, processes and reporting.
Ms. Renner started her career at Ernst & Young in Kansas City. She earned her Certified Public Accountant (CPA) designation in 1992 and is currently a member of the Missouri Society of CPAs and the American Institute of CPAs.
She graduated with honors from Rockhurst University in Kansas City.
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Aircraft Noise: The Ailment and The Treatment
By Arline L. Bronzaft, Ph.D., Chair, Aircraft Noise Abatement Group of New York and New Jersey (ANAG) | Hearing Rehabilitation Quarterly – Special Edition (2001)
The New Meaning of “F.A.A.”
The summer of 2000 was marked by an unusually high number of aircraft delays, especially at LaGuardia Airport in New York City. These delays continued into the Fall and the Winter months as well. Overseeing air transportation and, as a result, largely responsible for this mess in air travel is the Federal Aviation Administration, frequently identified by the letters FAA. However, this past year the letters “F.A.A.” could be used to describe the physical and mental state of the air travelers who were abandoned at airline terminals, uncertain of ever reaching their destinations – Fatigue, Aggravation and Anger.
Listening to these deserted passengers describe their feelings on television news programs reminded me of another group of individuals who have been similarly mistreated by the United States Federal Aviation Administration, namely, residents who are overwhelmed daily by the ever increasing number of noisy aircraft flying above their homes. They too suffer from Fatigue, Aggravation and Anger. The acronym, FAA, traditionally used to identify the agency charged with supervising air travel in this country, has now come to signify a disorder elicited by the failure of this agency to act responsibly to air travelers who expect to arrive at their destinations stress-free and responsively to nearby airport residents who are stressed-out daily by aircraft noise.
Although it remains to be seen whether the Federal Aviation Administration will find ways to ameliorate the problem of air passenger delays, and as a result eradicate the pain and suffering of these passengers, one could surmise how the agency plans to deal with residents suffering from aircraft noise from a letter written by Arlene Feldman, Regional Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to Dr. Allen Greene of Queens, New York (personal communication, December 3, 1997): “Residents should seek to understand noise issues and the steps that can be taken to minimize its effects. Prospective residents to an airport noise impacted area should be cognizant of the effect noise may have on their quality of life.” Adding insult to injury, Ms. Feldman urges people who have lived in their homes before the onslaught of increased air travel to be “cognizant of the effect before purchasing their homes?” The Federal Aviation Administration, represented by Ms. Feldman, is asking Queens residents to learn to cope with the aircraft noise or to find ways to protect themselves from the noise. In other words, residents are to seek their own solutions to the problem of aircraft noise .
Furthermore, residents can no longer call in their noise complaints to the Federal Aviation Administration because the agency stopped taking noise complaints by telephone two years ago. Residents are now told to call their nearby airports with these complaints. Since the Federal Aviation Administration “… is responsible for regulating aircraft and airport noise…” and since 1990 “…Congress forbade airport operators from enacting noise abatement measures concerning the newest generation of airplanes unless they have been approved by the FAA,” (Shapiro, 1991), the Federal Aviation Administration is directing complaints to an authority that lacks the power to alleviate overhead aircraft noise.
Unlike air passengers who expect the federal agency to remedy their air travel problems, residents living near airports, who have been the recipients of a letter similar to the one above, or who have called their local airports as directed, have no illusions about the Federal Aviation Administration’s desire to alleviate aircraft noise in the near future. A more likely expectation is the continuation of the Fatigue, Aggravation and Anger (“F.A.A.”) syndrome which has robbed them of a decent quality of life.
Airport Noise Is Hazardous to Our Well Being!
Imagine awakening most mornings to the sounds of overhead planes that seem to be landing in your bedroom. Put yourself in the place of the homeowner who is overwhelmed by overhead jet noise while barbecuing in the backyard. Think of how you would react to your child crying “No” and striking the air with her fist as she once again experiences the noisy airplane disturbing her playtime.
These are just three examples from the lives of the enormous numbers of people who each day have to deal with intrusive, disturbing aircraft noise. You, like they, would feel annoyed, distressed and angry.
More specifically when asked to report their feelings to the aircraft noises that penetrate their homes, some residents describe a churning in the stomach; others describe a pounding in the head; still others talk about the blood rushing to their faces. With looks of desperation and anguish all reveal one recurring thought: “Please, make the noise go away!” The common medical term to describe what these people are experiencing is stress – stress that can bring about increases in blood pressure, a rise in the level of cholesterol, or take the form of a changed heart beat. If this stress were to continue day after day, as it does in the lives of people who live with aircraft noise, then there is the possibility of cardiovascular, circulatory, digestive or respiratory problems.
But does the stress experienced by those living with aircraft noise result in physiological disorders? There are extensive reviews of studies on people disturbed by noises from nearby highways, railroads and airports (Berglund & Lindvall, 1995; Fay, 1991, Kryter, 1994; Tempest, 1985). The Health Council of the Netherlands in its report entitled “Public Health Impact of Large Airports” (1999) summed up the findings of numerous noise/health studies as follows: “The reported non-auditory effects in noise range from social-psychological effects such as annoyance, effects on mental health, effects on sleep, effects on performance to stress-related health effects such as hypertension and ischaemic heart disease.” Despite the need for additional research linking noise to health, Passchier-Vermeer and Passchier (2000) still concluded that “Exposure to noise constitutes a health risk.”
Especially problematic was the finding by Evans and Lapore (1993) that children living or attending school near a major airport were more likely to have elevated blood pressure. When a new airport was opened in Munich, Evans and his colCenters were able to demonstrate a relationship between chronic noise exposure and elevated neruoendocrine and cardiovascular measures (Evans, Hygge, and Bullinger, 1995). Also addressing the impact of aircraft noise on children is the study by the Okinawa Prefectual Government (1999) that found that children exposed to aircraft noise are likely to: “…easily catch cold, have a poor appetite, and take a long time to make friends.”
Even if we believe that the noise/health link has not yet been strongly affirmed, we cannot deny the fact that individuals exposed to repeated aircraft noises experience a poorer quality of life. Asked how noise interfered with their lives, people living near airports reported that they cannot keep their windows opened, sleep, listen to radio and television, talk on the telephone, or converse with others in their homes (Bronzaft, et al., 1998). Similar findings were reported by the Okinawa Prefectual Government (1999). The nearly seventy percent of the people in the Bronzaft et al. study (1998) who answered that they were bothered by aircraft noises could be characterized as suffering from Fatigue, Aggravation, and Anger.
The subjects in the Bronzaft and the Okinawa Prefectual Government studies may not yet manifest observable physical ailments but their quality of life has certainly been diminished by the intrusive airplane noises. One must keep in mind that good health is not simply the absence of a diagnosed physical disorder!
Aircraft Noise and Children’s Development
One area of long-standing concern for parents has been the effect of noise on their children’s development. It took a growing list of research findings (Bronzaft and McCarthy, 1975; Bronzaft, 1982; Green, Pasternak and Shore,1982; Evans, Bullinger and Hygge, 1998; Haines, Stansfeld, Berglund and Job, 1999) to convince the Federal Interagency Committee on Aviation Noise (FICAN) that noise is detrimental to children’s learning. In its 2000 report FICAN acknowledged that:
“Research on the effects of aircraft noise on children’s learning suggests that aircraft noise can interfere with learning in the following areas: reading, motivation, language and speech acquisition, and memory. The strongest findings to date are in the area of reading, where more than 20 studies have shown that children in noise impact zones are negatively affected by aircraft.”
Yet, despite this dramatic statement, supervisors of schools lying within the paths of overhead aircraft have to fight for dollars to mitigate the noise at these schools. FICAN’s statement that there is still insufficient research to support the effectiveness of noise mitigation at schools (September 2000, p. 6) probably explains in part why school districts can’t readily receive the necessary dollars to treat their classrooms.
Too many of our nation’s children get double doses of aircraft noise – one at home and one at school. Recognizing that schoolroom mitigation alone will not protect their children from the deleterious effects of noise, parents residing in flight paths have demanded soundproofing for their homes. They know that soundproofing will not afford them the full use of their property but quieter homes should enhance their children’s reading, studying and learning skills. However, obtaining federal dollars for home soundproofing is also a struggle.
Parents who are battling to protect their children from the hazards of aircraft noise, if asked, would most certainly describe bouts of Fatigue, Aggravation and Anger. Feelings of fatigue, aggravation and anger undoubtedly distract these parents from their parental obligations and in the long run their children may suffer. Noise in the home may very well hinder good parent-child relationships.
What Is the Federal Government Doing to Ameliorate Aircraft Impacts?
In the last several congressional sessions, legislation was introduced to reinvigorate the Office of Noise Abatement and Control (ONAC), that once existed to curtail the growing noises in our society, but this legislation failed to receive sufficient support. In other words, ONAC lies dormant while noises, especially aviation noise, overwhelm greater numbers of Americans. Some hope that our federal government might once again recognize the danger of noise pollution came in the form of two pieces of recent legislation that called for the examination of the effects of aviation noise on residents subjected to aircraft or helicopter noise.
As part of a major piece of Federal Aviation Administration legislation passed in 2000, a section was included that directed the General Accounting Office to study the adverse effects of aviation noise on people’s health and on children’s learning, to examine whether the measurements employed by the Federal Aviation Administration adequately assess the impacts of noise on residents, and to determine the effectiveness of noise abatement programs at our nation’s airports. A second piece of legislation was passed that called upon the Federal Aviation Administration to ascertain the impact of helicopter noise on nearby residents.
The General Accounting Office decided that the National Academy of Sciences was better suited to undertake an investigation that included examining physiological and psychological effects of noise. In November 2000, President Clinton signed Senate Order 2440 assigning the study to the National Academy of Sciences but with funding not yet appropriated, there is still uncertainty as to whether this study will be carried out. With respect to examining the effects of helicopter noise, the Federal Aviation Administration interpreted its mandate to be the measure of helicopter sounds, not the assessment of noise impacts on people. However, the comments the agency solicited from citizens living near heliports should yield some data on the effects on people. We now await the outcomes of these two federally-funded studies that could heighten the government’s awareness of the dangers of aviation noise pollution
Yet I remember a time over twenty years ago when the federal government didn’t need further enlightenment but rather was well versed on the matter of noise as a health issue. Although the government had understood that additional studies were needed to solidify the noise/health link, it still recognized that there was sufficient evidence to indicate that noise was a real danger. The last two sentences in Noise: A Health Problem (Office of Noise Abatement and Control, 1978) underscores this position.
“It is finally clear that noise is a significant hazard to public health.
Truly, noise is more than just an annoyance. (p.23)
I reflect on these two sentences and then ask myself: “When did we stop caring about noise as a significant health hazard?” More to the point: “Why did we stop caring about noise as a significant health hazard?” My answer to the latter question, as it was stated in an earlier publication (Bronzaft, 1998), centers around the realization that aircraft noise curtailment would impose additional costs on the air transportation industry, an industry with well-funded Washington lobbyists. When the federal government abandoned the Office of Noise Abatement, it gave license to the air transportation industry to ignore the pain and suffering of those who are subjected daily to those overwhelming noises from above. If ignore is to strong a word, then one could simply state that the federal government has permitted the airlines and airplane manufacturers to abate noise at their own slow, deliberate pace. Apparently business profits take precedence over mental and physical well-being!
Taking Charge and Lessening the Fatigue, Aggravation and Anger
International passenger air travel is expected to double in the next ten years and domestic travel should double in the next twenty years. The Federal Aviation Administration projects 36% more flights in the year 2007. Thirty-two of the fifty airports that were surveyed plan to build new runways or extend existing ones (Stenzel, 1996), and smaller airports are expected to enlarge as well. If all these expectations become a reality then the existing aircraft noise problem will worsen despite plans to reduce aircraft noise through new technologies. Even if the government’s own studies, that were discussed above, clearly demonstrate the hazards of aircraft noise, will the government act expeditiously to bring some relief to those on the ground suffering from the steadily mounting offensive noise?
Judging from the government’s overwhelming concern for the heartiness of the air transportation industry these past eighteen years, under both Republican and Democratic administrations, the answer is: “Not likely.” Unless, of course, communities outraged by airport expansion, and now emboldened by findings supporting their claims, demand immediate action from the federal government.
The Fatigue, Aggravation and Anger, typifying the residents forced to live with the burgeoning aircraft noises, will fester and worsen as time goes by and nothing is done to improve the situation. The F.A.A. syndrome will be further exacerbated as residents feel they lack the power to change things. Then in time these combined feelings of stress and helplessness could lead to a physiological or psychological breakdown. Those who live in the paths of overhead jets cannot allow themselves to be the helpless pawns of the air transportation industry and the Federal Aviation Administration.
Fighting back allows an individual to regain greater control over his or her life. When an individual battles an oppressor, whether it be a personal enemy, a federal agency or a “big business,” the anger that is seething within the person is redirected to the source of that anger, relieving much of the internal pain that has accompanied that anger. This in turn lessens the stress and frustration, not necessarily causing them to disappear, but keeping them within tolerable levels.
The battle to reduce aircraft noise is a long-term one but small victories along the way will provide the sustenance to maintain the course. One might consider the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision to cut back the number of takeoffs from LaGuardia a small victory or the delay, for at least another year, of the development of a FedEx hub in Greensboro, North Carolina a small victory. There are numerous other examples of citizens halting the expansion of runways or demanding that air flights go over waterways rather than their homes. Whenever a community organization registers a victory, it could be considered a small win for the entire population battling aviation noise and every one in this population should be invigorated to continue their fight.
Furthermore, victories can also be measured by media exposure. Whenever one of the many anti-aircraft noise pollution groups such as US-Citizens Aviation Watch (US-CAW), Aircraft Noise Abatement Group of New York and New Jersey (ANAG), New Jersey Coalition Against Aircraft Noise (NJCAAN), Sane Aviation for Everyone (SAFE), or Helicopter Coalition of New York is quoted in the press, then it could be chalked up as a victory for all those opposing aviation noise.
However, there are still too few participants in the struggle to protect themselves and their children from these invasive and devastating aircraft noises. This also means that far too many people have given in to Fatigue, Aggravation and Anger, making them more vulnerable to potential physiological and psychological harm. Joining one of the above-mentioned groups, and taking some control over your life, as indirectly suggested by Arlene Feldman of the Federal Aviation Administration, is one way to relieve some of the pain associated with the F.A.A. syndrome. Another way, if you are not one who readily joins groups, is to read the key “talking points” listed below on aviation noise abatement policy prepared by the Aircraft Noise Abatement Group of New York and New Jersey, in conjunction with the Noise Pollution Clearinghouse. Then forward the talking points to your friends, associates, and public officials.
It should be pointed out that individuals who are not in the path of overhead aircraft today may discover in the near future that a flight path has been moved to their community or a heliport is planned for their neighborhood. Thus, it is hoped that this article would encourage all citizens to work with us in educating our legislators to the dangers of aircraft noise and in urging them to join us in our quest for a quieter sky and a healthier existence.
Advocating For a Saner Aviation Noise Abatement Policy
In keeping with the latest knowledge on the impacts of aircraft noise on community health and welfare, advocate for 55 dNL as the appropriate level of noise that is considered hazardous to health and well-being, as well as the inclusion of single-events of noise in determining harmful effects of aircraft noise, until more appropriate descriptions are developed.
Require Stage 3 compliance for all airplanes under 75,000 pounds and develop more stringent noise regulations for helicopters. Raise minimum overflight altitudes for airplanes and establish a minimum overflight altitude for helicopters.
Prohibition of overflights over national and state parks.
Noise regulations must be set for military flights as they are for civilian flights.
Fund studies on the effects of aircraft noise on mental and physical health, especially the effects on children’s health, development and learning.
Moratorium on airport capacity expansion until appropriate environmental standards are met.
Urge design and implementation of innovative land use planning around airports, e.g. buffer zones so as to reduce noise impacts.
Nighttime curfews – no departures or arrivals between the hours of 10 p.m. and 7 a.m., except in emergencies.
Passenger tax to be used solely for safety, environmental protection and noise abatement.
Support quieter, cleaner aircraft technology, called Stage IV.
Berglund, B. & Lindvall, T. (1995). Community noise. Stockholm: Center for Sensory Research.
Bronzaft, A. L., Ahern, K.D., McGinn, R., O’Connor, J. & Savino, B. (1998). Aircraft noise: A potential health hazard. Environment and Behavior 30, 101-113.
Bronzaft, A. L. (1998). A voice to end the government’s silence on noise. Hearing Rehabilitation Quarterly, 23, 6-12, 29.
Bronzaft, A.L. (1981). The effect of a noise abatement program on reading ability. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1, 215-222.
Bronzaft, A. L. & McCarthy, D. (1975) The effect of elevated train noise on reading ability.
Environment and Behavior, 7, 517-528.
Evans, G. W. Hygge, S. & Bullinger, M. (1995). Chronic noise and psychological stress. Psychological Science, 6, 333-338.
Evans, G. W. & Lepore, S. J. (1993). Nonauditory effects of noise on children. A critical review. Children’s Environments, 10, 31-51.
Fay, T.H. (1991). Noise and Health. New York: The New York Academy of Medicine.
Federal Interagency Committee on Aviation Noise. (September 2000). FICAN position on research into effects of aircraft noise on classroom learning. Washington, D.C. Federal Interagency Committee on Aviation Noise.
Green, K. B., Pasternak, B. S. & Shore, R. E. (1982). Effects of aircraft noise on reading ability of school-age children. Archives of Environmental Health, 37, 24-31.
Haines, M. M., Stansfeld, S. A., Berglund, B. & Job, R. F. S. (1998). Chronic aircraft noise
Exposure and child cognitive performance and stress. In N. Carter, & R. F. S. Job (Eds).
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on noise as a public health problem. (Vol. 1,
329-335). Sydney: Noise Effects ’98 PTY LTD.
Health Council of the Netherlands (1999). Public health impact of large airports. The Hague:
Health Council of the Netherlands.
Okinawa Prefectual Government (1999). A report on the aircraft noise as a public health problem in Okinawa. Okinawa Prefectural Government: Office of Environmental Protection, Department of Culture and Environmental Affairs.
Kryter, K.D. (1994). The Handbook of Hearing and the Effects of Noise. San Diego: Academic Press.
Passchier-Vermeer, W. & Passchier, W. F. (2000). Noise exposure and public health. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108, 123-131
Shapiro, S.A. (1991). The dormant noise control act and options to abate noise pollution. Washington, D.C. The Administrative Conference of the United States.
Stenzel, J. (1996). Flying off course. N. Y. Natural Resources Defense Council.
Tempest, W. (1985). The noise handbook London: Academic Press.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control. (1978)
Noise: A health problem. Washington, D.C.: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
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On-line Publication
Aim of the Journal
Publisher's own license
The methods of treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with valvular heart disease
DOI: http://doi.org/10.31928/2305-3127-2019.1.513
O.M. Grytsay 1, Y.V. Skybchyk 1, I.Y. Mokryk 1, E.V. Zhytyns’kiy 1, V.О. Kuts 2, О.J. Zharinov 2, B.M. Todurov 1, 2
1 Heart Institute, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
2 Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine
The article presents literature data on the methods of treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with valvular heart disease. The clinical efficacy of surgical treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation is presented – surgical isolation of the left atrium, «corridor» and Maze procedures. It is emphasized that Maze operation has four modifications, and for today Maze IV is the most common intervention in valvular atrial fibrillation, significantly reducing the risk of thromboembolic complications associated with atrial fibrillation. The efficiency of surgical ablation in valvular atrial fibrillation is discussed, i.e. radiofrequency ablation, laser ablation, microwave ablation, their efficiency in addition to surgical treatment. The article also presents the results of clinical trials in valvular atrial fibrillation, after surgical and complex treatment. It is indicated that a novel metod of treatment in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation is mini-access thoracotomy; after progression of minimally invasive cardiac surgery, modifications of Maze-procedures were performed through a mini-thoracotomy access or thoracoscopy with the usage of endoscopic complex. In conclusion, despite numerous clinical trials, none provided evidence base to determine statistically significant differences in survival; it has not currently been determined how surgical treatment of valvular atrial fibrillation influences the survival of patients.
Key words: atrial fibrillation, valvular disease, surgical treatment, Maze I–IV, surgical ablation.
[PDF] [References]
All-Ukrainian Association of Specialists in Arrhythmology and Cardiac Electrophysiology
© Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology, 2019
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Claire Foy stars in The Girl in the Spider's Web
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