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THE EYE OF SELF-EXISTENCE
The Secret Doctrine establishes three fundamental propositions:
An omnipresent, Eternal, Boundless, and Immutable PRINCIPLE on which all speculation is impossible, since it transcends the power of human conception and could only be dwarfed by any human expression or similitude. It is beyond the range and reach of thought – in the words of Mandukya, "unthinkable" and "unspeakable".
To render these ideas clearer to the general reader, let him set out with the postulate that there is one absolute Reality which antecedes all manifested, conditioned being. This Infinite and Eternal Cause – dimly formulated in the Unknowable of current European philosophy – is the rootless root of "all that was, is, or ever shall be". It is of course devoid of all attributes and is essentially without any relation to manifested, finite Being. It is "Be-ness" rather than Being (in Sanskrit, Sat), and is beyond all thought or speculation.
The Secret Doctrine, i 14
In the magical phrase of the Book of Dzyan, the oldest book of revelation kept in the secret sanctuaries of the sacred Mystery Temples, the Rootless Root symbolizes the First Fundamental of the Sacred Science of Gupta Vidya, the Wisdom Religion or Theosophia. It is the unknowable but for humankind; it is also the unthinkable and unspeakable, especially in the Mysteries, for those who have apprehended the unknowable, those who have gone beyond all scattered thoughts to the supernal realm of Divine Thought, transcended even that, and become one with TAT. It is THAT, beyond all names and forms, which includes all, cancelling and superceding all beginnings and endings. It is that which is beginningless, ever existing and never dying. It is the fountainhead and origin of all Life, and of all life in the seven kingdoms of Nature in all worlds and systems, in all stars, planets and galaxies.
It is the origin of all life during manvantara, the "Day" of the great universe, which is the period of activity for every single being throughout the cosmos. It is also equally and exactly the same during the "Night" of non-manifestation in which every being is reabsorbed, without knowing it, into the great bosom of the Divine Ground, that which includes all and yet itself is No-thing, which is everything and nothing. Unthinkable, unspeakable, it is the Soundless Sound in the eternal Silence that transcends all sounds and silences in the manifested worlds of Nature, both visible and invisible. It encompasses the entire human kingdom and all the lives of all gods, monads and atoms, beings of every kind at whatever degree of awareness, knowledge, self-knowledge, universal knowledge, universal self-knowledge or universal self-consciousness.
Beyond and behind all of these is TAT, which is ever full, and which, though boundless, is capable of emanating countless universes, and yet remains totally undepleted. One of the most magnificent stanzas in Sanskrit declares: That which is ever full has taken away from it that which is ever full, and yet, it remains ever full. It transcends all infinities and all sum totals, and therefore it is known to the man of meditation, and sometimes in speech, as that which is No-thing or No-being. It is No-thing in space and time, nothing that is ever manifested, because it is eternally beyond manifest and non-manifest, being and non-being, day and night. It is beyond all contrast, beyond all divisions and dichotomies, beyond Spirit-Matter and the very division and contrast between concretized spirit and sublimated matter on all planes of existence. It has also been sometimes referred to as the One Universal Existence, as in the eighth shloka of the Stanzas of Dzyan:
Alone the One form of existence stretched boundless, infinite, causeless, in dreamless sleep; and life pulsated unconscious in universal space, throughout that All-Presence which is sensed by the opened Eye of the Dangma.
It is the attributeless Absolute, whose only predication is attribute - lessness. This, though a paradox of thought and of language, is a poetical and metaphorical way of conveying what the Mandukya Upanishad calls "unthinkable and unspeakable".
And yet, as the thirteenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita declares, "That which is remoter than the remotest is closer than the closest." Few fitter poetical depictions of it were offered than these lines of William Blake:
To see a World in a Grain of Sand,
Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand,
Here is a way of recognizing, revering, honouring and saluting, but also conceiving, the Absolute without attempting to "nail it down" by leaden attributes. That which is attributeless has as many attributes as there are dainty flowers and diverse trees. It has, in fact, itself been sometimes shown in relation to the Tree of Life, which includes all possible trees and all actual trees, in all possible worlds. This mighty metaphor is older than that of Blake. It is as old as thinking man. Everything represented by the hidden roots, the shoots, the trunk, the myriad branches, the myriads upon myriads of leaves, the flowers and fruits of the tree – deeply rooted in the earth and extending upward to the heavens – is significant in this sacred metaphor. It signifies the sacred function of the entire manifested cosmos. It is like a suspended bridge between the Divine Ground and all beings, and is itself expressed throughout the gamut of all existence.
The term "Be-ness", though better than the term "Being", is still only a poor English equivalent to the rich Sanskrit term SAT, which embraces the concepts of Being, Be-ness and Absolute Truth. SAT also encompasses the concept of Universal Absolute Consciousness, because the Absolute, though it has neither consciousness nor desire, neither wish nor thought, is absolute thought, absolute desire, absolute consciousness, absolutely all. It is each of these, and yet it is beyond them all, which is why it cannot be limited by any single being or thing in relation to its vast, immemorial, variegated perception or perspective, vital experience or vocal description. It is beyond all of these, inexplicable, inexhaustible and impossible of definition.
This is implicit in the etymology of the English term "absolute", which is derived from the Latin absolutus, "that which is completed", "that which is complete in itself". Therefore it excludes nothing, it wants nothing, it lacks nothing, it needs nothing. It is all-complete and it is unfettered. Neither earthquakes nor wars, nor the ever-present cycle of destruction can have any mark or trace on it, or in any way fetter the Absolute. It is unconditional and beyond all conditions, and yet it is in all conditions intact, complete, self-sufficient, and utterly incapable of being touched or tainted, circumscribed or narrowed. It surpasses the vastest, infinite sum totals of objects and subjects in all possible worlds. The Latin absolutus is itself derived from the past participle of the verb absolvere, "to free from", "to complete", an etymology which shows that it is not a static concept, nor indeed is it dynamic, for it is that which is endlessly at work, behind anything and everything, and therefore to be identified with the ultimate, unknowable mystery of the one Law ceaselessly operating throughout the cosmos.
It is ever behind every single change, every single movement, all the rhythms and patterns of all of Nature in its intricate, inexhaustible vastness on the invisible causal as well as the visible plane. Therefore, it is ever capable of liberating anything and everything from conditionality. That liberation is known – if indeed we can talk of such knowledge – as the ending of embodied life, as a kind of death, yet in the Absolute there is neither birth nor death. Nothing is ever lost, nothing is ever saved, nothing is ever begun, and nothing is ever ended, because everything that comes to be already exists in the Absolute. Everything that ceases to be continues to remain in the Absolute, otherwise there would be no continuity between manvantaras, immense, immeasurable periods of time, epochs in galactic space. That which is unconditional, inexhaustible, all-complete and omnipresent is also by its inherent nature that which both seemingly binds and effectually liberates.
To the highest minds of meditation, the greatest lovers of true wisdom, who have reached the pinnacle and summit of the loftiest conceivable altitude of philosophic thought, it is impossible to think about it except with reverence. It is unapproachable except by cancelling all divisions between thought, will and feeling, between head and heart, and every category of every school. All of them are dim, feeble, and at best logically limitedrepresentations of existence and reality, which is itself only an irrelevant aspect of that which Ever Is and, therefore, by definition can never emerge into existence and never cease to be. Hence the term "Be-ness". The Latin term solvere, implying an alchemical sense of negation, comes from the Indo-European root leu, which means "to loosen", "to divide", "to cut apart", as with a pair of scissors. In conversation, human beings cut apart themselves, other human beings and the world, dividing endlessly but feebly, compared with the way Nature divides all things with a daily magnificence. All our efforts to cut up, to divide and analyze the Absolute will fail because it is that which can never be divided, can never be cut up. It cannot be extended, contracted, shrunk or swallowed. No spatial metaphor can begin to characterize its essential indestructible property rooted in ever-existing self-existence. It is not only the sole Self-Existent, but it is also inclusive of all that is existent at all levels. If that is so, all words are merely invocations or petitions to burst the barriers and boundaries of finitude, fragmentation and limitation. To move towards the Absolute is continually to cancel and transcend every possible limit or characterization .
That is why the Self-Existent is apprehended by human beings more readily in silence than in speech, in states of non-being rather than in what seem to be modes of being in a body. Spatial terms obviously can have no possible reference to the Absolute. And yet, on the visible plane, both in the sky and in the sea, we have two conspicuous, all-powerful representations of that which is incapable of limitation, that which is so deep and homogeneous that it is incapable of being understood in terms of visible motion, movements and waves. No human being who has ever reflected upon the sky or sea can fail to have some sense of what the Absolute is like. No one who has ever reflected upon all the trees, all the birds upon this earth, all the animals, plants and minerals of every kind, all the millions upon millions of elementals that ceaselessly dance in the three kingdoms below the four visible kingdoms, can fail to recognize the immensity and richness of the Absolute even in the realm of the manifest.
Few human beings make the effort of thought and imagination which is the privilege and prerogative of being human and think of the births of all babies on earth, not in numbers, but in terms of monad-souls taking bodies as part of one great pilgrimage. The ceaseless, eternal, endless pilgrimage of all humanity is older than universes and will go on long after this universe has been destroyed. This cannot, after a point, be understood numerically in a linear way. Some other dialectical mode must be used. Minimally, one could think in a Shakespearean way about all tongues, all breaths, all eyes, all hands, all fingers as intimated in many magnificent statues of the Hindu gods. One would have to think in terms of myriads of humanities, and all of them gathering meaning and dignity through the experience of finitude, pain, conditionality and ignorance. At the same time, their sheer persistence through all of these limitations represents the indestructible core of divine discontent in the human soul, seeing beyond all possible experiences, ceaselessly continuing a pilgrimage through innumerable worlds. And yet, these pilgrimages themselves are like the winking of an eye in the ceaseless Life of the Eye of Self-Existence of the Absolute.
Clearly, there is no insuperable difficulty in thinking seriously about the First Fundamental of Gupta Vidya. But in thinking of boundless vastitude, if one tries to do so in terms of numbers or in terms of spatial concepts of largeness, one encounters a problem. For example, if one thought of all the grains of sand upon this earth, one might as well call them infinite. And yet, one has common sense and intelligence enough to know that actually there is a finite limit to the number of all the grains of sand upon all the beaches upon this globe. And indeed, one does not have to know very much astronomy to know that there must be a finite limit to everything that is manifested, whether they be planets, stars, galaxies, galactic systems or even grains of sand. No wonder the latter is a favourite metaphor of enlightened beings like Gautama Buddha. There is no human being who cannot understand the notion of the immensity involved in what is so infinitesimally small to the naked eye, a grain of sand. The infinite in the infinitesimal can be experienced by a thinking being not just with reference to the sky and sea, but also with reference to trillions upon trillions of grains of sand. And yet, however unutterable these are in magnitude, they must ultimately be finite. They exist, then, in every noble yet imperfect attempt of any soul to characterize the Absolute, the God beyond all gods.
From this it is also clear that any attempt to begin to understand the Absolute in terms of an image or icon, let alone in terms of something which is outside the cosmos and which is crudely anthropomorphic, would be absurd. It would be the surest way of caricaturing the notion of Deity since, if there is any deity less than the Absolute, that would not be the highest conceivable source worthy of human adoration. Can there be a deity which is equivalent to the Absolute? "Deity" itself is an abstract notion, and the word "Absolute" is an imperfect term which has relativity built into it. This can be seen clearly from the use of "absolute" in ordinary speech: any references to something that we call "absolutely true" or "absolutely correct", like any measure of "absolute heat" or "absolute cold", are relative to a particular scale of measurements or a particular system of concepts. One does not have to be highly trained in informal logic or formal mathematics to realize that these are necessary notions, but still notions that are man-made, notions that have limitation built into them.
If this is so, we can appreciate the assistance given by enlightened beings to limited and imperfect minds in helping them to get beyond mere spatial or numerical magnitudesand metaphors by invoking poetical speech. Poetical speech is truer, less faulty, more evocative, even though it may involve the imagery of the visible, tangible and spatial. But man is capable of coining and formulating imagery, in art as in science, in poetry as in mathematics, which points beyond itself. And that is why many of the greatest Rishis and Sages have come as Kavis, Divine Poets. They have chosen, instead of characterizing or conceptualizing the Absolute, to celebrate it, to adore it. Therefore, all the great hymns are magnificent acts of celebration – celebrations of life, celebrations of the dignity of death, celebrations of the integrity as well as the compassion of all the laws that work throughout manifestation. The Absolute extends our view of what is known and unknown, pointing beyond all possible pathways, to what is essentially unknowable, transcending all knowledge and cognition.
If there is an Eternal Wisdom in this universe, hidden in the very depths of manifestation, that Eternal Wisdom can only be one aspect of the Absolute. If there is universal ideation, ceaseless ideation by the very greatest beings in all evolution, that universal ideation would be seen because of their greatness merely as a mode of participation in only a tiny portion of the Absolute. And yet, any notion of the Absolute, with all its vastness, its transcendence and its grandeur, would be meaningless if it denied significance to the very least being, to the shortest-lived insect. If the Absolute could not itself be invoked for the sake of giving meaning and beauty, dignity and truth, to the least particle, to whatever existed for the most fleeting second, it would not really afford a proper understanding either of life or the cosmos. It would not be a proper function of the exercise of the human capacity for comprehension through knowledge of life, and therefore it would fail. All human efforts to include, as to exclude, will necessarily fall far short of any attempt to characterize the Absolute. The Absolute summons that in us which does not merely want to characterize or describe, but to understand ceaselessly, to make understanding an eternal process of ceaseless learning, coeval with ceaseless living in a world of ceaseless change, under which remains an indestructible core of changelessness. That core is in every atom, in every being, in every second, in every moment, everywhere and always.
Given this, we can see why the great metaphors of the ancient scriptures are really invitations to deep, calm and continuous reflection upon everything that is. The "Boundless All", "that which is and yet is not", "Eternal Non-being", "the One Form of Existence", "the Eternal Parent" and "the All-Presence" are all expressions that help us because of the beauty of language, and because of the beauty of the concepts they evoke. The ubiquitous presence of Deity can no more be denied than we can deny the existence of the sun and its omnipresent light. Even if there were myriad suns and myriad worlds, the process of the diffusion of light must be analogous to what makes our living possible on this earth and our experience of the visible sun at dawn, midday and dusk. The wise celebrate the ever-present Invisible Sun even in the light of the physical world that surrounds us in our physical bodies. They thereby recognize the ever-existing, invisible Spiritual Sun that gives spiritual and mental illumination ceaselessly. The notion of life is inseparable from the notion of light, but also inseparable from divine cosmic electricity. There is a pulsation thrilling and throbbing even in the darkest period of non-manifestation, and that has sometimes been saluted as the Eternal Great Breath. The breathing in and breathing out of worlds and universes would itself have no meaning if there were not a ceaseless breathing at the very core of all life and light, and of all cosmic electricity.
Yet every one of these poetic notions gets tainted and tortured by the intrinsic limitations of human beings who must start with the limits of the known and extend them. To do this, they must emulate the greatest human beings who always, the more they know, become even more aware of what they do not know. The more gnostic they are, the more agnostic they become and the more they rejoice in the fact that the mathematics of the cosmos transcends the greatest possible representations in laws and equations, in theorems and theories. The authentic beginning of advanced thinking in philosophy of science is the recognition, through the study of mathematical logic, set theory and mathematics, that this is intrinsically so. This is especially true today because of the impressive work in the nineteenth century of outstanding minds who demonstrated conclusively how many infinities one could find in mathematics. One can even construct modes of non-Euclidean geometry in which an infinitude of points can still be related to what is capable of being mapped.
Impressive though this may be, it is but a small part of human knowledge, only a small representation in recent history within a limited field of a knowledge that is as old as thinking man. Many human beings have experienced this in the realm of feeling even more grandly than they have experienced it in the realm of thought. Consider the ecstasy of a child. Consider the sadness of a human being who is ready to finish a single day in the endless series of days that makes up the wheel of existence. Consider the poignancy felt when nearing the moment of death, which is really no more than a trivial hour in a ceaseless journey. All of these are universal experiences of the transcendence of feeling. In all cultures, civilizations and societies, among human beings who are highly sensitive to the deeper levels and subtler vibrations of feeling, there is a firm recognition that more is said through intimation than through explicit representation in external speech or form. This is part of the poetry of human life, part of the poetry of cosmic existence.
What is unsaid is more significant and more real than what is said, because it brings us closer to the Absolute. What is thought by human beings, but thought in a way that they are not even aware of, is often closer and truer to the intrinsic nature of life itself, of consciousness and of the Absolute, than all the thoughts that they bring to the forefront of their attention, let alone the thoughts they articulate and share. There is, therefore, no sense in which a human being can expect to begin to understand the Absolute except by accepting the fact that one is born alone, dies alone and lives alone. So does everything in Nature. And yet, there is nothing in Nature that is not bound up with everything else that exists. This is true in the realm of atoms, true in the realm of plants, true in the realm of human beings. Still, there is a secret solitude to the life journey of every ant, of every fly, of every flower and also of every human being.
The Absolute, then, is the very ground of all reality. All denials of it are meaningless, because they simply trap one in the unreal, which itself is only like a minor shadow of what is an ever-present veil upon the Absolute. To have a sense of the meaning of sacred metaphors such as the "All-Presence" or the "Boundless All" is to make come alive infinitude within finitude, transcendence within immanence, boundless space within visible space, eternal duration within limited time. The Absolute is the only conceivable ground of all experience, and it must lie continuously before our physical eyes, as well as our mind's eye and our soul's eye. To make the Absolute the ground of our being, our thinking, our living and our feeling is to recognize that everything which is by its very nature limited because of language, because of gesture, because of definition, because of its captivity within space-time, is merely a kind of apologetic, imperfect representation of that which is beyond representation in the realm of thought and the realm of feeling.
This is not difficult to understand. We are only speaking of what we already know, and what we know that we know. But we cannot bring what we know that we know in the depth of our being – which has sometimes been called the "I am I" consciousness – into the realm of that which is limited. Therefore, the Absolute is that from which we are self-alienated, owing to our needlessly self-devised limitations. Ultimately, in a Platonic sense or as Shankaracharya pointed out, there is only one error, and that is the root of all errors. It is the treating of that which is ever changing as enduring, that which is unreal as real, or that which is finite as if it had a kind of indefinite extension in the realm of time. This applies to all worlds, all lives, all acts and all relationships. It applies to all religions, all philosophies, all sciences and all systems of thought. That is why it applies to the entire gamut of what we call civilization, which is only at best like a mask upon the great secret, unspeakable, unthinkable pilgrimage of the immortal soul of all Humanity. In other words, in consciousness we can dare further and go beyond what we can construct through thoughts, words, formulations and expressions. We all know this, and that is because most of our life is spent either in sleep or in states of consciousness where we are in no position to articulate our thoughts to anyone, or even to ourselves. Thus philosophers in the East have said that you cannot even begin to pronounce upon human nature until you can first address yourself to Being in all states of non-manifestation, which actually far exceed, in their impact upon our being, what we regard as visible and temporal states.
The central truth in relation to consciousness has already been sensed in relation to matter itself in contemporary science and it was always known to the greatest philosophers. When you think of Absolute Abstract Space, Eternal Duration and Perpetual Motion, there is no manifest motion, no measurable time, no extended space which is not trivial in relation to Duration which is eternal, Motion which is ceaseless, Space which is boundless. We all have a sense of Abstract Space, Eternal Duration and Perpetual Motion; otherwise, we would not be able to live. There would be no light in our eyes, no power to give life. There would be no will, no capability of what Spinoza called conatus – self-sustenance of living on and surviving, from day through night into the next day, from one life into the next life through the intermediate states between lives, let alone being able to cross the bridge between our boundaries of existence and those of all other beings now alive in worlds of embodied existence. There would be no way to cross those barriers if we absolutized our finite concepts, making them the sole basis of all knowing. The concepts to which we are ordinarily attached are trivial reflections only of the elementary needs and evanescent wants of what is shadowy in comparison with the immortal, indestructible story of human consciousness. That is why, even though the notion of consciousness would be misleading in relation to the Absolute (which is better seen as a state of unconsciousness or dreamless sleep), yet consciousness itself, like space, duration and motion, is a useful working symbol for the Absolute. But by its nature it is a conditioned symbol, because to the entire gamut of consciousness of all the greatest beings in all the worlds there is still a boundary in matter, in embodiment, and the Absolute must surely far transcend all boundaries.
Thus, when certain ideas are pushed far enough, we get a sense which helps to correct the finitizing tendency of the human mind, its self-imprisonment, its conditioned, habitual bondage to limiting and deceptive notions. Such notions cannot have any basis in reality or in thought when thought is sustained and truly rigorous, thorough and logical, and when philosophy is fearless and daring, questioning and searching in every possible direction. But if all our concepts are conditional, how then can the Absolute be conceived? The simple answer is that it cannot be conceived. The Mandukya Upanishad declares it to be inconceivable, unthinkable and unspeakable. Yet what is so daunting in this? There are many things in ordinary life that we find unspeakable because of their ineffable grandeur, but we often attach a much deeper and stronger sense of reality to what is unspeakable than what is spoken. This is a very common experience. Certainly we did this almost constantly until we learnt to lisp and speak in the first two or three years of life. Surely, then, to make this a peculiar problem in relation to the Absolute is itself artificial. It is, in philosophy, a pseudo-problem. Because something is infinite, it does not mean that the human mind cannot set up series, find out ratios and factors, rates of change, and try to understand what is meant by the notion of the infinite.
In relation to the Absolute, we have the greatest scriptures, the most beautiful poetry which elevates our sights, our senses, our sensitivity and feelings. Though inconceivable, there is nothing that is worth conceiving other than the Absolute. And we are conceiving it all the time, because it is the root of the very process of conceiving. If it is the root of the process of conceiving, then we can see how we may get artificially caught in mental cobwebs, which is the ancient description of most human thought and language.
To deny or attempt to ignore the ubiquitous importance of the Absolute is to contradict what we know when we are asleep. Cognition of the Absolute must, by its inherent nature, only be possible to that core in us which itself is unconditional and capable of conceiving to the point where we transcend the limits of conceiving. We are capable of using words like music, which reminds us of the ever-present ground of speech, the interstices, the spaces, the silences between and within words. It is only by developing a taste for silence in sound, for the unmanifest within the manifest, for the unspoken within the spoken, the unrecorded within a world of frail and fugitive and often false recordings – that we come closer to the heartbeat that makes us human. The Absolute is characterized as the Supreme Eternal Heart of all existence because, although it is ever present, it is at the same time never fathomable by thought or word. It is closer to us than anything we can ever say or think, just as there is nothing more fundamental than the beating of the heart, and there is nothing around us that is more palpable, if only we would listen, than the beating of the cosmic heart. Great beings have always shown us how to tune ourselves to the great heart of the cosmos. That is called meditation. They are in ceaseless meditation at all times, in a state of supreme total spiritual wakefulness known as turiya. Even if most human beings, by comparison, are like lisping, faltering adolescents because of their inability to contain and continue thought and consciousness to a point where the boundaries are burst, this state of turiya is accessible to each and every person.
Just as we took a lot of trouble to learn how to walk and talk, we cannot expect, without a lot of effort, to reverse all the habits of the imprisoning sensorium and the imprisoning finitude of embodiment. We cannot develop a taste for the sheer joy of the exhilarating experience of the Absolute without earnestly availing ourselves in meditation of the finest philosophical and poetical characterizations of the Absolute. These are always found in abundance in Sanskrit literature, wherein the Absolute is seen as not only Sat and Chit, all consciousness and all reality, but Ananda, all joy – but at a level where you cannot separate any one from the others. The joy is in the Sat, the Sat is in the Ananda, the Sat and the Ananda are in the Chit. It is a ceaseless, joyous reality affirming ideation, which is only a kind of sharing of those who are the Builders, making manifestation possible and maintaining it, and Those who within that world of manifestation have transcended all barriers and become totally enlightened, more powerful than all the gods, than the Demiurge, than even the highest beings who maintain manifestation.
It is certainly possible for us, if only we would have the necessary courage, tremendous whole-heartedness and single-mindedness, to break through the fundamental illusion of form, and awaken the subtler senses. It is possible to open the doors and the avenues of true cognition by the immortal monad, which is dateless and deathless and which has little to do with any particular embodiment or any particular set of acts. At this point, we come to see that to revere the Absolute is to revere life itself. It is to revere all humanity and all that exists. It is to revere Nature itself, which through change, death and destruction ceaselessly regenerates itself. Thus, it is to revere the quintessential principle of continuity, the vital principle of self-regeneration which is as potent in every atom as in the Absolute itself.
The Absolute, to those who see it as Satchitananda, is most perceptible in the Anu, the Atom, but the atom spoken of is more fundamental than those atoms which are purely conceptual devices of modern thought. The Atman is the atom. Brahman is in the infinitesimal point of timeless, spaceless Duration-Existence, but which itself is at the heart of that which makes space and time not multi-dimensional, but actually without any dimension. This we can understand by considering the mathematics of a point, which has no extension, no length, no breadth or thickness. And this idea itself only reflects the activity of the Absolute, which ceaselessly mirrors itself in billions upon billions upon billions of points, in a transcendental manner applicable to mind or matter, to space or time, to all possible cycles and patterns of causation and to all possible worlds.
Thus it is that the greatest and the wisest beings have always known that the way to recognize and revere the Absolute is by revering the Absolute in the here and now – in every hair on every head, in every blade of grass and everything that breathes. The God beyond all gods is in every pair of eyes. Reverence for the Absolute is a whole way of life in which we totally cooperate with the eternal heartbeat of the universe, cooperate with it through spiritual breathing, mental breathing, through a certain conscious, constant, ceaseless, boundless pulsation of eternal prostration and eternal reverence. To live in this way is to dare to challenge the unknowable and to give dignity to the process of eternal knowing and learning – which is the dialogue of the soul with itself. This is true philosophy, true speech, the true dialogue of the Self with itself. We can only talk about the Absolute when we talk to the God in ourselves, and we cannot do it suddenly if we do not do it daily. Actually, we do it all the time, but we are not aware of this. But when we do it consciously, and not just with a limited notion of ourselves but with a notion of divine Selfhood that has a place for everything that exists, the whole of life becomes a dialogue with the Absolute. That dialogue becomes the life of Soul itself. The richer it is, the more rooted in the non-manifest. And when words are spoken or acts are performed, it makes them sacred and meaningful, giving them the beauty and dignity of the Divine Dance. If this, then, is our understanding of it, there is nothing which could be solely relevant to the Absolute, and at the same time there is nothing which is not so relevant.
This brings us closer, then, to the Eye of the Dangma, the Eye of the Sage, who breathes the Absolute, fully and self-consciously – who is name and form and without name and form, who is each and every other being and yet beyond all, and who sees worlds by analogy with the day and night of every being on the physical plane. In it he sees the Day and Night of worlds and universes. To him there is no difference. It is the same process. Every time the Sage sees a human being asleep, whether a baby or an old person, it is all the same. He sees all beings asleep, all worlds asleep – because the Sage is incapable of limitation through the perceptual realm. Long ago he went far beyond the unfolding of all the subtler senses, where there is simultaneous, instantaneous transmission of thought. Nothing can happen on a star which does not affect us, say the poets, and nothing could happen to a star which the Sage does not instantly feel.
We have, then, in the Sage a concept of living and breathing which so far transcends all possible human conceptions of perfection and enlightenment that no Sage could ever convey it fully by words or acts, gestures or postures. When Sages have spoken, whether it be Adi Shankara speaking of the Tattvamasi mantram, or Gautama Buddha speaking of experiencing nirvana in samsara, or K"ung Fu Tzu speaking of the Great Extreme, all they have done is essentially what we would do to children: provide pregnant analogies to make souls question and think. Above all, individuals must be encouraged to turn within themselves, wherein there is a richer experience, a greater realm of living, loving and knowing than they could ever find in the external realm. To begin to become sagely is to awaken the memory of the immortal soul, which has had myriads of parents, myriads of friends, myriads of co-workers, and to make all of that deeply, powerfully relevant to each and every moment, in each and every context.
Thus, Dakshinamurti, the Initiator of Initiates, the paradigm of all Sages, the supreme incarnation of Maheshvara, is himself unthinkable and unspeakable like the Absolute. To speak of the one is to speak of the other, which is why wise human beings use meditation upon the Guruparampara, the sacred lineage of true Sages, as a way of coming closer to the Absolute. Every child uses the help of its mother or father or an adult to learn how to walk. That is Nature's way. That is what comes naturally to the human being, and it is that which is ultimately the Only Way, the only door to greater knowledge, greater experience, profounder apprehension, deeper comprehension and, even more, to a taste or a foretaste of Satchitananda. If a person understood all of this, he or she would quickly see that to limit the unmanifest by the manifested, or the inexhaustible Absolute by any possible notion of a first cause or any particular limited God, would indeed be to limit Man. To limit Humanity, whether in terms of two thousand years or eighteen million years, would be equally irrelevant. It would truly be to deny the very visible facts of the cosmos and human life, thereby cutting oneself off from one's truest life, which is no other than the Divine Ground of the attributeless Absolute, the blissful state of silent, ceaseless contemplation (SAT-CHIT-ANANDA).
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Prep and Villa perform Mamma Mia
From Thursday, Jan. 31 to Sunday, Feb. 3, Cathedral Prep and Villa Maria Academy performed their winter musical, Mamma Mia, at the H. David Bowes Auditorium.
Over the past several years with the help of director, Father Mike DeMartinis, Prep and Villa have built a very well-known and respected theater program throughout the Erie area. The program is known for introducing shows recently previewed on Broadway that people know and want to see, such as this year’s show, Mamma Mia.
Mamma Mia was the second musical put on this school year by the Music, Visual & Performing Arts (MVP) Programs within Prep and Villa, and it was a huge hit. The Broadway show is one of the most highly recognized musicals on Broadway, as it is inspired by the very well known music of ABBA. It’s first Broadway performance was in 2000, and performance rights just became available to the public, as it was on Broadway all the way until 2015.
Mamma Mia is a very fun show that attracts people of all ages. The fun music, energetic dancing, and interesting plot catches the attention of many. The Greek island in which the play takes place is always happy as it is full of sunshine, cheer, and love. This musical is a fan favorite, as it reminds people of vacation and better times.
Matt DeMarco, a Cathedral Prep senior, went to the show on Saturday night and expressed, “It was an outstanding performance and a truly spectacular musical.” While Matt is not always a huge fan of theater, he thoroughly enjoyed all that was included in Mamma Mia, and he can’t wait to see what the MVP program can do for the spring show.
The show was a great success thanks to the countless hours put forth by the cast, orchestra, stage crew, and faculty directors. Nearly 100 students came together to form the cast and stage crew of this show and put on an outstanding performance. There were a total of four performances for the general public, and they combined to sell over 2,000 tickets. The Saturday night show was the largest crowd with a sold out performance of over 700 people. The auditorium was so packed on Saturday night and every seat was filled to the point where a few spectators were forced to sit up in the balcony.
When asked about his thoughts on the play as a whole, Andrew Samuels, who was cast as the lead character of Bill Austin said, “The casting was very good, and my character was simply a slightly exaggerated version of myself.”
The students at both Cathedral Prep and Villa Maria Academy had a lot of fun preparing for the musical as it is very upbeat and modern.
Ryan Sweny, a member of the ensemble, is new to the theater program this year. Ryan said, “It was a lot of fun, and I can’t wait for Newsies in the spring.” He wishes that he would’ve become involved in the MVP program before his senior year and encourages all underclassmen to give it a shot.
Overall the theater program at Cathedral Prep and Villa Maria Academy continues to thrive with every show and proves that it is one of the best. Mamma Mia was a huge success and very enjoyable to watch thanks to the spectacular singing and dancing. This spring Prep and Villa will be performing Newsies, and the general public expects great things.
Cathedral Prep football team receives MaxPreps Award
Prep hockey team competes in National Invitational Scholastic Showcase at Notre Dame
Prep-Villa theater close out the year with Newsies to rave reviews
Prep tennis heads to Hershey
Prep, Villa students participate in Outreach Day 2019
Prep and Villa’s Newsies The Musical to premiere Thursday night
Moe’s vs. Chipotle
Key events headline seniors’ final weeks
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The French battleship Bouvet, sunk by a mine March 18, 1915 in the Allied naval attempt to force the Dardanelles. Postmarked Cherbourg, March 11, 1907.
French battleship Bouvet, sunk by a mine in the Dardanelles, March 18, 1915 in the naval attempt to force the Dardanelles. Postmarked Cherbourg, March 11, 1907.
Marine Française, Le Bouvet
Edition Maison Ratti, Nouveautés, Cherbourg
French Navy, the Bouvet
Ratti Publishing House, Nouveautés, Cherbourg
Bouvet was a pre-Dreadnought French battleship that struck a mine and sank in the Franco-British naval attempt to force the Dardanelles on March 18, 1915.
The Allies had already destroyed the outer forts, and targeted the Turkish forts at the Narrows, 10 miles into the Dardanelles. The plan called for an initial line of British ships to begin the assault, before giving way to a second line of French ships. A third British line would relieve the French later in the day. Minesweepers would clear the minefields throughout the attack.
At 10:30 AM the first line of British ships - Agamemnon, Queen Elizabeth, Inflexible, Lord Nelson, Triumph, and Prince George - advanced into the Dardanelles on their way to their battle station about 10 miles into the Strait. Their targets were the forts of the Narrows. The ships made steady progress under fire of the forts lining the strait.
At 11:25, the British ships opened fire on the forts that lay eight miles beyond. The guns of the forts did not have the range to respond to the British attack, and were silent.
Shortly after noon, the French line of Gaulois, Charlemagne, Suffren, and Bouvet, flanked by the British ships Majestic and Swiftsure, advanced into the Dardanelles. All the Allied ships bombarded the forts till shortly before 2:00 PM when the French battleships turned to withdraw to be replaced by the third line of British warships. Turning in a bay along the Strait, the Bouvet struck a mine, one of a recently laid line parallel to the shore rather than across the strait, and unknown to the Allies. Bouvet sank in two minutes losing her captain and 639 men. At 4:11, the Inflexible struck a mine. Soon after, Irresistible struck one. The Allied fleet withdrew.
Bouvet is a battleship.
Select a different Battleship: Bouvet Breslau Emden Goeben Nassau Voltaire
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Outstanding Asian Canadian WomenMessages
AHSNB was created in 2002 to support the Government of Canada’s declaration of May as Asian Heritage Month, a time to celebrate the rich culture and contributions of Asian Canadians and to acknowledge them as full partici- pants in Canadian history.
Our mission is to fulfill the federal mandate of Asian Heritage Month in the New Brunswick context through creative storytelling, performance, and pub- lic engagement with the issues surrounding citizenship, identity, and collec- tive history. We also promote Asian Canadian heritage and performing arts through free public events featuring art, dance, music, cuisines, costumes, and any expression of traditional or contemporary Asian culture.
AHSNB is one of 16 Asian Heritage organizations across Canada, and the only such organization in Atlantic Canada. We have active chapters in Fredericton, Saint John and Moncton, and celebrate Asian Heritage Month in Miramichi through a partnership with the Miramichi Regional Multicultural Association.
As an umbrella organization for the Asian Canadian communities of New Brunswick, our members include over a dozen ethnocultural groups and as- sociations in each of our chapters’ cities. In New Brunswick, our primary Asian communities are Bhutanese-Nepali, Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Iranian, Iraqi, Japanese, Korean, Lebanese, Nepali, Pakistani, Syrian, and Vietnamese. We welcome new members and volunteers from all backgrounds, and part- nerships with schools and community organisations. If you’d like to get in- volved, get in touch!
What is AHSNB?
The Asian Heritage Society of New Brunswick (AHSNB) is a non-profit organization with members from diverse Asian Canadian communities. The society is comprised of talented and dedicated individuals who help make Asian Heritage
The major objectives of the Asian Heritage Society are as follows:
Promotion of the Federal objectives of Asian Heritage Month in New Brunswick.
Public outreach to build understanding between Canadians and Asian immigrants.
Collaboration with the Municipal Governments in Brunswick, Government of New Brunswick, Department of Education and School Districts to encourage teachers in New Brunswick to engage students with activities that foster understanding of the culture and history of Asian Canadians, and their contributions to the growth and development of Canada.
Provide Asian Canadians with the opportunity to work closely with Post-Secondary Institutions to create a curriculum in Education departments that will train future teachers to reflect Asian Canadian identity.
Create interest in smaller local communities across the Province in organizing AHM celebrations in their own cities and towns.
Who is Asian?
The definition of “Asian” may be inclusive and broad, and applies to people who come from or whose ancestors come from:
East Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan
South Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Central Asia: Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
West Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
The Asian Heritage Society of New Brunswick is committed to fostering intercultural exchange and understanding within our communities and provinces as a whole. It is our strong belief that education and cultural interchange are the key to intercultural acceptance, integration and unity.
Asian Heritage Society of New Brunswick shared a post.
"....celebrate the countless contributions and rich cultural heritage of Asian Canadian community which is, and will continue to be, a crucial part of our nation's collective identity"- PM Justin Trudeau.
Come to the Fredericton Playhouse tonight @ 7 PM. Watch Bansuri Pandya perform Indian Classical dance. She will be joined by Saint John (Vietnamese Community) and Fredericton artists (Bangladeshi, Chinese, Filipino. Indian, Lebanese and Nepali communities). The MCAF Dance Troupe will perform "Dancing around the World". See you there! Notes: Doors open at 6:30 PM. It's FREE ADMISSION ... See MoreSee Less
Asian Heritage Society of New Brunswick
Mark your calendar- May 25th, 7PM at the Fredericton Playhouse.The AHSNB invites you to a live performance of the unique dance repertoire of Bansuri Pandya. Bansuri, who will perform Indian classical dance will be joined by local artists from Asian communities as New Brunswick celebrates Canada’s Asian Heritage Month. ... See MoreSee Less
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Home Entertainment Chainsaw Editing: Visiting Author Proposes Some Edits for Charles Dickens
Chainsaw Editing: Visiting Author Proposes Some Edits for Charles Dickens
Meeting a personal idol can be nerve-wracking. No matter how realistic you try to be, you’ve already made some assumptions or furnished some personality traits which you hope that person will have, be it a sense of humor or a way of speaking. Inevitably, this person will not match up with your expectations, but you may find that they can surprise you in a positive way.
Author Mary Doria Russell recently traveled to Anchorage for an event hosted by Friends of the Library. This advocacy group which helps promote good works of the library, provide financial support, and organize events like book sales and author presentations. As the Wilda Marston Theater at Loussac Libary slowly filled, you could hear the murmur of attendees swapping stories about which books of Russell’s they loved, and which they looked forward to reading.
I read The Sparrow, my first book by Russell, on my moving-to-Alaska flight. It was a dog-eared copy given to me by a co-worker who thought I might enjoy it. In fact, I don’t remember the plane ride because I was so engrossed in the story of group of space travelers sent by a religious sect to answer a broadcast from another world. Or, as Russell would describe it, “Jesuits in space.” Acknowledging that she didn’t make it easy for people to describe the book, Russell offered, “It’s science fiction, but it’s really really classy science fiction. It’s got Latin and everything.”
Russell wrote The Sparrow and its companion, Children of God, before the most recent turn of the century. She has followed those forays into science fiction with three historical novels ranging in topic from the Italian Resistance in World War II to T.E. Lawrence (of Arabia) and the Cairo Peace Conference to Doc Holliday and Wyatt Earp. Russell explains, “I have a very low tolerance for boredom.”
Russell is a slight, energetic woman who easily weaves humor and compassion into her speech. She talked earnestly about the interesting life of Dr. John Henry “Doc” Holliday, and all that he was in addition to being at “a 30-second gunfight behind a tailor shop.” For one, he was the recipient of what was likely the first cleft-palette corrective surgery in North America. For another, Holliday was an almost-fully licensed dentist by the age of 20 (he had to wait until he was 21-years-old before he could start practicing). By the age of 22, Holliday was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Russell sets her story Doc five years later, when Holliday set up his dental practice in Dodge City, Kansas. Russell says Holliday was well-loved by his mother, who kept him alive in an era where children with cleft-palettes often died within a few weeks of birth. Since he didn’t have a mother to care for him as adult, Russell says this book was her way of caring for “him as my own.”
Listening to Russell talk about Doc Holliday, you get a real sense of the enthusiasm she has for her work. Holding a doctorate in biological anthropology, she gets to put her research training to good use. “The research is often comfort to me,” explains Russell, and her goal is that “almost no readers will know more about this than I do.” She says she enjoys the writing process, too, but her real passion lies in editing.
No, you read that right. Editing. Russell loves to edit. She even enjoys editing her own writing.
“When you’ve got a complete draft from start to finish—and I edit all the way along, I’m constantly churning as I write—but when there’s a complete story that I know ‘Okay, it worked, and now I can only make it better and better. Get that out. That doesn’t have to be here. This seemed like a good idea at the time but we don’t need that anymore.’ I call it Texas Chainsaw Editing.” She says every word has to justify itself, “or it has to go.”
That’s stern advice for any writer to take to heart. Russell isn’t satisfied to stick to editing her own material, either. Citing trouble slogging through the work of Charles Dickens, Russell mentioning that she is working on a forthcoming, edited-down version of A Tale of Two Cities, “Because…damn.”
Russell is also a recent escapee of the election battleground that took over her home state of Ohio.
“Ohio has been ground zero for every nasty political ad. We have been unable to use our telephone for the last six months.” Russell said that with the end of the election, she was feeling a little neglected. “I don’t know that anyone loves us anymore. We’ve cast our voted and I don’t think that anyone will be calling us anymore. We have to get used to the silence now [laughs].”
Russell says Ohio being such a point of contention in the race was a big responsibility, and “we really did feel like we were taking one for the nation.”
It’s safe to say that the opportunity to meet one of my favorite authors did not disappoint. Russell took the time to sign every book put in front of her and to speak individually with everyone who stood in line, even if it was just to tell her an engineering joke. And even though she had an early morning flight, she borrowed a pen because she already had a chapter for the next book in her head just waiting to get out.
chainsaw editing
charles dicken
cleft-palette
dr. john henry holliday
Loussac Library
mary doria russell
tale of two cities
the sparrow
wilda marston theater
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Nithya Thiru November 29, 2012 at 12:48 am
Whoa there. Editing down Charles Dickens is not cool. Love, love, love my beaten up copy of Tale of Two Cities.
Jeremia November 30, 2012 at 12:03 pm
Great piece, Heather!
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...where tradition embraces the future.
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Swing Into Spring 2019
2017 WinnersWMC2018-01-03T14:43:11-05:00
On Saturday, May 13, 2017, the Women’s Musical Club of Winnipeg held its annual scholarship auditions at the Eva Clare Hall, at the University of Manitoba. The day was filled with many commendable performances from all 30 young Manitoba artists! The WMC congratulates the following winners:
WMC Scholarship $3,000 – Andrea Lett– Soprano
WMC Scholarship $2,500 – Kristy Tucker – Bassoon
Madeleine Gauvin Scholarship $2,000 – Paul Williamson – Piano
Holtby Scholarship – $1,500 – Yufei Liu – Violin
Berythe Birse Scholarship – $1000 – Nolan Powell – Guitar
The WMC scholarship program has been a feature of the Women’s Musical Club mandate since 1915. Hundreds of young musicians have won these scholarships over the years, and many have gone on to achieve international acclaim. The names of the winners and the amounts of the awards are listed in a brochure which is updated yearly.
The five winners will perform and receive their scholarship cheques at the annual WMC Scholarship Winners’ Recital that will be held at 7:00 pm on Thursday, December 28th, 2017 at the Winnipeg Art Gallery. The public is invited to attend and be treated to an evening of amazing music from these talented Manitoban performers! Tickets are available through our online ticketing on our website – through a subscription or purchase of individual tickets, or at the door. Students $5 at the door only.
2017 WMC Scholarship Winners – (left to right) – December 28th 2017
Andrea Lett – soprano; Kristy Tucker – bassoon; Paul Williamson – piano; Yufei Liu – violin;
Nolan Powell – guitar
Praised for her “sweet sincerity” and her “clear voice soaring to stratospheric heights” (Opera Canada, 2015) soprano Andrea Lett is thrilled to be part of the vibrant music scene in Winnipeg. Originally from Prince Albert SK, Lett finished her undergrad in Music at the University of Manitoba studying with Monica Huisman and completed her Masters in Opera at the University of Toronto in 2016 studying with Mary Morrison. Andrea was a recent finalist in the Canadian Opera Company’s 2016 Centre Stage Gala Competition, and her versatile tone has allotted her a variety of roles – from Cendrillon to Queen of the Night. Upcoming engagements include Santa Fe’s 2017 Young Artist Apprentice Singer Program and Calgary Opera’s 2017/2018 Emerging Artist Program.
Kristy Tucker earned a Bachelor’s of Music degree from the University of Manitoba, recently completed her Master’s of Music degree at McGill University and will be continuing her graduate studies at Yale University in the fall of 2017. Winner of numerous competitions, Kristy has been featured as a soloist with the University of Manitoba Wind ensemble twice, and has been awarded such scholarships as: The Women’s Musical Club of Winnipeg “Holtby” scholarship, Schulich scholarships, and numerous grants from her schools of study. She has been invited to attend summer programs such as the National Youth Orchestra of Canada (2014 & 2015), the Young Artists’ Program at the National Arts Centre, and Scotia Festival of music. Kristy will be returning to NYO Canada for the summer of 2017 as an Award of Excellence fellow.
Paul Williamson is in his third year of studies at the University of Manitoba, pursuing a Bachelor of Music in Piano Performance under David Moroz. He is a first place winner of both the piano category of the national music festival (2014) and the Canadian Federation of Music Teachers’ Association national piano competition (2017). He has performed as soloist with the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, the University of Manitoba Symphony Orchestra, the Abbotsford Youth Orchestra, and the Fraser Valley Symphony Orchestra with whom he will be a returning performer later in the 2016-2017 season.
Yufei Liu, a violinist, from Beijing-China, is currently studying at the University of Manitoba -Faculty of Music for the Master degree. He started to play violin from age four, and he went to the middle school of Beijing Central conservatory of music in Beijing when he was twelve. In 2009, He went to England to study at Birmingham Conservatoire with full scholarship. He has studied with Oleg Pokhanovski, Susanne Stanzeilet, Chris Anstey, and Ming Jin. He has also had many Master Classes with great musicians for the study of solo playing and chamber music, such as Alina Ibragimova, Maciej Rakowski, Krysia Osostowicz, Leland Chen, Yaoji Lin, Simon Smith, Nathaniel Vallois, Pierre Doumenge, etc.
As a soloist, He has given many recitals and concerts in China, England and Canada. He was the Winner of UM‘s Concerto Competition in 2014 and played Beethoven violin concerto with University of Manitoba Symphony Orchestra in 2015. In 2016, Yufei had been invited to perform in the New Year Eve concert in Luo Yang, China.
He is also a very experienced Orchestra Players. He started to play in the China National Youth Orchestra and China national Youth chamber Orchestra from age fifteen to eighteen. And also he was the concertmaster of Birmingham Conservatoire Symphony Orchestra, and Concertmaster of University of Manitoba Symphony Orchestra.
Yufei Liu has also played many chamber music. He was the first violin of the vellen ensemble when he was residing in England, they issued an Album of classical chamber music by Haydn and Mozart recorded in January 2013. They were also the finalists of the chamber music competition of Birmingham chamber music society.
Nolan Powell displayed passion for music at a young age but became immersed in sport throughout his childhood and teenage years. This pushed music out of the picture and it was not until the age of seventeen that he began to study music and classical guitar seriously. In just a six month period Nolan prepared an audition program for the Desautels Faculty of Music at the University of Manitoba and was accepted to study classical guitar at the undergraduate level. Since then Nolan has completed bachelor degrees in music and education and in the past five years has been a finalist in the annual Lawrence Genser and Concerto competitions at the U of M. Most notably, Nolan has placed second at the FCMF National Competition as a soloist and as a chamber musician with classical guitar group Trio Déz. Nolan was also the 2017 recipient of the Len Hew Trophy and Bursary through the Winnipeg Music Festival and is an active member of the Winnipeg Classical Guitar Society. In the near future, Nolan plans to pursue guitar performance at the graduate level and aspires to one day find a career in line with his passion for pedagogy and music.
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Rick Lowe is an artist whose community-based practice led him, along with six other artists, to found Project Row Houses (PRH), where he currently works as Founding Director, an organization that has transformed a neglected neighborhood in Houston into an expansive and visionary public art project. PRH, which started on a block and a half of derelict properties, is now an internationally recognized arts venue and community support center focused on transforming the community while preserving its culture. Among his honors are the Rudy Bruner Award in Urban Excellence, the AIA Keystone Award, the Heinz Award in the arts and humanities, Loeb Fellow at Harvard University, Mel King Fellow at MIT, Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture Governors Award, Skandalaris Award for Art/Architecture, and USA Artists Booth Fellow. For his vision and effort, President Barack Obama appointed Lowe to the National Council on the Arts in 2013, and Lowe was named a MacArthur Fellow in the class of 2014.
Rick Lowe's Posts
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Kodak’s Sell-Off of Digital Imaging Patents Gets the Green Light
Kodak Headquarters in Rochester, New York | Wikipedia
Judge Allan Gropper, the bankruptcy judge who’s overseeing Kodak’s sell-off of its digital imaging patents, has given the go signal to sell the intellectual property to a group of companies. These companies include Apple, Google, Microsoft, and other known tech firms.
Kodak on Selling Off its Digital Imaging Patents
Last Friday, Judge Gropper approved the terms of sales for Kodak’s collection of 1,100 patents. These patents are said to be related with the capture and display of digital images. Meanwhile, the sell-off will bring the former photography giant’s bankruptcy proceeding one step closer to resolution.
It was reported in December of 2012 than a consortium led by Apple put in a winning bid of $525 million for the patent licenses rights. However, Friday’s court hearing unveils that the actual sales price is slightly higher at $527 million.
Kodak’s $830 million loan package required them to net at least $500 million from the sale. It is said that initial hopes were to garner at least $2 billion from the patent auction. As stated by the company’s lawyer Michael Torkin:
The amount in the transactions, which are complicated and integrated, are the highest and best value available to the debtors.
Although the presiding judge called the final price “disappointing,” Judge Gropper noted that the much-needed money will help Kodak proceed with their restructuring plans. This will aid the company to be freed from bankruptcy with a new look targeting commercial customers.
Kodak: Decline and Bidding of Intellectual Properties
During its decline, Kodak was forced to sell many of its core businesses, like its camera sector pioneered in 1900 with the Brownie Box camera and attached film development service.
When bidding for the company’s digital imaging patents started last July 2012, Apple and Google led two separate teams. However, the consortia were prompted to rearrange their alliances due to less-than-adequate offers.
As AMOG previously reported, Intellectual Ventures and RPX Corporation organized a total of 12 IP licensees, which include Apple and Google. Based on the terms of agreement, each licensee will receive rights with respect to the imaging company’s digital imaging patent portfolio and other IPs.
Apple and Microsoft backed the Intellectual Ventures bid, while RPX Corporation had the support of Google, LG, and HTC.
Aside from the mentioned companies, also included in the group of winning bidders are Adobe, Amazon, Facebook, Fujifilm, HTC, Huawei Technologies, Research In Motion, Samsung, and Shutterfly.
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Home » Ranil waiting to Chandrika for her misdeeds
Ranil waiting to Chandrika for her misdeeds
[b]Ranil waiting to Chandrika for her misdeeds[/b]
From our Colombo Correspondent
Colombo, 12 September, (Asiantribune.com): According to informed political sources the UNP has put into operation a subtle campaign to lull President Chandrika Kumaratunga into a false sense of security, with Ranil Wickremesinghe promising her a role in his regime if elected. This is a calculated move to pit her against Mahinda Rajapakse in the hope of weakening the formidable alliance behind him.
Political observers also note that she is wooing the UNP in a big way. She is attempting to hedge her bets in case Wickremesinghe wins the election, they state. Accompanied by Mervyn de Silva, known more for his attacks on the media and his son’s attack on the Police, she called on the residence of Malik Samarawickrema, the President of the UNP, ostensibly to pay her respects to his mother who had passed away. But the meeting ended in an animated discussion on Mahinda Rajapakse’s alliance with the JVP.
Whether her tactics can buy the loyalty of Wickremesinghe is in doubt because he has consistently made use of those who supported him and dumped them once he gains office. According to informed sources Ranil Wickremesinghe is playing a divide and rule game. These sources indicated that he is biding his time to do to her what his uncle J. R. Jayewardene did to her mother, Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike: appoint a commission (a favourite political tactic of both uncle and nephew) and deprive her of her political rights. According to UNP sources Wickremesinghe has a dossier on her to indict her on charges of corruption and violations of human rights, including the stripping of women and forcing them to walk in the streets in the Wyamba election.
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Japan Airlines Establishes Corporate Venture Capital Fund
Japan Airlines has established a Corporate Venture Capital Fund (CVC) firm, it has called Japan Airlines Innovation Fund.
The company will look to invest in startup companies around the globe that will help JAL "to create new values that are one step ahead of its competitors", a target raised in JAL`s Medium Term Management Plan 2018.
According to JAL, the objectives of the firm are as follows:
1) Enhance products and services;
2) Expand business domains; and
3) Create a foundation for creative innovation opportunities for employees.
The Japan Airlines Innovation Fund has been registered as: Japan Airlines & TransLink Innovation Fund, L.P. with an investment of US$ 70 million (approx 8 billion Japanese Yen). The fun manager, TransLink Capital, has offices in the US, Beijing, Seoul, Taipei and Tokyo.
See latest HD Video Interviews, Podcasts and other news regarding: JAL, Venture, Capital.
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« Invoking the Magnitsky Act
If only it were an attempt to get away from patriarchal language »
If only they’d agreed to kill SOME people
Oct 10th, 2018 | By Ophelia Benson
Well that’s disgraceful.
The US is one of just 13 countries to have voted against a United Nations resolution condemning the death penalty for having gay sex.
Although the vote passed, America joined countries such as China, Iraq and Saudi Arabia in opposing the move.
The Human Rights Council resolution condemned the “imposition of the death penalty as a sanction for specific forms of conduct, such as apostasy, blasphemy, adultery and consensual same-sex relations”.
Ah so maybe it wasn’t the same-sex relations part that was the problem, maybe it was blasphemy and apostasy. Trump does pretend to be goddy these days.
Despite America’s opposition, the vote in Geneva passed with 27 of the 47-member Human Rights Council in favour.
There are currently six countries where the death penalty is used for people in same-sex relationships: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen, Nigeria and Somalia. This number rises to eight if the Isis-occupied territories of Iraq and Syria are included.
Good company.
Heather Nauert, State Department spokesperson, told The Independent: “The headlines, reporting and press releases on this issue are misleading. As our representative to the Human Rights Council in Geneva said on Friday, the United States is disappointed to have to vote against this resolution. We had hoped for a balanced and inclusive resolution that would better reflect the positions of states that continue to apply the death penalty lawfully, as the United States does.
“The United States voted against this resolution because of broader concerns with the resolution’s approach in condemning the death penalty in all circumstances and calling for its abolition.”
Still disgusting.
The chance to repent and escape being beheaded
Greetings, Fox, here are the keys to the henhouse
Saudi Arabia demands criminalization of everything
One assumes Saudi authorities will not arrange a visit
Russia gets the boot
4 Responses to “If only they’d agreed to kill SOME people”
Somehow I doubt the Donald would support the death penalty for adultery. He might be okay with the rest.
“….apply the death penalty lawfully”? As if that made that barbaric practice acceptable.
No mentioning any names, I can think of one country where the state hasn’t killed anyone for 50 Years. No, it’s not a typo. I’m sure there are others where it’s 50+.
Acolyte of Sagan
RJW, 1964 saw Britains last execution, although the death penalty wasn’t abolished until 1998. There is a common but mistaken belief in Britain that high treason* still carries the death sentence. Get into a discussion about capital punishment over here and it’s guaranteed that one will very soon hear “Actually, it wasn’t completely abolished, treason is still drone drone drone’
*Some will also claim that piracy on the high seas and burning ships in ‘the Royal dockyards’ will also see one hanged.
Shouldn’t Iran be on that list too? Of course any number of states may delegate the murder of gay citizens to extra-judicial, ‘traditional’ bodies. Or conceal the motive by sentencing the victims under euphemistic terms.
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At Sobeys in Nova Scotia, lights, motors…and going green
By Chris Dart | March 15, 2013
Last fall not-for-profit Efficiency Nova Scotia handed out its “Bright Business Awards,” recognizing companies in Nova Scotia that have been leaders in finding ways to be more energy efficient.
Among those receiving awards was Sobeys, which has managed to cut its power usage by roughly 4,900,000 kw/h per year since starting an efficiency program at its stores in the province in 2009.
In an industry where profit margins are notoriously slim, cutting energy usage isn’t just the right thing to do from an environmental perspective, it also makes financial sense.
“We’re always trying to look for where the opportunities are to both save money and use less power, which is good for the environment and good for the bottom line,” Keith Ross (photo above), senior manager of maintenance and sustainability for Sobeys Atlantic.
In Sobeys case, the introduction of LED lights and more efficient freezer and refrigerator cases, as well as better use of natural light in the stores, has worked out to a savings of roughly $500,000 annually across the province.
Efficiency Nova Scotia is an independent corporation (founded in 2009 following an act by the provincial legislature) that provides financial incentives for people and companies to cut their electricity use. Stephen Crane is a business development manager with Efficiency Nova Scotia, and was the liaison with Sobeys. He says helping Sobeys become more efficient require a two-pronged approach.
“We have an instant rebate approach, where if you buy a certain product, you get an instant rebate without any type of evaluation,” Crane said. “We’d just have a person go out and say ‘OK, you have this many LED refrigerator lights’ Or we’d do a custom project, which would be like an energy efficient light retrofit. Those projects are a little larger in scope.”
Crane said that Sobeys has become an industry leader in energy efficiency thanks in no small part to the leadership of Ross. “He’s always asking ‘Can we get more efficient refrigeration, efficient lighting?’ Sobeys brought a lot of these ideas forward.’ ”
Ross says most of the changes needed weren’t particularly drastic, but included things like a move to LED case lights, rather than fluorescent, lighting retrofits, variable speed HVAC units and automatic sensors on the heaters in glass doors.
“When the humidity and heat is such inside the building that you have issues with condensation, the doors have heaters on them, he said. “But at certain times of the year, you don’t need them. They go on and off automatically now.”
One of the changes Ross was most impressed with was the move to LED case lights. Not only do the lights use less energy they regular lights, they don’t generate heat either, which helps save on refrigeration costs. “It’s a simple thing,” he says
He adds that working with Efficiency Nova Scotia has made it very easy for Sobeys to meet their energy saving goals.
“The ease of the program is great. It’s very simple to use, very simple to get a response back from them,” he says. “You make a decision and it’s easy to move forward with it.”
Ross says that when Sobeys started this initiative back in 2008, things like energy efficient cases were much rarer than they are today.
“LED case lights and energy efficient motors, which were options on products when we started this, have become standard now,” he says. “You would be hard pressed to order a case now with regular motors.”
Clearing up food date label confusion
The Consumer Goods Forum and Champions 12.3 are calling for companies worldwide to simplify food date labels by 2020 in an effort to reduce food waste
The holidays have Skittles in giving mood
Sobeys parent company’s profit falls by more than 50%
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Princess Cruises' "Fantastic Journey" Production Show Honored with Prestigious Thea Award for Outstanding Achievement
SANTA CLARITA, Calif., Nov. 14, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Princess Cruises guests boast rave reviews for the high-tech, mesmerizing theatrical show "Fantastic Journey," with its elaborate costumes and state-of-the-art multimedia technology. Now, the Themed Entertainment Association (TEA) is honoring "Fantastic Journey" with its Thea Award of Outstanding Achievement, as recently announced at the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions Expo in Orlando.
The Thea Awards were created by the Themed Entertainment Association (TEA) to help realize a key mission of the association: bringing recognition to achievement, talent and personal excellence within the themed entertainment industry. TEA's Thea Awards Nominating Committee recommends the slate of awards recipients each year after an extensive selection and evaluation process. The TEA International Board of Directors gives final approval to the slate of recipients. The Thea Awards Committee is a themed entertainment industry "who's who" of professionals who have distinguished themselves and been celebrated for leadership, creativity and innovation.
The long-standing collaboration between Princess Cruises' Creative Director Kerry Lovegrove and "American Idol's" Danny Teeson was critical to the incredible success of "Fantastic Journey". With high-tech, lavish musical numbers, Teeson and Lovegrove created a stunning visual show produced exclusively for the launch of Majestic Princess and now also performed aboard Caribbean Princess. Featuring an all-star cast, the show combines the music of today's superstars with spectcaular special effects, high-flying aerialists, and the first use of drones in a show at sea. A "Fantastic Journey" trailer is can be viewed here: https://youtu.be/0SW-qdkSSLo.
"'Fantastic Journey' propels guests into a contemporary and immersive experience unlike anything done before at sea that is now enjoyed by our guests cruising to destinations all over the world," said Denise Saviss, Princess Cruises vice president of entertainment experience. "We're honored our creativity and commitment to deliver an entertainment experience completely different and memorable is being recognized by the notable Themed Entertainment Association with this award."
"Fantastic Journey" premiered in Shanghai in spring of 2017 onboard Majestic Princess, which immediately caught the attention of the entire cruise industry given both the scale and technical complexity of this custom-designed show. The show features a tremendous cast of talented singers and dancers, supported by production stage staff. Show highlights include various layers of LED and projection mapped elements, along with LED programmable costumes, epic audio design, beautiful lighting and projection mapped imagery which interacted with the performers.
The TEA Thea Awards Committee wrote, "'Fantastic Journey' sets a new standard in cruise ship entertainment by the creation of an epic concert of exceptional proportions and production values aboard the Majestic Princess. It reflects Princess Cruises' in-depth understanding of their market's tastes, style, and preferences, combined with a high sensitivity to the need for best-in-class leisure experiences."
"Fantastic Journey" will be recognized at a black-tie gala TEA event at Disneyland in Anaheim, Calif., with more than 1,000 guests from around the world to honor the best projects and attractions each year on April 13, 2019.
More details about "Fantastic Journey" and several other award-winning productions and entertainment offerings onboard Princess Cruises are available by visiting the company's website at www.princess.com/entertainment.
About TEA
The TEA (Themed Entertainment Association) is an international nonprofit membership association for the creators of compelling places and experiences. TEA was founded in 1991 and is based in Burbank, Calif. (TEA is celebrating its 25th anniversary.) Nearly 1,600 TEA members represent roughly 12,000 creative specialists, from architects to designers, technical specialists to master planners, scenic fabricators to artists, and builders to feasibility analysts working in 30 US states and 40 different countries. TEA presents the annual Thea Awards and the TEA Summit and hosts the annual SATE Conference series. TEA also produces a variety of print and electronic publications, including the highly respected international industry resource, the TEA/AECOM Theme Index. www.teaconnect.org
About Princess Cruises
One of the best-known names in cruising, Princess Cruises is a global premium cruise line and tour company operating a fleet of 17 modern cruise ships, carrying two million guests each year to 380 destinations around the globe, including the Caribbean, Alaska, Panama Canal, Mexican Riviera, Europe, South America, Australia/New Zealand, the South Pacific, Hawaii, Asia, Canada/New England and World Cruises. A team of professional destination experts has created more than 150 award-winning itineraries, ranging in length from three to 111 days and Princess Cruises has been continuously recognized as "Best Cruise Line for Itineraries."
Princess Cruises continues its multi-year, "Come Back New Promise" – a $450 million-dollar product innovation and cruise ship renovation campaign that will continue to enhance the line's onboard guest experience. These enhancements result in more moments of awe, lifetime memories and meaningful stories for guests to share from their cruise vacation. The product innovations include partnerships with award-winning Chef Curtis Stone; engaging entertainment inspired shows with Broadway-legend Stephen Schwartz; immersive activities for the whole family from Discovery and Animal Planet that include exclusive shore excursions to onboard activities; the ultimate sleep at sea with the award-winning Princess Luxury Bed and much more.
Three new Royal-class ships are currently on order with the next new ship, Sky Princess, under construction scheduled for delivery in October 2019 and Enchanted Princess in 2020. Princess recently announced that two new (LNG) ships which will be the largest ships in the Princess fleet, accommodating approximately 4,300 guests with expected delivery in 2023 and 2025. Princess now has five ships arriving over the next six years between 2019 & 2025. The company is part of Carnival Corporation & plc (NYSE/LSE: CCL; NYSE:CUK).
Negin Kamali, 661-753-1539, nkamali@princesscruises.com
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Penrice Castle
Penrice Castle Photo - Robert Edwards - Wikipedia - lic. under CC BY-SA 2.0
Location: Penrice, Swansea, Wales.
Condition: Intact
Ownership / Access: Methuen-Campbell family.
Notes: Penrice Castle is the 13th century successor to a strong ringwork to the southeast, known as the Mountybank. It was built by the de Penrice family who were originally given land at Penrice for their part in the Norman conquest of Gower. The last de Penrice married a Mansel in 1410 and so the castle and its lands passed to the Mansel family. The Mansels later bought Margam Abbey, which they made their main seat while retaining their Gower lands. In the 17th century the castle was damaged in the English civil war. The stone castle is a large, very irregular hexagon with a round keep on the west side, to which were attached two other towers and a partial mantlet or chemise wall. At the northwest corner is a twin square towered gatehouse with another tower in the interior. The ground falls away steeply on the north, east, south and southwest sides, where there are various other turrets, though not very scientifically disposed. The whole structure is now in a dangerous condition, but the south wall can be seen from the footpath that runs past the 18th-century mansion on the estate (51.5742°N 4.1707°W), immediately to the south. The mansion, built in the 1770s by the neo-classical architect Anthony Keck for Thomas Mansel Talbot (1747-1813) of Margam and Penrice, is itself Grade I listed and one of the finest country houses in Wales. The surrounding park is also Grade I listed and was laid out by William Emes, a student of Capability Brown, in c. 1773-76, while the mansion was built. The mansion was built to house Thomas Mansel Talbot's collection of antiquities and works of art. He visited Italy between 1769 and 1773 and bought antiquities from Thomas Jenkins, Gavin Hamilton and Giambattista Piranesi, which included a Minerva with bronze helmet and a funerary monument (now in the Courtauld Institute, London). He also bought modern furniture by Albacini and Valadier, and contemporary sculpture by Johan Tobias Sergel and commissioned busts of himself and Pope Clement XIV from Christopher Hewetson (the latter is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London), as well as acquiring paintings by Rembrandt and Hackert and drawings by Poussin. His collections were shipped from Italy in 1772 and 1775 and put on display after his marriage in 1792. A large part of the collection was later transferred to Margam Castle and was sold at auction in 1941. Information about the Penrice household and family in 1799-1806 and after appears in the published diaries and correspondence of the Scottish-born governess Agnes Porter. The mansion is now lived in by the Methuen-Campbell family, who are direct descendants of the de Penrice family.
Penrice Castle Links:
Penrice Castle On Wikipedia
ecastles
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Home | Business in Action | Municipal | Lloydminster
Canada’s Border City
The City of Lloydminster is renowned for having an exceedingly unique geographic characteristic that no other town or city can boast anywhere in Canada. No, it’s not a large mountain range or a deep cavernous canyon or a mesmerizing waterfall or a chinook high in the sky, but rather it’s the only municipality to officially straddle two provincial borders while having one single local government administration.
Located at the midpoint of Saskatchewan and Alberta from a north-west perspective, Lloydminster and its 31,483 residents can be found 275km west of Saskatoon and 250km east of Edmonton. The unusual geographic phenomenon has brought a great deal of notoriety to the city.
The majority of Saskatchewan does not observe daylight savings time during the summer months, instead remaining on Central Standard Time all year. However, the entire province of Alberta does invoke daylight saving time, so Lloydminster’s charter allows the city to follow Alberta on both sides of the provincial border in order to keep the city properly synchronized. After all, it wouldn’t make a whole lot of sense if those on the east side of the city were an hour ahead of those on the west. The only other city in Canada with a somewhat similar situation is Flin Flon, Manitoba, where a small section of land is located within Saskatchewan; however, it is completely governed by Manitoba.
The Canadian Business Journal recently had the opportunity to speak with Lloydminster Mayor Rob Saunders and Lloydminster Economic Development CEO Ward Read about the many interesting dynamics that can be found in their city.
“We like to portray it as being part of two of Canada’s hottest provinces in the economies of Alberta and Saskatchewan,” Saunders tells us. “About 20,000 residents are on the Alberta side and about 11,000 on the Saskatchewan side.”
There is a seamless municipal government with a charter that is a common platform of reference of legislation for both provinces for the City of Lloydminster with six city councillors and the mayor. One of the first questions people ask when hearing about such a unique municipal setup is how the city and provincial taxes are dealt with.
“We have no PST here as far as provincial sales tax because it would be totally unfair to other businesses in the community and it’s also unfair to the recipients and the taxpayers,” Saunders remarks. “As far as provincial taxes, it still applies and municipal taxes are a blanket. It’s seamless in that respect, so whether you’re in Alberta or Saskatchewan we use the Alberta assessment tax process so it’s fair to everyone that’s in the community.”
The hospital in Lloydminster and is located on the Saskatchewan side of the border, and is administered by the Saskatchewan Health Ministry in cooperation with the Alberta Health Ministry as well.
“We’re in the stages of a memorandum of understanding that tries to break down the services, so what we’re looking for is to establish ongoing services for Lloydminster that would be no different from any Saskatchewan or Alberta entity and that’s what the residents should expect – services that are very similar to anybody else in either province,” Saunders offers.
Lloydminster is quite diversified in its business offerings, but the petroleum and agriculture industries are at notably at the pinnacle with respect to individual sectors that drive the local economy. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. Consequently, many farmers in the region have been financially compensated through lease payments resulting from oil wells being drilled on their land. The income derived from those leases has assisted in the farmers in sustaining their agriculture business.
“Based upon a number of assessments, including those from the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) those types of employment and industry activity in energy will certainly continue to be growing over the next 15 to 20 years,” adds Read. “In the recent past, Lloydminster’s involvement in the sector has actually outpaced both provinces Alberta and Saskatchewan in energy employment growth.”
Husky operates three large-scale refinery plants in the region including the bi-provincial upgrader which can produce in the neighbourhood of 80,000 barrels per day. They also operate an asphalt refinery which produces about 28,000 barrels per day as well as an ethanol facility.
“On the agriculture side, we certainly have a lot of primary production in and around our area and we’ve been seeing a fair bit of investment into supporting industries or even some value-added production,” Read notes. “I can cite specifically Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) has recently opened Canada’s largest bio-diesel production facility here in Lloydminster.”
Aside from the economic pillars, a number of other sectors of the economy continue to grow in the city including the likes of retail, construction and transportation. Heavy oil is the primary resource but it doesn’t pipeline right off the bat; it needs to be upgraded, so there has been significant growth in oil by rail. Additionally, agricultural commodities also move well by both rail and truck. Further to that, construction is also making tremendous inroads for the economy as well.
“Construction has really been booming and in fact over the last five years we’ve seen about 14.5% year over year growth in building permits in the city,” Read states. “There’s investment in residential housing units and also commercial and industrial buildings as well.”
“We consider ourselves to be the heavy oil capital of Canada,” Saunders proudly states.
“The major corporate capital investment that some of the large producers have made into this community and region, such as Husky Energy, has been quite substantial and with the application of new technologies being applied to existing fields and to the enhancement of production in the new drill completes and steam assisted gravity and all the other technology that’s been produced – a lot of it right here in the Lloydminster region – we will only continue to prosper from the benefit of that industry. “
Agriculture is also showing continuous progressive traits in the community with ADM just finishing major expansions, adding new rail and transportation capacity. It’s not only oil and gas with their trans-load facilities, it’s also agriculture with their trucks and trailers and rail transport. Being on the TransCanada Yellowhead Highway and also the Highway 17 north-south corridor makes Lloydminster an ideal hub for commodities being transferred in all directions throughout Canada and beyond.
“I call them the two golden corridors because the commerce that is derived up and down those two major highways is phenomenal,” Saunders says. “We really are a transportation hub. Looking at the statistical data from the service support sector or the franchise sector in retail and such, we’re probably in the top 10 in the country in every one of those entities.”
Prosperity and diversity are quite evident in the city. In addition to a desirable economic climate, Lloydminster offers a reasonable cost of living with a focus on quality of life. You can enjoy all the amenities of large urban centers while living in a comfortable, livable community without the hustle and bustle of the big city.
“For a community of 31,000 we act as if we’re much, much bigger because of factors such as not having to implement Saskatchewan’s provincial sales tax and the fact that in Lloydminster and our surrounding communities income levels tend to be significantly above that of both our provinces and Canada as a whole,” Read adds.
Lakeland College is a publicly-funded, highly-respected post-secondary institution with two campuses in Vermilion and Lloydminster serving about 7,500 students. It’s also Canada’s only inter-provincial college and has been since it’s inception in 1975. There is a long list of programs available to students, including the trades, such as carpentry, welding, drafting, design and others. There are also university transfer classes, a large business faculty and nurses training just to name a few.
“The college is derived from catering to the job requirements that are needed from the businesses and corporations so they deliver the programs that are needed for the labour base and skill base that is needed for the business community,” Saunders says. “It’s been a successful formula and continues to grow. We’re just opening a new $20 million energy centre.”
The community is also proud of the fact it is self sufficient from the point of view that it’s a great place to grow up and then raise a family without having to move away, as is the case in many towns and cities. There are many different business opportunities that make staying in the community an attractive proposition.
“Our city council has been very proactive at establishing a reasonable Mill Rate Factor for the commercial and industrial tax base,” Saunders offers. “It’s been part of the enticement to establish corporate identities for business and industry. Of course when there are jobs available it creates opportunities for people and when they come here they find they are employable very quickly. Our household income is very high and the expendable income is one of the highest in western Canada.”
Thriving Community Spirit
What makes Lloydminster’s success story even more pronounced is that the average age on the Alberta side of the city is just 32 and 27 on the Saskatchewan side, making Lloydminster the second-youngest average population base in Alberta behind only Grand Prairie, which has an average median age of 31. With so many young residents, Saunders, Read and other executives from the city have made a conscious effort to provide incentives to keep that demographic strong.
“Lloydminster has many amenities of a larger city,” Saunders continues. “Once people establish themselves here they very rarely leave because they’ve become fully engaged. And it’s not only the work, it’s the play and the culture. We try and address some diversity for everyone.”
There is also a large push in the tourism sector centred on events’ hosting such as The Oil Show and the city has obtained the rights from Hockey Canada to host the 2016 RBC Cup, the national junior hockey championship. On a related note, the Lloydminster Bobcats is a community-owned Jr. A hockey team that provides a great sense of pride for the community.
“They’re building their team for the RBC Cup run and we just came off Hockey Day in Canada earlier this year, which spurred a lot of interest for hosting another event and so the application was made,” Saunders says. “The Lloydminster Economic Development Corporation in conjunction with the Bobcats and many community volunteers put together a compelling bid for the popular sporting event.”
For golfing enthusiasts, there is a city-owned course that consistently ranks in the top two or three in all of Saskatchewan about 15 within an hour’s drive. As one would expect given the geographic location, there are many recreational options for families to enjoy throughout the region. The city is just 40 minutes from the North Saskatchewan River, which is a beautiful river valley and 40 minutes away from the Battle River to the south, which is a main tributary.
“We’re also no more than 90 minutes away from about 60 different lakes to the north of us,” Saunders adds. “On any given day through the summer you can see thousands and thousands of RVs, SUVs, boats, trailers, quads and motorhomes frequenting the lake country, which really adds to the quality of lifestyle in this part of the world.”
As a perfect backdrop to the beautiful picturesque landscape is a 200-acre all-seasons park called Bud Miller Park. Some of the amenities include: an indoor leisure pool, beach volleyball, fitness centre, tennis courts, lawn bowling, mini-putt golf, water splash park, baseball diamonds, cross-country skiing, ice skating, an interpretive centre and the Vic Juba Community Theatre which is attached to Lakeland College right beside the park, sharing the same grounds. There is also a huge retention lake and trail systems making it a great place for families to enjoy at any time throughout the year.
A strong cultural base in the city has a notable presence, with more than 200 artists and a number of concerts and festivals throughout the year. Right now there is currently a well-received, predominant World War exhibit that has garnered large audiences.
Many good, high-paying jobs, a strong education system, quality healthcare, sports, culture and recreation all help to keep the people of Lloydminster happy and engaged in the community. It’s a border city truly does reap the benefits of the best of two provinces and beyond.
www.lloydminster.ca
www.lloydminstereconomy.ca
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Home | Features | August 12 | The Last Post Fund
The Last Post Fund
By R. Brent Lang
“In 1941, a great Canadian, General Georges P. Vanier, said: ‘The Canadian soldier, sailor or airman has left his country, his home, his family; on the altar of the Homeland, he gave away his own self. For this voluntary sacrifice, he asked no reward but rather, he generously offered the capital of his time, his health and his life. Expressing no hope, expecting no promise, he gave everything.’ These words still sound true 71 years later with the emergence of a new generation of Canadian soldiers called to serve around the world.”
– The Honourable Steven Blaney, Minister of Veterans Affairs, June 4, 2012
I have been a follower of the noble work conducted by the Last Post Fund since first seeing a basic, simple ad for Last Post Fund, in the November 2010 Military Service Recognition Book, published by the Legion. I still have that ad; I was awe-stuck by their mission, vision and values: “The Last Post Fund is a non-profit whose purpose is to ensure that no war veterans, military disability pensioners, or civilians who meet the wartime service eligibility criteria are denied a dignified funeral and burial for lack of sufficient funds.”
Financial eligibility is based on an assessment, at the time of death, of the financial resources of the veteran and surviving spouse, if any. This assessment is guided by the Veterans Affairs criteria used for means-tested cases and varies depending on whether or not the veteran was survived by a spouse and/or dependent children.
From January 2011 – present, my primary contact has been Ret. Major Kenneth J. Usher CD. He shares with me this reality, “Veterans Affairs Canada provides funding for our funeral and burial program; however it is restricted to our Second World War and Korean Veterans only. As you most likely know many of those Veterans are in their late 80s or early 90s; there are less the 140,000 WWII and Korean Veterans left in Canada and they are passing at a rate of almost 1,500 per month.”
There are concerns that Veterans Affairs Canada might not extend the funeral and burial program to the Modern Day Veterans and therefore it is only prudent to assume Federal funding could stop in the next few years.
In the relatively brief period I have been following and researching the meaningful end-of-life duty this non-profit delivers to eligible military Veterans, more than 30,000 WWII and the Korean War Veterans have passed away; a startling number. Most Veterans are capable of, or have pre-arranged their own funeral’s costs – but many could not, due to financial distress. Re-read the opening quote by the Minister of Veterans Affairs – we must do all we can to honour the brave, courageous and loyal Veterans who fought for freedom, those who made it home in whatever condition they returned, enduring the physical and mental toll of warfare throughout their remaining days. Perhaps they raised their families, ran a business, served their community and maybe just ended up without enough to be honoured with a dignified funeral and burial. Veterans who survived served alongside those who didn’t make it home – we consider the survivors the lucky ones. The painful memories, bodily injuries and psychological trauma and anguish the survivors must endure to their dying breath – makes us wholly accountable to provide for their funeral and burial. We must show enough respect to lay a grave marker identifying their service to Country.
A Non-Profit in Transition
For a number of years I have researched and been involved with the transformations non-profits must take from time-to-time to move with the market it serves. In the business world, leadership guru Ram Charan stated, “Only by looking out far over the horizon and taking into account developing trends that may not seem directly relevant now can you really do the kind of analysis necessary to prepare for rapid change and new opportunities. You have to look at your business from the outside in.”
Such is the reality for the Last Post Fund. This is a non-profit that can trace its origin back to 1909, and with over a century of service faces the monumental task of continuing to provide service with dignity, honour and efficiency despite a significant budget cut and restructuring in 2012.
How to maintain services and ensure meaningful and dignified funerals, burials and assistance to a veteran’s surviving family while basic funerals grow ever-more costly and must be funded with less (or $0) Federal support poses quite a challenge indeed.
The Last Post Fund’s Governing Council was not caught by surprise by the Federal budget ambush but rather had analyzed the needs and challenges and prepared for the future. It was in the midst of a bleak 2011/2012 Canadian winter, and with a bleak reality of current funding source being eliminated in the not-too-distant future, this agile non-profit, in true military precision formed a “Futures Committee” with the mandate to determine how the Last Post Fund would continue without the GoC/VAC funding. The Last Post Fund’s June 2012 newsletter (Vol. 3, No. 3) announced the ambitious goal – to fund-raise $9.4 million in an effort spanning 2012-2015 – and without fear or trepidation selected Major-General (Retired) Lewis MacKenzie, UE, CM, CMM, MSC, O.Ont, CD as Honorary Chairman for fund raising and Lieutenant-General (Retired) Lou Cuppens as Campaign Coordinator.
The Last Post Fund’s campaign offers individuals and corporate contributors a very robust Donor Recognition Program, with very modest through mighty support levels of $1,000 to $1,000,000 level!
$1,000 – $9,999: “Friends” Personal acknowledgement letter from Honorary Chair and Campaign Coordinator, as well as name listed in Honour Roll and official tax receipt
$10,000 – $24,999: “Supporters” Same as Friends, plus a feature story on your organization in the LPF website and newsletter and a name on a new brick wall adorning the Reception Centre at National Field of Honour
$25,000 – $49,999: “Benefactors” Same as Supporters, plus photo of cheque presentation and news release to targeted media and invitation to attend campaign celebration at conclusion of the campaign
$50,000 – $99,000: “Builders” Same as Benefactors, plus photo of cheque presentation and news release to national media with feature story on your organization
$100,000 – $499,999: “Grand Builders” Same as Builders, plus naming of specific facility or room in the renovated Reception Centre at LPF National Field of Honour
$500,000 – $999,999: “Ambassadors” Same as Builders, plus naming of a street after donor organization in the new section of the Last Post Fund National Field of Honour
$1,000,000+: “Governors” Same as Builders, plus naming of the Reception Centre at National Field of Honour after donor organization
The specific use of proceeds are all very well-defined with $1,000,000 set aside for future cost of funeral and burial program; $1,000,000 for the estimated 20,000 – 30,000 Veteran’s graves that lack a proper military marker; $1,000,000 for purchase and clearance of new land section at the LPF National Field of Honour; $200,000 for renovation of the Arthur Hair Reception Centre at the National Field of Honour; $200,000 for road repairs and equipment and finally $6,000,000 for perpetual care of the National Field of Honour.
When the Last Post Fund was founded by Mr. Arthur Hair in 1909, he said that “no Veterans should be denied the dignity of a proper funeral and burial” and the Last Post Fund (with your help) will continue into the future to fulfill Mr. Hair’s promise. In the 103 years since, the Last Post Fund has provided dignified funerals and burials for close to 150,000 Canadian and Allied financially challenged Veterans.
The final chapter of the recognized eligible veterans – the absolute end of an era with the passing of the last WWII and Korean War Veteran over the next few years – will start a new book, The Future, Chapter One, recognizing and embracing the need for the Last Post Fund to be independently self-funding in the future and pursue advocacy to include Modern Day Veterans.
We will always need a diverse, effective and ready military; but with that need today, comes a future obligation – we must always provide adequate reserve provisions to ensure Veterans now and in the future are treated with the utmost care and respect for the duty they provided us.
I ask, “Who will honour (posthumously) these brave men and women – today’s Canadian Forces – 50, 60, 70 years in the future?”
The purpose of this article is twofold:
To help raise awareness for the 2012-2013 target of $3,000,000 of the Last Post Fund’s overall campaign
To raise awareness for military families of the burial and funeral program to whichthey may qualify
www.lastpostfund.ca
R. Brent Lang, CIM FCSI, is active in the fields of finance and philanthropy and recognized as a subject matter specialist in Social Entrepreneurship. He holds the CIM (Chartered Investment Manager and FCSI (Fellow of the Canadian Securities Institute) and Branch Manager Course designations. He is past Chair of the Community Impact Fund and Director at a Community Foundation. He can be reached by email at rbrentlang@gmail.com.
Opportunities to discuss philanthropy, planned giving & enterprising non-profit / social enterprise are welcome.
Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo
The Effects of an NHL LOCKOUT
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Video Explains the Importance of Subsistence Land Commons
Sat, 11/29/2014 - 12:41pm
Participants in a workshop hosted by the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) and the German Institute for Human Rights are featured in a nicely done five-minute video, “A Commons Conversation.” (Tip of the hat to Silke Helfrich.) It’s a thoughtful introduction to subsistence and traditional commons, especially in Africa. The focus is on secure land tenure and food security.
King-David Amoah, Ecumenical Association for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development
The July 2014 workshop is in the midst of producing a “Technical Guide on Tenure Rights to Commons” (or “TG Commons,” for short) at the request of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The guide seeks to support the adoption of “Voluntary Guidelines for the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT).”
According to the workshop, the TG Commons will:
provide strategies to overcome the challenges inherent in the recognition and protection of tenure rights to commons. The overall objective of the guide is to contribute to national food security, to secure access to natural resources (especially for marginalized and vulnerable groups), to support human well-being and livelihood, sustainable resource use, and ecosystem functioning. This is particularly timely, since today about three billion rural families’ livelihoods depend on common lands, forests and fisheries.
The TG commons guidebook is focused on “providing concrete strategies to achieve the recognition and protection of tenure rights to commons."
The video is refreshing in addressing, in direct, personal terms, why the commons matters for traditional communities and subsistence commoners. It asks people questions such as, “What are important keywords for you personally relating to the commons?” and “Why is the question of the commons relevant to you?”
The answers came from people like Alphajoh Cham of the Ministry of Lands, Country Planning and the Environment, Sierra Leone; Theo Rauch of the Centre for Development Studies in Berlin; Carolin Callenius of Bread for the World; and Million Belay of the Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa; and Myrna K. C. Kain, the former Chair of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous People. An informative short video well-worth watching.
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Gabriel Deslandes , November 6, 2018
New Rio governor wants snipers
AUTHORITARIANISM CRIME ELECTION 2018 RIO DE JANEIRO
Home AUTHORITARIANISM New Rio governor wants snipers
Rio police killed over 1000 people last year. Now Jair Bolsonaro’s neofascist gubernatorial ally says he wants police snipers to assassinate low level drug traffickers in favelas.
By Gabriel Deslandes
The new Rio de Janeiro Governor-elect, Wilson Witzel, from the Partido Social Cristão (Social Christian Party/PSC) was elected with a campaign focused on one of Jair Bolsonaro’s key issues – the war against crime. Like his ally Bolsonaro, Witzel does not seem to worry much about the constitution or human rights getting in the way of his political goals.
In Brazil, the military and civil police forces are controlled by the state governors. In an interview on GloboNews TV, Governor-elect Witzel said that he wants snipers to perform police operations in favelas to “kill criminals who are carrying restricted weapons.” He has already requested the Rio de Janeiro Civil and Military Police to provide the names of the elite snipers which they have available. According to him, the Rio police, already among the world’s most violent, will have a carte blanche to kill – or to kill even more than they already do in the favelas.
Wilson Witzel is a complete novice in politics who rose up in the 2018 Brazilian elections on the coattails of the conservative and war mongering platform of Jair Bolsonaro. An ex-judge, Witzel worked for 17 years in different civil and criminal courts, only entering the world of politics in 2018, when he left office to affiliate with the PSC.
Witzel was unknown by the majority of the electorate in Rio de Janeiro until the first round of the elections, having started the race polling at only 1%. Surprisingly, with only 27 seconds of nightly electoral campaign advertising on television, the ex-judge made an incredible jump to 17% in the final poll before the first round. The sudden growth in the polls and qualification for the second round were driven by the explicit support of presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro, but also by Rio’s terrible political quagmire.
After the 2016 Olympics, the state government was rocked by an unprecedented economic crisis. In June of that year, the Rio de Janeiro government decreed a state of public financial calamity, no longer able to pay salaries and retirement pensions of its public sector workers. In this context, Rio was also hit with the revelation of huge corruption schemes involving the main political leaders in the state, and ex-Governor Sergio Cabral (2007-2014) was arrested by the Federal Police together with political and business allies. Finally, in February 2018, under the pretext of fighting organized crime, the Michel Temer government decreed the unprecedented militarization of the state by turning public security over to the control of the armed forces.
A belligerent outsider
Witzel (R) cheering as colleagues tear a sign honoring slain city council woman Marielle Franco in two.
Riding the Bolsonaro wave, associating himself with the figure and the ideas of the future president, Witzel wants to transform Rio into a showcase for the most radical security plans, which includes the controversial recruitment of snipers to kill people suspected of carrying assault rifles in favelas. The new governor has also said that police marksmen should be placed in helicopters. “The specialists who set up the operations will make the decisions,” he said on GloboNews.
During the same week, in an interview in the Estado de São Paulo newspaper, Witzel said that these police snipers should not be held responsible for their actions and based his rationalization on article 25 of the Brazilian Penal Code, which allows legitimate self defense in case of unjust or imminent aggression. “A bandit with an assault weapon can only be stopped with another assault weapon” he said, “it is not enough to tell him to simply place the gun on the ground.” When asked by the reporter if there was consensus on his interpretation that all that is necessary is for a person to be carrying a machine gun, without aiming it at anyone, for the police to kill him in self defense, Witzel said, “Does he have an assault weapon? He has to be shot. The police will do the right thing: They will aim at his head and… Fire! So no mistakes are made.”
Witzel‘s interpretation of the law was criticized by legal specialists, who say that the mere fact that a criminal is armed does not constitute a hypothesis of aggression or justify legitimate defense. “Police, in theory, do not kill, they defend. This is what is prescribed in the law. If you motivate the police to kill you are giving up on the process of investigation, which is supposed to be their main function. This is something that would be greatly missed,” said former Rio de Janeiro Military Police Chief, Colonel Robson Silva.
Witzel admitted that he knows the risk of police being sued or being tried in criminal court, but he said that he will personally defend them. “The police will be defended. If they are convicted we will appeal.” When asked about number of notorious recent incidents in which people were accidentally been killed in Rio for caring unrelated objects such as umbrellas or power drills that were confused with weapons, Witzel said that those shots were not fired by “properly trained military”.
Amnesty International issued a statement contesting Witzel’s declarations, saying his plan, “breaks Brazilian and international law and disrespects the rules of the use of force and firearms”. For Professor Jaqueline Muniz, from the Public Security Department at Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Witzel’s proposal is naive. “What the Rio police need is to develop dynamic and static standards for shooting according to the weapon used, guaranteeing their integrity in the use of their work tools, and the integrity of the population. This would prevent unnecessary shootings and wasted ammunition. For this, the police should develop precise standards and practices for defensive shooting.”
It is important to emphasize that Rio de Janeiro is the state where the police already committed the highest number of assassinations in Brazil in 2017 – over 1000. In 2018, even under federal military occupation since February, there has been a record number of deaths caused by the police, as well as complaints of torture, aggression, invasion and damage of residences during Armed Forces operations in favelas. Even with the federal intervention, the shoot outs and homicides not only did not fall, they increased. The chances are that this scenario will further worsen after the new governor takes office.
Lula’s last chance?
Lava Jato/Fascism is a match – who’s the matchmaker?
Gabriel Deslandes
Brasil Wire, August 1, 2018
AFL-CIO Demands Lula Released/Allowed to Run for President
Rio Judge Gives 7 Year Sentence to June 2013 Protesters
Brasil Wire, October 5, 2017
Campaign urges US University to cancel Bolsonaro appearance
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020 3447 2125 brcaprotect@ucl.ac.uk
What is BRCA PROTECT?
BRCA PROTECT is a ground-breaking research programme at University College London (UCL) supported by women’s cancer charity, The Eve Appeal.
The aim of the programme is to understand the molecular events that lead to the development of breast and ovarian cancer, so that we can effectively predict and ultimately prevent the occurrence of these cancers. We hope to develop new preventive measures that will enable women to reduce their risk of cancer, without the need for surgery, thereby expanding the range of options available to women of all ages.
The aim of the programme is to understand the molecular events that lead to the development of breast and ovarian cancer, so that we can effectively predict and ultimately prevent the occurrence of these cancers. We hope to develop new preventive measures that will enable women to reduce their risk of developing these cancers, without the need for surgery, thereby expanding the range of options available to women at risk of cancer.
What is involved?
A vital component of the programme is a dedicated Research Clinic which allows women to contribute to the research. Women with no known risk of cancer as well as women who are at higher risk because they carry a faulty gene (BRCA1 / BRCA2 and those with Lynch Syndrome) will be asked donate three samples (a cervical smear, a mouth swab and a blood test).
A new strategy for prevention of women’s cancer
The team at UCL has already made major strides in understanding the causes of these cancers. Based on this research, the team is now ready to test new ways of preventing disease, without the need for surgery. This has the potential to revolutionise the lives of women with BRCA mutations. Moreover, it will enable us to better understand how cancer develops in general, which will likely benefit all women.
Support us in other ways
The BRCA PROTECT Research Clinic is funded by The Eve Appeal – a charity working for a future where fewer women develop and more women survive female cancers. The goal of the research clinic is to create a new standard in reventing inherited female cancers. Together, we can increase our understanding of women’s cancers and save significant more women’s lives.
Please support our life saving research by making a donation to The Eve Appeal at www.eveappeal.org.uk/donate
© The BRCA PROTECT Research Clinic 2016.
If no suitable appointment is available, please send us your details and we'll contact you.
Your name *: E-mail *: Message *:
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Australian Museums and Galleries
St John's Schoolhouse Museum
The Schoolhouse was built in the early 1840s and operated continuously until 1880 and from 1895 to 1907. The Museum consists of the original schoolroom and five other rooms used as a home for the school Master and his family. In addition to the furnishings and artefacts of the school and the schoolhouse, the Museum has a collection of photographs on display of Canberra in the 19th and early 20th centuries and a collection of objects relating to the history of St John's Church and other churches of the district.approximately 600 items including up to 200 photographs.
Blundell's Cottage
Blundell's Cottage was built in 1860 to accommodate skilled workers on the Duntroon Estate. It remains the only such building in the Parliamentry Triangle. Furnished to depict turn-of-the-century rural life, the cottage provides an intriguing contrast to modern Canberra. Visitors gain an insight into the Limestone Plains before it was chosen as the site for the National Capital. Education program designed for ages 8 to 11.The cottage collection comprises less than 700 objects, the majority of which are on display. The focus is domestic and rural equipment from the period 1890-1910.
Schaeffer House
A 1901 Federation style house and attached annexe, furnished in pre-1900 period. The annexe houses the Society's local and family history section. This includes photographs, a local library and all Grafton newspapers since 1859. The collection also includes local artefacts, memorabilia and documentation of early Grafton.Estimated 5,000 items and 10,000 photographs, plus 800 local history reference books in the library
Calala Cottage
The museum complex is made up of a cottage built by the first Mayor of Tamworth in 1875 adjacent to a vertical slab shepherd's hut (ca1845), both on their original sites. The Mayor was Philip Gidley King, superintendent of the Peel River Land and Mineral Company (also at times known as the Australian Agricultural Co). King was the great grandson of the third Governor of New South Wales of the same name. Both buildings have been restored and conserved and furnished circa 1890s. They display memorabilia and bric-a-brac of historical interest in a garden setting.4,000 items
Alumy Creek Reserve Trust
Closed in 1969 as an official teaching establishment, the 1908 weatherboard teacher's residence and one-teacher schoolhouse set in 10 acres of recreation grounds, were restored as a Bicentennial project and the museum was subsequently opened in November 1988. The school site was originally established in 1869. The present school, the second to be built on the site, is fully functional and seats 30 plus primary school age children. Pens, ink, project sheets and teachers' aids are available for use. The school houses a large collection of early kindergarten and primary school text books and...
Parkside Cottage Museum
The museum, which is 100 years old, is weatherboard with a corrugated iron roof. The collection includes the MacCarthur Cloak (c1816), a world wide shell collection, 1000 years of monarchy, snow shoe and wooden skis from Scott's expedition, a pictorial history of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, historic clothing and a Telstra display.Old house full of local history. Farming machinery, war memorabilia, photographs, shells.
Gledswood Farm Museum
Gledswood Farm Museum is an attraction of Gledswood Homestead, itself a tourist destination and heritage attraction. The museum is located in the granary of the coach house.422 artefacts, 196 photographs
Vaucluse House
Splendidly located on Sydney Harbour, Vaucluse House is nestled in a 19th century estate with a kitchen wing, stables and outbuildings. It is surrounded by 27 acres of gardens and grounds. The home of William Charles Wentworth, father of the Australian Constitution, his wife Sarah and family from 1827-1853, Vaucluse House depicts the social aspirations and lifestyles of the Wentworths and of the servants who lived and worked there.The interiors include original Wentworth pieces together with furniture, furnishings and collections of the early to mid 19th century.
Bingara Museum
The museum, originally the Post Office Hotel, is of slab construction, with a puddled iron roof. Built in 1860, it was occupied continuously until 1970, (as a private home since World War I). The museum is furnished as a private home and features extensive photo and gem-rock collections. Other buildings in the grounds include a school and a blacksmith shop.2,000 items; 2,000 photos; 2,000 gems and minerals
Bishop's Lodge
Bishop's Lodge was built in 1889 for the Anglican Bishop of Riverina. It is an iron house, built with great technical innovation for the climate and soils of the Western Riverina. It is set in a late nineteenth century garden and reflects the social, cultural and religious history of its inhabitants over the past century.
Bland District Museum
This museum documents the history of Wyalong and West Wyalong. Its displays feature early rural machinery, historic photos, colonial household furniture, a mineral, fossil and bottle collection, extensive archives, period costumes, a silver and china collection, war memorabilia and musical exhibits. The museum is housed in a colonial cottage (c.1902).5,000 items; 2,000 photographs
Conservation Resource Centre
The Conservation Resource Centre records the history of houses, furnishings and gardens in New South Wales. It provides information, original source material and specialist services relating to domestic design history and building conservation. The research library contains and important collection of architectural and furnishing pattern books, department store and trade catalogues, journals, pamphlets, charts and archival material, as well as reference books and current periodicals. The reference collection contains artefacts from New South Wales houses, including wallpapers, soft...
Glenleigh Historic Home
This Scottish Baronial Style Mansion was built in the late 1880's by James Ewan. Glenleigh is said to be the finest example of Victorian interiors with stencilling of some degree in each room. Ceilings in the main rooms were specially painted by Italian artists to fit in with the character of the individual room.
Hargraves & District Historical Society Inc.
Society of 40 persons dedicated to restoration of 1860's Hargraves Courthouse complex. Large triple solid brick courthouse and living quarters, semi attached via enclosed walkway, vertical iron bark slab kitchen (now fully restored), detached vertical slab laundry and large separate horizontal slab stables building. An 1860's public toilet is expected to be operational later in 2002. Hargraves is the site of the first underground gold mine in Australia, founded 1854.In addition to the buildings described above, the society has amassed a large collection of old photographs depicting the...
Eskbank House
The house, built from local sandstone in 1842 for Thomas Brown, the man who first established the coal industry in Lithgow, stands in a hectare of beautiful lawns and gardens. The four front rooms have been preserved much as they were in Thomas Brown's day, and contain some beautiful early Victorian furniture. Also displayed are many fine exhibits of the early history of the district, a feature being an excellent display of Lithgow pottery and artefacts from the pottery works. The covered courtyard at the rear is used as a museum and exhibits include a Hansom cab and a Pennyfarthing...
Meroogal
Built in 1885-6, Meroogal is a 5 bedroom timber house with "Gothic" trimmings. Four generations of women from the Thorburn family have occupied the house. Their daily routines, domestic chores and the pursuit of genteel interests have left indelible marks on the house. Meroogal, with its intact collection of furniture and furnishings allows visitors a personal insight into the private world of a single family.The collection includes furniture, household objects, diaries, letters, scrapbooks, photographs and clothes, allowing a very personal insight into the private world.
Mudgee Colonial Inn Museum
The Colonial Inn Museum is located in the old West End Hotel built in 1856, and licensed as a hotel until 1923. It is a two storey building featuring wrought iron lace and pillars manufactured in a Mudgee iron foundry. Some displays have been developed around the building's early usage (eg the bar, parlour, kitchen and a bedroom). There is also an extensive display of farm machinery and horsedrawn vehicles, and general displays of items from Mudgee's past. Family history research is also available.8,000 items
Bedervale Historic Homestead
John Verge designed the country homestead Bedervale set in a pleasant eight acre garden on a working rural property. The homestead adjoins an earlier enclosed courtyard and farmyard. It contains a unique collection of the original families furniture and personal effects from the 1840's and is still lived in as a home.Family collection from pre 1840 to 1900 in situ plus recent family additions. Australian and English furniture, china, paintings, household effects and kitchen utensils. Horse drawn vehicles and machinery.
Quambi
This two storey Georgian style school house (ca1840) displays furniture, clothing, personal and household items, photographs and other objects from the late 1800s to the mid 1900s. The restored, convict built building also houses a collection of historic books from the Australian Agricultural Company (AAC), dating from the late 1700s to the 1800s.
Susannah Place
Susannah Place is a small terrace row of four dwellings, built in 1843 and occupied until 1990. As a house museum, Susannah Place conserves, interprets and presents its historical interiors, collection and structural fabric in a way which acknowledges and illuminates changes in occupants and the broader transformation of the surrounding Rocks neighbourhood. The collection includes a rich archive of oral history records and personal effects contributed by the former occupants.
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Leave The Light On
Photo by Frank Yang
First thing I did when I got home on Monday night was hit up eMusic for Silkworm’s Firewater, which had just been recommended to me most emphatically, but as it turns out, I didn’t have enough downloads left so I grabbed the new Bottomless Pit EP Congress and put Firewater at the top of the queue for next month.
The context of this was that I’d been at Sneaky Dee’s and while as a longstanding Bedhead and The New Year fan, I’d obviously gone to see The Kadane Brothers play Toronto if not for the first time ever, then the first time in a damned long time, I was completely enthralled by their tourmates’ set. I had no history with Bottomless Pit or their previous incarnation as Silkworm, save for knowing about the senseless death of drummer Michael Dahlquist in 2005 that forced the dissolution of that band. But while I’d primed a bit with their debut album Hammer Of The Gods in the days preceding the show, I didn’t expect to be as amazed as I was.
From the moment they took the stage, via an instrumental segue at the end of the Kadane Brothers’ set that ranks amongst the most impressive things I’ve seen in recent memory, they had me riveted. Not so much for their onstage charisma – they’re mostly unremarkable-looking guys who just go about their business – but for the music they made. Melodic without being overtly pop and intense while remaining resolutely laid back, Bottomless Pit deliver “Indie rock” of the oldest school, with echoes of Built To Spill, Archers Of Loaf and Sonic Youth acquired not as influences, but contemporaries. The combination of Andy Cohen and Tim Midgett’s guitar and baritone guitar, respectively, made for a distinct and glorious sonic blend that I’m amazed isn’t utilized by more bands. Of course, it’s not just the gear – there’s also their respective virtuostic abilities on their instruments which made for some exhilarating six-string excursions. I know I’ve already used the word “enthralled” but it’s the most appropriate one I can think of.
As for the Kadane Brothers, the one-word summary would be “hypnotic”. Delivering exactly as advertised, Matt and Bubba Kadane explored the catalog of The New Year, including their forthcoming self-titled album due September 9, accompanied only on electric guitar but even without their three other bandmates, most everything sounded as full and mesmerizing as the recorded versions. What they were able to do with just the two electric guitars – and not even dueling guitars, often just some fingerpicking or sinewy lines played off of gently strummed power chords – was mesmerizing. The sort of thing that if you examine it too closely, makes no sense when you consider what you’re hearing, so it’s best to just close your eyes and listen. An unconventional but wholly satisfying first live Kadane experience, but I also say that with the knowledge that a proper New Year gig has already been booked for October 15 at Lee’s Palace.
Opening up the night was local pop outfit Great Bloomers, whom I’d seen and been left rather nonplussed by at NxNE. They made a decidedly better impression this time, having apparently decided to inject some more twang into their sound over the past month, but their shortcomings also became clearer to me. While obviously musically talented and with a knack for melody, they also lacked any real sense of… danger? Edginess? With a couple exceptions, their songs seemed overly restrained and polite. Maybe it’s just me, but bands that young should be looking to stir shit up. But on the plus side, since they are that young they’ve got plenty of time to develop a coke habit or two. NOTE: this blog does not condone or encourage the use of cocaine or other banned substances for the purpose of developing “rock” cred. But if you do it to be cool, then by all means.
There’s another short video teaser for the new New Year record and The Phoenix talks to New Year drummer Chris Brokaw, who wasn’t along for this tour (as he failed the “is your last name Kadane?” test) but should be behind the kit come October.
Photos: Bottomless Pit, The Kadane Brothers, Great Bloomers @ Sneaky Dee’s – July 14, 2008
MP3: Bottomless Pit – “Fish Eyes”
MP3: Bottomless Pit – “The Cardinal Movements”
MP3: The New Year – “The End’s Not Near”
MP3: The New Year – “Sinking Ship”
Video: The New Year – “The End’s Not Near”
Video: The New Year – “Disease”
MySpace: Bottomless Pit
MySpace: The New Year
Chart talks to Stephen Malkmus, in town at the Phoenix tonight.
Pitchfork has the first sample of the new Mercury Rev album Snowflake Midnight, due out September 29.
MP3: Mercury Rev – “Senses On Fire”
According to CBC Radio 3, Gentleman Reg is the latest member of the Arts & Crafts family. His first album since 2004’s Darby & Joan, Jet Black, will be out October 14.
I got sent a taste of the next Fields record yesterday, which fits nicely with this recent NME piece about the band’s return to live performance after basically being sequestered away in the studio working on the follow-up to Everything Last Winter for most of this year. As such, they’d fallen a bit off my radar and I hadn’t heard about the departure of guitarist Jamie Putnam, which makes me curious how the new stuff will sound if frontman Nick Peill continues to stick with the acoustic guitar. If the first track is any indication, things are accordingly less rock-heavy and more synth-leaning. Of course, the second track is all anthemic guitar rock so… Either way, these tracks have sufficiently whetted my appetite for the new record. There’s some more new material in the form of demos, including that of the track below, streaming on their MySpace. The new album is due out sometime this year.
MP3: Fields – “Worst Love”
MP3: Fields – “Are You Ready Yet”
JAM talks to Gary Louris about working again with Mark Olsen on their first collaboration in over a decade, After The Flood, due out in September.
NME reports that Jarvis Cocker is contemplating bringing the rock on his next solo record, due out sometime next year.
Wired contemplates the meaning of the term “shoegaze”. Stuart Braithwaite, Adam Franklin and Jason Pierce all think the term is rubbish. Naturally.
brads says:
Should I feel slighted that you’ve been ignoring my Bottomless Pit preaching all this time? So glad you dug ’em…
don’t take it personal, Brad. I ignore pretty much everyone.
Yeah, that’s probably wise. Leaves more time in the day.
My recording of the show sounds swell, btw. Hopefully they’ll be shared at some point, assuming the bands give the ok.
I think I got something in my eye when the Kadanes played "Crushing".
Casey P. says:
Yes, Firewater! I’m a latecomer, too. Wish I’d picked it up 10 years ago. I’d better get moving on Bottomless Pit.
Constructive Summer →
← Live Fast Die Strong
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Title: July 12 Iranian Nuclear Compliance Deadline Has Come And Passed -- Have You Noticed? -- Major World Powers Paying Only Scant Attention -- Again
Book -- DVD
Subtitle: Once again, a Western nations deadline for Iran to comply with demands to cease her nuclear program has come and passed with little to no reaction from Western powers. This entire episode continues to be one of a "Rumors of War" rather than actual war.
Copyright © 2006 Cutting Edge Ministries. All rights reserved. See full copyright notice below.
Pertinent Background Information
For the past three years, President Bush has been threatening Iranian leadership with "dire consequences" if they did not completely and immediately abandon their nuclear power program, a program which the President has repeatedly stated is designed to produce nuclear warheads. Many Western leaders have joined with Bush in urging Iran to comply with these demands.
Iran, for her part, has insisted that her program is designed only for peaceful electrical uses.
Cutting Edge has been predicting for these past three years that Iran will not be attacked sufficiently hard to bring down the present hardline Islamic government, for Iran (Persia) is depicted as marching with Russia in the Latter Day invasion of Israel (Ezekiel 38-39). Therefore, it seems that Iran is protected by prophecy from destruction now. For three years, that has been our teaching, a position so far backed up by actual events.
Even the Pentagon recently got into the act when a Fellow of the Council on Foreign Relations suddenly took a solid stand against any military attack against Iran. Seymour Hersh, one of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) favorite journalists, shocked a lot of people when he announced that the Pentagon is solidly opposed to any military strike on Iran's nuclear facilities because they do not know what targets to hit!
NEWS BRIEF: "LAST STAND": The military’s problem with the President’s Iran policy", by SEYMOUR M. HERSH, The New Yorker, Issue of 2006-07-10
""... the U.S. Strategic Command, supported by the Air Force, has been drawing up plans, at the President’s direction, for a major bombing campaign in Iran. Inside the Pentagon, senior commanders have increasingly challenged the President’s plans, according to active-duty and retired officers and officials. The generals and admirals have told the Administration that the bombing campaign will probably not succeed in destroying Iran’s nuclear program. They have also warned that an attack could lead to serious economic, political, and military consequences for the United States."
We have listed the many consequences of an attack on Iran --
1) That nation is so much more powerful than Iraq ever was;
2) Iran can shut down the Straits of Hormuz, through which about 60% of all crude oil passes;
3) Iran could immediately attack the weak Coalition garrison at Basra with overwhelming forces;
4) Iran truly does have terrorists in place throughout America, Great Britain and the European Union which could immediately wreak such havoc that Western Civilization would truly fall.
While these are parts of the plan of the coming World War III which will produce the Masonic Christ, they will not be triggered before all elements of this coming global war are ready to jump into action. Therefore, until Israel has withdrawn from the West Bank and is ready to annihilate all Palestinians in fulfillment of Obadiah 15-18, neither America nor Israel will not trigger a war with Iran by an ill-advised military strike.
Now, let us get back to Mr. Hersh for more additional insight as to why the Pentagon considers a strike on Iran to be foolhardy and nearly worthless.
"A crucial issue in the military’s dissent, the officers said, is the fact that American and European intelligence agencies have not found specific evidence of clandestine activities or hidden facilities; the war planners are not sure what to hit. 'The target array in Iran is huge, but it’s amorphous', a high-ranking general told me. 'The question we face is, When does innocent infrastructure evolve into something nefarious?' The high-ranking general added that the military’s experience in Iraq, where intelligence on weapons of mass destruction was deeply flawed, has affected its approach to Iran. 'We built this big monster with Iraq, and there was nothing there. This is son of Iraq', he said."
Truly, the Bush Administration is simply regurgitating the same phony intelligence scare tactics against Iran which she used to justify an attack on Iraq. However, this time, Russia and China are determined not to allow Bush to attack Iran. This Seymour Hersh article seems to also be a warning to President Bush not to attack Iran, only this time the force behind the warning is the CFR.
Please also take note that the Pentagon is admitting that American Intelligence has not provided any specific hard target locations, so the Pentagon does not know where to strike. In fact, Pentagon officials are not even sure if the Iranian nuclear program has turned "nefarious" (evil, terrible).
In fact, the position the Pentagon is taking seems very close to the Iranian position that they have every right to pursue a civilian nuclear program, and that means they have the right to enrich uranium. that is the meaning of the general's rhetorical question, "When does innocent infrastructure evolve into something nefarious?"
But, the bottom line is, why should Iran risk such international condemnation and possible military strike to actually produce her own nuclear capability, since she has possessed nuclear weapons since early, 2002 (NEWS1660)?
Before we leave this subject, note that the Pentagon is admitting that, in Iraq, "there was nothing there".
This next segment demonstrates just how phony the Administration's case against Iran is.
"In President Bush’s June speech, he accused Iran of pursuing a secret weapons program along with its civilian nuclear-research program (which it is allowed, with limits, under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty). The senior officers in the Pentagon do not dispute the President’s contention that Iran intends to eventually build a bomb, but they are frustrated by the intelligence gaps. A former senior intelligence official told me that people in the Pentagon were asking, 'What’s the evidence? We’ve got a million tentacles out there, overt and covert, and these guys'—the Iranians—'have been working on this for eighteen years, and we have nothing?' " (Ibid.)
The key words here are:
* "What’s the evidence?" Or, as Ronald Reagan said in one of his Presidential debates, "Where's the Beef?" The Bush Administration is shouting empty hot air, on the basis of no evidence! Remember that fact the next time you pay nearly $3 a gallon for Unleaded Gas.
* "We’ve got a million tentacles out there, overt and covert" -- And yet --
* "we have nothing"
We encourage you to read this full Seymour Hersh article, for it contains other critically important issues, all of which argue against the probability that President Bush will ever order an attack. For all his faults, Bush is not a "loose cannon", but is merely acting his role in the global Illuminati Plan. And, remember, that the Illuminati Plan is following Biblical prophecy, because God's Omnipotent Power is forcing them to do so. In this vein, Cutting Edge has always believed that Iran is protected by the prophecy of Ezekiel 38-39 (Read full details in NEWS2014)
Current July 12 Deadline Has Come And Gone -- Little To No Western Response
In June, Western powers set a July 12 deadline for Iran to answer the American - European Union proposal.
NEWS BRIEF: "Iran Has Until July 12 to Stop Enrichment", My Way News, July 3, 2006
"VIENNA, Austria (AP) - Western powers will reactivate efforts to punish Iran through possible U.N. Security Council sanctions unless it suspends uranium enrichment and agrees to talks on its nuclear program by July 12, diplomats said Monday. The envoys - some of them senior U.N. diplomats, and all familiar with details of the six-nation drive to persuade Iran to compromise on its nuclear activities - spoke just two days before a key Iran-European Union meeting in Brussels meant to make clear to the Iranians that their time is running out. On Wednesday, senior EU envoy Javier Solana will urge top Iranian nuclear negotiator Ali Larijani to commit his country immediately to suspending enrichment and starting negotiations ... They also said Russia and China were closer than ever to supporting the West on U.N. Security Council action - including sanctions - if Tehran refuses the package of incentives meant to wean it off enrichment."
"We are looking forward to hear from Iran ... the official response," said Cristina Gallach, Solana's spokeswoman."
Thus, the gauntlet has been thrown down. Since Iran has not responded in the positive as Western powers have demanded, has the matter gone before the United Nations Security Council as threatened? The answer is clearly, "No". Instead, Western powers have responded with timidity rather than forcefulness.
NEWS BRIEF: "Iran Does Not Respond to Six-Nation Incentives--Bush, Putin Concerned", MosNews, 7.17.06
"President Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin, who differ on whether to impose UN sanctions on Iran, expressed concern on Monday that Tehran had not responded to an incentives offer ... The two leaders made a show of unity in a joint statement declaring their intention to try to limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons, including the cases of Iran and North Korea. 'We are especially concerned by the failure of the Iranian government to engage seriously on the proposals' made by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany, Bush and Putin said .... Iran has refused to respond to an offer made in early June of economic incentives, prompting Washington to refer the case to the UN Security Council."
"While Britain, France, the United States and Germany support economic sanctions if Iran fails to cooperate, such measures are not currently backed by Security Council veto-wielding Russia and China."
Iran has certainly refused to cooperatively respond. But, no automatic Western response sending the issue to the Security Council was forthcoming after the date of July 12 had passed. Rather, mere bluff and empty words continued to flow out of the mouths of Western leaders. Remember, Russia and China wield a veto power in the Security Council, which means that any debate is likely to go nowhere.
Further, Russia and China have successfully painted President Bush into a Security Council corner. Listen:
NEWS BRIEF: "U.S. Accepts Draft on Iran That Omits Use of Force", New York Times, May 30, 2006
"WASHINGTON, May 30 — The Bush administration, seeking to enlist Russian support for a United Nations Security Council resolution on Iran, has agreed to language ruling out the immediate threat of military force, American and European officials said Tuesday. The American agreement has improved the chances that the Russians will go along with the resolution ... Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice's office announced that Ms. Rice would fly to Vienna on Wednesday for more talks on Iran with top Russian, Chinese and European envoys. "
This next segment shows how the Russians guided this issue in a way in which the Bush Administration originally did not want to go -- in order to prevent a reenactment of the Iraqi invasion.
"For months the United States has demanded that pressure on Iran must increase through passage of a Security Council resolution under Chapter VII of the United Nations charter. This chapter invokes the Council's power to demand compliance of member countries on certain matters and threaten punishment if they refuse. Russia, fearing a replay of the run-up to the Iraq war in 2002 and 2003, has opposed any invocation of Chapter VII, on the ground that the United States might seize upon its approval as a justification for acting unilaterally to impose economic penalties or use military force against Iran. To placate the Russians, the United States has agreed to invoke only Article 41 of Chapter VII, and not the whole chapter. Article 41 makes no reference to the possible use of force, and therefore offers the Russians a means to support it."
Now, you can see why the Russians and Chinese could support the Vienna proposal, as they had already guided the negotiations in a way designed to protect Iran.
Just for good measure, Russian President Putin reminded America and the European Union that there was no immediate need to rush this matter into the U.N. Security Council any time soon.
NEWS BRIEF: " 'Premature' to speak of Iran sanctions: Putin", Iran Mania, Tuesday, July 18, 2006
"LONDON, July 18 (IranMania) - Russian President Vladimir Putin called on Iran to respond to a plan for resolving the impasse over its nuclear program, but said it was too early to speak of sanctions on Tehran ... 'It is premature to talk about sanctions with respect to Iran," Putin said at a news conference after the conclusion of the Group of Eight (G8) summit ... Putin spoke after the G8 countries, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia and the United States, issued a statement calling on Iran to accept the proposal from the five permanent UN Security Council members and Germany for resolving concern over its nuclear program. That proposal calls on Iran to drop plans to enrich uranium itself in exchange for a package of incentives, including assured access to nuclear power."
Therefore, the world is likely to spin along as it has for the past three years regarding Iran. President Bush and his Cabinet members will continue to complain, moan and groan, but take no significant military action. Just as we have seen for the past three years.
Listen as Jesus has the last (prophetic) Word:
"And you will hear of wars and rumors of wars..." (Matthew 24:6)
Iraq and Afghanistan are truly "wars" but Iran is just a "rumor of war".
As we progress toward the final climactic World War III which will produce Antichrist, we must be able to distinguish the differences.
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DesignInDabaMag.com
Design Indaba Magazine
Design Indaba's primary aim is to advance the cause of design as a communication fundamental, a business imperative and a powerful tool in industry and commerce.
This was their website.
Content is from the site's 2003 2nd Quarter archived pages.
In all design disciplines, new and unusual directions are always greeted with excitement and great interest. Through the International Design Indaba conference, now being hosted annually, the Design Indaba Magazine has access to internationally renowned design practitioners whose opinions and philosophies are coveted by their peers as well as those aspiring to reach similar heights in the different disciplines.
Design Indaba Magazine will strive to source revelatory and revolutionary insights and to provide a visually inspirational feast in the process.
Our editorial commitment is to:
* Focus on non-western visual disciplines.
* Create a high-quality record of high-tech and high-culture global content.
* Deliver it using skilled and informed contributors rich in perspective and focused on design.
* Showcase some of the world's best design across different disciplines and uncover the philosophy /
thinking behind them.
The content of the magazine will draw on a broad range of disciplines such as graphic design, fashion, sculpture, fine art, architecture, product design, interior design, landscape architecture, jewellery design and industrial design.
* Design Indaba Magazine is a quarterly publication
* Distributed internationally
* Circulation of 5000
* Content: Ad split of 80:20 * Has the solid marketing backing of the International Design Indabaź * Advertising booking deadline: 6th of the month preceding the cover month * Advertising material deadline: 10th of the month preceding the cover
It has become increasingly apparent at the recent Design Indaba event in Cape Town as to how sheepish and uncomfortable most of the graphic designers are about their regular work, for corporate clients. In a post-September 11, post-Enron world, most designers are asking questions about their relevance. The question seems to be: are designers just cheerleaders for corporatedom, or worse still, their rent-boys? And this mostly from designers coming from G8 countries. They are facing a crisis of conscience. What they see in the world around them is throwing up more questions than answers. Just being part of the marketing machinery does not sit comfortably, and the zeitgeist is to repel crass commercialism.
The discussion is less about texture, typefaces and image and more about design's place in society. As a discipline that is so obsessed with its relevance to people, it stands to reason that as designers look at the world today, they are concerned about how they can be a force for good. Stefan Sagmeister described his mid-career angst at February's Design Indaba. He posed the question: How to be good? And proffered this, hereinafter dubbed by Design Indaba as the Sagmeister theorem: Bad design + good cause = Good, or its corollary: Good design + bad cause = Bad
Here in the third world, we have grown up with these social concerns - poverty and disease are omnipresent. In South Africa, against the backdrop of good news with the stable political situation, we now have to face the two-headed monster: unemployment and AIDS. So we asked the urgent question about our relevance to our social milieu. And the simple answer is: it's the economy, stupid! We have to grow the economy or we are toast.
Among the assets in thwarting these perils is our creativity, and we know we can enhance our economy through design. We can improve the lot of our people through harnessing innovative solutions. In truth, if we want to grow the economy at a pace that could absorb all our social pressures, we have to go beyond incrementalism, and create frame-breaking change. A bushfire of creativity is what's required. Or else, I fear we will become a nation of call-centres.
Importantly, it's also about context. Understanding one's place in the world, and one's ecological niche. Understanding the solidarity we share with the people of the third world. We have found out , through cuts and bruises, that it also the area for which we have distinctive competencies. You see, after 1994, it was fashionable for the larger South African companies to acquire assets in the OECD countries ( the cynical may have called it a controlled emigration strategy for directors who were skittish about the new dispensation in SA!) - and many of them tanked because to play in this league you need deep pockets, and need to understand the market! Now there is a new pragmatism - and many illustrious companies in the South African firmament are looking at India, China, Brazil, Middle East and the rest of Africa for their latest forays. The emerging markets are closer to home.
And so this issue is called Go South. At its most narrow aim, it looks at the issues facing South Africa. At its most ambitious, it tries to pitch a case for the South - that part of the world that makes up the numbers, the plurals, the poor, the unbanked, the under-developed, the rural, the unwired - the uneverything! You see, South is more than a geographic location. It's a state of mind. It's a circumstance. It's the condition that 80% of humanity is under the influence of. In the increasingly divided world, South is threatened like never before. And the rich North are not yet willing to give up their position of advantage. In fact, at organs like the WTO ( like in Doha currently ) are hell-bent on gorging more! But for many who find themselves in the South it is a seductive, enchanting place. One does not want to romanticise poverty or disease - and we fully acknowledge the parlous plight of millions, yet one knows that the situation is not hopeless. We can overcome. We can in South Africa, for example, see ourselves going from developing to developed nation status in our lifetimes - if we all pull together.
But we are also increasingly concerned about the structural impediments we face in trying to improve our lot. We have found, since 1994, that the world is as inequitable as the apartheid state we destroyed. A world that consigns much of Africa to peasantry because, lets face it, the real Mad Cow Disease is the $2 per day every cow receives in the European Union in subsidies! It is propping up an untenable, unsustainable situation - and driving Africa to ruin, when it is so dependent on an agrarian economy. And if the home base is tenuous, then it cannot sustain any development - if we cannot create sustainable domestic markets with discerning consumers, we cannot produce products for export.
So creativity can take one so far, but if we cannot grow markets from a third world base, then we will not develop. More than ever we need to be commercial activists. We need to understand the politics of commerce, and acknowledge that it has an unrivalled power in the 21st century - of the 100 biggest economies of the world, 51 are companies. It is believed that to have an impact we can utilise the power of commerce - and take spanners to the system. The first step comes from understanding what we can do ourselves, with our own buying power of the third world. So before we compete, we need to collaborate.
And the times they are a-changing. We can now celebrate some of the interlopers from the South who have just gatecrashed the G8 meeting in Evian - notably China and India, who will both have bigger economies than many in this elite club, within this decade.
The South could be the new black.
Life And Debt
Dem an' dem economical plan
Still cant find a solution
Borrowin money fe lend
World bank a nuh wi fr'en
Is life an'debt all a wi a fret
Life an' debt freedom not yet
Farmers get a blow
Foreign food suh an'suh
Amerikan farmer get a upper hand
W'ile our farmers goin' one be one
Bank crash..pay slash news flash
Big bway hide 'im stash
Nuh money nuh job
Borrowin money fi lend..
Capitalism a nuh wi fren
Caricom carry gone everyt'ing
Too much importin'debt increase
Country deh pon lease
Politicians a fraud
De people draw bad card
T'ings nuh cool
Dem teck wi fi fool
Gun shot in de street
Blood pon sheet
Sour nuh sweet
But t'ings afi tun
Or a pure fire bunn
Someone will 'ave to pay
Nuh more man out a clay
Nuh more blind faith
Wi need food inna wi plate
Look how long wi a sweat
Too much foreign debt
Mutabaruka : Dub Poet & singer, Jamaica
All the beauty of civilisation - our art, our music, our literature - lies beyond two fundamentalist, ideological poles. There is as little chance that the people of the world can all become middle-class consumers as there is that they'll all embrace one particular religion. The issue is not Good vs Evil or Islam vs Christianity as much as it is about space. About how to accommodate diversity, to contain the impulse towards hegemony - every kind of hegemony: economic, military, linguistic, religious and cultural. Any ecologist will tell you how dangerous and fragile a monoculture is. A hegemonic world is like having a government without a healthy opposition. It becomes a kind of dictatorship. It's like putting a plastic bag over the world, and preventing it from breathing. Eventually it will be torn open.
Against standardisation The best side of the world is that it contains many worlds within itself. Such cultural diversity, which is the heritage of all humanity, appears in the different ways people eat, but also in how they think, feel, dream, talk and dance. There's a very marked trend towards the standardisation of cultural behaviour. But there is also a backlash by people who endorse differences that are worth preserving. Emphasising cultural differences, not social ones, is what gives humankind its many concurrent faces instead of just a single one. In the face of this avalanche of forced standardisation, there have been very healthy reactions alongside the odd crazy ones springing from religious fanaticism and other desperate attempts to affirm identity. I don't think we're at all doomed to live in a world where the only choice is between dying of hunger or dying of boredom.
Paradox: Our world is a great paradox that turns around in the universe
Half the population of Brazil lives in poverty or in extreme poverty, yet Lula's country is the world's second-largest market for Montblanc fountain pens, and the ninth largest buyer of Ferraris. Armani shops in Sao Paulo sell more than in New York.
Allende's executioner, Pinochet, paid homage to his victim every time he spoke of the "Chilean miracle." Pinochet never confessed it, nor has it been mentioned by the democratic rulers who came after him, when the "miracle" became the "model", but what would happen to Chile if its copper were not Chilean? The copper industry, the central roof beam of the Chilean economy, was nationalised by Allende, never to be privatised again.
Our Indians were born in the American continent, not in India. Turkeys and corn are also American, despite the name the English language has given this bird, and the fact that corn is called "Turkish grain" [granoturco] in Italian.
The World Bank praises the privatisation of public health in Zambia: "It is a model for the rest of Africa. There are no more waiting lines at hospitals." The Zambian Post daily completes the idea: "There are no more waiting lines at hospitals because now people die at home."
Four years ago, journalist Richard Swift arrived in the fields of western Ghana, were cheap cocoa is harvested to be shipped to Switzerland. The journalist carried some chocolate bars in his backpack. The native harvesters had never tasted chocolate before. They loved it.
Rich countries, which subsidise their agriculture to the tune of millions of dollars a day, forbid agricultural subsidies in poor countries. A record harvest by the Mississippi river then floods the world cotton markets and causes prices to collapse. A similar harvest near the Niger river pays so little the corn is not even worth picking.
Charlemagne, founder of the first great European library, was illiterate.
Joshua Slocum, the first man to sail solo around the globe, did not know how to swim.
The world contains as many hungry people as obese. The hungry eat garbage from garbage cans; the obese eat garbage from McDonald's.
Progress causes bloating. Rarotonga is the most prosperous of the Cook islands, in the South Pacific. It has amazing economic growth rates. But even more amazing is the growth of obesity among its youth. Forty years ago, 11 out of 100 of them were fat. Now all of them are fat.
Ever since China opened up to the so called "market economy", it's traditional menu of rice and vegetables has been speedily overtaken by hamburgers. The Chinese Government had no choice but to declare war on obesity, which is now a national epidemic.
The advertising campaign publicizes the example of Liang Shun, a young man who lost 115 kg last year. The best-known line attributed to Don Quixote ("They are barking, Sancho; it's a sign that we are moving") does not appear at all in Cervantes' novel. Humphrey Bogart does not say the most famous line ("Play it again, Sam") attributed to him in the movie Casablanca.
Contrary to common belief, Ali Baba was not the leader of the 40 thieves, but their enemy; and Frankenstein was not the monster, but its inventor.
On first thought it seems incomprehensible, and on second thought as well: in the places where progress has progressed the most, people work the longest hours. The illness caused by too much work leads to death. It is called karoshi in Japanese. Now the Japanese are adding yet another word to the dictionary of technological civilisation: karojsatsu is the name given to suicides caused by hyperactivity, an increasingly frequent occurrence.
In May of 1998, France reduced the work week from 39 to 35 hours. Not only did such a measure prove effective against unemployment, but it also provided a rare instance of sanity in a world that has got a screw loose - or several, or all of them. For what is the use of machines if they can't reduce the amount of time humans spend at work? But the Socialists lost the elections and things in France went back to normal, so a law that had been dictated by common sense is already on its way out.
Technology produces cubic watermelons, featherless chickens, and a lifeless labour force. In a few hospitals in the United States robots already take on some nursing tasks. According to the Washington Post, robots work 24 hours a day, but they cannot make decisions because they lack common sense - an unwitting portrait of the ideal worker in the world to come.
According to the Gospel, Christ was born during the reign of King Herod. Since Herod died in 4 BC, Christ was born at least four years before himself.
Christmas Eve is celebrated in many countries with thundering salvos. Silent night; holy night! The sound of the fireworks drives dogs insane and deafens women and men of good will.
The swastika, which the Nazis identified with war and death, had been a symbol of life in Mesopotamia, India and America.
When George W. Bush suggested that forests be cut down in order to end forest fires, he was misunderstood. The President seemed a bit more incoherent than usual, but he was being consistent with his ideas. These are his holy remedies: to cure a headache, we shall behead the sufferer; to save the people of Iraq, we will bomb it to a pulp.
Our world is a great paradox that turns around in the universe. At the rate we are going, the owners of the planet will soon outlaw hunger and thirst in order to forestall shortages of food and water.
Eduardo Galeano, born in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1940, entered journalism as a political caricaturist and later was the editor of various weekly and daily papers. In 1973 he went into exile in Argentina, where he founded and edited the magazine Crisis. He lived in Spain from 1976 to 1984 and then returned to Uruguay, where he now lives. He is the author of Memory of Fire: Genesis (Volume One), Faces and Masks (Volume Two), and Century of the Wind (Volume Three). Other works are Open Veins of Latin America, Days and Nights of Love and War, The Book of Embraces, Walking Words, and Football in Sun and Shadow, published by Fourth Estate in England.
Of frocks & cocktails
Navigating the international textile scene (Dressing Barbie)
So, there I was, attending one of those typical Washington receptions. The type where you tell people how impressive you are and they, in turn, tell you how impressive they are, all the while looking over your shoulder, surveying the crowd for more important folk to "network" with.
The ones where you sip free cocktails and exchange business cards, concluding any conversation with "we must get together sometime". I was having what seemed, in my mind, a very unreal conversation with a US government official - a high-ranking one, no less - discussing the textile industry in South Africa. She made the point that in order for the South African industry to be internationally competitive, it had to update its style, which, according to her, was about 15 years behind. Moreover, they had to bring in some designers from abroad to create designs that would appeal to US consumers. I was in a bit of a quandary, because protocol at these affairs demand that you do not piss off people in high places, but at the same time I knew she was talking bollocks. I have always imagined South Africans as being reasonably stylish and up to date, definitely more so than the average American.
It is rather perplexing that the US gets to dominate and dictate the international trade in textiles. After all, this is the country where jeans, T-shirts and sneakers (read: takkies in South Africa) has become the national costume, where floral is always in and dowdy indicates average American. This is the country where cheap, uninspiring clothes are sold in huge department stores like Sears and Wal-Mart and, come every holiday (whether it's Christmas, Presidents' Day or 4th of July), everything goes on sale and Americans recycle their drab garb for more of the same. So, forgive me if I am not convinced that the apparel we produce is somehow not stylish enough for the American set.
Be that as it may, word is that the South African apparel industry ended up making the necessary changes in order to reap the benefits from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), a piece of US legislation designed to provide preferential access to goods coming from select African countries. This encounter, however, did make me think about the way we in the South change what we do - and often what we do best - to fit the whims of the North, peculiar as those whims may be.
Consider, for example, the history of international trade in textiles. The idea behind establishing an international system to regulate trade was to bring all goods under the international trading system through the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT), now administered by the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The goal was to make sure that nobody paid high taxes on imports, that quotas get eliminated and that all goods were treated the same, regardless of the country where they originated. And so all goods became part of an international trading system, except, of course, textiles.
Trade in textiles has been the one area where the South dominated. This is, of course, not extraordinary, since textiles originated in the South. Silk filament, for example, was first made into cloth in Ancient China. Flax, which may have been the first textile spun by people, was made into linen cloth in Ancient Egypt and the history of cotton is about as old as the history of India. Being the inventive people that Southerners are, centuries ago they started using these superb resources and created rich textiles, which they then started trading in. The peoples of the global South were already old hands in international textile trade when the North used their technologies to mechanise spinning and weaving in the 18th century. In fact this is what prompted the industrial revolution in England. The industrial revolution eventually spurred competition in both the manufacturing and trade in textiles between the more developed North and the less developed South.
Thus, in the sixties when corsets and girdles became obsolete and the mini and bell-bottoms were all the rage, developed countries somehow convinced developing countries to curb textile and apparel exports from the South. Developed countries asked for this special dispensation on a temporary basis, so that their industries could have time to adjust to the new situation of declining competitiveness. This Short Term Arrangement (STA) was supposed to last a year, allowing developed countries time to negotiate a fair agreement for everyone. However, the STA became the Long Term Arrangement (LTA), imposing quantitative restrictions on trade, specifying product-by-product and country-by-country import restrictions for another five years. Lo and behold, five years later the agreement was extended again and so it went on.
The South showed innovation again, and since the LTA covered only natural fibres, developing countries turned their attention to synthetic fibres. So, in the seventies, nylon and polyester was de rigueur, the South (mainly Asia) dominated the export market in synthetic fibres. The North responded, and to curtail the influx of synthetic imports from the south, they negotiated a Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA) on textiles that included synthetics and wool, thereby sealing the holes in the textile dyke. Another "temporary measure" that will, in terms of another agreement (the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing), stay in place until 2005.
Which brings us back to why this issue is so important in a country where the style police would have laboured day and night to bring some fashion order about. Fact is, the textiles, fibre and apparel industry is the largest manufacturing employer in the United States. According to some figures, it employs approximately two million white- and blue-collar workers directly in 48 states, and approximately two million more workers in supporting industries, such as farming, which supplies the sector with cotton and wool. What is also significant is that the textiles industry spans across several hundred congressional districts. In a country where the political agenda is dictated by those who can afford the best lobbyist, legislators and administrators are not indifferent to the political demands of this industry. And the industry's prime goal is to keep competitors out.
So how do we in the South begin to determine, as opposed to change, what we do best to suit the rest?
For starters, the industry needs to become more politically savvy. In a world that is increasingly ruled by bilateral trade agreements, the time is ripe. In May, the Southern Africa Customs Union, SACU, of which South Africa is a member, started negotiating a Free Trade Agreement. The agenda is a broad one and according to the chief negotiator of the US, "everything is on the table" (another titbit I picked up at yet another cocktail party).
However, the textile and apparel industry manufacturers, buyers, designers and so on should lobby the government to push for better trade terms as part of the FTA and not rely on AGOA, a unilateral trade arrangement subject to the whims of the US government and, more importantly, the lobbying power of the American manufacturing industry. The South African industry also needs to figure out the agenda of the US industry: know it, pre-empt, and react proactively to it. Face it, in order to survive, they will need to play the game the American way. Finally, they need to gear up for 2005 when all textiles come under the international trading system, not only doing their part in ensuring that that does in fact happen, but also positioning themselves to maximise the benefits.
Icons of the South
The recent 35th Anniversary issue of Rolling Stone magazine was dedicated to American Icons, and paid homage to brands that have global reach and appeal. It included Nike, Starbucks, IBM, Apple, Coca-Cola and a host of usual suspects, as well as products like the Mustang Convertible and Harley Davidson. It set us thinking about what the South has to offer the world as regards icons. While we may not have commercial icons of the scale and circumstance of Nike, we have images that have global reach and renown. For example, the Yin-Yang symbol which represents duality, and has been adopted the world over. Or iconic figures like Mandela and Gandhi. Or rising brands like Samsung (fastest growing brand in the world, according to a BusinessWeek survey) and Hyundai.
The question is: What would be on your list? Meanwhile, we proffer these as representatives of Icons of the South.
Ché Guevara
Ché chic lives on! From North to South, the revolutionary Ché Guevara, has become the quintessential rebel poster boy: his image lives as graffiti, on T-shirts, as a college poster standard, and even as tattoos on the bodies of Mike Tyson and Diego Maradona. Recently Madonna imitated his look with the cover of her album, American Life. The famous image of Ché, was courtesy of Cuban photographer, Alberto Korda, and dates back to 1960. But what is it about Guevara that keeps the legend alive over 30 years after his death? It must be more than his dashing good looks and that he looks cool in a beret. Some say that it's his passion, his beliefs and his idealism. That he lived his dream, tried to help the abused and died for his ideals. We know that his writings have become essential manuals for revolution - and was recommended reading through Latin America and Africa in the struggles for independence.
We are blessed because you have walked along the road of our heroes and heroines.
For centuries our African sky has been dark with suffering and foreboding.
But because we have never surrendered, for centuries the menace in our African sky has been brightened by the light of our stars.
The sense of wonder still pervades our ranks that out of the tumult and the babble of tongues, the veiled enmities and the bloodless wars, there could have arisen over our devastated land, out of this house, with its own history, the sun of hope.
Though standing like little giants, because we stand on your shoulders and other of your generation, we must proclaim it to the world that here, in these houses of the law-givers, we have striven to do the right things, because we have done otherwise would have been to condemn ourselves to carry, for all time, the burden of having insulted all the sacrifices you made.
On the 10th of May, 10 years ago, you stood in front of the Union Buildings in Pretoria to proclaim to the universe that the sun could never set on so glorious a human achievement as was celebrated that day. Black and White South Africans had, at last, arrived at the point when, together, they could say: Let us nurture our arts, and not our corruption. Let us communicate morality, and not our vices. Let us advance science, and not our dogmas. Let us advance civilization, and not abuse.
After a long walk, we too have arrived at the starting point of a new journey.
We have you, Madiba, as our nearest and brightest star to guide us on our way.
We will not get lost.
Steve Biko
Steve 'Bantu' Biko died because of his insatiable quest for South African's liberation and freedom from the chain of oppression. He started the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa to liberate black people from their own psychological oppression. The idea was to undermine the strategy of divide-and-rule, to create pride among black South Africans and confidence in their ability to throw off oppression. This was in direct defiance of the Apartheid propaganda, which taught that blacks were inferior, second-class citizens. Despite the struggle for freedom, Biko always stayed hopeful: "In time, we shall be in a position to bestow on South Africa the greatest possible gift - a more human face." When Steve Biko died in detention at the age of 31, he left behind him not just a political movement, but also a liberating mirror for black South African men and women.
Albert Einstein, Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, Aung San Su Kyi, the Dalai Lama are all icons of the modern age. Who was their icon? Gandhi. Between them, South Africa and India gave the world Mahatma Gandhi. And what did Gandhi give the world? Non-Violence by which justice could be achieved for oppressed peoples without loss of blood or life. Transparency by which, politics could be made consistent with honesty. Self-reliance by which, individuals, villages or nations could live on their own resources. Dialogue by which, one religion or culture could listen to and collaborate with another simplicity by which humans could treat gently on this earth we share with other spaces.
Ramachandra Guha
Look at the top 50 or so brands in the USA or UK and it comes as a shock to see the similarities. It's a surprise to many that 25% were launched prior to the year 1900, 33% between 1901 and 1949, 32% between 1950 and 1979 and only 10% between 1980 and today. The figures in South Africa, are along the lines of 25%, 42%, 26% and 5%. So lots of major brands launched before 1900, things like Mrs Balls, Pecks Anchovette, Castle Lager, Bakers Biscuits and Clover dairy products.
In 1996 the Interbrand publication: The World's Greatest Brands, published by Interbrand listed three South African brands: Outspan, Krugerrand and Oil of Olay (now owned by P&G;). But the figures do highlight the lack of new brands hitting the local scene in the last twenty years or so. For me, South Africa's icon brand is Sunlight, the way it has kept its origins but evolved, used by South Africans in all walks of life throughout the country. The best brand-building over the past decade could be Vodacom, certainly one of South Africa's most valuable brands of all time. And two icons to ponder: Madiba's face and Cape Town's Table Mountain.
Jeremy Sampson, Interbrand Sampson
In the home it is indispensable across several categories, for everyone, whoever you are.
Relentless growth, empowering everyone, the jewel in Telkom's crown (it owns 50% remember).
Outspan a brand in decline? And not sourced purely from South Africa anymore. But then in branding terms, countries of origin are largely passé. Question: how many countries supply 'Cape' apples - you could be in for a surprise!
Oil of Olay
With the huge resources of Procter & Gamble firmly behind it, a global superbrand adapted to different parts of the world i.e.. Oil of Olez in the Spanish speaking world.
The Kruger Rand The discovery of the main gold reef in 1886 in Johannesburg changed the face of history in South Africa, and the shimmering beauty of gold captivated all. With the Kruger Rand first minted in 1967, these ounces of gold are still a collector's dream. A single Kruger Rand can be drawn into a wire 80 kilometres long or hammered into a sheet of one hundred square feet. So why is it an icon of the South? Simple: just like the South, gold never tarnishes, it shines forever, and has universal appeal.
The Zero sign
Greetings in the name of His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I, Jah Rastafari Holy Emmanuel I King Selassie I...John Marcus Mosiah Garvey I. I and I who have the overstanding that the colours is a livication of Jah. So brethren and sistren chant with I, and be irie
Rally round the flag*
Rally round the red, gold, black and green
Red for the blood that flowed like a river
Green for the land of Africa
Yellow for the gold that they stole
Black for the people that they looted from
Glossary: note that italics were applied to words in the Rastafarian language idiom: "I and I" is used in place of the word "we" and is used to overcome a perceived separateness in the use of the terms "you" and "me"; "Overstanding" replaces understanding to denote an enlightenment which places one in a better position; "Irie" is a term use to denote acceptance, positive feelings or to describe something that is good; "Jah" is the common name which Rastas call their deified god-hero Haile Sellassie I; "Livication" is substituted for the word "dedication" - Rastas associate dedication with death (Source: BeerwolfŠ and the Humble Dutchie Creations). *Words of chant from song by David Hinds, which has become a rallying anthem for Rasta nationalists, "Rally Round the Flag".
Yin Yang, sunny shade, light dark, warm cold. A series of complimentary opposites, is the way Taoists refer to our universe. Under Yang are the principles of maleness and the sun and under Yin are the principles of femaleness and the moon. Each of these opposites produce the other: One cannot exist without the other and fulfilment is never reached alone. Like the North and South. Two parts of the same. And like this circle - inextricably linked, from now to eternity.
"Opulence and poverty, north and south. Never do they face off under conditions of equality - not in football nor in anything else, no matter how democratic the world claims to be. If the truth be told, there is only one place where north and south are on equal footing: the pitch at Fazendinha, a town on the banks of the Amazon in Brazil. The equator cuts the pitch in two, so each team plays one half in the southern hemisphere and the other half in the northern. But it's true. Despite all the despites, football is a universal passion. The art of the foot that makes the ball laugh or cry speaks a common language in all the countries and cultures of the north and south, east and west."
A few words about Diego Armando Maradona. A few words, a few questions. As often occurs with questions, they may only be answered with more questions: The popular heros who contain other people, the ones who carry millions inside them, are they the loneliest of all? Is Maradona filled with everyone and accompanied by no one? What is he running away from? The dogs of fame that he himself calls at the top of his lungs? Is he running in circles, pursued by the fame he pursues? Exhausted by it, stifled by it, can he no longer live because of it? Can he live without it? The fame that avenged his poverty and rescued him from scorn? Is Maradona addicted to cocaine or to success? Is there a clinic somewhere that cures such victims? Does Maradona refuse to retire because he refuses to die? Can't he watch games instead of playing them? Is it impossible to return to the crowd from which he came? Can't he accept that the days are gone when his adversaries didn't know whether to mark him or to ask for his autograph? Can't he accept a graceful ending to his triumphant career? Can't he stop forever talking as if he were trying to score goals with his mouth? Can't he stop working as if he were god of the stadiums? Are idols, like gods, condemned to burn up in their own flames? Must the winner inevitably be sacrificed, as in the ancient Aztec ball game, an offering to the crowd who loves him and demands him and devours him? Don't we all owe some understanding and gratitude to this rebel footballer who fought so hard for the dignity of his trade and has given us so much beauty?
Eduardo Galeano: Football, Myth and Reality
If football is the global language, then Edson Arantes do Nascimento, better known as Pelé, was an awesome orator. There is no disputing that he was the king of football for close to two decades. He brought an athleticism and unbridled joy to the game. In winning three World Cup medals with the uberteam, Brazil, Pele received world renown. Together with Ali, he was the first black sporting icon to have a global reach.
Like Galeano adds: Inside some footballers, multitudes play. They contain immense crowds, whose fortune or misfortune depends on the player's legs. And when the discriminated, the scorned, the condemned-to-eternal-failure recognise themselves in the success of a solitary hero, their sense of collective hope pulses in his moment of triumph. Even if he doesn't want it, even if he doesn't know it, his feats take on symbolic value, and through them the trampled dignity of many shines as if it had never been defeated.
CULTURAL TOURIST
Peru/Colombia/Brazil
CULTURA: Jungle Fervour
There are many ways to see the mighty Amazon Basin, ranging from the pricey to the downright dangerous. A down- to-earth way to do it would be to set off from Iquitos in Peru to Leticia in Colombia, then go onto Manuas, Santarem and finally Belem in Brazil. This way you get to see the entire Amazon river, and the communities and biodiversity it sustains, by boat.
You can only get to Iquitos by air or river. This steamy former Jesuit mission is teeming with motocarros (motorcycle taxis), whizzing about in every direction. The adventure begins at the river's edge where you can hitch a ride with a local supply boat heading to the border with Colombia and Brazil. As long as you travel light, have a hammock and a bit of courage - you'll survive. A strong stomach will come in handy as well. Picking a hammock in the local market requires some suss. Rope ones may look compact but they aren't very comfortable to sleep in. Peruvian hammocks tend to be a bit short and narrow, even if it's a double - they are simple, woven cotton with stripy patterns. If you're taller and want a softer wider fabric with tassels, a Brazilian hammock would be more your style. Just remember to get hooks and rope to put it up with on the boats.
The supply boats have two decks with villagers crammed into hammocks on the lower deck and large supplies (like live pigs, chainsaws and bunches of bananas) out front or on the top deck. The helmsman sits behind all the hammocks, crisscrossing the lower deck, unable to see a thing! Up front is a sturdy youth who gives expert handsignals behind his back as the boat motors along from one village to the next. It's not the fastest way to travel, but you do get to eat, sleep and fight for hammock swinging room with real Peruvians, Colombians and Brazilians.
There's a strong spirit of co-existence out here in the middle of nowhere. These people are pretty hardened to the precarious existence they lead. Most of them can paddle a dugout made out of a single tree trunk laden with their supplies, single-handedly, sitting Buddha-like up front using just one leaf shaped oar! A zillion things could get you in the jungle, no wonder Amazonians have such well developed senses. Although small in stature, the indigenous people are very physically resilient men and women, fending off the constant threat of malaria,yellow fever, cholera, hepatitis, and whatever else the river and the jungle come up with.
Their constant struggle for survival and impoverishment doesn't dampen their enthusiasm for football (there's a field of some sort in every village), fiery food like cerviche or dancing to the likes of the cumbia, a poppy, salsified rhythm from Colombia.The ever present salsa, cumbia and chicha can be heard blaring from anywhere that sells the local cerveza (beer) on a Saturday night while the locals dance away their cares.
MODA: Pret a Porteno
Buenos Aires is innately Italo-Spanish. There's invariably a Plaza Espana and a Plaza Italia in every corner of the vast expanse of Argentina. It's quite possible to encounter the Moorish blue painted tiles of Spain intermingling with fragrant wafts of noquis (gnocchi) on a humid afternoon. Palermo Viejo is a bohemian labyrinth of central Buenos Aires, crowded with exquisite boutiques with the emphasis on sexy, sultry, steamy estilo (style). Think Milano con Latino. Clothes are curvily cut, cleverly tailored and subtly detailed. Stillettos, slip-ons, lace-ups, Mary Janes and trainers can all be found in hand-tooled leather, a la Jimmy Choo. Just about every block has a zapateria (shoe shop). A definite case of foot fetishism you may ask? Nothing wrong with that.
BA is a slice of worldly sophistication in a key transport hub of South America, much like Rio de Janeiro and Caracas, further up north. Portenos (natives of Buenos Aires), like their Italian cousins, are never to be seen out doors without designer shades, immaculate make-up and a perfectly styled mane. Not a nation of morning people, everything really starts up just before noon. People go out really late too. After their siesta and primping and preening, the social animals are ready to dance all night. Which is why the streets are heaving at 3am and dead quiet at 7am. It's a bit of a shock if you're a seasoned nine-to-fiver.
MUSICA: Capital Beats
Funky flyers straight out of design annuals send you to neon lit clubs called Voodoo, Pasha and Hippopotamus. The type is slick, clean and cheeky, promising everything from deep house, funk, retro and electro to rock. Global Underground to Carlo Gardel-style tango, it's all possible on a late, late Thursday night. Mixed into the electro-throb are live offerings like the rock legend Charly Garcia, alternative stars Los Fabulosos Cadillacs and the satirical, Les Luthiers. All native to this impressive country, birthplace of Ernesto "Chi" Guevara , Diego Maradona and Evita Peron. Argentinos love to dance all night, sleep all morning and watch football all afternoon. What could be better?
DISENO: Hats off
By far the most picturesque city in Ecuador is Cuenca. This colonial town was founded by the Spanish in 1557, and retains its small town charm. The town has a profusion of churches. The overall effect of the architecture is overwhelmingly ornate. The town is bisected by the Rio Tomebamba. Parque Calderon is the town's central plaza which is overshadowed by the striking blue domes of the new cathedral. Not surprisingly, Cuenca is home to many religious and pagan rituals, especially over Semana Santa (Easter), Corpus Christi, Carnaval and it's Independence Day (3 November).
An abundance of crafts can be found in Cuenca and the surrounding countryside. The markets of nearby Gaulaceo, Chordeleg and Sigsig are good places to see Panama hats being made, sample pure cocoa, and choose hand woven straw baskets. Panama hats come in every shape, size and colour with many types of brim. Apparently, they can be rolled up to fit in a day pack. Millinery is something of an art form here. Labourers wearing these very same hats built the Panama Canal, hence the somewhat misplaced name.
Though Panama hats are made in many parts of Ecuador, Montecristi is the capital of the industry. For 150 years the superfinos have been woven in this sleepy town. They are made from straw fronds of the Carludovica Palmatas. Much beloved by the legendary Chicago mob, the wide-brimmed variety are often called 'El Capone'.
ARQUITECTURA: Pacific Walkways
Northwest of the hustle and bustle of Santiago de Chile, lies the historic town of Valparaiso, beside the Pacific. Navigating the sinewy, cobbled streets along the waterfront requires a sound sense of direction. Since there's none of that grid-like Spanish town planning in evidence here. Riding the ascensors (lifts) overlooking the old neighbourhoods is a low impact, visually satisfying way to spend an afternoon. It's kind of fitting that Pablo Neruda, that fine Chilean love poet had a home here called La Sebastiana. The colonial facades of the harbour front houses give Valparaiso an English colonial feel. As with any harbour, there's much cultural intermingling over Pisco Sours.
ARQUITECTURA: The Lost City
En route to majestic Machu Picchu (the only reason most people visit Peru) is another famed Inca city. Cuzco was the capital of the Inca Empire. The beautiful Inca stone walls, and the stepped and cobbled streets are constant reminders of its legendary place in the continent's history. Though overrun by tourists, Cuzco still retains much of its mystique. The central hub of the town is the Plaza de Armas, where the red and white Peruvian flag flies proudly alongside the rainbow flag of Tahuantinsuyo, representing the Inca Empire.
To reach the famed Machu Picchu, you can hike for days on the Inca Trails or zigzag to Aguas Calientes (hot waters) by train and stroll up to it. Either way you will find yourself marvelling at the mighty Rio Urubamba at some point. Hiram Bingham happened to stumble upon "The Lost City" in 1911. Back then it was hidden by undergrowth, today it has been laid bare to hordes of tourists. One can't help wondering if it wouldn't have been preferable to have kept it under wraps.
The grand edifices of Machu Picchu expand out from a central plaza. There's a lengthy staircase to the Hut of the Caretaker of the Funerary Rock, from where you can appreciate the whole design, including Intihuatang, the major shrine of the city. Though there's a sundial at the summit, it was used to discern the seasons rather than the hours. Behind the ruins is a steep peak called Huayna Picchu, which is worth scaling to get an alternative view of the ruins. The geometrical intricacy of Machu Picchu is overwhelming, as is the sheer scale of it. Just looking all the way down into the forest, one wonders how on earth the Incas managed to get all that rock up to there and construct a city out of it that fits together so precisely.
FOTOGRAFIA: 26hr photo
From the Chilean desert town of San Pedro de Atacama, the driest place on earth, it's possible to travel through a rather "lateral" landscape all the way to the Salar de Uyuni (salt desert) in Bolivia. It takes around 26 hours by rail but the spectacular moon-like scenery makes the mission worth it. The terrain goes from amazing striated rock formations in Chile to the barren salt deserts of Bolivia. Sliding along at a snail's pace to the high altitude beauty of Bolivia, it's hard to keep all this unspoilt wonder in focus when your head is beginning to spin from lack of oxygen. Once you arrive in Uyuni, Bolivia, a traditional indigenous village, the only way is up. Up to Potosi (4070m),the highest city in the world. You'll need a strong cup of mate de hojas (coca tea) to clear your head enough to take in the balconied mansions and ornate churches of this former silver mining city.
DISENO: Social fabric
The Spanish colonial architecture of Sucre is something to behold. Sucre came into existence in 1538. Ever since then it has been considered Bolivia's cultural capital. It was here that independence was declared in 1825. Named after its liberator, Simon Bolivar, Bolivia is home to an impressive array of traditional weaving. The Museo Textil Etnografico contains definitive examples of traditional weaving. At present,the Museum is reviving the art of weaving in the surrounding villages. The weaving is done on a drop spindle or a heddle loom. Initially llama and alpaca wools were used, now sheep's wool is commonplace. Detailed zoomorphic patterns are traditional - fanciful animal forms, of birds and horses in particular are popular. The rare red and black designs from Potolo are especially sought after. The finest work combines expert spinning and a tight weave. In the past only women did the weaving, now men are being encouraged to take up the hand looms resulting in a whole new style and set of imagery evolving. The colours are stronger and motifs are more angular and energetic. The Museum has fine examples of bags, ponchos and mantas (blankets) from Tarabuco, Candelaria and Potolo.
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Catholic Search
Dressing with Dignity
from Chapter 3 Corruption of Fashions
"And the eyes of them both were opened: and when they perceived themselves to be naked, they sewed together fig leaves, and made themselves aprons... And the Lord God made for Adam and his wife, garments of skins, and clothed them." - (Genesis 3:7, 21)
Evidently, the "aprons" that Adam and Eve made for themselves didn't provide enough coverage in God's eyes, so He made them garments of skins and dressed them properly. Have you ever wondered what those skin garments looked like? You can bet they weren't those skimpy "Tarzan-and-Jane" outfits seen in the movies.
In the verses from Genesis cited above, the Latin Vulgate uses the word tunicas. Even for someone not well versed in Latin, I think it's obvious that that word means "tunic." The Hebrew word used is ktnvt, the root of which means "cover."
Tunics of pre-Christian biblical and ancient Roman times were flowing garments that extended past the knees and covered the arms and shoulders. I feel pretty confident that, after that whole embarrassing issue in the Garden with the Serpent, Adam and Eve made sure their children and grandchildren all dressed modestly.
Adam and Eve lived long enough to see many generations of their children grow up and have children of their own. Scripture tells us that Adam died shortly before Noah was born. Imagine Adam and Eve's grief at having to watch their children grow up, knowing that, because of their sin, their children would never experience anything like Adam and Eve had in the Garden of Eden. Right down to today, children often have to suffer because of the sins and mistakes of their parents.
I think that another outcome from that incident in Paradise is that women have an inordinate interest in clothing. Yes, we can't deny it! I can just imagine women in Moses' day gossiping about what the other women were wearing. Not only that: simply consider how much and how often women's fashions change compared to men's. But that doesn't mean that men don't have their own frivolous pastimes. Look at how many men have gotten overly involved in competition and sports, sometimes to the exclusion of everything else. ESPN. Need I say more?
I think it's because of women's interest in clothing that we even have a record to trace. There are historians who have kept track of this stuff! Let's take a look.
From the time of Adam and Eve, men and women have dressed with dignity. Straight through the era of Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses and King David, women all wore long, flowing, graceful "tunics" that covered their shoulders and usually their arms and extended to the ground, and they would wear some sort of veil to cover their heads.
Early pagan Greek women wore long flowing robes and gowns, with their heads covered wiht some sort of veil or hair ornament. The garment was called a chiton (begins with a "k" sound and rhymes with "tighten"). The basic male garment was also the chiton, but it was usually only knee-length. The chiton was made of a rectangle of fabric which was fastened at the shoulders and belted at the waist. The garment could be either sleeved or sleeveless. Both styles were very graceful.
In Rome, the women wore a floor-length sleeveless tunic (men wore a knee-length tunic), over which they wore a floor-length stola, which was a tunic-type garment with sleeves. It was belted at the waist, and in public they would finish off their outfit with an elegant veil.
Basic styles in the Christian West didn't change much for centuries. From the historically accepted "Fall of Rome" in 476 A.D. until the time of the Crusades, the wealthier women wore elegant gowns that reached the floor, complete with long sleeves and often a veil, especially for married women. Marriage often meant a change in hair style too: from loose and flowing to pinned up in some type of a bun. Women would sometimes wear two tunic-type garments, one over the other.
The veil was worn over a wimple, a piece of white fabric which covered the head and neck and sometimes even the chin. Cloistered nuns still wear a wimple (as in photos of St. Therese of Lisieux.) The Collettine Poor Clares simplified their wimple in the early 20th century so that it no longer covers their chin.
A "girdle," which was a belt or sash worn over the tunic, was gracefully wrapped around the waist or over the hips.
It wasn't until the late 1500's that fashions became more ornate, although the basic clothing remained the same: long gowns, long sleeves, with some sort of head-covering. Think of "Elizabethan England," with the ruffle around the neck and large "leg-of-mutton" sleeves, and you'll get a good idea of what they were wearing during that time period. Lots of attractive embroidery and beautiful decoration were also included on the clothing. Instead of wimples, women wore fancy head-dresses of various styles, sometimes with a veil attached to the back.
Around this time, the corset was introduced. This was a stiff undergarment that shaped the bodice and narrowed the waist. The corset would become one of the classic elements of women's clothing. In some fashion eras, it was used in order to achieve a very tiny waist size.
A "fashion revolution" took place around the time of the French Revolution (1789-1804) and Napoleon Bonaparte (1804-1815), with Napoleon's wife Josephine setting a trend of high-waisted dresses with straight, boyish silhouettes and flattened bust lines. This is also the "Jane Austen" look, as seen in movies like Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility: high waist, low-cut bodice, long straight skirt, long narrow sleeves or short puffy sleeves or a combination of both. Also notable in women's clothing at this time period were more masculine trimmings and accessories, such as top hats instead of bonnets, and military braid on their garments. This "fashion revolution" didn't last long, as women's fashions soon returned to their traditional styles.
In the young United States of America at this time, waistlines were usually at the natural waistline and styles were fancy. Men were wearing ruffled shirts, tight knee-breeches and powdered wigs, as seen in portraits of George Washington.
In the mid-1800's, skirts became very full, with hoops and crinoline petticoats underneath. Photos of ladies during the Civil War show this style. Men were wearing top hats. Then came the bustle at the back of the dress. A few years later before and after the year 1900, the styles featured wide shoulders with large (sometimes enormous) sleeves, and tiny waists. (There's the corset again!)
Incidentally, in all of this discussion about fashions, we're talking about what is worn by good women, which has historically meant women who are chaste, whether married or unmarried. On the other hand, women who are making a living by living an openly unchaste life have historically worn clothing that is intentionally immodest and sexually provocative.
At the beginning of the 1900's, the styles start to look a little more familiar to us, a little more "modern." Hemlines move up a few inches above the ankle, and fashions are overall simpler than before.
You'll notice that one theme has remained constant in women's fashions during the six thousand years of human history: Women wore loose, flowing, feminine gowns that reached the floor, usually with long sleeves and some sort of head covering or hair ornament. But fashions were about to change radically, and not just in the amount of fullness or the length of the skirt. So what happened?
Women's clothing trends followed roughly the same pattern as the trends in society (and helped to shape those trends.) Social scientists point to the Industrial Revolution (starting roughly around 1800) - which enabled women to work outside the home. Then in the year 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was passed, giving women the right to vote. The Roaring Twenties were the period when we start to see a dramatic departure from the classic style of dressing!
Short hair and the boyish silhouette of the flapper look, with skirts raised to the knees and sleeveless bodices, emerged for women. But where did those unprecedented styles and ideas come from? Certainly not from the past few thousand years of human history. Yes, the times were changing - but one particular woman pushed them to change faster.
Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel, who would become famous under the name of Coco Chanel, played a very important role in the change of women's fashions. It has been said that she revolutionized women's fashions. By the way, the perfume "Chanel No. 5" was named after Coco Chanel.
Coco Chanel's personal life was tragic, beginning with the death of her mother and abandonment by her father by the time she was 12. At 17, she moved to an orphanage run by nuns. Later, she picked up her nickname when she went through a short career as a dancer, actress and cabaret singer. Her affair with a wealthy man financed her first hat business, located in Paris.
Another boyfriend, Arthur ("Boy") Capel, financed her expansion from hats to clothing. Her early fashions were women's clothing made out of wool jersey (stretchy knit fabric, not woven) - which had been used only for men's underwear - and she used it to make clingy dresses. Those sexy, clingy styles brought her the beginning of her success. Coco would also make outfits for herself out of men's sport coats and ties.
During World War I (1914-1918), the German occupation of Northern France meant the fashion business in Paris was cut off for some years. But shortly after the Great War, Chanel was back in business. By the 1920's, Chanel's fashion house had expanded considerably, and her short, straight dress set a fashion trend with its "little boy" look.
One evening, Coco accidentally scorched her hair with a curling iron before going to the Paris Opera. She cut her hair very short and went to the opera anyway. Her short hair style, known as "bobbed" hair, became a trend.
About that same time, designers Yves Saint-Laurent and Courreges introduced dressy pantsuits for women. However, nearly all women rejected the idea of wearing pants, and designers didn't try that again until much later.
As mentioned, Coco Chanel was very influential on the fashion scene. In addition to the bobbed hairstyle and the unisex style of dressing, she introduced the "little black dress," the use of clingy knits, slacks (in her own wardrobe) and women's bathing suits. Wait...bathing suits? That's right.
The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced "bathing" (swimming) in bath houses. These places became recreational centers where men would also meet, discuss current events, etc. Bathing for men and women was separate, and mixed bathing was even condemned by Emperors Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius, and in the Eastern Roman Empire by Justinian I. Some may say that it was different in Ancient Rome since people swam in the nude - but have you been to the beach lately? What I've seen some women wearing isn't that far from nudity!
Separate bath houses for men and women continued in one form or another through the centuries. By the 1400's, mixed swimming occurred in some establishments, and these places were known for their promiscuity. Mixed bath houses were considered hotbeds of vice, as only women with loose morals would swim in mixed company. Actually, the word "stew" originally meant bath house but came to be another name for a brothel.
Over the centuries, respectable bath houses continued to be separate. Before the mid-18th century, mixed swimming was condemned by Catholics, Protestants, Jews and Muslims as an occasion for vice. From the latter half of the 1800's, women who went bathing - usually outdoors - wore an elaborate bathing outfit which included sleeves, a skirt, and loose pantaloons to below the knee. The fabric used was basically the same heavy fabric used in other clothing - so today we would hardly even consider such an outfit a "real" bathing suit.
But Coco Chanel introduced a bathing suit made out of lightweight, clingy jersey; it still had long sleeves, extended past the knees, and was covered by a long skirt. This sounds like plenty of coverage to us now, but back then the suit caused quite a stir...and a fair share of scandal.
In 1931, movie mogul Ssamuel Goldwin hired Chanel as fashion manager for the stars. However, the divas of the day apparently did not like Chanel's unglamorous clothing. Also, filmgoers wanted to escape the Depression by watching movies that featured stars wearing beautiful clothing. Due to her affair with a German officer, Chanel fell out of favor. She spent 15 years in Switzerland in exile.
During World War II (1939-1945), women in the U.S. worked in factories, where they would wear trousers and coveralls. But outside of the workplace, women kept their feminine style of dressing.
In 1946, a bomb was dropped in the fashion world. It was called the bikini. I always wondered where the name "bikini" came from, and amazingly enough, I found out through an article written in 1997 by Steve Rushin in Sports Illustrated.
Rushin relates that Louis Reard, a French automotive engineer who was running his mother's lingerie business, named his new two-piece, "atom-sized" swimsuit after the testing site of the atomic bomb in the Pacific Ocean: Bikini Atoll. Since the bikini was so tiny, none of the models in Paris would wear it on the fashion runways. So, according to Rushin, Reard hired Micheline Bernardini, whose regular job was as a nude dancer at the Casino de Paris. She "had no qualms" about strolling down the runway in this bathing suit.
Rushin continues:
The world took notice. In Catholic countries - Spain, Portugal, and Italy - The bikini was banned. Decency leagues pressured Hollywood to keep it out of the movies. One writer said it's a "two piece bathing suit which reveals everything about a girl except for her mother's maiden name."
At first, the bikini was rejected in the U.S. by the "prudish Americans," and a 1954 issue of Vogue magazine featured a swimsuit with matching jacket as "still another way of looking dressed, not undressed." As recently as 1957, Modern Girl magazine sniffed, "It is hardly necesary to waste words over the so-called bikini, since it is inconceivable that any girl with tact and decency would ever wear such a thing."
Other bikini "landmarks" in the U.S. would be the song "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini," which came out in 1960, and the movie Beach Party, starring Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon (1963). This movie, which was followed by several sequels, featured young women dancing in bikinis on screen. Interestingly, Annette Funicello herself refused to wear a bikini in any of her movies, though she occasionally wore a two-piece suit. Her fellow actress, Donna Loren, also refused, saying, "I don't believe in going up there, sticking a bikini on and shaking around."
(... Several paragraphs ommitted ...)
Advertising agencies quickly prepared marketing research to find out the reaction of men to a woman wearing pants. Do you know what they found? Using newly developed technology, they tracked the path that a man's eyes take when looking at a woman in pants. They found that when a man looked at a woman in pants from the back, he looked directly at her bottom. When he looked at a woman wearing pants from the front, advertisers found that his eyes dropped directly to a woman's most private and intimate area. Not her face! Not her chest!
Advertisers figured out a long time ago how to apply Gestalt psychology and the Law of Closure and the Law of Good Continuation when divising advertising that is aimed at men. Gracious, what does all of that mean? It means that the eye will follow a line, and a viewer will complete the picture with his or her imagination. Think of the little AOL logo man. A stick figure, right? But we all know what he's doing.
Advertisers know that the same holds true when a man views a woman wearing slacks or a skirt with slits. Men's eyes will follow the lines right up her legs and finish the picture in their imagination. Women's eyes may do the same thing, but since women don't have the same type of temptations, their imaginations don't complete the picture in the same way as men's do.
I have received letters and emails from men who had read the first edition of the book and wanted me to tell women that they didn't need that marketing study to tell them what they already knew: When a woman is wearing pants, a man's eyes will (much to his embarrassment) fall to a woman's crotch. These men also pointed out that it is something that happens without their wanting to do it, or without their realizing it. It's the nature of men "to look" ... and they do! By the way, you'll notice that, in ads, models in trousers will sit with their legs far apart. This isn't being done by accident.
For the rest of the chapter which discusses fashion trends from 1960 - present, plus 6 MORE fascinating chapters, visit TANBooks.com!
Taken from Dressing with Dignity by TAN Books & Publishers, Inc.
Other pages discussing Catholic doctrine and history:
The Sacred Heart of Jesus - Learn all about this beautiful devotion to Our Lord.
The Shroud of Our Lord - Discusses the convroversy over the Shroud of Turin - is it real or a forgery? Evidence points to its authenticity.
Infinite Mercy of Jesus - Learn how the Heart of Jesus has a strong desire to love and pardon sinners who sincerely return to Him.
The Blessed Virgin Mary - Immaculate, pure, and our most powerful intercessor after Our Lord
The Holy Slavery - To Jesus, through Mary -- the same way Jesus came to us (through His Mother)
Edifying and Beautiful - Learn about God's Providence in regard to the Blessed Virgin Mary, her graces and merits, the details of her life!
Our Lady of Fatima - Her predictions and warning for the future.
Saints who Saw Mary - Tells the story of 17 great Saints who saw and heard the Blessed Mother, whom they were so devoted to!
Wearing Pants Incites Men to Lust - Learn how women's fashions have corrupted, how evil forces are behind most modern fashions, and much more! Includes practical advice.
How to Run a Catholic Family - Discusses how to bring the Catholic Faith into family life! How the family can best celebrate feast days, and make use of good Catholic customs.
A TRUE History Book - This premise of this history book: The coming of Jesus Christ was the most important event in history.
Catholic History Workbook - Fascinating; hard to put down! It makes more sense of History than secular books which explain things in a disjointed manner.
Homeschooling Workbook - With questions for every chapter of Christ in the Americas - multiple choice, fill in the blank, true/false, and more!
Crisis in the Church
Read about St. Athanasius - faithful and courageous, known as the "champion of orthodoxy". One of the 33 Doctors of the Church!
St. Athanasius - The great defender of the Catholic Faith against Arianism
Crisis in the Church - How the enemies of God plot to overthrow the Church from within.
Revolution in the Church - How Vatican II and its aftermath caused a crisis in the Catholic Church.
Freemasonry - Pope Leo XIII unmasks this evil society, and forbids all Catholics to join.
Combination of ALL Heresies - Pope St. Pius X unmasks the Modernists, giving us their doctrine and methods!
Vatican II - Impartially discusses what happened at Vatican II -- mostly quotes from the men that were there!
Fascinating if true - A man's deathbed confession.
St. Therese, the Little Flower
St. Therese the Little Flower - Under obedience, she tells the story of her childhood, religious life, etc.
Mother of St. Therese - Learn about the woman who raised 5 saintly daughters, all of which entered the religious life!
Father of St. Therese - Learn about the man who let the holy family of Lisieux so well, that his 5 daughters entered a convent!
From the Sister of St. Therese - In her biography, she writes many things not found in Story of a Soul.
Lives of the Saints
Learned Mystic and Theologian - St. John of the Cross suffered greatly, even prison, for the Carmelite Reform. Father of the Discalced Carmelites.
Beautiful story of a young girl - Anne de Guigne was clever and passionate, yet practiced humility and all the other virtues -- and she died at the age of 10.
Refuge for Billions of Catholics - Catholics have always prayed to these saints in their necessities. St. Blaise, St. Christopher, etc. Includes countless novenas!
St. Anne - Grandmother of Our Lord - According to Ven. Mary of Agreda, she possessed all the virtues, especially purity. Learn more about her!
Young Italian Maiden - Who suffered the Stigmata every Friday, and was pious from her youth. St. Gemma Galgani, called the "Gem of Christ"
Heroic Chastity - Read how St. Maria Goretti had to give up her life to preserve her purity! She is called the patroness of youth.
All Glory to Almighty God - Well documented cases of the miraculous taken from the lives of the Saints. Fascinating!
Defeated Persian Sorcerers - The glorious life of St. Jude Thaddeus, Apostle and cousin of Our Lord, as taken from ancient Catholic traditions.
Angels and Devils - Learn all that Scripture and Tradition teaches us about the pure spirits God created. Fascinating and enlightening!
Life of Mary Magdalen - Learn fascinating details of her life that you didn't know before! From the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich.
The Angel of the Judgment - At a critical point in Church history, his preaching and miracles served as a warning of impending chastisement.
Miracles All His Life - The miraculous was very common in the life of St Gerard Majella, great saint and Patron of Expectant Mothers.
Eyewitness to Gospel events - Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich saw so many biblical events in her visions. Be inspired and edified by her virtuous life!
United with Jesus Christ - She suffered for souls and for the Church, and received countless visions all her life. One man wrote down her visions for YOUR sake!
Never a Moment Wasted - this zealous missionary and client of Our Lady is a model for all Catholics. Read about his saintly life.
She saw her Guardian Angel - this innocent girl tells us the story of her saintly life -- beautiful, inspiring!
Servants of Satan Establish Paganism - Astrology, witchcraft, and countless systems of idolatry set up after the Confusion of Tongues.
Fervent Catholic Indians - Father De Smet was like an Apostle, suffering greatly to bring the True Religion to the Native American peoples.
Classic Sermons for Lent - On the Last Things, aimed at moving you to serve God even more faithfully. By St. Francis de Sales.
Those Who Met St. Padre Pio - Stories of conversions, miracles, etc. from those who met this living Crucifix. Recently canonized.
Beat Up by the Devil - This great Saint had prophetic visions in the form of dreams, and often physically struggled with the devil.
Life of St Gertrude - Our Lord appeared to her many times, and she was much loved by Him because of her purity.
Jesus Dearly Loved Her - Because of her love and confidence in him, her heart was His favorite place to dwell, after the Blessed Sacrament.
The Dolorous Passion - Giving never before seen details of Our Lord's Passion! From the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich.
Braving the English Torture - St. Margaret Clitherow was a wife and mother - and she kept the Faith even to martyrdom!
Details of The Good Thief - Learn about his life with a gang of brigands, how he helped the Holy Family, and much more.
Classic Catholic Sermons - You won't fall asleep here! Sermons by a Doctor of the Church, filled with energy and the spirit of Faith.
Miracles Taking Place Today - St. Philomena is famous for the number of miracles surrounding her shrine - here are some of them.
Isabella of Spain - A holy Catholic queen, and a valiant defender of Christ's kingdom.
St Anthony - the Wonder Worker - His life was filled with proofs that God was with him.
St Vincent de Paul - famous for his charities, this great Saint was canonized only 77 years after his death!
The Cure of Ars - Three of him could destroy the devil's kingdom! Read about his physical struggles with Satan.
St. Rita - Nothing is impossible with God! Her life is an example for us all, especially to mothers.
Sermons of St. Francis de Sales - Here he speaks all about the kinds of prayer. Learn what (and what not) to do!
St. Teresa of Avila - She founded many convents, which were to adhere to the strict observance of the Carmelite Rule.
St. Elizabeth of Hungary - Known for her generosity to the poor
Alexandrina - A victim soul who suffered the Passion on Fridays
Jesus, Prisoner of Love - Meditations on the most beautiful doctrine of the Catholic Faith - the Real Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist
Spiritual Exercises - Written by a great saint, these meditations have converted millions of souls.
Manual of the Spiritual Life - Your duties as a penitent toward your confessor/spiritual director.
Lessons from Calvary - 31 meditations on Our Lord's Passion that will help you to easily avoid sin.
Finding Peace of Heart - Only by knowing how to follow God's will, can a person be truly happy.
Strategy for Getting to Heaven - We must learn how the devil works on us, how to avoid his snares, to win the "War for our Souls".
How to Fight the Deadly Sins - Timeless advice on how to combat each of the Capital sins.
A Manual for Confession - How to benefit from the Sacrament of Penance: common pitfalls, scruples, how to make a good exam of conscience, and much more.
Seven Deadly Sins - Learn about the different forms of pride, avarice, lust, anger, envy, gluttony and sloth.
How to Pray Well - How we should pray to God - with confidence, perseverance, simplicity. Advice from St. Alphonsus Liguori!
How to Raise Good Catholic Children - With examples from the saints and wise and thoughtful commentary - a must-read for every parent!
Haunted by Children She Aborted - Testimony from her own mouth: how she had 7 abortions, and how her life changed afterward.
Catholic Doctrine on Marriage - Common sources of marital strife and how to avoid them, the differences between the sexes, periodic abstinence, and more.
Your Labor of Love - The author talks about isolation, sufferings, the modern culture, and more.
Spiritual Growth during Pregnancy - How expecting a child can bring a woman closer to God and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Includes much practical advice.
St. Joseph - After Our Lady, the holiest mere man who ever lived
Privileges of St. Joseph - Why St. Joseph receives so much honor in the Church
Novenas to St. Joseph - Universal Patron - Pray to St. Joseph for all of your needs - Jesus, now in Heaven, still listens to him as a father!
The Last Things/Afterlife
Death, Judgment, Hell, Heaven - The Saints always thought about their last end, and so should we. Brings the reality of eternity before your eyes!
Life Everlasting - Discusses death, judgment, heaven and hell; also the vices and virtues
Beyond the Grave - What we know about Purgatory from sacred history and the lives of the saints.
Peaceful Rest or Almost Like Hell? - Discusses the two opposing Catholic viewpoints on the subject of Purgatory.
Purgatory - Learn what the Catholic Church has always taught on this subject.
What Will Hell be Like? - Discusses the sufferings of Hell in detail.
Eternity of Hell - Including a story from a soul who was sent there!
Catholic Doctrine and Dogma
What is Sanctifying Grace? - Learn all about the nature of Grace, what it does for us, how to increase it in our souls, and its importance.
Catholic Dogma of Grace - God's grace vs. man's ability to merit for his actions.
Sin and Forgiveness - True Catholic doctrine with quotes from Scripture and the Fathers.
The Intellect of the Angels - What Catholic theology says about the angels.
Simple Easy-to-Understand Catechism - For Catholics to better learn their faith, or to give to possible converts.
Sodomy Condemned - The Catholic Church has always condemned this unnatural vice - see proofs from the Magisterium, Church laws, Scripture, canons, and more!
The Mass Keeps the World in Existence - and other lofty considerations; helps Catholics appreciate the real value of the Mass.
The Catholic Mass - Why it is so priceless; relates actual events which prove it!
The Catholic Faith - Easy to read and follow, using the most solid Catholic doctrine. Very thorough.
What Does The Bible Say About Marriage? - Find all Bible quotes about "Anger", for example, gathered into one page.
Defending the Faith/Apologetics
The REAL Luther - From the pens of Protestant historians, and Luther's own (foul) mouth - learn about the real man.
The Faith of our Fathers - A topic-by-topic explanation of what the Catholic Faith teaches. Great for apologetics!
The Bible Explained - Why were all those various stories placed in the Bible for us to read? Here is why!
How Christ Changed Society - Compare the ancient world with the world influenced by Christ.
Scripture Alone for Salvation? - Even the Bible itself denies this! Read 21 compelling reasons why Tradition is also necessary.
The Bible is a Catholic book - Convincing arguments show clearly that criticism of the Catholic Church has no truthful basis! Excellent apologetics based on history.
Defend Catholic Dogmas - Find rational arguments for what Catholics believe.
Theory of Evolution
Evolution Hoax Debunked - A learned scientist discovers that there is no evidence FOR Evolution, but plenty AGAINST it!
Proofs against Evolution - Plenty of evidence against Evolution is out there, but it is often ignored by the media. Fascinating!
Evolution is a Fraud - So say countless biologists and scientists! Read more...
King of Jerusalem - Balwin IV of Jerusalem leads the Crusaders in this exciting novel.
Exciting Adventures - Tom Playfair and his friends at a Jesuit boarding school. Exciting, Catholic, fun!
More Catholic Adventures - written by Fr. Finn - Percy Wynn meets Tom Playfair and friends, and enters the boarding school (St. Maure's).
Perpetual Motion Boy - The Fr. Finn boarding school universe expands with Claude Lightfoot and other interesting characters.
That Football Game - written by Fr. Finn - Which is more important? English class, a math competition, or an upcoming football game?
Return to Catholic Doctrine Homepage
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Aviation militaire
Ouvrages J.P.Otelli
Humour-aventures
> THE A380 FLIGHT TEST CAMPAIGN
THE A380 FLIGHT TEST CAMPAIGN
On a fine April morning in 2005, the world’s biggest passenger plane gracefully lifted off a Toulouse runway and soared away on its first test flight.
For the test crews, led by Claude Lelaie, it marked the beginning of the final development campaign, putting five planes through their paces in over 2,000 flying hours, and culminating in the successful certification of the Airbus A380.
Day after day, as test flights proceeded (some proving to be especially ‘challenging’), Claude Lelaie took notes. His book provides a faithful record of the truly intense campaign to bring this giant of the skies into service. It takes you on board the test flights of an extraordinary machine and gives insights into the workings of the Airbus corporation.
The book is richly illustrated with many, sometimes spectacular, photos.
Claude Lelaie is a qualified engineer with a distinguished career as test pilot, fighter pilot and airline pilot, during which he has clocked up more than 16,000 flying hours, including 9,000 in testing. He joined Airbus in 1988 where he was from 1994 Head of Flight Tests and then Head of Product Safety. He was pilot-in-command on the first flights of both the A340-600 and the A380. Claude Lelaie lives in Toulouse, France.
Autres Passions
Editions Jean-Pierre Otelli, 29, rue Jules Guesdes 92300 Levallois-Perret France
Email: shop@editions-jpo.com
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Pressure builds in advance of Senate floor vote on ENDA, 60 Senators likely to vote yes
Nevada Sen. Dean Heller, a Republican, announced today he will support ENDA when it comes up for a floor vote tonight.
Last Thursday, on Halloween night, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid filed cloture for the Senate version of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA), which would prohibit businesses from making employment decisions based on sexual orientation or gender identity, setting up a floor vote on the measure for tonight after 5 p.m.
It is almost certain that the measure will need 60 votes to overcome an expected Republican filibuster on the cloture vote. After a successful vote, the Senate can observe up to 30 hours of debate before a final simple majority vote is required for passage.
Last week, West Virginia Sen. Joe Manchin became the final Democrat to announce support for ENDA, meaning that the entire 55-member Democratic caucus will vote for cloture on the bill. (The 55th Democratic vote comes from the Senate’s newest member, New Jersey’s Cory Booker.) ENDA also enjoys the co-sponsorship of two Republicans, Susan Collins of Maine and Mark Kirk of Illinois.
Two additional Republicans, Orrin Hatch of Utah and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, supported ENDA in a committee vote this summer; if they vote for the bill on the Senate floor, it will be just one vote shy of passage. (Both Hatch and Murkowski have given themselves room to back away from the bill, however, as the Washington Blade reported last week.)
Assuming Hatch and Murkowski do vote yes on ENDA, Republican Sen. Dean Heller could be the 60th vote for the measure, according to BuzzFeed’s Chris Geidner, who tweeted a link to a press release issued by the senator:
After listening to Nevadans’ concerns about this issue from a variety of viewpoints and after numerous conversations with my colleagues, I feel that supporting this legislation is the right thing to do. Under the leadership of this Governor, as well as the legislature over the past several years, Nevada has established a solid foundation of anti-discrimination laws. This legislation raises the federal standards to match what we have come to expect in Nevada, which is that discrimination must not be tolerated under any circumstance.
In advance of tonight’s vote, President Barack Obama wrote a post on the Huffington Post‘s blog late yesterday titled “Congress Needs to Pass the Employment Non-Discrimination Act”:
[M]illions of LGBT Americans go to work every day fearing that, without any warning, they could lose their jobs — not because of anything they’ve done, but simply because of who they are.
It’s offensive. It’s wrong. And it needs to stop, because in the United States of America, who you are and who you love should never be a fireable offense.
That’s why Congress needs to pass the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, also known as ENDA, which would provide strong federal protections against discrimination, making it explicitly illegal to fire someone because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. This bill has strong bipartisan support and the support of a vast majority of Americans. It ought to be the law of the land.
Americans ought to be judged by one thing only in their workplaces: their ability to get their jobs done. Does it make a difference if the firefighter who rescues you is gay — or the accountant who does your taxes, or the mechanic who fixes your car? If someone works hard every day, does everything he or she is asked, is responsible and trustworthy and a good colleague, that’s all that should matter.
Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple, published his own weekend op-ed in the Wall Street Journal in favor of the measure:
At Apple, we try to make sure people understand that they don’t have to check their identity at the door. We’re committed to creating a safe and welcoming workplace for all employees, regardless of their race, gender, nationality or sexual orientation.
As we see it, embracing people’s individuality is a matter of basic human dignity and civil rights. It also turns out to be great for the creativity that drives our business. We’ve found that when people feel valued for who they are, they have the comfort and confidence to do the best work of their lives.
So long as the law remains silent on the workplace rights of gay and lesbian Americans, we as a nation are effectively consenting to discrimination against them.
This morning, Republican House Speaker John Boehner reaffirmed his opposition to ENDA. “The Speaker believes this legislation will increase frivolous litigation and cost American jobs, especially small business jobs,” Boehner spokesman Michael Steel said in a statement.
Check back tonight here at EqualityOnTrial for updates on the Senate floor vote!
Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel orders National... Federal judge allows challenge to Ohio’s...
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Newsletter Jul 19
Activities Round Up
FISME organises Awareness Programmes on QMS/QTT in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala
Organised by : FISME
Date : 08 Jan 2015
Place : Kochi in Kerala
Profit Mantras for Business” Programme in Pune
Place : Pune
FISME hosts SME Working Group (SAARC-TPN) meeting in New Delhi
Place : New Delhi
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Too Fat for Fighting?
The U.S. Army's physical training (PT) program's been revamped: "That familiar standby, the situp, is gone, or almost gone. Exercises that look like pilates or yoga routines are in. And the traditional bane of the new private, the long run, has been downgraded." The new PT regimen incorporates "more stretching, more exercises for the abdomen and lower back," and "more agility and balance training."
[T]he program was created to help address one of the most pressing issues facing the military today: overweight and unfit recruits.
“What we were finding was that the soldiers we’re getting in today’s Army are not in as good shape as they used to be,” said Lt. Gen. Mark Hertling, who oversees basic training for the Army. “This is not just an Army issue. This is a national issue.”
Excess weight is the leading reason the Army rejects potential recruits. And while that has been true for years, the problem has worsened as the waistlines of America’s youth have expanded. This year, a group of retired generals and admirals released a report titled “Too Fat to Fight.”
“Between 1995 and 2008, the proportion of potential recruits who failed their physicals each year because they were overweight rose nearly 70 percent,” the report concluded.
Though the Army screens out the seriously obese and completely unfit, it is still finding that many of the recruits who reach basic training have less strength and endurance than privates past. It is the legacy of junk food and video games, compounded by a reduction in gym classes in many high schools, Army officials assert.
As a result, it is harder for recruits to reach Army fitness standards, and more are getting injured along the way. General Hertling said that the percentage of male recruits who failed the most basic fitness test at one training center rose to more than one in five in 2006, up from just 4 percent in 2000. The percentages were higher for women.
Military recruiters are already stuggling with the fact that "up to 9 million Americans ages 17 to 24 -- or nearly 27 percent of the prime military recruiting age demographic -- are 'too fat to serve in the military,'" so I suppose it stands to reason that the Army feels that it's necessary to soften up its PT requirements. But are stretching and yoga sufficient to get our soldiers ready for combat?
(By the way, in case you're interested, here's a description of the Army's current fitness test, and a calculator that scores your results.)
(Source: NYT)
Tags: army, military, obesity, physical training
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Uniform Schengen Visa
The procedures and conditions regarding the issuing of these visas are contained in Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009, establishing a Community Code on Visas (Visa Code)
Short-stay visa requests should be made by submitting a printed copy of the correctly completed official application (original and copy), which can be downloaded from this web page or obtained from the Diplomatic Missions or the Consular Offices of Spain abroad.
The visa should be requested in-person at the Diplomatic Mission or Spanish Consular Office in the place where the applicant legally resides. If there is no Diplomatic Mission or Spanish Consular Office in a specific country, applications can be made at the Diplomatic Mission or Consular Office that represents Spain in said country.
The established fee must be paid when presenting the visa application. This will not be returned if the application is unsuccessful. The necessary requirements, as well as cases of reduction or waiver of the fee, should be checked at the Diplomatic Mission or Consular Office where the visa is requested, as these may vary depending on the applicant's reason for travel and country of origin.
The maximum period to process a short-stay visa request is 15 calendar days from the date the application was made. This period may be extended to a maximum of 30 calendar days in certain circumstances. Exceptionally, in those specific cases where additional documentation is needed, this period can be extended to 60 calendar days.
The visa issued must be collected in-person from the corresponding Diplomatic Mission or Consular Office within a period of one month after the notification of its issuance.
If the visa is denied, the applicant will be notified by means of a standardised form which will state the reason for which the visa request was unsuccessful. In this situation, a Contentious-Administrative appeal can be lodged to the High Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justicia) of Madrid within a term of two months from the date of notification. Appeals for reversal may be lodged with the Diplomatic Mission or Consular Office within a term of one month from the date of notification of the denial of visa.
Visas for relatives of citizens of the European Union, States that are part of the European Economic Area and Switzerland
The procedure and conditions regarding the issuing of European entry visas is stated in Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 and in Royal Decree 240/2007, of 16 February on entry, free movement and residence in Spain of citizens of EU member States and other States that are part of the European Economic Area.
European beneficiaries are those nationals from non-member countries that are related to European citizens, providing that said relation is stated in section 2 and 2 bis of Royal Decree 240/2007 and that they are accompanied by the European citizen or will meet with them.
The processing of these visas will have preferential status. Visas will be issued free of charge.
In those consular demarcations in which there is a provider of external services, the applicant can choose to present their application directly at the Diplomatic Mission or Consular Office of Spain, or in the offices of said provider. In such case they should pay the fee for said service.
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In the first 3 months of 2019, FSRG had already published 5 new peer-reviewed medical journal articles on Freeman-Sheldon (now called Freeman-Burian or FBS) syndrome, Sheldon-Hall syndrome (SHS), and distal arthrogryposis type 3 (DA3). This collection of new scholarship adds depth and practical advice to the literature on these rare and challenging conditions.
One article describes the non-surgical orthodontic treatment and a new anatomical finding in FBS. Three present clinical practice recommendations for anaesthesia in FBS, SHS, and DA3. Finally, a comprehensive review of FBS, the culmination of over a decade of intense academic and clinical effort, was published in an open-access journal, meaning that it is freely available. The authors wished to provide the widest possible access to promote the safe anaesthetic care of patients with this very rare and challenging craniofacial syndrome.
More publications are expected through the year and beyond.
posted 16 Jan 2018, 06:29 by MI Poling [ updated 16 Jan 2018, 06:30 ]
Maintaining a responsive social media presence, helping patients and families, and aiming for four new published medical journal articles per year to help doctors provide better care was becoming too much for a single individual with no help or support. Updates will be posted here from now on.
During our years of difficulty, a large backlog developed associated with our 'Contact Us' form. Part of the difficulty was that we were unsure of how we would be able to help, due to sad and difficult personnel issues. For those who suffered because of this delay, I am truly sorry. As with all problems associated with FSRG, I take full responsibility, am making changes, and hope to earn your trust.
Starting today, I have begun to respond to all appropriate (non-solicitation) form submissions. The backlog extends to 2012, and each requires and will receive thoughtful replies to the matters they disclosed when they submitted the form. So, as you may imagine, this will take some time, but I will be working on it daily until complete.
Additionally, if you have visited our website fsrgroup.org since yesterday, you will notice some changes. More updates will follow in the coming weeks and months. Please post any recommendations for changes here.
Thank you for the opportunity to earn your trust.
Study Resuming
We are excited to let you know the study, called Study of Therapeutic Outcomes and Practices in Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (STOP-FSS), now led by Dr Robert L Chamberlain, MD, is now active and accepting patients! Though we had a lot of difficult problems in past years, we have made a lot of changes to how we do things in FSRG, learned from other research we have done (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=poling+mi%5BAuth%5D), and improved this study a lot.
The study involves surveys, review of medical records, and a video-based interview (for example, Skype, FaceTime, etc.) to learn more about problems, experiences, helpful treatments, and quality of life for patients with Freeman-Burian syndrome, Sheldon-Hall syndrome, distal arthrogryposis type 1, and distal arthrogryposis type 3, also called Gorden syndrome. (Some other names for Freeman-Burian syndrome include: Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, distal arthrogryposis type 2A, craniocarpotarsal dysplasia (or dystrophy), or whistling face syndrome.)
We want to know what is helpful, so that we can report it in the medical literature to give doctors more information about how to help patients. These conditions are very challenging to treat, partly because of the big differences in individual patients and partly from lack of information on treatment outcomes. The goal is to start with having at least 20 persons participate over the summer and fall.
Anyone interested should send me a personal message, fill out the contact form at https://fsrgroup.org, or email us for more information.
This is very important, and we hope everyone will consider it.
Mikaela I. Poling, BA
Benefit Luncheon Set for December
The Outreach Committee of First United Methodist Church (Buckhannon, WV, USA) decided at a recent meeting to devote the proceeds from the Micah Meal and loose change collections in December to the Freeman-Sheldon Research Group, Inc., a Judeo-Christian medical research, education, and patient support group. This organization is spearheaded by three members of the Church's congregation, Dr. Rodger McCormick, President; Dr. Robert Chamberlain, Vice-President; and Mikaela Poling, Secretary. Also working with this group is Dr. Gerald P. Perman, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at George Washington University. Others at Johns Hopkins University and elsewhere have indicated an interest in the research the group is undertaking.
The main purpose of the organization is to study and help individuals, families and others impacted by two rare genetic conditions affecting muscles called Freeman-Sheldon and Sheldon-Hall syndromes. These disorders limit the muscles’ ability to move well in joints of two or more body areas such as the hands, feet, and face—often giving a mask-like and whistling appearance. Impaired swallowing, vision, and hearing are also common effects of this condition. Poling indicates that this group is the only organization in the world dedicated to these conditions. FSRG also supports community health and peer education for related concerns such as cancer, heart disease, and tobacco prevention through it's Education Department's RAZE Crew, which meets at Buckhannon-Upshur High School.
The Freeman-Sheldon Research Group has received 501(c)(3) tax exemption status from the IRS. We hope that you will plan to give generously to this worthy cause.
Donation Drive Kicks Off
posted 13 Jun 2012, 20:32 by MI Poling [ updated 9 Oct 2012, 21:09 ]
BUCKHANNON, W.Va.---Wednesday, FSRG Secretary, MI Poling, announced the beginning of a donation drive, with the launching of a secure online donation system. 'We're excited about this, and it will make it a lot easier for our loyal supporters and others to help us to help others and advance our mission,' Poling said. Monetary donations have been accepted since April, but the addition of a secure online system just got finished this week, Poling reports.
FSRG has many unmet needs, Poling says, and donations are greatly needed. 'To put it in perspective, we need $20,000.00 just for a pulmonary function system that is required to produce credible data we can hang our hat on,' Poling explained. 'At this point, we simply do not have that; we're making $200-$500 purchases at a time. We're very thankful to be able to do that,' Poling continued.
To make a secure online donation, go to http://fsrgroup.org and click on the donation button. Donations may also be mailed to FSRG's Treasurer at the following address: Freeman-Sheldon Research Group, Inc., Gregory Sabak, 115 Birds Eye Drive, Morgantown, WV 26501. In-kind donations are also very welcome, and questions may be sent through FSRG's website Contact Us feature. More information about FSRG's specific needs will be available in the near future on their website.
After Many Delays, Studies Set to Begin Official Enrolment
posted 13 Jun 2012, 13:35 by MI Poling
BUCKHANNON, W.Va.---FSRG Secretary and Research Department Director MI Poling said Wednesday that she expected enrolment to begin momentarily in the organisation's first three studies. 'We're very excited to have gotten to this point... finally,' she said. FSRG has been plagued by a lack of funds, personnel health concerns, and related logistical problems, but it has overcome those in recent months to be ready to begin the studies and able to begin seeing patients onsite by the fall. 'We have made almost all purchases initially required, but we won't be able to do certain parts of one study until at least early fall,' Poling said and continued, 'but we are able to handle all other aspects immediately.' It's very gratifying that people have stood by us and believed in us through the time leading to this point, and I want to thank them all and express my heartfelt apology for the serious delays that have occurred at all levels within FSRG. It's been very difficult. Please understand, FSRG does not take our responsibility lightly.'
Obituary: Shirley E. Flynn, mother of Rev. Mark W. Flynn, FSRG Chief Chaplain and Ethics Officer
posted 29 Mar 2012, 21:15 by MI Poling [ updated 29 Mar 2012, 21:21 ]
Shirley Ellen Flynn of South Charleston died March 28 at Hubbard Hospice House in Charleston. Mrs. Flynn was the mother of Freeman-Sheldon Research Group, Inc. Chief Chaplain and Ethics Officer, Rev. Mark W. Flynn.
The daughter of the late George Van Varick and Mabel Johnson Van Varick, Shirley was born September 21, 1932 in Paterson, N.J. As a teenager, she was the conference president of the Methodist Youth Fellowship in the Newark Conference. Before starting college, she worked for a time at her family’s business in Wayne, N.J.
She first came to W.Va. to attend W.Va. Wesleyan College. There she met and married the Rev. Dr. Donald L. Flynn, who was a professor of Christian Education and the director of the group ministry. Besides being a student and a faculty wife, Shirley was also a house mother. She completed a degree in Sociology at Wesleyan.
Shirley and Don left West Virginia in the fifties to serve in other conferences and then returned in 1968 when Don came to Morris Harvey College to serve as the director of counseling and testing. They lived in South Charleston with their three sons. During her five years in South Charleston, Shirley was active in First United Methodist Church and in the United Methodist Women’s unit there.
In 1973, Don was appointed to serve a 12-church charge in Tyler and Doddridge Counties. Shirley was very much a part of the ministry there. She directed many Vacation Bible Schools, including one at Alvy with 80 people in a one-room building. Don and Shirley then served the Webster Springs Charge. Shirley continued to be a big part of his ministry.
When Don was serving Central Church in Charleston in the early 80’s, Shirley served as a district officer and a conference officer in the United Methodist Women. After Don’s death in 1993, Shirley became part of the conference program staff. In this position she was responsible for missions. She made regular visits to the annual conference mission projects, she helped to obtain grants from the general church, and she helped to recruit leadership. She also promoted support of missionaries and church and community workers. In the last few years Shirley was an active member of First United Methodist Church in South Charleston.
Mrs. Flynn is survived by three sons and three daughters-in-law: the Rev. Mark Flynn and Judy of Lewisburg; Paul Flynn and Diane of Geneso, Ill.; and David Flynn and Tonya of South Charleston. She is also survived by six grandchildren: Rachel Flynn of Lewisburg; Rebecca Flynn of Arlington, Va.; Lydia and Karl Flynn of Geneseo, Ill.; and Kara and Emily Flynn of South Charleston. All of Shirley’s children and grandchildren are United Methodists. Mark is the superintendent of the Greenbrier District.
Mrs. Flynn was an active member of First United Methodist Church in South Charleston. The Rev. Tom Nolan will lead a worship service praising God for Mrs. Flynn’s life on Monday, April 2, at 11:00 A.M. at First United Methodist Church, 905 Glendale Ave., South Charleston, W.Va. A time of visitation with the Flynn family will be held at the church on Sunday 4:00 to 7:00 P.M. and on Monday from 10:00 to 11:00 A.M. A graveside service will be conducted at the Arbovale Cemetery in Pocahontas County, W.Va., on Tuesday at noon.
FSRG Secretary Announces Resumption of Limited-Operations
posted 3 Dec 2011, 03:59 by MI Poling [ updated 3 Dec 2011, 04:04 ]
FSRG Secretary, MI Poling, announced Friday that there had been some 'very serious' health problems affecting the families of FSRG faculty, staff, and students, but Poling urged that FSRG would honour its obligation to help individuals, families, and others affected by FSS and related entities. Poling said, in a statement released late Friday night on Facebook, 'I want to deeply apologise to everyone for our gross inactivity. While these very serious health issues are continuing, we understand we have a responsibility to help the people affected by FSS, and we are working on a limited-operations contingency plan to allow us to begin helping you more effectively.' Poling said a statement giving more information about what to expect from this latest move would be released in the coming days but said these limited operations would resume before the New Year. FSRG staff remain hopefully optimistic that this will pave the way toward resuming full operations by spring or summer at the latest, but no official word has been given about a time-table for resuming full operations.
FSRG Now Listed by Eight Organisations, Syndicated to Others
posted 28 Jun 2011, 01:27 by MI Poling [ updated 3 Dec 2011, 04:03 ]
FSRG announced recently that eight organisation had primary listings and syndicated information from one organisation had reached many more organisations. The organisations with primary listings are as follows: National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), MinnesotaHelp.info, National Cleft & Craniofacial Awareness & Prevention Month (NCAPM), Canadian Directory of Genetic Support Groups, Genetic Alliance, Birth Defect Research for Children, Iowa COMPASS Disability Information & Referral, and most recently National Health Information Center (healthfinder.gov). As of 28 June, Google returned 87 'unique' results fo a search of FSRG's proper legal name. FSRG Secy. MI Poling said, 'This is a good sign and very encouraging--people are taking us seriously and putting our information out there so we can help more people.'
As part of FSRG's recently stepped-up visibility efforts, officers have been contacting targeted organisations specifically that may have had a listing for the former FSPSG, FSS, both, or other relevant information and asking them to list FSRG. They have also offered to develop specific information on FSS for each organisation and keep it up-to-date. Poling continued, 'There is a lot of inaccurate and out-right untrue information out there about FSS, and we need to correct that. We are putting a lot of effort into correcting this information void right now, having heard that this lack of correct information also seems to be confusing the medical professionals caring for patients, which could plausibility impede care. That's the last thing we want.'
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Pingeton reaches 500 wins, Missouri women defeat Vanderbilt 69-46
February 11th, 2019 by Colin O'Brien in Mizzou Sports
Missouri head coach Robin Pingeton argues a call with a referee during a game in January 2018 against South Carolina at Mizzou Arena.
Missouri head coach Robin Pingeton argues a call...
Photo by Associated Press /Fulton Sun.
COLUMBIA, Mo. — Missouri senior Sophie Cunningham made sure her head coach, Robin Pingeton, got her 500th career win Sunday.
The Tigers, who defeated Vanderbilt 69-46 at Mizzou Arena, won the opening tip and Cunningham hit a 3-pointer 13 seconds into the game. Then Cunningham hit three more without missing, scoring 12 first-quarter points and giving Missouri an 18-8 edge after one quarter, as the Tigers never trailed.
Pingeton was honored after the game with flowers, a framed poster presented by Missouri athletic director Jim Sterk and a video tribute from coaches, as well as current and former players, congratulating her on the accomplishment.
Her team ambushed her in the locker room with silly string, and Pingeton spoke to the media with green, pink and blue strands stuck in her hair and covering her left shoulder.
Her address to the crowd after receiving the commemorative items started with, "500 wins just means I'm getting old."
"This is about a lot of people, this isn't just about me," Pingeton said after the game. "Are you kidding me? I've coached some great players, I've had some great assistant coaches, I've had some great administration, great fan bases. This is so much bigger than one person. Fun day, but it's we've got Mississippi State coming up."
"It's hard to have a day for her, because she doesn't really accept it," Cunningham said. "It's so hard to celebrate her and it's hard to crack her because she really is just so selfless. I don't know, there's just not another coach like that around the country, I guarantee it."
Cunningham finished with 27 points and shot 9-of-16 from the field as she chases a milestone of her own: the program career scoring record. Cunningham now has 1,991 career points, which puts her 128 shy of Renee Kelly's second-place mark and 135 off of Joni Davis' program best.
"No words can really do it justice how much she's impacted my life," Cunningham said of Pingeton. "Maybe one day I can come around and try to tell her, but while I'm playing with her I'm just trying to go to war with her every day. It kind of stinks you don't get to reflect on it every single day because what we have right here is super special, and I wouldn't take any other coach or play for any other coach at this level.
"She's put me in positions to be so successful, and it's not just me. It's other players, it's so much bigger than us two. I really wouldn't trade this for anything, I just wouldn't want to play for any other coach. She does everything the right way and she means a lot to me."
Cierra Porter added 15 points. Jordan Chavis' eight points and another six points from Emmanuelle Tahane bolstered Missouri's scoring off the bench.
"This is really cool to me, that I've been able to play for my aunt," Porter said. "Sophie hit the nail on the head. She's so successful in everything she does because she does it the right way, and she makes all of us do it the right way, and I think that's the biggest lesson everyone takes away from her when they leave this program. Almost every day she has some point, and she says, 'Right now it's basketball, but later on it's life.' I just think the fact that we have someone who cares so much about how we grow in life, it's not just about right now, it's about forever, and how we can impact people, and that's why she's so impactful."
The Tigers held Vanderbilt (6-17, 1-9 Southeastern Conference) to 30 percent shooting and, despite being out-rebounded by the Commodores 37-36, Missouri led by double digits for the entirety of the final three quarters. It was, fittingly, a Cunningham three that gave Missouri its biggest lead of the game, 26 points, midway through the fourth quarter.
"She didn't know, we focused on the game plan, but she always does so much for us," Cunningham said. "She does everything for our community, and we just go get it for her. Like CP (Cierra Porter) said, she feeds so much energy into us every single day and this one really was — we were all focused on getting it for Coach P today.
"For us to start out strong, I think it was huge, but we maintained it, everyone stepped up, and like coach said earlier, we got to play everyone, that was also huge. But today was her day."
Missouri kept Vanderbilt center Mariella Fasoula — who came into the game averaging 16 points per contest — to just two points. Fasoula missed her first eight shots and didn't score until there was a minute left in the third quarter. Porter and Hannah Schuchts constantly stayed between Fasoula and the basket, and Schuchts at one point blocked Fasoula's shot twice in one possession. Schuchts finished the game with three blocks.
Vanderbilt coach Stephanie White, who won a national title playing for Purdue in 1999 and played five seasons in the WNBA, knows Pingeton better than most.
Though White is only in her third season with the Commodores, Pingeton coached her younger sister, Stacey White, at Illinois State. The Redbirds played Ball State in 2003, with Stacey White on their roster and Stephanie White an assistant for the Cardinals.
"You look at how she's been able to rebuild this program, and what she's been able to do as far as keep local talent local and building with toughness and building with competitors and developing talent, she's really done such a great job," Stephanie White said. "When you get kids who grow up in the state and take a lot of pride in wearing the home jerseys, it builds something special. Congratulations certainly to her, happy for her, and we all can learn a lot from what she's done."
Pingeton, when asked how long she would enjoy the win before preparing to travel to take on No. 6 Mississippi State, gave a very Pingeton-like answer.
"As soon as this is done and we talk to the alumni, I guarantee you we are moving on," she said with a smile. "We've got a big game in front of us, and again, this is just a number. You know, what's 450, 510 — I mean, I get it, how we can look at it as a milestone — but really it's about the journey, and there's been a lot of special relationships and experiences along the way.
"No, we've got games to play, we've got a lot of work to do, this train is moving. We don't have too much time to worry about No. 500, or 498 or 320. It's irrelevant."
The Tigers (18-7, 7-4 SEC) and Bulldogs (22-1, 10-0 SEC) tip off at 8 p.m. Thursday in Starkville, Miss.
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June 25, 2006 - A Little Bit of the Old South in Hollywood
Home | The Weird | Quotes
Magnolia is a large genus of about two hundred ten flowering plant species in the subfamily Magnolioideae of the family Magnoliaceae.
The name?
There's this -
In 1703 Charles Plumier (1646-1704) described a flowering tree from the island of Martinique in his Genera. He gave the species, that was locally known as 'Talauma,' the genus name Magnolia, after Pierre Magnol. The English botanist William Sherard, who studied botany in Paris under Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, a pupil of Magnol, was most probably the first after Plumier to adopt the genus name Magnolia. He was at least responsible for the taxonomic part of Dillenius's Hortus Elthamensis and of Catesby's famous Natural history of Carolina. These were the first works after Plumier's Genera that used the name Magnolia, this time for some species of flowering trees from temperate North America.
Linnaeus, who was familiar with Plumier's Genera, adopted the genus name Magnolia in 1735 in his first edition of Systema naturae, without a description but with a reference to Plumier's work. In 1753, he took up Plumier's Magnolia in the first edition of Species plantarum. As Linnaeus did never see a herbarium specimen (if there has ever been one) of Plumier's Magnolia and had only his description and a rather poor picture at hand, he must have taken it for the same plant as Catesby described in 1731 in his Natural history of Carolina and placed it in the synonymy of Magnolia virginiana var. foetida, the taxon now known as Magnolia grandiflora.
The species that Plumier originally named Magnolia was later described as Annona dodecapetala by Lamarck, and has since been named Magnolia plumieri and Talauma plumieri (and still a number of other names) but is now known as Magnolia dodecapetala.
So now you know.
This is a magnolia grandiflora - or southern magnolia, or bull bay - in bloom on Laurel Avenue, one block north of Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, at sunset, Tuesday, June 20, 2006. The tree is native to the southeastern United States, from coastal North Carolina south to central Florida, and west to southeast Texas. Southern magnolia, of course, is the state tree of Mississippi, but they're all over Hollywood. Maybe that has something to do with filming most all of "Gone with the Wind" out here in the late thirties, down at the old MGM studios in Culver City, or maybe not.
They provide deep, cool shade, don't seem to mind the dirty air here, don't take much care, and, if you move up close to a bloom, smell pretty good.
If you use any of these photos for commercial purposes I assume you'll discuss that with me
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Timestamp for this version of this issue below (Pacific Time) -
Counter added Monday, February 27, 2006 10:38 AM
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Rim Unveils Blackberry Playbook Tablet
This is the first step to consider if you want to buy the best and latest Smartphone that will suite you perfectly. It is important to note that you can’t be able to choose the best Smartphone for you today if you don’t have a list of preferred features. Different Smartphone have different features. You should therefore write down your preferred features i.e. video capturing, touch and keypad, high resolution camera, Bluetooth/web connectivity, web directory features e.t.c. to be able to have an idea of the ultimate Smartphone for you.
The Android smartphone sports a four-row portrait QWERTY, made up of tactile, domed keys. The buttons are well spaced, and large enough to make for speedy messaging with no silly mistakes and for even the chunkiest of digits. The raised buttons offer instant access to Menu, Home, Back and search. It has Samsung TouchWiz, Google Maps with Latitude, and A-GPS. There is an accelerometer, a digital compass and a proximity sensor. samsung galaxy S8 Pro offers and features would bring a great demand for this smartphone. The Galaxy Pro may not exude the style and class of its advanced, albeit more expensive, Galaxy siblings, but it does offer an interesting alternative for business folk and social networkers.
Yes folks, RIM has finally gone ahead and unveiled their latest gadget, the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet, at their Developers Conference dubbed DevCon. Speculation earlier today centered around the fact that the company would not be making an announcement and as it turned out, the speculation was merely that.
Have you ever wondered how a football coach plans an attack and formulates a strategy for winning the game? Well, with American Football Clipboard you get a chance to exactly experience that. You can plan strategy, take team notes, move the players and the ball with your S Pen. All this is possible with easy demonstration of the game, additionally, you can also add as many players as you want in your playbook. You can load players from sidelines as and when you require.
Though its exact release date hasn’t been announced yet, a lot are probably waiting to get hold of this WiMax-enabled phone. It is said to be the successor of the HTC EVO 4G. It’s going to flaunt a 4.3-inch qHD display which is about the same size as its predecessor, but with a higher resolution. True to its name, it will be able to display glasses-free 3D content. It will be Sprint’s first WiMax handset with a dual-core processor as it will be powered by a 1.2GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon dual-core processor. An interesting feature would be the HTC Sense 3.0 which is said to provide new home screens and applications and easy Twitter and Facebook integration with its Friend Stream.
Another fantastic feature is it’s ability to turn itself into a wireless Access Point for other smartphones and computers to connect to the internet through. That also is going to be a boon at events held at venues who insist upon a small fortune for wireless internet access. When connected through 3G, it’s pretty fast too.
You want to know more? I have more. Yes, these two handsets are running on the latest Android Iteration (Android 4.0 or the Ice Cream Sandwich). You no longer have to deal with older Android OS; with these handsets you will taste the power of an Ice Cream Sandwich. One of the best new features of the said Android os is its FaceUnlock. This feature will allow you to unlock the handset without touching the phone’s screen or pushing any buttons. Yes this phone will unlock itself as soon as it recognizes your face through the phone’s camera, and via your stored images (phone files). What is more, the phone’s overall performance will be enhanced by the said Os.
Author adminPosted on April 2, 2017
Next Next post: Why Is My Kid Talking On Her Mobile Phone So Much
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Equality Activists Wanted!
Equality in Policy Making Seminar
Social Welfare Bill is an attack on women and children – Press Release, Irish Feminist Network
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Friday, December 9th 2011
The Irish Feminist Network has condemned the measures contained in the Social Welfare Bill 2011 which, they say, amount to an attack on women and children.
Co-ordinator Alison Spillane said, “While we welcome the Minister’s decision to remove the sections relating to cuts and changes to the Disability Allowance, this Bill still contains a number of extremely regressive measures which will make life even more difficult for thousands of people and serve to decrease domestic demand and stifle the economy further”.
“The changes to the One-Parent Family Payment, the reductions in Child Benefit for large families, the withdrawal of the multiple births grant, and the extension of means testing to HSE home helpers amount to a vicious assault on women and children, particularly those who are less well-off”, Ms Spillane said.
“We call on all TDs to take a stand for women and children and vote against the Social Welfare Bill 2011 in the Dáil today.”
In general Budget 2012 shows a continuation the same failed policies pursued by the Fianna Fáil/Green Party administration. The claim that this Budget is about ‘jobs, reform, and fairness’ does not stand up to the slightest analysis – the proposals it contains are short-sighted and poorly thought out. Austerity in isolation will not create either jobs or growth. In fact, the measures contained in Budget 2012 will take, at least, a further 15,000 jobs out of the economy – this strategy is non-sensical.
“Furthermore, women’s groups throughout the country will be disproportionately affected by the decision to cut funding to the National Women’s Council by 35% even though the resultant savings will have virtually no impact on the deficit.”
“The government had real choices in this budget. For example, introducing a third band of income tax on incomes over €100,000 could raise €760 million for the Exchequer and a temporary levy on corporate profits could yield nearly €900 million. Instead, they have chosen to focus on consumption taxes, such as the VAT increase, which are the most regressive form of taxation and will disproportionately impact on low income groups. This budget is an affront to the notion of equality.”
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ISCB-SC Stands With All Scientists
As a global network of students, the ISCB Student Council would like to reaffirm its support for all scientists especially computational biologists, of all stages, around the globe. We echo the views of our parent organization in current global uncertain times.
The Student Council has worked hard for more than a decade reinforcing diversity in the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology. Our organisation has always had, and will continue to promote, a culture of inclusiveness, equality, and open science. We strongly believe that international collaborations and contributions are what makes science successful and moves it forward.
We, at the Student Council, put scientific progress above all for the advancement of the community. As a promoter of scientific harmony, we extend our solidarity to all students and researchers who are being affected by the recent unhelpful and discriminatory directives in the USA and elsewhere in the world.
ISCB Student Council
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MainAll NewsPolitics & Gov'tDemolition of N´vei Dekalim Has Begun
Demolition of N´vei Dekalim Has Begun
Hundreds of unarmed police forces entered N'vei Dekalim this morning, and headed first for the synagogue complex and the hundreds of youths who spent the night there.
The two-day "Hand to Brothers" operation ended at midnight, and the stage of forced expulsion is now underway in several Gush Katif communities.
As the forces made their way to the synagogue complex in N'vei Dekalim, the worshipers there began removing the Torah scrolls from the synagogues. The sad procession made its way out of the synagogue to the grassy areas below.
Hundreds of girls gathered in the Ashkenazi synagogue tearfully and spiritedly sang Ani Maamin - "I believe with perfect faith in the coming of the Messiah, and even if he tarries, I will wait for his arrival every day."
Some families are packing, while others still refuse to do so. Some residents are trying to destroy their homes themselves, while others say they will leave peacefully, and others say they will leave only if dragged. In some neighborhoods, soldiers began to accompany - or drag - people out of their homes. In one case that was typical of dozens of others, five female soldiers carried out a girl who was crying and screaming, "How can you do this? How can you do this?"
Very large forces were also on their way this morning to Ganei Tal (home to MK Tzvi Hendel), Morag (an enclave in southern Gush Katif), Atzmona (where no one has yet packed), Tel Katifa (along the beach in northern Gush Katif), and several others.
In Morag, many families and yeshiva students prepared themselves this morning for the large police and army forces they knew would arrive. One of the residents, Yuval Unterman, was asked what he plans to do. He said, "I am personally not able to leave on my own. If no one carries me out, I'm staying." He said that this would be an important lesson in commitment for his children.
One woman in Netzer Hazani said, "I just want all of Israel to know: We have two simple questions that no one has been able to answer me - why, and to where. No one has the answer to these questions."
Her husband said, "Let us remember that this is the third time that Gaza has been evacuated of Jews in recent history. So we hope that once again, soon, we will be able to help our beloved IDF return there very soon, and evacuate Khan Yunis, Dir el Balah, and all the rest."
Televised scenes of the expulsion in various communities showed the same images: sad soldiers, tearful residents, arguments and last-minute attempts to persuade. In one case, a Channel Two camera panned over the faces of a line of soldiers, with the announcer saying, "It appears that they are choked up and can barely speak" - and as if on cue, one of the soldiers turned away and wiped his eyes. Several of them were wearing sunglasses.
Several soldiers, male and female, as well as policemen, were unable to control their emotions and were seen with tears in their eyes. In one instance, a female soldier was shown on television sitting behind a structure, crying uncontrollably.
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Yamaha Pocket Recorder Pocketrak W24
The W24 is about as small and compact as it gets for a highly sophisticated “on the hoof” mini recording device with high fidelity X-Y stereo mikes, that will download your recorded files on to either Windows media player or iTunes. Yes, there are 32 pages of exhaustive illustrated text on how to get the most out of the unit with every button accounted for and every option clearly and comprehensively explained, but once you’ve found what works for you, the whole system is reasonably simple and straightforward to use.
Powered by a single AA/LR6 battery, the W24 comes with a sizeable 2GB internal memory, along with an option to ‘add on’ a micro SD card. It also has a very useful 1/4-inch screw thread on the back of the unit for mounting on either a tripod or mic stand and a remote control that has an operating distance of up to seven metres – although you have to make sure that you have the unit set at the right angle so that the remote can pick up the sensor. The W24 also includes a voice-activated system, so that if left in the recording pause mode the unit will start to record as soon as it detects audio.
The main screen is bright and clear with an orange ground against which the graphics are clearly displayed. Recording controls (record/stop/play) are also on the front face, with a menu button together with fast forward/return and plus/minus for the various function and file options. The unit comes with some useful extras such as a wind screen, a tuner and a metronome. Nothing else is required to edit and mix your recorded files as Cubase A1 DAW software is included in the package.
What isn’t however, is a small padded pouch/bag to store the system, as you won’t be wanting to hold on to the original packaging – it’s too awkward and too clever by half.
For more go to www.yamahasynth.com
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Jesuit Institute
Facing the Post-Truth World
by Chris Chatteris SJ
Politicians have always had a difficult relationship with the truth. Some could be pretty cynical about it. Napoleon once said that it wasn’t necessary to bury the truth, just to delay its appearance until people no longer cared.
Has it got worse of late? There is considerable evidence that it has. The Oxford Dictionary’s word of the year for 2016 was ‘post-truth’ which it defined as ‘relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief’. Many commentators are bemoaning the fact that during the US election campaign we entered a time in which there was a sustained and concerted assault on the truth.
President-elect Donald Trump is seen as the villain of the pack, though he is obviously not the first or the last politician to play fast and loose with the truth, or to delight in blurring the distinction between facts and feeling. The appalling irony here is that the Trumps of this world frequently appeal to their supporters by posing as plain speakers, boasting of telling us how it really is.
Despite his claims to be a plain speaker it seems that the fact-checkers were overworked in the case of Mr Trump as they compared what he said to what was actually the case. However, what disturbs many commentators is that fact-checking and publishing the discrepancies had little effect on Donald Trump’s progress to the White House. His crafty tactic was to put out an outrageous tweet early in the morning which would immediately be picked up by the news networks and which would then be repeated ad infinitum. It is difficult to resist the comment that Hitler’s propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels would have loved Twitter because it enables a big lie to be repeated so many times, which Goebbels thought was the key to getting people to believe it.
The undebunkable Trump
Mr Trump’s cleverly barbed lies were undebunkable, partly because of the sheer number of times they would be repeated or re-tweeted. An astonishingly barefaced example was the one he put out after the election in response to the statistical fact that he won the Presidency but lost the popular vote. ‘I won the popular vote if you deduct the millions of people who voted illegally’ he tweeted.
How does he get away with this? Hannah Arendt explained the psychology of it. ‘Since the liar is free to fashion his “facts” to fit the profit and pleasure, or even the mere expectations, of his audience, the chances are that he will be more persuasive than the truth teller’, she wrote in the 1960s.
As well as the fundamentals of crowd-pleasing psychology, which was something the Greeks understood well when commenting on the dark side of rhetoric, there are modern conditions which have provided technological enhancements to this tendency. The way a clever and popular lie can go viral and thereby be almost unanswerable, has already been mentioned. In addition there is the capacity to plant what has recently been termed ‘fake news’ on social media, which again, gets passed around. Facebook, as its founder Mr Mark Zucherberg recently informed us, is now a ‘community’ of over a billion people. No matter that these fake news stories are outrageously untruthful – the fact is that because they are so lurid they are lapped up by our ever-itching ears as a kind of political ‘infotainment’.
Any teacher today frequently has to help young minds spot the lies, the fake news and the propaganda of confusion that pour through the electronic media portals of our era. The propaganda of confusion seems to me to be one of the most pernicious developments. More than one journalist has pointed out that Mr Vladimir Putin, the ex-KGB operative, has created a whole media apparatus designed to confuse his domestic and global political opponents.
Propaganda of Confusion
Russian TV, which purports to give an ‘alternative’ version of the news and analysis of the Western networks, does not necessarily tell barefaced lies. Rather it offers a variety of other ‘possible interpretations’ intended to baffle us. The obfuscation of the circumstances surrounding the shooting down of the Malaysian airline flight MH17 over the Ukraine in July 2014 is a case in point. The Russian government media’s alternative ‘narrative’ was that the aircraft was brought down by a Ukrainian fighter. The insinuation here was that the incident was staged by the Ukrainian military in order to discredit the separatists. Looking at the evidence this is extremely unlikely, but it is always a remote possibility, which is enough to cast a modicum of doubt on the weight of the evidence. It is also a conspiracy theory and a lot of people love conspiracy theories.
A similar tactic of sowing just enough doubt has been employed by some of the big fossil fuel industries in the United States. Many media outlets cooperated with this by giving a disproportionate amount of airtime to the so-called ‘climate sceptics’ despite the fact that an overwhelming majority of scientists affirm that climate change is happening and is being enhanced by the excessive burning of coal, oil and gas. But incredibly, enough doubt has been cast on the scientifically demonstrated reality of climate change for such scepticism to become a quasi-credo of the Republican party and Mr Trump is about to become almost the only climate-change denying head of state in the world. Unfortunately he will be the most powerful one as well.
What should set the alarm bells ringing in the Church is that we may be entering an era in which not only is truth hard to come by because there are so many powerful people who want to darken it, delay it, bend it and manipulate it to their selfish ends, but also that ordinary people may be giving up on truth itself. When we all end up like Pilate with his jaded, ‘What is truth?’ on our lips then we may find ourselves in a world in which the proclamation of the truth has become extraordinarily difficult and in which when people meet the one who is the ‘way the truth and the life’ they will find it harder and harder to recognise him.
If there is any reason, then, for the Church to be involved in the search for the truth, including in her political commentary, it is surely that for the next four years we will have to deal with a Trump-Putin, post-truth world.
*This article first appeared in The Southern Cross, Jan 11-17 2017.
Tags: America, Democrats, Politicians, Post-truth, Republicans, Trump, USA
Thapelo Letsoela
Thapelo Justice Letsoela is a young South African from Daveyton, a township the eastern part of Gauteng. He Studied ICDL, Comptia A+ and N+, Technical Support, CCNA at CIDA ICT Academy Thapelo joined the Jesuit Institute team as IT Manager. One of his great successes was the development of The Lent Reflection App.
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JMBLC | JMSB
The JMBLC serves to meet the interests of inspired John Molsons School of Business students who wish to pursue a business-law career through networking opportunities along with a series of educational and social events which are sure to complement students’ academic careers.
We strive to be a well-established and respected committee within the John Molson School of Business community which serves to inspire, teach, enlighten, and be a primary source of information to students of the University on the subject of business-law.
Our values guide us and are at the root of who we are not only as a committee, but also as students. These values include, among others, being dependable, credible, inspiring, and motivating. Of course, we wouldn’t be complete without our biggest value: being goal-oriented.
DESIGNED BY JONATHAN DENNEY
Copyright © John Molson Business Law Committee. All rights reserved.
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About Lake County Florida
Lakefront Living
Equestrian Lifestyles
Ocala National Forest
Real Estate Links
Contact a Realtor
Lake County Florida History
Lake County is some of the oldest inhabited land in Florida. Thousands of years ago the mild weather, excellent growing conditions, and abundance of fish and game, drew the Timucuan Indians to call this region their home. Evidence of their presence is throughout Lake County. In fact, there are more than 1000 identified archeological sites in Lake County. In 1562 a French Huguenot colony was established at the present site of Astor on the St. Johns River. The entire colony was wiped out by the Spanish is 1566. During the late 1560's the Spanish established a system of missions throughout the Lake County area with the goal of converting the Indians to Catholicism. What they accomplished instead was to massacre uncooperative villages and spread European diseases to the rest.
By 1763 when James Spalding established a trading post at Astor, there were few Indians left in the area. British Royal botanist, William Bartram came to the area to study the "flora and fauna." He made the first sighting of a royal palm tree in North America in Lake County in 1774. During the Revolutionary War all of Florida belonged to the British and residents were loyal to that country. A few white hunters and traders lived in Lake County, along with runaway slaves and Freedmen who found hiding in the scrub to be very effective means of evading the Slave Hunters. In 1782, Spain re-occupied Florida and began awarding large tracts of land to reward favors. In 1819 Moses Levy received such a land grant from the Spanish. He established a plantation along the St. Johns River in Lake County, which was to be a settlement for oppressed European Jews. He was the father of David Levy, who later changed his name to "Yulee." Mr. Yulee was Florida's first senator after it acquired its statehood.
During the first Seminole Indian War, the Seminole Indians burned the plantation to the ground. Forts were built throughout the county, known then as Mosquito County, to defend the settlers against the Seminole Indians. In 1823, at the Treaty of Moultie Creek, the Seminoles were ordered to live in a reservation, most of which was in Lake County. At the close of the Seminole War in 1842, Congress passed the Armed Occupation Act. It offered 160 acres to any man who would bear arms to protect the area against potential renewed hostilities, if he would build a habitable dwelling, live on the property for five years and cultivate at least five acres of his homestead. Many men accepted the challenge and joined the blacks already engaged in farming here. Towns grew and vanished. Other towns took their places.
When the Civil War started in 1861, there were several large plantations and many small farms in Lake County. Florida became one of the states to secede from the Union. The Statute of April 1862 forced most white males between the ages of 18 and 35 into involuntary service to the Confederacy. By September of that year the age limit was increased to 45 and soon 17-year-old young men were conscripted. This left only women and their slaves to run the plantations and farms. Even at that, Lake County has able to provide beef and other provisions to the army. The people left at home simply "went without." By the end of the Civil War in 1865, another homesteading act was in place, again offering 160 acres of land to settlers who would live on the land for five years and improve it. Soldiers, both Rebel and Yankee were eager to get on with their lives. The attractive Homesteading Act offered a fresh start and many men took advantage of the opportunity and came to Lake County to make their homes.
In July 1887, Lake County became a county. It was carved from Orange and Sumter counties. The courthouse, known as the Pioneer Building was dedicated in 1889. Contracts were let for the construction of the first hard surface roads in Lake County in 1915. Prior to that most transportation was on the waterways with special hybrid steam/paddlewheel boats, an elaborate system of railroads was also developed. A militia group was established during the Spanish-American War. It was called the 'Leesburg Rifles" and were ready to bravely defend our country. Many young Lake County men enlisted in the Armed Services of this and other countries during the First World War. Others stayed at home and served in the Home Guard. World War II took many Lake County men to war. Again, a Home Guard was established which combed the evening skies for enemy planes. The civilian effort was strong in support of the war. Lake County was famous for the number of war bonds sold here and scrap metal collected. In fact, the first war bond sold in the United States was sold in Leesburg. Lake County was the site of a Prisoner of War camp during the Second World War, as well.
Early industry consisted of reliance on the land: farming, citrus growing, lumber, turpentine, etc. All of this to some degree or another relied on the weather and time and time again big freezes killed not only crops and citrus, but also hopes and dreams. Back-to-back freezes in 1894 and 1895 devastated large and small farms alike. Some farmers replanted and others settled here, making their living at farming. Lake County was known worldwide for its record crops of peaches, tomatoes, watermelon, ferns, and, of course, citrus.
Other industries moved into Lake County and the economy grew. Lake County's history is rich and diverse. It sparkles with the ingenuity of its' people. Colorful stories abound. Today, as in the past, Lake County is a pleasant place to live and work.
Historic and Interesting facts:
Lake County became a legal entity on July 27, 1887 when it was created out of portions of Orange and Sumter counties. It was named Lake County because there were over 1400 lakes within its proposed boundaries. Tavares became the county seat after 3 elections that included political maneuvering and outright corruption.
As part of his effort to have Tavares named as County Seat, Major St. Clair Abrams, who founded Tavares, borrowed $10,000 and built a courthouse, which later was known as the Pioneer Building. In 1922 the county floated a $250,000 Bond Issue and built a new courthouse which is now known as the Historic Courthouse. The first Post Office was established in Okahumpka in 1845 when Florida was still a territory. In 1890, the first census was formed and there were 8,034 people in the county. Agriculture was the main industry until the freezes of 1983, 1985 and 1989. Walt Disney's parents were married in a small town named Kismet, which no longer exists, on December 27, 1887. As a child, Walt used to spend vacations visiting his Aunt Jessie Perkins in Paisley.
Mount Dora FL Realtors® • ERA Grizzard Real Estate • Mount Dora, Florida (352) 516-1560
ver 7.1.2019
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Eli Young Band Scores First No. 1 Single in More Than 5 Years With “Love Ain’t”
by Jim Casey | @TheJimCasey | May 20, 2019
Eli Young Band scored its fourth No. 1 single as “Love Ain’t” ascended to the top of both the Billboard Country Airplay chart and Mediabase chart this week.
The emotionally charged tune, which was penned by Ross Copperman, Ashley Gorley, and Shane McAnally, is the band’s first No. 1 single since “Drunk Last Night” topped the charts more than five years ago in December 2013.
“Getting back here to the top again is a blessing that both country music fans and country radio have given us,” says EYB’s frontman Mike Eli. “We do not take this for granted. It’s a blessing that carries on to our families and our teams that have been behind us every single step of the way. We humbly thank you all for making this happen for us.”
The video for “Love Ain’t” follows the love story of Taylor Morris—an explosive ordnance disposal technician with the Navy who became a quadruple amputee after an explosion in Afghanistan in 2012—and his girlfriend of more than a decade, Danielle, who remained by Taylor’s side. The inspiring clip, which has more than 6 million views on YouTube, features personal videos of Taylor’s rehab, his 2013 homecoming in Cedar Falls, Iowa, and marriage to Danielle.
photo courtesy of Cal Quinn, BMLG
written by Jim Casey | @TheJimCasey | published May 20, 2019 4:23 pm
category: NCD News | related posts: Eli Young Band, Love Ain't
Read more country music news at Nash Country Daily!
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Ingenieurbuero IrmerBeschreibung: Das Ingenieurbüro Irmer beschäftigt sich mit Energieberatung, der Planung von Neubauobjekten, der Modernisierung und der baubegleitenden Qualitätssicherung. Einen Schwerpunkt unserer Arbeit bilden die Themen Energie und Ökologie im Bauwesen.
Introducing the terrifying mathematics of the Anthropocene
Kategorie: Klimawandel
Owen Gaffney, Stockholm University and Will Steffen, Australian National University
Here are some surprising facts about humans’ effect on planet Earth. We have made enough concrete to create an exact replica of Earth 2mm thick. We have produced enough plastic to wrap Earth in clingfilm. We are creating “technofossils”, a new term for congealed human-made materials – plastics and concretes – that will be around for tens of millions of years.
But it is the scale that humans have altered Earth’s life support system that is the most concerning.
In 2000, Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer proposed that human impact on the atmosphere, the oceans, the land and ice sheets had reached such a scale that it had pushed Earth into a new epoch. They called it the Anthropocene and argued the current Holocene epoch was over.
The Holocene began 11,700 years ago as we emerged from a deep ice age. Over the past 10,000 years, the defining feature of the Holocene has been a remarkably stable Earth system. This stability has allowed us to develop agriculture and hence villages, towns and eventually cities – human civilisation.
We use pretty powerful rhetoric to describe the Anthropocene and current human impact. As The Economist stated in 2011, humanity has “become a force of nature reshaping the planet on a geological scale”. We are like an asteroid strike. We have the impact of an ice age.
But what does this really mean? Does it mean, for example, that we are having as big an impact as these natural forces are having right now, or is it, somehow, more profound?
Humans: the new asteroids. Steve Jurvetson, CC BY
The maths of the Anthropocene
In our recent study, we wanted to find the simplest way to mathematically describe the Anthropocene and articulate the difference between how the planet once functioned and how it now functions.
Life on Earth, the chemical and physical composition of the atmosphere and oceans, and the size of the ice sheets have changed over time because of slight alterations to Earth’s orbit around the sun, changes to the sun’s energy output or major asteroid impacts like the one that killed the dinosaurs.
Cyanobacteria changed the world; now it’s our turn. Matthew J Parker, CC BY-SA
They can also change due to geophysical forces: continents collide, cutting off ocean currents so heat is distributed in a new way, upsetting climate and biodiversity.
They also shift due to sheer internal dynamics of the system – new life evolves to drive great planetary shifts, such as the Great Oxidation Event around 2.5 billion years ago when newly evolved cyanobacteria began emitting the deadly poison oxygen that killed all simple life forms it came in touch with. Life had to evolve to tolerate oxygen.
Taking as our starting point a 1999 article by Earth system scientist Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, we can say the rate of change of the Earth system (E) has been driven by three things: astronomical forcings such as those from the sun or asteroids; geophysical forcing, for example changing currents; and internal dynamics, such as the evolution of cyanobacteria. Let’s call them A, G and I.
Mathematically, we can put it like this:
It reads: the rate of change of the Earth system (dE/dt) is a function of astronomical and geophysical forcings and internal dynamics. It is a very simple statement about the main drivers of the system.
This equation has been true for four billion years, since the first life evolved. In his article, Schellnhuber argued that people must be added into this mix, but his theory came before the full impact of humanity had been assessed. In the past few decades, this equation has been radically altered.
We are losing biodiversity at rates tens to hundreds of times faster than natural rates. Indeed, we are approaching mass extinction rates. There have been five mass extinctions in the history of life on Earth. The last killed the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago, now humans are causing the sixth.
The rate we are emitting carbon dioxide might be at an all time high since that time too. Global temperatures are rising at a rate 170 times faster than the Holocene baseline. The global nitrogen cycle is undergoing its largest and most rapid change in possibly 2.5 billion years.
In fact, the rate of change of the Earth system under human influence in the past four decades is so significant we can now show that the equation has become:
H stands for humanity. In the Anthropocene Equation, the rate of change of the Earth system is a function of humanity.
A, G and I are now approaching zero relative to the other big force – us – they have become essentially negligible. We are now the dominant influence on the stability and resilience of the planet we call home.
This is worth a little reflection. For four billion years, the Earth system changed under the influence of tremendous solar-system wide forces of nature. Now this no longer holds.
IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland
Heavenly bodies of course still exert some force; so does the ground beneath our feet. But the rates at which these forces operate are now negligible compared with the rate at which we are changing the Earth system. In the 1950s or 1960s, our own impact rivalled the great forces of nature. Now it usurps them entirely.
This should come as a shock not only to environmentalists but to everyone on Earth. But our conclusion is arguably a modest addition to the canon of academic literature. The scale and rate of change has already been well established by Earth system scientists over the past two decades.
Recently, Mark Williams and colleagues argued that the Anthropocene represents the third new era in Earth’s biosphere, and astrobiologist David Grinspoon argued that the Anthropocene marks one of the major events in a planet’s “life”, when self-aware cognitive processes become a key part of the way the planet functions.
Still, formalising the Anthropocene mathematically brings home an entirely new reality.
The equations that shape our planet. Owen Gaffney, Will Steffen, Author provided
The drama is heightened when we consider that for much of Earth’s history the planet has been either very hot – a greenhouse world – or very cold – an icehouse world. These appear to be the deeply stable states lasting millions of years and resistant to even quite major shoves from astronomical or geophysical forces.
But the past 2.5 million years have been uncharacteristically unstable, periodically flickering from cold to a gentle warmth.
The consumption vortex
So, who do we mean when we talk of H? Some will argue that we cannot treat humanity as one homogenous whole. We agree.
While all of humanity is now in the Anthropocene, we are not all in it in the same way. Industrialised societies are the reason we have arrived at this place, not Inuits in northern Canada or smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa.
Scientific and technological innovations and economic policies promoting growth at all costs have created a consumption and production vortex on a collision course with the Earth system.
Others may say that natural forces are too important to ignore; for example, the El Niño weather system periodically changes patterns globally and causes Earth to warm for a year or so, and the tides generate more energy than all of humanity. But a warm El Niño is balanced by a cool La Niña. The tides and other great forces of nature are powerful but stable. Overall, they do not affect the rate of change of the Earth system.
Now, only a truly catastrophic volcanic eruption or direct asteroid hit could match us for impact.
So, can the Anthropocene equation be solved? The current rate of change must return to around zero as soon as possible. It cannot continue indefinitely. Either humanity puts on the brakes or it would seem unlikely a global civilisation will continue to function on a destabilised planet. The choice is ours.
Owen Gaffney, Anthropocene analyst and communicator. Co-founder Future Earth Media Lab, Director of media (Stockholm Resilience Centre), Stockholm University and Will Steffen, Adjunct Professor, Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University
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Learning Community Charter School » For Parents » 8th Grade High School Admissions » Requirements General Overview
Application process for Comprehensive Schools SLC tracks, Liberty H.S. and Innovation H.S.:
Each year, late November to early December, the school district hosts a Higher Initiative Project (“HIP”) Fair which gives students and parents an opportunity get applications and to meet with and learn from faculty and staff from all the schools listed above. Also, eighth grade classes are usually sent home with applications in November/December. For more information and to get an application families can contact their child’s current guidance councilor or can contact the JCBOE at 201.915.6000.
To apply, students fill out an application and list their top two choices from the SLC tracks, Innovation High, or Liberty High School. The applications allows students to rank their school preferences. Students must submit their applications by mid-January.
Application process for Honors/College Prep High Schools
Jersey City Public Schools offers two honors-track, college preparatory high schools. These schools require the PSAT as a criteria for admission.
Application process for County Public High Schools
County public high schools are open to all qualifying students in Hudson County, including Jersey City. The Hudson County Schools of Technology serve students in grades 9 through 12 and include County Prep High School, High Tech High School, and KAS Prep.
Application process for Public Charter High Schools
Charter schools are public schools administered independently of the Jersey City school district. Once a schools charter is approved and established, the school is governed by a Board of Trustees as a public agent authorized by the State Board of Education. Because charter schools are public, they are both free and open to all applicants. There are no admissions tests. Where the number of applicants exceeds the available enrollment spots, a lottery process is used to determine admission.
Application process for Private Catholic High Schools
Private schools operate independently from Jersey City public schools. They generally require fees to attend, though financial aid options are available. All applicants are required to take the HSPT, a standardized test administered by the Archdiocese each November. The purpose of the test is to provide standard assessments for students seeking admission to Catholic high schools in Jersey City. All the high schools listed below have admission due dates from late-November to mid-December, which are timed to follow the taking of the HSPT exam. Contact the schools directly for pricing and financial aid related information.
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Board index » Forums, or if you prefer, Fora » None of the above
The upcoming (September 24) German federal election
[ 102 posts ] Go to page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Next
Post subject: The upcoming (September 24) German federal election
Location: Just outside Hamburg, Germany
The German federal election is in less than four months, on September the 24th, so inspired by Sal's excellent explanation of the UK election, I thought I might post an explainer.
The Basic Rules
Germany has a parliamentary system, which means that the Chancellor, who is the head of the federal executive, is dependent on the confidence of the Bundestag, the directly elected part of the federal legislature. (In German, the Chancellor is both officially and usually called the Federal Chancellor, which is one word in German.) The regular term of office for the Bundestag is four years. Under the constitution, an early election - that is, an election before the four years are over - is only allowed if a Chancellor loses a vote on a motion of confidence in the Bundestag. Therefore, when Chancellors want to hold an early election, they do that by intentionally losing a vote on a motion of confidence in the Bundestag. That has been done a couple of times; apparently, each time, some people complained to the Federal Constitutional Court that doing things that way was against the spirit of the constitution, and each time, the Federal Constitutional Court basically said "We don't like it, either, but no matter how it might relate to the spirit of the constitution, it's within the letter of the constitution, so there's nothing we can do." An early election automatically starts a new four year term. Anyway, the upcoming election is a regular election, not an early one.
German elections are proportional, that is, a party's share of the total vote in the election roughly determines that party's share of the seats in the elected institution. The details are a bit more complicated, but, having struggled with depression in the past, I think I'd rather keep my will to live by not trying to explain the details. The most important rule is that (aside from a few exceptions that I won't get into) a party needs five percent of the votes in the election in order to get any seats in the elected institution. That rule, however, does not apply in a number of local elections and in the elections for the German-elected part of the European Parliament.
People generally vote for parties rather than individuals; as a result, German legislators are very heavily dependent on their parties, and almost never vote against them. Generally, it wouldn't make much of a difference if German legislatures would be replaced with conferences of party chairs in which the party chairs would get multiple votes based on their party's share of the vote in the most recent election.
In addition to the Bundestag, there's the Bundesrat, which translates as "Federal Council". It is not directly elected - it consists of cabinet members from the individual states. (Germany is geographically small enough and has a good enough transportation infrastructure to make that practical.) Each state has a number of votes based on its population. The Chancellor does not need the confidence of the Federal Council, although it can be annoying to try to govern with too much of the Federal Council against you. Not all bills need Federal Council approval - there's a long list of types of laws that need Federal Council approval, and another long list of types of laws that don't. Unlike most other places with bicameral systems, Germany doesn't have a special name for the legislature as a whole - in fact, the constitution treats the Bundestag and the Federal Council as two separate institutions, not as two parts of one institution.
Most of the time, you can safely forget about the individual steps in the process for "how a bill becomes a law" in Germany - in practice, the governing coalition agrees on a bill, then the bill gets formally introduced, and the rest is just formalities and maybe some fine-tuning. That, however, won't work if the bill is a federal bill for a type of law that needs Federal Council approval, and the federal governing coalition doesn't have a majority in the Federal Council (remember, the Chancellor doesn't need the confidence of the Federal Council).
The Federal President
Then there's the Federal President, not to be confused with the Chancellor. He (it has always been a man so far, though that's not a requirement) is the ceremonial head of state, comparable to the Queen in the UK, but (indirectly) elected and not in office for life. He gets to formally sign laws, formally sign the appointment certificates for the Chancellor and the federal cabinet members, formally set the date for the election of the Bundestag, formally receive foreign ambassadors, formally hand out medals, and generally do a lot of formal things. He's elected for a five year term by the Federal Assembly, which is a special institution that exists only for that purpose and consists to one half of all members of the Bundestag and to the other half of people appointed by the state legislatures. Unlike the Chancellor, the Federal President is term-limited to a maximum of two terms. If the office of Federal President is vacant, the President of the Federal Council becomes Acting Federal President until a new Federal Assembly has assembled and elected a new Federal President.
Officially, Germany has a federalist system. I say "officially" because I don't really agree with that view myself. To me, the German political system looks more like something that was designed by people who wanted to design a federalist system and looked up in an encyclopedia what "federalism" is, but didn't really understand what they were reading. For instance, in the fields of policy left to the states, it's common for all states to coordinate (through conferences of heads of departments) so that they mostly all do the same thing. Which, in my opinion, sort of goes against the whole point of having a federalist system in the first place.
Anyway, in most cases, the head of the executive of a state is called a "Ministerpräsident", which is usually translated as "Minister-President", but I don't see why it shouldn't be translated as "Prime Minister" or "Premier" instead. The exception to that is that in the city-states (Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen) the head of the executive is the mayor. The political systems of the states mostly mirror the federal political system, except without a counterpart to the Federal Council. Also, the states don't have ceremonial heads of state - instead, the Prime Ministers and cabinet members of the states get their formal certificates of appointment from the presidents of the state legislatures.
A few of the states have existed in some form in more or less their current borders for a long time, but most were cobbled together from bits and pieces of earlier political entities by the Allies after World War 2. Therefore, some of them have awkward hyphenated names like "Nordrhein-Westfalen" (North Rhine-Westphalia) or "Baden-Württemberg".
Unlike in the USA, state legislative elections in Germany are separate from federal elections - they're mostly not in the same years, usually not at the same time of year (except by coincidence), and mostly not even at the same intervals - most state legislatures have five year terms, while the Bundestag (as mentioned above) has a four year term. Partly because of this, and partly because there are only sixteen states, which means that each state can get a bigger share of attention than in the USA, state legislative elections in Germany have an important function as signals. For instance, in 2005, then-Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's governing coalition lost a number of state legislative elections, and eventually, the combined signal from them became strong enough that he called for an early federal election. One US politician once famously said that "all politics is local" - well, in Germany, it's arguably the opposite: most politics is national.
Political parties in Germany generally come in three sizes - big, small, and very small. If a big party gets 20 percent of the votes in an election, everyone will talk a lot about what a soul-crushing defeat that is for that party. If a small party gets 20 percent of the votes in an election, everyone will talk a lot about what an incredible triumph that is for that party. Meanwhile, very small parties can be happy about any votes they get. But the more important number for small parties (and for very small parties aspiring to become small parties) is five percent - as mentioned above, that's the minimum required to get seats in the Bundestag and the state legislatures. Germany has two or three (depending on how you count) big parties, currently about four small parties, and a lot of very small parties.
(Note to German speakers: I'll use terms like "center-right" or "more to the right than x" for the CDU and the CSU - that's because I'm writing in English. I wouldn't use the German word "rechts" to describe either of these parties, except perhaps when talking about a few individual embarrassing members. While technically, the German word "rechts" and the English word "right" mean the same thing, I think the former has a much stronger association with neonazis.)
The Big Parties
The CDU or Christian Democratic Union. The main center-right party in fifteen of the sixteen German states - all except Bavaria. Not active in Bavaria. Ranges from mellow centrists to people who are more conservative and in some cases quite openly nationalistic - although I don't know how many of that last group are left after the last few years. The party of current Chancellor Angela Merkel, which might be confusing for some English speakers, given how much she is seen as a heroine by some English speaking center-leftists these days, and given how much some English-speaking right-wingers seem to hate her these days. Apparently called a "union" rather than a "party" because when it was founded after World War 2, some of its founders associated the very word "party" with the Nazis, or the Communists, or both. Their political color is black.
The CSU or Christian Social Union. The main center-right party in Bavaria. Almost always governs Bavaria, and usually gets more than half of the seats in the state legislature there. Not active anywhere else, except for its participation in federal institutions. Cooperates with the CDU at the federal level, and has a joint "faction" (or caucus, or party conference, or however you want to call it) with them in the Bundestag. Generally seen as more conservative, more "folksy", and more heavily Catholic than the CDU. (In Germany, unlike in much of the English speaking world, Catholics are generally perceived as more culturally conservative than Protestants. ("Generally perceived", of course, doesn't necessarily mean that it's true.)) Strongly associated with beer halls, lederhosen, etc. Apparently called a "union" for the same reasons as the CDU. Their political color is usually black, though sometimes blue is used to distinguish them from the CDU.
(My own interpretation of the difference between the CDU and the CSU is that the CDU is a political party while the CSU is a folklore association, but that's just me.)
The SPD or Social Democratic Party of Germany. Traditionally the main center-left party in all sixteen states, although they've fallen behind the Greens in some places recently. Like the Democrats in the USA under Bill Clinton or Labour in the UK under Tony Blair, they moved to the center to win elections under Gerhard Schröder, to such an extent that the last time they led the federal government (1998-2005) is mostly remembered for a series of cuts to the welfare state. Oldest party in Germany - voted against Hitler's Enabling Act in 1933, which meant that after World War 2, they could just rebuild their party structures under the old name, while politicians more to the right than them had to found entirely new parties from scratch. Their political color is red.
The Small Parties
The Greens. They started out as something very similar to the similarly-named parties in other countries, but moved a good deal more to the center over time, with a lot of passionate internal arguments along the way. Then again, that process wasn't one-sided - the center itself has moved in a more environmentally-friendly direction since they were founded. You may guess three times what their political color is, and the first two guesses don't count.
Die Linke, that is, The Left. A rather pretentious name IMO, since I think that the left as a political camp is a lot bigger than that one party. They were originally the state party of East Germany under Communist rule. Then they changed their name a couple of times, and merged with a left-wing group that had split off from the SPD on one of those occasions. Now mainly the party of people who think the SPD and the Greens aren't left-wing enough, although some of those think that The Left isn't left-wing enough, either. Tend to support pretty much anyone who's in a conflict with the leadership of the West when it comes to international politics. Their political color is a deeper shade of red than the SPD‘s.
The FDP or Free Democratic Party. The party of those people who are called liberals in Germany, which means that by US standards, they're basically a kind of watered-down libertarians. Their rhetorics often sound like those of US libertarians (minus the gun stuff), and I don't doubt that some of them fantasize about building a libertarian utopia in their secret dreams, but their actual policies are a lot more moderate, mainly because as a small party, they don't get to dictate policy, only to nudge it a bit into their preferred direction. Their political color used to be yellow, and yellow-blue in contexts that allowed for more than one political color per party. A few years ago, they switched to magenta as part of a rebranding exercise, but most media outlets continue to paint their column yellow when showing election results.
The AfD or Alternative for Germany. (The lowercase f is theirs.) Hard Right. OK, to be fair to them, they did throw out that one guy who talked about how bad it is that Hitler is always just seen as a bad guy. [Very belated Edit and correction: No, they didn't actually throw that guy out. There was some talk of doing it, but nothing came of it. I had misunderstood the news. ] They started out as a moderately euroskeptic party - "moderately" in that they originally didn't even want to leave the EU, only the Euro. Then they jumped on the refugee issue when it became a big deal in 2015 (you can figure out yourself where they stand on that issue), and that allowed them to grow from a very small party into a small party, and will probably allow them to become the first hard right party to jump over five percent nationally and enter the Bundestag in a very long time. They're generally a lot stronger in the former East Germany than in the former West Germany, which is something they ironically have in common with The Left. Their political color is apparently blue.
The Very Small Parties
Germany has a lot of very small parties, ranging from neonazis to punks to Christian fundamentalists to New Age cultists to hackers to satirists, and apparently even a local branch of the LaRoucheites, but you don't really have to worry about them. The neonazis among them used to occasionally jump above five percent in some states and enter some state legislatures, but that is probably over now that the AfD is stealing most of their voters.
German parties, unlike the two main parties in the USA, have formal memberships with membership cards and all that, so joining them is a bit more complicated than just registering as one of their voters. I don't really know that much about their internal structure. The constitution mandates that the internal structures of parties have to be small-d democratic, so you couldn't found a party in which the party charter says that you're the party dictator and get to appoint all the party officials and nominate all the party's candidates for office. There are no primaries, though, although some parties have apparently experimented with primary-like thingies in some places. Most of the time, regular members elect lowest level delegates, who in turn elect slightly higher level delegates, who in turn elect even higher level delegates, and so on, until the level of the state and federal conventions, which nominate the parties' candidates for state and federal offices. Parties can, as mentioned above, formally expel members, although they're theoretically required to give them a fair hearing first. There are special structures called "party courts" for that.
So Who Votes For Whom?
Mostly, the stereotypes associated with the German parties are similar to those associated with similar parties in the English speaking world, e.g., the farther you get to the left, the longer men's hair tends to be, the farther you get to the right, the shorter men's hair tends to be, and so on. I think it's important to keep that in mind. Sometimes, people who compare US and German politics (or US and European politics generally) claim that by US standards, the economic policies of the CDU would be center-left. And there's some truth in that. But it ignores that first, on some cultural issues, the CDU's policies would be clearly to the right of the Democrats even in the USA, and second, broadly speaking, the sort of people who vote for the CDU or CSU in Germany are the sort of people who would vote for the Tories if they were British or for the Republicans if they were from the USA. And the same applies, broadly speaking, to other parties. ("Mainstream" people can vote for either big or regular small parties in Germany, but the sort of people who vote for very small parties are generally the sort of people who might vote third party in the USA.)
There are some exceptions to the previous paragraph. One is that, apparently, in some parts of the former East Germany, local chapters of The Left still contain some bitter old men who were minor career officials back under Communist rule and who would probably be conservatives if they had spent their lives in a part of the world that never had Communist rule in the first place. Another is that the CDU is still very much associated with the middle class, unlike the current stereotype about US Republicans' massive appeal to the "white working class". (I'm not getting into how true or untrue that stereotype is.)
Outside of Bavaria, it's very rare for one German party to get a majority of the seats in a legislature. Minority governments are fairly rare, too. So, parties have to form coalitions, that is, two or more parties share power, with the leader of the biggest of those parties becoming Chancellor or Prime Minister. Coalitions in Germany can be roughly divided into two types: What you might call "natural coalitions" and what you might call "coalitions of necessity". (The scare quotes are there because those are terms I came up with myself, not terms that are usually used by political scientists or something like that.) Naming the coalitions is what you need all those political colors of the parties mentioned above for.
"Natural coalitions" are coalitions in which the parties involved mostly get along well and are to some extent on the same ideological wavelength. At this point in history, there are basically two possible "natural coalitions" in Germany: CDU/FDP (CDU/CSU/FDP on the federal level), which is called "black-yellow", and SPD/Greens, which is called "red-green". (There was a time in the 1970s when the SPD and the FDP in West Germany formed a lot of "red-yellow" coalitions, but that time is long gone.) If a "natural coalition" gets a majority of seats in a legislature, you basically know what will happen. (But if the bigger party of a "natural coalition" gets a majority on its own, it will still govern alone, with the smaller party joining the opposition.) Within a "natural coalition", if the smaller party appears to be in trouble, it's common for some supporters of the bigger party to vote for the smaller party, to keep it from falling below five percent.
When neither a party alone nor one of the "natural coalitions" has a majority, a "coalition of necessity" has to be formed. These can include parties that really don't like each other, so the process of forming a coalition is usually longer and more complicated. The most common "coalition of necessity" is the "grand coalition" of CDU and SPD (CDU/CSU/SPD at the federal level). It usually means that the SPD keeps the CDU from moving things to the right, and the CDU keeps the SPD from moving things to the left, so things generally stay as they were when the coalition started. The current federal coalition is a "grand coalition". But neither the CDU nor the SPD really like that option, so they often look for other options.
At the state and local level, where foreign policy is not an issue and the size of the welfare state is not much of an issue, "red-red" or "red-red-green" coalitions of the SPD and The Left, with or without the Greens, often work, but at the federal level, the differences between the SPD and The Left on those two issues make that basically impossible. In some places, the CDU and the Greens have formed state or local "black-green" coalitions, but at the federal level, the differences between what the average CDU member or voter wants and what the average Green member or voter wants are big enough that even if politicians from these two parties could work out some sort of coalition deal, they'd probably get tarred and feathered by their own parties. Other options that have been tried are "traffic light coalitions" of the SPD, FDP, and Greens ("red-yellow-green"), and "Jamaica coalitions" of the CDU, FDP, and Greens ("black-yellow-green", the colors of the flag of Jamaica). (As far as I know, Jamaica itself has a two party system and no need for coalitions.) (Oh, and actually the colors of the flag of Jamaica are black-gold-green.)
Basically all other major parties have ruled out forming a coalition with the AfD under any circumstances.
The process of forming coalitions usually takes weeks or even more than a month. During that process, the previous coalition stays in power as an "acting government", with the authority to run the day to day business of government but no authority to make big decisions. Compare this to, say, the coalition that ruled the UK from 2010 to 2015: If I remember correctly, it was formed in a few days, and during those days, Britons were apparently deeply shocked and dismayed that they might have to wait several whole days to see what their next government would look like.
I've heard different views on whether the British term "hung parliament" can be applied to Germany. Some say that, since hung parliaments are unusual and coalition forming is normal in Germany, no German parliaments are ever hung; others say that since most German elections result in no single party controlling the legislature, most German parliaments are technically hung. I myself think that the closest German equivalent to a British hung parliament is when neither of the two "natural coalitions" has a majority, but even that is very common these days.
So, What To Expect On The Day Of The Election
Unlike in the USA, where you get to refresh websites all night long to see which percentage of precincts in this or that state are reporting and where the race stands, and unlike in the UK, where TV channels spend much of the night going from one constituency to the next constituency to hear the returning officers announce the vote totals, election evening excitement (it's not really an election night) in Germany generally consists of watching a few brightly colored columns rise, to show the various parties' percentages of the vote.
At the moment the polling stations close, at 6 pm Central European time (5 pm British and Irish time, 12 noon East Coast Time, 11 am Central, 10 am Mountain, and 9 am West Coast Time), TV stations publish a "prognosis" based on exit polls. This prognosis is almost always within a few percent of the final results for all parties, so unless either one party is very close to five percent or the majority possibilities are very close, everything that comes afterwards is usually less exciting. (Media are banned from publishing exit polls while the polling stations are still open, but unlike in the UK, they are allowed to do other reporting about the election. And apparently, political leaders get exit poll results long before the polling stations close.)
Then, as polling station after polling station reports its totals, TV stations put these numbers into computers which compare the numbers to previous results from the same polling stations, calculate swing, use some more mathematical tricks, and try to extrapolate based on all this how the final result of the election will probably look like. TV stations publish one such "extrapolation" ("Hochrechnung") after another. Because they use these "mathematically processed" numbers, rather than "raw" numbers, there's generally very, very, little change in the percentages of the different parties over the course of the evening. So instead of a long night of excitement, it's usually one big moment of excitement, when the polling stations close.
So, What Will The Election Result Be?
Yes, I know, polls can be wrong. Yes, I know, a lot can happen in three and a half months. And yes, I know, ultimately the only poll that matters is the one on election day.
If you look at both the polls and the most recent state legislative election results, it seems likely that the the result will be such that a continuation of the current CDU/CSU/SPD "grand coalition" under Angela Merkel's leadership (assuming that she stays in good health) will be the only plausible option.
There's some chance that a CDU/CSU/FDP "black-yellow" coalition will have a majority (which would still be lead by Angela Merkel), but it's more likely that it won't. There‘s basically no chance that a "red-green" coalition will get a majority. There's only a very small chance that a "red-red-green" coalition will even get a theoretical majority, and that's before we get to the fact that it wouldn't work out anyway. And a CDU/CSU/Green "black-green" coalition almost certainly wouldn't work out, either, even in the unlikely case that it would have a majority.
The AfD will almost certainly get above five percent and enter the Bundestag, which will lead to a lot of jubilation among their supporters and a lot of dismay among most other people, but aside from the signaling effect, it won't matter much - they will still be a small party, small parties only get to exercise real power when they join coalitions, and this particular one won't join a coalition.
The irony is that, since neither The Left nor the AfD will join a coalition at the federal level, the more votes these parties get, the more likely it becomes that the "grand coalition" is the only realistic option. In other words, the more votes the far left and the far right get, the stronger the position of the center becomes.
So, thank you for reading all this, and sorry for spoiling the ending!
did you send enough shit to guarantee victory?
Last edited by Raphael on Mon May 07, 2018 7:52 am, edited 7 times in total.
Post subject: Re: The upcoming (September 24) German federal election
Posted: Sun Jun 11, 2017 10:13 am
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
I appreciate that ZBB members have been keeping us informed of these elections in such detail. Thank you.
Raphael wrote:
In my research on Belgian federalism, I've come across a political scientist* who describes two types of federalism that would describe what you're talking about here. The first is what we all think of when we hear federalism which is competitive regionalism where sub-national actors in government try to shift costs to one another. This is what we find in Belgium or in Spain. The other is cooperative federalism, where costs are less shifted and instead are shared among different sub-national actors. This is what we find in Austria and also in Germany. So arguably it's still federalism, it's just not federalism in the traditional sense that we associate with it, ie. something more along the lines of competitive regionalism.
*Börzel, T. A. (1999). Towards Convergence in Europe? Institutional Adaptation to Europeanization in Germany and Spain. Journal of Common Market Studies 37(4), 573.
Falgwian and Falgwia!!
Quidquid latine dictum sit, altum videtur.
Pole, the
I'll just copy-paste a comment I wrote a month ago:
Even if Petry did take part in the election, her party isn't going to obtain more than 10% of the seats (15% if they get incredibly lucky – but their best rating in the polls this year was 14.5% and it was back in January; since then, they are on a downfall).
Say what you want about Merkel and Schultz, but their are still the biggest players, and it will be a great surprise if neither of them wins.
It's still four months before the election, but I can envision the following scenarios:
· SPD will win the election and gain just enough seats to form a coalition with the Greens and the Left (or FDP);
· CDU/CSU will win the election and gain just enough seats to form a coalition with FDP;
· either will win but be unable to form a coalition without the other – the Red-Black coalition will continue, just maybe under a different leader (most likely).
(Also, as opposed to France, UK, US and so on, the electoral system in Germany is tuned so as to be as proportional as possible – disregarding the parties below the 5% threshold – so it's quite easy to translate the vote percentages into seat numbers.)
(In German, the Chancellor is both officially and usually called the Federal Chancellor, which is one word in German.)
Well, Bundeskanzler/Bundeskanzlerin is still a compound of two words, it is pronounced with two stressed syllables, and is abbreviated as BK, so I don't think it's that much of a difference…
Since 2013 the apportionment in the Bundestag is done roughly the following way:
· There are at least 598 seats, 299 chosen through FPTP and 299+ chosen through party lists.
· Each ballot contains two lists: the list of FPTP candidates and the list of parties.
· If a party doesn't manage to receive at least 5% of the party votes, or to win at least 3 FPTP constituencies, their party votes are disregarded.
Long story short, it goes bottom up.
1. First, the FPTP votes are tallied up. This way the first 299 representatives are chosen.
2. Then, in each of the 16 lands, the party list votes are tallied up, and on their basis, the whole 598 votes are divided into parties.
If a party won more FPTP constituencies than according to the party votes, they keep the FPTP seats as so called overhang seats (Überhangmandate).
3. Finally, the votes are summed up at the federal level. The 598+ seat number is further augmented with so called balancing seats (Ausgleichsmandate), so that the apportionment is proportional at the federal level as well.
(Basically, the number of the seats overall is increased and Sainte-Lague allocation on the federal level is repeated, until each party receives at least as many seats on the federal level as they received on the local level.)
The third stage was added in 2013, in order to prevent all sorts of electoral paradoxes which cased the previous system to be judged unconstitutional. However, it was also widely criticised, as it can cause the number of the balancing seats to be arbitrarily huge, until the 2013 federal election came up with only 4 overhang and 29 balancing seats.
Also, what is notable, each land can choose a different electoral system for the local elections. Most lands use more or less a variant of the federal system, just on a smaller scale, sometimes with some modifications. For instance, Baden-Wurttemberg uses a system with “best losers” chosen instead of party list candidates.
A hybrid STV-MMP method was once drafted by Markus Schulze for the local elections in Berlin.
(It is opposed to the way it is done e.g. in Poland, where all the details regarding the local elections are managed at the national level by the centralized government.)
The conlanger formerly known as “the conlanger formerly known as Pole, the”.
If we don't study the mistakes of the future we're doomed to repeat them for the first time.
Ars Lande
Thanks, Raphael!
How popular is Merkel, really? It feels a bit strange that she could conceivably stay in power for 16 years straight. Though IIRC Kohl stayed just as long.
Ars Lande wrote:
That's a kind of difficult question, since polls on her are a bit contradictory, and of course, what I hear myself might not be representative.
In "approval" polls, she generally gets good results. (To be precise, the question asked by the best-known German "approval" poll is something like "would you wish for that politician to play an important role in the future?") At the same time, I've seen some polls not too long ago that seemed to show that most people would prefer to have some generic other person as Chancellor. Then again, she has a clear lead over all actual other contenders for Chancellor.
So there seems to be a solid chunk of the electorate that, on the one hand, likes her, on the other hand, wishes she would retire already, and, on the third hand, still prefers her to any of the alternatives.
People a good deal to her right hate her passionately. People to her left generally aren't that fond of her, either, but generally don't hate her with the same passion as the hard right. I don't know of anyone who likes her as passionately as some of her opponents hate her.
Merkel has two really big strengths. The first one is her personality and style of politics: She's almost always calm, friendly, patient, and pragmatic, and she usually doesn't attack her opponents directly. This is not only a plus in negotiations, but it also makes it hard to really hate her. And when there's heated political discussion, she usually waits silently until all the contenders (including those from her own party) have shot all their arrows, so to speak, and only then she steps forward and presents a decision that's typically a workable compromise, or at least feels like one after the previous debate. This behavior does not really make her "popular" in the sense of "loved" or even just "liked", but in contrast to many other politicians, she generally comes across as a nice and reliable person, if a bit boring. She is also often nicknamed "Mutti der Nation" ("mother of the nation"), which is generally perceived as a fairly fitting description.
The second strength is that she has remarkable skill in "political aikido", i.e. an ability to take over political issues brought forward by the opposition, to adopt part of the opposition's position on these issues, and thus to bring down the momentum and to disarm her enemies by taking away from them their most motivating topics and their passion for fighting. This hasn't always worked perfectly (especially in situations where she moved too far from her own party's previous position, hence e.g. the strong disagreement from the right regarding her refugee policies), but it has worked well enough that none of the other parties are currently in a position to really challenge her. She's not easy to defeat when she's that good at deflecting attacks and making your weapons useless.
Cedh wrote:
She is also often nicknamed "Mutti der Nation" ("mother of the nation")
This made my day. Although my German is laughably poor, I know I'll be repeating this phrase to myself all day.
zompist
Boardlord
Location: In the den
That was a great write-up, by the way. It's not your fault that Germany's politics is so much less dramatic and absurd than the UK's.
The party of current Chancellor Angela Merkel, which might be confusing for some English speakers, given how much she is seen as a heroine by some English speaking center-leftists these days, and given how much some English-speaking right-wingers seem to hate her these days.
Being better than Trump and May is a pretty low bar. Plus the Anglophone world doesn't face the business end of Merkel.
I appreciate her not being Trump and May myself, but I also think her program of austerity and the German-centered policy of the EU central bank made the recession far worse in Europe than in the US and UK, and did enormous harm to European unity.
zompist wrote:
Aili Meilani
I also think her program of austerity and the German-centered policy of the EU central bank made the recession far worse in Europe
What recession?
*laughs in Polish*
Seconded. That was great.
To be fair, EU central bank policy (and most EU policy in general) is elaborated by consensus; it's been politically convenient to blame unpopular measures on the Germans ever since but they were really, a collective decision.
Belated reply:
Then again, the EU central bank has mostly (except when it lowered interest rates) done what it was designed to do, and apparently it was largely designed by German conservatives.
Some updates:
The SPD held a federal party convention on Sunday, which, like most party conventions, was mostly ignored by most people. In the state of Schleswig-Holstein, CDU, FDP, and the Greens have agreed on a "Jamaica coalition", following coalition negotiations that had started after the state legislative election there on May the 7th.
Oh, and there's now apparently a fairly good chance that marriage equality - that is, same-sex marriage or, as its supporters in Germany usually call it, marriage for all - might pass soon. The details of the legislative process concerning that are a bit complicated.
Back in the first post of this thread, I wrote:
Most of the time, you can safely forget about the individual steps in the process for "how a bill becomes a law" in Germany - in practice, the governing coalition agrees on a bill, then the bill gets formally introduced, and the rest is just formalities and maybe some fine-tuning.
OK, now that sentence has sort of come back to bite me in the ass. In the process for turning the current marriage equality bill into a law, some of the individual steps are actually relevant.
At their federal party convention on Sunday, the SPD declared that after the election, they would not join any coalition without marriage equality. This comes after the Greens and the FDP came out in favor of marriage equality. So basically, after the election, the CDU/CSU will have to form a coalition with at least one party that strongly supports marriage equality. (It's currently very unlikely that there'll be a plausible coalition without the CDU/CSU after the election.)
Reacting to those developments, Angela Merkel has said in an interview that she'd be in favor of having a vote on the matter in the Bundestag some time after the election in which the CDU would tell their members of the Bundestag that how they vote is a matter of conscience - that is, they would not "advise" their people on how to vote. In that case, marriage equality would almost certainly pass.
Leading politicians in the SPD, however, have said that they want to pass marriage equality before the election. The Federal Council introduced a marriage equality bill back in 2015, which has been sort of hanging in the air since then, and SPD politicians want to pass that one before it dies after the election.
Which brings us to the general issue of federal bills in Germany that are introduced by someone else than the cabinet and don't have the support of most politicians in the largest coalition party, but do probably have the support of most individual members of the Bundestag. A bill with those traits is a fairly unusual thing in Germany - unusual enough that a 169 pages long pdf document on how the Bundestag works that I downloaded in the hope of finding out what is likely to happen next has almost nothing on such bills (it briefly mentions the possibility and then talks a lot about bills introduced by the cabinet).
The SPD claims that there might be a vote in the Bundestag on the second reading of that bill this week. However, the Bundestag's agenda for the week says nothing about marriage laws, and I don't know how the agenda can be changed once it has been agreed on. (The Bundestag's agenda is set by something called the Bundestag's Council of Elders (Ältestenrat), which consists of the Bundestag's leading officials, the leading officials of the different factions (party conferences), and a few more people.)
Sigh. I'll get back to you if I hear anything new on the matter.
marriage for all
I wonder what Patrick Stübing and his supporters think of that phrase.
Next update: The marriage equality bill has been reported out of the Bundestag's law committee. Pretty much everyone seems to agree that it will pass its second and third reading on Friday. (Presumably, the Council of Elders will, when it meets tomorrow, put it on the agenda for Friday.) (Today I learned that if bills in the Bundestag pass their second reading without changes, the third reading follows immediately afterwards.)
It's very likely that once the bill has become a law, cultural conservatives will complain to the Federal Constitutional Court that it's unconstitutional. The German Basic Law (the current constitution) states that "marriage and the family are under the special protection of the order of the state", and cultural conservatives interpret that as mandating that marriage must be generally preserved in the form it had when the Basic Law was written, that is, in 1949.
On the other hand, the Federal Constitutional Court has ruled before that same-sex partnerships living together with the child(ren) of one of the partners fall under the definition of "family" according to the paragraph Raphael mentioned.
Ok, the bill passed the Bundestag this morning, with Merkel herself voting against it. I think bills being passed against the Chancellor's own vote are fairly unusual in Germany - I guess in this case it was possible because of the weird situation where the two biggest parties at the same time govern together in a coalition and campaign against each other.
The Federal Council will now have two weeks to refer the bill to the Mediation Committee (between the Bundestag and the Federal Council.) If it does not do that -and it most likely won't - the bill will be signed by the Federal President, then officially published, and a few months later it will take force - most media outlets seem to agree that it will take force on November the 1st. New laws in Germany usually take force on the first of a month.
People generally vote for parties rather than individuals; as a result, German legislators are very heavily dependent on their parties, and almost never vote against them.
Ich habe eine Unterschied zwischen die Wahl während des Ermächtigungsgesetzes (und das französischen Gegenstück) in Deutschland und in Frankreich bemerkt: in Deutschland haben alle Sozialisten gegen gewählt, und nur die. Aber in Frankreich waren die Parteien ganz geteilt hinsichtlich des Wahls über die Mächte Pétains (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vote_des_ ... %C3%A9tain).
I noticed a difference between France and Germany during the enabling acts in the respective countries: in Germany, all the socialists voted against, and only them. But, in France, the parties were heavily divided in terms of vote on Pétain's powers. (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vote_des_ ... %C3%A9tain)
And a CDU/CSU/Green "black-green" coalition almost certainly wouldn't work out, either, even in the unlikely case that it would have a majority.
Warum denkst du das? Es gibt schon den schwarz-grün Koalition in Baden-Würtemberg ohne Probleme, oder?
Why do you think that? There's already the black-green coalition in Baden-Würtemberg without problems, isn't there?
Was denkst du über eine Bundeslandsbesserung? In Frankreich wurde eine Neuerung mit mehr Zusammenflicken eingeführt, und das war ganz unbeliebt und großteils unberechtigt.
What do you think about a reform of the regions? In France, a reform with more cobbling together was put in place, and it was quite unpopular and largely unjustified.
Sorry, I was away from the ZBB for a few days.
OK, zuerst die sprachlichen Korrekturen:
OK, fir the use-of language corrections:
Ich habe eine Unterschied zwischen die Wahl während des Ermächtigungsgesetzes (und das französischen Gegenstück) in Deutschland und in Frankreich bemerkt:
"Ich habe einen Unterschied zwischen der Abstimmung über das Ermächtigungsgesetz (und der über das französische Gegenstück) in Deutschland und in Frankreich bemerkt:"
Das Wort "Wahl" wird normalerweise nur benutzt, wenn man Menschen in Ämter wählt. In anderen Zusammenhängen sagt man meistes "Abstimmung".
The word "Wahl" is usually only used if you elect people to offices. In other contexts you usually say "Abstimmung".
in Deutschland haben alle Sozialisten gegen gewählt, und nur die.
"in Deutschland haben alle Sozialdemokraten dagegen gestimmt, und nur die."
Erwachsene SPD-Mitglieder in Deutschland nennen sich selbst eigentlich fast immer "Sozialdemokraten", und werden nur gelegentlich von ihren Gegnern "Sozialisten" genannt. Die Jugendorganisation heißt allerdings "Jungsozialistinnen und Jungsozialisten".
Adult SPD members in Germany almost always call themselves "Social Democrats", and are only occasionally called "socialists" by their opponents. The youth organization is, however, called "Young Socialists".
Aber in Frankreich waren die Parteien ganz geteilt hinsichtlich des Wahls über die Mächte Pétains
"Aber in Frankreich waren alle Parteien bei der Abstimmung über die Vollmachten Pétains gespalten."
"Warum denkst du das? Es gibt doch schon ohne Probleme die schwarz-grüne Koalition in Baden-Würtemberg, oder?"
"Was denkst du über eine Bundeslandsverbesserung? In Frankreich wurde eine Neuerung mit mehr Zusammenflicken eingeführt, und das war ganz unbeliebt und größtenteils unberechtigt."
OK, now on to the points you made:
Regarding the vote on giving Pétain supreme powers, I'm reminded of the early chapters of Robert Paxton's book "Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940-1944". Paxton claims that there was an enormous feeling of failure, disaster, desolation, and dread in the France of mid-1940, and, crucially, that the sense of enormous failure was blamed almost universally on the existing (democratic) political system, even by people who were a part of that system. It seems likely that even many left-wing politicians thought "we tried doing things our way, and that failed", and were therefore willing to vote for a radical change in the political system. That is, however, meant as an explanation, not as an excuse.
Regarding whether a CDU/CSU/Green coalition could work at the federal level - I admit that my opinion that it couldn't is mostly a gut feeling, not something I could argue for analytically. I will, however, say that some of the cultural issues on which the CDU and the Greens are the farthest away from each other are decided at the federal level in Germany. My gut feeling might be wrong, though.
As for the last point, reducing the number of states in Germany seems to be very popular among politicians and fairly unpopular among everyone else. That is relevant because, under the Basic Law, any changes to state borders must be confirmed in referendums. There was a referendum on merging Berlin and Brandenburg in the 1990s, which failed. I don't really have any strong opinions on the matter, except that I think that outside of Berlin, it's probably better for places in the former West Germany to belong to different states than places in the former East Germany for now - circumstances, and therefore the needs of people when it comes to public policy, are still fairly different in the two parts of the country. However, it's kinda weird that people are often so strongly opposed to changing state borders, since "regional identities" in Germany are usually based on "traditional regions" rather than states.
hwhatting
Location: Bonn, Germany
Bundeslandsverbesserung
The technical terms are Neugliederung des Bundesgebietes or Länderreform. The German Wikipedia has a good overview about the various proposals and initiatives.
I don't think any of that will happen - as Raphael says, people aren't interested, but any changes need to be agreed in referendums, which will most probably fail to attract sufficient quora and yes votes. Historically, there were successful referendums (called because of successful petitions) in 1975 for the resurrection of two pre-WW II smaller states (Oldenburg, Schaumburg-Lippe) that are part of Lower Saxony, but the Federal Government refused to implement them, as the resurrection would have been contrary to the constitutional goals set for the re-ordering of the states (creating more viable states) - the resurrection would have created more minnow states, not led to the consolidation foreseen in the constitution. So the goals of the politicians and wonks, as put into the constitution, of having less and bigger states is something the voters aren't interested in, while the only goal that managed to make people interested in these matters, the resurrection of abolished states, is not supported by the politicians and the constitution.
I don't know whether resurrection of any state merged into the current ones would still fire up so many voters today; in 1975, the memory of those states was much fresher. The only state for which I know that there still is a substantial movement to resurrect it is Baden, but a referendum to resurrect it failed in 1975.
jmcd wrote:
Hopefully, that particular example isn't representative of French politics as a whole!
That said, party discipline, while it exists, is laxer in France than in Germany, or the UK. That led among other things to the near collapse of the socialist party this year - understandably, LREM (Macron's party) looks so far to be a lot stricter about it. I'm not sure people are really comfortable with that, though - we're accustomed to some independence from our legislators.
Location: One of the dark places of the world
Therefore, some of them have awkward hyphenated names like "Nordrhein-Westfalen" (North Rhine-Westphalia) or "Baden-Württemberg".
It should perhaps be mentioned that this is a country that has previously comprised such polities as Baden-Durlach, Baden-Hochberg, Baden-Pforzheim, Baden-Sausenberg, and even Baden-Baden. The name of Baden-Baden was so popular that when Baden-Baden itself ceased to exist, they renamed Baden as Baden-Baden to keep the name alive. (Baden-Baden (formerly Baden) is located in the former territory of Baden-Baden in Baden in Baden-Wuerttemberg).
And that's not mentioning German states like Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein, Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein, or the Wild- und Rhinegraviate of Rheingrafenstein-Grenzweiler! (speaking of which: how is on meant to pronounce "Salm-Dhaun"?)
Anyway, it's interesting that there's no interest in German regional reform. In parallel, here there's been a lot of pressure from politicians of both parties to give away powers to local regions, decentralising power from Westminster and allowing more direct rule by local people... but the problem is, everybody despises the idea. The general feeling seems to be that it's bad enough having to put up with as much democracy as we have, let alone have more democracy. [this is usually phrased in terms of the democratic process requiring *spit* politicians *spit*, and nothing could be worse than the existence of politicians. Give power to the regions? Then there would have to be regional politicians! Why doesn't the PM just decide everything herself, then we wouldn't need politicians at all!]
More generally, the theme seems to be that the people are completely uninterested in regional-level government wherever you are, until an independence movement comes along.
Ars: the different in party discipline is a result of the electoral system. Two-round voting totally undermines any attempt at building a stable two-party system. Normally, voters cannot vote for minor parties due to an assurance game: there's no point voting for a minor party unless everyone else does, and unless the opinion pollls are overwhelming you can't be sure that everyone else will, so you play it safe and vote for the main party instead. The two-round system allows voters to signal their support for a minor party in the first vote, assuming that they'll have a change to switch to the main party in the second vote (though, of course, sometimes they misjudge this); this enables minor parties to rise to become major parties very quickly, either by 'accidentally' beating the main party in the first round, or just by the first round vote being a strong enough signal to encourage supporters to risk voting for them next time. You get a similar party-weakening effect in other multiple-vote systems, such as STV.
This is also exacerbated in France by the fact that your parties hold public primaries to select candidates, which forces representatives to pay attention to local politics to stave off any challengers within their own party. This encourages more independent thinking. Conversely a system where candidates are centrally selected by the party strongly reinforces party obedience, while one where candidates are selected by local party committees is probably somewhere in the middle (candidates can't piss off the local party TOO much, but on the other hand the local party officials are probably more pragmatic and loyal than the party membership at large).
Blog: http://vacuouswastrel.wordpress.com/
But the river tripped on her by and by, lapping
as though her heart was brook: Why, why, why! Weh, O weh
I'se so silly to be flowing but I no canna stay!
I always thought the Germans are on the whole, very satisfied with the federal system, interested in regional-level politics, and pretty much content with the Länder as they now stand. Maybe Raphael or hwhatting will disabuse me of that notion
The French reform of the region mostly left people indifferent because, well, it was just a stupid, pointless reform.
We're not very interested on the whole in regional government, because the regions don't have enough autonomy to matter and aren't likely to get any. That's because the Republic (cue dramatic chord) is One and Indivisible (thunderclap) and giving a local government something interesting to do would lead to unspecified vague nasty things.
We only have public primaries for presidential candidates, and that was fairly recent. The socialists had one in 2012 in 2016, LR only in 2016. Seeing how it turned out so I'm fairly sure that experiment will be quickly dropped. 2012-2016 did coincide with a breakdown in party discipline for the socialists so indeed the primaries had an effect.
Candidates for the legislative elections are ultimately decided centrally, at least for the mainstream parties. But, as the presidential and legislative elections are synced, the presidential candidates usually gets a lot of input, except of course when his party hates him. (Also, there's always the chance the rejected candidate tips off the press about a financial scandal, as happened this year with Fillon, apparently).
It should perhaps be mentioned that this is a country that has previously comprised such polities as Baden-Durlach, Baden-Hochberg, Baden-Pforzheim, Baden-Sausenberg, and even Baden-Baden.
The main difference is that with the old polities, the hyphen mostly indicated splits (Baden-Durlach was the part of Baden that went to the Durlach branch), while the modern hyphenated names generally indicate amalgamation (Baden-Württemberg contains the old states of Baden and Württemberg).
(speaking of which: how is on meant to pronounce "Salm-Dhaun"?)
[zalm daʊ̯n]. The "Dh" is just a weird historical spelling.
Not true for Germany - I wouldn't try to abolish the states, people are used to them, even if most of them are artificial post-WW II creations.
It's going to be another SPD-CDU coalition, isn't it.
Also, repeating my earlier question:
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Singapore: Bribery & Corruption (2nd edition)
This country-specific Q&A provides an overview to bribery and corruption laws and regulations that may occur in Singapore.
This Q&A is part of the global guide to Bribery & Corruption. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit http://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/practice-areas/bribery-and-corruption-second-edition/
What is the legal framework (legislation/regulations) governing bribery and corruption in your jurisdiction?
The primary legislation governing bribery and corruption in Singapore is the Prevention of Corruption Act (Chapter 241) (PCA). The main offences under the PCA are set out in sections 5 and 6 which apply to both the private and public sector and prohibit both active and passive bribery.
The Penal Code (Chapter 224) contains further provisions concerning corruption. This includes offences related to bribery of domestic “public servants” under sections 161 to 165 of the Penal Code. In practice, however, the offences under the Penal Code are rarely used to prosecute corruption offences. Prosecutors usually rely on the offences under the PCA instead.
The Corruption, Drug Trafficking and other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits) Act (Cap 65A) (CDSA) is another legislation to combat corruption. The CDSA criminalises the acquiring, possessing, using, concealing and/or transferring of benefits from criminal conduct such as corruption, and allows for the confiscation of such benefits.
Which authorities have jurisdiction to investigate and prosecute bribery in your jurisdiction?
In Singapore, the main authority which investigates bribery is the Corrupt Practice Investigation Bureau (CPIB). The main authority which prosecutes bribery is the Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC).
How is bribery defined?
Bribery is defined widely under the PCA.
Section 5 of the PCA provides that it is an offence for anyone to:
"(a) corruptly solicit or receive, or agree to receive for himself, or for any other person; or
(b) corruptly give, promise or offer to any person whether for the benefit of that person or of another person,
any gratification as an inducement to or reward for, or otherwise on account of —
(i) any person doing or forbearing to do anything in respect of any matter or transaction whatsoever, actual or proposed; or
(ii) any member, officer or servant of a public body doing or forbearing to do anything in respect of any matter or transaction whatsoever, actual or proposed, in which such public body is concerned […]"
Section 6 of PCA also provides that it is an offence for an agent to corruptly accept or obtain any gratification in relation to the acts or performance of his principal. For example, this may involve an employee corruptly accepting or obtaining any gratification in relation to the acts of his company.
Further, sections 11 and 12 of the PCA provide that it is an offence to offer gratification to domestic public officials.
Under the PCA, “gratification” has a wide definition which includes both monetary and non-monetary benefits. Monetary benefits include “any gift, loan, fee, reward, commission, valuable security or other property or interest in property of any description, whether movable or immovable”. Non-monetary benefits include “any other service, favour or advantage of any description whatsoever”.
Does the law distinguish between bribery of a public official and bribery of private persons? If so, how is ‘public official’ defined? Are there different definitions for bribery of a public official and bribery of a private person?
The primary corruption offences under section 5 and 6 of the PCA apply to both the private and public sectors.
However, the law distinguishes between the private and public sectors in that there is a presumption of corruption where gratification has been given to public officials under Section 8 of the PCA. Section 8 of the PCA provides as follows:
8. Where in any proceedings against a person for an offence under section 5 or 6, it is proved that any gratification has been paid or given to or received by a person in the employment of the Government or any department thereof or of a public body by or from a person or agent of a person who has or seeks to have any dealing with the Government or any department thereof or any public body, that gratification shall be deemed to have been paid or given and received corruptly as an inducement or reward as hereinbefore mentioned unless the contrary is proved.
Section 8 of the PCA defines a public official as “a person in the employment of the Government or any department thereof or of a public body by or from a person or agent of a person who has or seeks to have any dealing with the Government or any department thereof or any public body”.
Section 2 of the PCA defines a “public body” widely as “any corporation, board, council, commissioners or other body which has power to act under and for the purposes of any written law relating to public health or to undertakings or public utility or otherwise to administer money levied or raised by rates or charges in pursuance of any written law”.
There are also specific offences under the PCA which relate to the public sector, in particular:
Corruptly procuring the withdrawal from a government tender (section 10 of the PCA);
Bribery of a member of the Singapore Parliament (section 11 of the PCA); and
Bribery of a member of a public body (section 12 of the PCA).
Further, there are specific offences under the Penal Code which relate to the public sector, in particular:
The acceptance by a public servant of a gratification or anything of value without any or adequate consideration (section 165 of the Penal Code);
The acceptance of a gratification by any person in order to influence or to exercise personal influence over a public servant (sections 162-163 of the Penal Code); and
The acceptance by a public servant of a gratification or anything of value as a reward for doing any official act, outside of legal remuneration (section 161 of the Penal Code).
Under the Penal Code, "public servant" is defined under section 21 of the Penal Code as including:
An officer in the Singapore Armed Forces;
A judge;
An officer of a court of justice;
An assessor assisting a court of justice;
An arbitrator or other person to whom any cause or matter has been referred for decision;
An office holder who holds powers to confine other persons;
An officer of the Singapore Government;
An officer who acts on behalf of the Government; or
A member of the Public Service or Legal Service Commission.
What are the civil consequences of bribery in your jurisdiction?
Under Section 14 of the PCA, where a bribe has been given by any person to an agent, the agent’s principal may recover the value of the bribe as a civil debt. This would allow, for example, a company to seek damages from a former director or employee who received corrupt payments on account of their dealings on behalf of the company. Any such civil liability would be in addition to any penalty or fine imposed as part of a criminal sentence.
In addition to the civil recovery proceedings under the PCA, other types of civil action are available. For example, in certain circumstances, it is possible for a company to bring a civil action for conspiracy against its employee(s) who received bribes and/or the person who gave bribes.
What are the criminal consequences of bribery in your jurisdiction?
Any person found guilty of an offence under the PCA may be subject to the following:
A fine of up to S$ 100,000;
Imprisonment of up to five years (for private sector offences); and/or
Imprisonment of up to seven years (for public sector offences).
Further, under Section 13 of the PCA, any person found guilty of receiving a bribe may also be ordered to pay a penalty equal to the amount of the bribe itself.
Penalties for corruption offences under the Penal Code can be in the form of a fine and/or imprisonment of up to seven years.
Does the law place any restrictions on hospitality, travel and entertainment expenses? Are there specific regulations restricting such expenses for foreign public officials?
There are no specific restrictions placed on the provision of hospitality, travel and entertainment expenses per se.
However, careful consideration should be given before providing any hospitality, travel or entertainment to domestic public officials. This is since, under section 8 of the PCA, any gratification given to public officials will be presumed to have been given corruptly unless proven otherwise.
There are no explicit equivalent restrictions in the context of foreign public officials. However, the general prohibition of bribery under sections 5 and 6 of the PCA applies.
Are political contributions regulated?
Political contributions are primarily regulated by the Political Donations Act (Cap 236) (PDA). This legislation was enacted predominantly to prevent foreign citizens and foreign controlled bodies from interfering in the domestic political process by funding candidates and political associations.
Under the PDA, political associations and candidates can only accept contributions from permissible donors (Singapore citizens not less than 21 years of age, Singapore-controlled companies carrying on business mainly in Singapore, or a candidate's political party). If donations come from anonymous donors, such donations from anonymous donors may not exceed S$5,000 per financial year.
Donors who donate an aggregate sum of S$ 10,000 or more in a calendar year, political associations and any aspiring or actual political candidate must file donation reports, at least annually, to the Registrar of Political Donations. Donation reports should state details such as the identity of donors, value of donations and circumstances in which donations were made.
Are facilitation payments regulated? If not, what is the general approach to such payments?
Facilitation payments may be defined as payments which are made to public officials to speed up an administrative process where the outcome is already pre-determined.
Facilitation payments are not specifically regulated in Singapore – in particular, there is no exemption or defence applicable to such payments similar to that provided under the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1977 (FCPA).
Thus, facilitation payments would constitute an act of bribery under Singapore law.
Are there any defences available?
There are no formal defences available under the PCA or Penal Code. In particular, there is no equivalent to the facilitation payment exemption found under the FCPA, or the “adequate procedures” defence under the United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010 that a company has put in place adequate procedures to prevent corruption.
Further, section 23 of the PCA explicitly states that the fact that the giving of gifts or other benefits is customary in any trade or profession is not a valid defence to a corruption offence.
Are compliance programs a mitigating factor to reduce/eliminate liability for bribery offences in your jurisdiction? Please identify any guidance indicating what features a compliance program should have in order to provide an effective defence/mitigation.
As discussed above, there is no formal "adequate procedures" defence in Singapore to reduce or eliminate liability for bribery offences on account of the implementation of a compliance program.
That being said, where there is an effective anti-bribery compliance program in place, this may be a mitigating consideration for prosecutors in deciding whether to commence criminal proceedings and/or for the courts at sentencing stage.
The new Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPA) scheme may also allow companies to highlight effective anti-bribery compliance programs as part of their negotiations on any DPA to be entered into with the Attorney-General’s Chambers (AGC). A DPA is a voluntary alternative in which a prosecutor agrees to grant amnesty in exchange for a defendant agreeing to fulfil certain requirements and specific conditions, such as, for example, co-operating in investigations into wrongdoing by individuals. For now, there are no publicly-available guidelines on when the AGC will enter into a DPA with a corporate entity.
Who may be held liable for bribery? Only individuals, or also corporate entities?
Both individuals and corporate entities may be held liable for bribery. The primary bribery offences under sections 5 and 6 of the PCA apply to all "persons". The term "person" is defined in the Interpretation Act as including "any company or association of body of persons, corporate or unincorporated."
In practice, however, the authorities' enforcement efforts have focused predominantly on individuals, with prosecutions against corporates entities for corruption offences being rare to date.
Has the government published any guidance advising how to comply with anti-corruption and bribery laws in your jurisdiction? If so, what are the elements of an effective corporate compliance program?
The CPIB has published their answers to some frequently asked questions relating to anti-corruption and bribery laws in Singapore on their website at http://www.ifaq.gov.sg/CPIB/apps/Fcd_faqmain.aspx.
In 2017, the CPIB and SPRING (now Enterprise Singapore – a government agency championing enterprise development) also launched the Singapore Standard (SS) ISO 37001 on anti-bribery management systems. This voluntary standard is based on internationally-recognised good practices. It provides guidelines to help Singapore companies strengthen their anti-bribery compliance systems and processes and ensure compliance with anti-bribery laws.
Further, in 2017, CPIB published PACT – its Practical Anti-Corruption Guide for Businesses in Singapore.
PACT provides guidance for business owners on how to develop and implement an anti-corruption system. The elements of an effective corporate compliance program as stated in PACT include the following:
Tone from the top promoting a corporate culture of compliance;
Implementation of clear, visible and easy to understand anti-corruption policies and a code of conduct;
Guidance on common corruption risk areas including:
Corporate gifts and entertainment;
Conflicts of interests; and
Contributions and sponsorship.
Conducting bribery and corruption risk assessments;
The implementation of effective internal controls;
The availability of effective reporting and whistleblower systems; and
Regular monitoring of the compliance system.
Does the law provide protection to whistle-blowers?
There is currently no specific omnibus legislation to provide protection to whistle-blowers in Singapore. However, some protection is offered by the PCA – in particular, section 36 of the PCA protects the identity of whistle-blowers in the context of court proceedings relating to PCA offences.
There is growing attention in terms of the need for such specific legislation.
How common are government authority investigations into allegations of bribery?
Based on statistics from 2014 to 2018, the CPIB typically receives between 358 and 475 corruption-related complaints per year. Corruption cases registered for investigation by the CPIB were between 103 and 136 per year from 2014 to 2018.
What are the recent trends in investigations and enforcement in your jurisdiction?
Based on the CPIB’s annual report for 2018, cases involving private sector individuals continued to form the majority, or 88%, of all the new cases registered for investigation by the CPIB in 2018. Of these, 15% involved public sector employees rejecting bribes offered by private sector individuals. The proportion of public sector cases remained low, accounting for 12% of all cases registered for investigation in 2018.
The Criminal Justice Reform Act (CJRA) which was passed by Parliament on 19 March 2018 also introduced the option of Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPA) in Singapore. A DPA is a voluntary alternative in which a prosecutor agrees to grant amnesty in exchange for a defendant agreeing to fulfil certain requirements and specific conditions, such as, for example, implementing compliance programmes, and/or co-operating in investigations into wrongdoing by individuals. For now, there are no publicly-available guidelines on when the AGC will enter into a DPA with a corporate entity.
The introduction of DPAs in Singapore may be an indication of an increased focus on corporate entities by the Singapore government. This is since the Singapore Ministry of Law stated that the DPAs serve two main purposes – to encourage corporate reform to prevent future offending, and facilitate investigations into wrongdoing both by the company and by individuals.
Is there a process of judicial review for challenging government authority action and decisions?
Yes. Three requirements must be satisfied before an applicant may be granted leave to commence judicial review proceedings:
the subject matter of the complaint has to be susceptible to judicial review
the applicant has to have sufficient interest in the matter; and
the materials before the court have to disclose an arguable or prima facie case of reasonable suspicion in favour of granting the remedies sought by the applicant
After preliminary requirements are met, the court may also decline jurisdiction if the matter is not justiciable. For example, where the decision involves matters of government policy and requires the intricate balancing of various competing policy considerations that judges are ill-equipped to adjudicate, or where a judicial pronouncement could embarrass some other branch of government or tie its hands in the conduct of affairs traditionally regarded as falling within its purview.
The scope of judicial review may involve, amongst others, reviewing (i) whether there was evidence to establish a “precedent fact” which was relied on in a government authority action or decision or (ii) whether the government authority action or decision was illegal, irrational or procedurally improper.
Are there any planned developments or reforms of bribery and anti-corruption laws in your jurisdiction?
As discussed above, the Criminal Justice Reform Act (CJRA) which was passed by Parliament on 19 March 2018 introduced the option of Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPA) in Singapore. A DPA is a voluntary alternative in which a prosecutor agrees to grant amnesty in exchange for a defendant agreeing to fulfil certain requirements and specific conditions, such as, for example, implementing compliance programmes, and/or co-operating in investigations into wrongdoing by individuals.
The introduction of DPAs in Singapore may be an indication of an increased focus on corporate entities by the Singapore government. This is since the Singapore Ministry of Law stated that the DPAs serve two main purposes – to encourage corporate reform to prevent future offending, and facilitate investigations into wrongdoing both by the company and by individuals. Corporations who wish to engage in DPA discussions must be represented by lawyers under the law.
Given Singapore’s status as a key commerce and financial hub in Asia with a strong rule of law, continuing reforms to Singapore's anti-bribery and corruption laws are bound to be contemplated. The corruption case involving Keppel Offshore & Marine highlights such a need given the transnational nature of both inbound and outbound business for local and foreign companies in Singapore.
To which international anti-corruption conventions is your country party?
Singapore is a party to the United Nations Convention against Corruption which was ratified on 6 November 2009. Singapore is also a party to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime which was ratified on 28 August 2007.
Further, Singapore is a member of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG). CPIB also represents Singapore at various anti-corruption fora such as:
Asian Development Bank (ABD) - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and Pacific
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Anti-Corruption and Transparency Experts' Working Group (ACTWG)
Economic Crime Agencies Network (ECAN)
G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group (ACWG)
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities (IAACA)
South East Asia – Parties Against Corruption (SEA-PAC)
Do you have a concept of legal privilege in your jurisdiction which applies to lawyer-led investigations? If so, please provide details on the extent of that protection.
Singapore law recognises legal advice privilege and litigation privilege, both of which are codified under the Evidence Act. In summary:
Legal advice privilege protects confidential communications with a lawyer made for the purposes of seeking or giving legal advice; and
Litigation privilege protects confidential communications with a lawyer made in reasonable contemplation of litigation.
Under the Evidence Act, legal advice and litigation privilege apply in the context of both civil and criminal litigation.
However, the question of whether companies can avoid disclosure on grounds of privilege has not been tested in any reported case.
How much importance does your government place on tackling bribery and corruption? How do you think your jurisdiction’s approach to anti-bribery and corruption compares on an international scale?
Singapore adopts a zero-tolerance approach to corruption. Based on CPIB’s Annual Report 2018, the CPIB has consistently achieved a high annual clearance rate, completing investigations into 80% of the number of subjects investigated in 2018. The conviction rate also remained high, averaging 98% over the past five years.
Singapore was ranked third least corrupt country globally in Transparency International's 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). In the Political and Economic Risk Consultancy's 2018 Report on Corruption in Asia, Singapore was also ranked the least corrupt country in the region - a position Singapore has held since 1995. Further, Singapore ranked fourth for absence of corruption in the 2017-2018 Rule of Law Index compiled by the World Justice Project, and is the top Asian nation out of 113 countries.
Singapore’s resolve and commitment to fight corruption continues to be deeply unwavering. Singapore’s anti-corruption approach stands shoulder to shoulder with the best international standards both locally and in terms of international co-operation with other anti-corruption agencies.
Generally how serious are organisations in your country about preventing bribery and corruption?
In light of Singapore’s zero-tolerance approach to corruption, organisations in Singapore are generally serious about preventing bribery and corruption. Companies in Singapore know that no one is above the law and organisations will not be spared the full brunt of the law if the company, management or employees are caught for corruption or corrupt practices.
To combat corruption in the private sector, CPIB launched the Anti-Corruption Partnership Network (ACPN) in September 2018. It aims to encourage firms to adopt anti-corruption measures and inculcate a culture of integrity and business ethics among their staff through sharing sessions and discussions.
What are the biggest challenges enforcement agencies/regulators face when investigating and prosecuting cases of bribery and corruption in your jurisdiction?
CPIB has highlighted that one of the biggest challenges that it faces is that corruption is hard to detect – with perpetrators going to great lengths to conceal the corrupt transactions and proceeds. CPIB also highlighted that, for corruption, both the giver and receiver of bribes are offenders who would avoid telling the truth to shield themselves from criminal prosecution.
Furthermore, evidence gathering in cross-border transactions would also typically pose a challenge for enforcement agencies.
What do you consider will be the most significant corruption-related challenges posed to businesses in your jurisdiction over the next 18 months?
Although Singapore has done well in terms of combating corruption, Singapore is situated in the Asia Pacific region which exposes Singapore to various corruption risks. In 2018’s CPI, it was noted that the Asia Pacific region had made little progress in the fight against corruption with a fairly low score of 44/100 for three consecutive years.
Singapore companies with overseas business interests and multi-national corporations with their regional headquarters in Singapore may be exposed as a result of corruption activities taking place overseas especially in cross-border dealings. In this regard, the PCA has extra-territorial powers to deal with corrupt acts committed by a Singapore citizen outside Singapore as though these were committed in Singapore. Pressures on financial results arising from economic growth factors (or slow growth) in the region may also be a challenge to companies operating in and out of Singapore.
How would you improve the legal framework and process for preventing, investigating and prosecuting cases of bribery and corruption?
One of the ways that the legal framework for preventing corruption can be improved is the enaction of robust whistle-blower protection laws, and raising awareness of such laws once they are enacted. Such whistle-blower protection laws are in place in most developed countries, and may encourage employees to report wrongdoing and protect them when they do. Otherwise, a whistle-blower may be concerned that reporting any wrongdoing may lead to him losing his job, being threatened, physically harmed or sued for defamation. The issue of stigma for whistle-blowers is a real and present one.
Country Author
Drew & Napier LLC
The Legal 500
Wendell Wong, Co-head, Investigations; Director, Dispute Resolution
wendell.wong
@drewnapier.com
Share & Download
Contributing Editor – Bribery & Corruption
Joanna Ludlam, Partner joanna.ludlam@bakermckenzie.com
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Crazy Love - Revised & Updated
Do contemporary believers live the radically committed life Jesus calls his followers to live? In this revised and updated edition of his best-selling wake-up call, Chan challenges church members to take responsibility for their apathy, engage in honest s
Do contemporary believers live the radically committed life Jesus calls his followers to live? In this revised and updated edition of his best-selling wake-up call, Chan challenges church members to take responsibility for their apathy, engage in honest self-examination, and totally surrender to God's purpose. Includes a new preface by Chan and a new chapter in which he shares about the last five years since Crazy Love's first release.
Crazy Love - Introduction
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Climate Change and the Coral Reefs
A research study in Australia revealed that Philippines is rich in marine biodiversity which is connected to other marine ecosystems in the Pacific ocean. Filipino marine students are now studying the decreasing count of coral reefs which will have a great impact on our lives in the future. According to the study of Prof. Terry Hughes, Australia’s foremost marine biologist on coral ecosystems, marine biology students in the Philippines could do a big help to further study the problems in coral ecosystems to learn the possible outcome on aquatic life and Filipino livings.
The study found out three major threats to the existence of coral reefs around the world: climate change, over fishing and land runoff.
Last June 5, scientific presentations happened at the Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) Forum, where Hughes presented his present research which discussed the state of the world’s coral ecosystems and the impacts of climate change.
The CTI is a multilateral partnership between six governments (the CT6) 1 to safeguard the region’s marine and coastal biological resources.
During the Philippines celebration of World Oceans Day last June 8, Hughes gave a lecture at the Siliman University in the event of “Scientists in Schools” initiative of the Australian Embassy in Manila. he also served as a lecturer at the University of the Philippines Marine Sciences Institute and the Philippine Science High School with the theme “Youth: the Next Wave for Change.”
Moreover, Australian Ambassador Bill Tweddell said that the science program supports the Philippine government’s main concern of nurturing science education and research.
Mary Jezmyn Sablon says:
Thank you for helping us to do our assignment and I hope that you help more people like us
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Education Man Charged with Attacking 6-Year-Old Girl on School Playground in Torrance
Most Calif. for-profit colleges lose state grants
Published on Thursday, 02 August 2012 17:31
Written by JUDY LIN
By JUDY LIN |
SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — California’s move to tighten eligibility requirements for its Cal Grant program will eliminate or reduce awards to 14,500 students, most of them enrolled in for-profit colleges such as the University of Phoenix, the California Student Aid Commission announced Tuesday.
The commission released a list of colleges that are no longer eligible to receive Cal Grants under tougher standards passed by the Legislature and signed by Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown in June. The rules were adopted to save an estimated $55 million and address the state’s budget deficit.
California’s public universities and most nonprofit, private colleges met the new standards for graduation rates and student loan defaults.
Of the 170 for-profit schools that participate in the state financial aid program, 137 could not meet them. They include the University of Phoenix, ITT Technical Institute, Kaplan College, Heald College and others.
More than a dozen private colleges, including Christian colleges, also could not meet the higher standards.
Overall, about 4 percent of the 354,500 students eligible for Cal Grants will be affected. According to the commission, the change will eliminate aid to 7,800 new students and reduce 20 percent of the awards to 6,700 returning students this fall.
California is the first state to set such high benchmarks, which are tougher than federal requirements, said Diana Fuentes-Michel, executive director of the commission.
“In a tight budget situation, the Legislature was prudent in terms of looking at how we fund not only students but institutions,” she said.
The state now requires a graduation rate of at least 30 percent and a federal student loan default rate of less than 15.5 percent for one year. By comparison, Fuentes-Michel said the federal government requires a higher education institution to have a student default rate of less than 30 percent for three years.
University of Phoenix spokesman Ryan Rauzon said the change disproportionately hurts working adults, many of whom attend for-profit schools because they better accommodate their work schedules. He said between 2,000 and 3,000 of the university's students will see their Cal Grants eliminated or cut.
“It’s a really unfortunate policy choice,” Rauzon said.
California community colleges, California State University, the University of California and most nonprofit, private colleges such as Stanford and the University of Southern California met the tougher state requirements.
Nevertheless, all Cal Grant recipients will feel the pinch because of a 5 percent, across-the-board cut to financial aid this fall. The top Cal Grant award will be reduced from $9,708 to $9,223.
The commission's announcement of ineligible schools comes on the heels of a report requested by Democrats in the U.S. Senate that criticizes for-profit colleges for putting revenue above education.
A full list of ineligible schools is posted on the commission’s website, www.csac.ca.gov.
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Bitter Sweet / Kennedy
Angus Kennedy
Apollo Publishers
Rights Sold
The Life and Times of the World’s Leading Chocolate Taster
Rights Holder: Apollo Publishers
The world’s leading chocolate taster shares his wild ride to attain the most envied job, and explains his warning heard around the world: that we might soon run out of chocolate.
Angus Kennedy has the best job of all time. But his journey to becoming the world’s leading chocolate taster has followed a rocky road. Kennedy spent his childhood in Britain learning his way around the chocolate industry despite an alcoholic mother, a father dying of cancer, and multiple brushes with death. Now in Bittersweet, he reveals how he became the king of cocoa and also gives a fascinating tour of the industry, answering questions such as: are we really going to run out of chocolate; is chocolate good for you; what are the most surprising kinds of chocolate; can chocolate be low calorie; and should we be eating organic or fair trade chocolate.
Doused in Kennedy’s signature British humor, sprinkled with tear-jerking moments, and baked to engaging, can’t-put-down perfection, this humorous and memorable memoir is a tale of dysfunction, but also redemption. The account begins during Kennedy’s childhood, when his mother managed the family magazine, a chocolate review, and candy samples were his meals, essential for his survival. Later, under his leadership, the family magazine became the world’s leading chocolate review publication. Kennedy also opened the industry’s main trade show: the World Chocolate Forum.
This book reveals the secrets of the chocolate world and its king, the bitter and the sweet.
Angus Kennedy is the world's leading expert on chocolate and has been dubbed by the media as the "real life Willy Wonka." Kennedy is the owner of Kennedy's Confection, a chocolate review magazine his family has owned for forty years, and the founder of the World Chocolate Forum, the world's largest chocolate industry conference. He's been a guest on a variety of TV and radio programs, including Fox, NBC, BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Hallmark, and Bloomberg TV, and featured in a wealth of print and digital media. Kennedy's provocative assertion in 2011 that the world might be running out of chocolate received international media coverage and was a source of much concern by chocolate lovers around the world. He is a father of five and lives with his family in Kent, England.
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Translation of Sahih Muslim, Book 7:
The Book of Pilgrimage (Kitab Al-Hajj)
The word Hajj means, literally, repairing to a place for the sake of visit (al-qasd li-ziyarah), and in the terminology of the Islamic Shari'ah, it implies the repairing to Bait-Allah (the house of Allah) to observe the necessary devotion (iqamat-an-li-nusuk) Bait-Allah is one of the names by which the Ka'ba is called.
Hajj is not a new institution which Islam has introduced in its Shari'ah. This institution is as old as the Ka'ba itself which is called in the Holy Qur'an to be" the first House of Divine Worship appointed for men" (iii. 95). This verse of the Holy Qur'an corroborates the hadith which tells us that the Ka'ba was first built by Adam, the first man upon the earth. It was later on rebuilt by Hadrat Ibrahim and his illustrious son Hadrat Isma'il (peace be upon both of them). And when Ibrahim and Isma'al raised the foundations of the house, they said:" Our Lord! accept from us" (ii. 127). An earlier revelation makes it clear that the Ka'ba was already there when Hadrat Ibrahim left Hadrat Isma'il in the wilderness of Arabia:" Our Lord! I have settled a part of my offspring in a valley unproductive of fruit near Thy sacred House" (xiv. 37).
The whole ceremony of Hajj is commemorative of Hadrat Ibrahim and his family's acts of devotion to God Almighty. This shows that the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) did not innovate this institution but purged it of all evil practices and made it an obligatory act of piety by which one can develop God-consciousness.
It is rightly said that it is the perfection of faith since it combines in itself all the distinctive qualities of other obligatory acts. It represents the quality of salat since a pilgrim offers prayers in the Ka'ba, the House of the Lord. It encourages the spending of material wealth for the sake of the Lord, the chief characteristic of Zakat. When a pilgrim sets out for Hajj, he dissociates himself from his hearth and home, from his dear and near ones to please the Lord. He suffers privation and undertakes the hardship of journey-the lessons we learn from fasting and i'tikaf. In Hajj one is trained to be completely forgetful of the material comforts and show of worldly thing. One has to sleep on stony ground, circumambulate the Ka'ba, run between Safa and Marwa and spend his night and day wearing, only two pieces of unsewn cloth. He is required to avoid the use of oil or scent or any other perfume. He is not even allowed to get his hair cut or trim his beard. In short, he is commanded to abandon everything for the sake of Allah and submit himself before his Lord, the ultimate aim of the life of a Muslim. In fact, physical pilgrimage is a prelude to spiritual pilgrimage to God, when man would bid goodbye to everything of the world and present himself before Him as His humble servant saying:" Here I am before Thee, my Lord, as a slave of Thine."
"Down through the ages." says Professor Hitti, "this institution has continued to serve as the major unifying influence in Islam and the most effective common bond among the diverse believers. It rendered almost every capable Moslem perforce a traveller for once in his lifetime. The socializing influence of such a gathering of the brotherhood of believers from the far quarters of the earth is hard to overestimate. It afforded opportunity for negroes, Berbers, Chinese, Persians, Syrians, Turks-rich and poor, high and low-to fraternize and meet together on the common ground of faith" (History of the Arabs, p. 136).
Chapter 1: WHAT IS PERMITTED FOR THE MUHRIM (WEARER OF IHRAM) IN HAJJ AND UMRA, WHAT IS NOT PERMISSIBLE AND FORBIDDANCE OF THE USE OF PERFUME
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that a person asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) what a Muhrim should put on as dress. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Do not put on a shirt or a turban, or trousers or a cap, or leather stockings except one who does not find shoes; he may put on stockings but he should trim them below the ankles. And do not wear clothes to which saffron or wars is applied.
Salim reported on the authority of his father ('Abdullah b. 'Umar) that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) was asked what a Muhrim should wear, whereupon he said: A Muhrim should not wear a shirt, or a turban, or a cap, or trousers, or a cloth touched with wars or with saffron, nor (should he wear) stock- ings, but in case he does not find shoes, but (before wearing stockings) be should trim them (in such a way) that these should become lower than the ankles.
Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) forbade the Muhrim to put on a cloth dyed in saffron or wars and he further said: One who does not find shoes (to wear) he way wear stockings, but (only) after trimming them below the ankles.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with both of them) reported: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) say as he was delivering an address: So far as the trousers are concerned, one who does not find lower garment, he may wear them; as also socks, he may wear them who does not find shoes. It concerns the Muhrim.
'Amr b. Dinar narrated with the same chain of transmitters that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) delivering sermon at 'Arafat, and he made a mention of this hadith (as quoted above).
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Amr b. Dinar with the same chain of transmitters, but none of them (the narrators) made a mention that he (the Holy Prophet) was delivering address at 'Arafia except Sbu'ba.
Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: He who does not find shoes to wear may wear socks, and he who does not find lower garment to wear may put on trousers.
Ya'la b. Umayya reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with them) that a person came to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) as he was at Ji'rana and he (the person) had been putting on a cloak which was perfumed, or he (the narrator) said: There was a trace of yellowness on it. He said (to the Holy Prophet): What do you command me to do during my Umra? (It was at this juncture) that the revelation came to the Apostle of Allah (way peace be upon him) and he was covered with a cloth, and Ya'la said: Would that I see revelation coming to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him). He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: Would it please you to see the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) receiving the revelations 'Umar lifted a corner of the cloth and I looked at him and he was emitting a sound of snorting. He (the narrator) said: I thought it was the sound of a camel. When he was relieved of this he said: Where is he who asked about Umra? When the person came, the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: Wash out the trace of yellowness, or he said: the trace of perfume and put off the cloak and do in your 'Umra what you do in your Hajj.
Safwan b. Ya'la reported on the authority of his father (who said): A person came to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) as he was staying at Ji'rana and I (the narrator's father) was at that time in the apostle's (may peace be upon him) company and (the person) was donning a cloak having the marks of perfume on it, and he said: I am in a state of Ihram for the sake of Umra, and it (this cloak) is upon me and I am perfumed. The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) said to him: What would you do in your Hajj? He said: I would take off the clothes and would wash from me this perfume. Thereupon the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: What you do in your Hajj do it in your Umra.
Safwan b. Ya'la b. Umayya reported that Ya'la used to say to 'Umar b. Khattab (Allah be pleased with him): Would that I see revelation descending upon the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him). (Once) when the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) was in Ji'rana and there was a cloth which provided shade over him, and there were his Companions with him. 'Umar being one of them, there came a person with a cloak of wool on him daubed with perfume and he said: Messenger of Allah, what about the person who, entered upon the state of Ihram with a cloak after daub- ing it with perfume? The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) looked at him for a short while, and then became quiet, and revelation began descending upon him, and 'Umar gestured (with his hand) to Ya'la b Umayya to come. Ya'la came and he enter- ed his head (beneath the cloth and saw) the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) with his face red, and breathing with a snore. Then he felt relieved (of that burden) and he said: Where is the man who was just asking me about Umra? The man was searched for and he was brought, and the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: So far as the perfume is concerned, wash it three times, and remove the cloak too (as it was sewn) and do in 'Umra as you do in Hajj.
Ya'la b. Umayya (Allah be pleased with him) reported that a person came to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) as he was staying at Ji'rana and he had put on Ihram for 'Umra and he had dyed his beard and his head with yellow colour and there was a cloak on him. He said: I put on Ihram for 'Umra and I am in this state as you see (with dyed beard and head and a cloak over me). He (the Holy Prophet) said: Take off the cloak and wash the yellowness and do in your 'Umra what you do in Hajj.
Ya'la reported: We were with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) that a person came to him with a cloak on him having the traces of scent. He said, Messenger of Allah, I put on Ihram for 'Umra: what should I do? He (the Holy Prophet) kept quiet and did not make him any reply. And 'Umar screened him and it was (usual) with 'Umar that when the revelation descended upon him, he provided him shade (with the help of a piece of cloth). I (the person who came to the Holy Prophet) said: I said to 'Umar I wish to project my head into the cloth (to see how the Holy Prophet receives revelation). So when the revelation began to descend upon him 'Umar wrapped him (the Holy Prophet) with cloth I came to him and projected my head with him into the cloth, and saw him (the Holy Prophet) (receiving the revelation). When he (the Holy Prophet) was relieved (of its burden), he said: Where is the inquirer who was just inquiring about 'Umra? That man came to him. Thereupon he (the Apostle of Allah) said: Take off the cloak from (your body) and wash the traces of perfume which were upon you, and do in 'Umra what you did in Hajj.
Chapter 2: THE PLACE WHERE THE PILGRIMS ENTER UPON THE STATE OF IHRAM
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) specified Dhu'l-Hulaifa, for the people of Medina; Juhfa for the people of Syria; Qarn al-Manazil, for the people of Najd; Yalamlam for the people of Yemen (the Mawaqit) and those (Mawaqit) are also meant for those who live at these (places) and for those too who come from without towards them for the sake of Hajj or 'Umra. And those who live within them (within the bounds of these places) or in the suburbs of Mecca or within Mecca, they should enter upon the state of Ihram at these very places.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) specified Dhu'l-Hulaifa for the people of Medina; Juhfa for the people of Syria, Qarn al-Manazil for the people of Najd, Yalamlam for the people of Yemen (as their respective Mawaqit), and he also said: These are (Mawaqit) of them too (who live there) and everyone who comes from outside (through) their (directions) for the sake of Hajj and 'Umra and for those who live within (those bounds their Miqat is that) from which they commenced (their journey), and for the people of Mecca, Mecca itself is (the Miqat).
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: The people of Medina should enter upon the state of Ihram at Dhu'l-Hulaifa, and people of Syria at Juhfa, and people of Najd at Qarn (al-Manazil), and 'Abdullah (further) said: It has reached me that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) also caid: The people of Yemen should enter upon the state of Ihram at Yalamlam.
Salim reported on the authority of his father ('Abdullah b. 'Umar) that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: The people of Medina should enter upon the state of Ihram at Dhu'l-Hulaifa; the people of Syria at Juhfa, the people of Najd at Qarn (al-Manazil). Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said: It was mentioned to me but I did not myself bear it (directly) from the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) having said this: The people of Yemen should enter upon the state of Ihram at Yalamlam.
Salim b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar b. al-Khattab (Allah be pleased with them) reported his father as saying: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) as saying that the people of Medina should enter upon the state of Ihram at Dhu'l- Hulaifa, the people of Syria at Mahya'a and that is Juhfa, and the people of Najd at Qarn (al-Manazil). 'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said: (I did not hear it myself from him) but heard from them saying that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) had (also) said: The people of Yemen should enter upon the state of Ihram at Yalamlam.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) had commanded the people of Medina to enter upon the state of Ihram at Dhu'l-Hulaifa; the people of Syria at Juhfa; the people of Najd at Qarn (al-Manazil). 'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said: I was informed that he said that the people of Yemen should enter upon the state of Ihram at Yalamlam.
Abu Zubair reported that he heard Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) saying that as he was asked about (the places for entering upon the) state of ihram, he said: I heard (and he then carried the narration directly, I think to) the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him).
Abu Zubair heard Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) as saying as he was asked about (the place for entering upon the) state of Ihram: I heard (and I think he carried it directly to the Apostle of Allah) him saying: For the people of Medina Dhu'l-Hulaifa is the place for entering upon the state of Ihram, and for (the people coming through the other way, i. e. Syria) it is Juhfa; for the people of Iraq it is Dbat al-'Irq; for the people uf Najd it is Qarn (al-Manazil) and for the people of Yemen it is Yalamlam.
Chapter 3: TALBIYA, ITS CHARATERISTICS AND ITS TIME
'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Talbiya of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was this: Here I am at Thy service. O Allah, here I am at Thy service, here I am at Thy service. There is no associate with Thee; here I am at Thy service. Verily all praise and grace is due to Thee, and the sovereignty (too). There is no associate with Thee. He (the narrator) further said that 'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) made this addition to it: Here I am at Thy service; here I am at Thy service; ready to obey Thee, and good is in Thy Hand; here 1 am at Thy service; unto Thee is the petition, and deed (is also for Thee).
'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Mes- senger of Allah (may peace be upon him) entered upon the state of Ihram near the mosque at Dhu'l-Hulaifa as his camel stood by it and he said: Here I am at Thy service, O Lord; here I am at Thy service: here I am at Thy service. There is no associate with Thee. Here I am at Thy service. All praise and grace is due to Thee and the sovereignty (too). There is no associate with Thee. They (the people) said that 'Abdullah b. 'Umar said that that was the Talbiya of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). Nafi' said: 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with him) made this addition to it: Here I am at Thy service; here I am at Thy service; ready to obey Thee. The Good is in Thy Hand. Here I am at Thy service. Unto Thee is the petition and deed (is also for Thee).
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I immediately learnt Talbiya from the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), and he then narrated the hadith.
'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) pronouncing Talbiya with compacted hair: Here I am at Thy service. O Allah: here I am at Thy service; here I am at Thy service. There is no associate with Thee; here I am at Thy service. Verily all praise and grace is due to Thee and the Sovereignty (too). There is no associate with Thee; and he did not make any addition to these words. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) (further) said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) used to offer two rak'ahs of prayer at Dhu'l-Hulaifa and then when his camel stood up with him on its back near the mosque at Dhu'l-Hulaifa, he pronounced these words (of Talbiya). And 'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased'with them) said that 'Umar b. Khattab (Allah be pleased with him) pronounced, the Talbiya of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) in these words of his (Prophet's words) and said: Here I am at Thy service, O Lord; here I am at Thy service, ready to obey Thee, and good is in Thy Hand, Here I am at Thy service. Unto Thee is the petition and deed (is also for Thee).
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the polytheists also pronounced (Talbiya) as: Here I am at Thy service, there is no associate with Thee. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Woe be upon them, as they also said: But one associate with Thee, you possess mastery over him, but he does not possess mastery (over you). They used to say this and circumambulate the Ka'ba.
Chapter 4: THF PEOPLE OF MEDINA ARE COMMANDED TO ENTER UPON THE STATE OF IHRAM AT A MOSQUE IN DHU'L-HULAIFA
Salim b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported that he heard his father saying: This place Baida' is for you that about which you attribute lie to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). And the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) did not enter upon the state of Ihram but near the mosque at Dhu'l- Hulaifa.
Salim reported that when it was said to Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) that the state of Ihram (commences from) al-Baida' he said: Al-Baida', you attribute lie about it to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). And the Messenger of Allah (mav peace be upon him) did not enter upon the state of Ihram but near the-tree when his camel stood up with him.
Chapter 5: ENTERING UPON THE STATE OF IHRAM AS THE RIDE PROCEEDS TOWARDS (MECCA)
'Ubaid b. Juraij said to 'Ahdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them): 'Abd al-Rahman, I find you doing four things which I do not see anyone among your companions doing. He said: Son of Juraij, what are these? Thereupon he said: You (while circumambulating the Ka'ba) do not touch but the two pillars situated on the side of yaman (south), and I find you wearing the sandals of tanned leather, and I find you with dyed beard and head, and I also found that, when you were at Mecca, the people pronounced Talbiya as they saw the new moon (Dhu'l-Hijja), but you did not do it till the 8th of Dhu'l-Hijja. Upon this 'Abdullab b. 'Umar said: (So far as the touching of) the pillars is concerned, I did not see the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) touching them but only those situated on the side of yaman. (So far asthe wearing of) the shoes of tanned leather is concerned, I saw the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) wearing shoes without hair on them, and he (wore them with wet feet) after performing ablution, and I like to wear them. So far as the yellowness is concerned, I saw the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) dyeing (head, beard and cloth) with this colour and I love to dye (my head, beard or cloth) with this colour. And so far as the pronouncing of Talbiya is concerned, I did not see the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) pronouncing it until his camel proceeded on (to Dhu'l-Hulaifa).
'Ubaid b. Juraij reported: I remained in the company of 'Abdullah b. 'Umar b. al-Khattab (Allah be pleased with them) its twelve Hajjs and 'Umras and I said to him: I saw four characteristics (peculiar in you), and the rest of the hadith is the same except the case of Talbiya. There he offered the narration given by al-Maqburi and he stated the facts excepting the one given above.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) pronounced Talbiya in Dhu'l-Hulaifa as he put his feet in the stirrup and his camel stood up and proceeded.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) pronounced Talbiya as his camel stood up.
'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported: I saw the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) riding on his camel at Dhu'l-Hulaifa and pronouncing Talbiya as it stood up with him.
'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Mes- senger of Allah (may peace be upon him) spent the night at Dhu'l-Hulaifa while com- mencing (the rites of) Pilgrimage and he observed prayer in the mosque.
Chapter 6: APPLYING OF PERFUME TO THE BODY BEFORE ENTERING UPON THE STATE OF IHRAM
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I applied perfume to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) before he entered upon the state of lhram and (concluding) before circumambulating the (sacred) House.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him), reported: I applied perfume to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) with my own hand before he entered upon the state of Ihram, and as he concluded it before-circumambulating the House (for Tawaf-i-lfada).
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I used to apply perfume to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) before his entering upon the state of Ihram and at the conclusion of it, before circumambulating the House (for Tawf-i- Ifada).
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: I applied perfume to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) as he became free from Ihram and as he entered upon it.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: I applied perfume of Dharira to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) with my hand (on the occasion of) the Farewell Pilgrimage on freeing from the state of Ihram and entering upon it.
'Uthman b. 'Urwa reported on the authority of his father that he said: I asked 'A'isha with what thing she perfumed the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) at the time of entering upon the state of Ihram. She said: With the best of perfume.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I applied the best perfume, which I could get, to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) before entering upon the state of Ihram (and after this) he put on the Ihram.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I applied the best available perfume I could find to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) before he entered upon the state of Ihram and after he was free from it.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I still seem to see the glisten- ing of the perfume where the hair parted on Allah's Messenger's (may peace be upon him) head as he was in the state of Ihram, and Khalaf (one of the narrators) did not say: As he was in the state of Ihram, but said: That was the perfume of Ihram.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I still seem to see the glisten- ing of the perfume where the hair parted on Allah's Messenger's (may peace be upon him) head and he was free from Ihram.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I still seem to see the glisten- ing of the perfume where the hair parted on Allah's Messenger's (may peace be upon him) head, while he was pronouncing Talbiya.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I still seem to see; the rest of the hadith is the same.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: I still seem to see the glistening of the perfume where the hair was parted on Allah's Messeinger's (may peace be upon him) head while he was in the state of Ihram.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I still seem to perceive the glistening of perfume where the hair was parted on Allah's Messenger's (may peace be upon him) head as he was in the state of Ihram.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that when the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) intended to enter upon the state of Ihram he perfumed himself with the best of perfumes which he could find and after that I saw the glisten- ing of oil on his head and beard.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I still seem to see the glisten- ing of musk (in the parting of the head) of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) while he was in the state of Ihram.
This hadith has been narrated by 'Ubaidullah with the same chain of trans- mitters.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I used to perfume the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) with a perfume containing musk before entering upon the state of Ihram and on the day of sacrifice (10th of Dhu'l-Hijja) and (at the conclusion of Ihram) before circumambulating the House (for Tawaf-i-Ifada).
Muhammad b. al-Muntashir reported on the authority of his father: I asked 'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) about a person who applied perfume and then (on the following) morning entered upon the state of lhram. There- upon he said: I do not like to enter upon the state of Ihram shaking off the perfume. Rubbing of tar (upon my body) is dearer to me than doing this (i. e. the applying of perfume), I went to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and told her that Ibn 'Umar stated:" I do not like to enter upon the state of Ihram shaking off the perfume. Rubbing of tar (upon my body) is dearer to me than doing it (the applying of perfume)." Thereupon 'A'isha said: I applied perfume to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) at the time of his entering upon the state of Ihram. He then went round his wives and then put on Ihram in the morning.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I used to apply perfume to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). He then went round his wives, and entered upon the state of Ihram in the morning and the perfume was shaken off.
Muhammad b. al-Muntashir reported on the authority of his father: I heard from Ibn 'mar having said this:" It is dearer to me to rub tar (on my body) than to enter upon the state of Ihram (in a state) of shaking off the perfume." He (the narrator) said: I went to 'A'isha and told her about this statement of his (of Ibn 'Umar). Thereupon she said: I applied perfume to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and he then went round his wives and then entered upon the state of Ihram in the morning.
Chapter 7: HUNTING IS FORBIDDEN FOR ONE WHO IS IN THE STATE OF IHRAM
Al-Sa'b b. Jaththama al-Laithi reported that he presented a wild ass to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) when he was at al-Abwa', or Waddan, and he refused to accept it. He (the narrator) said: When the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) looked into my face (which had the mark of dejection as my present had been rejected by him) he (in order to console me) said: We have refused it only because we are in a state of Ihram.
A hadith (pertaining to this topic), has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri (and the words are):" I presented to him (the Holy Prophet) a wild ass."
It is narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters (the narrator having) said this:" I presented to him the flesh of a wild ass."
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that al-Sa'b b. Jaththama presented to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) a wild ass as he was in a state of Ihram, and he returned it to him saying: If we were not in a state of Ihram, we would have accepted it from you.
The narration transmitted by Hakam (the words are): Al-Sa'b b. Jaththama presented to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) the leg of a wild ass. And in the narration transmitted by Shu'ba (the words are): (He presented to him) the rump of a wild ass as the blood was trickling from it. In the narration transmitted by Shu'ba on the authority of Habib (the words are): A part of a wild ass was presented to the Apostle (may peace he upon him) and he returned it to him (who presented it).
Tawus reported on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) that one Zaid b. Arqamwent to him (Ibn 'Abbas) and said: Narrate how you informed me about the meat of the game presented to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) as he was in the state of Ihram. Thereupon he said: He was pre- sented with a slice of the meat of game, but he returned it to him (who presented it) saying: We are not going to eat it, as we are in the state of Ihram.
Abu Qatada reported: We went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) till we reached al-Qaha (a place three stages away from Medina). Some of us were in the state of Ihram and some of us were not. I saw my companions looking towards something, and as I saw I found It to be a wild ass. I saddled my horse and took up my spear and then mounted upon (the horse) and my whip, fell down. I said to my companions as they were in the state of Ihram to pick up the whip for me but they said: By Allah, we cannot help you in any (such) thing (i. e. hunting). So i dis- mounted (the horse) and picked it (whip) up and mounted again and caught the wild ass after chasing it. It was behind a hillock and I attacked it with my spear and killed it. Then I brought it to my companions. Some of them said: Eat it, while others said: Do not eat it. The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) was in front of us. I moved my horse and came to him (and asked him), whereupon he said: It is permis- sible, so eat it.
Abu Qatada (Allah be pleased with him) reported that while he was with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) on one of the highways of Mecca, he lagged behind him (the Holy Prophet) along with companions who were in the state of Ihram, whereas he was himself not Muhrim. He saw a wild ass. As he was mounting his horse he asked his companions to pick up for him his whip (which had dropped) but they refused to do so. He asked them to hand him over the spear, but they refused. He then himself took hold of it and chased the wild ass and killed it. Some of the Companions of the Apostle of Allah (way peace be upon him) ate (its meat), but some of them refused to do so. They overtook the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and asked him about it, and he said: It is a food which Allah provided you (so eat it).
This hadith pertaining to the wild ass is reported on the authority of Abu Qatada. The rest of the hadith is the same but with this (variation of words) that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:" Is there with you some of its flesh?"
'Abdullah b. Abu Qatada reported: My father went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) in the year of Hudaibiya. His Companions entered upon the state of Ihram whereas he did not, for it was conveyed to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) that the enemy (was hiding at) Ghaiqa. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) went forward. He (Abu Qatada) said: Meanwhile I was along with his Companions, some of them smiled (to one another) As I cast a glance I saw a wild ass. I attacked It with a spear and held it, and begged for their (i. e. of his companions) assistance, but they refused to help me and we ate its meat. But we were afraid lest we should be separated (from the Messenger of Allah). So I proceeded on (with a view to) seeking the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). Some- times I'dashed my horse and sometimes I made it run at a leisurely pace (keeping pace with others). (In the meanwhile) I met a person from Banfu Ghifar in the middle of the night. I said to him: Where did you meet the messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)? He said: I left him at Ta'bin and he intended to halt at Suqya to spend the afternoon. I met him and said: Messenger of Allah. your Companions convey salutations and benedictions of Allah to you and they fear that they may not be separated from you (and the enemy may do harm to you), so wait for them, and he (the Holy Prophet) waited for them. I said: Messenger of Allah, I killed a game and there is left with me (some of the meat). The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) said to his people: Eat it. And they were in the state of Ihram.
'Abdullah b. Abo. Qatada reported on the ant 'hority of his father (Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) set out for Pil- grimage and we also set out along with him. He (Abu Qatada) said: There proceeded on some of his Companions and Abu Qatada was (one of them). He, (the Holy Prophet) said: You proceed along the coastline till you meet me. He (Abfl Qatida) said: So they proceeded ahead of the Prophet of God (may peace be upon him), all of them had entered upon the state of Ihram, except Abu Qatada; he had not put on ]hram. As they went on they saw a wild ass, and Abu Qatada attacked it and cut off its hind legs. They got down and ate its meat. They said: We ate meat In the state of Ihram. They carried the meat that was left of it. As they came to the Messenger of Allah (way peace be upon him) they said: Messenger of Allah, we were in the state of Ibrim where as Abu Qatada was not. We saw a wild ass and Abu Qatada attacked it and cut off its hind legs. We got down and ate its meat and we thus ate the meat of a game while we were In the state of Ihram. We have (carried to you) what was left out of its meat. There upon he (the holy Prophet) said: Did anyone among you command him (to hunt) or point to him with anythiny (to do so)? They said: No. There upon he said: Then eat what is left out of its meat.
This hadith is narrated'on the authority of 'Uthman b. 'Abdullah b. Mauhab with the same chain of transmitters. And in the narration transmitted on the authority of Shaiban (the words are):" The Messenoer of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Did any one of you command him to attack it or point towards it?" And in the narration transmitted by Shu'ba (the words are):" Did you point out or did you help or did you hunt?" Shu'ba said: I do not know whether he said:" Did you help or did you hunt?"
Abdullah b. Abu Qatada narrated on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with him) that they went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) on an expedition to Hudaibiya. He (further) said: They had entered upon the state of Ihram except I for 'Umra. He (again) said: I (Abu Qatada) hunted a wild ass and fed my companions In the state of their being Muhrim. 1 then came to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and informed him that we had with us the meat that was left out of it Thereupon he said: Eat It, while they were in the state of Ibrim.
'Abdullah b. Abu Qatada reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with him) that they went out with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and they were Muhrim except Abu Qatada. The rest of the hadith Is the same (but with the exception of these words):" He (the Holy Prophet) said: 15 there any- thing out of it? They said: We have its leg with us. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) took it and ate it."
Abdullah b. Abi Qatada reported that Abu Qatada was among the party of those who had entered upon the state of Ihram whereas he was not. The rest of the hadith is the same (and herein it is also narrated):" He (the Holy Prophet) said: Did any person among you point to him (to hunt) or command him (in any form)? They said: Messenger of Allah, not at all. Thereupon he said: Then eat it."
Abd al-Rahman b. 'Uthman Taimi reported on the authority of his father; While we were with Talha b. Ubaidullah and were in the state of Ihram we were pre- sented a (cooked) bird. Talha was sleeping. Some of us ate it and some of us refrained from (eating) it. When Talba awoke he agreed, with him who ate it, and said: We ate it along with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him).
Chapter 8: WHICH ANIMAL THE MUHRIM AND THE NON-MUHRIM ARE PERMITTED TO KILL IN THE STATE OF IRRAM AND AT THE CONCLUSION OF IT (WITHIN THE PRECINCTS OF THE KA'BA)
A'isha, the wife of the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him). said: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Four are the vicious (birds, beasts and reptiles) which should be killed in the state of Ihram or otherwise: kite (and vulture), crow, rat, and the voracious dog I (one of the narrators, 'Ubaid- ullah b. Miqsam) said to Qasim (the other narrator who beard it from 'A'isha): What about the snake? lie said: Let it be killed with disgrace.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah'* Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: Five are the harmful things which should be killed in the state of Ihram or otherwise: snake, speckled crow. rat. voracious dog, and kite.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Five are the vicious beasts which should be killed even in the state of Ihram: scorpion, rat, kite, crow and voracious dog.
A'isha reported Allah's Mdssenger (may peace be upon him) having said this: Five are the vicious and harmful things which should be killed even within the precincts of Haram: rat, scorpion, crow. kite and voracious dog.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters that she (A'isha) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) commanded to kill five harmful things in the state of lhram or other- wise. The rest of the badith is the same.
IA'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Five are the beasts 1618 harmful and vicious and these must be killed even within the precincts of the Ka'ba: crow, kite, voracio@s dog, kcorpion and rat.
Salim reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with them) that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Five are the (beasts) which if one kills them in the precincts of the Ka'ba or in the state of lhram entail no sin: rat, scorpion, crow, kite and voracious dog. In another version the words are:" as a Muhrim and in the state of lhram".
Hafsa, the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) having said this: There are five beasts, all of them are vicious and harmful and there is no sin for one who kills them (and these are): scorpion, crow, kite, rat and voracious dog.
Zaid b. Jubair reported: A person asked Ibn Umar which beast a Muhrim could kill. Thereupon he said: One of the wives of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) told me: He (the Holy Prophet) commanded to kill rat, scorpion, kite, voracious dog and crow.
Zaid b. Jubair reported: A person asked Ibn 'Umar which beast a Mubrim could kill, whereupon he said: One of the wives of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) told me: He (the Holy Prophet) commanded to kill voracious dcg, rat, scorpion, kite, crow, and snake (and this is allowed) likewise in prayer.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Five are the beasts for killing which there is no sin for the Muhrim: crow, kite, scorpiou, rat and voracious dog.
Ibn Juraij reported: I said to Nafi: What is that which you heard Ibn, Umar declaring permissible for a Mubrim to kill some of the beasts? Nafi, said to me that 'Abdullah had reported: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Five are the beasts in killing which or their being killed, there is no sin: crow, kite, scorpion, rat and voracious dog.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar through be upon him) as saying: Five (are the beasts) in killing which or their being killed in the precinct of the Ka'ba there is no sin." The rest of the hadith is the same.
'Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messen- ger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Five (are the animals) which, it one kills them In the state of Ihram, entail no sin for one (who does it): scorpion, rat, voracious dog, crow and kite.
Chapter 9: IT IS PERMISSIBLE TO SHAVE THE HEAD IN THE STATE OF IHRAM IF THERE IS A TROUBLE, AND EXPIATION BECOMES OBLIGATORY FOR SHAVING
Ka'b b. 'Ujra (Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) came to me on the occasion of Hudaibiya and I was kindling fire under my cooking pot and lice were creeping on my face. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Do the vermins harm your head? I said: Yes. He said: Get your head shaved and (in lieu of it) observe fasts for three days or feed six needy persons, or offer sacrifice (of an animal). Ayyub said: I do not know with what (type of expiation) did he commence (the statement).
This hadith is narrated on the authority of Ayyub.
Kalb b. Ujra (Allah be pleased with him) reported: It was I for whom this verse was revealed (to the Holy Prophet):" Whoever among you is sick or has an ail- ment of the head, he (may effect) a compensation by lasting or alms or a sacrifice" He said: I came to him (the Holy Prophet) and he said: Come Dear. So Iwent near. He (again) said: Come near. So I went near. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Do the vermins trouble you? Ibn Aun (one of the narrators) said: I think he (Ka'b b. Ujra) replied in the affirmative. He (the Holy Prophet) then commanded to do compensation by fasting or by giving @adaqa (feed- ing six needy persons) or by sacrifice (of a animal) that is available.
Ka'b b. 'Ujra (Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be, upon him) stood near him and lice were falling from his head. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Do these vermins trouble you? I said: Yes. Thereupon he said: Then shave your head; and it was in connection with me that this verse was revealed:" Whoever among you is sick or has an ailment of the head, he (may effect) a compensation by fasting or alms or a sacrifice". He (the Holy Prophet, therefore) said to me: Observe fast for three days or give a quantity of alms enough to feed six needy persons or offer sacrifice (of an animal) that is available.
Ka'b b. 'Ujra (Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) happened to pass by him at Hudaibiya before entering Mecca in a state of Ibrim and he (Ka'b) was kindling fire under the cooking pot and virmins were creeping on his (Kalb's) face. Thereupon (the Holy Prophet) said: Dothese vermins trouble you? He (Ka'b) said: Yes. The Messenger of Allah (way peace be upon him) said: Shave your head and give some quantity of food enough to feed six needy persons (faraq is equal to three sa's), or observe fast for three days or offer sacri- fice of a sacrificial animal. Ibn Najih (one of the narrators) said:" Or sacrifice a goat."
Ka'b b. Ujra (Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) happened to pass by him during the period of Hudaibiya. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said to him (Ka'b b. Ujra): Do these vermins trouble your head? He said: Yes. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Shave your head. Then sacrifice a goat or observe fasts for three days or give three sits of dates to feed six needy persons.
Abdullah b. Ma'qil said: I sat with Ka'b (Allah be pleased with him) and he was in the mosque. I asked him about this verse:" Compensation in (the form of) fasting, or Sadaqa or sacrifice." Ka'b (Allah be pleased with him) said: It was reveal- ed In my case. There was some trouble in my head. I was taken to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and lice were creeping upon my face. Thereupon he said: I did not think that your trouble had become so unbearable as I see. Would you be able to afford (the sacrificing) of a goat? I (Ka'b) said: Then this verse was revealed:" Com- pensation (in the form of) fasting or alms or a sacrifice." He (the Holy Prophet) said: (It Implies) fasting for three days, or feeding six needy perscins, half sa' of food for every needy person. This verse was revealed particularly for me and (now) Its applica- tion is general for all of you.
Ka'b b. Ujra (Allah be pleased with him) reported that he went out with the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) in the state of Ihram, and his (Ka'b's) head and beard were infested with lice. This was conveyed to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him). He sent for him (Ka'b) and called a barber (who) shaved his head. He (the Holy Prophet) said. Is there any sacrificial animal with you? He (Kalb) said: I cannot afford it. He then commanded him to observe fasts for three days or feed six needy persons, one sa' for every two needy persons. And Allah the Exalted and Majestic revealed this (verse) particular with regard to him:" So whosoever among you is sick and has an ailment of the head.." ; then (its application) became general for the Muslims.
Chapter 10: PERMISSIBILITY OF CUPPING FOR A MUHRIM
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) got himself cupped in the state of lhrim.
Ibn Buhaina reported that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) got himself cupped in the middle of his head on his way to Mecca.
Chapter 11: THE MUHRIM IS PERMITTED TO GET THE TRREATMENT FOR HIS EYES
Nubaih b. Wabb reported: We went with Aban b. Uthman (in a state of lhram). When we were at Malal the eyes of Umar b. Ubaidullah became sore and, when we reached Rauba' the pain grew intense. He (Nubaib b. Wahb) sent (one) to Aban b. Uthman to ask him (what to do). He sent him (the message) to apply aloes to them, for 'Uthman (Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) applied aloes to the person whose eyes were sore and he was in the state of Ihram.
Nubaih b Wahb reported that the eyes of Umar b. Ubaidnllah b. Ma'mar were swollen, and he decided to use antimony. Aban b. 'Uthman forbade him to do so and commanded him to apply aloes on them, and reported on the authority of 'Uthman b. Affan that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) had done that.
Chapter 12: PERMISSIBILITY OF WASHING THE BODY AND HEAD OF A MUHRIM
Ibrahim b. 'Abdullah narrated on the authorrity of his father that there cropped up a difference of opinion between Abdullah b. 'Abbas and al-Miswar b. Makhrama at a place (called) Abwa'. Abdullah b. 'Abbas contended that a Muhrim (is permitted) to wash his head, whereas Miswar contended that a Muhrim is not (permit- fed) to wash his head. So Ibn Abbas sent me (the father of Ibrabim) to Abu Ayyub al- Ansirl to ask him about it. (So I went to him) and found him taking bath behind two poles covered by a cloth. I gave him salutation, whereupon be asked: Who is this? I said: I am 'Abdullah b. Hunain. 'Abdullah b. 'Abbas has sent me to you to find out how the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) washed his head in the state of Ihram. Abu Ayyub (Allah be pleased with him) placed his hand on the cloth and lowered it (a little) till his head became visible to me; and he said to the man who was pouring water upon him to pour water. He poured water on his head. He then moved his head with the help of his hands and moved them (the hands) forward and backward and then said: This is how I saw him (the Messenger of Allah) doing.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zaid b. Aslam with the same chain of transmitters that Abu Ayyub rubbed his whole head with his hands and then moved them forward and backward. Miswar said to Ibn 'Abbas: I would never dispute with you (in future).
Chapter 13: WHAT MUST BE DONE TO A MUHRIM IN CASE OF HIS DEATH
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that a person fell down from his camel (in a state of Ihram) and his neck was broken and he died. Thereupon Allah's Apostle. (may peace be upon him) said: Bathe him with water mixed with the leaves of the lote tree and shroud him in his two (pieces of) cloth (Ihbram), and do not cover his head for Allah will raise him on the Day of Resurrection Pronouncing Talbiya.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported: While a person was standing in 'Arafat with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) he fell down from his camel and broke his neck. This was mentioned to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him), whereupon he said: Bathe him with water mixed with the leaves of the lote tree and shroud him in two (pieces of) cloth and neither perfume him nor cover his head; (Ayyub said) for Allah would raise him on the Day of Resurrection in the state of pronouncing Talbiya. ('Amr. however, said): Verily Allah would raise him on the Day of Resurrection pronouncing Talbiya. Sa'id b. Jubair narrated this hadith on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) that a person was standing with the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) as he was in the state of Ihram. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that a person proceeded along with the Apostle of Allah (may peace he upon him) in the state of Ihram and fell down from his camel and his neck was broken, and he died. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Bathe him with water mixed with lote (leaves) and shroud him in two (pieces of) cloth and do'not cover his head for he would come on the Day of Resurrection pronouncing Talbiya.
Sa'id b. Jubair reported on the authority of Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) that a person proceeded with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) in the state of Ihram. The rest of the hadith th is the same except that he (the Holy Prophet) (is reported to have) said: He would be raised on the Day of Resurrection pronouncing Talbiya. Sa'id b. Jubair did not name the place where he fell down.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that there was a person in the state of Ihram whose camel broke his neck and he died. Thereupon the Mes- senger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Bathe him with water mixed (with the leaves of) lote tree and shroud him In his two (pieces of) cloth and cover neither his head nor his face, for he would be raised on the Day of Resurrection pronouncing Talbiya.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that when a person who was in the state of Ihram was in the company of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), his camel broke his neckand he died. Upon this the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Bathe him with water (mixed with the leaves) of the lute tree and shroud him in his two (pieces of) cloth and, neither perfume him nor cover his head, for he would be raised on the Day of Resurrection pronouncing Talbiya.
Sa'id b. Jubair reported on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) that a camel broke the neck of its owner while he was in the state of lhram and he was at that time in the company of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded that he should be bathed with water mixed with (leaves of the) lote (tree) and no perfume should be applied to him and his head should not be covered, for he would be raised on the Day of Resurrection pronouncing Talblya.
Sa'id b. Jubair heard Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) as saying: A person came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) while he was in the state of lhram. He fell down from his camel and broke his neck. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) commanded to bathe him with water (mixed with the leaves of) the lote (tree), and shroud him in two (pieces of) cloth and not to apply perfume (to him), keeping his head out (of the shroud). Shu'ba said: He then narrated to me after this (the words)" keeping his head out," his face out, for he would be raised on the Day of Resurrection pronouncing Talbiya.
Sa'id b. Jubair reported on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) that the camel of a person broke his neck as he was in the company of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). The Messenger of Allah, (way peace be upon him) commanded them (Companions) to wash him with water mixed (with the leaves of) the lote (tree) and to keep his face exposed; (he, the narrator) said: And his head (too), for he would be raised on the Day of Resurrection pronouncing Talbiya.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that there was a person in the company of Allah's Messenger (may peace' be upon him) whose camel broke his neck and he died. thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: Wash him, but do not apply perfume and do not cover his face, for he would be raised (on the Day of Resurrection) pronouncing Talbiya.
Chapter 14: PERMISSIBILITY OF ENTERING INTO THE STATE OF IHRAM PROVISIONALLY BECAUSE OF ILLNESS
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) went (into the house of) Duba'a bint Zubair and said to her: Did you intend to perform Hajj? She said: By Allah, (I intend to do so) but I often remain ill, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said to her: Perform Hajj but with con- dition, and say: O Allah, I shall be free from Ihram where you detain me. And she (Duba'a) was the wife of Miqdad.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) went (to the house of) Duba'a bint al-Zubair b. Abd al-Muttalib. She said: Messenger of Allah, I intend to perform Hajj, but I am ill. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: Enter Into the state of Ihram on condition that you would abandon it when Allah would detain you.
This hadith has been reported on the authority of A'isha through another chain of transmitters.
Ibn Abbas reported that Duba'a bint al-Zubair b. 'Abd al-Muttalib (Allah be pleased with her) came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: I am an ailing woman but I intend to perform Hajj; what you command me (to do)? He (the Holy Prophet) said: Enter into the state of Ihram (uttering these words) of condition: I would be free from it when Thou wouldst detain me. 'He (the narrator) said: But she was able to complete (the Hajj without breaking down).
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Duba'a intended to perform Hajj. and the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) commanded her (to enter into the state of Ihram) with condition. She did it in compliance with the com- mand of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him).
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas with a slight variation of words.
Chapter 15: DONNING OF IHRAM FOR WOMEN WHO ARE IN THE STATE OF MENSES AND PARTURITION AND EXCELLENCE OF BATH WHILE ENTERING INTO THE STATE OF IHRAM
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Asma' hint 'Umais gave birth to Muhammad b Abu Bakr near Dhu'I-Hulaifa. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) commanded Abu Bakr to convey to her that she should take a bath and then enter into the state of Ihram.
Jabir b. Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported that when Asma' hint Umais gave birth (to a child) in Dhu'I-Hulaifa. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded Abyl Bakr (to convey to her) that she should take a bath and enter Into the state of Ihram.
Chapter 16: TYPES OF IHRAM-IT IS PERMISSIBLE TO ENTER INTO THE STATE'OF IHRAM SINGULARLY FOR THE SAKE OF HAJJ, OR FOR TAMATTU'BI'L-UMRA ILA'L-HAJJ OR FOR BOTH HAJJ AND'UMRA TOGETHER
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: We went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) during the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage. We entered into the state of Ibrim for Umra. Then the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Who has the sacrificial animal with him, he should put on Ihram for Hajj along with Umra. and should not put it off till he has completed them (both Hajj and Umra). She said: When I came to Mecca. I was having menses, I neither circumambulated the House, nor ran between as-safa' and al-Marwa. I complained about it to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and he said: Undo your hair, comb it, and pronounce Talbiya for Hajj, and give up Umra (for the time being), which I did. When we had performed the Hajj, the Messenger of Allah (way peace he upon him) sent me with Abd al-Rabman b. Abu Bakr to Tan'im saying: This is the place for your Umra. Those who had put on Ibrim for Umra circumambulated the House, and ran between al-safa' and al-Marwa. They then put off Ihram and then made the last circuit after they had returned from Mina after performing their Hajj, but those who had combined the Hajj and the Umra made only one circuit (as they had combined Hajj and 'Umra).
'A'isha, the wife of the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him), said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) during the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage. There were some amongst us who had put on IHram for Umra and there were some who had put on Ihram for Hajj. (We proceeded on till) we came to Mecca. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: He who put on Ihram for 'Umra but did not bring the sacrificial animal with him should put it off. and he who put on Ihram for Umra and he who had brought the sacrificial animal with him should not put it off until he had slaughtered the animal; and he who put on lhram for Hajj should complete it. A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: I was in the monthlyperiod, and I remained In this state till the day of 'Arafa, and I had entered into the state of Ihram for 'Umra. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) thus commanded me to undo my hair and comb them (again) and enter into the state of Ihram for Hajj, and abandon (the rites of 'Umra). She ('A'isha) said: I did so, and when I had completed my Pilgrimage, the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) sent with me 'Abd al-Rabman b. Abu Bakr and commanded me to (resume the rites of) 'Umra at Tan'im. the place where (I abandoned) 'Umra and put on Ihram for Hajj (before completing Umra).
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: We went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) during the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage. I put on Ihram for Umra and did not bring the sacrificial animal. The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: He who has the sacrihcial animal with him should enter into the state of Ibrim for Hajj along with 'Umra, and. he should not put the Ibrim off till he has completed both of them. She (Hadrat A'isha) said: The monthly period began. When it was the nigt of Arafa, I said to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him): I entered into the state of Ihram for 'Umra. but now how should I perform the Hajj? Thereupon he said: Undo your hair and comb them, and desist from performing Umra, and put on Ihram for Hajj She (A'isha, said: When I had completed my Hajj he commanded 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abu Bakr to carry me behind him (on boneback) in order to enable me to resume the rituals of Umra from Tan'im, the place where I abandoned its rituals.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: 'We went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) (to Mecca). He said: He who intended among you to put on Ihram for Hajj and Umra should do so. And he who intended to put on Ihram for Hajj may do so. and he who intended to put on Ihram for 'Umra only may do so. A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: The Messenger of Allah (way peace be upon him) put on Ihram for Hajj and some people did that along with him. And some people put on Ihram for Umra and Hajj (both). and some persons put on Ihram for Umra only, and I was among those who put on Ihram for Umra (only).
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: We went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him? (in his) Farewell Pilgrimage near the time of the appearance of the new moon of Dhu'I-Hijja. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: He who amongst you intends to put on Ihram for Umra may do so; bad I not brought sacrificial animal along with me, I would have put on Ihram for Umra. She (further said). There were some persons who put on Ihram for Umrs, and some persons who put on Ibrim for gajj, and 1 was one of those who put on Ihram for Umra. We went on till we reached Mecca, and on the day of 'Arafa I found myself In a state of menses, but I did not put off the Ihram for Umra. I told about (this state of mine) to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him). whereupon he said: Abandon your 'Umra, and undo the hair of your head and comb (them), and put on Ihram for Hajj 'she ('A'isha) said: I did accordingly. When it was the night at Hasba and Allah enabled us to complete our Hajj, he (the Holy Prophet) sent with me Abd al-Rahman b. Abu Bakr, and he mounted me behind him on his camel and took me to Tan'im and I put on Ihram for 'Umra, and thus Allah enabled us to complete our Hajj and Umra and (we wore required to observe) neither sacrifice nor alms nor fasting.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: We set out with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) just at the appearance of the new moon of Dhu'l- Hijja. We had no other intention but that of performing the Hajj, whereupon the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: He who among you intends to put on Ihram for 'Umra should do so for 'Umra. The rest of the badith is the same.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: We went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) at the appearance of the new moon of Dhu'I-Hijja. There were amongst us those who had put on Ihram for Umra, and those also who had put on Ihram both for Hajj and Umra, and still those who had put on Ihram for Hajj (alone). I was one of those who had put on Ihram for. Umra (only). 'Urwa (one of the narrators) said: Allah enabled her (Hdrat A'isha) to complete both Hajj and Umra (according to the way as mentioned above). Hisham (one of the narrators) said: She had neither the sacrificial animal nor (was she required to) fast, nor (was she obliged to give) alms.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: We proceeded with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) during the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage. There were those amongst us who had put on Ihram for Umra, and those who had put on Ibrim both for Hajj and" Umra, and those amongst us who had put on Ihram for Hajj (only), while the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) had put on Ihram for Hajj (only). He who put on Ihrim for Umra put it off (after performing Umra), and he who had put on Ihram for Hajj or for both Hajj and 'Umra did not put it off before the day of sacrifice (10th of Dhu'I-Hijja).
A'isba (Allah be pleased with her) said: We proceeded with the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) with no other Intention but that of performing the Hajj. As I was at Sarif or near it, 1 entered in the state of menses. The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) came to me and I was weeping, whereupon he said: Are you in a state of menses? I said. Yes. whereupon he said: This is what Allah has ordained for all the daughters, of Adam. Do whatever the pilgrim does. except that you should not circumambulate the House till you have washed yourself (at the end of the menses period). And the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) offered sacrifice of a cow on behalf of his wives.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: We went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) with no other aim but that of Hajj till we came (to the place known as) Sarif; and there I entered in the state of menses. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) came to me while I was weeping. He said: What makes you weep? I said: Would that I had not come (for Pilgrimage) this year. He (the Holy Prophet) said: What has happened to you? You have perhaps entered the period of menses. I said: Yes. He said: This is what has been ordained for the daughters of Adam. Do what a pilgrim does except that you should not circumambu- late the House, till you are purified (of the menses). She ('A'isha) said: When I came to Mecca, the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said to his companions: Make this (Ihram) the Ihram for 'Umra. So the people put off Ihbaim except those who had sacrificial animals with them. She ('A'isha) said: The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) had the sacrificial animal with him, and so had Abd Bakr, 'Umar and other persons of means. They (those who had put off lhram again) put on Ihram (for Hajj) when they marched (towards Mina), and it was the 8th of Dhu'I-Hijja. She ('A'isha) said: When it was the day of sacrifice (10th of Dhu'I-Hijia), I was purified, and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) commanded me and I did the circumambulation of Ifada. She said that the flesh of cow was sent to us. I said: What is It? They said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) has offered cow as sacrifice on behalf of his wives. When it was the might at Hasba, I said: Messenger of Allah, people are coming back from Hajj and Umra, where as I am coming back from Hajj (alone). She (IA'isha) reported: He (the Holy Prophet) commanded" Abd al- Rahman b. Abu Bakr to mount me upon his camel behind him. She ('A'isha) said: I was very young and I well remember that I dozed oil and my face touched the bind part of the haudaj (camel litter) till we came to Tan'im, and entered into the state of Ihram in lieu of Umra (which I for the time being abandoned) and which the people had performed.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: We entered into the state of. Ihram for Hajj till we were at Sarif and I was in menses. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) came to me and I was weeping. The rest of the hadith is the same but (with this portion) that there were sacrificial animals with Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and with Abu Bakr, Umar and with rich persons. And they pro- nounced Talbiya as they proceeded on. And there is no mention of this (too):" I was a girl of tender age and I dozed off and my face touched the bind part of the Haudaj."
'A'Isha reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) entered into the state of Ihram for Hajj Ifrid.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: We proceeded with the Mes- senger of Allah (may peace be upon him) putting on the Ihram for Hajj during the months of Hajj and the night of Hajj till we encamped at Sarlf. He (the Holy Prophet) went to his Companiens and said: He who has no sacrificial animal with him, in his case I wish that he should perform Umra (with this Ihram), and he who has the sacrificial animal with him should not do it. So some of thtm performed Hajj whereas others who had no sacrificial animals with them did not do (Hajj, but per- formed only 'Umra). The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) had the sacrificial animal with him and those too who could afford it (performed) Hajj). The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) came to me (i. e. A'isha) while I was weeping, and he said: What makes thee weep? I said: I heard your talk with Companions about Umra. He said: What has happened to you? I said: I do not observe prayer (due to the monthly period), whereupon besaid: It would not harm you; you should perform (during this time) the rituals of Hajj (which you can do outside the House). Maybe Allah will compensate you for this. You are one among the daughters of Adam and Allah has ordained for you as He has ordained for them. So I proceeded on (with the rituals of Hajj) till we came to Mina. I washed myself and then circumambuleted the House, and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) encamped at Muhassab and called, Abd al-Rahman b. Abua Bakr. and said: Take out your sister from the precincts of the Ka'ba in order to put on Ihram for Umra and circumambulate the House. and I shall wait for you here. She said: So I went out and put on Ihram and then circu- mambulated the House. and (ran) between al-Safa and al-Marwa, and then we came to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and he was in his bouse in the middle of the night. He said: Have you completed your (rituals)? I said: Yes. He then announced to his Companions to march on. He came out, and went to the House and circumambulated it before the dawn prayer and then proceeded to Medina.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: Some among us put on Ihram for Hajj alone (Hajj Mufrad) ; some of us for Hajj and Umra together (Qiran), and some of us for Tamattal (first for Umra and after completing it for Haii).
AI-Qasim b. Muhammad reported that A'isha had come for Hajj.
'Umra reported: I heard A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) as saying: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) five days before the end of Dhi Qa'dah, and we did see but that he intended to perform Hajj (only), but as we came near Mecca the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) commanded that he who did not have the sacrificial animal with him should put off Ibrim after circumambulating the House and running between al-Safa and aI-Marwa (and thus convert his Ihram from that of Hajj to 'Umra). 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: The flesh of cow was sent to us on the Day of Sacrifice (10th of Dhu'I-Hijja). I said. What is this? It was said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) sacrificed (the cow) on behalf of his wives. Yabyi said: I made a mention of this hadith (what has been stated by Umra) to Qisim b. Muhammad, whereupon be said: By Allah, she has rightly narrated it to you.
This hadlth has been narrated by Yahyi through the same chain of transmitters.
AI-Qasim narrated from the Mother of the Believers (Hadrat 'A'isha) that she said: Messenger of Allah. the people return (from Mecca) having ione two worships (both Hajj and Umra), but I am coming back with one (only). whereupon he said: You should wait and when the period of menses is over, you should go to Tan'im and put on lhram and then meet us at such and such time (and I think he said tomorrow) ; and (the reward of this Umra) is for you equal to your hardship or your spending.
Ibn al-Muththanna reported on the authority of Ibn Abu'Adi who transmit- ted on the authority of Ibn'Aun who narrated from al-Qasim and Ibrahim having said: I cannot differentiate the badith of one from the other (Q[Lsim and Ibribim) that the Mother of the Believers (Allah be pleased with her) said this: Messenger of Allah, people have come back with two acts of worship. The rest of the hadith is the same.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: We went with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and we did not see but that he (intended to perform) Rajj (only), but when we reached Mecca we circmambulated the House; and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) commanded that he who did not have with him a sacrificial animal should put off Ihram. She (A'isha) said: (And consequent- ly) those who did not bring the sacrificial anima) s with them put off Ihram; and among his wives (too) who had not brought the sacrificial animals with them put off Ihram. A'isha said: I entered in the monthly period and could not (therefore) circumambulate the House. When it was the night of Hasba she said: Messenger of Allah, people are coming. back (after having performed @oth) Hajj and'Umra, whereas I am coming back only with Hajj, whereupon he said: Did you not eircumambulate (the Ka'ba) that very night we intered Mecca? She (A'isha) said: No, whereupon he said: Go along with your brother to Tan'im and put on the Ihram for Umra, and it is at such and such a place that you can meet (us). (In the meanwhile) Safiyya (the wife of the Holy Prophet) said: I think, I will detain you (since I have entered in the monthly) period and you shall have to wait for me for the farewell circuit). Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: May you be wounded and your head shorn did you not circumambulate on the Day of Sacrifice (10th of Dhu'I-Hijja)? She said: Yes. The Holy Prophet (way peace be upon him) said: There is no harm. You should go forward. 'A'isha said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was going upwards to the side of Mecca, whereas I was coming down from it, or I was going upward, whereas he was coming down. Isbiq said: She was clim bing down, and he was climbing down.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased, with her) reported: We went out with the Mes. senger of Allah (may peace be upon him) pronouncing Talbiya having no explicit inten- tion of Pilgrimage or 'Umra. The rest of the hadith is the same.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) came out on the 4th or 5th of Dhul'I-Hijja (for Pilgrimage to Mecca) and came to me, and he was very angry. I said: Messenger of Allah, who has annoyed you? May Allah cast him in fire I He said: Don't you know that I commanded the people to do an act, but they are hesitant. (Hakam said: I think that he said: They seem to be hesitant.) And if I were to know my affair before what I had to do subsequently, I would not have brought with me the sacrificial animals, and would have bought them (at Mecca) and would have put off lhram as others have done.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) came out (for Pilgrimage) on The 4th or 5th of Dbu'l Hjjja. The rest of the hadith is the same, but he (the narrator) made no mention of the doubt of Hakam about his (the Prophet's) words:" They were reluctant."
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that she put on Ihram for, Umra and arrived 'at Mecca) but did not circumambulate the House as she had entered in the period of menses, and then put on Ihram for Hajj and performed all the rituals concerning it (except circumambulating the House). The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) said to her on the day of march (when pilgrims come to Mina): Your circumambulation would suffice both Hajj and Umra. She, however, felt reluc- tant. Thereupon the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) sent her with 'Abd al- Rahman to Tan'im and she performed Umra (with separate rituals) after Hajj.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that she entered in the monthly period at Sarif, and took bath at 'Arafa (after the period was over). The messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said to her: Your circumambulation between al Safa and al-Marwa is enough for your Hajj and 'Umra.
Safiyya hint Shaiba reported that 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: Messenger of Allah, lo! the people are returning with two rewards whereas I am return- ing with one reward. Thereupon he commanded 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abu Bakr to take her to al-Tan'im. She ('A'isha) said: He seated me behind him on his camel. She (further) stated: I lifted my head covering and took it off from my neck. He struck my foot as if he was striking the camel. I said to him: Do you find anyone bere? She (further) said: I entered into the state of Ihram fond. 'Umra till we reached the Messen- ger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and he was at Hasba.
Abd al-Rahman b. Abu Bakr reported that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) ordered him to mount A'isha behind him and enable her to (enter into the state of Ibrim for 'Umra) at Tan'im.
Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) said: We, in the state of lhram, came with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) for Hajj Mufrad (with the aim of Hajj only), and 'A'isha set out for Umra, and when we reached Sarif, she (Hadrat A'isha) entered in the state of monthly period; we proceeded on till we reached (Mecca) and circumambulated the Ka'ba and ran between (al-Safa) and al-Marwa; and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) commanded that one who amongst us had no sacrificial animal with him should put off Ihram. We said: What does this" Putting off" imply? He said: Getting out completely from the state of lhram, (so we put off Ihram), and we turned to our wives and applied perfume and put on our clothes. and we were at a four night's distance from 'Arafa. And we again put on Ihram on the day of Tarwiya (8th of Dhu'l-Hijja). The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) came to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and found her weeping, and said: What is the matter with you? She said: The matter is that I have entered in the monthly period, and the people had put off lhram, but I did not and I did not circumambulate the House, and the people are going for Hajj now (but I can't go), whereupon he said: It is the matter which Allah has ordaiucd for the daughters of Adam, so now take a bath and put on Ihram for Hajj. She ('A'isha) did accordingly, and stayed at the places of staying till the monthly period was over. She then circu- mambulated the House, and (ran between) al-Safa and al-Marwa. He (the Holy Prophet) then said: Now both your Hajj and 'Umra are complete, whereupon she said: I feel in my mind that I did not circumambulate the House till I performed Hajj (I missed the circumambulation of 'Umra). Thereupon he (Allah's Apostle) said: 'Abd al- Rahman, take her to Tan'im (so as to enable her) to perform Umra (separately), and it was the night at Hasba.
Jabir b. Abdullah is reported to have said that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) came to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and she was weeping. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported that A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) enter- ed into the state of Ihram (separately) for 'Umra while the Prophet (may peace be upon him) was performing Hajj. The rest of the hadith is the same, but with this addi- tion: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was a person of gentle disposi- tion, so when she (A'Isha) wished for a thing, he accepted it (provided it did not contravene the teachings of Islam). So he (in pursuance of her desire for a separate lhram for Umra) sent her with 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abu Bakr and she put on Ihram for 'Umra at al-Tan'im. Matar and Abu Zubair (the two narrators amongst the chain of transmitters) said: Whenever 'A'isha performed Hajj she did as she bad done along with Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him).
Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) said.: We went with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) in 'a state of Ihram for the Hajj. There were women and children with us. When we reached Mecca we circumambulated the House and (ran) between al-Safa and al-Marwa. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: He who has no sacrificial animal with him should put off lhram. We said: What kind of putting off? He said: Getting out of lhram completely. So we came to our wives, and put on our clothes and applied perfume. When it was the day of Tarwiya, we put on Ihram for Hajj. and the first circumambulation and (running) between al-Safa and al-Marwa sufficed us.. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded us to become seven partners (in the sacrifice) of a camel and a cow.
Jabir b. Abdullah reported that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) ordered us to put on Ihram (again) as we proceeded towards Mina after we had put it off (i. e. 'on the 8th of Dhu'l-Hijja). So we pronounced Talbiya at al-Abtah.
Jabir b. Abdullah is reported to have said: Neither Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) nor his Companions (circumambulated the Ka'ba and) ran between al-Safa and al-Marwa but once (sufficing both for Hajj and 'Umra). But in the hadith transmitted by Muhammad b. Bakr there is an addition:" That is first circumambu- lation."
'Ata'reported: I, along with some people, heard Jabir b. 'Abdullah saying: We the Companions of Muhammad (may peace be upon him) put on Ihram for Hajj only. Ata' further said that Jabir stated: Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) came on the 4th of Dhu'l-Hijja and he commanded us to put off Ihram. 'Ata'said that he (Allah's Apostle) commanded them to put off Ihram and to go to their wives (for inter- course). 'Ata' said: It was not obligatory for them, but (intercourse) with them had become permissible. We said: When only five days had been left to reach 'Arafa, he (the Holy Prophet) commanded us to have intercourse with our wives. And we reached 'Arafa in a state as if we had just intercoursed (with tbem). He ('Ata') said: Jabir pointed with his hand and I (perceive) as if I am seeing his hand as it moved. In the (meantime) the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) stood amongst us and said: You are well aware that I am the most God-fearing, most truthful and most pious amongst you. And if there were not sacrificial animals with me, I would also have put off Ihram as you have put off. And if I were to know this matter of mine what I have come to know later on. I would not have brought sacrificial animals with me. SO they (the Companions) put. olf Ihrim and we also put off and listened to (the Holy Prophet) and obeyed (his command). Jabir said: 'All came with the revenue of the taxes (from Yemen). He (the Holy Prophet) said: For what (purpose) have you entered into the state of Ihram (whether you entered into the state purely for Hajj and, Umra jointly or Hajj and Umra separately)? He said: For the purpose for which the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) had entered. (The Holy Prophet had entered as a Qiran, i. e. Ihram covering both Umra and Hajj simultaneously.) Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Offer a sacrifice of animal, and retain Ihram. And 'All brought a sacrificial animal for him (for the Holy Prophet). Suraqa b. Malik b. Ju'shum said: Messenger of Allah, is it (this concession putting off Ihram of Hajj or Umra) meant for this year or is it for ever?. He said: It is for ever.
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: We entered with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) in the state of Ihram for Hajj. When we came to Mecca he commanded us to put off Ihrim and make it for 'Umra. We felt It (the command) hard for us, and our hearts were anguished on account of this and it (this reaction of the people) reached the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him). We do not know whether he received (this news) from the Heaven (through revelation) or from the people. (Whatever the case might be) he said; O people, put off Ihram. If there were not the sacrificial animals with me, I would have done as you do. So we put off the Ihram (after performing Umra), and we bad intercourse with our wives and did everything which a non-Muhrim does (applying perfume, putting on clothes, etc.), and when It was the day of Tarwiya (8th of Dhu'l-Hijja) we turned our back to Mecca (in order to go to Mini, 'Arafat) and we put on lhram for Hajj.
Musa b. Nafi reported: I came to Mecca as a Mutamattil for Umra (per- forming Umra first and then putting off lhram and again entering into the state of Ihram for Hajj) four days before the day of Tarwiya (i. e. on tee 4th of Dhu'l-Hijja). Thereupon the people said: Now yours is the Hajj of the Meccans. I went to 'Ata' b. Abi Rabah and asked his religious verdict. Ata' said: Jabir b. 'Abdullah al'Ans-ari (Allah be pleased wa'th them) narrated to me that he peirforfned Hajj with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) in the year when he took sacrificial animals with him (i. e. during the 10th year of Hijra known as the Farewell Pilgrimage) and they had put on Ihram for Hajj only (as Mufrid). The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Put off Ihram and circumambulate the House, and (run) between al-Safa and al-Marwa. and get your hair cut and stay as non-Muhrims. When it was the day of Tarwiya, then put on Ihram for Hajj and make lhram for Mut'a (you had put on Ihram i f or Hajj, but take it off af ter perf orming Umra and then again put on Ihram for Hajj). They said: How should we make it Mut'a although we entered upon lhram in the name of Hajj? He said: Do whatever I command you to do. Had I not brought sacrificial animals with me, I would have done as I have commanded you to do. But it is not permissible for me to put off Ihram till tLe sacrifice is offered. Then they also did accordingly.
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: We set out with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as Muhrim for Hajj. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) commanded us to make this Ihram for Umra, and some put it off (af ter performing 'Umra), but the Prophet (may peace be upon him) had sacrificial animals with him, so he could not make it (this Ihram) as that of Umra.
Chapter 17: PERFORMING HAJJ AND UMRA SEPARATELY
Abu Nadra reported: Ibn'Abbas commanded the performance of Mut'a putting lhram for 'Umra during the months of Dhu'I-Hijja and after completing it. then putting on Ibrim for Hajj), but Ibn Zubair forbade to do it. I made a mention of it to Jabir b. Abdullih and he said: It is through me that this hadith has been circulated. We entered into the state of Ihram as Tamattu' with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). When 'Umar was Installed as Caliph, he said: Verily Allah made permissible for His Messenger (may peace be upon him) whatever He liked and as Re liked. And (every command) of the Holy Qur'an has been revealed for every occasion. So accomplish Hajj and Umra for Allah as Allah has commanded you; and confirm by (proper conditions) the marriage of those women (with whom you have performed Mut'a). And any person would come to me with a marriage of appointed duration (Mut'a), I would stone him (to death). Qatada narrated this hadith with the same chain of transmitters saying: (That 'Umar also said): Separate your Hajj from 'Umra, for that is the most complete Hajj, and complete your Umra.
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: We came with the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) pronouncing Talbiya for Hajj, and the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) commanded us to make (our Ihram) into that of Umra.
FAREWELL PILGRIMAGE OF THE APOSTLE OF ALLAH (MAY PEACE BE UPON HIM)
Just as the first revelation in the cave of Hira' marks the advent of the apostolic mission of Muhammad (May peace be upon him), similarly his Farewell Pilgrimage marks its crowning glory. Opinions differ as to when Hajj became obligatory but the commonly accepted opinion is that it was in the eighth year of Hijra that Allah declared it as one of the five fundamentals of Islam. In the ninth year of Hijra the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) sent Abu Bakr as the leader of the Hajj delegation but he himself did not go. Hadrat Abu Bakr was later on joined by Hadrat Ali in order to make a sure declaration on behalf of the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) which concerned the freedom from obligation in regard to those idolatrous tribes who had shown no respect for the treaties which they had entered into with the Holy Prophet (May peace be upon him). This declaration is contains in the opening verses of Sura Tauba.
The Holy Prophet (May peace be upon him) spent this year in making preparations for the Hajj in the tenth year of Hijra which coincided with the sixty-third year (the last year) of his life. Every attempt was, therefore, made to take full advantage of this great assembly. Messengers were sent to all parts of Arabia inviting people to join him in this great Pilgrimage. It was necessary for them since they should learn by first-hand knowledge the several injunctions and practices of the Pilgrimage-free from all taints of ignorance-an ideal pattern which was to be kept intact in its pristine glory for all times to come. Not only the rites and rituals of the Pilgrimage were to be finally explained by the Holy Prophet (May peace be upon him) but all those things which had any concern with Islam had been finalized.
The Holy Prophet (May peace be upon him) delivered a khutba on the 24th of Dhi-Qa'da on the occasion of the Friday prayer and gave the Muslims necessary instructions relating to Hajj. Next day, I. e. on the 25th of Dhi-Qa'da, he set out after Zuhr prayer on a journey for Hajj along with thousands of his devoted Companions. The 'Asr prayer was offered at Dhu'l-Hulaifa. The caravan spent the night there and it was there after the Zuhr prayer that the Holy Prophet (May peace be upon him) and his Companions put on Ihram and proceeded towards Mecca. They reached their destination on the 4th of Dhu'l-Hijja pronouncing Talbiya (Labbaik, Labbaik, Allahumma Labbaik).
As the caravan moved on the number of participants swelled till, according to some of the narrators, it reached more than one lakh and thirty thousands. The Farewell Pilgrimage is one of the most important occasions in the sacred life of Muhammad (May peace be upon him). Apart from the rites and rituals, the addresses and speeches of the Holy Prophet (May peace be upon him) succinctly sum up the teachings of Islam.
Ja'far b Muhammad reported on the authority of his father: We went to Jabir b. Abdullah and he began inquiring about the people (who had gone to see him) till it was my turn. I said: I am Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Husain. He placed his hand upon my head and opened my upper button and then the lower one and then placed his palm on my chest (in order to bless me), and I was, during those days, a young boy, and he said: You are welcome, my nephew. Ask whatever you want to ask. And I asked him but as he was blind (he could not respond to me immediately), and the time for prayer came. He stood up covering himself in his mantle. And whenever he placed its ends upon his shoulders they slipped down on account of being short (in size). Another mantle was, however, lying on the clothes rack near by. And he led us in the prayer. I said to him: Tell me about the Hajj of Allah's Messenger (May peace be upon him). And he pointed with his hand nine, and then stated: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) stayed in (Medina) for nine years but did not perform Hajj, then he made a public announcement in the tenth year to the effect that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) was about to perform the Hajj. A large number of persons came to Medina and all of them were anxious to follow the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) and do according to his doing. We set out with him till we reached Dhu'l-Hulaifa. Asma' daughter of Umais gave birth to Muhammad b. Abu Bakr. She sent message to the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) asking him: What should 1 do? He (the Holy Prophet) said: Take a bath, bandage your private parts and put on Ihram. The Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) then prayed in the mosque and then mounted al-Qaswa (his she-camel) and it stood erect with him on its back at al-Baida'. And I saw as far as I could see in front of me but riders and pedestrians, and also on my right and on my left and behind me like this. And the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was prominent among us and the (revelation) of the Holy Qur'an was descending upon him. And it is he who knows (its true) significance. And whatever he did, we also did that. He pronounced the Oneness of Allah (saying):" Labbaik,0 Allah, Labbaik, Labbaik. Thou hast no partner, praise and grace is Thine and the Sovereignty too; Thou hast no partner."
And the people also pronounced this Talbiya which they pronounce (today). The Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) did not reject anything out of it. But the Messenger of Allah (May peace. be upon him) adhered to his own Talbiya. Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) said: We did not have any other intention but that of Hajj only, being unaware of the Umra (at that season), but when we came with him to the House, he touched the pillar and (made seven circuits) running three of them and walking four. And then going to the Station of Ibrahim, he recited:" And adopt the Station of Ibrahim as a place of prayer." And this Station was between him and the House. My father said (and I do not know whether he had made a mention of it but that was from Allah's Apostle [May peace be upon him] that he recited in two rak'ahs:" say: He is Allah One," and say:" Say: 0 unbelievers." He then returned to the pillar (Hajar Aswad) and kissed it. He then went out of the gate to al-Safa' and as he reached near it he recited:" Al-Safa' and al-Marwa are among the signs appointed by Allah," (adding: ) I begin with what Allah (has commanded me) to begin. He first mounted al-Safa' till he saw the House, and facing Qibla he declared the Oneness of Allah and glorified Him, and said:" There is no god but Allah, One, there is no partner with Him. His is the Sovereignty. to Him praise is due. and He is Powerful over everything. There is no god but Allah alone, Who fulfilled His promise, helped His servant and routed the confederates alone." He then made supplication in the course of that saying such words three times. He then descended and walked towards al-Marwa, and when his feet came down in the bottom of the valley, he ran, and when he began to ascend he walked till he reached al-Marwa. There he did as he had done at al-Safa'. And when it was his last running at al-Marwa he said: If I had known beforehand what I have come to know afterwards, I would not have brought sacrificial animals and would have performed an 'Umra. So, he who among you has not the sacrificial animals with him should put off Ihram and treat it as an Umra. Suraqa b. Malik b. Ju'sham got up and said: Messenger of Allah, does it apply to the present year, or does it apply forever? Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) intertwined the fingers (of one hand) into another and said twice: The 'Umra has become incorporated in the Hajj (adding):" No, but for ever and ever." 'All came from the Yemen with the sacrificial animals for the Prophet (May peace be upon him) and found Fatimah (Allah be pleased with her) to be one among those who had put off Ihram and had put on dyed clothes and had applied antimony. He (Hadrat'Ali) showed disapproval to it, whereupon she said: My father has commanded me to do this. He (the narrator) said that 'Ali used to say in Iraq: I went to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) showing annoyance at Fatimah for what she had done, and asked the (verdict) of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) regarding what she had narrated from him, and told him that I was angry with her, whereupon he said: She has told the truth, she has told the truth. (The Holy Prophet then asked 'Ali): What did you say when you undertook to go for Hajj? I ('Ali) said: 0 Allah, I am putting on Ihram for the same purpose as Thy Messenger has put it on.
He said: I have with me sacrificial animals, so do not put off the Ihram. He (Jabir) said: The total number of those sacrificial animals brought by 'Ali from the Yemen and of those brought by the Apostle (may peace be upon him) was one hundred. Then all the people except the Apostle (may peace be upon him) and those who had with them sacrificial animals, put off Ihram, and got their hair clipped; when it was the day of Tarwiya (8th of Dhu'l-Hijja) they went to Mina and put on the Ihram for Hajj and the Messenger of Ailah (may peace be upon him) rode and led the noon, afternoon, sunset 'Isha' and dawn prayers. He then waited a little till the sun rose, and commanded that a tent of hair should be pitched at Namira. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) then set out and the Quraish did not doubt that he would halt at al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the sacred site) as the Quraish used to do in the pre-Islamic period. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), however, passed on till he came to 'Arafa and he found that the tent had been pitched for him at Namira. There he got down till the sun had passed the meridian; he commanded that al-Qaswa should be brought and saddled for him. Then he came to the bottom of the valley, and addressed the people saying: Verily your blood, your property are as sacred and inviolable as the sacredness of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this town of yours. Behold! Everything pertaining to the Days of Ignorance is under my feet completely abolished. Abolished are also the blood-revenges of the Days of Ignorance.
The first claim of ours on blood-revenge which I abolish is that of the son of Rabi'a b. al-Harith, who was nursed among the tribe of Sa'd and killed by Hudhail. And the usury of she pre-Islamic period is abolished, and the first of our usury I abolish is that of 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib, for it is all abolished. Fear Allah concerning women! Verily you have taken them on the security of Allah, and intercourse with them has been made lawful unto you by words of Allah. You too have right over them, and that they should not allow anyone to sit on your bed whom you do not like. But if they do that, you can chastise them but not severely. Their rights upon you are that you should provide them with food and clothing in a fitting manner. I have left among you the Book of Allah, and if you hold fast to it, you would never go astray. And you would be asked about me (on the Day of Resurrection), (now tell me) what would you say? They (the audience) said: We will bear witness that you have conveyed (the message), discharged (the ministry of Prophethood) and given wise (sincere) counsel. He (the narrator) said: He (the Holy Prophet) then raised his forefinger towards the sky and pointing it at the people (said):" O Allah, be witness. 0 Allah, be witness," saying it thrice. (Bilal then) pronounced Adhan and later on Iqama and he (the Holy Prophet) led the noon prayer. He (Bilal) then uttered Iqama and he (the Holy Prophet) led the afternoon prayer and he observed no other prayer in between the two.
The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) then mounted his camel and came to the place of stay, making his she-camel al-Qaswa, turn towards the side where there we are rocks, having the path taken by those who went on foot in front of him, and faced the Qibla. He kept standing there till the sun set, and the yellow light had somewhat gone, and the disc of the sun had disappeared. He made Usama sit behind him, and he pulled the nosestring of Qaswa so forcefully that its head touched the saddle (in order to keep her under perfect control), and he pointed out to the people with his right hand to be moderate (in speed), and whenever he happened to pass over an elevated tract of sand, he slightly loosened it (the nose-string of his camel) till she climbed up and this is how he reached al-Muzdalifa. There he led the evening and 'Isha prayers with one Adhan and two Iqamas and did not glorify (Allah) in between them (i. e. he did not observe supererogatory rak'ahs between Maghrib and 'Isha' prayers). The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) then lay down till dawn and offered the dawn prayer with an Adhan and Iqama when the morning light was clear. He again mounted al-Qaswa, and when he came to al-Mash'ar al-Haram, he faced towards Qibla, supplicated Him, Glorified Him, and pronounced His Uniqueness (La ilaha illa Allah) and Oneness, and kept standing till the daylight was very clear.
He then went quickly before the sun rose, and seated behind him was al-Fadl b. 'Abbas and he was a man having beautiful hair and fair complexion and handsome face. As the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) was moving on, there was also going a group of women (side by side with them). Al-Fadl began to look at them. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) placed his hand on the face of Fadl who then turned his face to the other side, and began to see, and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) turned his hand to the other side and placed it on the face of al-Fadl. He again turned his face to the other side till he came to the bottom of Muhassir. 1680 He urged her (al-Qaswa) a little, and, following the middle road, which comes out at the greatest jamra, he came to the jamra which is near the tree. At this be threw seven small pebbles, saying Allah-o-Akbar while throwing every one of them in a manner in which the small pebbles are thrown (with the help of fingers) and this he did in the bottom of the valley. He then went to the place of sacrifice, and sacrificed sixty-three (camels) with his own hand. Then he gave the remaining number to 'All who sacrificed them, and he shared him in his sacrifice. He then commanded that a piece of flesh from each animal sacrificed should be put in a pot, and when it was cooked, both of them (the Holy Prophet and Hadrat 'All) took some meat out of it and drank its soup. The Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) again rode and came to the House, and offered the Zuhr prayer at Mecca. He came to the tribe of Abd al-Muttalib, who were supplying water at Zamzam, and said: Draw water. O Bani 'Abd al-Muttalib; were it not that people would usurp this right of supplying water from you, I would have drawn it along with you. So they handed him a basket and he drank from it.
Ja'far b. Muhammad narrated on the authority of his father thus: I came to Jabir b. Abdullah and asked him about the (Farewell) Pilgrimage of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). The rest of the hadith is the same, but with the addition of this:" There was one Abu Sayyara among the Arabs, (of pre-Islamic period) who carried (people from Muzdalifa to Mini). As the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) set out from Muzdalifa to al-Mash'ar al-Haram, the Quraish were certain that he would halt there and that would be his station. But he passed on (without staying) there. and paid no heed to it till he came to 'Arafat and there he stayed."
Jabir reported Allah's Messenger (May peace be upon him) as saying: I have sacrificed (the animals) here, and the whole of Mini is a place for sacrifice; so sacrifice your animals at your places. 1 have stayed here (near these rocks), and the whole of Arafat is a place for stay. And I have stayed here (at Muzdalifa near Mash'ar al-Haram and the whole of Muzdalifa) is a place for stay (i. e. one is permitted to spend night in any part of it, as one likes).
Jabir b. Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported that when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) proceeded to Mecca, he came to it (the Black Stone). he kissed it. and moved to his right. and moved quickly in three circuits, and walked in four circuits.
Chapter 18: STAYING AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VERSE:, THEN HASTEN ON FROM WHERE THE PEOPLE HASTEN ON (ii. 199)
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Quraish (of the pre-Islamic days) and those who followed their religions practices stayed at Muzdalifa, and they named themselves as Hums, whereas all other Arabs stayed at 'Arafa. With the advent of Islam, Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, commanded His Apostle (may peace be upon him) to come to 'Arafat and stay there, and then hurry from there, and this is the significance of the words of Allah:" Then hasten on from where the people hasten on."
Hisham narrated on the authority of his father that the Arabs with the exception of Hums who were Quraish, and their descendants, circumambulated the House naked. They kept circumambulating In this state of nudity unless the Hums supplied to them the clothes. The male provided (clothes) to the male and the female provided clothes to the female. And the Hums did not get out of Muzdalifa, whereas the people (other than the Quraish) went t o 'Arafat. Hisham said on the authority of his father who related from 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) who said: Hums are those about whom Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, revealed this verse:" Then hasten to where the people hasten." She (further) said: The people hastened on from 'Arafat, whereas Hums hastened from Muzdalifa, and said: We'do not hasten but from Haram. But when this (verse) was revealed:" Hasten on from that (place) where the people hasten on," they (the Quraish) then went to 'Arafat.
Jubair. b. Mut'im reported: I lost my camel and went in search of it on the day of 'Arafa, and I saw the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) staying along with people in 'Ara'fit. Thereupon I said: By Allah, he is among the Hums (Quraish) ; what has happened to him that he has come to this (place)? The Quraish were counted among Hums.
Chapter 19: PERMISSIBILITY OF SAYING ONE HAS ENTERED INTO IHRAM LIKE THE IHRAM OF THE OTHER ONE OR ABROGATION OF PUTTING OFF IHRAM AND COMPLETING (HAJJ AND UMRA)
Abu Musa (Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) as he was encamping at Batha. He said to me: Did you intend to perform Hajj? I said: Yes. He again said: With what intention have you entered into the state of Ihram (for Ifrad, Qiran or Tamattu'). I said: I pronounced Talbiya (I have entered into the state of Ihram ) with that very aim with which the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) is pronouncing Talbiya. He (the Holy Prophet) said; You have done well. Then circumambulate the House and run between al-Safa' and al-Marwa' and put off Ihram (as you have not brought the sacrificial animals along with you). So I circumambulated the House, and ran between al-Safa' and al-Marwa' and then came to a woman of the tribe of Qais and she rid my head of the lice. I again put on Ihram for Hajj. and continued giving religious verdict (according to this practice) till during the Caliphate of Umar (Allah be pleased with him) when a person said to him: Abu Musa, or Abdullah b. Qais, exercise restraint in delivering some religious verdict of yours, for you do not know what has been introduced after you by the Commander of the Believers in the rites (of Hajj). Thereupon he said: 0 people, whom we gave the religious verdict (concerning putting off Ihram ) they should wait, for the Commander of the Believers is about to come to you, and you should follow him. Umar (Allah be pleased with him) then came and I made a mention of it to him. whereupon he said: If we abide by the Book of Allah (we find) the Book of Allah has commanded us to complete the (. Hajj and 'Umra), and if we abide by the Sunnah of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), we find that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) did not put off Ihram till the sacrificial animal was brought to its end (till it was sacrificed).
This hadith has been narrated by Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters.
Abu Musa (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I came to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and he was encamping at Batha. He (the Holy Prophet) said: With what purpose have you entered into the state of Ihram? I said: I have entered into the state of Ihram in accordance with the Ihram of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him). He said: Have you brought sacrificial animals along with you? I said: No. whereupon he said: Then circumambulate the House and run between al-Safa' and al-Marwa and put off Ihram. So I circumambulated the House, ran between al-Safa' and al-Marwa, and then came to a woman of my tribe. She combed and washed my head. I used to give religious verdict (according to the above mentioned command of the Holy Prophet) during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr and also during that of 'Umar. And it was during the Hajj season that a person came to me and said: You (perhaps) do not know what the Commander of the Believers has introduced in the rites (of Hajj). I said: 0 people, those whom we have given religious verdict about a certain thing should wait, for the Commander of the Believers is about to arrive among you, so follow him. When the Commander of the Believers arrived, I said: What is this that you have introduced in the rites (of Hajj)? -where upon he said: If we abide by the Book of Allah (we find) that there Allah, Exalted and Majestic, has said: Complete Hajj and 'Umra for Allah." And if we abide by the Sunnah of our Apostle (may peace be upon him) (we find) that the Apostle of Allah (May peace be upon him) did not put off Ihram till he had sacrificed the animals.
Abu Musa (Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon im) had sent me to Yemen and I came back In the year in which he (the Holy Prophet) performed the (Farewell) Pilgrimage. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon, him) said to me: Abu Musa, what did you ' say when you entered into the state of Ihram? I said: At thy beck and call; my (Ihram) is that of the Ihram of Allah's Apostle (May peace be upon him). He said: Have you brought the sacrificial animals? I said: No. Thereupon he said: Go and circumambulate the House, and (run) between al-Safa' and al-Marwa and then put off Ihram. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Abu Musa, (Allah be pleased with him) reported that he used to deliver religious verdict in favor of Hajj Tamattu'. A person said to him: Exercise restraint in delivering some of your religious verdicts, for you do not know what the Commander of Believers has introduced in the rites (of Hajj) after you (when you were away in Yemen). He (Abu Musa, ) met him (Hadrat Umar) subsequently and asked him (about it), whereupon 'Umar said: I know that Allah's Apostle (May peace be upon him) and also his Companions did that (observed Tamattu'), but I do not approve that the married persons should have intercourse with their wives under the shade of the trees, and then set out for Hajj with water trickling down from their beads.
Chapter 20: PERMISSIBILITY OF THE TAMATTU, (FORM OF PILGRIMAGE)
'Abdullah b. Shaqiq reported that 'Uthman (Allah be pleased with him) used to forbid Tamattu', whereas 'Ali (Allah be pleased with him) ordered to do it. 'Uthman said a word to 'Ali, but 'Ali said: You know that we used to perform Tamattu' with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), whereupon he said: It is right, but we entertained fear. This hadith has been narrated by Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters.
Sa'id b. al-Musayyab reported that 'Ali and 'Uthman (Allah be pleased with them) met at 'Usfan; and Uthman used to forbid (people) from performing Tamattu' and 'Umra (during the period of Hajj), whereupon 'Ali said: What is your opinion about a matter which the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) did but you forbid it? Thereupon Uthman said: You leave us alone, whereupon he ('Ali) said: I cannot leave you alone. When 'Ali saw this, he put on Ihram for both of them together (both for Hajj and 'Umra).
Abu Dharr (Allah be pleased with him) said that Tamattu' in Ha was a special (concession) 1694 for the Companions of Muhammad (may peace be upon him).
Abu Dharr (Allah be pleased with him) reported: Tamattu' in Hajj was a special concession for us.
Abu Dharr (Allah be pleased with him) said: Two are the Mut'as which were not permissible but only for us, i. e. temporary marriage with women and Tamattu' in Hajj.
'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi al-Sha'tha' reported: I came to Ibrahim al-Nakha'I and Ibrahim Taimi and said: I intend to combine 'Umra and Hajj this year, whereupon Ibrahim al-Nakha'i said: But your father did not make such intention. Ibrahim narrated on the authority of, his father that he passed by Abu Dharr (Allah be pleased with him) at Rabdha, and made a mention of that, whereupon he said: It was a special concession for us and not for you.
Ghunaim b. Qais said: I asked Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas (Allah be pleased with him) about Mut'a, whereupon he said: We did that, and it was the day when he was an unbeliever living in (one of the) houses of Mecca.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Sulaiman Taimi with the same chain of transmitters and in his narration (he) refers to Mu'awiya.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Sulaiman (but with a slight modification of words).
Mutarrif reported: 'Imran b. Husain said to me: Should I not narrate to you a hadith today by which Allah will benefit you subsequently-and bear in mind that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) made some members of his family perform 'Umra within ten days of Dhu'l-Hijja. No verse was revealed to abrogate that, and he (the Holy Prophet) did not refrain from doing it till he died. So after him everyone said as he liked, (but it would be his. personal opinion and not the verdict of the Shari'ah).
This hadith been narrated on the authority of Jurairi with the same chain of transmitters, and Ibn Hatim said in his narration:" A person said according to his personal opinion, and it was Umar."
Imran b. Husain reported: I am narrating to you a hadith by which Allah will benefit you (and the hadith is) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) combined Hajj and 'Umra, and he did not forbid (this combination) till he died. (Moreover) nothing was revealed in the Holy Qur'an which forbade it. And I was always blessed till I was branded and then it (blessing) was abandoned. I then abandoned branding and it (the blessing was restored).
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Mutarrif with the same chain of transmitters.
Mutarrif reported: 'Imran b. Husain sent for me during his illness of which he died, and said: I am narrating to you some ahadith which may benefit you after me. If I live you conceal (the fact that these have been transmitted by me), and if I die, then you narrate them if you like (and these are): I am blessed, and bear in mind that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) combined Hajj and Umra. Then no verse was revealed in regard to it in the Book of Allah (which abrogated it) and the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) did not forbid (from doing it). And whatever a person (, Umar) said was out of his personal opinion.
'Imran b. al-Husain (Allah be pleased with him) said: Know well that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) combined 'Hajj and 'Umra, and nothing was revealed in the Book (to abrogate it), and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) too did not forbid us from (combining) them. And whatever a person said was out of his personal opinion.
'Imran b. Husain (Allah be pleased with him) reported: We performed Tamattu' (Hajj and 'Umra combining together) in the company of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and nothing was revealed in the Qur'an (concerning the abrogation of this practice), and whatever a person (Hadhrat 'Umar) said was his personal opinion. 'Imran b. Husain narrated this hadith (in these words also):" Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) performed Hajj Tamattu' and we also performed it along with him."
'Imran b. Husain said: There was revealed the verse of Tamattu' in Hajj in the Book of Allah and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) commanded us to perform it. and then no verse was revealed abrogating the Tamattu' (form of Hajj), and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) did not forbid to do it till he died. So whatever a person said was his personal opinion. A hadith like this is transmitted on the authority of Imran b. Husain, but with this variation that he ('Imran) said: We did that (Tamattu') in the company of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and he did not say anything but he (the Holy Prophet) commanded us to do it.
Chapter 21: SACRIFICING OF ANIMAL IS OBLIGATORY FOR TAMATTU., BUT HE WHO DOES NOT DO IT IS REQUIRED TO OBSERVE FAST FOR THREE DAYS DURING THE HAJJ AND FOR SEVEN DAYS WHEN HE RETURNS TO THE FAMILY
Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observed Tamattu' in Hajjat-ul-Wada'. He first put on Ihram for 'Umra and then for Hajj. and then offered animal sacrifice. So he drove the sacrificial animals with him from Dhu'l-Hulaifa. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commenced Ihram of Umra and thus pronounced Talbiya for 'Umra. and then (put on Ihram for Hajj) and pronounced Talbiya for Hajj. And the people performed Tamattu' in the company of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). They put on Ihram for Umra (first) and then for Hajj. Some of them had sacrificial animals which they had brought with them, whereas some of them had none to sacrifice. So when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to Mecca, he said to the people: He who amongst you has brought sacrificial animals along with him must not treat as lawful anything which has become unlawful for him till he has completed the Hajj; and he, who amongst you has not brought the sacrificial animals should circumambulate the House, and run between al-Safa' and al-Marwa and clip (his hair) and put off the Ihram, and then again put on the Ihram for Hajj and offer sacrifice of animals. But he who does not find the sacrificial animal, he should observe fast for three days during the Hajj and for seven days when he returns to his family. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) circumambulated (the House) when he came to Mecca: he first kissed the corner (of the Ka'ba containing the Black Stone), then ran in three circuits out of seven and walked in four circuits. And then when he had finished the circumambulation of the House he observed two rak'ahs of prayer at the Station (of Ibrahim), and then pronounced Salaam (for concluding the rak'ahs), and departed and came to al-Safa' and ran seven times between al-Safa' and al-Marwa. After that he did not treat anything as lawful which had become unlawful till he had completed his Hajj and sacrificed his animal on the day of sacrifice (10th of Dhu'l-Hijja). and then went back quickly (to Mecca) and performed circumambulation of the House (known as tawaf ifada) after which all that was unlawful for him became lawful; and those who had brought the sacrificial animals along with them did as Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had done. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'A'isha. The wife of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), concerning his Tamattu' of Hajj and 'Umra and performing of Tamattu' by people in his company.
Chapter 22: THE QARIN SHOULD NOT PUT OFF THE IHRAM BUT AT THE TIME WHEN A MUFRID PILGRIM TAKES IT OFF
Hafsa (Allah be pleased with her), the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), said: Messenger of Allah. what about people who have put off Ihram whereas you have not put it off after your 'Umra? He said: I have stuck my hair and have driven my sacrificial animal, and would not, therefore, put off Ihram until I have sacrificed the animal.
Hafsa (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I said: Messenger of Allah what is the matter with you that you have not put off Ihram? The rest of the hadith is the same.
Hafsa (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I said to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him): What is the matter with people that they have put off Ihram, whereas you have not put it off after your Umra'? He said: I have driven my sacrificial animal and stuck my hair, and it is not permissible for me to put off Ihram unless I have completed the Hajj.
Hafsa (Allah be pleased with her) said: Messenger of Allah; the rest of the hadith is the same and (the concluding words of the Holy Prophet):" I won't put off Ihram until I have sacrificed the animal."
Hafsa (Allah be pleased with her) said that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) commanded his wives that they should put off Ihram during the year of Hajj (at-ul-Wada'). whereupon she (Hafsa) said: What hinders you that you have not put off Ihram? Thereupon he said: I have stuck my hair and driven my sacrificial animal along with men and it is not permissible to put off Ihram (under this condition until I have sacrificed the animal.
Chapter 23: PERMISSIBILITY OF PUTTING OFF IHRAM (IN THE MIDST OF HAJJ CEREMONIES) IN CASE OF OBSTRUCTION AND PERMISSIBILITY OF QIRAN
Nafi' reported that 'Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with them) set out for Umra during the turmoil, and he said: If I am detained (from going to) the House, we would do the same as we did with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). So he went out and put on Ihram for 'Umra and moved on until he reached al-Baida'. He turned towards his Companions and said: There is one command for both of them. and 1 call you as my witness (and say) that verify I have- made Hajj with 'Umra compulsory for me. He proceeded until, when he came to the House, he circumambulated it seven times and ran between al-Safa' and al-Marwa seven times, and made no addition to it and thought it to be sufficient for him and offered sacrifice.
Nafi' reported that 'Abdullah b. 'Abdullah and Salim b. Abdullah said to 'Abdullah (b. 'Umar) at the time when Hajjaj came to fight against Ibn Zubair: There would be no harm if you do not (proceed) for Hajj this year, for we fear that there would be fight among people which would cause obstruction between you and the House, whereupon he said: If there would be obstruction between me and that (Ka'ba), I would do as Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) did. I was with him (the Holy Prophet) when the infidels of Quraish caused obstructions between him (the Holy Prophet) and the House. I call you as my witness (to the fact) that I have made 'Umra essential for me. He proceeded until he came to Dhu'l-Hulaifa and pronounced Talbiya for Umra, and said: If the way Is clear forme, I would then complete my 'Umra but If there is some obstruction between me and that (the Ka'ba). I would then do what Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had done (at the occasion of Hudaibiya), and I was with him (the Holy Prophet). and then recited:" Verily in the Messenger of Allah, there is a model pattern for you" (xxxiii. 21). He then moved on until he came to the rear side of al-Baida' and said: There is one command for both of them automatically) (Hajj and Umra). If I am detained (in the performance) of 'Umra, I am ( automatically detained (in the performance) of Hajj (too). I call you as witness that Hajj along with 'Umra I had made essential for me. (I am performing Hajj and 'Umra as Qiran.) He then bought sacrificial animals at Qudaid and then circumambulated the House and ran between al-Safa' and al-Marwa once (covering both Hajj and Umra), and did not put off Ihram until on the Day of Sacrifice in the month of Dhu'l-Hijja.
Nafi' reported that Ibn Umar intended to go to Hajj (during the year) when Hajjaj attacked Ibn Zubair, and he narrated the account as (narrated above), and he used to say at the end of the hadith: He who combines Hajj with Umra, for him one single circumambulation is sufficient, and he did not put off Ihram until he had completed both of them.
Nafi' reported that Ibn Umar intended to go for Hajj during the year when Hajjaj attacked Ibn Zubair. It was said to him: There is a state of war between people and we fear that they would detain you, whereupon he ('Abdullah b. Umar) said:" Verily in the Messenger of Allah there is a model pattern for you." I would do as Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) did. I call you as witness that I have undertaken to perform 'Umra. He then set out until, when he reached the rear side of al-Baida', he said: There is one command both for Hajj and Umra. so bear witness. Ibn Rumh said: I call you as witness that I have undertaken to perform my Hajjalong with my Umra (i. e. I am performing both of them as Qiran), and he offered the sacrifice of animals which he had bought at Qudaid. He then proceeded pronouncing Talbiya for both of them together until he reached Mecca, He circumambulated the House. and (ran) between al-Safa' and al-Marwa and made no addition to it. He neither sacrificed the animal, nor got his head shaved, nor got his hair clipped, nor did he make anything lawful which was unlawful (due to Ihram) until it was the Day of Sacrifice (10th of Dhu'l-Hijja). He then offered sacrifice, and got his hair cut, and saw that circumambulation of Hajj and 'Umra was complete with the first circumambulation. Ibn 'Umar said: This is how Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had done.
This hadith has been narrated from Ibn Umar through another chain of transmitters except with (this variation) that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) was mentioned in the first part of the hadith,. i. e. when it was said to him: They would bar you (from going) to the House. He said: In that, case I would do what Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had done. He did not mention at the end of this hadith (i. e. these words):" This is how the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) had done," as it Is narrated by al-Laith.
Chapter 24: IFRAD AND QIRAN (COMBINING HAJJ AND 'UMRA UNDER ONE IHRAM) DURING THE PERFORMANCE OF PILGRIMAGE
Nafi' thus reported on the authority of Ibn Umar: We entered into the state of Ihram with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) for Hajj Mufrad and in the narration of Ibn 'Aun (the words are):" Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) entered into the state of Ihram (with the intention) of Hajj Mufrad."
Anas (Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard Allah's Apostle (way peace be upon him) pronouncing Talbiya for both Hajj and Umra. Bakr (one of the narrators) said: I narrated it to Ibn 'Umar, whereupon he said: He (the Holy Prophet) pronounced the Talbiya for Hajj alone. I met Anas and narrated to him the words of Ibn 'Umar, whereupon he said: You treat us not but only as children. I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) pronouncing Talbiya both for 'Umra and Hajj.
Bakr b. 'Abdullah reported: Anas (Allah be pleased with him) had narrated to us that he saw Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) combining Hajj and 'Umra. He (Bakr) said: I asked (about it) from Ibn 'Umar, whereupon he said: We entered into the state of Ihram for Hajj (only). I came to Anas and told him what Ibn Umar had said, whereupon he remarked: (You are treating us) as if we were children.
Chapter 25: WHAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR HIM WHO ENTERS INTO THE STATE OF IHRAM FOR HAJJ AND THEN COMES TO MECCA FOR CIRCUMAMBULATION AND RUNNING
Wabara reported: While I was sitting in the company of Ibn 'Umar, a person came to him and said: Is it right for me to circumambulate the House before I come to stay (at 'Arafat)? Ibn 'Umar said: Yes. whereupon he said: Ibn Abbas, however, says: Do not circumambulate the House until you come to stay at 'Arafat. Thereupon Ibn 'Umar said: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) Performed the Hajj and circumambulated the House before coming to stay (at 'Arafat). If you say the Truth, is it more rightful to follow the saying of the Prophet (may peace be upon him) or the words of Ibn Abbas?
Wabara reported: A person asked Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with him): May I circumambulate the House, whereas I have entered-into the state of Ihram for Hajj? Thereupon he said: What prevents you from doing it? He said: I saw the son of so and so showing disapproval of it, and you are dearer to us as compared with him. And we see that he is allured by the world, whereupon he said: Who amongst you and us is not allured by the world? And said (further) ': 'We saw that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) put on Ihram for Hajj and circumambulated the House and run between al Safa' and al-Marwa. And the way prescribed by Allah and that prescribed by His Apostle (may peace be upon him) deserve more to be followed than the way shown by so and so, if you speak the truth.
Amr b. Dinar said: We asked Ibn Umar about a person who came for Umra and circumambulated the House, but he did not run between al-Safa' and al-Marwa, whether he is allowed to (put off Ihram) and have intercourse with his wife. He replied: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) circumambulated the House seven times and offered two rak'ahs of prayer after staying (at 'Arafat), and ran between al-Safa and al-Marwa seven times." Verily there is in Allah's Messenger a model pattern for you" (xxxill. 21).
This hadith is narrated by another chain of transmitters.
Chapter 26: ONE WHO UNDERTAKES TO PERFORM 'UMRA IS NOT ALLOWED TO PUT OFF IHRAM BEFORF, SA'I AND THE PILGRIM AND THE (QIRAN) IS NOT ALLOWED TO PUT OFF IHRAM AT TAWAF QUDUM CIRCUMAMBULATION OF ARRIVAL)
Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman reported: A person from Iraq said to him to inquire from 'Urwa b. Zubair for him whether a person who puts on Ihram for Hajj is allowed to put it off or not as he circumambulates the House. And if he says:" No, it can't be put off," then tell him that there is a person who makes such an assertion. He (Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman) then said: I asked him ( Urwa b. Zubair), where- upon he said: The person who has entered into the state of Ihram for Hajj cannot get out of it unless he has, completed the Hajj I (further) said (to him): (What) if a person makes that assertion? Thereupon he said: It is indeed unfortunate that he makes such an assertion. That person ('Iraqi) then met me and he asked me and I narrated to him (the reply of 'Urwa), whereupon he (the Iraqi) said: Tell him ('Urwa) that a person had informed him that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had done that; and why is it that Asma' and Zubair have done like this? He (Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman) said: I went to him and made a mention of that to him, whereupon he ('Urwa) said: Who is he (the 'Iraqi)? I said: I do not know, whereupon he said: What is the matter that he does not come to me himself and ask me? I suppose he is an 'Iraqi. I said: I do not know, whereupon he said: He has told a lie. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) performed Hajj, and 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) has told me that the first thing with which he commenced (the rituals) when he arrived at Mecca was that he performed ablution and then circumambulated the Ka'ba. Then Abu Bakr performed Hajj and the first thing with which he commenced (the Hajj) as the circumambulation of the Ka'ba and nothing besides it. So did 'Umar. Then 'Uthman performed Hajj and I saw that the first thing with which he commenced the Hajj was the circumambulation of the Ka'ba and nothing besides it. Then Mu'awiya and Abdullah b. 'Umar did that. Then I performed Hajj with my father Zubair b. al-'Awwam, and the first thing with which he commenced (Hajj) was the circumambulation of the House. He then did nothing besides it. I then saw the emigrants (Muhajirin) and the helpers (Ansar) doing like this and nothing besides it. And the last one whom I saw doing like this was Ibn 'Umar. And he did not break it (the Hajj) after performing 'Umra. And Ibn 'Umar is with them. Why don't they ask him (to testify it)? And none amongst those who had passed away commenced (the rituals of Hajj) but by circumambulating the Ka'ba on their (first arrival) and they did not put off Ihram (without completing the Hajj), and I saw my mother and my aunt commencing (their Hajj) with the circumambulation of the House, and they did not put off Ihram. My mother informed me that she came and her sister, and Zubair and so and so for 'Umra, and when they had kissed the corner (the Black Stone, after Sa'i and circumambulation), they put off Ihram. And he (the 'Iraqi) has told a lie in this matter.
Asma bint Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with both of them) reported: We set out (to Mecca) in a state of Ihram. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: He who has the sacrificial animal with him should remain in the state of Ihram, but he who has not the sacrificial animal with him should put off Ihram. As I had not the sacrificial animal with me, I put off Ihram. And since Zubair (her husband) - had the sacrificial animal with him, he did not put off Ihram. She (Asma) said: I put on my clothes and then went out and sat by Zabair, whereupon he said: Go away from me, whereupon I said: Do you fear that I would jump upon you?
Asma bint Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with th (m) said: We came for Hajj in the state of Ihram with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). The rest of the hadith is the same except (for the words) that he (Zubair) said: Keep away from me, keep away from me, whereupon I said: Do you fear that I will jump upon you?
Abdullah, the freed slave of Asma' bint Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with them), narrated that he used to hear Asma, ' whenever she passed by Hajun, saying (these words):" May there be peace and blessing of Allah upon His Messenger." We used to stay here along with him with light burdens. Few were our rides, and small were our provisions. I performed 'Umra and so did my sister 'A'isha, and Zubair and so and so. And as we touched the House (performed circumambulation and Sa'i) we put off Ihram, and then again put on Ihram in the afternoon for Hajj. Harun (one of the narrators) in one of the narrations said: The freed slave of Asma' and he did not mention 'Abdullah.
Chapter 27: CONCERNING TAMATTU' IN HAJJ
Muslim al-Qurri reported: I asked Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) about Tamattu' in Hajj and he permitted it, whereas Ibn Zubair had forbidden it. He (Ibn 'Abbas) said: This is the mother of Ibn Zubair who states that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had permitted it, so you better go to her and ask her about it. He (Muslim al-Qurri said): So we went to her and she was a bulky blind lady and she said: Verily Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) permitted it.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters, but with a slight variation of words.
Muslim al-Qurri heardlbn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) saying that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) entered into the state of Ihram for Umra and his Companions for Hajj. Neither Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) nor those among his Companions who had brought sacrificial animals with them put off Ihram, whereas the rest (of the pilgrims) did so. Talha b. Ubaidullah was one of those who had brought the sacrificial animals along with them so he did not put off Ihram.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters but with this variation (of words):" Talha and another person also were among those who had not brought the sacrificial animals with them and so they put off Ihram."
Chapter 28: PERMISSIBILITY OF 'UMRA DURING THE MONTHS OF HAJJ
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that they (the Arabs of pre-Islamic days) looked upon Umra during the months of Hajj as the greatest of sins on the earth. So they intercalated the month of Muharram for Safar and said: When the backs of their camels would become all right and traces (if the pilgrims) would be effaced (from the paths) and the month of Safar would be over, then Umra would be permissible for one who wants to perform it. When Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and his Companions came in the state of Ihram for performing Hajj on the fourth (of Dhu'l-Hijja) he (Allah's Apostle) commanded them to change their state of Ihram (from Hajj) to that of 'Umra. It was something inconceivable for them. So they said: Messenger of Allah, is it a complete freedom (of the obligation) of Ihram? Thereupon he said: It is a complete freedom (from Ihram).
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) 'is reported to have said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) put on Ihigm for Hajj. When four days of Dhu'l-Hijja were over, he led the dawn prayer, and when the prayer was complete, he said: He who wants to change it to Umra may do so.
Rauh and Yahya b. Kathir narrated as Nasr reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) entered into the state of Ihram for Hajj. And in the narration of Abu Shihab (the words are): We went out with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) pronouncing Talbiya for Hajj, And in an the ahadith (narrated in this connection the words are): He led the morning prayer at al-Batha', except al- jahdami who did not make mention of it.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came along with his Companions when four days had passed out of ten days (of Dhu'l-Hijja) and they were pronouncing Talbiya for Hajj, and he (the Holy Prophet) commanded them to change (this Ihram) into that of 'Umra.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observed the morning prayer at Dhu Tawa (a valley near Mecca) and arrived (in Mecca) when four days of Dhul-Hijja had passed and he commanded his Companions that they should change their Ihram (of Hajj) to that of Umra, except those who had brought sacrificial animals with them.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: This is the 'Umra of which we have taken advantage. So he who has not the sacrificial animal with him should get out of the state of Ihram completely, for 'Umra has been incorporated in Hajj until the Day of Resurrection,
Abu Jam at al-Dubu'i reported: I performed Tamattu' but the people dis- couraged me to do so. I came to Ibn 'Abbas and asked him about it. He ordered me to do so. I came to the House (Ka'ba) and slept. I saw a visitant in the dream who said: 'Umra is acceptable and so is the Hajj performed for God's sake. I came to Ibn Abbas and informed him about that Which I saw in the dream whereupon he said: Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest This is the Sunnah of Abu'l-Qasim (the Holy Pro- phet) (may peace be upon him).
Chapter 29: GARLANDING THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMALS, AND MARKING THEM
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observed the Zuhr prayer at Dhu'l-Hulaifa; then called for his she-camel and marked it on the right side of its bump, removed the blood from it, and tied two sandals round its neck. He then mounted his camel, and when it brought him up to al-Baida', he pronounced Talbiya for the Pilgrimage.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Qatada with the same chain of transmitters but with this variation (of words):" When Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) came to Dhu'l-Hulaifa" and he made no mention (of the fact) that he led the Zuhr prayer.
Chapter 30: SAYING OF PEOPLE TO IBN 'ABBAS: WHAT IS THIS RELIGIOUS VERDICT OF YOURS THAT HAS ENGAGED THE ATTENTION OF THE PEOPLE?
Abu Hassan al-A'raj reported that a person from Bani Hujaim said to Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them): What is this religious verdict of yours which has engaged the attention of the people or which has become a matter of dispute among them that he who circumambulated the House can be free from Ihram? Thereupon he said: That is the Sunnah of your Apostle (may peace be upon him), even though you may not approve of it.
Abu Hassan reported: It was said to Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) that this affair had engaged the attention of the people that he who circumambu- lates the House was permitted to circumambulate for Umra (even though he was in a state of Ihram for Hajj), whereupon he said: That is the Sunnah of your Apostle (may peace be upon him), even though you may not approve of it.
Ata' said: Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) used to say that a pilgrim or non-pilgrim (one performing 'Umar) who circumambulates the House is free from the responsibility of Ihram. I (Ibn Juraij, one of the narrators) said to 'Ata': On what authority does he (Ibn Abbas) say this? He said: On the authority uf Allah's words:" Then their place of sacrifice is the Ancient House" (al-Qur'an, xxii. 33). I said: It concerns the time after staying at 'Arafat, whereupon he said: Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) had stated (that the place of sacrifice is the Ancient House) ; it way be after staying at 'Arafat or before (staying there). And he (Ibn Abbas) made this deduction I from the command of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) when he had ordered to put off Ihram on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage.
Chapter 31: CLIPPING OF HAIR IN 'UMRA
Ibn Abbas reported that Mu'awiya had said to them: Do you know that I clipped some hair from the head of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) at al- Marwa with the help of a clipper? I said: I do not know it except as it verdict against you.
Ibn Abbis (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Mu'awiya b. Abu Safyin had told him: I clipped the hair (from the head of) Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him) with a clipper while he was at al-Marwa, or I saw him getting his hair clipped with a clipper as he was at al-Marwa. 1722
Chapter 32: TALBIYA OF THE APOSTLE, (MAY PEACE BE UPON HIM) AND HIS SACRIFICE
Abu Sa'id (Allah be pleased with him) reported: We went out with Allah's messenger (may peace be upon him) pronouncing loudly the Talbiya for Hajj When we came to Mecca, he commanded us that we should change this (Ibrim for Hajj) to that of Umra except one who had brought the sacrificial animal with him. When it was the day of Tarwiya (8th of Dhu'l-Hijja) and we went to Mini, we (again) pronounced Talbiya for Hajj.
jibir and Abil Salld al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with them) reported: We went with Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and we were pronouncing Talbiya for Hajj loudly.
Abd Nadra reported: While I was in the company of Jibir, a person came and said: There is difference of opinion amomg Ibn Abbas and Ibn Zubair about two Mut'as (benefits, Tamattul in Hajj and temporary marriage with women), whereupon jibir said: We have been doing this during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him), and then 'Umar forbade us to do so, and we never resorted to them.
Anas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that 'All (Allah be pleased with him) came from the Yemen, and the Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: With (what intention) have you put on Ihram? He said: I have put on Ibram in accordance with the intention with which Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) has put on Ibram, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Had there not been the sacrificial animals with me, I would have put off Ibram (after performing 'Umra). This hadith is narrated by Salim b. Hayyin with the same chain of transmitters, but with a slight variation of words.
Anas (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) pronouncing Talbiya for both simultaneously, Talbiya for 'Umra and Hajj. Talbiya for Uwra and Hajj (he performed both Hajj and Umra as a Qarin). In another version words are: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) pronouncing Talbiya for Umra and Hajj (simultaneously)."
Hanzala al-Aslami reported: I heard Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) as narrating from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) who said: By Him in Whose Hand is my life. Ibn Maryam (Jesus Christ) would certainly pronounce Talbiya for Hajj or for Umra or for both (simultaneously as a Qiran) In the valley of Rauha
Hanzala b. 'Ali al-Aslaml reported that he had heard Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) as saying that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) bed said: By Him In Whose Hand is my life; the rest of the hadith is the same.
Chapter 33: CONCERNING THE UMRAS PERFORMED BY ALLAH'S APOSTLE (MAY PEACE BE UPON HIM) AND THEIR RESPECTIVE TIMES
Qatida saia. that Anas (Allah be pleased with him) had informed him that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) performed four 'Umras, all during the month of Dhu'l-Qa'da except the one he performed along with Hajj (and these are) the Umra that he performed from al-Hudaibiya or during the time of (the truce of) Hudaibiya in the month of Dhu'l-Qa'da then the Umra of the next year in the month of Dhu'l-Qa'da, then the Umra for which b'e had started from ji'rana, the place where he distributed the spoils of (the battle of) Hunain in the month of Dhu'l-Qa'da, and then the 'Umra that he performed along with his Hajj (on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage).
Qatida said: I asked Anas (Allah be pleased with him) as to bow many Pilgrimages had been performed by Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and he replied: One Hajj and four 'Umras were performed by him. The rest of the badith is the same.
Abu lshaq said: I asked Zaid b. Arqam: In how many military expeditions have you participated with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)? He said: In seventeen (expeditions). He (Abu Ishaq) said: Zaid b. Arqam reported to me that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had led nineteen expeditions. And he performed Hajj only once after Migration, and that was the Farewell Pilgrimage. Abu Ishaq also said: The second (Hajj) he performed at Mecca (before his Migration to Medina)
'Ataa reported that 'Urwa b. Zubair (Allah be pleased with him) had informed him (this): I and Ibn 'Umar were reclining against the (wall) of the apartment of A'isha and we were listening to the sound produced by the brushing of her teeth. I said Abu Abd al-Rahman (the kunya of 'Abdullah b. Umar), did Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) perform 'Umra in the month of Rijab? He said: Yes. I said to 'A'isha: Mother, are you listening to what Abu Abd al-Rabman is saying? She said: What is he Saying? I said: He is saying that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) performed 'Umra during the month of Rajab, whereupon she said: May Allah grant pardon to Abu Abd al-Rahman I By my life he (the Holy Prophet) did not perform 'Umra during the month of Rajab. And never was there an Umra performed by him (the Holy Prophet) in which he ('Abdullah b. 'Umar) did not join him. Ibn 'Umar heard this and said nothing to affirm It or to deny it, but kept quiet.
Mujihid reported: I and 'Urwa h Zubair entered the mosque and there found 'Abdullah b. 'Umar sitting near the apartment of IA'isha and the people were observing the forenood" prayer (when the sun bad sufficiently risen). We asked him about their prayer, and he said: It is bid'a (innovation), Urwa said to him: Abd al-Rahman, how many, 'Umras had Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) performed? He said: Four Umras, one he performed during the month of Rajab. We were reluctant either to belie him or reject him. We heard the noise of brushing of her teeth by 'A'isha in her apartment. 'Urwa said: Mother of the Faithful, are you not hearing what Abfi 'Abd al-Rahman is saying? She said: What is he saying? Thereupon he ('Urwa) said: He (Ibn 'Umar) states that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) performed four Umras and one of them during the month of Rajab. Thereupon she remarked: May Allah have merely upon Abu 'Abd al-Rahman. Never did Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) perform 'Umra in which he did not accompany him, and he (Allah's Apostle) never performed 'Umra during the month of Rajab.
Chapter 34: EXCELLENCE OF PERFORMING 'UMRA IN THE MONTH OF RAMADAN
Ataa reported: I heard Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) narrating to us that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to a woman of the Ansar (Ibn Abbas had mentioned her name but I have forgotten it): 'What has prevented you that you do not perform Hajj along with us? She said: We have only two camels for carrying water. One of the camels has been taken by my husband and my son for performing Hajj and one has been left for us for carrying water, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: So when the month of Ramadan come, perform Umra, for'Umra in this (month) is equal to Hajj (in reward).
Ibn Abbis reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said to a woman of the Ansar who was called Umm Sinan: What has prevented you that you did not perform Hajj with us? She said: The father of so and so (i. e. her husband) had only two camels. One of them had been taken away by him (my busbard) and his son for Hajj, whereas the other one is used by our boy to carry water. Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) said: Umra during the month of Rawadin would suffice for Hajj or Hajj along with me.
Chapter 35: EXCELLENCE OF ENTRY INTO MECCA FROM THE UPPER SIDE AND EXIT FROM IT FROM THE LOWER SIDE, AND EN FERING THE TOWN FROM THE SIDE OTHER THAN THAT FROM WHICH. ONE GETS OUT
Ibn 'Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) used to come out (of Medina) by way of al-Shajarah and entered it by the way of al-Mu'arras and whenever he entered Mecca, he entered it from the upper side and went out of it from the lower side. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Ubaidullah with the same chain of transmitters and in the narration transmitted by Zubair (it is mentioned) that the upper side is that'which is at al-Batha
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that when Allah's Messenger may peace be upon him) came to Mecca he entered from its upper side and came out from its lower side.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) entered Mecca during the year of Victory from Kada I. e. from the upper side. Hisham said.. My father entered It from both the Fides, but generally he entered from Kada.
Chapter 36: EXCELLENCE OF SPENDING THE NIGHT AT DHI TUWA FOR ENTERING MECCA (FOR H. Ajj) AND GETTING l@TO IT AFTER A BATH AND ENTERING DURING THE DAY
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger may peace be upon him) spent the night at Dhi Tuwa till it was dawn and then entered Mecca. 'Abdullah (b. 'Umar) himself did like it. And in the narration transmitted by Ibn Sa'ld (the words are): Until he obrerved the dawn prayer. Yahya (another narrator) said: Until it was dawn.
Nafi' reported that Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) did not enter Mecca without spending the night at Dhi Tawu until it was dawn, when he took a bath, and then entered Mecca in the morning, and made a mention that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) did that.
Abdullah (b. 'Umar) reported that whenever Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) entered Mecca, he got down at Dhi Tuwa and spend the night there until he observed the dawn prayer. And Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observed this prayer on a rough hillock, and not in the mosque which had been then built there, but to the lower side of it (the mosque) on a hillock.
Nafi' reported that Abdullah (b. 'Umar) informed him that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) turned his face to the two hillocks which intervened between him and the long mountain by the side of the Ka'ba, and the mosque which had been built there was thus on the left of the hillock. Allah's Messenger's (may peace be upon him) place of prayer was lower than the black hillock, at a distance of ten cubits or near it. He (may peace be upon him) would then observe prayer facing these two hillocks of the long mountain that is intervening between you and the Ka'ba.
Chapter 37: EXCELLENCE OF WALKING AT A QUICK PACE IN TAWAF IN 'UMRA AND ON THE OCCASION OF FIRST TAWAF IN HAJJ
Nafi' reported on the authority of Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) that when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) circumambulated the House, while observing the first circumambulation, he walked swiftly in three (circuits), and walked in four circuits, and ran in the bottom of the valley as he moved between al-Safa and al-Marwa. Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) also used to do like this.
Ibn'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that when Allah's messenger (may peace be upon him) circumambulated in Hajj and Umra he walked swiftly in the first three circuit about the House, and then walked in four circuits, and then observed two rak'ahs of prayer, and then ran between al-Safa and al-Marwa.
Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I saw that when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to Mecca and kissed the Black Stone, (in the first circumambulation) he moved quickly in three circuits out of seven circuits.
Nafi' reported on the authority of Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) that Allaws Messenger (may peace be upon him) walked swiftly from stone to stone in three circuits and walked (normally) in four.
Nafi' reported that Ibn Umar (Allah he pleased with them) walked swiftly from stone to stone, and stated that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) did like this.
jabir b. Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I saw Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) walking swiftly from the Black Stone till he completed three circuits up to it.
Jabir b." Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) walked swiftly in three circuitsfrom stone to stone.
Abu Tufail reported: I said to Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them): Do you think that walking swiftly round the House in three circuits, and just walking in four circuits is the Sunnah (of the Holy Prophet), for your people say that it is Sunnah? Thereupon he (Ibn 'Abbas) said: They have told the truth and the lie (too). I said: What do your words" They have told the truth and the lie (too)" imply? Thereupon he said: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to Mecca and the polytheists said that Mubammad and his Companions had emaciated and would, therefore, be unable to circumambulate the House; and they felt jealous of him (the Holy Prophet). (It was due to this) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded them to walk swiftly in three (circuits) and walk (normally) in four. I said to him: Inform me if it is Sunnah to observe Tawaf between al-Safa and al-Marwa while riding, for your people look upon it as Sunnah. He (Ibn Abbas) said: They have told the truth and the lie too. I said: What do your words" They have told the truth and the lie tool, iMply? He said: as Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had come to Mecca, there was such a large gathering of people around him that even the virgins had come out of their houses (to catch a glimpse of his face). and they were saying: He is Muhammad; He is Muhammad. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) (was so gentle and kind) that the people were not beaten back (to make way) in front of him. When there was a; throng (of people) around him, he rode (the she-camel) but walking and trotting is, however, better.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of jurairi with the same chain of transmitters but with a slight variation of words (and this is) that he (the narrator) did not say:" They felt jealous of him. but said: The people of Mecca, were jealous people."
Abu Tufail reported: I said to Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them): People are of the view that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) moved quickly round the House and between al-Safa and al-Marwa, and (thus) it is Sunnah. He said: They told the truth and they told the lie.
Abu Tufail reported; I. said to Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them): I think that I saw Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). He (Ibn 'Abbis) said' Give a description of him to me. I said: I saw him near al-Marwa on the back of a she- camel, and people had thronged around him. Thereupon Ibn'Abbis said: It was Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) for they (the Compainions of the Holy Prophet) were neither pushed aside from him, nor were they turned away.
Ibn 'Abbas (At lab be pleased with them) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and his Companions came to Mecca and the fever in Medina had weakened them. Thereupon the polytheists (of Mecca) said: There would come to you a people whom the fever has made weak and they have suffered severely from it. They sat in Hatim. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) commanded them to walk quickly ift three circuits and walk (in four) between the two corners. so that the polytheists should. see their endurance. The polytheists then said (to one anothery You were under the impression that fever had emaciated them. whereas they are stronger than so and so. Ibn Abbas said: He (the Holy Prophet) did not command them (the Muslims) to walk quickly in all the circuits out of kindness to them.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Allah. 's Messenger (peace be upon him) observed Sa'i and walked quickly round the House with a view to showing his strength to the polytheists.
Chapter 38: EXCELLENCE OF TOUCHING THE TWO CORNERS (RUKNAIN AL-YAMANITYAIN) IN 'FAWAF
Ahdullah b. Umar (reported) that he had not seen Allah's Messenger (way peace he upon him) touching anything in the House, except the two Yamani corners.
Salim reported on the authority of his father (Allah he pleased with him) that Allah'& Messenger (tinny peace be upon him) did not touch any of the corners of the House. except that of Black Corner (in which the Black Stone is embedded and that (portion) near it, towards the houses of the tribe of jumuhi.
Nafi' reported on the authority of 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with him) that Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) did not touch but the Stone and the Yamani corner.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I have not abandoned touching of Yamani corners (and kissing of) the Stone since I saw Allah's messneger (may peace be upon him) touching them both In hardship and ease.
NAfi' (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I saw'lbn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) touching the Stone with his hand and then kissing his hand. and he said: I have never abandoned it since I saw Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) doing It.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) is reported to have said that he did not see Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) touching other than the Yamani corners.
Chapter 39: EXCEI, LENCE OF KISSING THE BLACK STONE WHILE CIRCUMAMBULATING
Salim narrated on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with him) that 'Umar b. al-Khattib (Allah be pleased with him) kissed (the Black Stone) and then said: By Allah, I know that you are a stone and if I were not to see Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) kissing you, I would not have kissed you. Harun said in his narration: A hadith like this has been transmitted to me by Zaid b. Aslam on the authority of his father Aslam.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Umar (Allah be pleased with him) kissed the Stone and said: I am kissing you, whereas I know that you are a stone, but I saw Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) kissing you (that Is why I kiss you).
Abdullah b. Sarjis reported: I saw the bald one, i. e. 'Umar b. Khattib (Allah be pleased with him). kissing the Stone and saying: By Allah. I am kissing with full consciousness of the fact that you are a stone and that you can neither do any harm nor good; and if I had not seen Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) kissing you. I would not have kissed you. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Abis b. Rabi'a reported: I saw 'Umar (Allah'be pleased with him) kissing the Stone and saying: I am kissing you and I know that you are a stone. And if I had not seen Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) kissing you, I would not have kissed you.
Suwaid b. Ghafala reported: I saw Umar (Allah be pleased with him) kissing the Stone and clinging to it and saying: 1 saw Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) having great love for you. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Sufyin with the same chain of transmitters (and the words are):" That he ('Umar) said: But I saw Abu'l-Qasim (way peace be upon him) having great love for you." And he did not'mention about clinging to it.
Chapter 40: IT IS PERMISSIBLE TO OBSERVE TAWAF ON THE BACK OF A CAMEL OR ANY OTHER RIDING BEAST, AND TO TOUCH THE BLACK STONE WITH A STICK
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) circumambulated the House on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage on the back of his camel and touched the Corner (of Black Stone) with a stick.
Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) circumambulated the House on the back of his riding camel on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage and touched the Stone with his stick so that the people should see him, and he should be conspicuous, and they should be able to ask him (questions pertaining to religion) as the people had crowded round him.
jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) circumambulated the House (and ran) between al-Safa and al-Marwa on the back of his she-camel, at the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage. so that the people should see him and he should be conspicuous, and they should be able to ask him (questions pertaining to religion), and the people had crowded round him. In the hadith transmitted on the authority of Ibn Khashram no mention Is made of:" So that they should ask him."
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) circumambulated the Ka'ba on the back of his camel on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage and touched the corner and he did not like that the people should be pushed away from him.
Abu Tufail reported: I saw Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) circumambulating the House. and touching the corner with a stick that he had with him, and then kissing the stick.
Umm Salama reported: I made a complaint to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) of my ailment, whereupon be said: Circumambulate behind the people while riding. She said: So I circumambulated and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) was at that time praying towards the side of the House and he was reciting al-Tur and a Book Inscribed (i. e. Sura Iii. of the Qur'un).
Chapter 41: SA'I BETWEEN AL-SAFA' AND AL-MARWA IS AN ESSENTIAL RITE OF HAJJ AND HAJJ IS NOT COMPLETE WITHOUT IT
Hisham b. 'Urwa reported on the authority of his father who narrated from 'A'isha. He said to 'A'isha: I think if a person does not run between al- Safa' and al-Marwa, It does not do any harm to him (so far as Hajj is concerned). She said: Why (do you think so)? I said: For Allah says:" Verily al-Safa' and al-Marwa are among the Signs of Allah" (ii. 158) (to the end of the verse), whereupon she said: Allah does not complete the Hajj of a person or his Umra if he does not observe Sa'i between al-Safa' and al-marwa; and if it were so as you state, then (the wording would have been (fala janah an la yatufu biha) [" There is no harm for him if he does not circumambulate between them']. Do you know in what context (this verse was revealed)? (It was revealed in this context) that the Ansar in the Days of Ignorance pronounced the Talbiya for two idols. (fixedl on the bank of the river which were called Isaf and Na'ila. The people went there, and then circumambulated between al-Safa' and al-Marwa and then got their heads shaved. With the advent of Islam they (the Muslims) did not like to circumambulate between them as they used to do during the Days of Ignorance. It was on account of this that Allah. the Exalted and Majestic, revealed:" Verily al-Safe and al-Marwa are among the Signs of Allah" to the end of the verse. She said: Then people began to observe Sa'i.
Hisham b. 'Urwa narrated on the authority of his father who reported: I said to 'A'isha: I do not see any harm to me if I do not circumambulate betweez al-Safa' and al-Marwa. She said: On what ground do you say so? (I said: ) Since Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, says:" Verily al-Safa' and al-Marwa are among the Signs of Allah." It (your assertion) were (correct), it would have been said like this:" There is no harm for him, that he should not circumambulate between them." It (this verse) has been revealed about the people of Ansar. Whenever they pronounced the Talbiya, they pronounced it in the name of al-Manat during the Days of Ignorance; so they (thought) that it was not permissible for them (for the Muslims) to circumambulate between and al-Marwa. When they (the Muslims) came with Allah's Apostle (may peace he upon him) for Hajj, they mentioned it to him. So Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, revealed this verse. By my life, Allah will not complete the Hajj of one who has not circumambulated between al-Safa and al-Marwa.
'Urwa b. Zabair reported: I said to 'A'isha, the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him): I do not see any (fault) in one who does not circumambl" te between al-Safa' and al-Marwa, and I do not mind if I do not circumambulate between them, whereupon she said: O, the son of my sister, what you say is wrong. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observed Sa'i and so did the Muslims. So it is a Sunnah (of the Prophet). And it was a common practice (with the pagan Arabs) that those who pronounced Talbiya for the wretched al-Manat, situated at Mushalla, did not observe Sa'i between al-Safa' and al-Marwa. With the advent of Islam, we asked Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) about this practice, and (it was on this occasion) that Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, revealed this verse:" Verily al-Safa' and al-Marwa are among the Signs of Allah" ; so he who performed Hajj or 'Umra it is no sin on him if he circumambulates them. And if it were as you state, (then the wording would have been):" There is no harm for him, that he should not circumambulate round them." Zuhri said: I made a mention of that to Abu Bakr b. 'Abd al- Rahman b. al-Harith b. Hisham; he was impressed by that and said: This is what is called knowledge. And I have heard many a scholar saying: Many of the Arabs who did not circumambulate between al-Safa' and al-Marwa caid: Our circumambulation between these two hills is an act of ignorance; whereas others among the Ansar said: We have been commanded to circumambulate the House, and not Commanded to run between al-Safa' and al-Marwa. So Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, revealed thia verse:" Verily al-Safa' and al-Marwa are among the Signs of Allah." Abu Bakr b. 'Abd al-Rahman said: I think that this (verse) has been revealed for such and such (persons).
'Urwa b. Zubair reported: I asked 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) ; the rest of the hadith is the same. And in this hadith (these words are also found):" When they (the Companions of the Holy Prophet) asked Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) about this, they said: Messenger of Allah, we felt reluctant to circumambulate between al-Safa' and al-Marwa. Then Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, revealed this verse:" Verily al-Safa' and al-Marwa are among the Signs of. Allah so he who perform Hajj or Umra it is no sin on him if he should circumambulate between them. 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) laid down this Sa'i between them as Sunnah (of the Holy Prophet). So it is not advisable for anyone to abandon this Sa'i between them.
'Urwa b. Zabair narrated on the authority of 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) who informed him that the Ansar and the people of the tribe of Ghassan before embracing Islam pronounced Talbiya for Manat, and so they avoided circumambulating between al-Safa' and al-Marwa, and it was a common practice with their forefather, that he who put on Ihram for Manat did not circumambulate between al-Safa' and al-Marwa. And when they embraced Islam, they asked Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) about it, and then Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, revealed this verse:" Verily al-Safa' and al-Marwa are among the Signs of Allah" ; so he who performs Hajj or Umra, for him there is no harm if he should circumambulate between them, and he who does good spontaneously-surely Allah is Bountiful in rewarding and Knowing.
Anas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Ansar felt reluctant that they should circumambulate between al-Safa' and al-Marwa until it was revealed:" Verily al-Safa' and al-Marwa are among the Signs of Allah" ; so whoever performs Hajj or 'Umra, for him there is no harm that he should circumambulate between them.
Chapter 42: SA'I SHOULD NOT BE REPEATED
Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and his Companions did not observe Sa'i between al-Safa' and al-Marwa but only one Sa'i.
Ibn Juraij reported on the same authority a hadith like that, and said: But one Tawaf and that was the first Tawaf.
Chapter 43: THE PILGRIM SHOULD CONTINUE TO PRONOUNCE TALBIYA UNTIL THE STONING OF JAMRAT AL-'AQABA ON THE DAY OF SACRIFICE (10TH OF DHU'L-HIJJA)
Usama b. Zaid (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was sitting behind Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on the riding animal from 'Arafat. As Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) reached the left side of the mountain which was situated near Muzdalifa, he made the camel kneel down and made water and then came back. I poured water and he, performed light ablution. I then said: Messenger of Allah, it is time for prayer. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: The prayer awaits you (at the next station, Muzdalifa). Allah's Messenger (may peaced be upon him) rode on until he came to Muzdalifa and observed prayer. Then al-Fadl (Allah be pleased with him) sat behind Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and reached (Muzdalifa) in the morning. Kuraib said: 'Abdullah b. 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) narrated from al-Fadl (Allah be pleased with him) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) continued pronouncing Talbiya until he reached al-Jamara (al-'Aqaba).
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) made al-Fadl sit behind him (on the camel back) from the place (where the two prayers) are combined (Muzdalifa). Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) also informed that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) did not stop pronouncing Talbiya till he threw pebbles at Jamrat al-'Aqaba.
Ibn 'Abbas narrated from al-Fadl b. Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) who sat behind Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) that he (the Holy Prophet) said to the people on the evening of 'Arafa and on the morning to the gathering of people (at Muzdalifa) as they were pushing on to proceed slowly. And he himself drove his she-camel with restraint until he entered Muhassir (it is a place in Mina), and further told them to take up pebbles which were to be thrown at Jamra. And Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) continued pronouncing Talbiya till he stoned the Jamra. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abd Zubair with the same chain of transmitters but with this variation that in the hadith no mention is made of (this) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) continued pronouncing Talbiya till he stoned the Jamra, and he made this addition in his hadith:" The Apostle (may peace be upon him) pointed with his hand how a person should catch hold of pebbles (in order to throw them)."
'Abdullah narrated to us as we had gathered (at Muzdalifa): I have heard from one upon whom Surah al-Baqara was revealed (the Holy Prophet) pronouncing Talbiya at this place.
'Abd al-Rahman b. Yazid reported that 'Abdullah (b. Mas'ud) pronounced Talbiya as he returned from the gathering of the people (at Muzdalifa). It was said: He might be a Bedouin (not knowing correctly the rituals of Hajj and, therefore, pronouncing Talbia at this stage), whereupon Abdullah said: Hive the people forgotten (this Sunnah of the Holy Prophet) or have they gone astray? I heard him, upon whom Sibrah al-Baqara was revealed, pronouncing Talbiya at the very place.
'Abd al-Rahman b. Yazid and al-Aswad b. Yazid reported: We heard 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud saying to the gathering of people (at Muzdalifa) that he had heard Talbiya from him, upon whom Surah al-Baqara was revealed, at this very place. And so he ('Abdullah b. Mas'ud) pronounced Talbiya and we also pronounced it with him.
Chapter 44: PRONOUNCING OF TALBIYA AND TAKBIR WHILE GOING FROM MINA TO'ARAFAT ON THE DAY OF 'ARAFA
'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with them). He said: As we proceeded in the morning along with AUbs Messenger (may peace be upon him) from Mina to 'Arafat, some of us prounced Talbiya, and some pronounced Takbir (Allah-o-Akbar).
Abdullah b. 'Umar reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with them): We were along with Allah's Messenger (way peace he upon him) in the morning of 'Arafa (9th of Dhu'l-Hijja). Some of us pronounced Takbir and some of us Tahlil La ilaha ill-Allah). And to those of us who pronounced Takbir, I said: By Allah, how strange it is that you did not care to ask him: What did you see Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) doing (on this occasion)?
Muhammad b. Abu Bakr al-Thaqafi asked Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him), while on their way from Mina to 'Arafa in the morning: What did you do on this day in the company of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)? Thereupon he said: One of us pronounced Tahlil, and he met with no disapproval, and one of us pronounced Takbir, and he also met with no disapproval.
Muhammad b. Abu Bakr reported: I said to Anas b. Malik in the morning of 'Arafa: What do you say as to pronouncing Talbiya on this day? He said: I travelled with Allah's Apostle (may peace he upon him) and his Companions in this journey. Some of us pronounced Takbir and some of us pronounced Tahlil, and none of us found fault with his companion.
Chapter 45: RETURNING FROM 'ARAFAT TO MUZDALIFA AND EXCELLENCE OF OBSERVING SUNSET AND 'ISHA' PRAYERS TOGETHER AT MUZDALIFA
Kuraib, the freed slave of Ibn Abbas, narrated from Usama b. Zaid (Allah be pleased with him) that he had heard him saying: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) proceeded from 'Arafa, and as he approached the creek of a hill, he got down (from his camel) and urinated, and then performed a light ablution. I said to him: Prayer, whereupon he said: The prayer awaits you (at Muzdalifa). So he rode again, and as he came to Muzdalifa, he got down and performed ablution well. Then Iqima was pronounced for prayer, and he 'observed the sunset prayer. Then every person made his camel kneel down there, and then Iqama was pronounced for 'Isha' prayer and he observed it, and he (the Holy Prophet) did not observe any prayer (either Sunan or Nawifil) in between them (He observed the Fard of sunset and 'Isha' prayers successively.)
Usama b. Zaid (Allah be pleased with him) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on his way back from 'Arafat got down in one of these creeks (to answer the call of nature), and after he had done that I poured water (over his hands) and said: Are you going to pray? Thereupon he said: The place of prayer is ahead of you.
Usama b. Zaid (Allah be pleased with him) narrated: AHah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) was on his way back from 'Arafat and as he reached the creek (of a hillock) he got down and urinated (Usama did not say that he poured water), but said: He (the Holy Prophet) called for water and performed ablution, but it was not a thorough one. I said: Messenger of Allah, the prayer! Thereupon he said: Prayer awaits you ahead (at Muzdalifa). He then proceeded, until he reached Muzdalifa and observed sunset and 'Isha' prayers (together) there.
Kuraib reported that he asked Usama b. Zaid (Allah be pleased with him) What did you do in the evening of 'Arafa as you rode behind Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)? He said: We came to a valley where people generally halted their (camels) for the sunset prayer. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) halted his camel and urinated (and he did not say that he had poured water). He then called for water and performed light ablution. I said: Messenger of Allah, the prayer! Thereupon he said: Prayer awaits you (at Muzdalifa). and he rode on until we came to Muzdalifa. Then he offered the sunset prayer. and the people halted their camels at their places, and did not untie them until Iqama was pronounced for the 'Isha' prayer and he observed the prayer, and then they untied (their camels). I said: What did you do in the morning? He said: Al-Fadl b. Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) sat behind him (the Holy Prophet) in the morning, whereas I proceeded on foot with the Quraish who had gone ahead.
Usama b. Zaid (Allah be pleased with him) reported that when Allah's Messenger (may peace jbe upod him) came to the valley where the rich (people of Mecca) used to get down. he got down. and urinated (and he did not mention about pouring water) ; he then called for water and performed a light ablution. I said: Messenger of Allah, the prayer I Thereupon he said: Prayer awaits you ahead.
Usama b. Zaid (Allah be pleased with him) reported that he sat behind Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on his ride as he came back from 'Arafa. And as he came to the valley, he halted his camel, and then went to the wilderness (to urinate). And when he came back, I poured water on him from the jug and he performed ablution, and then rode on until he came to Muzdalifa and there he combined the sunset and 'Isha' prayers.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon, him) came back from 'Arafa and Usama (Allah be pleased with him) was seated behind him. Usama said that he (the Holy Prophet) continued the journey in this very state until he came to Muzdalifa.
Hisham (Allah be pleased with him) reported from his father: Usama (Allah be pleased with him) was asked in my presence or I asked Usama b. Zaid andhe rode behind Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as he came back from 'Arafat. I said (to him): How did Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) journey as he came back from 'Arafat? Thereupon he said: He made it (his riding camel) walk at a slow speed, and when he found an open space, he made it walk briskly.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Urwa with the same chain of transmitters. and in the hadith narrated by Humaid there is an addition (of these words):" Hisham said: Al-nass (speed of camel) is faster than al-'anaq."
Abdullah b. Yazid al-Khatmi reported on the authority of Abu Ayyub (Allah be pleased with him) that he prayed the sunset and 'Isha' prayers (together) at Muzdalifa in the company of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage.
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observed the sunset and 'Isha' prayers together at Muzdalifa.
Ubaidullah b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with them) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) combined the sunset and 'Isha', prayers at Muzdalifa and there was no prostration (i. e. any rak'ahs of Sunan or Nawafil prayers) in between them. He observed three rak'ahs of the sunset prayer and two rak'ahs of the 'Isha' prayer, and 'Abdullah (b. 'Umar) observed the prayers in this very manner (at Muzdalifa) until he met his Lord.
Sa'id b. Jubair reported that he observed the sunset and 'Isha' prayers at Muzdalifa with (one) iqama. He narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) that he observed prayers like this. and Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) narrated that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) did like this. Shu'ba reported this hadith with the same chain of transmitters and said: He (the Holy Prophet) observed the two prayers (together) with one iqama.
Ibn 'Umar rep rte that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) combined the sunset and 'Isha ' prayers at Muzdalifa. He observed three rak'ahs of the sunset prayer and two rak'ahs of the 'Isha' prayer with one Iqama.
Sa'id b. Jubair reported: We came back along with Ibn 'Umar till we reached Muzdalifa. There he led us in the sunset and 'Isha' prayers with one iqama and we then proceeded and he said: This is how Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) led us in prayer at this place.
Chapter 46: EXCELLENCE OF OBSERVING THE DAWN PRAYER AT THE EARLIEST PART OF THE DAWN ON THE 10TH OF DHU'L-HIJJA AT MUZDALIFA
A'bdullah (b. 'Umar) reported: I have never seen Allah's Messenger, (may peace be upon him) but observing the prayers at their appointed times except two players, sunset and 'Isha, ' at Muzdalifa (where he deferred the sunset prayer to combine it with 'Isha' and he observed the dawn prayer before its stipulated time on that day (10th of Dhu'l-Hijja).
This badith has been transmitted by A'mash with a slight variation of words, i. e. he said before its time when it was still dark.
Chapter 47: IT IS EXCELLENT THAT THE AGED AND THE WEAK, ESPECIALLY AMONG THE WOMEN, SHOULD HASTEN FROM MUZDALIFA TO MINA AT THE LATTER PART OF THE NIGHT BEFORE THE PEOPLE MOVE IN MULTITUDE, AND EXCELLENCE OF STAYING THERE FOR OTHERS UNTIL THEY OBSERVE THE DAWN PRAYER AT MUZDALIFA
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Sauda (the wife of the Holy Prophet) who was bulky sought the permission of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on the night of Muzdalifa to move from (that place) ahead of him and before the multitude (set forth). He (Allah's Apostle) gave her the permission. So she set forth before his (Holy Prophet's) departure. But we stayed there until it was dawn and we moved on, when he departed. And if I were to seek the permission of Allah's Messenger. (may peace be upon him) as Sauda had sought permission, I could have also gone with his permission and it would have been better for me than that for which I was happy.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that (hadrat) Sauda was a bulky lady, so she sought permission from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) to proceed from Muzdalifa (to Mina) in the (latter part of the) night. He granted her permission. 'A'isha said: I wish I had also sought permission from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as Sauda had. sought permission from him. 'A'isha did not proceed but with the Imam.
'A'isha said: I wish I had sought permission from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as Sauda had sought, and observed the dawn prayer at Mina and stoned at al-Jamra before the people had come there. It was said to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her): Did Sauda seek permission from him (the Holy Prophet)? She said: Yes. She was a bulky lady and so she sought permission from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) (to proceed to mina from Muzdalifa ahead of him), and he granted her permission.
A hadith like this has been narrated by 'Abd al-Rahman b. al-Qasim with the same chain of transmitters.
Abdullah, the freed slave of (Hadrat) Asma', reported: Asma' (Allah be pleased with her), as she was in the house at Muzdalifa, asked me whether the moon had set. I said: No. She prayed for some time, and again said: My son has the moon set? I said: Yes. And she said: Set forth along with me, and so we set forth until (we reached Mini) and the stoned at al-Jamra. She then prayed in her place. I said to her: Respected lady, we set forth (in the very early part of dawn) when it was dark, whereupon she said: My son, there is no harm in it; Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) had granted permission to women. This hadith has been narrated by Ibn Juraij with the same chain of transmitters, and In his narration (the words are):" She (Asma') said: My son, Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) granted permission to women."
Ibn Shawwal (the freed slave of Umm Habiba) reported that he went to Umm Habiba (the wife of Allah's Apostle) who informed him that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) sent her from Muzdalifa during the night.
It is narrated from Umm Habiba: We used to set forth from Muzdalifa to Mina, (very early in the dawn) when it was dark. And in the narration of Naqid (the words are):" We set from Muzdalifa in the darkness (of the dawn)."
Ibn 'Abbas reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent me from Muzdalifa ahead (of the caravan) along with the luggage or with the weak ones during (the latter part of the) night.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I was among those (i. e. women and children) whom Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent forth with the weak members of his family.
This hadith has been transmitted by Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) with a slight variation of words.
'Ata' reported from Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them): Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent me from Muzdalifa along with his luggage (in the very early part of @he dawn). I (Ibn Juraij, one of the narrators) said (to 'Ati'): Has this (news) reached you that Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) had said:" He (Allah's Messenger) had sent me in the latter part of the night"? Thereupon he said: No, it was the dawn. I (again) said to him: (Did you hear) Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) having said this (too):" We stoned al-Jamra before the dawn prayer"? So where did he observe the dawn prayer? He said: No. But he said only so much (as described above).
Salim b. 'Abdullah reported that 'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) used to send ahead of him the weak members of his household to stay during the night at Mash'ar al-Haram at Muzdalifa. They remembered Allah so long as they could afford, and then they proceeded before the stay of the Imam, and before his return. So some of them reached Mina for the dawn prayer and some of them reached there after that; and as they reached there, they stoned al-Jamra; and Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) used to say: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) has granted this concession to them.
Chapter 48: STONING AT JAMRAT AL-'AQABA FROM THE HEART OF THE VALLEY IN THE STATE THAT MECCA IS ON THE LEFT SIDE AND PRONOUNCING OF TAKBIR WHILE THROWING EVERY PEBBLE
'Abd al-Rahman b. Yazid reported that 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud (Allah be pleased with them) threw seven pebbles at Jamrat al-'Aqaba from the heart of the valley. He pronounced Takbir with every pebble. It was said to him that people fling stones from the upper side (of the valley), whereupon 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud (Allah he pleased with them) said: By him, besides Whom there is no other god, that is the place (of flinging stones) of one upon whom Surah al-Baqara was revealed (the Holy Prophet).
A'mash reported: I heard Hajjaj b. Yusuf saying as he was delivering sermon on the pulpit: Observe the order of the (Holy) Qur'an which has been observed by Gabriel. (Thus state the surahs in this manner)" one in which mention has been made of al-Baqara,"" one in which mention has been made of women (Surah al-Nisa')" and then the surah in which mention has been made of the Family of 'Imrin. He (the (narrator) said: I met Ibrahim and informed him about these words of his (the statement of Hajjaj b. Yusuf). He cursed him and said: Abd al-Rahman b. Yazid has narrated to me that when he was in the company of 'Abdullah b. Mas'udd (Allah be pleased with them) he came to Jamrat al-'Aqaba and then entered the heart of the valley and faced towards it (the Jamra) and then flung seven pebbles at it from the heart of the valley pronouncing Takbir with every pebble. I said: Abu 'Abd al-Rahman, people fling pebbles at it (Jamra) from the upper side, whereupon he said: By Him besides Whom there is no god, that is the place (of flinging pebbles of one) upon whom Surah al-Baqara was revealed;
A'mash reported: I heard Hajjaj saying I Do not say Surah al-Baqara. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Abd al-Rahman b. Yazid reported that he performed Hajj along with 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with him) and he flung seven pebbles at al-Jamra (from a position) that the House was on his left and Mina was on his right and said: That is the place (of flinging pebbles of one) upon whom Surah al-Baqara was revealed.
This hadith nas been narrated on the authority of Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters except with this variation of (words): As he came to Jamrat al-'Aqaba."
Abd al-Rahman b. Yazid reported: It was said to 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with bird) that people threw pebbles at the Jamra from the upper side of 'Aqaba, whereas he threw stones at it from the heart of the valley, whereupon he said: By Him besides Whom there is no god, it is at this very place that one upon whom was revealed Surah al-Baqara threw stones at it.
Chapter 49: EXCELLENCE OF FLINGING PEBBLES AT JAMRAT AL-'AQABA ON THE DAY OF SACRIFICE (IOTH OF DHU'L-HIJJA) WHILE RIDING
Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I saw Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) flinging pebbles while riding his camel on the Day of Nahr, and he was saying: Learn your rituals (by seeing me performing them), for I do not know whether I would be performing Hajj after this Hajj of mine.
Umm al-Husain (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I performed Hajj along with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage and saw him when he flung pebbles at Jamrat al-'Aqaba and returned while he was riding the camel, and Bilal and Usama were with him. One of them was leading his camel, while the other was raising his cloth over the head of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) to protect him from the sun. She (further) said: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said so many things, and I heard him saying: If a slave having some limb of his missing and having dark complexion is appointed to govern you according to the Book of Allah the Exalted. listen to him and obey him.
Umm al-Husain (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I performed Hajj along with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage and saw Usama and Bilal (too), one of whom had caught hold of the lose string of the she-camel of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) while the other one was raising his cloth (over his head) protecting him from the heat, till he flung pebbles at Jamrat al-'Aqaba.
Chapter 50: THE PEBBLES TO BE USED FOR THROWING SHOULD BE SMALL
Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported: I saw Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) throwing stones (at Jamrat al 'Aqaba) like pelting of small pebbles.
Chapter 51: WHAT IS THE EXCELLENT TIME FOR THROWING PEBBLES (AT THE JAMRAS)
Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) flung pebbles at jamra on the Day of Nahr after sunrise, and after that (i. e. on the 11th, 12th and 13th of Dhu'l-Hijja when the sun had declined.
Jabir b. Abdullah reported a hadith like this from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him).
Chapter 52: WHAT SHOULD BE THE NUMBER OF THE PEBBLES
Jabir (b. Abdullab) (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Odd number of stones are to be used for cleaning (the private parts after answering the call of nature), and casting of pebbles at the Jamras is to be done by odd numbers (seven), and (the number) of circuits between al-Safa' and al-Marwa is also odd (seven), and the number of circuits (around the Ka'ba) is also odd (seven). Whenever any one of you is required to use stones (for cleaning the private parts) he should use odd number of stones (three, five or seven).
Chapter 53: IT IS PREFERABLE TO GET ONE'S HAIR CUT (AS A RITUAL OF PILGRIMAGE) BUT CLIPPING IS ALSO PERMISSIBLE
'Abdullah reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) got his head shaved (after slaughtering the sacrificial animal on the 10th of Dhu'l-Hijja), and so did a group of Companions, while some of them got their hair clipped. Abdullah said: Allah's Messenger (may peace'be upon him) observed once or twice:" May Allah have mercy upon those who get their heads shaved." And he also said:" Upon those too who got their hair clipped."
Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as having observed: O Allah, have mercy upon those who get their heads shaved. They (the Companions) said: Messenger of Allah, (what about those) who have got their hair clipped? He said: O Allah, have mercy upon those who have got their heads shaved. They (again) said: Allah's Messenger, (what about those) who have got their hair clipped? Thereupon he said: (O Allah, have mercy upon those) who have got their hair clipped.
Ibn 'Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: May Allah have mercy upon those who have got their heads shaved. They said: Messenger of Allah, (what about) those who got their hair clipped? He said: May Allah have mercy upon those who have got their heads shaved. They said: Messenger of Allah, (what about those who have got their hair clipped)? He said: May Allah have mercy upon those who got their hair shaved. They said: Messenger of Allah, (what about) those who got their hair clipped? He said: (O Allah, have mercy upon) those who got their hair clipped.
Ubaidullah reported this hadith with the same chain of transmitters and (it is said) that it was on the fourth turn that he (the Holy Prophet) said: (May Allah have mercy upon) those who got their hair clipped."
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as having said: O Allah, grant pardon to those who got their heads shaved They (Companions of the Holy Prophet) said: Messenger of Allah, (what about those) who get their hair cut? He said: O Allah, grant pardon to those who get their heads shaved. They said: Messenger of Allah, (what about those) who got their hair clipped? He said: O Allah, grant pardon to those who get their heads shaved. They said: Messenger of Allah, (what about those) who get their hair clipped? He said: O Allah, grant pardon to those who get their heads shaved. They said: (What about those) who get their hair clipped? He said: (O Allah, grant pardon to) those who get their hair clipped.
A hadith like this is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira.
Yahya b. al-Husain reported on the authority of his grandfather that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) invoked blessing on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage three times for those who got their heads shaved and once for those who got their hair clipped. In the narration transmitted by Waki' there is no mention of the Farewell Pilgrimage.
Ibn Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) got his head shaved on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage.
Chapter 54: IT IS A SUNNAH THAT ON THE DAY OF NAHR ONE SHOULD THROW PEBBLES, THEN SLAUGHTER ANIMAL THEN GET ONE'S HEAD SHAVED, AND ONE SHOULD START SHAVING ONE'S HEAD FROM THE RIGHT SIDE
Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased wish him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to Mina; he went to the Jamra and threw pebbles at it, after which he went to his lodging in Mina, and sacrificed the animal. He then called for a barber and, turning his right side to him, let him shave him; after which he tiimed his left side. He then gave (these hair) to the people.
Abu Bakr reported: (He called for) the barber and, pointing towards the right side of his head, said: (Start from) here, and then distributed his hair among those who were near him. He then pointed to the barber (to shave) the left side and he shaved it, and he gave (these hair) to Umm Sulaim (Allah be pleased with her). And in the narration of Abu Kuraib (the words are):" He started from the right half (of his head), and he distributed a hair or two among the people. and then (asked the barber) to shave the left side and he did similarly, and he (the Holy Prophet) said: Here is Abu Talha and he gave these (hair) to Abu Talha."
Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) threw stones at Jamrat al-'Aqaba. He then want to his sacrificial animal and sacrificed it, and there was sitting the barber, and he pointed with his hand towards his head, and he shaved the right half of it, and he (the Holy Prophet) distributed them (the hair) among those who were near him. And he again said: Shave the other half, and said: Where is Abu Talha and gave it (the hair) to him.
Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him) reported: When Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had thrown pebbles at the Jamra and had sacrificed the animal, he turned (the right side) of his head towards the barber, and i. e shaved it. He then called Abu Talha al-Ansari and gave it to him. He then turned his left side and asked him (the barber) to shave. And he (the barber) shaved. and gave it to Abu Talha and told him to distribute it amongst the people.
Chapter 55: REGARDING ONE WHO SHAVES BEFORE OFFERING TLIE SACRIFICE OR OFFERS SACRIFICE BEFORE THROWING (TIIE STONES AT JAMRA)
Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As said that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) stopped during the Farewell Pilgrimage at Mina for people who had something to ask. A man came and said: Messenger of Allah, being ignorant. I shaved before sacrificing, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Now sacrifice (the animal) and there is no harm (for you). Then another man came and he said: Messenger of Allah, being ignorant, I sacrificed before throwing the pebbles, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: (Now) throw the pebbles, and there is no harm (for you). Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) was not asked about anything which had been done before or after (its proper time) but he said: Do it, and no harm is there (for you).
'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) stopped while riding his camel and the people began to ask him. One of the inquirers said: Messenger of Allah, I did not know that pebbles should be thrown before sacrificing the animal, and by mistake I sacrificed the animal before throwing pebbles, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: (Now) throw pebbles and there is no harm in it. Then another (person) came saying: I did not know that the animal was to be sacrificed before shaving, but I got myself shaved before sacrificing the animal, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Sacrifice the animal (now) and there is no harm in it. He (the narrator) said: I did not hear that anything was asked on that day (shout a matter) which a person forgot and could not observe the sequence or anything like it either due to forgetfulness or ignorance, but Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said (about that): Do it; there is no harm in it.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri.
Abdullah b. Amr b. al-'As (Allah be pleased with them) reported: As Allah's Apostle. (may peace be upon him) was delivering sermon on the Day of Nahr, a man stood up before him and said: Messenger of Allah, I did not know that such and such (rite was to be performed) before such and such (rite). Then another man came and said: Messenger of Allah, I thought that such and such (rite) should precede such and such (rite), and then another man came and said: Messenger of Allah, I had thought that such and such was before such and such, and such and such (is the sequence) of the three (rites, viz. throwing of pebbles, sacrificing of animal and shaving of one's head). He said to all these three: Do now (if you have not observed the cequence) ; there is no harm in it.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Juraij with the same chain of transmitters. And the narration of Ibn Bakr is like one transmitted by 'Isa but with this (variation):" There are not these words in it: To all these three rites (throwing of pebbles sacrificing of animal and shaving of one's head)." And so far as the narration of Yahya al-Umawi (the words are): I got (my head) shaved before I sacrificed the animal, and I sacrified the animal before throwing pebbles, and like that.
Adullah b. 'Amr (b. al-'As) (Allah be pleased with him) reported that a person came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and said: I got (my head) shaved before sacrificing the, animal, whereupon be (the Holy Prophet) said: Sacrifice the animal (now) ; there is no harm in it. He (the person said): I sacripced the animal before throwingpebbles. whereupon he said: Throw pebbles (now) ; there is no harm in it.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters (and the words are): I saw Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on the back of the camel at Mina, and a person came to him," and the rest of the hadith Is like that transmitted by Ibn 'Uyaina.
'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-As (Allah be pleased with them) said: As Allah's Messenger (may peace be'upon him) was standing near the jamra, a person came to him on the Day of Nahr and said: Messenger of Allah, I got (my head shaved) before throwing pebbles, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Throw pebbles (now) ; there is no harm in it. Another man (then) came and said: I have sacrificed before throwing the stones. He said: Throw stones (now) and there is no harm. Another came to him and said: I have observed the circumambulation of Ifada of the House before throwing pebbles. He said: Throw pebbles (now) ; there is no harm in it, He (the narrator) said: I did not see that he (the Holy Prophet) was asked about anything on that day, but he said: Do, and there is no harm in it.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that it was said to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) about sacrificing of animals, shaving of one's head, throwing of pebbles, and (the order of) precedence and succession, and he said: There is no harm in it.
Chapter 56: EXCELLENCE OF OBSERVING CIRCUMAMBULATION OF IFADA ON THE DAY OF NAHR
Ibn Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observed the circumambulation of Ifada on the Day of Nabr (10th of Dhu'l-Hijja), and then came back and observed the noon prayer at Mina. Nafi' (one of the narrators) said that Ibn Umar used to observe the circumambulation of Ifada on the Day of Nahr, and then return and observe the noon prayer at Mina, and mentioned that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) did that.
Chapter 57: EXCELLENCE OF MAKING A HALT AT AL-MUHASSAB, ON THE DAY OF NAHR, AND OBSERVING PRAYER THERE
Abd al-'Aziz b. Rufai' (Allah be pleased with him) said: I asked Anas b. Malik to tell me about something he knew about Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), viz. where he observed the noon prayer on Yaum al-Tarwiya. He said: At Mina. I said: Where did he observe the afternoon prayer on the Yaum an-Nafr? and he said: It was at al-Abtah. He then said: Do as your rulers do.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and Abu Bakr and 'Umar observed halt at al-Abtah.
Nafi' reported that Ibn 'Umar regarded halt at Muhassab as Sunnah (of the Holy Prophet) and observed the noon prayer on Yaum al-Nafr at that place. Nafi' said: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) halted at Muhassab and the Caliphs did the same after him.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported.: Halt at al-Abtah is not the Sunnah. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) halted there simply because it was easier for him to depart from there, when he left.
This hadith is narrated on the authority of Hisham with the same chain of transmitters.
Salim reported that Abu Bakr, 'Umar and Ibn Umar used to halt at Abtah. 'Urwa narrated from 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) that he did not observe this practice and said: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) halted there, for it is a place from where it was easy to depart.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Halt at Muhassab is not something (significant from the point of view of the Shari'ah). It is a place of halt where Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) halted.
Abu Rafi' reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) did not command me to observe halt at al-Abtah when be departed from Mina, but I came and set up his (the Holy Prcphet's) tent (of my own accord) ; and he (Allah's Apostle) came and observed halt. This hadith is narrated through another chain of transmitters from Abu Rafi' who was (in charge) of the luggage of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him).
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleated with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: God willing, we will get down tomorrow, at Khaif of Banu Kinanah, the place where they had taken an oath on unbelief.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to us as we were at Mina: We would observe halt tomorrow at-Khaif of Banu Kinanah, where (the polytheists) had taken an oath on unbelief, and that was that the Quraish and Banu Kinanah had, pledged against Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib that they would neither marry nor do any transaction with them unless they deliver Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) to them. And (this pledge was) taken at this (place) Muhassab.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: God willing, when Allah has granted us victory, our halt tomorrow will be at Khaif, where they (the unbelievers of Mecca) had taken an oath on unbelief.
Chapter 58: IT IS ESSENTIAL TO STAY (FOR TWO OR THREE NIGHTS) AT MINA DURING THE DAYS OF TASHRIQ (11th, 12th AND 13th) AND EXEMPTION FROM THIS COMMAND FOR THE SUPPLIERS OF WATER
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that al-'A'bbas b. Abd al-Muttalib (Allah be pleased with him) sought permission from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) to spend in Mecca the nights (which be was required to spend) at Mina on account of his office of supplier of water, and he (the Holy Prophet) granted him permission.
A hadith like this has been narrated by 'Ubaidullah b. Umar with the the same chain of transmitters.
Bakr b. 'Abdullah al-Muzani said: While I was sitting along with Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) near the Ka'ba, there came a bedouin to him and said: What is the matter that I see that the progeny of your uncle supply honey and milk (as drink to the travellers), whereas you supply al-nabidh (water sweetened with dates)? Is it due to your poverty or due to your close-fistedness? Thereupon Ibn 'Abbas said: Allah be praised, it is neither due to poverty nor due to close-fistedness (but due to the fact) that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) came here riding his she-came, and there was sitting behind him Usama. He asked for water, and we gave him a cup full of nabidh and he drank it, and gave the remaining (part) to Usama; and he (the Holy Prophet) said: You have done Food, You have done well. So continue doing like it So we do not like to change what Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had commanded us to do.
Chapter 59: ONE SHOULD OFFER AS SADAQA THE MEAT AND HIDE OF THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL
'All (Allah be pleased with him) reperted: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) put me in charge of his sacrificial animals, that I should give their flesh. skins and saddle cloths as sadaqa, but not to give anything to the butcher, saying: We would pay him ourselves.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abd al-Karim al-Jazari with the same chain of transmitters.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Ali (Allah be pleased with him) with another chain of transmitters, but there is no mention of the wages of the butcher in it.
Ali b. Abi Talib (Allah be pleased with him) reported: Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) put him in charge of his sacrificial animals, and commanded him to distribute the whole of their meat, hides, and saddle cloths to the poor, and not to give to the butcher anything out of them.
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Hadrat 'Ali (Allah be pleased with him).
Chapter 60: IT IS PERMISSIBLE TO JOIN SEVEN PERSONS IN A COW OR A CAMEL
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with him) reported: In the year of Hudaibiya (6 H ), we, along with Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him), sacrificed a camel for seven persons and a cow for seven persons.
Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported: We set out in the state of Ihram for Hajj along, with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). He commanded us that seven perons should join in a camel and a cow for offering sacrifice.
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with him) reported: We performed Hajj along with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and we sacrificed a camel on behalf of seven persons, and a cow on behalf of seven persons.
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: We joined Allah's Apostle (may pea, @. e be upon him) in Hajj and Umra and seven persons shared in the sacrifice of an animal. A person said to Jabir (Allah be pleased with him): Can seven persons share in the sacrifice of al-Badnah (a camel) as he shares in al- Jazur (a cow)? He, (Jabir) said: It (al-Jazur) is nothing but one among the budun. Jabir was present at Hudaibiya and he said: We sacrificed on that day seventy camel, and seven men shared in each sacrifice (of camel).
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them), describing the Hajj of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: He (the Holy Prophet) commanded us as we had entered into the state of Ihram to sacrifice the animals (as a rite of Hajj) and a group (of person; amongst us, i. e. seven) shared in the sacrifice of one (camel or cow), and it happened at that time when he commanded them to put off Ihram for Hajj (after performing 'Umra).
Jaibir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: We performed Hajj Tamattu' along with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and we slaughtered a cow on behalf of seven persons sharing in it.
Jabir reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sacrificed a cow on behalf of 'A'isha on the Day of Nahr (10th of Dhu'l-Hijja).
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sacrificed (animals) on behalf of his wives, and in the hadith transmitted by Ibn Abu Bakr (the words are):" A cow on behalf of 'A'isha on the occasion of the Hajj."
Chapter 61: THE CAMEL IS TO BE SACRIFICED IN A STANDING POSTURE AND FETTERED
Ziyad b. Jubair reported that Ibn 'Umar came upon a person who was slaughtering (sacrificing) his camel and had made him kneel down. So he told him to make it stand up festered (and then sacrifice it) according to the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him).
Chapter 62: IT IS MERITORIOUS FOR ONE WHO DOES IN FEND TO GO HIMSELF TO SEND THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL TO AL-HARAM
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent the sacrificial animals from Medina. I wove garlands for his sacrificial animals (and then he hung them round their necks), and he would not avoid doing anything which the Muhrim avoids A hadith like this has been transmitted on the authority of Ibn Shihab.
'A'isha narrated (in another badith narrated through another chain of transmitters) these words:" As if I am seeing myself weaving the garlands for the sacrificial animals of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)."
Abd al-Rahman b. al-Qasim reported on the authority of his father that he heard 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) saying: I used to weave garlands for the sacrificial animals of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) with these hands of mine, but he (Allah's Apostle) neither avoided anything nor gave up anything (which a Muhrim should avoid or give up).
'A'isha reported: I wove the garlands for the sacrificial animals of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) with my own bands, and then he (the Holy Prophet) marked them, and garlanded them, and then sent them to the House, and stayed at Medina and nothing was forbidden to him which was lawful for him (before).
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent the sacrificial animals and I wove garlands for them with my own 'hands, and he did not refrain from doing anything which he did not avoid in the state of non-Muhrim.
Al-Qasim reported the Mother of the Faithful (Hadrat 'A'isha Siddiqa) (Allah be pleased with her) as saying: I used to weave these garlands from the multicoloured wool which was with us. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was in the state of non Muhrim among us, and he would do all that was lawful for a lion-Muhrim with his wife.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I recall how I wove garlands for the sacrificial animals (the goats) of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). He sent them and then stayed with us as a non-Muhrim.
'A'isha (Allah, be pleased, with her) reported: I often wove garlands for the sacrificial animals of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and he garlanded his sacrificial animals, and then he sent them and stayed in the ouse) avoiding nothing which a Muhrim avoids.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon, him) sent some goats as sacrificial animals to the House and He garlanded them.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: We used to garland the goats and send them (to Mecca), and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) stayed back in Medina as a non-Muhrim ard nothing was forbidden for him (which is forbidden for a Muhrim).
'Amra daughter of Abd al-Rahman reported that Ibn Ziyad had written to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with him) that 'Abdullah b. Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) bad said that he who sent a sacrificial animal (to Mecca) for him was forbidden what is forbidden for a pilgrim (in the state of Ihram) until the animal is sacrificed I have myself sent my sacrificial animal (to Mecca), so write to me your opinion. Amra reported 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) as saying: It is not as Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) had asserted, for I wove the garlands for the sacrificial animals of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) with my own hands. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) then garlanded them with his own hands, and then sent them with my father, and nothing was forbidden for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) which had been made lawful for him by Allah until the animals were sacrificed.
Masruq reported: I heard 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) clapping her hands behind the curtain and saying: I used to weave garlands for the sacrificial animals of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) with my own hands, and then he (the Holy Prophet) sent them (to Mecca), and he did not avoid doing anything which a Muhritn avoids until his animal was sacrificed.
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) through another chain of transmitters.
Chapter 63: IT IS PERMISSIBLE TO RIDE THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL (CAMEL) FOR ONE WHO IS IN NEED OF IT
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) rerorted that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saw a person who was driving a sacrificial camel (and told him to ride on it. Thereupon he said: Messenger of Allah, it is a sacrificial camel. He told him again to ride on it; (when he received the same reply) he said: Woe to you, (he uttered these words on the second or the third reply).
This hadith has been narrated by A'raj with the same chain of transmitters (and the words are):" Whereas the person was driving a sacrificial camel which was garlanded."
Hammam b. Munabbih reported: It is one out of these (narrations) that Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us from Muhammad the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), and he narrated to us traditions out of which is that he said: When there was a person who was driving a garlanded sacrificial camel, Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to him: Woe to you; ride on it. He said: Messenger of Allah, it is a sacrificial animal, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Woe to you, ride on it; woe to you, ride on it.
Anas reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) happened to pass by a person who was driving a sacrificial camel, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Ride on It. He said: It is a sacrificial camel. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said twice or thrice: Ride on it.
Anas reported: Someone happened to pass by Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) with a sacrificial camel, or a sacrificial animal, whereupon he said: Ride on it. He said: It is a sacrificial camel, or animal, whereupon he said: (Ride) even if (it is a sacrificial camel).
Anas (Allah be pleased with him) reported: There happened to pass (a person) with a sacrificial camel by Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and the rest of the hadith is the same.
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported that he was asked about riding on a sacrificial animal, and he said: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Ride on it gently, when you have need for it, until you find (another) mount.
Abu Zubair reported: I asked Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) about riding on the sacrificial animal, to which he replied: I heard Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: Ride on them gently until you find another mount.
Chapter 64: WHAT SHOULD BE DONE WITH THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL, WHEN IT IS COMPLETELY EXHAUSTED AND BECOMES POWERLESS TO MOVE
Musa b. Salama al-Hudhali reported: I and Sinan b. Salama proceeded (to Mecca to perform Umra. Sinan had a sacrificial camel with him which he was driving. The camel stopped in the way being completely exhausted and this state of it made him (Sinan) helpless. (He thought) if it stops proceeding further how he would be able to take it, along with him and said: I would definitely find out (the religious verdict) about it. I moved on in the morning and as we encamped at al-Batha', (Sinan) said: Come (along with me) to Ibn 'Abbis (Allah be pleased with them) so that we should narrate to him (this incident), and he (Sinan) reported to him the incident of the sacrificial camel. He (Ibn Abbas) said: You have referred (the matter) to the well informed person. (Now listen) Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent sixteen sacrificial camels with a man whom he put in change of them. He set out and came back and said: Messenger of Allah, what should I do with those who are completely exhausted and become powerless to move on, whereupon he said: Slaughter them, and dye their hoofs in their blood, and put them on the sides of their humps, but neither you nor anyone among those who are with you must eat any part of them.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent eighteen sacrificial camels with a person. The rest of the hadith is the same, and the first part (of the above-mentioned hadith) is not mentioned.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Dhuwaib, father of Qabisa (Allah be pleased with him) narrated to him that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent under his charge the sacrificial camels, and said: If any of these is completely exhausted and you apprehend its death, then slaughter it, then dip its hoofs in its blood and imprint it on its hump; but neither you nor any one of your comrades should eat it.
Chapter 65: IT IS OBLIGATORY TO PERFORM FAREWELL CIRCUMAMBULATION, WHILE A MENSTRUATING WOMAN IS EXEMPTED FROM IT
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the people used to return through every path, whereupon Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) said: None amongst you should depart until he performs the last circumambulation round the House. Zuhair said (the words are): [ARABIC: YANSWARIFUWN KULLA WAJH] and the word [arabic: FIY] was not mentioned.
Ibn Abbas reported: The people were commanded (by the Holy Prophet) to perform the last circumambulation round the House, but menstruating women were exempted.
Tawus reported: I was in the company of Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) when Zaid b. Thabit said: Do you give religious verdict that the woman who is in menses is allowed to go without performing the last circumambulation of the House? Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) said to him: Ask such and such woman of the Ansar, if you do not (believe my religious verdict) whether Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had coimmanded her this. Zaid b Thabit (went to that lady and after getting this verdict attested by her) came back to Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) smilingly and said: I did not find you but telling the truth.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Safiyyah bint Huyayy entered the period of menses after performing Tawaf Ifada. I made a mention of her menses to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), whereupon Allah's. Messenger (may peace be upon him) remarked: Well, then she will detain us. I said: Messenger of Allah. she has performed Tawif Ifada and circumambulated the House, and it was after this that she entered the period of menses. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: (If it is so), then proceed forth.
This hadith is narrated (from 'A'isha) on the authority of Ibn Shihab with the same chain of transmitters (and the words are): Safiyyah bint Huyayy, the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), entered the period of menses at the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage after she had performed Tawaf Ifada in the state of cleanliness; the rest of the hadith is the same.
Abd al-Rahman b. al Qasim narrated on the authority of 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) that she made a mention to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) that Safiyyah had entered the period of menses. The rest of the hadith is the same.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: We feared that Safiyyah might have entered the period of menses before performing Tawaf Ifada. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to us and said: Is Safiyyah going to detain us? Thereupon we said: She has performed Tawaf Ifada. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Then there is no detention (for us) now.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him): Messenger of Allah, Safiyyah bint Huyayy has entered the state of menses, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Perhaps she is going to detain us. Has she not clicumambulated the House along with you (i. e. whether she has not performed Tawaf Ifada)? They said: Yes. He said: Then they should set out.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) inclined to do with Safiyyah what a man feels inclined to do with his wife. They said: Messenger of Allah, she has entered the state of menses, whereupon he said: (Well) she is going to detain us. They (his wives) said: Messenger of Allah, she performed Tawaf Ziyara (Tawaf Ifada) on the Day of Nahr. Thereupon he said: Then she should proceed along with you
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: When Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) decided to march (for return journey), he found Safiyyah at the door of her tent, sad and downcast. He remarked. Barren, shaven-head, you are going to detain us, and then said: Did you perform Tawaf Ifada on the Day of Nahr? She replied in the affirmative, whereupon he said: Then march on.
This hadith is narrated by 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) through another chain of transmitters, but no mention is made of" sad and downcast".
Chapter 66: THE MERIT OF ENTERING THE KA'BA FOR A PILGRIM AND OBSERVING OF PRAYER IN IT
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace, be upon him) entered the Ka'ba. Usama, Bilal and 'Uthman b. Talha, the keeper (of the Ka'ba), were along with him. He closed the door and stayed in it for some time. Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said: I asked Bilal as he came out what Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had done there. He said: He prayed there in (such a position) that two pillars were on his left side, one pillar on his right, and three pillars were behind him, and the House at that time was resting on six pillars.
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came on the Day of Victory, and got down in the courtyard of the Ka'ba and he sent (a message) for 'Uthman b. Talha (Allah be pleased with them). He came with the key and opened the door. Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) then entered therein and Bilal, Usama b. Zaid, and 'Uthman b. Talha (along with him), and then commanded the door to be closed. They stayed there for a considerable time, and then the door was opened, and Abdullah said: I was the first to meet Allah's Messenger. (may peace be upon him). outside (the Ka'ba), and Bilal was close behind him. I said to Bilal: Did Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observe prayer therein? He said: Yes. I said: Where? He said: Between the two pillars in front of his face. He said: I forgot to ask him as to the number of rakahs he prayed.
lbn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came daring the year of Victory on the she-camel of Usama b. Zaid until he made her kneel down in the courtyard of the Ka'ba (and got down). He then sent for 'Uthman b. Talha and said: Bring me the key. He went to his mother and she refused to give that to him. He said: By Allah, give that to him or this sword would be thrust into my side. So she gave that to him, and he came with that to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and gave that to him, and he opened the door. The rest of the hadith is the same as the above one.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Allah's Messenger, (may peace be upon him) entered the House, and Usama, Bilal and Uthman b. Talha were with him, and they kept the door closed for a considerable time. Then it was opened and I was the first to enter the House and meet Bilal, and I said: Where did Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observe prayer? He said: Between these two front pillars. I, however, forgot to ask him the number of rak'ahs that he observed.
Abdullah b. Umar reported that he reached the Ka'ba and Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) had entered therein, and Bilal and Usama too. 'Uthman b. Talha closed the door to them, and they stayed there for a considerable time, and then the door was opend and Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) came out, and I went upstairs and entered the House and said: Where did Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) observe prayer? They said: At this very place. I, however, forgot to ask them about the (number of) rak'ahs that he observed.
Salim narrated on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with him) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) entered the House along with Usama b. Zaid, Bilal and Uthman b. Talha. They closed the door from within, and, as they opened it, I was the first to get into it and meet Bilal, and I asked him: Did Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observe prayer in it? He said: Yes, he observed prayer between these two Yemenite pillars (pillars situated towards the side of Yemen).
Salim b. Abdullah reported his father (Allah be pleased with him) saying: I saw Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) entering the Ka'ba, and Usama b. Zaid, Bilal and 'Uthman b. Talha were along with him, but none (else) entered therein along with them. Then the door was closed for them from within. 'Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said: Bilal and Uthman b. Talha informed me that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observed prayer in the interior of the Ka'ba between the two Yemenite pillars.
Ibn Juraij reported: I said to 'Ata': Have you heard Ibn 'Abbas saying: You have been commanded to observe circumambulation, and not commanded to enter it (the Ka'ba)? He ('Ata') said: He (Ibn Abbas) (at the same time) did not forbid entrance into it. I, however, heard him saying: Usama b. Zaid informed me that when Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) entered the House, he supplicated in all sides of it; and he did not observe prayer therein till he came out, and as he came out he observed two rak'ahs in front of the House, and said: This is your Qibla. I said to him: What is meant by its sides? Does that mean its corners? He said: (In all sides and nooks of the House) there is Qibla.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) entered the Ka'ba, and in it there were six pillars, and he stood near a pillar and made supplication, bnt did not observe the prayer.
Isma'il b. Abu Khalid reported: I asked Abdullah b. Abu Aufa (Allah be pleased with him), a Companion of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), whether Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) had entered the House, while performing 'Umra, He said: NO.
Chapter 67: THE DEMOLISHING OF THE KA'BA AND ITS RECONSTRUCTION
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Messenger may peace be upon him) said to me: Had your people not been unbelievers in the recent past (had they not quite recently accepted Islam), I would have demolished the Ka'ba and would have rebuilt it on the foundation (laid) by Ibrahim; for when the Quraish had built the Ka'ba, they reduced its (area), and I would also have built (a door) in the rear.
'A'isha, the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as having said this: Didn't you see that when your people built the Ka'ba, they reduced (its area with the result that it no longer remains) on the foundations (laid) by Ibrahim. I said: Messenger of Allah, why don't you rebuild it on the foundations (laid by) Ibrahim? Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Had your people not been new converts to Islam, I would have done that. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said: If 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) had heard it from Allah's Messenger (may peace be up (vn him), I would not have seen Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) abandoning the touching of the two corners situated near al-Hijr, but (for the fact) that it was not completed on the foundations (laid) by Ibrihim.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her), wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: If your people, had not been recent converts to Islam, I would have spent the treasure of the Ka'ba in the way of Allah and would have constructed its door just on the level of the ground and would have encompassed in it the space of Hijr.
'Abdullah b. Zubair (Allah be pleased with him) reported on the authority of his mother's sister ('A'isha) saying that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: 'A'isha, if your people had not been recently polytheists (and new converts to Islam), I would have demolished the Ka'ba, and would have brought it to the level of the ground and would have constructed two doors, one facing the east and the other one to the west, and would have added to it six cubits of area from Hijr, for the Quraish had reduced it when they rebuilt it.
'Ata' reported: The House was burnt during the time of Yazid b. Muawiya when the people of Syria had fought (in Mecca). And it happened with it (the Ka'ba) what was (in store for it). Ibn Zubair (Allah be pleased with him) felt it (in the same state) until the people came in the season (of Hajj). (The idea behind was) that he wanted to exhort them or incite them (to war) against the people of Syria. When the people had arrived he said to them: O people, advise me about the Ka'ba. Should I demolish it and then build it from its very foundation, or should I repair whatever has been damaged of it? Ibn 'Abbas said: An idea has occurred to me according to which I think that you should only repair (the portion which has been) damaged, and leave the House (in that very state in which) people embraced Islam (and leave those very stones in the same state) when people embraced Islam, and over which Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) had raised it. Thereupon Ibn Zubair said: It the house of any one of you is burnt, he would not be contented until he had reconstructed it, then what about the House of your Lord (which is far more Important than your house)? I would seek good advice from my Lord thrice and then I would make up (my mind) about this affair. After seeking good advice thrice, he made up his mind to demolish it. The people apprehended that calamity might fall from heaven on those persons who would be first to climb (over the building for the purpose of demolishing it), till one (took up courage, and ascended the roof), and threw down one of its stones. When the people saw no calamity befalling him, they followed him, demolished it until it was razed to the ground. Then Ibn Zubair erected pillars and hung cartains on them (in order to provide facilities to the people for observing the time of its construction). And the walls were raised; and Ibn Zubair said: I heard 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) say that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) had observed: If the people had Rot recently (abandoned) unbelief, find I had means enough to reconstruct it, which I had not, I would have definitely excompassed in it five cubits of area from Hijr. And I would also have constructed a door for the people to enter, and a door for their exit. I today have (the means to spend) and I entertain no fearfrom the side of people (that they would protest against this change). So he added five cubits of area from the side of Hatim to it that there appeared (the old) foundation (upon which Hadrat Ibrahim had built the Ka'ba). and the people saw that and it was upon this foundation that the wall was raised. The length of the Ka'ba was eighteen cubits. when addition was made to it (which was in its breadth), then naturally the length appears to be) small (as compared with its breadth). Then addition of ten cubits (of area) was made in its length (also). Two doors were also constructed, one of which (was meant) for entrance and the other one for exit. When Ibn Zubair (Allah be pleased with him) was killed, Hajjaj wrote to 'Abd al-Malik (b. Marwan) informing him about it, and telling him that Ibn Zubair (Allah be pleased with him) had built (the Ka'ba) on those very foundations (which were laid by Ibrahim) and which reliable persons among the Meccans had seen. 'Abd al-Malik wrote to him: We are not concerned with the censuring of Ibn Zubair in anything. Keep intact the addition made by him in the side of length, and whatever he has added frem the side of Hijr revert to (its previous) foundation, and wall up the door which he had opened. Thus Hajjaj at the command of Abd al-Malik) demolished it (that portion) and rebuilt it on (its previous) foundations.
Abdullah b. 'Ubaid reported that Harith b. 'Abdullah led a deputation to 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan during his caliphate. 'Abd al-Malik said: I do riot think that Abu Khubaib (i. e. Ibn Zabair) had heard from 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) (about the intended wish of the Holy Prophet [may peace be upon him) In regard to the alteration of the Ka'ba). Harith said: Yes, I myself did hear from her. He ('Abd al-Malik) said: Well, tell me what you heard from her. He stated that she (Hadrat 'A'isha) had said that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) remarked: Verily your people have reduced (the area) of the House from its (original foundations, and if they had not recently abandoned polytheism (and embraced Islam) I would have reversed it to (those foundations) which they had left out of it. nd if your people would take initiative after me in rebuilding it, then come along with me so that I should show you what they have left out of it. He showed her about fifteen cubits of area from the side of Hatim (that they had separated). This is the narration transmitted by 'Abdullah b. Ubaid. Walid b. 'Ata' has, however, made this addition to it:" Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: I would have made two doors on the level of the ground (facing) the east and the west. Do you know why your people raised the level of its door (i. e. the door of the Ka'ba)? She said: No. He said: (They did it) out of vanity so that (they might be in a position) to grant admittance to him only whom they wished. When a person intended to get into it, they let him climb (the stairs), and as he was about to enter, they pushed him and he fell down." 'Abd al-Malik said to Harith; Did you yourself hear her saying this? He said: Yes. He (Harith) said that he ('Abd al-Malik) scratched the ground with his staff for some time and then said: I wish I had left his (Ibn Zubair's) work there.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Juraij with the same chain of transmitters.
Abu Qaza'ah reported that while Abd al-Malik b. Marwan was circumambulating the Ka'ba he said: May Allah ruin Ibn Zubair that he lies in attributing to the Mother of the Faithful, as he says: I heard her stating that Allah's Messenger (may'peace be upon him) had said: 'A'isha, if your people had not been new converts to Islam, I would have demolished the House and would have added (in it area) from the Hijr for your people have reduced the area from its foundations. Harith b. 'Abdullah b. Abu Rabi'a (Allah be pleased with him) said: Commander of the Faithful, don't say that, for I heard the Mother of the Faithful saying this, whereupon he said: If I had heard this before demolishing it, I would have left it in the state in which Ibn Zabair had built it.
Chapter 68: THE WALL OF THE KA'BA AND ITS DOOR
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: I asked Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) about the wall, circumpassing the House (i. e. whether the wall on the side of Hijr was included in the Ka'ba). He said, Yes. I said: Then why did they not include it in the House? He said: 'Your people ran short of the means (to do so). I said: Why is it that the level of its door is raised high? He said: Your people did it so that they should admit one whom they liked, and forbid him whom they disliked, and if your people were not new converts to faith, and I did not apprehend that their hearts would feel agitated at this. I would have definitely included (the area of) this wall-in the House and would have brought the door to the level of the ground.
'A'isha reported: I asked Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) about Hijr, and the rest of the hadith is the same. I also said: Why is it that the door has been made on a higher level, and one cannot (get into it) but with the help of a ladder? The rest of the hadith is the same as reported above and the concluding words are: (I do not change it) out of the apprehension that their hearts may disapprove of it."
Chapter 69: ONE MAY PERFORM HAJJ ON BEHALF OF THE MAIMED THE OLD AND THE DECEASED
'Abdullah b. 'Abbas reported that while al-Fadl b. Abbas had been riding behind Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) a women of the tribe of Khath'am came to him (to the Holy Proppet) asking for a religious verdict. Fadl looked at her and she looked at him. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) turned the face of al-Fadl to the other side. She said: Messenger of Allah, there is an obligation from Allah upon His servants in regard to Hajj. (But) my father is an aged man; he is incapable of riding safely. May I perform Hajj on his behalf? He said: Yes. It was during the Farewell Pilgrimage.
Fadl reported that a woman of Banu Khath'am said: Messenger of Allah, my father is very old. There is an old obligation of Hajj upon him from Allah, but he is not capable of sitting on the back of the camel. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: Perform Hajj on his behalf.
Chapter 70: THE VALIDITY OF THE HAJJ PERFORMED BY A BOY AND REWARD FOR ONE WHO ENABLES HIM TO PERFORM IT (BY ACCOMPANYING HIM AND BEARING EXPENSES FOR HIM)
Ibn Abbas reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) met some riders at al-Rauha and asked who they were. They replied that they were Muslims. They said: Who art thou? He said: (I am) Messengef of Allah. A woman (then) lifted up a boy to him and said: Would this child be credited with having performed the Hajj? Thereupon he said: Yes, and you will have a reward.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported: A woman lifted up her child and said: Messenger of Allah, would the child be credited with having performed the Hajj? Thereupon he said: Yes, and there would be a reward for you.
Karaib reported: A woman lifted a child and said: Messenger of Allah, would he be credited with Hajj? He said: Yes. and for you there would be a reward.
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas through another chain of transmitters.
Chapter 71: PERFORMANCE OF HAJJ IS OBLIGATORY ONLY ONCE IN LIFE
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) addressed us and said: O people, Allah has made Hajj obligatory for you; so perform Hajj. Thereupon a person said: Messenger of Allah, (is it to be performed) every year? He (the Holy Prophet) kept quiet, and he repeated (these words) thrice, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: If I were to say" Yes," it would become obligatory (for you to perform it every year) and you would not be able to do it. Then he said: Leave me with what I have left to you, for those who were before you were desroyed because of excessive questioning, and their opposition to their apostles. So when I command you to do anything, do it as much as it lies in your power and when I forbid you to do anything, then abandon it.
Chapter 72: TRAVELLING OF A WOMAN WITH HER MAHRAM FOR HAJJ, ETC.
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: A woman should not set out on three (days' journey) except when she has a Mahram with her.
This hadith has been narrated on the same authority by Ubaidullah. And in the narration of Abu Bakr (the words are):" More than three (days)." Ibn Numair narrated on the authority of his father, (and the words are):" Three (days) except (when) she has a Mahram with her."
'Abdullah b. Umar (Allah -be pleased with them) reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: It is not lawful for a woman who believes in Allah and the Hereafter to travel for more than three nights journey except when there is a Mahram with her.
Qaza'ah reported: I heard a hadith from Abu Sa'id (Allah be pleased with him) and it impressed me (very much), so I said to him: Did you hear it (yourself) from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)? Thereupon he said: (Can) I speak of anything about Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) which I did not bear? He said: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying: Do not set out on a journey (for religious devotion) but for the three mosques-for this mosque of mine (at Medina) the Sacred Mosque (at Mecca), and the Mosque al-Aqsa (Bait al-Maqdis), and I heard him saying also: A woman should not travel for two days duration, but only when there is a Mahram with her or her husband.
Qaza'ah reported: I heard Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) saying: I heard four things from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) which impressed me and captivated me (and one out of these is this), that he forbade a woman to undertake journey extending over two days but with her husband, or with a Mahram; and he then narrated the rest of the hadith.
Abu Sa'id (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: A woman should not set out on three (days') journey, but in the company of a Mahram.
Abu Sa'id Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: A woman should not set out on a journey extending beyond three nights but with a Mahram.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Qatada with the same chain of transmitters and he said:" More than three (days) except in the company of a Mahram."
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: It is not lawful for a Muslim woman to travel a night's journey except when there is a Mahram with her.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: It is not lawful for a woman who believes in Allah and the Hereafter to undertake a day's journey except in the company of a Mahram.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: It is not lawful for a woman believing in Allah and the Hereafter to undertake journey extending over a day and a night except when there is a Mahram with her.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: It is not lawful for a woman to undertake three (days, ) journey except when there is a Mahram with her.
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: It is not lawful for a woman believing in Allah and the Hereafter to undertake journey extending over three days or more, except when she is in the company of her father, or her son, or her husband, or her brother, or any other Mahram.
A hadith like this has been narrated by A'mash with the same chain of transmitters.
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) delivering a sermon and making this observation:" No person should be alone with a woman except when there is a Mahram with her, and the woman should not undertake journey except with a Mahram." A person stood up and said: Allah's Messenger, my wife has set out for pilgrimage, whereas I am enlisted to fight in such and such battle, whereupon he said:" You go and perform Hajj with your wife."
A hadith like this has been narrated by 'Amr on the authority of the same chain of transmitters.
Ibn Juraij narrated this hadith with the same chain of transmitters, but he made no mention of it:" No person should be alone with a woman except when there is a Mahram with her."
Chapter 73: WHAT IS TO BE UTTERED WHEN ONE SETS OUT FOR HAJJ OR ANY OTHER JOURNEY
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that whenever Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) mounted his camel while setting out on a journey, he glorified Allah (uttered Allah-o-Akbar) thrice, and then said: Hallowed is He Who subdued for us this (ride) and we were not ourselves powerful enough to use It as a ride, and we are going to return to our Lord. O Allah, we seek virtue and piety from Thee in this journey of ours and the act which pleaseth Thee. O Allah, lighten this journey of ours, and make its distance easy for us. O Allah, Thou art (our) companion during the journey, and guardian of (our) family. O Allah, I seek refuge with Thee from hardships of the journey, gloominess of the sights, and finding of evil changes in property and family on return. And he (the Holy Prophet) uttered (these words), and made this addition to them: We are returning, repentant, worshipping our Lord. and praising Him.
Abdullah b. Sarjis (Allah be pleased with him) reported that when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) set forth on a journey, he sought refuge (with Allah) from the hardships of the travelling, and finding of evil changes on return, and disgrace after honour, and the curse of the oppressed and a gloomy sad scene in family and property.
A hadlth like this has been narrated on the authority of Asim With the same chain of transmitters except (this difference) that the hadith transmitted by 'Abd al-Wahid (one of the narrators) the (word)" property" precedes the family, and in the hadith transmitted by Mahammad b. Khazim (the word)" family" precedes (theword" Property" ), on returning home, in the narrations of both the narrators (these words are found):" O Allah I seek refuge with Thee from the hardships of the journey."
Chapter 74: WHAT IS TO BE RECITED ON RETURN FROM THE JOURNEY OF HAJJ OR ANY OTHER JOURNEY
Abdullah b. 'Umar reported that whenever Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came back from the battle or from expeditions or from Hajj or Umra and as he reached the top of the hillock or upon the elevated hard ground, he uttered Allah-o- Akbar thrice, and then said: There is no god but Allah. He is One, there is no partner with Him, His is the sovereignty and His is the praise and He is Potent over everything. (We are) returning, repenting, worshipping, prostrating before our Lord, and we praise Him Allah fulfilled His promise and helped His servant, and routed the confederates alone.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Umar through another chain of transmitters (but with one alteration) that here Allah-o-Akbar is mentioned twice.
Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I and Abu Talha (both) came back along with Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him). Safiyyah (the wife of the Holy Prophet) rode behind him on his camel and as we came to the out- skirts of Medina he said: (We are those) who return, who repent, who worship our Lord, who praise (Him), and he went on uttering this until we entered Medina.
A hadith like this has been narrated by Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him) through another chain of transmitters.
Chapter 75: STAYING AT DHU'L-HULAIFA AND OBSERVING OF PRAYER THERE, WHILE RETURNING FROM HAJJ OR 'UMRA
Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) made (his camel) kneel down (i, e. halt at the stony ground of Dhu'l-Hulaifa) and prayed there, and so did Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with them).
Nafi' reported that 'Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with them) used to halt his camel in the stony ground at Dhu'l-Hulaifa, where Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) used to make a halt (and pray).
Nafi' reported that when 'Abdullah b. 'Umar returned from Hajj or 'Umra he made his camel kneel down (i. e. halted) in the stony ground of Dhu'l-Hulaifa where Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had made his camel halt.
Salim (b. Abdullah b. 'Umar) reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with them) that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) was visited by (someone, i. e. an angel) during the fag end of the night at Dhu'l-Hulaifa, and it was said to him: Verily it is a blessed stony-ground.
Salim b. Abdullah b. Umar reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with them) that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) came to Dhu'l- Hulaifa in the heart of the valley at the fag end of the night, and it was said to him: It is a blessed stony ground. Musa (one of the narrators) said: Salim made his came) halt at the mosque where 'Abdullah made his camel halt as seeking the place of stay of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). It is, in fact, situated at a lower plain than the mosque, which stands in the heart of the valley, and it is between it (the mosque) (and Qibla) that that place (where Allah's Apostle used to get down for rest and prayer) is situated.
Chapter 76: NO POLYTHEIST IS AUTHORISED TO PERFORM PILGRIMAGE OF THE KA'BA AND CIRCUMAMBULATE THE HOUSE NAKED AND THE DESCRIPTION OF THE GREAT HAJJ
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: Abu Bakr Siddiq (Allah be pleased with him) sent me during Hajj before the Farewell Pilgrimage for which Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had appointed him an Amir, among a group of people whom he had ordered to make announcement to the people on the Day of Nahr:" After this year no polytheist may perform the Pilgrimage and no naked person may circumambulate the House." Ibn Shihab stated that Humaid b. Abd al-Rahman said that according to this narration of Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) the day of Hajj al-Akbar (Great Hajj) is this Day of Nahr (10th of Dhu'l-Hijja).
Chapter 77: THE MERIT OF HAJJ AND UMRA AND THE DAY OF 'ARAFA (THE 9TH OF DHU'L-HIJJA)
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There is no day when God sets free more servants from Hell than the Day of 'Arafa. He draws near, then praises them to the angels, saying: What do these want?
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: An Umra is an expiation for the sins committed between it and the next, and Hajj which is accepted will receive no other reward than Paradise.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) through another chain of transmitters.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying. He who came to this House (Ka'ba) (with the intention of performing Pilgrimage), and neither spoke indecently nor did he act wickedly. would return (free from sin) as on the (very first day) his mother bore him.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Mainsur with the same chain of transmitters (and the words are):" He who performed Pilgrimage but neither spoke indecently nor acted wickedly."
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him).
Chapter 78: ENCAMPING OF PILGRIMS IN MECCA AND INHERITING OF (THE PROPERTY OF THEIR ANCESTORS)
Usama b. Zaid b. Haritha (Allah be pleased with him) said to Alla's Messenger (may peace be upon him): Will you stay in your house at Mecca (which you abandoned at the time of migration)? Thereupon he said: Has 'Aqil left for as any land or house? And 'Aqil and Talib became the Inheritors of Abu Talib's (property), and neither Ja'far nor 'Ali inherited anything from him, for both (Ja'far and 'Ali) were Muslims whereas 'Aqil and Talib were non-Muslims.
Usama b. Zaid (Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah's Messenger, God willing, where will you stay tomorrow? And it was at the time of the Conquest (of Mecca). Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Has 'Aqil left any accommodation for us?
Chapter 79: THE MUHAJIR IS PERMITTED TO STAY FOR THREE DAYS IN MECCA AFTER HAJJ AND UMRA AND NOT MORE THAN THIS
Al-'Ali' b. al-Hadrami reported Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon as saying: For a Mahijir, it is only three (days') stay at Mecca, after completing (the Hajj or 'Umra) that is allowed, and it seemed as if he was saying that he should not (stay) beyond this (period).
Al-'Ali, ' b. al-Hadrami reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Muhijir should stay at Mecca after performing the rituals (of Hajj) but for three (days) only.
Al-'Ala' b. al-Hadrami reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: It is only for three nights that a Muhajir should stay at Mecca after the completion of the rituals of Hajj.
Al-" Ala' b. al-Hadrami reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The stay at Mecca after the completion of his rituals (of Hajj) is only for three days.
Ibn Juraij narrated this hadith with the same chain of transmitters.
Chapter 80: THE SACRED TERRITORY OF MECCA AND ITS INVIOLABILITY AND THE PROHIBITION TO DO HUNTING IN IT AND ITS SUBURBS, AND FELLING DOWN OF ITS TREES AND CUTTING ITS GRASS
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying on the Day of Victory over Mecca: There is no Hijra (emigration) but only Jihad and good intention; and when you are called to battle, then go forth. He also said on the Day of Victory over Mecca: Allah made this town sacred on the day He created the earth and the heavens; so it is -sacred by the sacred- ness conferred on it by Allah until the Day of Resurrection and fighting in it was not lawful to anyone before me, and it was made lawful for me only during an hour on one day, for it is sacred by the sacredness conferred on it by Allah until the Day of Resurrection. Its thorns are not to be cut, its game is not to be molested, and the things dropped are to be picked up only by one who makes a public announcement of it, and its fresh herbage is not to be cut. Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) said: Messenger of Allah, exception may be made in case of rush, for it is useful for their blacksmiths and for their houses. He (the Holy Prophet) conceding the suggestion of 'Abbas) said: Except rush.
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Mansur, but he did not mention:" On that very day He created the heavens and the earth," and he (the narrator) substituted the word" fighting" (qital) for" killing" (qatl), and further said:" No one is to pick up the dropped thing except one who makes a public announcement of it."
Abu Shuraih al-'Adawi reported that he said to Amr b. Sa'id when he was sending troops to Mecca: Let me tell you something. O Commander, which Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said on the day following, the Conquest which my ears heard and my heart has retained, and my eyes saw as he spoke it. He praised Allah and extolled Him and then said: Allah, not men, has made Mecca sacred; so it is not permissible for any person believing in Allah and the Last Day to shed blood in it, or lop a tree in it. If anyone seeks a concession on the basis of fighting of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), tell him that Allah permitted His Messenger, but not you, and He gave him permission only for an hour on one day, and its sacredness was restored on the very day like that of yesterday. Let him who is present convey the information to him who is absent. It was said to Abu Shuraih: What did Amr say to you? He said: I am better informed of that than you, Abu Shuraih, but the sacred territory does not grant protection to one who is disobedient, or one who runs away after shedding blood, or one who runs away after committing
Abu Huraira, (Allah be pleased with him) reported. When Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, granted Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) victory over Mecca, he stood before people and praised and extolled Allah and then said: Verily Allah held back the elephants from Mecca and gave the domination of it to His Messenger and believers, and it (this territory) was not violable to anyone before me and it was made violable to me for an hour of a day, and it shall not be violable to anyone after me. So neither molest the game, nor weed out thorns from it. And it is not lawful for anyone to pick up a thing dropped but one who makes public announcement of it. And it a relative of anyone is killed he is entitled to opt for one of two things. Either he should be paid blood-money or he can take life as (a just retribution). 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah's Messenger, but Idhkhir (a kind of herbage), for we use it for our graves and for our houses, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: With the exception of Idhkhir. A person known as Abu Shah, one of the people of Yemen, stood up and said: Messenger of Allah, (kindly) write it for me. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said I Write it for Abu Shah. Walid said: I asked al-Auzai': What did his saying mean:" Write it for me, Messenger of Allah"? He said: This very address that he had heard from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him).
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: The people of the Khuza'ah tribe killed a man of the tribe of Laith in the Year of Victory as a retaliation for one whom they had killed (whom the people of the tribe of Laith had killed). It was reported to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). He mounted his camel and delivered this address: Verily Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, held back the Ele- phants from Mecca, and gave its domination to His Messenger and believers. Behold, it was not violable for anyone before me and it will not be violable for anyone after me. Behold, it was made violable for me for an hour of a day; and at this very hour it has again been made inviolable (for me as well as for others). So its thorns are not to be cut, its trees are not to be lopped, and (no one is allowed to) pick up a thing dropped, but the one who makes an announcement of it. And one whose fellow is killed is allowed to opt between two alternatives: either he should receive blood-money or get the life of the (murderer) in return. He (the narrator said): A person from the Yemen, who was called Abu Shah, came to him and said: Messenger of Allah, write it down for me, whereupon he (Allah's Messenger) said: Write it down for Abu Shah. One of the persons from among the Quraish also said: Except Idhkhir, for we use it in our houses ant our graves. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Except Idhkhir.
Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) say: It is not permissible for any one of you to carry weapons in Mecca.
Chapter 81: IT IS PERMISSIBLE TO ENTER MECCA WITHOUT IHRAM
Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) entered Mecca in the Year of Victory with a helmet on his head; and when he took it off, a man came to him and said: Ibn Khatal is hanging on to the curtains of the Ka'ba, whereupon he said: Kill him. Malik (one of the narrators) attested this statement having been made.
Jabir b. 'Abdullah al-Ansari (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) entered Mecca and Qutaiba (another narrator) stated that he entered Mecca in the Year of Victory, wearing a black turban, but not wearing the Ihram.
Jabir b. Abdullah reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) entered on the day of Victory of Mecca wearing a black turban on his head. and she said: In case Allah cures me I will certainly go and observe prayer in Bait al-Maqdis. She recovered and so she made preparations to go out (to that place). She came to Maimuna. the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him). and after greeting her she informed her about it, whereupon she said: Stay here. and eat the provision (which you had made) and observe prayer In the mosque of the Messenger (may peace be upon him). for I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) say: Prayer in it is better than a thousand prayers observed in other mosques except the mosque of the Ka'ba.
Amr b. Huraith reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) addressed the people (on the day of the Victory of Mecca) with a black turban on his head.
Ja'far b. 'Amr b. Huraith reported his father as saying: As if I am seeing Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on the pulpit with a black turban on his head, and its two ends hanging between his shoulders. Abu Bakr (another narrator) did not make mention of:" Upon the pulpit".
Chapter 82: EMINENCE OF MEDINA. ALLAH'S APOSTLE (MAY PEACE BE UPON HIM) SHOWERED BLESSINGS UPON IT, ITS SACREDNESS, AND UNLAWFULNESS OF HUNTING AND LOPPING OF TREES AND DEMARCATION ITS PRECINCTS
'Abdullah b. Zaid b. 'Asim (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Verily Ibrahim declared Mecca sacred and supplicated (for blessings to be showered) upon its inhabitants, and I declare Medina to be sacred as lbrahim had declared Mecca to be sacred. I have supplicated (Allah for His blessings to be showered) in its sa' and its mudd (two standards of weight and measurement) twice as did Ibrahim for the inhabitants of Mecca. This hadith has been narrated through another chain of transmitters with a slight varia- tion of words.
Rafi' b. Khadij reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Ibrahim declared Mecca as sacred and I declare sacred the area between its two stony grounds (lava lands by which he meant Medina).
Nafi' b. Jubair reported that Marwan b. al-Hakam (Allah be pleased with him) addressed people and made mention of Mecca and its inhabitants and its sacredness, but he made no mention of Medina, its inhabitants and its sacredness. Rafi' b. Khadij called to him and said: What is this that I hear you making mention of Mecca and its inhabitants and its sacredness, but you did not make mention of Medina and its inhabitants and its sacredness, while the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) has also declared sacred (the area) between its two lava lands (Medina)? And (we have record of this) with us written on Khaulani parchment. If you like, I can read it out to you. Thereupon Marwan became silent, and then Said: I too have heard some part of it.
Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: Ibrahim declared Mecca as sacred; I declare Medina, that between the two mountains, as inviolable. No tree should be lopped and no game is to be molested.
Amir b. Sa'd reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with him) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: I have declared sacred the territory between the two lava plains of Medina, so its trees should not be cut down, or its game killed; and he also said: Medina is best for them if they knew. No one leaves it through dislike of it without Allah putting in it someone better than he in place of him; and no one will stay there in spite of its hardships and distress without my being an intercessor or witness on behalf of him on the Day of Resurrection.
'Amir b. Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with him) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said, and then the (above-mentioned) hadith was narrated with this addition:" None should nurse ill-will towards the people of Medina, or Allah will melt him in fire like the melting of lead or the dissolution of salt in water.
'Amir b. Sa'd reported that Sa'd rode to his castle in al-'Aqiq and found a slave cutting down the trees, or beating off their leaves, so he stripped him off his belongings. When Sa'd returned, there came to him the masters of the slave and negotiated with him asking him to return to their slave or to them what he had taken from their slave, whereupon he said: God forbid that I should return anything which Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) has given me as spoil, and refused to return anything to them.
Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to Abu Talha (Allah be pleased with him): Find for me a servant from amongst your boys to serve me. Abu Talha went out along with me and made me sit behind him. And I used to serve Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) whenever he got down from the camel. And in one hadith he said: He proceeded and when (the mountain of) Uhud was within sight, he said: This is the mountain which loves us and we love it. And as he came close to Medina he said: O Allah, I declare (the area) between the two mountains of it (Medina) sacred just as Ibrahim declared Mecca as sacred. O Allah, bless them (the people of Medina) in their mudd and sa'.
Anas b. Malik reported a hadith like this from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) except with this variation that he said:" I declare sacred the area between its two lava mountains."
'Asim reported: I asked Anas b. Malik whether Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had declared Medina as sacred. He said: Yes. (the area) between so and so. He who made any innovation in it, and further said to me: It is something serious to make any innovation in it (and he who does it) there is upon him the curse of Allah, and that of the angels and of all the people, Allah will not accept from him on the Day of Resurrection either obligatory acts or the surpererogatory acts. Ibn Anas said: Or he accommodates an innovator.
'Asim reported: I asked Anas (Allah be pleased with him) whether Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had declared Medina as sacred. He said: Yes, it is sacred, so its tree is not to be cut; and he who did that let the curse of Allah and that of the angels and of all people be upon him.
Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Allah bless them in their measurements, bless them in their sa's and bless them in their mudd.
Anas b. Malik (Allah he pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: O Allah, increase in Medina twice the blessings (Thou showered) on Mecca.
Ibrahim al-Taimi reported on the authority of his father: 'Ali b. Abi Talib (Allah be pleased with him) addressed us and said: He who thought that we have besides the Holy Qur'an anything else that we recite, he told a lie. And this document which is hanging by the sheath of the sword contains but the ages of the camels, and the nature of the wounds. He (Hadrat 'Ali) reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: Medina is sacred from 'Air to Thaur; So if anyone makes an innovation or accommodates an innovator, the curse of Allah, the angels, and all persons will fall upon him, and Allah will not accept any obligatory or supererogatory act as recompense from them. And the protection granted by the Muslims is one and must be respected by the humblest of them. If anyone makes a false claim to paternity, or being a client of other than his own masters, there is upon him the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people. Allah will not accept from him any recompense in the form of obligatory acts or supererogatory acts. The hadith transmitted on the authority of Abu Bakr and Zabair ends with (these words): The humblest among them should respect it; and what follows after it is not mentioned there, and in the hadith transmitted by them (these words are) not found: (The document was hanging) on the sheath of his sword.
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of A'mash with the same chain of transmitters (but at the end) these words are added:" He who violated the covenant with a Muslim, there is upon him the curse of Allah, of angels and of all people. Neither an obligatory act nor a supererogatory act would be accepted from him as recompense on the Day of Resurrection; and in the hadith transmitted by two other narrators these words are not found:" He who claimed false paternity." And in the hadith transmitted by Waki' there is no mention of the Day of Resurrection.
A hadith like this has been narrated with the same chain of transmitters by A'mash with a slight variation of words.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: Medina is a sacred territory, so he who made any innovation in it. or gave protection to an innovator, there is upon him the curse of Allah, that of the angels and that of all the people. There would not be accepted on the Day of Resurrection either obligatory acts or supererogatory acts from him.
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of A'mash with the same chain of transmitters, but no mention has been made of the Day of Resurrection. But this addition is made:" The protection granted by Muslims is one and must be respected by the humblest of them. And he who broke the covenant made by a Muslim, there is a curse of Allah, of his angels, and of the whole people upon him, and neither an obligatory act nor a supererogatory act would be accepted from him as recompense on the Day of Resurrection."
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: If I were to see deer grazing in Medina, I would have never molested them, for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) has stated: There is between the two lava mountains a sacred territory.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) declared sacred the territory between two lava mountains of Medina. Abu Huraira said: If I were to find deer in the territory between the two mountains, I would not molest them, and he (the Holy Prophet) declared twelve miles of suburb around Medina as a prohibited pasture.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that when the people saw the first fruit (of the season or of plantation) they brought it to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him). When he received it he said: O Allah, bless us in our fruits; and bless us in our city; and bless us in our sa's and bless us in our mudd. O Allah, Ibrahim was Thy servant, Thy friend, and Thy apostle; and I am Thy servant and Thy apostle. He (Ibrahim) made supplication to Thee for (the showering of blessings upon) Mecca, and I am making supplication to Thee for Medina just as he made supplication to Thee for Mecca, and the like of it in addition. He would then call to him the youngest child and give him these fruits.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) was given the first fruit and he said: O Allah, shower blessings upon us in our city, and in our fruits, in our mudd and in our sa's, blessings upon blessings, and he would then give that to the youngest of the children present there.
Abu Sa'id Maula al-Mahri reported that they were hard pressed by the distress and hardship of Medina, and he come to AbU Sa'Id al-Khudri and said to him: I have a large family (to support) and we are enduring hardships; I have, therefore, made up my mind to take my family to some fertile land. Thereupon Abu Sa'id said: Don't do that, stick to Medina, for we have come out with Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), and (I think that he also said) until we reached 'Usfan, and he (the Holy Prophet along with his Companions) stayed there for some nights. There the people said: By Allah, we are lying here idle, whereas our children are unprotected behind us, and we do not feel secure about them. This (apprehension of theirs) reached Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), whereupon he said: What is this matter concerning you that has reached me? (I do not retain how he said it, whether he said like this: ) By Him (in the name of Whom) I take oath, (or he said like this: ) By Him in Whose Hand is my life, I made up my mind or if you like (I do not retain what word did he actually say), I should command my camel to proceed and not to let it halt until it comes to Medina and then said: Ibrahim declared Mecca as the sacred territory and it became sacred, and I declare Medina as the sacred territory-the area between the two mountains ('Air and Uhud). Thus no blood is to be shed within its (bounds) and no weapon is to be carried for fighting, and the leaves of the trees there should not be beaten off except for fodder. O Allah, bless us in our city; O Allah, bless us in our sil; O Allah, bless us in our mudd; O Allah, bless us in our sa; O Allah, bless us in our mudd. O Allah, bless us in our city. O Allah, bless with this blessing two more blessings. By Him in Whose Hand is my life, there is no ravine or mountain path of Medina which is not protected by two angels until you reach there. (He then said to the people: ) Proceed, and we, therefore, proceeded and we came to Medina By Him (in Whose name) we take oath and (in Whose name) oath is taken (Hammad is in doubt about it), we had hardly put down our camel saddles on arriving at Medina that we were attacked by the people of the tribe of 'Abdullah b. Ghatafan but none dared to do it before.
Abu Sa'id al-Kbudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: O Allah, bless us in our sa' and mud and shower with its blessings two other blessings (multiply blessings showerted upon it).
A hadith like this has been narrated by Yabya b. Abu Kathir with the same chain of transmitters.
Abu Sa'id Maula al-Mahri reported that he came to Abu Sa'id al-Khudri during the nights (of the turmoil) of al-Barrah, and sought his advice about leaving Medina, and complained of the high prices prevailing therein and his large family, and informed him that he could not stand the hardships of Medina and its rugged surrounding. He said to him: Woe to you; I will not advise you to do it, for I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: No one will endure hardships of Medina without my being an intercessor or a witness on his behalf on the Day of Resurrectiar), if he is a Muslim.
Abd al-Rahman reported on the authority of his father Abu Sa'id (Allah be pleased with him) that he heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: I have declared sacred what is between the two lava grounds of Medina just as Ibrahim (peace be upon him) declared Mecca as sacred. He (the narrator) then said: Abu Sa'id caught hold of (Abu Bakr, another narrator, used the word" found" ) a bird in his hand and then released it from his hand and set it free.
Sahl b. Hunif reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) pointed with his hands towards Medina and said: That is a sacred territory and a place of safety.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: When we came to Medina, and it was an unhealthy, uncogenial place, Abu Bakr fell sick and Bilal also fell sick; and when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saw the illness of his Companions he said: O Allah, make Medina as congenial to us as you made Mecca congenial or more than that; make it conducive to health, and bleesus in its sa' and in its mudd, and transfer its fever to al-juhfa.
This hadith has been narrated by Hisham b. 'Urwa with the same chain of transmitters.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: He who patiently endures the hardships of it (of this city of Medina), I would be an intercessor or a withness on his behalf on the Day of Resurrection.
Yuhannis, the freed slave of Zubair, narrated that when he was sitting with Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) during the days of turmoil, his freed slave-girl came to him. After saluting him she said: Abu Abd al-Rahmin, I have decided to leave (Medina) for the time is hard for us, whereupon Abdullah said to her: Stay here, foolish lady, for I have heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: For one who shows endurance on the hardships and rigour of it (of Medina) I would be an intercessor or a witness on his behalf on the Day of Resurrection.
Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: He who patiently endured the hardships and rigours of (this city, i. e. Medina), I would be his witness and intercessor on the Day of Resurrection.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) as saying: For one among my Ummah who shows endurance against the hardships and rigours of Medina, I would be an intercessor or a witness on his behalf on the Day of Resurrection.
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) through another chain of transmitters.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: None who shows endurance on the hardships of Medina,... (the rest of the hadith is the same).
Chapter 83: THE SECURITY OF MEDINA AGAINST PLAGUE AND DAJJAL
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There are at the approaches of Medina angels so that plague and the Dajjal shall not penetrate into it.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Dajjal will come from the eastern side with the intention of attacking Medina until he will get down behind Uhud. Then the angels will turn his face towards Syria and there he will perish.
Chapter 84: MEDINA WIPES OUT EVIL FROM IT AND ITS OTHER NAMES ARE TABBA AND TAIBA
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: A time will come for the people (of Medina) when a man will invite his cousin and any other near relation: Come (and settle) at (a place) where living is cheap, come to where there is plenty, but Medina will be better for them; would they know it! By Him in Whose Hand is my life, none amongst them would go out (of the city) with a dislike for it, but Allah would make his successor in it someone better than be. Behold. Medina is like furnace which eliminates from it the impurities. And the Last Hour will not come until Medina banishes its evils just as a furnace eliminates the impurities of iron.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) as saying: I have been commanded (to migrate) to a town (Medina) which would overpower other towns. They (the people) call it Yathrib; its correct name is (in fact) Medina. It eliminates (bad) people just as a furnace removes the alloy of iron.
This hadith has been narrated by Yabya b. Sa'id with the same chain of transmitters (and the words are):" Just as a furance removes impurity," but no mention is made of iron.
Jabir b. Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported that a desert Arab swore allegiance to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). He suffered frozn a severe fever in Medina (and) so he came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying: Mubammad. cancel my oath of allegiance, but Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) refused it. He again came and caid: Cancel my oath of allegiance. but he (the Holy Prophet) refused it. He again came to him and said: Cancel my oath of allegiance, but he refused. The desert Arab, however, went away (cancelling the allegiance himself) ; thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Medina is like a furnace which drives away its impurity and purifies what is good.
Zaid b. Thabit reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: It is Taiba, thereby meaning Medina. It drives away impurity just as fire removes the impurity of silver.
Jabir b. Samura (Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) say: Allah named Medina as Tabba.
Chapter 85: ALLAH WILL PUNISH THOSE WHO INTEND TO DO ANY HARM TO THE CITIZENS OF MEDINA
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Abu'I-Qasim (Mubammad, may peace be upon him) said: He who intends to do harm to the people of this city (that is, Medina). Allah would efface him as salt is dissolved in water.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: He who intends to do harm to its people (he meant Medina), Allah would efface him as salt is dissolved in water. Ibn Hatim (one of the narrators) substituted the word" harm" for" mischief".
This hadith is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira by another chain of transmitters.
Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: He who intends to do harm to the people of Medina, Allah would efface him just as water dissolves salt.
Sa'd b. Malik heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying like this except (this variation) that he said:" Sudden attack or harm."
Abu Huraira and Sa'd reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) as saying: O Allah, bless the people of Medina in their mudd, the rest of the hadith being the same, and in It (this is also mentioned):" He wo intends to do harm to its people, Allah would efface him just as salt it dissolved in water."
Chapter 86: EXHORTATION TO STAY IN MEDINA WHEN THE TOWNS WILL BE CONQUERED
Sufyan b. Abd Zuhair reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Syria will be conquered and some people will go out of Medina along with their families driving their camels. and Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then Yemen will be conquered and some people will go out of Medina along with their families driving their camels, and Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then Iraq will be conquered and some people will go out of it along with their families driving their camels, and Medina is better for them if they were to know it.
Sufyan b. Abu Zuhair heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) say: Yemen will be conquered and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families on them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then Syria will be conquered and some people will go away driving their camels along with them and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for theni if they were to know it. Thtn lraq will be conquered and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority. while Medina is better for them if they were to know it.
Chapter 87: WHEN PEOPLE WILL ABANDON MEDINA
Salid b. Musayyib heard Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) say that 'Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said about Medina: Its inhabitants will abandon it, whereas it is good for them and it will become the haunt of beasts and birds. (Imam Muslim said that Abu Safwan, one of the narrators whose name was 'Abdullah b. 'Abd al-Malik, was an orphan and I bn juraij took him under his care for ten years.)
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) say: They (the residents of) Medina will abandon Medina whereas it is good for them and it will be haunted by beasts and birds, and two shepherds will come out from Muzainah intending (to go) towards Medina and tending their herd, and will find nothing but wilderness there until when they will reach the mountain path of Wada, they will fall down on their faces.
Chapter 88: BETWEEN THE GRAVE (OF THE HOLY PROPHET) AND THE PULPIT THERE IS A GARDEN FROM THE GARDENS OF PARADISE
AbduUah b. Zaid al-Mazini (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: That which is between my house" and my pulpit is a garden from the gardens of Paradise.
Abdullah b. Zaid al-Ansari heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: That which exists between my pulpit and my house is a garden from the gardens of Paradise.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: That which exists between my house and my pulpit is a garden from the gardens of Paradise, and my pulpit is upon my cistern.
Chapter 89: UHUD IS A MOUNTAIN: IT LOVES US AND WE LOVE IT
Abu Humaid (Allah be pleased with him) reported: We went out along with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) in the expedition of Tabuk, and Humaid further related: We proceeded until we reached the valley of Qura; and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: I am going forth, so he who among you wants to move fast with me may do so; and he who likes to go slowly may do so. We proceeded until Medina wag within our sight. and he said: This is Tibba (another name of Medina) ; this is Ubud, the mountain which loves us and we love it.
Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) as saying: Ohud is a mountain which loves us and which we love. This hadith is narrated by Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him) with another chain of transmitters (and the words are):" AIlah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) cast a glance at Ubud and said: Ubud is a mountain which loves us and we love it."
Chapter 90: THE MERIT OF PRAYING IN THE TWO MOSQUES, AT MECCA AND MEDINA
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) narrated It directly from Allah's Apostle' (may peace be upon him) having said this: A prayer in my mosque is a thousand times more excellent than a prayer in any other mosque, except Masjid al-Haram (Mosque of the Ka'ba).
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Prayer in my mosque is more excellent than a thousand prayers observed in other mosques except the Masjid al- Haram.
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported: Prayer in the mosque of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) is more excellent than a thousand prayers in other mosques except the Masjid al-Haram, for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) is the last of the Apostles, and his mosque is the last of the mosques. Abu Salama and Abu Abdullah (two of the narrators in this chain of narrations said: We had no doubt that what Abu Haraira (Allah be pleased with him) had said was from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and so we did not like to get an attestation from Abu Huraira about this hadith until Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) died. We discussed it (the issue of getting attestation from Abu Huraira) amongst ourselves and blamed one another as to why we did not talk about it to Abu Huraira regarding it so that he could attribute its transmission to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) in case he had heard It from him. While we were discussing it as we sat with 'Abdullah b. Ibrahlm b. Qariz; we made a mention of this hadith, and our omission (in getting its attestation) about its direct transmission by Abu Huraira from him (the Holy Proohet) ; thereupon Abdullah b. Ibrahim said to us: I bear witness to the fact that I heard Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) say that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: I am the last of the Apostles and my mosque is the last of the mosques.
Yahya b. Sa'id (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I said to Abu Salih: Did you hear Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) making a mention of the excellence of prayer in the mosque of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)? He said: No (I did not hear directly from Abu Huraira), but I heard Abdullah b. Ibrahlm b. Qariz; say that' he had heard from Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had said: Prayer in this mosque of mine is better than a thousand prayers. or. is like one thousand prayers observed in other mosques besides It, except that it be in al-Masjid al-Haram. This hadith has been narrated by Yabya b. Sa'id with the same chain of transmitters.
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: Prayer in this mosque of mine is better than a thousand prayers (observed in other mosque.) besides it, except that of Masjid al-Haram.
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Ubaidullah with the same chain of transmitters.
Ibn 'Umar reported: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying like this.
Ibn Umar narrated from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) a hadlth like this.
Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported that a woman fell ill and she said: In case Allah cures me I will certainly go and observe prayer in Bait al-Maqdis. She recovered and so she made preparations to go out (to that place). She came to Maimuna. the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him). and after greeting her she informed her about it, whereupon she said: Stay here. and eat the provision (which you had made) and observe prayer In the mosque of the Messenger (may peace be upon him). for I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) say: Prayer In it is better than a thousand prayers observed in other mosques except the mosque of the Ka'ba.
Chapter 91: DO NOT UNDERTAKE JOURNEY (PURELY FOR VISIT TO THE SACRED PLACES) BUT TO THREE MOSQUES
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported it directly from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) that he said: Do not undertake journey but to three mosques: this mosque of mine, the Mosque of al-Haram and the Mosque of Aqsa (Bait al-Maqdis).
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri (but with this change of words) that he (Allah's Apostle) said:" Undertake journey to three mosques."
Abu Haraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) as saying: One should undertake journey to three mosques: the mosque of the Ka'ba, my mosque, and the mosque of Elia (Bait al-Maqdis).
Chapter 92: THE MOSQUE FOUNDED ON PIETY IS THE MOSQUE OF THE APOSTLE (MAY PEACE BE UPON HIM) AT MEDINA
Abu Salama b. Abd al-Rabman reported: 'Abd al-Rabman b. Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) happened to pass by me and I said to him. How did you hear your father making mention of the mosque founded on Piety? He said: My father said: I went to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as he was in the house of one of his wives, and said: Messenger of Allah, which of the two mosques is founded on piety? Thereupon he took a handful of pebbles and threw them on the ground and then said: This is the very mosque of yours (mosque at Medina). He (the narrator) said: I bear witness that I heard your father making mention of it.
Abu Sa'id reported from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) a hadlth like this, but in the chain of transmitters no mention was made of Abd al- Rahman b. Abu Sa'id.
Chapter 93: EMINENCE OF THE MOSQUE OF QUBA'AND EXCELLENCE OF PRAYER IN IT
Ibn Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) visited (the mosque) at Quba' riding and on foot.
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to the mosque at Quba' riding and on foot, and he observed two rak'ahs of (Nafl prayer) in it.
Ibn 'Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to Quba' riding as well as on foot.
This hadith has been reported on the authority of Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) with another chain of transmitters.
Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) used to come to Quba' riding and on foot
Ibn 'Umar had narrated this hadith through another chain of transmitters.
Ibn Umar used to come to Quba' on every Saturday and he said: I saw Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) coming (to this place) on every Saturday.
'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) used to come to Quba', i. e. (he came) on every Saturday, and he used to come riding or on foot. Ibn Dinar (another narrator) said that Ibn Umar used to do like this. This hadlth has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Dinar, but he made no mention of:" Every Saturday."
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Mike Clink
Rich Davenport Rock Show - MIKE CLINK, JIMMY BARNES, PETE WAY & JOHN PARR
INTERVIEWS WITH PETE WAY (UFO, WAYSTED) JOHN PARR, MIKE CLINK, JIMMY BARNES AND SARACEN ON RICH DAVENPORT'S ROCK SHOW
Rich Davenport's Rock Show this week features in-depth interviews with Pete Way (UFO/Waysted), John Parr, producer Mike Clink (Guns & Roses, Metallica), Jimmy Barnes (Cold Chisel) and Saracen, and is available now for streaming at this link
http://www.mixcloud.com/richdav1/rich-davenports-rock-show-pete-way-mike-clink-john-parr-jimmy-barnes-saracen-interviews/
The first hour of the show features an exclusive interview with UFO/Waysted legend Pete Way, back in action after winning his recent battle against prostate cancer. We catch up with Pete as he resumes work on his forthcoming solo album 'Walking on the Edge', to find out how things are progressing. Assisting Pete with the recording is acclaimed producer Mike Clink, who gives an insight into Pete's album, and also talks about working with UFO on their classic 'Strangers in the Night' album, and also looks back on producing Guns & Roses' debut album, 'Appetite for Destruction', choosing a track from each of these seminal releases. As an added bonus, Pete's album is being recorded in John Parr's studio, Somewhere In Yorkshire, so John also gives his thoughts on 'Walking on the Edge' and also looks at his recent touring and recording work, and his plans for the future. Catch up with Pete at https://www.facebook.com/PeteWayofficial
In part 2, Scots-Australian vocal giant Jimmy Barnes (Cold Chisel) celebrates 30 years as a solo artist with songs from his new collaborative album 'Hindsight', which features powerful renditions of his hits, on which Jimmy is accompanied by an all star cast of musical friends (including Little Steven Van Zandt, Joe Bonamassa, and Journey's Neal Schon and Jonathan Cain) and members of the Barnes clan. Jimmy gives the low down on the recording of 'Hindsight', and outlines his touring plans.
And finally, guitarist and songwriter Rob Bendelow of Saracen talks the writing and recording of new album 'Redemption', which sees the band delivering a fine brace of epic Hard Rock songs in their trademark powerful style, as you'll hear on Rob's choice of tracks from the record.
You can also listen on Sunday 9th November 15:00-17:00 GMT and Tuesday 11th November 10:00-12.00 GMT, Thursday 13th November 07:00-09:00 on www.totalrock.com, and on hot new Texas rock and metal station KXZR Radio at www.kxzr.fm
Pete Way
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Home Government / Civic Education Government sets agenda for 2016-17 school year
Government sets agenda for 2016-17 school year
Ms Isabelle Bonnal, Director of the Department of Education, Youth and Sport, with Mme Marie-Claire Moreno, Assistant to the Director, at a press conference Monday morning.
Ms Isabelle Bonnal, Director of the Department of Education, Youth and Sport, confirmed during Monday morning’s press conference at the start of the new academic year that the total number of pupils enrolled in the Principality’s schools is up by 46 on last year’s figures, with, as of September 2, 2016, 4580 in the public school system and 1303 in the private school.
Ms Bonnal assured the audience that both systems enjoy the “same quality of teaching” from Monaco’s 813 teachers.
Students will have 148 vacation days this year, 72 which make up summer holidays, 14 days more than the Academy of Nice.
Three new schools are planned for the coming years, with “Operation Stella”, a kindergarten (maternelle) in the Condamine, opening in September 2018, the Collège Lycée FANB (middle school/high school) scheduled for end of that same year or beginning of 2019, and the first stone being laid in October for a new college Charles III, on the west side of the Principality due to open around 2020/2021.
During the major renovation work on Stade Louis II after 30 years of “loyal service”, access will continue for schools’ physical education lessons, assured Ms Bonnal. She also highlighted that intensive English and European studies will be maintained within the curriculum, insisting that language learning is a priority, with a particular emphasis on oral practice.
World Art Day (April 15), Canada Celebrates 150 (a week of Canadian food in conjunction with the Lycée Technique et Hotelier Monaco) and an Electric Bike assignment are a few of the projects lined up across the year to engage students culturally. The annual Christmas Charity Show involving students from 3me to 6me at Collège Charles III, will be held on January 20, 2017. On the sports side, a Monegasque delegation of four students will participate in the Francophonie Games 2017 in the Ivory Coast (July 21-30) and a weekly yoga class will be introduced in primary schools, led by a qualified Monegasque yoga instructor.
The question of security was raised at the end of the conference, as police officers were present at schools last week in Nice, where classes start a week earlier. Ms Bonnal quickly reminded the room that security has always been a priority in Monaco schools, and that pupils are met by a school official at the entrance of the building. Cars can no longer park outside a school to drop off, even for a minute, and each school has a “police reference”, a direct dial number to ensure the quickest response time in case of an emergency.
With a 100 percent success rate at the Baccalaureate last year, including 64 “très bien” honours, the department emphasised it will continue to assist students in their academic journey, and has the necessary tools in place, including 210 new tablets to help teach math, for the 2016-17 school year.
Partnership formed between the Government and Science...
Education Staff Writer - January 22, 2019
Children's health and nutrition were at the heart of the exchanges that took place in front of 130 students from 50 different nationalities.
Free entry to Oceanographic Museum for kids...
Education Staff Writer - February 26, 2018
The Oceanographic Museum is inviting young and old to celebrate Carnival and, until March 11, children ages 12 and under are invited to come in disguise to take advantage of an offer of free admission. Every Saturday, Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday at midday, and every day at 2 pm and 4 pm, up to 15 children at a time can spend up to 40 minutes each in the “tactile” area, where they can reach out and touch baby sharks and other marine animals. Reservations can be made online or at the ticket office for a supplement of €6 per child from age 3 to 12. Additionally, a number of films will be shown over the holiday period. The Oceanographic Museum is using the school holidays to educate young people about the ocean. Among many initiatives is the Snapper Club, for children between 8 and 12. With an educational team on hand, the young explorers will take part over five days, from 9 am to 5 pm, in games and activities about the oceans and their animal life. There are two sessions, February 26 -March 2, and March 5-March 9. Sign up online. At the School of Fine Arts Pavillon Bosio (1 ave des Pins, Monaco-Ville), during the first week of the winter school holidays, a ceramic course is being offered. On the program: discovery and deepening of ceramic construction and surface treatment techniques with Jeffrey Haines. From February 26 to March 02, 10 am to 1 pm and 2 pm to 5 pm. During the second week, a "Living Model, The Movement" workshop with Laure Fissore. More info from: esap@mairie.mc
http://www.monacolife.net/ium-and-oceanographic-combine-to-meet-awareness-challenge/
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Home Featured Articles Demonstration Kit Provides Hands-On Radar Experience
Demonstration Kit Provides Hands-On Radar Experience
by Pasternack Enterprises
Learning the fundamentals of radar is a daunting task, and while textbooks and lectures are invaluable tools, nothing beats hands-on experience. With this in mind, Pasternack has introduced a radar demonstration kit that includes the hardware and software required to demonstrate how radar works. Although the radar itself is very basic, it still provides a wealth of opportunities for discovering how radar systems work, their elements, waveforms, effects of filtering, and many other functions that are easier to understand when seeing them in action.
The PEM11000-KIT consists of a radar system board that operates in the 2450 MHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band used by Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, and many other unlicensed systems (Figure 1), two simple antennas, RF and power cable assemblies, software, plus a detailed instruction guide. The system can also be purchased as the PEM11002-KIT which includes a USB-enabled battery pack and a tripod on which the radar antennas are mounted. The battery pack requires a Bluetooth connection to interface with the radar board and operates for up to 2 hours on a charge.
Figure 1: The radar kit is deceptively simple and provides a window into radar operation
The radar demonstration kit provides for single tone, frequency ramp, and sawtooth waveforms; provides an audio output and onboard speaker for understanding changes in the received signal; and an array of LEDs used for error alerts and other purposes. The system also allows the user to apply different types of filters and view the results, and is controlled by either USB or Bluetooth. USB is used to control a desktop or laptop computer and Bluetooth provides control when paired with an Android smartphone or tablet or any Bluetooth-enabled computer.
A variety of typical radar applications can be illustrated using the system. Radio Detection and Ranging (RaDaR, i.e. range vs. time), for example, one of the core functions of every radar, can be used to detect either fixed or moving objects in any of the system’s sweep modes. To detect objects in motion, it can be configured for continuous wave mode and the resulting Doppler frequency shift of the received signal determines the object’s speed. Combining these two principles, a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) signal [1] such as a linear ramp can be used to determine both object speed and range detection simultaneously (such as detecting someone entering a room). The sawtooth waveform is another form of FMCW that allows the “sign of the Doppler” to be determined, to tell if a person or object is moving away or towards the radar.
What’s in the Kit
Figure 2: The radar board includes all digital and RF hardware, a speaker, interfaces for power and USB, and includes an area dedicated to filter prototyping
The radar board (Figure 2) that is the core of the system contains all required digital and RF hardware as well as interfaces for power, control, and RF output to the antennas. The radar board is subdivided into digital, Bluetooth, audio feedback, RF, and filter prototyping sections. The digital section contains a PIC microcontroller and ADC as well as USB and power interface. The controller orchestrates all functions on the radar board in response to control commands delivered via USB or Bluetooth.
The ADC digitizes the received signal after filtering and is stored in system memory or streamed via Bluetooth. The antennas themselves are classic “cantennas;” cylinders about the size of a soup can with one end open and the other sealed. The sealed end is drilled to accept an SMA flange connector that acts as a reflector. A metal rod is soldered to the center connector and functions as a launch for the RF signal. The PEM11002 model includes a mounting plate that accommodates the radar board and antennas and is drilled for tripod mounting (Figure 2).
The RF section on the board generates the transmit signal and downconverts the received signal to a frequency that can be digitized by the ADC. The transmit signal is generated by a VCO whose output is locked using PLL and an onboard clock reference. The VCO output is amplified before being sent to the antenna.
An important area on the board is dedicated to filter prototyping so that the received and downconverted IF signals can be acted upon using active or passive filters supplied by the user. This essentially functions as a test bed for evaluating various types of filters, their characteristics, and their effect on the signal. A test signal can be sent directly to the filter via an onboard MCX connector, bypassing the rest of the RF and IF chains. A known good test signal can also be sent directly to the ADC via the MCX connector.
The software accompanying the radar demonstration kit provides a graphical interface into the operation and configuration of the system (Figure 3). The kit is designed to function as a USB Test and Measurement Class (USBTMC) device and no additional drivers are required. USBTMC is an open standard for control of USB-based test instruments and defines commands used to send messages to and from an instrument. It is programmed using SCPI commands similar to those employed by IEEE-488.
Figure 3: The user interface lets the user orchestrate all of the system’s functions, and can display a variety of conditions depending on the operating mode
USB communication is accomplished using Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA) libraries for National Instruments, Keysight Technologies, and Tektronix instruments. These libraries can be purchased from either Pasternack or the instrument vendors.
Audio and visual feedback to the user concerning signal strength, presence of errors, and other conditions is provided by a bar of LEDs on the radar board. As the system’s IF frequency is in the audible portion of the spectrum, the onboard speaker lets users listen to changes in the received frequency. Volume is controlled by a potentiometer.
The output frequency profile is controlled by the start and stop frequencies and sweep type, the latter determining the ramp profile of the output waveform. Ramp, triangle, automatic triangle, and CW modes can be selected. When configured for ramp sweep (the time required to sweep from start to stop frequencies), the system sweeps between a specified start and stop frequency and once the stop frequency is reached, it goes back to the start frequency. The ramp process then begins again based on a hardware or software trigger signal. The ramp time can be set by the user to any value between 1 and 65,536 ms and the maximum usable ramp time is determined by the start and stop frequencies, reference frequency, and reference divider.
When configured for triangle sweep, the output frequency starts from the start frequency and increases linearly until the stop frequency is reached after which the output frequency is linearly decreased until the start frequency is reached. The process is repeated if a trigger is received.
Table 1: Radar demonstration kit features
In automatic sweep mode, the sweep begins at the start frequency and increases linearly until the stop frequency is reached, after which the output is linearly decreased until the start frequency is reached. This process is performed automatically without requiring a trigger until a stop command is received. In CW mode a single frequency tone is output at a specified frequency.
Both radar demonstration kits include a user manual that describes all aspects of how the system works, how it can be controlled and includes a section on radar basics as well. The PEM11000-KIT is priced at $2,399.97 and the PEM11002-KIT is $2613.30; they are available for same-day delivery. More information is available at www.pasternack.com.
[1] M. I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1980. (Note: The discussion on FMCW radar is not covered in the Third Edition).
Methods of Suppressing PIM in Multicarrier Systems
Gunn Diode Waveguide Oscillators
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Peter Pan Lesson Plans
By hadensites books, Lesson Plans
Peter Pan was written by James M. Barrie a century ago as a play and then as a novel. You can find the text online at The Literature Network, but there’s also a beautiful book illustrated by Michael Foreman, or a Little Golden Book version based on the Walt Disney film.
Disney made the animated film in 1953, but there was a 1954 musical (the link is to the 1991 version with gymnast Cathy Rigby) and a 2003 remake using live actors.
Barrie’s original contains offensive terms for a variety of ethnic groups and a fair amount of bloodthirstiness (Peter Pan, for example, “thins” the Lost Boys when they begin to grow up and they’re all very frightened of him). The cleaned up versions may be more suitable for young children.
Peter Pan is a boy who refuses to grow up, choosing instead to live in Neverland. He visits the children of the Darling family (John, Michael, and Wendy) and loses his shadow in their house. Wendy sews his shadow back on for him, he teaches the children to fly, and they head off together for Neverland.
Wendy is to be the mother of all the boys in Neverland, but they shoot her with an arrow before realizing who she is. The boys get together and keep her alive, and she settles down to be their mother.
Neverland is populated by pirates, Lost Boys (those who fell out of their prams as babies), Native Americans, mermaids, and beasts of various kinds, including a crocodile. Peter Pan cut off the pirate captain’s hand, which was replaced by a hook, so the captain is now known as Captain Hook. Peter threw the hand to a crocodile, which has followed Captain Hook around ever since, hoping to eat the rest of him. The crocodile also swallowed a clock, so the ticking sound alerts Hook when she comes near to him.
Adventures are, in Neverland, “a daily occurrence,” and much of the book tells about those adventures.
The pirates capture Wendy, Peter Pan leads the boys to save her, and Captain Hook, the captain of the pirates, is eaten by the crocodile. The Darling children return home at the end, bringing a few Lost Boys with them, and there is a bittersweet moment when Peter realizes that the joys of ordinary family life are not for him. Depending which version you read or watch, you may also see him coming back to visit Wendy and meeting her daughter Jane.
Our Classroom Pirate Theme Ideas can work well with Peter Pan.
“All children, except one, grow up.” This is the first line of Peter Pan, and of course Peter is the one child who refuses to grow up. Use this idea as a writing prompt. Have students list all the consequences of remaining a child forever. Then have them use the list to write a first person essay from the point of view of someone who has been a child for a long time.
“I don’t know whether you have ever seen a map of a person’s mind,” Barrie writes in the first chapter. He goes on to describe what a child’s mind is like, implying that Neverland exists — though differently — in each child’s mind. Have students describe the Neverland in their minds. This would also be a good time to introduce the technique of mind mapping, which can be very helpful for pre-writing. A good book on the subject is Visual Tools for Transforming Information Into Knowledge by David Hyerle. We use ConceptDraw MINDMAP software for this purpose, but Mindjet MindManager is another option, and Edraw has a free option.
A word search from Kaboose introduces some basic vocabulary from the story. The same page has a Peter Pan themed maze. The same site has coloring pages with the Disney images.
Printable bookmarks are good for keeping your place while reading the novel, and for collecting new words to look up.
In the musical, there is a song called, “I Won’t Grow Up.” In it, the singers argue about whether to say “Not I” or “Not me.” Have students research this grammar question and come to a decision.
The Darling family has a dog for a nurse. The novel explains that the Darling family had to have a nurse in order to fit in, but couldn’t afford a human one. Have students research the position of nurse or Nanny and list reasons people choose to employ them now, and in 1904 when the play was first produced. Older students might consider why this servant position is still relatively popular, when few households now have other servants.
Discuss the female characters in Peter Pan. The play was written in 1904, the Disney movie was filmed in 1953, and the musical was written in 1954. Ask students to imagine that they are going to update the story for a new generation. How would they approach the position of women through the characters of Mrs. Darling, Tinkerbell, Wendy, and Tiger Lily?
A map reading lesson has kids search for Captain Hook’s treasure.
Barry describes the situation when the Darling children arrive at Neverland like this: ”The lost boys were out looking for Peter, the pirates were out looking for the lost boys, the redskins were out looking for the pirates, and the beasts were out looking for the redskins. They were going round and round the island, but they did not meet because all were going at the same rate.” Use manipulatives to demonstrate the problem.
Time is different in Neverland, though: “As time wore on did she think much about the beloved parents she had left behind her? This is a difficult question, because it is quite impossible to say how time does wear on in the Neverland, where it is calculated by moons and suns, and there are ever so many more of them than on the mainland.” Have students calculate the ratio of Neverland days to “mainland” days.
Time “is calculated by moons and suns, and there are ever so many more of them than on the mainland.” This could be a good opportunity to talk about the rotation of the earth and how it creates day and night.
Peter loses his shadow. Eye on the Sky has a good basic lesson plan on shadows. ReadWriteThink has a more complete one.
One of Peter Pan’s main characteristics is conceit. Compare self esteem and conceit, using Venn diagrams.
Leadership is a topic in Peter Pan. Have students identify the characters who show leadership (it will vary from one version to another) and the characteristics they have. Discuss the different approaches to leadership in the story.
Peter Pan Signature Collection (With Bonus)
Walt Disney's Peter Pan (Disney Classic) (Little Golden Book)
The Annotated Peter Pan (The Centennial Edition) (The Annotated Books)
Peter Pan - Starring Mary Martin
Peter Pan Return to Neverland
Posters USA Disney Classics Peter Pan Poster - DISN111 (16" x 24" (41cm x 61cm))
HSE Peter PAN (RKO 1953) Vintage Movie Poster Walt Disney Musical Kids 24X36 New - 2 to 5 Days Shipping from USA
Peter Pan Cartoon Wall Decal Sticker 22"x 22"
Super Z Outlet Black Felt Pirate Captain Eye Patches Skull Crossbones for Children Party Favors and Costume Prop (24 Pack)
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Bikie charged over Brisbane rampage
AN accused bikie has been charged after going on a rampage at a Brisbane hotel, fighting with patrons and punching out glass windows and doors.
Accoding to police, the 29-year-old, who’s allegedly linked to a criminal bikie gang, got into a fight with other patrons at the hotel at Forest Lake on September 26.
It’s understood he starting throwing punches at the glass windows and doors after being escorted out by security officer.
He’s also said to have hurled a bar stool through one of the hotel’s windows.
Police from the Sunshine Coast District Criminal Motorcycle Gang Squad arrested the man on Wednesday, more than a month after the incident.
The man has been charged with wilful damage and being drunk and disorderly on licensed premises. He’s due to front the Maroochydore Magistrates Court on Wednesday.
http://www.mygc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/gold-coast-news.jpg 321 845 myGC http://www.mygc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/mygc-logo.png myGC2014-10-29 08:23:052014-10-29 08:23:05Bikie charged over Brisbane rampage
We are the lucky country Big Brother: Marina evicted and Ryan splits the house
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Home 360 Gurinder Chadha fails to recreate magic of ‘Bend it like Beckham’ with...
Gurinder Chadha fails to recreate magic of ‘Bend it like Beckham’ with Springsteen-inspired ‘Blinded by the Light’
Sujeet Rajan
Viveik Kalra in Blinded by the Light (2019). Courtesy of Sundance Insttiute. Photo by Nick Wall – © 2019 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.
NEW YORK – Nearly two decades after the coming-of-age drama set in England ‘Bend it like Beckham,’ director Gurinder Chadha tries to resuscitate the magic of that smash hit film of striving against societal odds and rebelling against family’s wishes for one’s passion, in her new venture ‘Blinded by the Light,’ which will release in theaters on August 14, 2019.
Chadha’s self-styled ‘hybrid musical’, ‘Blinded by the Light’, is based on Pakistani-origin writer Sarfraz Manzoor’s memoir ‘Greetings From Bury Park: Race, Religion and Rock N’ Roll’, inspired by his obsession and inspiration with the music of Bruce Springsteen, growing up in Luton, England.
The film, which takes its title from the opening track in Springsteen’s 1973 debut album, “Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.’, is set in 1987. It revolves around the life of a Pakistani Muslim school-going teenager, Javed (played by Viveik Kalra), who is caught in the vicissitudes of the strict, conservative upbringing of his middle class immigrant family, trying hard to make ends meet in their small town, and his love for writing poetry.
The 16-year-old Javed dreams of getting away from the drudgery of his lackluster town which has few job opportunities, of a fulfilling life in cosmopolitan London, not too far from where he is growing up. He whiles away his time writing poetry sitting on grass banks adjoining a highway, watching cars speed away.
Things take a turn for the worse for Javed and his family when his father (played by Kulvinder Ghir) loses his factory job, and Javed’s mother (played by Meera Ganatra) has to work excruciatingly longer hours as a seamstress at home, to pay bills.
Javed faces the constant ire and frustration of his father for not paying more attention to courses in school which will lead to the prospects of a good job, like economics. Poetry and writing, his father reckons, is a waste of time, with only a deplorable life ahead.
It’s at this dark and morose period in his fledgling life, when despair is high, and he shreds to pieces the poetry he’s written, that Javed is exposed to the music of the ‘boss’ from New Jersey, Bruce Springsteen, by an Indian American fellow student at his school, Roops (played by Aaron Phagura).
Nell Williams (middle), Aaron Phagura (left), and Viveik Kalra in Blinded by the Light (2019). Courtesy of Sundance Institute. Photo by Nick Wall – © 2019 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.
It’s a life-transforming moment for Javed.
Javed gets caught up in the throes of Springsteen’s lyrics and music, even though a generation past, and he’s surrounded in the present by the ‘Wham! boys and Bananarama girls’. The music of Springsteen speak the trauma and angst of his life, courses through his headphones, cajole him to break free of shackles, lead a more dynamic life.
The lyrics from Sprinsgteen’s early tracks, like ‘Dancing in the Dark’, ‘Born to Run’, ‘Because the Night’, ‘The River’ and ‘Backstreets’, resonate with Javed like never before. He makes a string of startling, drastic choices which he wouldn’t have dared think of before, even snagging a girlfriend in the process (played by Nell Williams).
While the lead actors in ‘Blinded by the Light’ give a satisfying performance, with Kalra a stand-out, Chadha focuses far too long on the troubles and inner struggles of Javed’s family, which detracts from the momentum of the film.
The explicit racism of the time against immigrants and conservatism in the film seen though the life of Javed and his family, again dabbles on the trite and tired side, as it’s something which Chadha relied upon heavily in ‘Bend it like Beckham’ to give complex layers. That was 17 years ago though. In the day and age of Brexit-rage and Trump, it’s like invoking the spirit of the Renaissance period. Stale and contrite. Routine affair which one doesn’t want to see on screen too.
‘Blinded by the Light’ has too many complacent, languorous stretches of depiction of tough life of immigrants and workers, some of which Springsteen’s songs may certainly talk of, but dampens the essence of the film.
Not to say that there are not some high moments though, in the film. A merry prank by Javed and his friends in school to revive interest in Springsteen, and an exhilarating exchange with immigration officers at Newark airport, are memorable. One can only wish, Chadha had infused many more such moments.
‘Blinded by the Light’ had a private screening last month, at the Village East Cinema, in New York, followed by a party at the B Bar & Grill. Chadha, Manzoor, and some members of the cast attended the screening.
‘Blinded by the Light’ had a private screening last month, at the Village East Cinema, in New York, followed by a party at the B Bar & Grill. Photo: Sujeet Rajan.
At the fun-filled party, there were live performances of some of Springsteen’s favorite numbers, and spots for attendees to try play along with a juke box, and instruments.
Chadha’s new film evinced a lot of interest from studios. Warner Bros.’ New Line Cinema picked up the movie for $15 million, reported NJ Advance Media. After a recent screening of the film, at the Montclair Film Festival, Chadha explained how she dealt with the memoir and bring it to life on screen.
“I had to make it feel like all those songs were written for me and written for the movie,” Chadha said, reported NJ Advance Media. “’Dancing in the Dark’ was definitely the epiphany moment.”
The biggest challenge for Chadha’s film, though – apart from its appeal to Springsteen fans, would be to get the technology-fixated new generation, iGen, to fall in love and empathize with music of yesteryears.
(Sujeet Rajan is Executive Editor, Parikh Worldwide Media. Email him: sujeet@newsindiatimes.com Follow him on Twitter @SujeetRajan1)
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Bataan Death March
The surrender of Bataan led to one of the worst atrocities in history. The Imperial Japanese soldiers rounded up 60,000-80,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war who surrendered at Corregidor and Bataan. They were marched from Bagac and Mariveles to Camp O'Donnell stretching nearly 70 miles over the span of 7-10 days.
During the march, soldiers were starved along the way. Those who were suffering from diseases and malnutrition were left behind or shot to death. Those who were too weak to walk were bayoneted. There were also public executions of Allied soldiers along the way. Even Filipino civilians who provided water and sustenance to the marching soldiers were beaten by the Imperial Japanese soldiers. Although the exact figure is unknown, it is believed that about 7,000 people died from the march. The survivors of Bataan Death March faced limited rice rations, disease, and torture in the camps until the end of the war in August of 1945.
Lester Tenney- Survivor of Bataan Death March
Tenney was a tank commander with the 192nd Tank Battalion. He survived the Bataan Death March, camp, passage to Japan in a "hell ship", torture, and 3 years of forced labor in a coal mine before he was liberated at the end of the war.
"Number one, we had no food or water. Number two, you just kept walking the best way you could. It wasn't a march. It was a trudge... Most of the men were sick, they had dysentery, they had malaria, they had a gunshot wound... A man would fall down and they would holler at him to get up. I saw a case where they didn't even holler at him. The man fell down, the Japanese took a bayonet and put it in him. I mean, two seconds."
This content is a supplementary resource guide to our book.
Philippines' Resistance: The Last Allied Stronghold in the Pacific
The people of the Philippine Islands during the early half of the 20th century experienced various waves of Western imperialism, two wars of attempted secession from Western powers, and two world wars. And yet the Philippine Islands and its people have received only small subheadings in many American textbooks and histories.
The wartime experiences from the perspectives of the Philippine people have gone unnoticed and have become overshadowed by the sociopolitical dominating legacy of American figures like General MacArthur, leader and historical symbol of the Pacific Theater during World War II. MacArthur's famous phrase "I came through and shall return" is etched into every facet of World War II historical narratives, textbooks, and monuments that pay tribute to the Allied forces in the retaking of the Pacific from the Japanese. But It is the lesser known people and leaders of the Philippine resistance against the Axis powers whose efforts and contributions allowed for the effective and speedy return of MacArthur's military forces.
The Philippine guerrilla resistance consisted of a diverse cast of Filipino men and women, ethnic and indigenous minorities, American and European immigrants and soldiers, young and old, rich and poor, from farmer to politician. The various units of Philippine guerrillas, their tactics, military resources, and vigor to survive and end the Japanese maltreatment of the Philippine peoples paint the Pacific Theater from 1941-1945 as desperate, dark, and bloody for Asian communities throughout East and Southeast Asia. But their resourcefulness, cooperative efforts to collaborate and network with MacArthur across the South Pacific, and massive grassroots liberation movement directly point to the remarkable value that the Philippine Underground Resistance proved to be in aiding the Allies' ability to retake the Pacific.
The Japanese Invasion & Conquest of the Philippines
Formation of Underground
Philippines Resistance
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> Lindajonsson74 > Units of Inquiry > Exhibition > Sharing the Planet
EcoKids: Threats to our forests. Deforestation Results of deforestation Forests are cleared all around the world for a number of reasons, including: Harvesting of timber to produce wood and paper products Clearing land for farms, cash-crop plantations, and cattle ranching Clearing land for urban development, including homes and roads.
Forests are also being destroyed by acid rain resulting from our pollution-causing activities and through the introduction of disease and invasive species. Deforestation is a very real environmental threat. What happens when forests are cleared? Floods and soil erosion Erosion The roots of a tree make gaps in the soil so that when it rains the water can sink in before being absorbed by the soil. National Geographic: Deforestation. Modern-Day Plague Deforestation is clearing Earth's forests on a massive scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the land.
Forests still cover about 30 percent of the world’s land area, but swaths the size of Panama are lost each and every year. The world’s rain forests could completely vanish in a hundred years at the current rate of deforestation. Forests are cut down for many reasons, but most of them are related to money or to people’s need to provide for their families.The biggest driver of deforestation is agriculture.
Farmers cut forests to provide more room for planting crops or grazing livestock. Logging operations, which provide the world’s wood and paper products, also cut countless trees each year. CBBC Newsround: Amazon deforestation. Some main reasons why areas of rainforests are cut down:Farming e.g. soya fields, cattle ranches Mining Flooding areas of land as part of hydro electric power stations Logging to sell the timber Once the trees go, the soil becomes infertile in one or two years, making it poor for farming.
Hunting becomes more difficult for the people who live there as the habitat for wildlife is lost. Traditional people's cultures are also lost. The effects of deforestation: Trees are removed. Trees do not protect soil so nutrients are washed out by the rain. Soil is now less fertile and the unprotected surface becomes dry and compacted. It is hard for rain to soak into the soil, so flooding may occur. Live Science: Deforestation. Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses.
An estimated 18 million acres (7.3 million hectares) of forest, which is roughly the size of the country of Panama, are lost each year, according to the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Some other statistics: About half of the world's tropical forests have been cleared (FAO) Forests currently cover about 30 percent of the world’s land mass (National Geographic) Forest loss contributes between 6 percent and 12 percent of annual global carbon dioxide emissions (Nature Geoscience) About 36 football fields worth of trees lost every minute (World Wildlife Fund (WWF)) Deforestation occurs around the world, though tropical rainforests are particularly targeted.
NASA predicts that if current deforestation levels proceed, the world's rainforests may be completely in as little as 100 years. Error loading player: No playable sources found Weather vs. Voices of Youth: Deforestation. Member since February 8, 2014 1 Post Deforestation is when humans remove forest areas and the land is turned to something other than a forest.
Sometimes this is done because humans need the trees or because humans need to use the land as farmland or even to create a city. The video above provided by NASA shows a place in Africa where the forests have been cleared and you can see the dirt coming through. WWF: Deforestation Main Page. Forests cover 31% of the land area on our planet.
They produce vital oxygen and provide homes for people and wildlife. Many of the world’s most threatened and endangered animals live in forests, and 1.6 billion people rely on benefits forests offer, including food, fresh water, clothing, traditional medicine and shelter. But forests around the world are under threat from deforestation, jeopardizing these benefits. Deforestation comes in many forms, including fires, clear-cutting for agriculture, ranching and development, unsustainable logging for timber, and degradation due to climate change. This impacts people’s livelihoods and threatens a wide range of plant and animal species. Forests play a critical role in mitigating climate change because they act as a carbon sink—soaking up carbon dioxide that would otherwise be free in the atmosphere and contribute to ongoing changes in climate patterns. WWF: Deforestation.
Kids.Mongabay.com: Deforestation. Deforestation refers to the cutting, clearing, and removal of rainforest or related ecosystems into less bio-diverse ecosystems such as pasture, cropland, or plantations (Kricher, 1997).
ESchoolToday: Forest Preservation. Introduction to forest preservation Environmental activists consider forests as one of the top 5 natural resources on earth.
This is rightly so, and today, we shall look at how wonderful our forests are to us, and why we should immediately stop its' destruction. There is more to forests than just a massive collection of trees. It is a natural, complex ecosystem, made up of a wide variety of trees, that support a massive range of life forms.
Related: Farming, fishing and silviculture - Rainforest - Agriculture curriculum - Deforestation - Deforestation - tips and tricks - Deforestation - La déforestation - Animal Habitat Loss - Disappearing Rainforest - Deforestation - Deforestation Group 1 - Destroying Rainforest - Deforestation 2 - Destruction of Rainforest - Congo - National Geographic: Deforestation - CBBC Newsround: Amazon deforestation - Live Science: Deforestation - WWF: Deforestation Main Page - Déforestation - Deforestation - 3c LAND - DEFORESTATION IN TROPICS - Life on land: Protecting from Deforestation - Deforestation 2017 - Rainforest Information for Kids - Rain Forest Threats, Rain Forest Species - Solutions to Deforestation | Greenpeace - Déforestation — Wikipédia - Deforestation - Chef RAONI contre le barrage de Belo Monte - spot de soutien de JAN KOUNEN avec VINCENT CASSEL - YouTube - Deforestation Facts for Kids - Education - Enterprise
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Black Maria (Update 5)
by Dammy | Jun 30, 2019 | LSD Library | 0 comments
Read the previous update here.
A month after his mother’s demise, Black was evicted from the house. The deluge that came in the night had not ceased, and yet before the deluge, the night had been quiet, eerily so. But when the rain poured, it brought with it a special kind of coldness. The night had been too cold for Peter to endure with his usual equanimity. The rain that had started had been supported with series of heavy breeze. His mother’s blanket had done little to shield him from the iciness of the weather. The roof was leaking, too, so Black crouched himself at one corner of the dilapidating building. He wished his mother was with him in this darkness, he would feel safer if she were here. Now, Black was terribly afraid; afraid of the world, of the bleak future that awaited him. The ten-year-old child was not unlike a homeless kitten.
The morning came and the rain still hadn’t stopped, and Black lay on the cold floor, shivering. The same ailment which had claimed his mother was gradually falling him, too. He could not rise up to prepare for school; he was running fever and his temperature was rising even in the cold. There was no one to take care of him. He was starving, too; hunger was ravaging him, and he had no strength to go out today and steal his food.
The iron-black clouds that had masked the sky this early morning, and had threatened to punish the day with a heavier downpour, had now hid themselves behind grey veils of the morning mist. Although the cold still abided with its lamentations, the sodden trees remained standing, as still and as solemn as witnesses to a funeral cortege. However, the initial rainstorm of the night was gradually thinning into a drizzle. Black was still shivering under the hole-ridden blanket when three men came into the house. One of the men was fashionably dressed in his royally local attire, and he looked wealthier than the other men who flanked him on either sides. Black knew the rich man; he was the infamous Chief Salami; the criminal was now coronated because he was rich. The chief was responsible for scraping the butter off Black’s bread.
Salami was the friend and business partner of Peter’s father. They had both siphoned some money but Peter’s father was the unlucky partner in the crime; he had been apprehended and jailed. Peter’s father refused to give up his partner, even under series of torture by the police, all was because Salami had promised to take care of his partner’s family all through Black’s father’s time in jail until he returned to receive his rightful share of the loot.
And Salami had kept this promise; he provided for Peter and his mother. Both mother and child lived in affluence. Peter attended the best school and ate whatever he wanted. He had no problem in the world, until his father died in prison. Then the paradise became a wilderness.
Salami had immediately ceased taking care of them as soon as Peter’s father’s demise reached him. He denied ever knowing them and forced them out of the house, making sure they left with nothing. His plans had been successful; he had bribed the wardens to poison the prison. Salami was greedy, he didn’t want to part with half of the loot, and when the boy’s father was almost due for his release, Salami had him killed. He knew his friend had disclosed to his wife all that had happened, so Salami decided that the less he had anything to do with the dead man’s family the better it would be for him.
The news about the prisoner’s death reached Salami’s ears first. The same night he heard the news, Salami visited his friend’s wife and tried to seduce her; but the beautiful woman had denied him access. Even after two years of her husband’s incarceration, she still remained faithful to her marriage. Clouded with anger for refusing him, Salami had slapped the woman and informed her that the husband she was so devoted to had died in prison; then he had pushed the poor woman and her son out of the house.
Peter’s mother, weeping, had taken her son’s hand and they had gone to her husband’s house he had been developing prior his arrest. The next day, she had gone to the prison to collect her husband’s corpse; she buried him in the back of the old building. Now six moths later, Peter had buried his mother beside his father.
The young boy was still shivering under the blanket as he watched the three men approach. Black didn’t know the other two men, but Salami was the man he hated with passion; his mother had told him the truth about Chief Salami’s evil deeds. He swore to avenge his parents’ deaths on the wicked chief. How he was going to do it, he didn’t know, but he was going to avenge. Every breath he took now was that of vengeance. It was wrong to think that a small fish like him would be able to fight off the leviathan called Salami.
Salami approached him and asked, “Young boy, what is your name? Who are you?”
Peter Black was naturally a dark-skinned boy, but hunger and lack of proper bathes had made him darker and smaller than his years. Chief Salami did not recognise the boy whom he had chased from their home six months earlier.
“What is your name, young man?” Salami asked again.
Although circumstance had forced Peter Black to become a thief, he still didn’t know how to lie. He hadn’t learned how to become a liar. He replied:
“My name is Peter Black.”
The older man recoiled back in surprise. Then he carefully looked at the boy this time. He roughly pulled the blanket off of the little boy to get a complete view of the son of the friend he had had killed. He could recognise the boy now. The little thin thing had become thinner; the child was visibly suffering from nutritional deficiencies. Salami was amazed at what starvation could do to the human body.
He bent over the boy and asked, “Are you the same Peter Black, the son of Ade Black?”
The little boy spoke with effort, “Yes, I am, sir.” Politesse was a virtue already stamped on him since cradle. “You sent us away, sir.”
Salami was amused at the little boy’s reply. He knew the boy was dying; he would definitely die soon if he had no proper care. Salami liked the boy when they were still living healthy. Peter was a sharp, intelligent, jovial and polite boy. This boy’s reply gave him a reminiscence of that brilliant and healthy boy he knew. He wished things had gone in a different direction. He wished he did not have to choose between money and his friend. But he was willing to do it again if the situation repeated itself; he could never trade fortune for friendship.
“Do you know why I sent you and your mother away?”
The boy did not reply at first; he was finding it very hard to find his voice, and he was becoming gradually dizzy.
Chief Salami asked the question again, and Blac forced himself to reply, “Yes, sir.”
“Where is your mother?” Salami asked. He wanted to see Black’s mother. He wanted to see what had become of her. The stupid woman would have become thin and ugly, he thought. He smiled at himself when he thought about how surprised ashamed the little boy’s mother would be on seeing him. He would mock her. He would laugh at her. He would make her life another hell. He noticed that the boy was saying something, but he could not hear his words.
“Speak up, boy, where is your mother?”
“She is dead, sir.”
The answer shocked Salami. He never thought that his friend’s wife would die, too, the same year she lost her husband. He smiled to himself. His secrets were now totally safe, almost safe, save for the little brat here. This one was not a problem to him; he knew what to do about this unimportant variable. Salami gleefully rubbed his hands together like politician who had just won an election. The men who accompanied him stood at one corner of the room watching the man and the child. They apparently worked for the chief.
Salami was still smiling when the boy said, “I buried her in the backyard.”
He didn’t at first understand the boy’s words, “Buried who?”
“I buried her in the backyard, beside my father.”
“What!” Salami screamed incredibly. “You mean your parents are buried in the backyard?”
“Yes, sir,” Black replied weakly.
“On my own land?” Salami screamed.
Peter didn’t understand. What did the man mean by ‘his own land’? The land didn’t belong to him. The land belonged to his father. His mother had told him that the piece of land and the house was theirs. It was the property left behind by his father. Now this evil man was calling it his own land. That wasn’t fair, it was cheating, wickedness. But Peter could do nothing about this; he was too small and young to claim his right. He wanted to speak but his voice would allow him no more word.
“You bastard! How dare you bury your mother on my land?” Salami was very angry now.
The men approached the chief and one of them said, “The rain has stopped, we should go to the second site since we can’t find any thug here.” The men were Chief Salami’s muscles; protecting the chief and attacking his opposers were their jobs. Today, they were on the hunt to deal with any hoodlum that might be occupying any of the chief’s properties.
“Before we leave, you have something to do for me,” he pointed at the shivering boy and said, “This one is also a trespasser.”
“What should we do about him, sir?” The other muscle asked, “Should we through him out?”
“No, don’t throw him out.” Chief Salami replied. “Take him away. Kill him and dump his corpse into the river. Use my car.”
Without further ado, one of the men grabbed Black like a piece of sack and carried him out of the house. They put him in the back seat of the Volvo outside and drove away. Salami stayed at the entrance of the house and watched as the muscles transport the sick boy to where they would kill him. Peter himself was too weak to protest against the men. He had stopped shivering, but still very weak.
A quite intense sun had come out to watch over the world. And the birds had vacated their nests to sing among trees and on top of electric poles. Those who had initially used their umbrellas against the rain were now using it against the heat; an irony of nature, a boomerang of nature.
When they had driven to a secluded location beside the rushing stream that always flowed into the large river in the city square, the men stopped the car and carried out the weakling. He was so light that the man carrying him almost didn’t feel his weight. The boy just remained withered in his hands. But his eyes were open, sharply open, watching the men with pleading eyes. Black knew what they were going to do to him but he could not beg them to show him mercy; he was too weak to speak, he could only plead with his eyes.
He was placed by the bank of the stream.
“How do we do it?” One man asked the other.
“Let’s strangle him.”
“It would be faster if we broke his neck.”
“We can stab him or slit his throat.”
“His blood would stain the stream.”
“Who cares? His body would be discovered anyway, even if we give him euthanasia. I don’t have my knife. Do you have yours?”
“Yes, I have my knife with me.”
“Then do it.”
The man who had carried him out of the car brought out his knife and approached the boy. Black watched him as he came. He resigned himself to what was about to be. His eyes didn’t register any fear. The man bent Black’s head backward and put the blade of the knife against the neck. The knife drew blood immediately.
The next update shall be posted on Wednesday, but if you can’t wait, you can contact the writer (via WhatsApp on 09061754872) for the PDF copy of the updates. Thanks.
Black Maria – Update 4 | Pentinent - […] Read the next update here. […]
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The Talanoa Dialogue explained
11:35 pm GMT+12, 10/12/2018, Poland
By Natalie Sauer
Empathy is one of diplomacy’s best weapons.
That was the thinking when the Fijian presidency of the 2017 UN climate talks proposed to bring together governments and civil society through the unconventional platform of the Talanoa Dialogue.
What is talanoa?
In Fiji, “talanoa” means to hold a conversation in an inclusive, receptive space. It is traditional method of solving differences in the Pacific.
The Talanoa Dialogue seeks to break the climate deadlock by drawing participants closer together through sharing their stories of climate change. Governments, but also civil society, NGOs, businesses, cities and others have been invited to submit stories responding to three questions: Where are we now? How do we want to go? How do we get there?
To date, hundreds of countries, organisations and people have submitted their stories. These were read out in April and May at Bonn for a first exchange, and have rung through dozens of conference rooms since the procedure was initiated in January.
Talanoa, originally known as the facilitative dialogue, seeks to sidestep the power struggle inherent to negotiations. Confrontation and criticisms of other participants are forbidden, and round tables abound.
The purpose of the dialogue is twofold: one, to monitor progress on the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to “well below 2C” and if possible 1.5C; two, to inform the next round of national climate pledges, otherwise known as nationally determined contributions (NDC). As they stand, NDCs set the world on course for 3-4C warming by the end of the century – dangerously far from the Paris targets.
What will happen in Poland?
The so-called preparatory phase of the dialogue, which served to gather stories and evidence on climate change, drew to a close on 6 December, with ministers sitting down on 11 and 12 December to work through the political phase.
Sat at seven round tables, ministers will be briefed on a recent UN science report on 1.5C of warming and take stock of the progress made so far. This, together with the lessons learnt from the preparatory phase, is designed to inspire them to boost domestic climate action.
But Gebru Jember Endalew, chair of the least developed countries group, says the process is unlikely to yield results in the room: “We don’t expect [the ministers] to promise to increase their ambition.”
Endalew says we can reasonably await to see a political declaration from the conference that will “take us beyond 2018”. Political declarations are instruments that pave the way to concrete policies.
How has it gone so far?
Participants had the opportunity to submit their ideas both before a meeting in Bonn in May and Poland’s Cop24. The first round yielded 417 submissions, 369 of which were from participants other than governments.
Although data is unavailable for the number of submissions for the second round, David Waskow, from the World Resources Institute, told CHN the focus was switching from NGOs to national actors.
Fiji and the Marshall Islands, have become the first to commit to increasing their NDCs.
How will we know whether the dialogue has been a success?
The dialogue will be vindicated over the next 12 months if countries change their pledges to the Paris Agreement to make them more ambitious.
Who are the big players and what do they want?
According to the World Resources Institute (WRI) and French think-tank Iddri, the Fijians and the Marshall Islands have been the most vocal in the talanoa discussions themselves.
The US, by contrast, appear to be less invested in the negotiations of the Talanoa Dialogue than in those revolving around the rulebook. This is logical, according to Lola Vallejo, head of the climate program at Iddri: there would be little sense for the US to strengthen their commitment to a deal which they are set to leave. After the dialogue was ignored by the federal government, US state, cities and business submitted their own documents showing that their efforts go some way to limiting the impact of inaction in Washington DC.
The EU is yet to find a common voice when it comes to its climate pledges. Climate commissioner Miguel Arias Cañete has said the bloc has de facto raised ambition by boosting its energy efficiency and renewable targets, but member states are divided over whether to formally increase the 2030 emissions target. The Polish hosts of the Cop24 talks are one of the most reticent member states.
The UK also deserves some credit for its enthusiasm, after having shelled out £1.7m of support to Fiji’s COP23 presidency and held its own Talanoa Dialogue.
SOURCE: CLIMATE HOME/PACNEWS
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Top 5 Famous Fitness Influencers in Australia
02/27/2019 01/26/2019 Samantha News
The Australians have done a lot in recent years in terms of protecting and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Whether it is the competitions, the strong and healthy bodies, or just branding, Australian athletes have been affecting the health of the country, as well as the world, for the better. Today, we are going to talk about the most famous fitness influencers in Australia.
This is a name known to Forbes, as the 27-year old fitness trainer and author has made it her mission to help people sculpt their bodies the way they want to. Her achievements include an ebook series, Bikini Body Guides, as well as an app that helps you plan your meals and workouts, called Sweat with Kayla.
She is one of the wealthiest young people in Australia that has amassed her fortune through hard work and a good business sense. She is also one of the most influential people on the internet, in no small part due to her strong social media presence. She started her career in a gym in Adelaide, and now she’s everyone’s favorite success story.
Emily Skye is a former model who has shifted her career focus on fitness. She inspires her followers with her workout plan, as well as inspirational messages. Over 14 million people look to Skye for fitness and fashion advice. As a model and beautician, she knows what it takes for you to not only feel good but look good doing it.
Her website features workouts of the day, delicious and nutritional meal plans, motivational messages when you consider quitting and a ton of before-and-after selfies of happy clients. All of this is an enormous upgrade to her humble blog about working out.
Daniel Conn
This is the only man on this list, but don’t let that stop you from checking out his content and advice. Daniel Conn is a model who used to be a professional rugby player. He has worked hard and collaborated with brands like AussieBum and Lenovo in order to promote a lifestyle that nurtures the health of your body and mind.
Michelle has over two decades of experience in personal fitness training, though you would never guess that she was in her forties based on her appearance. She has published over 10 bestselling books in which she tells you how to lose weight and get the body you want. She even cooperated with Ubisoft in creating a video game called Your Shape, where you turn your exercise regime into a fun activity using motion tracking.
Finally, we turn our attention to Amanda Bisk, a former pole-vaulter who dealt with her chronic fatigue by utilizing Yoga. Since she discovered the benefits of Yoga exercises, she has been doing everything in her power to bring that knowledge to the world. She is a qualified Yoga teacher, and you can find her advice, as well as pictures of her and her dog on social media.
5 Australian Tech Companies to Keep Your Eye On
Raising Money with Games of Chance in Australia
Australian TV Shows You Should Watch
Traditional Australian Dishes
Australian Rise of Esports
What You Need to Know about the Melbourne International Comedy Festival
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=293&v=dTpTlLvLCBI
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Scots photographer nominated for Bafta after heartbreaking documentary of orphan's return to Bosnia
By Brian McIver
17 YEARS after their first encounter at a Bosnian orphanage, Chris Leslie and Oggi Tomic have been nominated for a Bafta Scotland New Talent Award for film they made together of Oggi's journey of discovery back to his homeland.
Oggi Tomic and photographer Chris Leslie in Sarajevo 1999
CHRIS LESLIE was up to his knees in filth and scrubbing a toilet floor when he first met Oggi Tomic.
The young Scots photographer was spending the summer working at an orphanage in Bosnia, shortly after the war had ended, when he met a cheeky 13-year-old with a grasp of the English language that he picked up from watching Hollywood movies.
Oggi had been abandoned by his mother in the delivery room and had spent every day of his life in cramped care homes. He had never met any members of his family and knew nothing about his own background.
But thanks to Chris’s tuition and friendship, Oggi developed a passion for the camera and, when he was older, moved to the UK to study film-making and photography with the help of a pioneering orphans’ charity.
Now 17 years after their first encounter during a hot Sarajevo summer, the two friends have been nominated for a Bafta Scotland New Talent Award for an amazing film they made together about a heartbreaking and touching journey across Bosnia.
Their documentary Finding Family followed Oggi as he returned to his homeland to find out more about his background and himself.
Chris Leslie
Oggi Tomic from Sarajevo outside the orphanage where he met Scots charity volunteer Chris Leslie
Chris filmed Oggi, then 29, visiting the orphanage he had been raised in from literally the day he was born to the Bjelave orphanage where the pair first met amid the rubble of Sarajevo.
And he also captured the moving moment when he first met his true family, and the horror of hearing that his own relatives had been part of the Bosnian Serb forces that laid waste to Oggi’s beloved home town.
Chris said he was delighted to have been nominated for the Bafta and was incredibly proud of Oggi.
“It’s not easy to get yourself out of these situations and Oggi has worked hard to get where he is in life. He has done very well. I’m proud to have helped give him an opportunity but even prouder to see the way he worked hard to get a degree and a new life.
“The original idea for the film was that we wanted to go to Bosnia in 2012 to make a film about 20 years after the war, but around about that time he had made contact with some of his family and we had the idea of going back to film this reunion.
“Tensions are still really high in Bosnia and for Oggi to go back and find his family have very different beliefs was very tough. You can see the trauma on his face during the 10 days of filming.
“I didn’t get caught up in the emotion of it – it was important for me to capture his emotions but when I was editing and watching back, I just thought ‘wow’.”
Oggi looks out over Sarajevo
During the 90s, the Balkans saw some of the worst war crimes and atrocities in recent years, and tens of thousands died.
Psychology graduate Chris had studied the conflict and, in 1996, spent the summer in Croatia working to help rebuild towns and villages.
He had the idea of teaching local kids photography and the following year he won support from the Daily Record’s Penny Love philanthropy column, which gave him £500 funding and equipment to head for Sarajevo.
The city had bore the brunt of Serbian attacks and was laid under siege for four years, with more than 10,000 casualties.
When Oggi met Chris, he had very little experience of the outside world.
Oggi said: “I met Chris when he was in an old toilet trying to clean it up to use as a dark room. I thought he was a bit of a mad scientist, but once he started showing me photography, I saw what he was about and I helped show him around the city.
“He came to Sarajevo through the newspaper’s donation and it made a huge difference.
“I didn’t know what photography was but hanging out with him, I fell in love with taking pictures.
“We learned to take pictures and it raised awareness of what we could do in the outside world.”
Oggi in an orphanage in Sarajevo during the war in 1994
The charity Hope and Homes had been helping support the kids in the orphanage and they helped Oggi move to the UK to study.
He now lives with wife Aggie in Cambridge and is an award-winning photographer, but he has always felt haunted by his upbringing.
He was born with hydrocephalus – water on the brain – but was successfully treated and suffered no complications. But he remained in care because his unmarried mother had abandoned him on the delivery table.
Oggi has never known anything about his family until they recently got in touch after he appealed via Bosnian social media for contacts.
But he was shocked at what he found – Bosnian Serbs remaining proud of actions in the war.
“It wasn’t great. To kill your countrymen and to still believe 20 years later it was the right thing to do, just makes it worse. I said to them, ‘What if you were shelling the city I was living in?’ and ‘What if you had killed a child like me?’ The answer was just that it was their duty. It has made me a stronger person and has helped me move on.
“I was taken to the orphanage because I was an embarrassment for my family and it wasn’t normal for an unmarried woman to have a child.
“There is too much anger for me. This is a great film but it’s very difficult for me to watch.”
The other emotional scenes in the film see Oggi touring the orphanages he grew up in, meeting doctors and nurses who cared for him as a baby.
Oggi went on to marry Aggie
Oggi, who is an ambassador for the Hope and Homes charity, said: “It was hard to see the orphanages again. No orphanage can give children a loving family.”
As well as being nominated for the British Academy Scotland New Talent Awards in the factual category, Chris and Oggi are in talks with broadcasters and film festivals about screenings and are planning to return to their first meeting place for their next project.
Chris, 40, who has been all over the world documenting orphanages, said: “There are a lot of youngsters who weren’t as lucky as Oggi in getting away from there. It needs to be addressed.”
Oggi praised Chris as a “brother”, adding: “He is family. Without him, none of this would ever have happened.”
• For more on Finding Family and Hope and Homes, visit www.finding-family.co.uk and www.hopeandhomes.org
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Why Choose Life?
I Stand for Life
Elizabeth Riley
On Saturday, January 21st large groups of women wearing pink caps marched in Washington DC and in other cities across the world. The women held signs saying “equality,” “human rights,” “defend dignity,” “women are people,” and the ever-popular catch phrase: “Here’s to strong women. May we know them. May we be them. May we raise them.” Despite these inspiring slogans, since day one, the Women’s March on Washington’s purpose was to advocate for abortion. These aren’t my words, one of the march’s organizers said “If you want to come to the march you are coming with the understanding that you respect a woman’s right to choose.” The fact of the matter is that this demonstration was a wholly-owned subsidiary of the abortion movement.
Certainly the vast majority of women who were involved in the march are adamantly pro-abortion, but sadly there were many women who unintentionally lent their voice to abortion when they were there to simply speak out against a party or a person or some other issue. The abortion movement is hijacking women’s voices—all in the name of “choice” and "equality." Many women were initially drawn to the movement for its grass roots origin to support womanhood and to call for respect. But these women unintentionally surrendered their voices to abortion advocates holding the microphone.
To me, pro-abortion is anti-woman because abortion robs women of the most special and unique thing we can give: human life. In the name of independence, strength, and equal rights, the abortion movement strips from women the God-given dignity we were each born possessing. Ironically, the women I know personally who have had abortions do not wear their act as a badge of honor or pride. In fact, these women wrestle tremendous guilt and deep remorse for ending the lives of their unborn.
When they found themselves in an unwanted pregnancy, instead of being received with open arms and given support, comfort, and care, or even an opportunity to hear their baby’s heartbeat (the very sound of life), they were guided to treat human life in a casual way—all in the name of choice and convenience. These women are precious people, and my heart aches for them. In most cases these women were very young, alone, and scared. And years later, they still grieve for their loss and wrestle with the realization that they had the power to give life--and death. These women struggle mightily to feel peace and forgiveness.
The abortion movement should not fool women into thinking that abortion and women’s values are synonymous because they are not. I despise the fact that the abortion movement tries to propagate that women who support abortion are strong, and women who believe that babies have a right to life are somehow weak. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Here’s to strong women. May we know them.
I know many strong women. These women contribute and create at home and in their communities. I admire these women for unique reasons. Each is different from one another. In her own way, each improves the world and leads others to goodness. The more closely I know these women's stories, the more heroic they are to me. They overcome. They face hard things and don't allow difficulty to keep them down. Their strength of character is their true defining attribute. They choose life.
My sister, Sarah Jane Jennings, is among these strong, special women. Six years ago she became pregnant with triplets. She and her husband had recently relocated to Northern California for her husband to attend dental school. Anticipating that she would need help taking care of herself during the high-risk pregnancy, she returned to live with her mother-in-law in Utah while her husband continued with school in California. Every action she took was to care for the new life within her. But at 23 weeks and 4 days (within the abortion limit in about half of the states), she went into labor and delivered her three babies: Dalton James Jennings (1.5 pounds), Samuel Hunter Jennings (1.9 pounds), and Drew Oliver Jennings (1.1 pounds). I was present during the emergency cesarean while her husband flew from California to Utah as quickly as possible. As I sat by Sarah’s head as she gave birth—praying with her--all I could think about was her strength and the strength of so many women who give so much through their pure love and compassion.
Sarah fought for her boys and sadly lost Dalton James soon after birth. But her other two sons are now strong, healthy, vibrant, intelligent 5 1/2 year-olds. It wasn't until her sons' one year-old follow up at the University of California San Fransisco that she found out had she stayed in California to deliver her babies they all would have died. The hospital would have simply set her babies aside as they gasped for life--eventually suffocating alone--because they were under 24 weeks. Sarah fought for life. Here's to strong women. May we know them.
Here’s to strong women. May we be them.
Strong women are women who are willing to do hard things—even if they do them alone. These women choose compassion over convenience. Among the strong are the birth mothers, who after bearing the pains of childbirth, deliver babies safely again into the hands of adoptive parents. I admire these women. These women usually stand in isolation through their pregnancies, but they always stand steadfastly for life. They are the often unknown champions who first gave life and then guaranteed it for the adopted children who are thriving in many of our families. These women had the courage and compassion to carry and bear children they would never know, but who they valiantly protected. Here's to strong women. May we be them.
Here’s to strong women. May we raise them.
No one should have the power to determine if an unborn baby is fit for life outside the womb. While I do not have a daughter, I do have two sons. Two sons who I would die to save, and two sons who I am doing my best to live for, and to teach and guide and raise. The first of my sons was born with a life-threatening birth defect. The ultrasound technician and doctors detected the birth defect midway through my pregnancy. We were shocked, saddened and worried. My husband and I prayed that the little life within me would be ok. Sadly health care practitioners suggested that they could screen my baby to give me “pregnancy management options." They were suggesting that they could give me more information about my baby so I could make the determination of whether to terminate my pregnancy. The suggestion sickened me. I cherished my vulnerable baby no matter how complicated his defect. Nearly six years later, my son is healthy and thriving (with almost too much energy). To think that there are babies out there--boys and girls alike--with complicated defects and great potential who will not have the opportunity to continue living breaks my heart. Here's to strong women. May we raise them.
I loved watching the March For Life held across the country on Friday, January 27th and yesterday. Seeing so many people vocally standing up for the rights of unborn babies—those who cannot speak for themselves—fills me with hope for the future of our society. May we be wise and reject the political semantics and propagandists who seek to redefine womanhood and demean that which is sacred to us. And may we be courageous and fight valiantly for the unborn--who are the most vulnerable among us. Here's to strong women. May we stand with them.
Email: prolifeutah@gmail.com
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Sideshow Freaks > Collectibles > Indiana Jones > KOTCS: The Origins of The Alien/Sci-FI Elements
View Full Version : KOTCS: The Origins of The Alien/Sci-FI Elements
IrishJedi
Okay, so there seems to be a semi-debate brewing on who is responsible for coming up with the whole sci-fi B-movie/aliens element in "Crystal Skull". We have competing word-of-mouth hearsay versus quotes in publications.
What follows comes from "The Complete Making of Indiana Jones: The Definitive Story Behind All Four Films" by J.W. Rinzler. And unless you're into odd conspiracy theories as to Lucas, Spielberg, Ford and others making stuff up (for some unknown reason) I'd consider this the "final" word on the topic:
[Excerpts from Chapter 11: ATOMIC ANTS FROM SPACE pp230-237]
In December 1992, Lucas joined Ford for the two-day location shoot in snowy Jackson Hole, Wyoming. "Over the years I'd think about other MacGuffins and stories for Indy IV, but nothing really worked," Lucas says. "But when I was working on Young Indy with Harrison , the obvious suddenly dawned on me: If I did it when Indy was older, I could have it be in the 1950s. And if I did it in the 50s, maybe we could change that into a '50s movie -- and what is the equivalent of a 1930s Saturday matinee serial in the '50s? Science-fiction B-movies. I thought, Hey, that could be fun. The obvious thing was Earth versus the Flying Saucersm so I thought, That's the MacGuffin: aliens. For God's sake, it can't miss.
"So I went to Harrison, out in the snow, and said, 'I came up with a MacGuffin and I think I could come up with another Indiana Jones movie.' He said, 'Oh, I'd love to do that." I said, 'Well, wait until you hear what it is, because it's about aliens.' He then said, 'No, I don't want to do it.'"
"I didn't like it at all; I pitched it right back," Ford says.
"I said, 'But this is going to work. You've got to give me a chance,'" Lucas says. "Harrison said, 'Okay, you talk to Steven, see what he thinks about it.' I took it to Steven, and he said, 'I don't know. I've done a lot of these and I don't think we should mix genres.' I said, 'Steven, it's perfect. It's a B-science-fiction film. What could be more fun than that? And it fits Indy's age, because he'll be in his sixties.' But they were reluctant."
"All the Indiana Jones films have had paranormal concepts", Spielberg says. "So George came up with an idea that he wanted to do a paranormal story that would be a cross between pyschic phenomenon and the whole UFO craze. But I had done E.T., I had done Close Encounters; I'd had my fill of extraterrestrials, so I resisted that for many years."
"It was a lot about Indiana Jones being involved in Roswell," Lucas says. "And the alien was the MacGuffin."
Cowriter on The Fugitive (1993, which starred Ford) and Die Hard (1988), Stuart combined all these elements in the first draft titled Indiana Jones and The Saucermen From Mars, which he finished on May 24, 1994. In this version, the story turns on the alien, whose life Indy tries to save, and Indy's relationship with a female archeaologist named Molly, whom he marries.
Then in July 1996 another movie came along that dealt with "saucermen". "When Independence Day was released and was this huge hit, Steven said, 'That was such a success I don't think we should do another one,'" Lucas says. "We had a script that I was happy with, Indiana Jones and The Saucermen. But Steven said, 'We're not doing a flying saucer movie, and that's it.' So I said, 'Okay, fine. But we're not going to do an Indiana Jones movies without aliens in it, because there's no point.' So I gave up and started doing Star Wars again."
Over the next two years, Lucas pondered; he held a story conference with Spielberg in December 2001 and two others in June 2002. The upshot was a meeting of the minds on certain issues. "The compromise was, I won't have any flying saucers in this movie, but I'm going to have aliens," Lucas says. "That's when I came up with the Lost City of The Gods, with a crystal skull as the MacGuffin. That's really what the whole thing has evolved from.
"George being George, he is tenacious, if not downright relentless, and ne never blinked," Spielberg says. "I blinked to the point where George thought there was something wrong with my right eye. But George said, absolutely and down the line, 'It's gotta be pyschic phenomenon and this craze about flying saucers since it takes place in the 1950s.' And in a sense it took David Koepp, who was the final writer, to make that palpatable for me."
... And that's just a portion of it. Again, believe what you wish... but I'd say these quotes make it pretty damn definitive. And, for the record, even though I think Lucas is off his rock and grossly out-of-touch at times I actually think the whole B-movie/aliens/saucer thing worked overall with Indy IV. I think he in his stubbornness may have gotten it right this time. :lol
gatchatom
Nice post Irish! The parts of the book dealing with KOTCS were so disappointing to read. I get the same feeling about George that I had about Reagan in his last years in office. The lights are on but no one's home. It's clear from some of the comments made in the book that Lucas has very little respect for his audience. Having said that, I still don't have a problem with Indiana Jones meeting aliens. As many have said before me, it's no more far fetched than the Ark, angels, or the power of the holy spirit. What was a complete and utter failure was they execution of incorporating Aliens into the world of Indiana Jones. If they were serious about mixing the genres I would have preferred the aliens were far more over the top than they were. Indiana Jones Vs. The Blob or the creatures from "Them". Imagine if Spielberg had been a able to unleash a true beast from another planet.
Hmmm maybe if they went a little more close encounters with the aliens, were you have mystery with them but not given the full monty like KOTC did.
And I for one love the ending of Ark, the power of God unleashed. That said why didn't the commies grab that while they were in the warehouse?
aussieinnyc
It's been a long while since I studied the Russian communist party, but from memory they didn't believe in God so wouldn't care/believe it had any power.
Either that or they didn't see it...
For God's sake, it can't miss.
:rolleyes: :lol
Deak Starkiller
You sir have nailed it. This is the biggest problem(s) I had with KOTCS.
Khev
Thanks for posting that Irish, but now I'm a little bummed after reading that. I think a lot of the awkardness of the ending probably comes from so much "compromise" that had to be done to appease Spielberg and Ford. Apparently instead of approaching it from a standpoint of "What is the very BEST Indiana Jones/alien movie we can do Spielberg/Ford said, 'What's the best movie we can do that has just enough aliens to satisfy George?' Who cares if alien movies have been done before, if you're going to agree to do it *at all* then go all the way and make it the most badass movie you can.
And the ultimate irony after reading that is Spielberg's concerns over doing aliens/saucers because of Independence Day. Hello! Can anyone think of a certain 19th century novel that ID4 ripped off? I think Spielberg might know something about it....
LOTRFan
Cue Lucas' comments regarding Jar Jar Binks.
:gun
I find it funny that they compromised by having aliens with no flying saucers. So what was that thing that disappeared at the end of the movie? Anyway it's interesting to read the way it all came about. And I agree that I'm glad they made it fit with the movies of the era. Although it seems kind of odd to me that they started thinking about doing it in the 50's so soon after TLC. Seems like Ford would have been too young.
Darth Waller
It sounds like if it weren't for George's unstoppable alien idea, we could have had Indy IV back in the 90s. Thanks, George. :banghead
Count your blessings. If it was made in the 90's that would have meant it might have been no better than "Hook" or "The Lost World." ;)
superado
Yes, I was shocked to discover the same thing from the "Making" book. When I son and I first talked about the plot and the source for the alien influence, I argued that though sci-fi practically makes up the totality of George Lucas' resume, it must have come more from Spielberg based on the recurring alien visitation on Earth theme of Close Encounters, ET, A.I. and War of the Worlds. I was surprised that it was the total opposite in that Spielberg was against mixing genres and actually resisted Lucas on that point.
I'm sure Lucas came up with the idea of the aliens - the 50's sci-fi homage fits his personal backstory, which was shaped by the 1950's, and a movie with aliens on earth is, ironically, one of the few things he hadn't done yet at the time. I also think for its time - 1992, pre X-files, pre ID4 - it was quite an original idea.
But I'm confused why Irish should suggest that Lucas 'making stuff up' could only be plausible as part of an 'odd conspiracy theory'. Lucas rewrites history all the time - Star Wars was never 'mapped out' from the beginning, he made it up as he went along and only came up with the idea of Vader being Luke's father several drafts into Empire (as can be seen in the book 'Star Wars, The Annotated Screenplays' one of the top two books about SW ever written). Then later Lucas claimed he had a grand plan.
Anyone here like Tintin? KOTCS is very influenced by two Tintin stories, Flight 714 and Prisoners of the Sun.
But I'm confused why Irish should suggest that Lucas 'making stuff up' could only be plausible as part of an 'odd conspiracy theory'.
Because it would mean that Spielberg, Ford and others are making that all up as well.
Believe me, I take Lucas' word about as seriously as a spec of salt in the cosmos. :lol
The Josh
Some very interesting stuff in the making book. I'm glad they made Lucas give a little because it worked out pretty well. Though, in the next I'd like to see Lucas give in a little more and go back to something more inline with the religious aspect of the previous three.
I'd like to see them go back to China and explore more of the country - maybe the deserts. Like South America was only seen at the beginning of Raiders, then ended up being the focus of KOTCS, I'd love it if the next movie took Indy into the Orient, which we only saw in the opening of TOD.
spekerol
AFRO NINJA!!!! hahahahah i remember that i laughed for days thinking about that little clip
If they were serious about mixing the genres I would have preferred the aliens were far more over the top than they were. Indiana Jones Vs. The Blob or the creatures from "Them".
Actually the oversized army/driver ants were a deliberate reference to "Them".
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IntelBrief: Tanker Blasts in the Gulf of Oman Escalate Tensions Between U.S. and Iran
Tanker Blasts in the Gulf of Oman Escalate Tensions Between U.S. and Iran
• On June 13, two oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman were damaged by apparent sabotage, as explosions ripped through the side of the ships.
• The U.S. has publicly blamed Iran for the attacks, as well as for similar incidents in May off the coast of the United Arab Emirates.
• American allies have offered cautious responses, reluctant to take Washington at its word, even as it appears likely that Iran is the culprit.
• The Iraq war debacle and the Trump administration’s numerous false statements have resulted in a significant lack of credibility for claims made by the U.S.
On June 13, 2019, the Japanese tanker Kokuka Courageous and the Norwegian tanker Front Altair were attacked in the Gulf of Oman, rocked by explosions that blew holes into the sides of both ships. The tanker crews were subsequently evacuated. The incidents have placed not just the region, but the entire world on high alert. In May, several other tankers were similarly attacked and damaged off the coast of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), though the damage in these latest attacks appears to be more substantial. The U.S. maintains a ubiquitous naval presence throughout the region, which includes sophisticated surveillance capabilities. In the immediate aftermath of the attack, the U.S. fingered Iran as the culprit and released a video showing a small boat craft on the side of one of the tankers. U.S. officials state that the footage contained an Iranian crew removing an unexploded ‘limpet’ mine from the ship’s hull. The Iranians allegedly fired a missile at a U.S. drone just prior to the attack on the tankers.
It is unclear what the repercussions of these latest attacks will be, particularly in terms of military tensions with Iran. The attacks did have the effect of rattling the global energy market and leading to a spike in world oil prices. What is increasingly clear is that the U.S. has a serious credibility problem with even its closest allies and partners. Other countries, including the United Kingdom, have stated that it is quite likely Iran is behind the string of attacks on oil tankers, although most states have proceeded with extreme caution to assign definitive blame. Part of the reluctance stems from previous American accusations of malfeasance in the Middle East, chief among them the claim that Saddam Hussein’s Iraq was harboring weapons of mass destruction and collaborating with elements of al-Qaeda. The entire narrative that was used to justify the invasion of Iraq was built on false claims, leading other countries to become and remain suspicious of U.S. intentions, particularly given the ongoing saber-rattling between Washington and Tehran over the past year.
Officially, Iran has denied any responsibility for the attack, while U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo suggested that ‘the level of expertise needed to execute the operation’ is yet another piece of evidence pointing to Iranian involvement. Even without knowing all the facts, there now appears to be a serious security issue in the Gulf of Oman, the body of water located just beyond the Strait of Hormuz, between Oman and Iran. This is a major transit area for energy resources, with nearly one-third of maritime-based or seaborne shipments of global oil supplies moving through this waterway. The attacks are also reminiscent of the so-called tanker wars of the 1980s, which occurred during the disastrous war between Iran and Iraq that was waged from 1980 to 1988, causing many casualties and impacting world oil markets.
Even if Iran is ultimately proven to be the aggressor in this incident, there is no consensus on how to respond. The Trump administration’s withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal has led to a chasm between the U.S. and Europe on one of the most important policy issues facing the world today. The U.S. is open about its continued attempts to pressure Iran to change its actions in the region; Secretary of State Pompeo called it a ‘maximum pressure campaign,’ which has included not just the withdrawal from the nuclear deal but also biting sanctions and a recent expansion of U.S. military posture throughout the Persian Gulf. In comments he made about the recent tanker attacks, Pompeo suggested that U.S. efforts against Iran were a possible reason behind the attacks. In his view, that means that the administration’s strategy is working, while in Europe and elsewhere, it is perhaps proof that the pressure is leading Iran to respond with provocative, dangerous actions. The situation is so severe that the U.N. Security Council immediately called for consultations to prevent a further escalation, hoping to head off a broader conflagration in one of the world’s most volatile and unstable regions.
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TSG IntelBrief: The Effect of Falling BRICs on International Intervention
As of late May 2012, the relative slowing of the economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China — known collectively as the BRIC nations — could have a substantial influence on the willingness and ability of such international organizations as the United Nations, the European Union, and NATO to intervene in crises that threaten regional and global stability. This holds true even though none of the BRIC countries are members of NATO, and is unrelated to any track record of support for intervention as members of the U.N.
The connection emerges instead as a consequence of a progressively globalized and interconnected economy. The BRIC countries — individually and collectively — are increasingly influential in the day-to-day affairs of the world’s largest economies, to include both the U.S and EU. Realistically, while there is justified international concern focused on dangerously weak EU economies such as Greece or Spain, the prospect of a BRIC-wide slowdown (which, in part, could be a result of the ongoing EU crisis) would more deeply endanger the economies of NATO, EU, and the larger U.N. member nations. Such an economic downturn would materially diminish their financial ability — and therefore their willingness — to quell regional conflicts that, if unchecked, could cause widespread instability that could, in turn, lead to further economic disruption and stagnation.
The Tension Between Willingness and Ability
While chronic budget problems do not reduce the probability of military interventions to zero — and history is clear on that point — it does provide substantial and arguably irrefutable financial reasons against intervention, reasons that will likely become much more prominent even if nations are hesitant to acknowledge such calculations. This will place an increased burden on diplomatic and intelligence-driven solutions that are both problematic and, more importantly, vulnerable to budget realities (although such options are much less expensive than military intervention).
The slowdown in the BRIC economies is just that, a slowdown — not a recession, stagnation or contraction as is the case with many Western economies (with the notable exception of the growing markets in Latin and South America). Yet given the interconnectedness and interdependencies between the U.S., the EU and the BRICs, any slowdown has a magnified effect, especially on fragile economies. Growth forecasts for the BRIC economies have all dropped (China’s to 8.2%, India’s to 6.9%, Russia’s to 4.2%, and Brazil’s to 2.9%). These numbers, which are the envy of most other nations, spell potential trouble for the rest of the global economy because, in many ways, the new BRIC growth numbers are a lagging indicator, a result of pre-existing lowered demand and spending from normally high-consuming nations. Adjustments taken by the BRICs to address their respective budgetary issues will ripple outwards, and one of the by-products could be a diminished capacity — and willingness — of member nations in NATO and other international security organizations to intervene in conflicts that threaten stability and growth.
A New Model of Intervention?
The 2011 U.N-approved mission in Libya has been held up as an exemplar of the new “intervention-lite” model, since the participating nations did not place troops on the ground. While the intervention was successful from the standpoint of removing Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi from power, it’s relatively modest cost was still enough to cause political turmoil in the United States, Canada, and other NATO countries. The U.S., for example, spent more than US $1 billion in what was billed as a non-leading role, with Canada investing US$ 100 million, both substantial amounts in times of shrinking budgets and negative economic forecasts. As was seen most recently in the NATO conference earlier this month in Chicago, member nations are growing weary of their ongoing personnel and financial commitments to Afghanistan, which make it even less likely they will support additional interventions and commitments in the near term.
Just as the end in Afghanistan is somewhat in sight — which gives participating nations some hope of freeing up a part of their budget — the BRICs are slowing down, threatening to reduce or eliminate any “peace dividend” long before it materializes. Government policymakers across the board will need to adjust their own budget forecasts downward, to include funding military endeavors, if the BRICs join the ranks of weakening economies. A possible glimpse of the lengths governments will go to avoid costly intervention can be observed in the ongoing Syrian crisis.
Syria is a vastly different situation than was Libya, and it would be incorrect to suggest that financial reasons are the sole (or even a primary) reason for the reluctance on the part of the international community to intervene. However, the manner in which similar conflicts might play out in the future can be viewed through the lens provided by the unfolding scenario in Syria. The various approaches taken to address this crisis, while avoiding military intervention, might very well be a viable template for future conflicts. The military intervention is often the last option, but in the new fiscal reality, it will be ever more so. And it is possible that both current and future dictators and tyrants sense this.
An argument could be made that Syrian president Assad clings to power because he believes the international community’s will and financial ability to remove him in the manner of Gaddafi have been greatly diminished, and will continue to be undermined if the global economy deteriorates further. How the international community counters this perception — perhaps through more effective financial and diplomatic pressures, or broader coalitions that more fully represent global positions — will go a long way in determining whether the current and future economic crises will lead to a paralysis of intervention…and an increase in instability.
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Our People - Arthur Albert Carter
Arthur Albert Carter later in life with his wife and granddaughter
Photograph courtesy of Barbara Clarkson
20858 Private Arthur Albert Carter
11th & 6th Battalions, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment
914-15 Star, British War Medal, Victory Medal
If you have a picture or more information about this man, please contact us
Arthur Albert Carter was born 4 May 1894 at Walton-le-Dale to Robert Carter, a cotton weaver born at Brindle c. 1868 and Mary Elizabeth Carter (nee Robinson) born at Wellingborough, Northamptonshire c.1868.
Arthur was one of three children born to Robert and Mary. Harriet Ada was born at Walton-le-Dale c. 1895 and Mabel Florence born Walton-le-Dale c. 1904. In 1901, the family lived at 5 Taberner Terrace, Houghton Lane, Higher Walton. By 1911, they had moved to Higher Walton Road, Walton-le-Dale, a little closer to Preston.
Arthur started his working life as a boot maker with his mother running the shop he worked in. In 1913, his father is listed in Barretts Directory as an overlooker at a local mill and also proprietor of the boot and shoe makers shop at 261 Station Road, Bamber Bridge. When he signed up for the Army in 1915, this spelled the end for the shop as it could not continue to run without him.
Arthur enlisted with the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment on 22 May 1915. He was 21 years of age. He initially joined with the 11th (Reserve) Battalion, but moved on to the 6th (Service) Battalion at some point later. He put down his mothers name on his Soldiers Small Book as his next of kin at 241 Station Road, Bamber Bridge. We know from his demobilization records that he served with "D" Company, 6th Battalion L.N.L. in Mesopotamia. It is not known at the time of writing whether he joined the battalion in time for the campaign in Gallipoli. His trade as a shoe maker was called upon while serving, at least from November 1917 to March 1919. He left the middle-east at the end of December 1918, headed for the dispersal unit at Heaton Park, Manchester. He was officially demobilized 20 May 1919, transferring to the "Z" reserve the following day.
The family had moved to 25 Carr Street, and Arthur headed here once he had been handed his papers. The full documentation relating to his demobilization still exists and I was priviliged enough to be invited to his daughter, Barbara Clarkson's home to take copies and also take some photographs of his medals.
The story doesn't end here. Arthur joined "C" Company of the 9th County of Lancaster Home Guard on 8 January 1942 when he lived at 7 Havelock Terrace, Bamber Bridge. He was given the rank of Lance Corporal. His proficiency record shows the tests he undertook, including training with the Sten gun.
Arthur was awarded the full set of medals for his service in the war. From left to right (and also worn in this order), the 1914-15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal. These medals are hung in a handsome wooden frame. Collectively, these are sometimes known as "Pip, Squeak and Wilfred", after a comic strip published in the Daily Mirror written by Bertram J. Lamb and drawn by A.B. Payne in the 1920s. More information on medals issued during the war can be found at The Great War 1914-1918.
These documents have been made available by Arthur's daughter, Barbara Clarkson. They provide a great snapshot of his service and especially of his demobilization from the forces. They are best viewed full screen using the controls and flipping through the albums. I am grateful to Barbara and her husband for inviting me to their home to make these scans.
Soldiers Small-Book. This was a form of manual given to a soldier on his joining the Army. The book was a reference point and introduced him to military life. The book contains 32 pages, and the soldier would fill in his basic details. It contained rules and advice on;
- Points to be observed when on guard;
- Points to be observed on outposts;
- Saluting of officers;
- Officers badges of rank;
- Mode of making applications and complaints by a soldier;
- How to prevent sore feet;
- Cleaning rifle or carbine;
- Field cooking;
- Furloughs;
- Marriage;
- A form of will;
- And the last page ' Free Education of Soldiers' sons.
Demobilization Papers. All Arthur's demobilization documents remain in good condition in the original envelope. These are a wonderful source at least for the end of his service with the L.N.L. and you can get a sense of the journey back home from Mesopotamia to Bamber Bridge.
WW2 Home Guard Service Record & Proficiency Record. A booklet a little like the Soldiers Small Book, but geared more to records relating to a soldiers proficiency in a range of military activities as well as mustering instructions.
Charles O'Donnell
Please email the project with any amendments or corrections
Edited 28 November 2016
1901 Census of England via Ancestry.co.uk / 1911 Census of England via Ancestry.co.uk / Original documentation belonging to Arthur Albert Carter in relation to his military service / Other sources linked to in the text / UK, WWI Service Medal and Award Rolls, 1914-1920 via Ancestry.co.uk / British Army WWI Medal Rolls Index Cards, 1914-1920 via Ancestry.co.uk
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In some tournaments, line judges who would be calling the serve, were assisted by electronic sensors that beeped to indicate the serve was out. This system was called "Cyclops".[60] Cyclops has since largely been replaced by the Hawk-Eye system.[61][62] In professional tournaments using this system, players are allowed three unsuccessful appeals per set, plus one additional appeal in the tie-break to challenge close line calls by means of an electronic review. The US Open, Miami Masters, US Open Series, and World Team Tennis started using this challenge system in 2006 and the Australian Open and Wimbledon introduced the system in 2007.[63] In clay-court matches, such as at the French Open, a call may be questioned by reference to the mark left by the ball's impact on the court surface.
A few heavy hitters like their tennis racquets to be a little top heavy so they generate more power when hitting a ball but that is usually the exception as opposed to the rule. In general, it is usually best to start out with a tennis racquet that is balanced; this is especially true if you are a novice player. A balanced racquet will give you a little more control as you swing at and strike a tennis ball.Things that can throw a tennis racquet’s balance off are such things as an oversized racquet head, extra padding on a handle and innovative racquet designs that purposely redistribute weight to a specific area. So be aware of this when you are shopping for your new tennis racquet.
As it happens, I was reading a ruefully captivating new memoir called “Swimming Studies,” by a onetime contender for the Canadian Olympic team, Leanne Shapton, which explores how growing up a competitive swimmer formed her habits of heart and mind. Years later, her daily rhythms and life choices, her nightly dreams, her understanding of duration, pleasure, pain and reward, remain informed by her hours in the training pool. Swimming strokes carved the contours of her inner life, and it’s not at all clear she is thankful for that. Of course, Andre Agassi, in his memoir, writes of how the aloneness of singles tennis — the very thing that imparted to Kirill a kind of Emersonian self-reliance, as he understands it — just enlarged his loneliness. You never know.
Tennis live on Scoreboard.com - tennis scores, results, livescore, draws and statistics. Scoreboard.com offers scores service from more than 2000 tennis competitions from around the world - ATP tournaments, WTA tour, challengers, ITF tournaments and also team competitions - Davis Cup and Fed Cup. Follow ATP and WTA matches point by point! You will find the "Point by point” tab with highlighted lost serves, break points, set- and match points in match details of all ATP and WTA matches.
The purpose of the Northwest Louisiana CTA is to make an positive impact on the tennis community by providing support and resources in the development of programs, events, leagues, and facilities promoting tennis as a lifetime healthful sport within North Louisiana to all ages and all skill levels. The NWLACTA will collaborate with the USTA and other associations and programs in the pursuit of these goals.
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In standard play, scoring beyond a "deuce" score, in which both players have scored three points each, requires that one player must get two points ahead in order to win the game. This type of tennis scoring is known as "advantage scoring" (or "ads"). The side which wins the next point after deuce is said to have the advantage. If they lose the next point, the score is again deuce, since the score is tied. If the side with the advantage wins the next point, that side has won the game, since they have a lead of two points. When the server is the player with the advantage, the score may be called as "advantage in". When the server's opponent has the advantage, the score may be called as "advantage out". These phrases are sometimes shortened to "ad in" or "van in" (or "my ad") and "ad out" (or "your ad"). Alternatively, the players' names are used: in professional tournaments the umpire announces the score in this format (e.g. "advantage Nadal" or "advantage Williams").
A game point occurs in tennis whenever the player who is in the lead in the game needs only one more point to win the game. The terminology is extended to sets (set point), matches (match point), and even championships (championship point). For example, if the player who is serving has a score of 40-love, the player has a triple game point (triple set point, etc.) as the player has three consecutive chances to win the game. Game points, set points, and match points are not part of official scoring and are not announced by the chair umpire in tournament play.
We may provide your credit card number, billing and shipping information to participating merchants from whom you buy goods or services and financial institutions pursuant to transactions with the USTA Family of Companies. The merchants are solely responsible for how they use that information and any other information they independently acquire from you or about you. Otherwise, we do not share your credit card information with anyone else. For more information, please read our Privacy Policy.
Louisiana State University in Shreveport is a public tennis establishment located at 81 University Pl, Shreveport, LA 71115. There are 8 public tennis courts at this tennis facility. The tennis courts are not lighted. You can call this tennis location at 318-797-5061. Get listed now at this tennis facility to participate with other tennis friends. Check out the Automatic Player Matching Service - Tennis Round will connect you with other tennis players automatically based on your skill level and match history. Earn points for playing and move up in the rankings.
When playing a match, it is usually best to report each score out loud with one's opponent to avoid conflicts. During a game, the server has the responsibility to announce the game score before serving. This is done by announcing the server's score first. If, for example, the server loses the first three points of his or her service game, he or she would say "love–40". This is to be done every time. After a set is complete, the server, before serving for the first game of the next set, announces the set scores so far completed in the match, stating his or her own scores first. If the server has won the first two sets and is beginning the third, he or she would say, "two–love, new set." If the server had lost the first two sets, he or she would say, "love–two, new set." Finally, after the completion of the match, either player, when asked the score, announces his or her own scores first.
4. Most adults do not develop motor skills any more in separate training sessions. Even worse, some engage in fitness and similar health and wellness exercises that develop strength through isotonic exercises (lifting weights, pulling cords, etc.) rather than dynamic exercises like throwing medicine balls or situations where footwork, dynamic balance, and dynamic force are developed (soccer, volleyball, etc.).
Learn to play doubles tennis. Doubles tennis has two players on each side instead of one. You’ll use the wider court dimensions, but the rest of the scoring and rules remain the same. The big challenge for doubles tennis beginners is to learn how to interact with a teammate. Ask other tennis-playing friends to teach you the best strategies for doubles tennis.[23]
The Tennis Complex (6 courts) is located on the north-west side of campus just behind Dedeaux Baseball Field. Courts are open for general use during Lyon Center operating hours, however, Athletics and Physical Education take priority during the times listed below. Please note that courts are washed on Friday mornings and lights will remain on 30 minutes after Lyon Center closing. Two courts have been newly resurfaced with sport court material. This multi-purpose surface allows individuals to play tennis, soccer, floor hockey, volleyball and basketball.
Tennis magazine selected Martina Navratilova as the greatest female tennis player for the years 1965 through 2005.[126][127] Tennis historian and journalist Bud Collins has called Navratilova "arguably, the greatest player of all time."[128] Billie Jean King said about Navratilova in 2006, "She's the greatest singles, doubles and mixed doubles player who's ever lived."[129]
The first year with Kirill was brutal. The prescribed continental grip felt awkward when I first began to serve. I thought I was turning my shoulder, properly, to prepare to hit a backhand, but wasn’t. I thought I was, properly, following through on my forehand, and wasn’t. It was the strangest thing. I had no sense at times of what my body was doing. And that, to some extent — a frustrating and at times embarrassing extent — continues. And it continues despite the incessant midplay appeals from Kirill to correct this, correct that. One of the things about having a coach is that no one has watched how I move more intently since I was a toddler.
For right-handed players, the backhand is a stroke that begins on the left side of their body, continues across their body as contact is made with the ball, and ends on the right side of their body. It can be executed with either one hand or with both and is generally considered more difficult to master than the forehand. For most of the 20th century, the backhand was performed with one hand, using either an eastern or a continental grip. The first notable players to use two hands were the 1930s Australians Vivian McGrath and John Bromwich, but they were lonely exceptions. The two-handed grip gained popularity in the 1970s as Björn Borg, Chris Evert, Jimmy Connors, and later Mats Wilander and Marat Safin used it to great effect, and it is now used by a large number of the world's best players, including Rafael Nadal and Serena Williams.[77]
If you learn to play tennis, it can be your first step toward a lifetime of fitness and pleasure. And now that we’ve discussed how to learn to play tennis with the basics, you’re ready to get out on the court. There’s no better way to learn to play tennis than with practice; with practice, you’ll not only learn to play tennis, you’ll learn to play tennis well.
This level and the pro level share a lot of similarities simple because things have gotten a lot competitive in recent years. NCAA level players sometimes go pro after graduating college like John Isner. So, they accept nothing but close to perfection from young aspirants. There are NIAA colleges that offer some partial scholarships and they do not have the same rigorous requirements as the NCAA but often times they are very small colleges which are always the second choice for most students.
Van Alen called his innovation a "tiebreaker", and he actually proposed two different kinds or versions of it: best-five-of-nine-points tiebreaker and best-seven-of-12-points tiebreaker.[23] The first lasts a maximum of 9 points, and awards victory in the set to whichever player or team first reaches 5 points – even if the other player or team already has 4; the margin of victory can be a single point. Because this "9-point" tiebreaker must end after a maximum of 9 points, even if neither player or team has a 2-point (or greater) margin, Van Alen also called it a "sudden-death tiebreaker" (If and when the score reached four points all, both players faced simultaneous set point and/or match point.). This type of tiebreaker had its Grand Slam debut at 1970 US Open and was employed there until 1974. Apart from being used for 5 years at US Open it was also used 1 year at Wimbledon and for a while on the Virginia Slims circuit and in American Colleges.
Advanced players improve their performance through a number of accoutrements. Vibration dampeners may be interlaced in the proximal part of the string array for improved feel. Racket handles may be customized with absorbent or rubber-like materials to improve the players' grip. Players often use sweat bands on their wrists to keep their hands dry and head bands or bandanas to keep the sweat out of their eyes as well. Finally, although the game can be played in a variety of shoes, specialized tennis shoes have wide, flat soles for stability and a built-up front structure to avoid excess wear.
In 1926, promoter C. C. Pyle established the first professional tennis tour with a group of American and French tennis players playing exhibition matches to paying audiences.[26][37] The most notable of these early professionals were the American Vinnie Richards and the Frenchwoman Suzanne Lenglen.[26][38] Once a player turned pro he or she was no longer permitted to compete in the major (amateur) tournaments.[26]
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How to win an Election (maybe)
There's a General Election for the UK Parliament this week. For most people, the decision is a fairly easy one as they have a view of the world that translates into support for a particular political party. Most seats (parliamentary districts) are also considered "safe", which means that there's a clear majority of voters who won't change their view.
However, there are voters who are prepared to change and the parties naturally aim to identify them and persuade them to give their support in a certain direction. As an exercise in decision making for the voter and persuasion for the candidates, this is quite a challenge.
From the voter's perspective, when specific issues are more important than general conviction, it's all rather unfamiliar - you get just one choice at a given moment. In business and life generally, most (but not all) big decisions can/should be broken into smaller ones and spread over time. It's a good way to manage the risk. Also, compared with more normal decisions, there's not too much information for voters to use - do they reward what politicians have done before (information, but no guarantee about the future) or believe what they promise (no information, but a positive and forward looking position)?
There's no obvious answer to this, but politicians will aim to offer information that can support promises, in a form that's perhaps more art than science (see our post 5 March 2015). It's all about establishing a narrative, a story that people can "buy into" - not easy to prove because it's mostly about the future, but drawing on the past - and which may in fact present a particular view of the world. This worked well for the "Yes" campaign in the Scottish independence referendum in September last year. They didn't win but they created a base for a very strong performance in this week's General Election.
In our post ("Narratives - Handle with Care", 7 September 2014) we referred to the possible risks of narratives, but they can't be avoided and, in a situation like an election when voters are set a difficult task, they may be the best of all the alternatives available. In other words, "all contributions gratefully received".
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RCI Adds Two India Timeshare Destinations
Travelers Rate the Airline Companies
Dial An Exchange Wins Big At GNEX Conference
Shell Vacations Acquires Iconic San Diego Hotel
CNBC Interviews Chairman of the Corporation for Tr...
Diamond Resorts Delivers Worldwide Service Trainin...
Corporation for Travel Promotion Names CEO
6/29/2011 JW
RCI has added two beautiful hill destination properties in India to its network – The Krishna Mount View-Mountain Resort, Kausani (see photo) in Uttarakhand and Kadkani River Resort, Coorg, Karnataka.
"We are very pleased to welcome The Krishna Mount View-Mountain Resort and Kadkani River Resort into RCI’s network of affiliated resorts," said Radhika Shastry, managing director of RCI India. "These beautiful resorts are a remarkable addition to the collection of hill vacation destinations we offer to our members worldwide."
Krishna Mount View-Mountain Resort is located in Kausani, a popular Himalayan destination commended by Mahatma Ghandi as "the Switzerland of India."
Kausani Mount View-Mountain Resort is known for its unspoiled natural beauty and its spectacular views of the majestic Himalayan peaks of Trishul, Nanda Devi and Panchchuli.
Krishna sits at the highest spot in Kausani and offers 31 luxuriously furnished rooms, all with incredible views. Features include an international restaurant, indoor games and a dormitory facility.
Kadkani River Resort is situated 155 miles from Bangalore in Coorg, dubbed the Scotland of India. Coorg has much to offer the nature lover with "misty hills, lush forests, acres of tea and coffee plantations, orange groves, undulating streets and breathtaking views."
Situated within this picturesque backdrop, The Kadkani River Resort, set within a coffee plantation, offers 36 fully-equipped cottages, each with a private porch where you can enjoy the tranquil surroundings on the banks of the majestic river Cauvery.
The resort includes a well-maintained nine-hole golf course laid out amidst areca-nut trees and coffee plantations. Other key features include a swimming pool, water sports facility, hiking, table tennis, volleyball, indoor games and a craft center. Local culinary fare and multi cuisine dishes are served with wonderful Coorg hospitality at the 'Pride of Pachat' restaurant.
(Photo credit - rciventures.com)
Labels: India timeshares, RCI, timeshare news 0 comments |
With Memorial Day behind us, it's full steam ahead for summer vacations. Whether you're planning a vacation at the timeshare you own, with a timeshare exchange, or at a budget-friendly timeshare rental, the odds are you'll be flying to your destination.
So just in time, Consumer Reports has released its National Research Center survey on air travel. This is the first time since 2007 that the venerated leader in consumer investigation has assessed airlines.
In the 2007 survey, 18 airlines were included, while in 2011, due to financial crises, mergers, and takeovers, only 10 major airlines make up the industry.
The survey ratings are based on the experiences of 15,000 Consumer Reports readers on over 29,000 domestic round-trip flights during the past year. Airlines were scored based on questions about overall satisfaction, check-in ease, cabin-crew service, cabin cleanliness, baggage handling, seating comfort and in-flight entertainment, as well as the issue of additional fees.
A Consumer Reports press release stated that 8 of the 10 airlines received low marks on seat comfort, and several carriers got low marks on other quality-of-flight measures including cabin-crew service, cleanliness and in-flight entertainment.
Some carriers have done a better job than others, as evidenced by a wide difference in overall satisfaction scores, from Southwest's lofty 87 to US Airways' lowly 61, stated the press release.
Southwest Airlines and JetBlue Airways topped the list overall. Southwest was the only airline to receive top marks for check-in ease and cabin-crew service. Passengers also gave Southwest high grades for cabin cleanliness and baggage handling. The latter, says the CR report, might reflect the fact that Southwest remains the only airline that lets you check two bags free of charge
JetBlue was the only airline to outscore Southwest for seating comfort and was the only carrier in the CR ratings to earn high scores for in-flight entertainment. Its seatback TV screens feature 36 channels.
US Airways occupies the same bottom spot as it did in CR's 2007 survey. In addition to its low overall score, survey respondents gave it the worst marks of any airline for cabin-crew service.
The CR report pointed out that the proliferation of added fees further contributed to passengers' low opinion of today's flying experience, and even to their decision of whether to fly at all. Forty percent of readers who say they are flying less listed "increased fees" as the major reason - far more than those blaming flight delays, poor service, etc. Paying fewer extra fees had a direct relationship to passenger satisfaction, the release said.
Labels: airlines, consumer reports, jetblue, southwest, summer vacation, travel news, us air 0 comments |
Dial An Exchange (DAE), one of the world’s largest independent timeshare exchange organizations, was a major winner of three prestigious awards at the timeshare industry's Global Networking Expo & Perspective Magazine Awards Gala, held recently at the Atlantis Resort, Paradise Island, Bahamas and attended by industry leaders from five continents.
Dial An Exchange CEO Francis Taylor was named winner of the prestigious “Best Industry Leader” award and the company was selected as the “Best Place To Work” in the international competition. Recognized for their penchant for providing exceptional customer service, DAE’s strong focus was rewarded with their Customer Service Team being named the industry’s “Best Project Team.”
Dial An Exchange also received two nominations for the Best Marketing Campaign: DAE Branding of Classic Escapes Sales Decks and DAE International Press 2010.
Members of the vacation industry cast more than 2,400 votes online during a two-month search for the shared ownership industry’s elite. Online votes were tallied with decisions from an expert panel of judges. Nearly 150 entrants competed in a variety of categories.
“We are extremely proud of these awards,” said Fermin Cruz, VP of North American business for DAE, “especially the Best Leader award. Under his guidance, Francis has steadfastly modeled the DAE business to focus on keeping our members happy while constantly delivering on our promises. His leadership position has enabled him to see the industry from a unique, global perspective and bring an independent viewpoint to timeshare exchange and how best to meet the needs of changing consumer behavior”.
DAE is the largest independent timeshare exchange provider with worldwide destination availability. Formed in 1997 to support timeshare owners, membership is free and exchange fees are not charged until an exchange is confirmed. Since the company’s formation, DAE has grown from a single office in Australia to offices in Europe, the United States, New Zealand, South Africa, Asia, the United Kingdom and Phoenix, Arizona. The company has over 300,000 members around the world.
Labels: DAE, Dial An Exchange, GNEX Conference, timeshare exchange, timeshare news 0 comments |
Shell Vacations has announced the addition of the iconic Park Manor Suites to its portfolio of San Diego timeshares. As part of the acquisition, the company also announced it will officially change the name to Inn at the Park in an effort to maintain brand recognition with other similar properties within the Shell Vacations collection. Inn at the Park is also the name of one of the hotel’s restaurants.
“After more than five years of searching in the San Diego area, we are delighted to have found our dream property. The ambiance, location and timeless appeal of Inn at the Park are ideal for our family of customers both current and future,” says Sheldon H. Ginsburg, Chairman of Shell Vacations LLC.
“We are very pleased and excited to announce the acquisition and addition of this historic hotel into the Shell Vacations’ portfolio. Inn at the Park will be a signature location for our Company and we look forward to serving its customers and guests with the quality and service our Company is known for,” says Tracy L. Sherles, President and COO of Shell Vacations LLC.
With a reputation for superior service, neo-renaissance architecture and home-away-from-home amenities, the Inn at the Park is an ideal addition to the Shell Vacations family of hotels and resorts that are designed to accommodate leisure vacations, business trips and everything in between.
The classic hotel features a combination of studio, one- and two-bedroom suites, ranging in size from 525 to 1,000 square feet, with 9-foot ceilings and large sage windows with postcard-picture views of the city below. Some units have balconies for enjoying the famed San Diego weather.
Designed by Frank P. Allen in the Italian Renaissance style, the hotel is closely tied to San Diego civic history. The red brick building was originally built as an apartment complex to house the architect and his family. Frank P. Allen is also known for his design of the stately Cabrillo Bridge. In 1991 it was named a Historic Site of San Diego. Keeping the original design footprint of the suites, the hotel also boasts one of the most grand and detailed lobbies in the city.
The historic hotel is situated steps away from the world famous Balboa Park and is the premier, all-suite boutique hotel in the city offering easy access to the world-renowned San Diego Zoo, the Old Globe Theatre, 15 museums, beautiful gardens and the city’s best performing arts venues.
(Photo Credit - parkmanorsuites.com)
Labels: San Diego timeshares, Shell Vacations Club, timeshare news 0 comments |
CNBC Interviews Chairman of the Corporation for Travel Promotion
Chairman of the Board of the Corporation for Travel Promotion (CTP), Stephen J. Cloobeck, also chairman and chief executive officer, Diamond Resorts International®, discussed the importance of travel promotion, marketing strategies and plans for efficient and effective expenditure of CTP resources during a live interview a week ago with Jane Wells on CNBC.
The CTP initiatives include implementing a world-class marketing and promotion program designed to attract more visitor spending to the U.S. in order to drive economic growth and create jobs. Intensive market research will allow for strategic international advertising placement and deliver a culturally sensitive message geared specifically for each region.
The budget for CTP is comprised of funds from the private sector and fees from foreign tourism and will be allocated to appropriately represent all stakeholders, including all states and territories in the U.S.
“We are the only country in the world that doesn’t have a ministry of tourism or a marketing arm for our country and since 24% of our service exports are in tourism and travel, this is a simple way for us to create GDP and jobs,” stated Cloobeck.
Devising marketing initiatives for "Brand USA," the CTP is a new non-profit corporation that will promote travel to the United States, and communicate and improve the entry process so that visitors want to return. The eleven travel and tourism industry leaders who serve on the CTP Board of Directors were appointed in September, 2010, by U.S. Commerce Secretary Gary Locke.
Diamond Resorts International, with global headquarters in Las Vegas, Nev., is one of the largest hospitality companies in the world with more than 190 branded and affiliated resorts in 28 countries with destinations throughout the continental United States and Hawaii, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa.
Offering "simplicity, choice and comfort" to more than 385,000 owners and members through the branded hospitality service of more than 5,500 team members worldwide, Diamond Resorts International is dedicated to "providing its guests with effortless and relaxing vacation experiences every time, for a lifetime."
Labels: Corporation for Travel Promotion, Diamond Resorts International, timeshare news, travel news 0 comments |
Diamond Resorts Delivers Worldwide Service Training
Diamond Resorts International®, a global leader in the hospitality and vacation ownership industry, strengthens its commitment to exceptional customer service by building upon the foundation of The Meaning of Yes® with the launch of a 30 minute brand video featuring an in-depth conversation with Chairman and CEO, Stephen J. Cloobeck.
The Meaning of Yes is a service excellence platform that empowers Diamond team members to deliver a branded hospitality experience to every owner, member and guest worldwide, as the company continues to grow and expand globally.
Diamond Resorts International thrives upon the service excellence platform set forth by Cloobeck. By responding to customer feedback and engaging in cost efficient and effective solutions, Cloobeck has successfully developed a hospitality product that is much more than vacation ownership, but guarantees a lifetime of memorable vacation experiences to all owners, members and guests. The Meaning of Yes ensures that every guest receives the vacation they deserve.
According to Cloobeck, “As we grow one thing won’t change, the Diamond team will always deliver the same level of hospitality and the same level of The Meaning of Yes to our guests, each and every time, at each and every resort. Even if we double or triple in size I will still insist that we deliver great guest service. I want us to be renowned worldwide for our customer service.”
Annually, nearly 1.4 million owners, members and guests enjoy the simplicity, choice and comfort Diamond Resorts International offers through our branded hospitality experience.
Timeshare rentals are available at many Diamond resorts including: the Flamingo Beach Resort, Simpson Bay, Sint Maarten & Saint Martin, the Royal Regency, Paris-Vincennes, France, and at the Scottsdale Villa Mirage, Scottsdale, AZ.
Labels: Diamond Resorts International, Flamingo Beach Resort, Meaning of Yes, Royal Regency, Scottsdale Villa Mirage, Simpson Bay, timeshare rentals 0 comments |
The Corporation for Travel Promotion named Jim Evans, a longtime leader in the hospitality industry, its first CEO. Evans will be responsible for leading the Corporation's efforts to promote the United States as a travel destination and strengthen the U.S. tourism industry.
"I congratulate Jim on his appointment as the first CEO of the newly created Corporation for Travel Promotion," U.S. Commerce Secretary Gary Locke said. "Promoting tourism is an important part of the President's National Export Initiative and the overall U.S. economy, and we are fortunate to have Jim's leadership in growing this industry. I look forward to working with him to bring more visitors to our country."
"After considering dozens of candidates, Jim stood out to us as one of the most accomplished executives in the industry today, and he is the Board's unanimous choice to build America's first national program to attract international travel," said Diamond Resorts CEO Stephen J. Cloobeck, Chairman of the Board of Directors for the Corporation for Travel Promotion. "Jim's deep knowledge and decades of leadership in the travel industry are exactly what we need to build this organization."
Travel and tourism is one of the world's largest and fastest growing industries. Over the next 10 years, travel and tourism's total contribution to global GDP is forecast to rise to $9.2 trillion, bringing with it 65 million new jobs. By 2021, travel and tourism will be responsible for one in 10 jobs, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council.
Each overseas visitor to America spends an average of $4,000 per trip on hotels, restaurants, attractions, retail and other activities.
"Attracting more international travelers to the U.S. will benefit the industry and our country by creating jobs, growing exports and spurring economic growth," said Evans. "I am proud and excited to serve the travel industry - and our country - in carrying out this important mission."
The Travel Promotion Act, which created the Corporation for Travel Promotion, was signed into law in 2010 in order to help the U.S. capture a greater share of the global travel market. Once it is implemented, the entity will have a budget of up to $200 million, with half of the funding coming from the private sector and no cost to U.S. taxpayers. The program will be responsible for using advertising and other marketing tactics to help increase visitor spending in the U.S.
(Photo credit - photos.prnewswire.com)
Labels: Corporation for Travel Promotion, tourism, travel news 0 comments |
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Join TOS
TOS Website
The Official Magazine of
The Oceanography Society
Early Releases
Electronic Editions
Volume 22 | Number 2 | June 2009
Special Issue: The Tenth Anniversary of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program
On the Cover: Hurricane Gustav and Tropical Storm Hanna on August 31, 2008, showing the coal trail in sea surface temperature (SST) on the east side of Gustav. Warm SSTs can strengthen hurricanes. The SSTs shown in this image were produced by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program’s Multi-Sensor Improved Sea Surface Temperature (MISST) project. Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio.
Cover PDF
SPECIAL ISSUE FEATURES
How the Oceanographic Community Created a National Oceanographic Partnership Program
Watkins, J.D., T.R. Schaff, and R.W. Spinrad. 2009. How the oceanographic community created a National Oceanographic Partnership Program. Oceanography 22(2):20–24, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.33.
Ten Years of NOPP Accomplishments
Lindstrom, E.J., J.J. Kendall Jr., and B. Chicoski. 2009. Ten years of NOPP accomplishments. Oceanography 22(2):25–27, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.34.
The Bridge Web Site: Growing and Sustaining Partnerships Between Ocean Science and Education
Clark, V.P., L.A. Lawrence, C. Petrone, and L. Larkin. 2009. The Bridge Web site: Growing and sustaining partnerships between ocean science and education. Oceanography 22(2):28–33, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.35.
The Argo Program: Observing the Global Ocean with Profiling Floats
Roemmich, D., G.C. Johnson, S. Riser, R. Davis, J. Gilson, W.B. Owens, S.L. Garzoli, C. Schmid, and M. Ignaszewski. 2009. The Argo Program: Observing the global ocean with profiling floats. Oceanography 22(2):34–43, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.36.
Economic Considerations in the Design of Ocean Observing Systems
Kite-Powell, H.L. 2009. Economic considerations in the design of ocean observing systems. Oceanography 22(2):44–49, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.37.
Analysis of Deepwater Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico: Artificial Reef Effect of Six World War II Shipwrecks
Church, R.A., D.J. Warren, and J.B. Irion. 2009. Analysis of deepwater shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico: Artificial reef effect of Six World War II shipwrecks. Oceanography 22(2):50–63, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.38.
US GODAE: Global Ocean Prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)
Chassignet, E.P., H.E. Hurlburt, E.J. Metzger, O.M. Smedstad, J.A. Cummings, G.R. Halliwell, R. Bleck, R. Baraille, A.J. Wallcraft, C. Lozano, H.L. Tolman, A. Srinivasan, S. Hankin, P. Cornillon, R. Weisberg, A. Barth, R. He, F. Werner, and J. Wilkin. 2009. US GODAE: Global ocean prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Oceanography 22(2):64–75, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.39.
MISST: The Multi-Sensor Improved Sea Surface Temperature Project
Gentemann, C.L., P.J. Minnett, J. Sienkiewicz, M. DeMaria, J. Cummings, Y. Jin, J.D. Doyle, L. Gramer, C.N. Barron, K.S. Casey, and C.J. Donlon. 2009. MISST: The Multi-Sensor Improved Sea Surface Temperature Project. Oceanography 22(2):76–87, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.40.
The Global General Circulation of the Ocean Estimated by the ECCO-Consortium
Wunsch, C., P. Heimbach, R.M. Ponte, I. Fukumori, and the ECCO-GODAE Consortium Members. 2009. The global general circulation of the ocean estimated by the ECCO-Consortium. Oceanography 22(2):88–103, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.41
OBIS-SEAMAP: The World Data Center for Marine Mammal, Sea Bird, and Sea Turtle Distributions
Halpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach. 2009. OBIS-SEAMAP: The world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions. Oceanography 22(2):104–115, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.42.
NVODS and the Development of OPeNDAP
Cornillon, P., J. Adams, M.B. Blumenthal, E. Chassignet, E. Davis, S. Hankin, J. Kinter, R. Mendelssohn, J.T. Potemra, A. Srinivasan, and J. Sirott. 2009. NVODS and the development of OPeNDAP. Oceanography 22(2):116–127, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.43.
Growing a Distributed Ocean Observatory: Our View from the COOL Room
Glenn, S., and O. Schofield. 2009. Growing a distributed ocean observatory: Our view from the COOL Room. Oceanography 22(2):128–145, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.44.
The Nurturing of Seagliders by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program
Eriksen, C.C., and M.J. Perry. 2009. The nurturing of seagliders by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. Oceanography 22(2):146–157, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.45.
Remote Detection of Marine Microbes, Small Invertebrates, Harmful Algae, and Biotoxins using the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP)
Scholin, C., G. Doucette, S. Jensen, B. Roman, D. Pargett, R. Marin III, C. Preston, W. Jones, J. Feldman, C. Everlove, A. Harris, N. Alvarado, E. Massion, J. Birch, D. Greenfield, R. Vrijenhoek, C. Mikulski, and K. Jones. 2009. Remote detection of marine microbes, small invertebrates, harmful algae, and biotoxins using the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP). Oceanography 22(2):158–167, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.46.
The NOPP O-SCOPE and MOSEAN Projects: Advanced Sensing for Ocean Observing Systems
Dickey, T., N. Bates, R.H. Byrne, G. Chang, F.P. Chavez, R.A. Feely, A.K. Hanson, D.M. Karl, D. Manov, C. Moore, C.L. Sabine, and R. Wanninkhof. 2009. The NOPP O-SCOPE and MOSEAN Projects: Advanced sensing for ocean observing systems. Oceanography 22(2):168–181, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.47.
Autonomous Observations of the Ocean Biological Carbon Pump
Bishop, J.K.B. 2009. Autonomous observations of the ocean biological carbon pump. Oceanography 22(2):182–193, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.48.
Operational Use and Impact of Satellite Remotely Sensed Ocean Surface Vector Winds in the Marine Warning and Forecasting Environment
Chang, P.S., Z. Jelenak, J.M. Sienkiewicz, R. Knabb, M.J. Brennan, D.G. Long, and M. Freeberg. 2009. Operational use and impact of satellite remotely sensed ocean surface vector winds in the marine warning and forecasting environment. Oceanography 22(2):194–207, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.49.
The National Oceanographic Partnership Program: A Decade of Impacts on Oceanography
Decker, C.J., and C. Reed. 2009. The National Oceanographic Partnership Program: A decade of impacts on oceanography. Oceanography 22(2):208–227, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.50.
REGULAR ISSUE FEATURES
Kayaking with Bernoulli
Baschek, B., and D.M. Farmer. 2009. Kayaking with Bernoulli. Oceanography 22(2):228–233, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.51.
BREAKING WAVES
Wave Navigation in The Marshall Islands: Comparing Indigenous and Western Scientific Knowledge of the Ocean
Genz, J., J. Aucan, M. Merrifield, B. Finney, K. Joel, and A. Kelen. 2009. Wave navigation in the Marshall Islands: Comparing indigenous and Western scientific knowledge of the ocean. Oceanography 22(2):234–245, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.52.
QUARTERDECK • Common Graphics Misconceptions
Kappel, E.S. 2009. Quarterdeck: Common graphics misconceptions. Oceanography 22(2):7–9, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.53.
FROM THE PRESIDENT • New Organizing Principle for Ocean Sciences
Thoroughgood, C. 2009. From the President: New organizing principle for ocean sciences. Oceanography 22(2):10–11, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.54.
COMMENTARY • Enhancing Ocean Literacy Using Real-Time Data
Adams, L.G., and G. Matsumoto. 2009. Commentary: Enhancing ocean literacy using real-time data. Oceanography 22(2):12–13, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.55.
RIPPLE MARKS • "Witch Tree" Embodies Spirit of Lake Superior | No Safe Harbor for "Living Fossil" Fish Along Tanzania's Coast | Total Eclipse of the Art | The Unexpected Rainmakers: Forests—Atmospheric Moisture Pumps—May Be Driving Rainfall
Dybas, C.L. 2009. Ripple marks—The story behind the story. Oceanography 22(2):14–18, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.56.
ROGER REVELLE COMMEMORATIVE LECTURE • The Once and Future Ocean
Falkowski, P.G. 2009. Tenth Annual Roger Revelle Commemorative Lecture: The once and future ocean. Oceanography 22(2):246–251, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.57.
HANDS-ON OCEANOGRAPHY • A Classroom Activity Using Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures to Predict Coral Bleaching
Parker, B.-A., T.R.L. Christensen, S.F. Heron, J.A. Morgan, and C.M. Eakin. 2009. Hands-on oceanography | A classroom activity using satellite sea surface temperatures to predict coral bleaching. Oceanography 22(2):252–257, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.58.
THE OCEANOGRAPHY CLASSROOM • Working Away From Home–The Longer-term Option
Boxall, S. 2009. The oceanography classroom | Working away from home–The longer-term option. Oceanography 22(2):258–260, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.59.
BOOK REVIEW • Chemical Oceanography and the Marine Carbon Cycle
Shaw, T. 2009. Review of Chemical Oceanography and the Marine Carbon Cycle, by S. Emerson and J. Hedges. Oceanography 22(2):261–263, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.60.
FILM REVIEW • Strait Through The Ice
Syvitski, J.P.M. 2009. Review of Strait Through The Ice, a film by Y. Billy. Oceanography 22(2):263–264, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.61.
Special Issue Guest Editors
Ben Chicoski, Consortium for Ocean Leadership
We would like to thank the National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Office of Naval Research for sponsoring this issue of Oceanography.
Oceanography Magazine, The Oceanography Society, 1 Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
Tel: (1) 301-251-7708, Fax: (1) 301-251-7709, E-mail: magazine@tos.org
Send comments about this site to webmaster1@tos.org
Oceanography Magazine
1 Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
Tel: (1) 301-251-7708
Fax: (1) 301-251-7709
E-mail: magazine@tos.org
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Skooly - Lil Boy S**t
Skooly "Lil Boy S**t" (Official Music Video)
Watch the official music video for “Lil Boy S**t” by Skooly.
Skooly - Lil Boy S**t (Official Video)
"Lil Boy S**t" available now!
Stream/Download: https://Skooly.lnk.to/LIlBoyShitML
Follow Skooly
https://www.facebook.com/SBSkooly
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https://www.youtube.com/skoolycosanostra
https://twitter.com/sb_skooly
https://soundcloud.com/therealskooly
Atlanta-based rapper Skooly was born Kazarion Fowler in 1994 and co-founded hip-hop group Rich Kidz with friend Kaelub Denson when he was just 14. Together with Denson (also known as RKaelub) and a growing collective of other artists, Skooly was part of Rich Kidz from their 2008 inception, branching off into a solo career around 2015 when he released a series of singles and his Blacc John Gotti mixtape. The collection of tracks featured cameo appearances by Young Dolph, Ryns, Que and even 2 Chainz, who shortly after collaborating with Skooly signed the young rapper to his T.R.U. label. Skooly's debut for T.R.U. came in the form of 2017's full-length album BAcCWArdFeELiNgS, which featured guest spots from Young Thug, Kidd, and others. The Don't You Ever Forget Me EP followed in 2018 and featured an appearance by 2 Chainz.
2019 10s Skooly Hip-Hop
Artist: Skooly
Video title: Lil Boy S**t
NEW: Theatre Mode…
Click the "Lights Out!" button under the player to enjoy it... and the "Lights ON!" button to go back to normal mode.
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Serena routs Suarez Navarro again; gets Riske, not Barty, in quarters
The 23-time Grand Slam champion hasn't lost a set to the Spaniard in any of their seven matches.
By Ashley Ndebele
On Manic Monday, it was all business for Serena Williams. Contesting her 16th Wimbledon fourth-round match, she raced past Carla Suarez Navarro, 6-2, 6-2, to reach her 14th quarterfinal at the grass-court major. She also extended her Wimbledon record to 79 straight-set wins.
"I definitely feel like I'm getting better and better day by day. But, you know, every match is still super hard," said Serena. "Like even today I won a lot of points. It wasn't like your average 6-2, 6-2 score. Wasn't too many 40-Love games at all actually. I think everyone is also getting better. As the tournament goes on, that's when the better players are surviving."
Suarez Navarro came into the match seeking her first win against the 37-year-old American, but once again, she came up woefully short. In her seven matches against Serena, she has yet to win even so much as a set. In a minor victory, the Spaniard didn't surrender a bagel set to Serena, which she's done five previous times.
In today's match, Serena jumped out to comfortable leads in each set, and never let Suarez Navarro back in. She was going for the lines, forcing Suarez Navarro to play well above her game. Up 3-0 in the second set, a scrappy game cost the seven-time Wimbledon champion one break, but it wasn’t nearly enough to put a dent in her gilded armor.
One thing that stood out about Serena today was her calmness. Case in point: after reaching over the net, she was denied a point that would have given her a second break in the first set. But instead of arguing with the umpire or focusing on what could have been, she accepted it, walked back to the baseline, and a couple of points later, she was rewarded with the break.
“I think I play pretty good when I'm calm, but also super intense, just finding the balance in between there,” said Serena. “So it's a hard balance to find because sometimes when I'm too calm, I don't have enough energy. Still trying to find that balance.”
Chasing her 24th major, and her first since giving birth to her first child, Serena is bidding to break her own record of oldest woman to win a singles major—she did it at 35 years old at the 2017 Australian Open.
“Getting to the top is often fun. You have nothing to lose, especially if you've never been there. It's like a great climb,” said Serena. “Sustaining that for years and years takes a lot of work, a ton of work. You don't want to fall because you know what it's like to be at the top, you know how it feels. At least I do, I know how it feels, how you want to stay there, how you want to get back there.”
For a spot in the final four, the 23-time Grand Slam champion will play fellow American Alison Riske, who pulled a stunning upset against top-seeded Ashleigh Barty earlier on Monday, winning 3-6, 6-2, 6-3, to reach her first Grand Slam quarterfinal.
"I think it's super exciting. I played doubles with Serena, but never played against her," said Riske. "It will be an interesting match. Again, I think today was a great preparation for me going into the Serena match. Again, I'm ready for a war. She's the greatest athlete I think that's ever been on the women's side. It's going to be a huge challenge, but I'm really looking forward to it."
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January 31, 2012 by Noah Jeppson
In July 1973 the corner of Harwood Street and Commerce street was the scene of a dramatic protest. In a shocking incident Santos Rodriquez – a 12-year-old boy suspected of burglary – was shot to death by a policeman while handcuffed to the back of the officer’s vehicle. As the investigation ensued, a memorial march of 1,200 people wound through downtown Dallas. The march – peaceful at first – turned chaotic, resulting in violence and broken store windows. At the corner of Harwood Street and Commerce Street two police motorcycles were set afire outside of the Municipal Building, home to the Dallas Police Department. The press photo below documents the event. In the background can be seen the Dallas Public Library & Statler-Hilton on the left, and the Gold Ring Garage (now site of Main Street Garden) on the right. The officer responsible for the incident was later convicted and sentenced to 5-years in prison.
Police motorcycles burn during a chaotic protest at the corner of Harwood Street and Commerce Street in 1973.
About the author: Noah Jeppson is creative designer and urbanite. As a resident of downtown Dallas for 5+ years he has been active in neighborhood policy, advocacy and preservation. To connect, find him on Twitter as dfwcre8tive.
3 Responses to "Protesting Police on Commerce Street"
Adrianne Pierce says:
Hi Noah – Where did this photo come from?
Noah Jeppson says:
It’s a press photo in my collection dating back to the event in 1973.
Wow, that is crazy, 5 years…really!! I think that is egregiously disproportioned to the offense of a public servant (police officer) taking the life of a 12 year old boy.
If a 12 year old had taken the police officers life, he would be tried as an adult and then sent to Death Row!
Titche-Goettinger History Celebration
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2-3-5 in the 215: Tactics in the early days of Philadelphia soccer
by Ed Farnsworth
Holmes Stadium, home of the ASL’s Philadelphia Nationals, in 1949. Pictured is Lighthouse Boys Club in action. Photo courtesy of Len Oliver.
In the years immediately following the codification of the Laws of the Game in 1863, soccer as it was played would have borne little resemblance to how it is played today. Some differences would have been obvious. For example, goal kicks weren’t introduced until 1869 and goalkeeper wasn’t a recognized position until 1872. Referees weren’t included in the Laws of the Game until 1880. Crossbars weren’t mandatory on goals until 1882 (tape or a section of rope was typical before then), nets weren’t required until 1892. It wasn’t until 1909 that the goalkeeper was mandated to wear a differently colored shirt than his teammates and not until 1912 was he restricted to handling the ball only in his own box.
The evolution of the Laws of the Game aside, how players were organized in their effort to score goals also evolved over time. As Jonathan Wilson explains in Inverting the Pyramid: The History of Football Tactics, what we think of a “shape,” or the formation or position of players on the pitch, and how this influences the development of tactics, would take several decades to approach even a basic form that would be recognizable today. By the time organized soccer began in Philadelphia in the late 1880s, the first soccer formation that would begin the mature development of the diverse tactics of the modern game, the 2–3–5, was firmly in place.
Evolving toward the 2-3-5
The original definition of Law Six—the offside rule—was strict in the extreme: “When a player has kicked the ball, any one of the same side who is nearer to the opponent’s goal line is out of play, and may not touch the ball himself, nor in any way whatever prevent any other player from doing so, until he is in play.” This meant that passing could only have been lateral or backwards and so encouraged the development of the “dribbling game.”
Dribbling in the early days of soccer was thought of differently from what we see today. The player with the ball, who may have been as unwilling to give up the ball to his teammates as to the opposition (we would have probably thought of the dribbler as a ball hog), would have charged at the opposition, backed up by his teammates, searching for some weak point to break through toward goal. Play would have looked something like rugby without the handling. Teams, more or less, simply chased the ball. The formation, such as it was, would have resembled something like a 2–9 or 3–8.
The liberalization of Law Six in 1866—a player was now considered to be onside when three players on the opposing team were nearer their own goal line—meant the possibilities of forward passing could begin to be explored. Local conventions of players and teams would have been as much a factor in their willingness to explore those possibilities as would have been any successful result from employing new tactics. For example, the culture of dribbling in some areas meant that heading the ball would have been seen as an oddity since there would have been little reason for the ball to leave the ground other than to lift it over a challenging foot or through accident. To such thinking, crosses in the air would have seemed strange and even unsporting.
The first international match, Scotland v England, in 1872.
Wilson suggests the spread of the passing game throughout the early football world—which at this point would have been Great Britain and Ireland—can be traced to soccer’s first international, between Scotland and England, in 1872. England played in a formation that was something like a 1–2–7. Scotland, made up of players from the Glasgow-based Queens Park Club, played in something like a 2–2–6. Though the match ended as a scoreless draw, that the Scotland side “played excellently well together” made a strong impression on the heavily favored England side. Scottish players would would be instrumental in spreading the idea of the “combination game”—dribbling and passing—in England.
The 1883 FA Cup Final, in which the professional Blackburn Olympic side used long passes from wing to wing to beat the amateur and dribbling side Old Etonians, marked both the rise of professionalism over the previously prevailing amateur ethic and the ascendancy of combined play. Tactically, over the course of the 1880s, it became the norm for one of the center forwards in the 2-2-6 formation to drop back from the front of a team’s attack to become the center half of the 2–3–5 formation, also known as “the Pyramid.”
The 2-3-5 in Philadelphia
The English, Irish, and Scottish immigrants who formed Philadelphia’s first soccer clubs and organized its first leagues brought the 2–3–5 with them. Early newspaper accounts of games regularly praise “a good combination game.” Descriptions of team rosters list goalkeeper, two full backs, three halfbacks, two right wings (one inside and one out), one center and two left wings (also one inside and one out) exclusively from the end of the 1880s into the 1920s.
It would not be until the further liberalization of the offside law in 1925 that an alternative formation would arise (see Julian Carosi’s The History of Offside for an informative overview of the evolution of the interpretation of the offside law). Since 1867, the offside law required three defenders in front of an attacking player moving to receive the ball for the attacker to be onside. In 1925, the Law was changed so that now only two defenders had to be between the attacker and the defender’s goal. This change in the offside law came about because the overwhelming effectiveness of the offside trap according to the old offside rule had resulted in too few goals, too many draws, and utterly boring games. With the new offside rule freeing up possibilities for the attack, the W-M formation (variously described as a 3–2–5, a 3–4–3, or a 3–2–2–3) was developed by Herbert Chapman at Arsenal. Other innovations would eventually follow around the world.
In Philadelphia, the 2–3–5 would remain the formation through the 1930s and 1940s. Describing his childhood in Philadelphia’s Kensington neighborhood, National Soccer Hall of Fame member Len Oliver wrote, “My earliest soccer memories were watching my father play in the late ‘30s…My father was a blur in his red and black jersey-running, passing, tackling, yelling—a 5’7” pesty Scottish center half moving up and down the field under the traditional 2–3–5, soccer’s mainstay system since the 1870s. And he seemed to be always full of mud.” Oliver may be incorrect in referring to the 2–3–5 as the “mainstay system since the 1870s,” but that it was the global default formation for decades is undeniable.
Describing his first coach at Lighthouse Boys Club, Ozzie Lynn — “a wrinkled, stolid Englishman who could still drive a ball 60 yards” — Oliver writes, “Coach Ozzie told us where to play, still in the traditional 2-3-5, and we did it…Raw, tough, hard soccer where we honed our skills, applying what we had learned in the streets to real, full-sided games. We now started to learn positions, heading (seldom done in street soccer), and a tactical sense of the game.”
A “new” formation arrives
It wouldn’t be until 1951 when he began playing at Temple University as a freshman under head coach Pete Leaness that Oliver learned a different tactical system. Oliver explained in an interview,
I always loved to run, to connect on the field, to be a catalyst for our forwards while doing my duty on defense, so the “W-M” System” was a natural outlet for any soccer talents I had. Leaness accepted the system and that’s what we played from then on—the “3-back game,” or “W-M” in coach parlance. It gave us more cover at the back, and freed up our midfielders to be playmakers with the Inside Forwards.
Once it became popular in American soccer, every team adopted the “Three-Back Game” as we called it at the time. Your links were the two midfielders and the two inside forwards, with a center forward and two wingers in attack.
So, just over a quarter century after its introduction, and at least a decade after it became the dominant formation in England, Oliver finally encountered the W-M.
Stationed in Germany with the US Army, Oliver traveled to the 1958 World Cup in Sweden and so was probably one of the first Americans to witness Brazil’s revolutionary 4-2-4.
I was a young GI stationed in Germany at the time of the 1958 World Cup in Sweden, so I just got on a train to Sweden, found tickets at the gate, and saw my first World Cup live. I was somewhat amazed to see Brazil come out with a 4-2-4 formation, but from the start of the game, Brazil’s outside backs kept going up the field to support the attack, almost a 2-2-6! Only Brazil could play this system, so it didn’t catch on as the 4-3-3 and the 4-4-2 did later in the 1960s and 1970s. Brazil’s 4-2-4 required attacking outside backs, who were always running the flanks, supporting the attack. Few teams had these types of resources.
So, while lining up in a 4-2-4, when Brazil transitioned into the attack their shape turned into “almost a 2-2-6,” coming full circle to the same formation employed by Scotland to such influential effect in 1872 against England. In the center of that circle for decades, in Philadelphia and elsewhere, was the 2-3-5.
A version of this article was originally posted at The Philly Soccer Page on January 14, 2010.
Ed Farnsworth
Ed was formerly the managing editor of The Philly Soccer Page. In addition to PSP and the SASH website, his work has also appeared at Philly.com, TheCup.us, The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, Centro de Investigaciones de Historia y Estadística del Fútbol Español, EPYSA.org, and in the 2011 MLS All-Star Game program. Email him at efarnsworth@phillysoccerpage.com. Follow him on Twitter at @FarnsworthPSP.
All posts by Ed Farnsworth
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Origin Featured
Casog
Top 50 Reviewer
View all my reviews (260)
Is Immortality worth the cost?
Origin is about Pia, the first immortal human born in the depths of the Amazon rainforest, one of the major secret hidden in the vast jungle. She lives in a small community called Little Cam, and was raised by the scientists who created her, the same ones who keep her hidden away from the rest of the world. Then on her seventeenth birthday, a hole appears in the secure fences that surround her home, and she steps out into a new world that has always been just beyond her reach. With freedom at last, she discovers the truth of her very existence.
The other immortality books that I have read are either about gods and goddesses, or about humanity trying to discover it, but Origin is different because Pia was born into it, and it wasn't her fault to have it in the first place. SPOILER. And at the end of the book, she fights to get rid of it, something I have never encountered before.
The characters in the story were great, but you could see that there was something fishy about them from the very beginning. Pia was a good heroine, and she was written in the way that was exactly like her upbringing, caged and brainwashed. Pia was a bit snotty, and being told that she was perfect all the time didn't really help. Although she become less stuck-up, some of her snobbishness lingered throughout the entire book. I really didn't feel anything about Eio, he seemed nice, but we never really got to see him much, and he was just that guy in the forest for most of the book, nothing really happened. Although I was happy the love didn't overwhelm the story, I think there was a bit to little. If Pia had more love to fight for, she would of been a stronger character. The one other important character in the story was Dr. Harriet. She was great, even though she hardly knew Pia, she was nice, willing, and taught Pia how to be free.
I think there was too little description in the story. There was barely anything about the inside of Little Cam, other than the horrors of what was going in it's depths. The rainforest had a bit more, but not much. We only ever got to see vague details about what it looked like, a good description has all the senses in it, not just one.
Origin is a great book about immortality, one very different to a lot of other ones. The characters are brilliant, and the plot is just perfect. This book teaches us about freedom, and what it is to being truly human.
Brain Snacks for Teens on the Go!: 50 Smart Ideas to Turbo-Charge Your Life
a reader
"Reader reviewed by by kanwarsingh Seldom do we see teen authors and i must applaud alex southmayd for finding time..."
"Reader reviewed by Bro I found this book both informative and funny. Very much worth the..."
"Reader reviewed by RH I just wanted to thank the author for wring such a cool book. I have purchased..."
"Reader reviewed by Skip Hey everyone, I just got Brain Snacks for Teens on the Go! as..."
"Reader reviewed by CD I really enjoyed reading Brain Snacks for Teens on the Go! There are some..."
"Reader reviewed by Josh My girl friend just gave me this book, and I read it in about 2 hours...."
The Eternity Cure (Blood of Eden #2)
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Home › News › 10th consecutive top safety grade from Leapfrog
UCI Health earns 10th consecutive top grade from The Leapfrog Group
UCI Health has received a 10th consecutive “A” grade in The Leapfrog Group’s biannual Hospital Safety Grade, which rates how well hospitals protect patients from errors, injuries and infections. The spring 2019 Hospital Safety Grade is compiled by The Leapfrog Group, a nonprofit patient safety watchdog organization, that assessed patient safety among more than 2,600 hospitals in the United States.
“Every day, UCI Health physicians, nurses and staff come to work committed to providing our patients with the safest environment and highest quality care available,” said UCI Health Chief Medical Officer William C. Wilson, MD, MA. “It is a privilege to provide our community with the most advanced level of complex care in our region.”
The commitment to the safety of UCI Health patients is reflected in other recent milestones, including:
Successful completion of The Joint Commission accreditation survey this spring
Recognition as the first academic health system, amongst more than 4,700 hospitals world-wide, to implement all 30 evidence-based Actionable Patient Safety Solutions and achieve a five-star rating from the Patient Safety Movement Foundation
The American College of Surgeons’ Meritorious Hospital award in its National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, which recognizes hospitals that have achieved excellent outcomes for surgical patient care
The Leapfrog Group’s report is the first and only hospital safety rating to be peer-reviewed in the Journal of Patient Safety, the score is free to the public and designed to give consumers information they can use to protect themselves and their families when facing a hospital stay.
“Leapfrog’s Hospital Safety Grades recognize hospitals like UCI Medical Center that focus on advancing patient safety. This ranking provides an important resource for patients, and a benchmark for hospitals, to determine how care at one hospital compares to others in a region,” said Leah Binder, president and CEO of The Leapfrog Group. “Hospitals that earn an ‘A’ Hospital Safety Grade deserve to be recognized for their efforts in preventing medical harm and errors.”
The safety scores consider factors such as how often a hospital gives patients recommended treatment for a given medical condition or procedure; assesses the environment in which patients receive care, such as whether a hospital uses a computerized physician order entry system to prevent medication errors; and what happens to a patient while receiving care, such as whether care teams left foreign objects in patients while undergoing surgery.
Developed under the guidance of Leapfrog’s Blue Ribbon Expert Panel, the Hospital Safety Score uses 27 measures of publicly available hospital safety data to produce a single “A,” “B,” “C,” “D,” or “F” score representing a hospital’s overall capacity to keep patients safe from preventable harm. Of more than 2,600 hospitals graded, 32 percent earned an “A,” 26 percent earned a “B,” 36 percent a “C,” 6 percent a “D” and just under 1 percent an “F.”
The Hospital Safety Score is fully transparent, with a full analysis of the data and methodology used in determining grades available online. The public can compare scores locally and nationally at the newly updated Hospital Safety Score website at http://www.hospitalsafetygrade.org/. Consumers can also download the Hospital Safety Score mobile app.
About The Leapfrog Group: Founded in 2000 by large employers and other purchasers, The Leapfrog Group is a national nonprofit organization driving a movement for giant leaps forward in the quality and safety of American health care. The flagship Leapfrog Hospital Survey collects and transparently reports hospital performance, empowering purchasers to find the highest-value care and giving consumers the lifesaving information they need to make informed decisions. The Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade, Leapfrog’s other main initiative, assigns letter grades to hospitals based on their record of patient safety, helping consumers protect themselves and their families from errors, injuries, accidents, and infections.
UCI Health comprises the clinical, medical education and research enterprises of the University of California, Irvine. Patients can access UCI Health at physician offices throughout Orange County and at its main campus, UCI Medical Center in Orange, Calif., a 417-bed acute care hospital that provides tertiary and quaternary care, ambulatory and specialty medical clinics, behavioral health and rehabilitation. U.S. News & World Report has listed it among America’s Best Hospitals for 19 consecutive years. UCI Medical Center features Orange County’s only National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center, high-risk perinatal/neonatal program, Level I trauma center and Level II pediatric trauma center, and is the primary teaching hospital for UCI School of Medicine. UCI Health serves a region of more than 3 million people in Orange County, western Riverside County and southeast Los Angeles County. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
About the University of California, Irvine: Founded in 1965, UCI is the youngest member of the prestigious Association of American Universities. The campus has produced three Nobel laureates and is known for its academic achievement, premier research, innovation and anteater mascot. Led by Chancellor Howard Gillman, UCI has more than 30,000 students and offers 192 degree programs. U.S. News & World Report has rated UCI as the seventh-best public university in the country in its 2019 Best Colleges evaluation. It’s located in one of the world’s safest and most economically vibrant communities and is Orange County’s second-largest employer, contributing $5 billion annually to the local economy. For more on UCI, visit www.uci.edu.
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Interview with Mr Alfredo Pérez-Rubalcaba a key figure in Spanish politics. The former Interior Minister, Minister of Education, Deputy PM and leader of the Spanish socialist party was interviewed by one of our students in Madrid last autumn. He unfortunately passed away in May. With his loss we say goodbye to a tenacious politician and a key figure in ending the armed struggle with the ETA terrorist group.
Interview in Spanish and translation into English by Khalea Robertson (Final year degree student in Modern Language (Spanish) with International Development at UEA)
This interview was first published in Spanish in La Taberna UEA (14 December 2018): http://www.la-taberna.org/actualidad-articles/2018/12/13/acabar-con-eta-no-supona-acabar-con-el-pensamiento-de-cientos-de-miles-de-vascos
Who was Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba?
By Alfredo Castro-Jiménez (La Taberna UEA editor and Spanish Tutor) and Alberto Hijazo-Gascón (Head of Spanish)
“I live better, I sleep better and I earn less, but in general, life is better”. This is how Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba (Solares, Cantabria, 1951-Madrid, 2019) talked about his new life, which started when he left politics in July 2014. Unfortunately, his new life did not last long, not even for five years. A stroke took the life of Mr Pérez Rubalcaba on 10 May 2019. He was a key figure in post-Franco Spanish politics. He held a number of important ministerial roles whilst in government, including Minister of Education and Minister of Presidency with the Prime Minister Felipe González, and Deputy PM to José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. He was Interior Minister when ETA terrorists ended their armed struggle. He almost become PM when he led the PSOE into the 2011 election, in the middle of the economic crisis in Southern Europe.
Mr Rubalcaba left the political field after 32 years, he dedicated all his life to Spanish politics, since the “Spanish transition to democracy” and during the governments of Felipe González in the 80s. La Taberna UEA, the first publication in Spanish at the University of East Anglia, had the opportunity to interview Mr Rubalcaba last December. Our finalist student Khalea Robertson interviewed him at his office at the Complutense University in Madrid, to which he had returned as a lecturer in Organic Chemistry after leaving politics. Committed, understanding and tenacious he talked about the friends he had lost, about the end of ETA, about feminism, Chemistry and football. With Mr Rubalcaba’s loss, we say goodbye to a particular way of doing politics and to the historical PSOE that was rooted in the Transición and a two-party system.
Khalea Robertson (K.R): I read that as a university student, you ran a 100m dash in 10.9 seconds at a meet. That’s impressive! What do you think has remained with you from your time as an athlete?
Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba (A.P.R): I really enjoyed athletics and for a few years of my life, particularly between 17 and 19 years old, I dedicated a lot of time to it, so I was very good, or my times were promising to say the least. But at 19 I had a very serious injury and I couldn’t run for an entire year. I tore a muscle and by the time I could run again, the sport had moved on. But during those 2 or 3 years, I wouldn’t say that I was at a professional level, but semi-professional. I trained 8 or 9 times a week, went to training camps with the Spanish national team. I wasn’t going to be Carl Lewis, obviously not, but I could have run 10.4, 10.5 seconds, which is really good. But the injury ended my athletic career. I’ve thought that maybe it turned out to be good thing in the end because it allowed me to study more. I was so obsessed with running.
I developed tenacity through athletics. To run a decent time on the track, you have to train diligently and relentlessly, you have to make sacrifices, because sometimes training doesn’t go well. I think athletics, like politics, is an almost constant suffering, and with what is going on these days, I can’t even begin to tell you. I learned to suffer but to do it with a degree of dignity.
K.R.: You are now a university lecturer of Organic Chemistry, you attained your doctorate in 1978, and it is said that you had the potential to become one of the most prominent chemists in Spain… yet you ended up in politics.
A.P.R.: It wasn’t a decision I made. I come from a generation that grew up in politics with the resistance against Franco – me and many other colleagues: [former Secretary General of NATO] Javier Solana, Joaquín Almunia, José María Maravall, [former Prime Minister] Felipe González. It’s true that from my first years at university I joined left-wing organisations, represented them in my course, and I participated in political activities directly linked to the existence of a dictatorship in my country. But I never thought about becoming a politician. Never. I did my doctoral thesis, studied abroad, and was preparing to be an organic chemist.
In 1982, Felipe González wins the election and then something strange happens. Those of us who had worked on González’s campaign felt a sense of responsibility. My first boss in government was José María Maravall, Professor of Sociology at the Universidad Complutense, who called me one day to say he wanted me to join his Ministry [of Education and Science] so that I could work on implementing the policies put forward in the campaign that I was a part of. I felt obligated to go, if only for a short period of time. Then 30 years passed, but that’s how it goes.
We weren’t politicians, we participated in politics, which is different. I’ll put it another way: if Franco hadn’t existed, almost certainly I would have been an organic chemist, almost certainly. However, I will say that, for me, constructing a parliamentary speech is almost the same as constructing a lesson. Politics involves a lot of teaching.
K.R.: You are considered one of the crucial components of the successful ceasefire negotiations between the Spanish government and ETA during your second term as Interior Minister. How would you describe your role in the process?
A.P.R.: It was a two-pronged approach, because although I had to maintain a dialogue with ETA, at the same time, I had to go after them. It’s true that I negotiated with ETA to try to put an end to the violence, but I couldn’t put law enforcement aside, because I was the Interior Minister. It was kind of a Jekyll and Hyde situation but it had its advantages and I’ll explain the most important one to you: in the history of ETA, each time that there was a ceasefire, they exploited it to rearm themselves. I always thought that these ceasefires were purely tactical, meaning that they agreed to it when they were going through a rough patch and in the meantime, everyone would drop their guard a little. Then they would switch commands and equip more people. Ultimately, like with any terrorist movement, ceasefires have a tactical element and I never lost sight of that. Hence, when I was in charge of the security forces, I would always tell them that when a ceasefire is in place, you don’t work less but more, because they will be reorganising themselves. It worked out in the end.
K.R.: Do you believe that it is necessary to put yourself in your opposite number’s shoes and try to understand their point-of-view when you enter into negotiations? During the peace process, did you find that your opinion of nationalist sentiment and pro-independence movements, in the Basque Country or other regions of Spain, changed or became more nuanced?
A.P.R.: That is key. When you approach a discussion, essentially, you have to know two things: the first is what you want and how far you are willing to go for it, what your red lines are; the second is what the red lines of the person opposite you are. That’s vital. Try to put yourself in the other person’s shoes, see what room for manoeuvre there is, keep in mind both your boundaries and theirs. That is how you determine if an agreement can be reached and how long it might take, knowing more or less what the limits are. It is essential that you understand what the other party is thinking.
With respect to your second question, in the case of ETA, no. Because from the beginning, we realised that what they wanted was impossible. What ETA wanted was to gain political capital from the negotiation process, from having discussions with a democratic government. With ETA, you can talk about how to end the violence, what you can’t talk about is politics. Politics is done in parliament. Democracy cannot condone that someone with a gun is able to gain political capital – however little it may be – when there is a democratic parliament in place. You cannot substitute parliamentary debate, held by representatives elected by citizens, for a discussion with some guys who go around killing people. It’s impossible.
K.R.: In the documentary film El fin de ETA (The End of ETA), another former Interior Minister, Jaime Mayor Oreja, claims that “no one has yet defeated ETA” because their “separation agenda” continues to form part of the political landscape not only of the Basque Country but also of Catalonia. What is your opinion on that? Do you believe that separatist movements are inextricably linked to ETA’s vision?
A.P.R.: The Spanish Constitution allows Spanish citizens to demand rights to independence. Pro-independence parties can’t even exist in some European countries. In Portugal and Germany, there are significant barriers to that, here no. You can be an advocate for Catalan, Galician, Basque, or Murcian independence, that’s fine. What you cannot do is murder in the pursuit of your objectives. What you cannot do is kill whoever doesn’t think like you. And that is the discussion surrounding terrorism. What we said to ETA is that you can promote your ideas through Batasuna – which is a political party – but you cannot kill those who don’t think like you. And they stopped, they stopped seven years ago because the State defeated them. Honestly, they stopped killing because they had no other choice but to stop. It’s not because they decided “now we’ll be good”. It was simply “we can’t do bad things anymore because they are coming after us, they are hounding us. It’s over, we can’t continue, we’ve been defeated.” Since that moment, Batasuna eschewed violence and from there, were able to promote their agenda in the parliamentary chamber.
Clearly there are pro-independence supporters in Euskadi [Basque name for the region], hundreds of thousands. Getting rid of ETA does not mean getting rid of the convictions of hundreds of thousands of Basques. Those who believe that getting rid of ETA is the same as putting an end to pro-independence sentiment are showing that they have no understanding of our constitution. The state does not persecute people for being pro-independence, it persecutes people because they commit murder to achieve independence.
K.R.: Did you lose any friends or colleagues to the armed resistance? Did you ever fear for your own life?
A.P.R.: I lost Fernando Buesa, who was a Councillor for Education when I was Secretary of State. I lost Ernest Lluch, Minister of Health and Consumption when I was in [Gonzalez’s] government. I remember that he supported Barcelona and I support Real Madrid and on Mondays he would always call me if Madrid had lost and Barça had won. First thing in the morning, I would have the Minister on the phone. Ernest was a really good friend of mine.
Fear? You don’t stop to think about it. You don’t stop to think, but I definitely looked under my car many times, many. Because truthfully, I have had bodyguards with me for a long time. I still have them, in fact. I used to look under my car, of course. And right here in Madrid! In Euskadi, they would look every day, in the morning and evening, each time that I stepped out of the car. When you have to crouch to check your car, you feel afraid, or the closest thing to fear. Of course you are worried, especially for the people around me, my wife, for example. I think worry is what I have felt. Listen, if something happened to Pilar because of me… that’s what you think about.
K.R.: Do you think that what is happening in Catalonia at the moment will be in the history books of future generations?
A.P.R.: Yes. Unfortunately, yes. It is the most significant political crisis that we have had in Spain in the last 40 years. Spain established its Constitution during the Transition period. The issue is that now, after 40 years, maybe we have to change some things, have another look at it. Political systems are restructured, reformed, but during the last 40 years we have had to change the country from top to bottom. Spanish democracy’s greatest crisis is what is happening in Catalonia.
There is a solution [but] I don’t see it happening any time soon. Because at the moment, there is a necessary judicial process underway because when laws are broken, judges get involved, and there is a government which has broken the law, and governments which break the law have to go to court and there it is decided what must be done. Until that is over, nothing else can happen. Afterwards, a political solution will have to be sought, a solution which cannot be independence, which cannot be the right to decide, the right to self-determination, because Catalonia is a part of Spain, and Spain without Catalonia would be something different, a different Spain. In other words, if Catalonia leaves and Spain changes, Spaniards have the right to have a say on what has been our centuries-long coexistence. It cannot be that one morning I decide to leave without first speaking to you. It is an amputation. So, a solution must be found with the idea that we are citizens of one state and that demands that we have equal rights and obligations. This must be supported through dialogue, by changing some laws or a statute, maybe even the Constitution. I believe that political solutions exist, but there are limitations and red lines, like I mentioned before.
K.R.: On your social media, you’ve made comments in support of feminism. Do you consider yourself a feminist?
A.P.R.: Yes, but only now. I wasn’t always. And I say that because now, suddenly, Spain has become a feminist country, everyone is a feminist, they don’t do anything else in life but fight for equality between men and women. It’s all a lie, it is completely fake. I have been a feminist for some time now and I will say that my political opinion has changed, in part, because I have spoken with feminists and seen things. If you were to ask me this in ‘82, I would have said, “well, sure, I support equality”. It is such a shame that I didn’t see things in 1982 as I do now. It is clear that Spain has changed for the better.
Feminism is equality, basically equality. That is how I understand feminism as part of my political agenda. Socialists, if we are to be defined by something, it is for having a sense of equality and freedom.
Remainers may not be the only ‘animals’ offended by Brexit
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Posted by Unknown on Wednesday, April 01, 2015 with No comments
Criticism, Rob DiCristino, Rob DiCristino Column, Rob Watches the Fast and Furious Series
Rob Watches the Fast and Furious Series - Part Five: Fast Five
In Part V, Dominic Toretto becomes Danny Ocean.
In this seven-part series, Rob watches the Fast and Furious films for the first time. Check out Part I here, Part II here, Part III here, and Part IV here.
"$11 million? Sounds like a whole lot of vaginal activity to me."
In purely critical, analytical, and ontological terms, Fast Five is flat-out crazy cuckoo banana pants. It's loud, ambitious, visceral, and delightfully unrefined. It builds on the example of Fast and Furious (as I hoped it would) and completes the series' transition from the race world into globetrotting action/adventure. It's not nearly as measured or well-composed as its predecessor, but it doesn't need to be. This is no time to play it safe. This is the time to throw everything at the wall and see what sticks. And I do mean everything: Fast Five brings back all of your favorite characters for an Ocean's Eleven heist adventure drunk on Corona and fueled by nitrous oxide.
Oh, and they threw in The goddamn Rock for good measure.
So let's get into this business: After freeing Dom from federal prison at the end of Fast and Furious, Brian and Mia head to Rio to lay low. Eventually, the three are reunited and framed for the murder of DEA agents while unknowingly pulling a job for South American Crime Lord Villain Guy. Hoping to clear their names and punish said Crime Lord Villain Guy for his indiscretion, they put together a team of Fast veterans to pull off the ultimate heist. Meanwhile, The Rock plays Belligerent Badass Tommy Lee Jones Special Agent In Charge Guy, who is willing to do whatever it takes to bring Toretto to justice. He tracks the group as they prep and plan to steal $100 million in one final job before retiring. And then things get completely bonkers.
There was a meeting at some point, in some board room at Universal Studios, in which the idea of adding The Rock to the Fast family was proposed. Maybe an ambitious marketing executive realized that both the Fast series and The Rock appealed to similar demographics. Maybe a quid pro quo was struck between the two parties which would give The Rock special studio perks or development rights to a passion project. Maybe they just wanted another bald guy and threw a dart at a bunch of headshots. Whatever the case, this decision should be remembered as one of the most inspired in all of cinema history. The Rock is impossibly, immeasurably fun in this ridiculous role, and getting to see him bark nonsense orders at lackeys and growl at Vin Diesel like a pit bull is more than worth the price of admission. My major criticism of this film is that he just isn't in it enough.
Fast Five is able to pull off a clean transition into the heist genre because of its colorful wealth of supporting characters. Each one is easily re-appropriated into a new role: Dom is the chessmaster, Brian is his conscience, Han* is the clever stealth guy, Tej is the tech/science guy, Gisele is the seductress, Roman (!) is the fast-talking misdirector, etc. While their plan makes absolutely no sense and Hobbes' interruptions negate most of their preparation anyway, we still get those great montages of tinkering trial-and-error that flesh out the characters and put us firmly in the bad guys' corner. Each team member gets a moment to shine. Again, the logic at play here is mostly illogical, but by the time Dom and Brian are dragging a 20x20-foot safe through the streets of Rio at sixty miles per hour and using it as a flail against oncoming police cars, you won't give a damn anyway. It's pretty fun.
That being said, there are legitimate points of concern. Fast Five gets away from itself in places and needs about twenty-five minutes trimmed off. Anything involving Vince (including the opening action sequence), the first confrontation between Dom and Hobbes, and a few other smaller scenes should have been cut or condensed to keep things focused and reduce the bloated running time. It takes entirely too long to get the team together, and that whole forty minutes spent on the microchip in the car could have been rewritten into a few lines of dialogue. Dom actually has a nice arc involving his love of family (a theme used briefly in the first film but mostly forgotten until now) that is cut short in favor of a random street race between the four leads. It feels like a waste. It's alright, though. This is what I meant when I said the film was wildly ambitious. They're trying a lot of different things, and not all of them are going to work. I applaud the effort.
Looks like we're coming down to it now. With (presumably) only two films left in the series, it's time to introduce the big villains and set the stage for the main event. All the pieces are in place and we've got lots of disposable income to work with. I'd like to see Dom and Brian develop a relationship outside of begrudging, grunting respect. It's been five films and I'm still not sure what they think of each other. I'd like to see Mia, Gisele, and Letty find real roles in the group (these films have crazy gender issues that I've tried to ignore given the genre), and I'd like to see things get truly insane. Fighter jets powered by Nos, maybe?
*I've decided that Han is my favorite character. I have no idea why. He comes from my least-favorite film in the series and barely says a word or does anything of note, but he just rules so hard. He gets to smirk and eat potato chips while everyone else works and Gal Gadot throws herself at him. Boss.
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О ЖЖПМП
Huda Jawad Speaks at Inspiring Migrant Women Conference, London
Submitted on Пнд, 05/18/2015 - 11:51
Huda Jawad is a WLUML networker based in London, United Kingdom. She recently spoke at the Inspiring Migrant Women Conference in London. Below is the text of her speech, which drew partly upon the reflections she wrote for our 16 Days of Activism in 2013. The text of the speech was originally published on Huda’s website www.hudajawad.org
Text of Migrant Woman Conference Speech 2 May 2015 Huda Jawad ©
I was born in Baghdad and left Iraq at the age of two. I grew up in the United Arab Emirates and Syria before coming to settle as a teenager in London in the late eighties. My parents were political activists during the time of Saddam Hussein and fled Iraq after the death sentence was imposed on them in absentia. We travelled throughout the Middle East and seemed that we were constantly on the move.
My mother has been a shining example of strength and endurance since her childhood. Her great grandfather was a famous religious jurist or Ayatollah, Ayotollah Naini and as a result she was raised in a deeply religious atmosphere. However, Ayatollah Naini was a vehement advocate of constitutionalism and the superiority of reasoning who described freedom of expression as God given. Perhaps that explains in part why she was the first girl in her family to go to university and go on to have a career as a head teacher. Before her, women in her family and social circle were not allowed an education save for home-based Qur’anic and Islamic learning.
Likewise my father grew up in southern Iraq into a family with a heritage for political and religious activism since the 1900s. Both my mother and father fought against the now defunct Baa’thist regime of Saddam Hussain. As a result of this my parents had to continually flee from where they had settled and make a new start in foreign lands, at least four times in their lives. Imagine doing that with two and then three young children who also happen to be girls!
Whilst most of the time it was a life rich of adventure for us girls, largely due to our parents’ ability to shield from the emotional turmoil, there were some very dark moments in an otherwise happy childhood. It wasn’t until I arrived in the UK that I began to notice the impact of being a migrant, a refugee, of being different has had on my life. When I first arrived I identified myself as Iraqi, then Arab, then Muslim, British Muslim and now a woman of the world!
But something strange happened in the early nineties ...society seemed to demand that I choose an identity. Newspapers, TV, political figures and social commentators frequently asked what are you? Are you British? Are you Muslim? Where do your loyalties belong? As if I can only ever be one thing at a time rather than many labels and identities at once. And since September 2001 things changed for me and 2 million other people in the UK. They changed forever…we from now on were and will only be identified as Muslim first and foremost. And that identity is constructed for political reasons rather than anything else.
Muslims have been in the UK since the Middle Ages but significant migration didn’t begin until the mid 1940s and fifties when the British state invited and recruited many Muslims and others from its colonies to come and live and work in its industrial factories after the end of World War Two. Most of the Muslim that live in the UK are from South Indian origin (Pakistan, Bangladesh and India). They make up 70% of the Muslim population and the first generation came from largely rural backgrounds who were semi-skilled workers. The rest of British Muslim community is made up of a variety of cultures, ethnic and linguistic groups such as Arabs, Turks, Persians, Afghans, Kurds, Somali, Black and White converts as well as indigenous Muslim Europeans like the Bosnians and Kosovars. Those that migrated to the UK came for a variety of reasons including war, violence, dictatorship and seeking economic and educational opportunities.
So you can see that there is huge diversity in terms of the experiences and representation of Islam and Muslim in the UK. Now an extra layer of identity and experiences is added by gender. Muslim and ethnic minority women in particular are rooted to their communities and families. Often the ethical and moral compass or measure of a family and the community is placed solely on women and girls. Hence there are certain expectations and traditions that women must adhere to in order to gain the trust, respect and protection of the family and community at large. 'Straying' away from such norms and expectations (by leaving a violent partner for example) often costs a woman her life. A fact that is sadly true regardless of her religion or ethnic background. That is not to say that Muslim and (BME) women do not lead fulfilling, inspirational and very high powered lives as can be seen by the inspirational and diverse number of women in this room, but it is important to highlight that making choices outside of those offered by the community is not something that is valued but rather frowned up on within minority communities, regardless of their religion.
In addition, many women have the added responsibility of looking after and caring for older members of the family which makes dealing with family discord and finding practical solutions to it even harder. It is in this context and under the guise of regulating family life and family relationships, that Muslim women come up against prejudice, discrimination and often injustice both from within their communities but also from mainstream society which has often stereotyped their identity and experience as that of inherently oppressed or inferior. This is known as the double bind effect. The perception of a global war against Islam, a belief that certain devastating interventions in Muslim -majority countries are born out of an ideology that sees Islam as inherently threatening, inferior and barbaric, a harking back of the brutal role religion played in Europe in the Middle Ages and a cynical view of manipulating the resources of a resource-rich region?
Apart from the latter all the former attitudes are often clumped together to define Islamophobia. The rise of Islamophobia and xenophobic attitudes in Europe and the West in the last 10-15 years has been very well documented and the use of women, Muslim women to justify attacks and prejudices attitudes has been a central part of the Islamophobic discourse as exemplified by the moral panics about hijab, niqab, forced marriage, domestic violence etc. Labels like terrorist, immigrant, failed asylum seekers, benefit cheats, criminals, gangs and groomers are all used and associated with Muslims and in fact any migrant ‘other’ to reinforce negative messages about Islam and its people.
This of course has a unique impact on women which as I mentioned earlier is known as the double bind effect. Women in general, migrant women, but Muslim women in this case, are used as political footballs, nay canon balls by all in this debate, whether secularists, Islamists, ideologues or even activists to prove a point or score points and it feels very disempowering from where I am standing and not at all helpful. Hence the question of “where do people like me fit in?” arises. I am a believer in Islam, its message of universal humanity and its values of justice, equality and fairness. I believe in doing good, treating people good and caring or supporting those who are vulnerable. Such values are not unique to Islam in fact they are universal. You don’t need religion to believe and advocate for such values. I however, choose to understand and express these values in the context of the faith of Islam. I do not recognize the Islam of Taliban, Al-Qaeda or ISIS. I also cannot see God or goodness in advocating hatred of difference and sectarianism. And first and foremost I do not believe in an Islam that justifies unthinking and blind acceptance of tradition, ritual or behaviour in its name. But alas that, with very few exceptions, is being perpetuated by the media and certain sectors of society.
When considering all of the above related factors, how can women like me, from within a minority that is perceived to be under constant attack can be supported to put our heads above the parapet and speak about injustices in the name of our religion without being seen as ‘agents’ of the Western conspiracy against my community or more importantly dismissed within our communities as irrelevant or too westernised? How do I improve the state of women in all society, particularly Muslim women, when I am restricted by my ‘own’ community and stereotyped by mainstream society? What if I am from ‘the West’? There comes a point when for those of us that arrived in the UK as migrants invest so much in society that we make the transition from migrant to British woman…where we value our hybrid and multiple identity. I worked hard to be comfortable with and nourished my ‘Arabness’, ‘Britishness’ and ‘Muslimness’. I draw power from the different aspects of my experience. I have a lot to offer and have offered to British society. My migrant journey is a powerful tool that I drawn on constantly and it should be celebrated rather than ridiculed or discriminated against.
This of course has a unique impact on women which as I mentioned earlier is known as the double bind effect. Women in general, migrant women, but Muslim women in this case, are used as political footballs, nay cannon balls by all in this debate, whether secularists, Islamists, ideologues or even activists to prove a point or score points and it feels very disempowering from where I am standing and not at all helpful. Hence the question of “where do people like me fit in?” arises. I am a believer in Islam, its message of universal humanity and its values of justice, equality and fairness. I believe in doing good, treating people good and caring or supporting those who are vulnerable. Such values are not unique to Islam in fact they are universal. You don’t need religion to believe and advocate for such values. I however, choose to understand and express these values in the context of the faith of Islam. I do not recognize the Islam of Taliban, Al-Qaeda or ISIS. I also cannot see God or goodness in advocating hatred of difference and sectarianism. And first and foremost I do not believe in an Islam that justifies unthinking and blind acceptance of tradition, ritual or behaviour in its name. But alas that, with very few exceptions, is being perpetuated by the media and certain sectors of society.
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In Iraqi Swing City, Hope vs. Defiance
By Steve Fainaru and Anthony Shadid
Washington Post Foreign Service
BALAD, Iraq, Oct. 13 -- In a dusty room of Qadriya Elementary School, Lt. Col. Jody L. Petery delivered his message: Sunni Arabs should cast their votes Saturday in a referendum on Iraq's proposed constitution. His skeptical audience had other concerns.
The principal whose school would serve as a polling station accused Petery's forces of detaining innocent civilians. A 13-year-old girl, dressed in a denim skirt, asked why there was no electricity or water in her town. The questions and criticisms multiplied: lawlessness, too few schools, unpaved roads and, in particular, the unrelenting violence that has come to order people's lives.
As Petery was pelted with complaints, his heavily armed men chatted outside in the sunbaked courtyard. Then, out of nowhere, a palm-size rock sailed through the air and struck a battalion sergeant major in the shoulder.
Unfazed by the commotion that ensued, Petery stayed on message: "Have faith," he told the Iraqis.
In the heart of the Sunni triangle, Saturday's vote has laid bare two distinct visions of Iraq. For Iraq's minority Sunni Arabs, the referendum has brought forth the grievances that have fueled their two-year insurgency: their political disenfranchisement and the humiliation of being forced to live under U.S. military occupation. For the Americans who patrol the streets, facing daily bombings and small-arms attacks, the referendum embodies their best hope to stem that insurgency and ultimately withdraw from Iraq.
Many Sunnis here said they would turn out to reject the charter as a way of registering their anger at the American military presence; they vowed that the insurgency would go on, whatever the result. Meanwhile, the task of the Americans is dauntingly complex -- to transfer authority to the Iraqis even as they coordinate an election and continue to fight a war.
"The fight will continue against the Americans, whether we vote yes or no," said Ahmed Mishhin, a 26-year-old physician from Ishaqi, a restive Sunni Arab town near Balad. His colleague, Sami Hassoun Ali, interrupted. "The constitution will only be ink on paper," he said.
Said Petery: "Specifically to the Sunnis, the message has been that there have been Sunni leaders who have forsaken the peaceful process and you see where it's gotten you. We're telling them, 'Come out now and peacefully let your voice be heard on the constitution. But if you get back to just trying to blow things up, you're gonna get left behind.' "
A Crucial State
On the banks of the Tigris River 50 miles north of Baghdad, Balad embodies the currents shaping the referendum. With a population of 80,000 spread across the city and its verdant countryside -- predominantly Shiite in the center and overwhelmingly Sunni outside -- it is one of the largest cities in Salahuddin province, one of the swing states in a region that will decide the constitution's fate. Sunni Arabs, fearing that the constitution will hasten Iraq's partition, need a two-thirds vote in three provinces to defeat the document, drafted largely by Shiite Arabs and Kurds with American oversight. If the constitution can win in Salahuddin, it is virtually assured of approval.
This week, the trappings of the referendum emerged across the region. Posters popped up on walls, calling voting a religious duty. Checkpoints proliferated, snarling traffic. The campaign has already left deep scars in Balad: On Sept. 29, three nearly simultaneous car bombings killed 105 people in an attack the U.S. military believes was aimed at suppressing the Shiite vote. In the Sunni countryside, bombings damaged three polling sites days before the vote. There were no casualties, however, and Iraqis and Americans predict a large turnout.
Despite U.S. efforts to put an Iraqi face on the campaign, the referendum here is fundamentally an American military operation. More than three dozen polling stations in Balad and nearby towns are secured by two-story concrete barriers, built at a nearby U.S. base at a cost of $800,000 and painstakingly installed by American troops. The 5th Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, the unit responsible for security in the area, has mapped out Operation Warpaint Delaware in hour-by-hour detail. The Americans are supervising all aspects of security but taking great pains to stay behind the scenes; Iraqi forces will guard the polling stations and transport the ballots, under the protection of U.S. troops.
At a planning meeting this week, Petery cautioned his men: "If there is a picture taken of our soldiers near a ballot, we're in failure criteria. The big conspiracy theory is that this is a U.S.-run election, so don't feed that theory."
But in the eyes of many Balad Sunnis, the dominance of the Americans in the process is unquestionable. "The Americans want the constitution approved," said Sinan Abdel-Wahid, a 35-year-old physician from Thuluyah. "If they want it to pass, regardless of what we do, they will pass it."
Divisions have emerged within the Sunni community over whether to endorse the constitution, with one Sunni party breaking ranks this week and calling for a 'yes' vote following a last-minute agreement between factional leaders in Baghdad. But in many respects, the constitution may be a sideshow to a greater drama. Unresolved are the community's long-standing grievances, the occupation at their center; in some ways, Sunni residents predict, their alienation may deepen regardless of the constitution's fate.
In the nationwide parliamentary election in January, Sunnis largely boycotted the vote, leaving them with scant representation in the National Assembly. A far greater turnout is predicted Saturday. But to many, their vote may be as much a rejection of the American-backed political process as an endorsement. "The Americans want to say we're making a democratic country, a new government, a constitution. They want to say this to their people. They want to showcase their success," said Ali, the doctor.
"The Americans are stuck in the middle of the mud, and they're trying to keep their face clean," added Abdel-Wahid.
Sense of Futility
Unlike in January, when insurgent threats and the boycott kept most Sunnis from the polls, Saturday's vote is being conducted in a somewhat more hospitable climate in Sunni villages, despite the recent bombings. Residents in Aziz al-Balad and Thuluyah said only a handful of threats against voters were posted at mosques, and most were ripped down the next day. In both places, residents said the overwhelming majority planned to cast ballots. But many spoke of futility in the vote itself, saying the election would only underscore their weakness.
"I'm going to be very sad on the day of the referendum," said Awad Mudhir, a 35-year-old resident of Thuluyah. "I will consider it the first day of Iraq's partition." He shook his head. "My sense is that there's no hope after that."
The objection most often voiced by Sunnis is that the constitution's promise of federalism will split Iraq into a Kurdish north, a Shiite south and a center populated by Sunnis and bereft of the country's oil. Others bemoan their lack of political clout and speak darkly of a government dominated by the Americans and led by politicians beholden to neighboring Iran.
"There's no stability. The government has no sovereignty," said Mohammed Ahmed, a 38-year-old accountant at Balad General Hospital, who sat with friends this week. "Only the Humvees and the tanks control the situation."
"A government minister can't do anything," said his colleague, Ahmed Marai, 35. "Even an American sergeant could kick him in the rear, and he couldn't do anything."
The men thumbed their worry beads, forgoing tea as they adhered to the dawn-to-dusk fast of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. "What kind of sovereignty is it that dogs sniff our bags when we pass through checkpoints?" Ahmed asked.
Why would they still vote? they were asked.
"So that history can witness that we said no," Marai answered.
Anger at Americans
One morning this week, a company of American troops arrived in Ishaqi, a garbage-strewn Sunni Arab town near Balad where U.S. forces routinely come under attack. The aim of the operation was to sweep Ishaqi of insurgents ahead of Saturday's vote, which was to be held in a downtown school.
Iraqis were to take the lead, but the Americans arrived unannounced out of concern, U.S. commanders said, that insurgents had infiltrated army and police units. Once the operation began, the town was sealed off; no one was allowed in or out until the Iraqi soldiers, instructed by the Americans, had searched every block, a process that took about three hours. Residents trying to exit Ishaqi were stopped by U.S. soldiers holding M-16 assault rifles. Also blocking their path was a Bradley Fighting Vehicle, its heavy machine gun pointed at the city.
Capt. Jake Dalton, 28, a good-natured West Point graduate from Topeka, Kan., ordered the Iraqi forces to search a wide sandstone house. Knocking on the steel gate, American and Iraqi troops swept into a courtyard where two small girls were playing. One burst into tears and cowered, terrified, behind a tree. The Americans instructed the Iraqi soldiers to gather the rest of the family, all women and children, in one downstairs room while searching the rest of the house.
"They usually respond much better to Iraqi forces coming in," Dalton said.
His uniform drenched with sweat beneath his bulletproof vest, Dalton moved farther down the street, cheerfully greeting children and shopkeepers who stood by tentatively in the blistering heat. "How's it going there, partner?" he said to a boy holding a toy cell phone. He asked some of the Iraqi men whether they planned to vote and where.
"Al-Amil will be good to vote," Dalton assured one man who said he planned to cast his ballot at a polling site near Ishaqi that had been bombed the night before.
"There are people who see the Americans saying go vote, and they'll refuse to vote just for that reason," Mishhin, the doctor from Ishaqi, said the next day. "One-third of the people will refuse to vote simply because the Americans told them to."
The face of the American occupation is most aggressive in Sunni Arab towns and cities like Ishaqi, where insurgents blend seamlessly into the sympathetic populace and raids, arrests and clashes are commonplace. Two years on, the resentments have gained their own momentum, deepening a divide that seems unbridgeable, regardless of intentions. For Sunnis, the fight here is often cast in existential terms: Whatever their pledges, the Americans are determined to deprive the Sunnis of their wealth, power and dignity.
"Here, they only hate the Americans," said Latif Feisal Jannabi, 28, a tribal leader with a degree in English. "Really, when I see them, I get angry. They killed my relatives, arrested my friends, and they destroyed our ambitions. Iraq is the best in the entire world -- in my eyes, at least -- and the Americans have destroyed everything."
Last week, Jannabi's cousin, 22-year-old Ahmed Samarrai, was arrested in his village of Aziz al-Balad and, Jannabi believes, sent to Tikrit. Since 2003, U.S. forces have detained, then released, six of his eight brothers, he said. Jannabi estimated that more than 300 of the village's 3,000 residents have spent at least some time in jail.
"We'll continue to live with our problems: kill or be killed," he said.
U.S. commanders said they consider the village to be a locus of insurgent activity in the Balad area.
Jannabi said he still planned to vote, depending on the instructions of his tribe, clerics and Sunni political leaders. He predicted that turnout in the region would dwarf the paltry results in the January parliamentary elections. "Everyone will vote -- even the women," he said. Although he acknowledged the confusion in the community, he suggested that most would still reject the document.
A Civics Lesson
The Americans are warning Sunnis that if they refuse to participate in the referendum, they will be left further behind in a country now dominated by Shiite religious parties and the two main Kurdish political movements. As he inspected polling sites this week with a quiet Iraqi election official, Petery, 41, a 6-foot-2 former third baseman at West Point, carried that message into Jannabi's village, Aziz al-Balad.
The polling station was located at the Qadriya school, its classrooms filled with girls clad in blue-and-white uniforms, its entrance protected by newly installed canvas receptacles filled with sand. Low-slung concrete barriers designed to prevent car bomb attacks blocked the dirt road leading to the school.
Petery seemed to relish the exchange with teachers, who used the unexpected visit to pepper him with complaints.
The principal, Hamid Habib Mahmoud, asked him how many houses the Americans would provide with potable water.
"I don't provide the water to the people," responded Petery, his M-16 slung over his body armor. "I do the projects that the city government asks me to do. We just provide the money."
A second-grade teacher, Rahim Hassan, asked why more roads had not been paved, why electricity was often unavailable.
"How much do you think those things cost?" Petery said through an interpreter as wide-eyed students watched. "Don't be angry. Talk to your government about what is most important to you."
As Petery said goodbye to the students, he quipped: "Well, they just got their civics lesson for today."
In the courtyard, Petery told the teachers that he sympathized with their concern that the constitution could lead to Iraq's division. But, he said, "the question is what is the best way to go about getting the constitution you want."
"There are three ways you can try to get the constitution you want," Petery continued. "You can use violence, and I think we all agree that that's the wrong way to do it. You can vote no and start the process all over again. Or you can vote yes and say, 'It's not exactly what we want, but it's close.' If you vote yes now, you can then get your people elected and they can help you get the constitution you want. You can change anything in the constitution. It's called an amendment."
"Make your voice heard by votes, not IEDs," Petery said finally, using the military shorthand for improvised explosive devices, or roadside bombs.
View all comments that have been posted about this article.
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washingtonpost.com > Opinions
Atypical Evangelical
By Ruth Marcus
The presidential candidate was talking about the threat of outsourcing and the immorality of corporate chief executives getting huge bonuses while workers' pension plans go bust.
"When CEOs are making 500 times the average wage of their worker, how can you justify that?" he asked. "I think a president ought to call out companies . . . in which the CEO leads his company into bankruptcy . . . and gets a $100 million bonus while the workers down below end up losing their jobs and have worked 20 and 30 years for pensions and they're gone. . . . That's immoral. . . . And that's not free enterprise; that's theft."
Standard presidential primary fare, perhaps, except that the candidate speaking was a Republican, and a conservative Christian one at that: former Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee. A long shot for his party's nomination, certainly, yet Huckabee, a Baptist minister, is not the cartoon Christian conservative of popular imagining.
He's got, as he put it, "the purity of credentials," but Huckabee's menu of social conservatism offers more choices than implacable opposition to abortion and gay rights.
"Being a conservative is also about having a much broader agenda than the very narrowly focused one that sometimes conservatives are either accused of or -- frankly -- can be guilty of," Huckabee said last week at a luncheon hosted by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life.
Huckabee, 51, has the air of the nice neighbor who wanders by to discuss your crabgrass problem. "I'm a conservative," he said, "but I'm not mad at anybody about it."
I am not now and never will be a Huckabee voter. There may not be a single major issue on which we agree, from stem cell research to Guantanamo detainees, from tax policy to immigration reform. This is, after all, a man who believes schools should teach creationism (alongside evolution) but not contraception. He has spoken of the need to "take this nation back for Christ" -- though he says, "I'd probably phrase it a little differently today."
But listening to Huckabee, I was struck by his interest in the bread-and-butter issues getting short shrift, especially from Republican candidates, in an Iraq-dominated campaign.
Not that you could tell from debates, when Huckabee tends to get so many God questions that, as he notes, you'd think he was running for Senate chaplain, not president.
"I'm happy to give my answer . . . but I'm thinking, you know, tonight, all over America, there were families sitting down to dinner, and I doubt that any of them . . . said, 'I wonder what the next president will think about evolution,' " said Huckabee.
"Here is what I think they talked about: How are we going to afford gasoline at $3-plus a gallon? What is going to happen if our kid breaks his arm in the playground at school? Can we pay for the doctor bills and also pay the rent at the first of the month? Will we be able to save enough money for our kids to go to college, and if they do, are we going to be so in debt that it will take every dime of our life savings to get them a higher education? Families are wondering, if Dad loses his job this Friday and gets the pink slip, and his job goes to China, and he is 50-plus years old, where is he going to go to work?"
This sounds more like John Edwards's Two Americas than like any of the Republican front-runners.
Huckabee traces his pragmatic conservatism to his 10 1/2 years as governor -- a job in which "you can't afford the luxury of being an ideologue." One of his signature accomplishments was ARKids First, a program -- passed before the similar Clinton administration initiative -- to provide health insurance for low-income children not eligible for Medicaid.
None of this will matter if Huckabee can't scrape up enough money to keep his campaign afloat. His first-quarter take was a pitiful $544,879. He's at 5 percent in the latest New Hampshire poll -- and that was up from the pre-debate 1 percent.
After the lunch, I happened to see one of Huckabee's fellow former governors and marathon running buddy, Iowa Democrat Tom Vilsack.
"I've always thought he was the dark horse in the race," said Vilsack, who dropped out of the campaign for lack of funds. If Huckabee can avoid that fate, Vilsack said, "I think there is room for Mike Huckabee" in Iowa, where evangelicals "are pretty serious caucus-goers."
President Huckabee would not be my choice. But a Republican field with candidate Huckabee in it is a more interesting place -- if, that is, anyone pays attention to something besides whether he thinks humans descended from apes.
Subscribe to the podcast of this column athttp://www.washingtonpost.com/podcast. The writer's e-mail address ismarcusr@washpost.com.
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North Charleston, SC Real Estate
As the third-largest city in South Carolina, North Charleston has grown from what was once known as a military community to a thriving metropolis with a performing arts center, a 14,000-seat coliseum, popular museums and abundant shopping. North Charleston, with a population of 80,000 covering more than 76 square miles, attracts many new residents due to a revitalization plan that rivals any in the United States.
Incorporated in 1972, the city of North Charleston was mostly plantations from the 1600s until the Civil War. It was just seven square miles with a population of 21,000. From the War to the early 20th Century, this area north of the historic city of Charleston was filled with phosphate fertilizer plants and strip mining. The United States Navy Shipyard was established in 1901, followed by the world’s largest asbestos mill built by the General Asbestos and Rubber Company.
In 1912, the Park Circle development was designed with areas designated for industrial, commercial and residential usage. An original concept, Park Circle was one of two English Garden-style city model communities in the country. Many of North Charleston’s streets are still named after some of the Charleston businessmen who formed the development.
When the area’s residents became disheartened with the North Area’s development throughout World War II to the 1960s, the South Carolina Supreme Court declared North Charleston its own city. John E. Bourne Jr. was the first mayor.
North Charleston has seen tremendous growth rate. Its communities include:
• Russelldale
• Ferndale
• Morningside
• Liberty Park
• Palmetto Heights
• Singing Pines
• Dewey Hill
• Old North Charleston Area
• Liberty Homes
• John C. Calhoun Homes
Charleston Naval Base Closure
In the 1990s, talk of the closure of the Charleston Navy Base began. On April 1, 1996, the shipyard closed. It was a blow to the local economy, with many military and civilian jobs dependant upon the base. Today much of the base has been leased to government and private businesses, and community parks have been established on the old grounds.
The Greater Charleston Naval Base Memorial was established. Also in the area is the Hunley Museum, honoring the world’s first submarine to sink a vessel in 1864; the American LaFrance Fire Museum with a collection of 18 antique firefighting vehicles; Tanger Outlet with more than 90 brand-name manufacturers and outlet stores; and the North Charleston Coliseum and Performing Arts Center, a multipurpose arena for concerts, meetings sporting events, including the ECHL SC Stingrays hockey team.
Revitalizing North Charleston
In 2001, the city of North Charleston and the Noisette Company announced a joint partnership to revitalize a 3,000-acre area which includes 340 acres on the Old Charleston Naval Base. The Noisette Project includes residential, industrial, commercial and recreational areas in a sustainable community.
North Charleston offers an average home price of $170,000, making the areas of North Charleston, Goose Creek and Hanahan area desirable and affordable. Newsweek magazine recently named a North Charleston high school, Academic Magnet High School, as the seventh-best public high school in the United States.
Are you considering North Charleston real estate? Learn more about new homes in Charleston, SC today.
North Charleston Market Update
Choose a Video: Charleston-Summerville-Ladson Area North Charleston Area Inside 526 North Charleston-Summerville Outside 526
6013 Mansfield Boulevard North Charleston, SC 29418
New ListingAdded Jul 9
4930 Lambs Road North Charleston, SC 29418
4210 Sweet Gum Crossing North Charleston, SC 29420
4270 Club Course Drive North Charleston, SC 29420
4204 Magnolia Court North Charleston, SC 29420
8537 Refuge Point Circle North Charleston, SC 29420
8619 Woodland Walk North Charleston, SC 29420
1075 Buist Avenue North Charleston, SC 29405
Open Jul 20 Jul 20, 11:00 AM
5071 N Rhett Avenue North Charleston, SC 29405
8312 Dye Makers Ridge North Charleston, SC 29418
5413 Clairmont Lane North Charleston, SC 29420
5331 Natures Color Lane North Charleston, SC 29418
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QUIT MONEY DAY: APRIL 18
"April 17 is Tax Filing Day, when we look back on a year of hours worked, salaries earned, and dollars spent. Never do we feel more entwined in the money system and its tentacle institutions of banks and government. Let's imagine greater independence from that system, and for one entire day, on April 18, neither spend, borrow, nor lend a single cent. Once you JOIN this event, invite all your friends!" --Mark Sundeen
You can also join Quit Money Day on Facebook and invite your friends.
We plan to celebrate this day with a big event for the book in Mark's home town of Missoula, Montanna (see the events itinerary to also see other places I hope to be in the next months).
Is Quitting Money for One Day Radical?
Yeah, many people think it's radical quitting money for one single day. But consider the ancient tradition of our own culture: the Sabbath Day. The Sabbath was Quit Money Day every single week, 52 weeks a year, plus holidays, which were also Quit Money Days! Not only that, there were Sabbath years, every seventh year.
Other cultures of the ancient world, some long before Judaism, practiced a Sabbath, as well as periodic times of forgiveness, like Jubilee, where all debts were forgiven. The famous Rosetta Stone, in fact, is Ptolemy's anouncement of a kind of Jubillee, forgiving debt across Egypt.
But, if you're interested, let's focus on our own cultural tradition.
I'm Not Here to Proselytize Religion
I'm not here to proselytize, to get non-religious people to follow any religion. I'd say, in fact, that most non-religious people I know are better at practicing the ethics of religion than most the religious ones! The non-religious world is, in fact, getting quite sick of bickering, self-righteousness, and violence among the three Abrahamic religions, the Abrahamic pot calling the Abrahamic kettle black!
But I'm also not on a secular agenda to bash people's faith, to convert religious to non-religious. The point is to find and cultivate what is already good in every culture, every religion, every person. This is not dreamy, wishful thinking. In fact, we are deluded in wishful thinking when we deny the good we see in everybody, for the sake of promoting our own agendas! It's not that we can't see good in every human, it's that we refuse to see good in every human.
Thus I dig for splendid diamonds in the rough in Abrahamic religions, in every religion, and I love digging for them. Yeah, it gives me pleasure.
Bottom line, all I care about is what motivates people to act in truth and love, whether religious or not religious.
In short, because I grew up in Judeo-Christian culture, my mission is to encourage Christians and Jews to practice the principles of truth in our own religion, not just talk about them. We must bring to light the gems already present, yet buried, right here in our own culture!
So if you're interested in religion, read on. If not, I'd be happy if you stopped here.
The Sabbath:
Center Candlestick,
Eternal Present,
Creation Now
Amidst 6 Days of Duality
The Sabbath is Quit Money Day, Every Week!
The Sabbath Day, according to the Torah, is Quit Money Day, every seventh day, 52 weeks a year. The Sabbath is not necessarily about giving up work, but giving up work for money, giving up business, with zero money exchange [the Hebrew word for work in the 10 commandments is מְלָאכָה (mĕla'kah) meaning "business" as well as "possessions"). It is the day when domestic animals and agricultural land must rest. And one of its very purposes is to let land rest to allow animals and poor people to take take freely of its produce! (Exodus 23:10-12).
This is an idea lost on Christians today, as it was lost on Pharisees in Jesus' time. Religious people turned the Sabbath into a meaningless regulation, either that or ignore it. When Jesus' disciples, who had no money or possessions, were gleaning food from fields, the Pharisees condemned them for "working" on the Sabbath, when the very purpose of the Sabbath was to let animals and poor people (who didn't recognize laws and sabbaths) to take freely! "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath," Jesus replied to his accusers.
The message Jesus and the apostles were proclaiming was was not necessarily to do away with the Sabbath, but to make every day Sabbath, forgiving all debts, giving up possessions, freely giving and freely receiving! And if you couldn't do this, then at least do it one day a week! The traditional six days of work represented law and money, and the seventh day was Grace. The one-day-per week Sabbath was a taste of Grace for those who weren't yet ready to give up money and possessions!
"If you do not fast from the world, you will not find the kingdom. If you do not observe the week as a sabbath you will not see the Father." (--Jesus, The Gospel of Thomas 27)
This is a concept also found in the Old Testament Psalms and the New Testament book of Hebrews, that the Sabbath is the Eternal Today we must enter into Now. The very theme of the Apocalypse in the New Testament is, in fact, entering into this Rest with Jubilee trumpets, this Eternal Today, which is the End of Time, the Place of Truth where there is no money, no possession, and complete Forgiveness. The very word apocalyse literally means uncovering what already is here and now! It's not a future day in prophecy (which makes us shirk responsibility), it is Now! "Now is the accepted Time, Now is the Day of Salvation."
Not keeping the Sabbath was a grave transgression, according to the Jewish prophets, not because it was breaking an arbitrary rule of a volatile sky god in with irrational anger issues, but because of common sense: not letting living things rest from commerce was damaging both to the land and to the poor (Nehemiah 10:31 and 13:15-22, Amos 8:4-8, Isaiah 56:2-6 and 58:13, Jeremiah 17:27) .
Blowing the Shofar,
heralding in Jubilee
There were also Sabbath years, every seven and 49 years, called Jubilee, for letting the land rest, for the sake of plants, animals and the poor, and for forgiving all debts.
The Sabbath was instituted for people who had to live under money (under law) to at least set aside one day per week, and one year every seven years, to get a taste of Grace, to get a glimpse of what life is like before the fall from Grace (Gratis), what life is like before money. Notice I say what life is like, not what life was like. We must get out of the delusion that a better life was in the past (past Eden) or a better life will be in the future (future rapture).
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More info on Harmony, California
Harmony, California: Wikis
Categories: San Luis Obispo County, California > Unincorporated communities in California
Townsign for Harmony, California on SR 1
Harmony (pop. 24) is an unincorporated town located in San Luis Obispo County, California. It lies north of Cayucos and south of Cambria on SR 1, near the junction with SR 46. The ZIP Code is 93435. The community is inside area code 805.
The town of Harmony began as a dairy settlement in the late 1800s started by Swiss immigrants living near the Italian border--the same background as many of San Luis Obispo County's founders, including the Madonna Family, owners of the Madonna Inn located in San Luis Obispo, CA.
Harmony was founded in 1869 around several dairy ranches and a creamery. The operation changed hands repeatedly because of rivalries that led to a killing. In 1907, owners and ranchers agreed to call off their feud and called the town by its present name as a symbol of their truce.
The Harmony Valley Dairy Co-op was founded in 1901, and the town grew, soon hosting a dairy management office, dormitories for employees, a livery stable, blacksmith and later a gas station. Shortly, a school was built and a feed store and post office gave Harmony official status as a community. At its peak, the creamery employed 10 workers, producing high quality dairy products, including butter and cheese that gave Harmony name recognition statewide. The creamery purified butter by cooking it in the traditional Swiss way, clarifying and giving it a golden color; old-world dairymen claimed butter produced by this method never turned rancid. Tourists traveling Hwy 1 often stopped for fresh buttermilk and a famed publisher William Randolph Hearst stopped often in Harmony on his way to his opulent home in San Simeon, 12 miles northwest, as did many of the Hollywood celebrities who were frequent guests of Hearst.
Increased grazing land fees and dairy industry consolidation led to the closure of Harmony's creamery around 1955. The town, which still has a part time post office, lost population until the 1970s when it was rediscovered by California's young counter-culture population, many of whom were looking for a rural lifestyle where they could practice traditional crafts away from the pressures and technology of urban life. Many of the town's historic landmarks, including the main creamery, were restored and reopened as restaurants and shops.
In 1979 Harmony was featured by KABC in Los Angeles with a live broadcast of the Ken and Bob Company radio show. Ken Minyard and Bob Arthur were the hosts and featured singing artist Jehry Miller singing his hit song "Harmonizing in Harmony Population 18". Jehry Miller along with producer Stephen G. Scott of Los Angeles also wrote the Ken and Bob Company theme song. "Harmonizing in Harmony Population 18" continues to be popular to this day.
Since the 1970s Harmony has ridden cycles of prosperity and neglect, but has had upscale restaurants, crafts, ceramics and art. More recently, Harmony became a town in name only; a single restaurant remained, but went through several owners before closing in the late 1990s. A small cadre of artisans keep Harmony alive, with retail shops selling art objects, locally hand blown glass and pottery, but the town faces an uncertain future. Recently Harmony was put up for sale. Helping keep the town alive is Harmony Cellars, a boutique winery and tasting room about 1/4 mile south. The winery opened in 1989 and in 2006 produced about 6,000 cases of Central Coast varietals like Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon.
The new State Park acquisition, Harmony Headlands, contains the native Indian thistle (Circium brevistylum), which looks similar to the invasive bull thistle (Circium vulgare). Conyza canadensis is another native that looks similar to a weed in the same genus.
The town of Harmony, California, November 2007
Harmony consists of one street off of SR 1. To one side is a long abandoned house, a large dumpster, and a former art gallery, with some portable toilets. In front of the house is the "treecar" - an old grey Nissan Z with a tree collapsed upon it. On the other side of the street is a "U" shaped building, with the open area being a small, unfurnished plaza. On the far side of the structure is the Harmony Pottery Shop. On the near side is the post office. In the elongated center of the building is storage for the pottery shop.
There was a restaurant, but it closed in 1997. It was little more than a cafe in its food selection and atmosphere. The Harmony Pottery Shop sells pottery, T-shirts, and soft drinks. The post office was in operation until April 11th 2008. The U.S. Postal Service has scheduled a public discussion on the closure of the historic Post Office.
Harmony Map
Central Coast Tourist Page
History of Harmony (partial)
Harmony, California is at coordinates 35°30′31″N 121°01′22″W / 35.5085836°N 121.0226879°W / 35.5085836; -121.0226879 (Harmony, California)Coordinates: 35°30′31″N 121°01′22″W / 35.5085836°N 121.0226879°W / 35.5085836; -121.0226879 (Harmony, California)
San Luis Obispo County, California
County seat: San Luis Obispo
Arroyo Grande | Atascadero | Grover Beach | Morro Bay | Paso Robles | Pismo Beach | San Luis Obispo
Baywood-Los Osos | Cambria | Cayucos | Lake Nacimiento | Nipomo | Oceano | San Miguel | Shandon | Templeton
Adelaida | Asuncion | Avila Beach | Bee Rock | Bern | Bromela | California Valley | Callender | Cambria Pines | Cholame | Chorro | Halcyon | Harmony | Huasna | Los Osos | Pozo | San Simeon | Santa Margarita
Categories: San Luis Obispo County, California | Unincorporated communities in California
Hidden categories: Articles lacking sources from May 2009 | All articles lacking sources | Geolinks maintenance
Harmony Map - Map of Harmony, CA by MapQuest
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The Info List - Third Division North
The Third Division North of the Football League was a tier in the English football league system
English football league system from 1921 to 1958. It ran in parallel with the Third Division South with clubs elected to the League or relegated from a higher division allocated to one or the other according to geographical position. Some clubs in the English Midlands shuttled between the Third Division North and the Third Division South according to the composition of the two leagues in any one season. The Third Division South had been formed in the 1920-21 season (as simply the Third Division) with 22 teams drawn mostly from the Southern League. It was decided that this gave the Football League as a whole too much of a southern bias, so the Third Division North was created in 1921-22 to redress the balance.[citation needed] Stockport County had finished bottom of the Second Division at the end of the 1920-21 season, and they were relegated into this new division, where they joined Grimsby Town who had spent a season in the Third Division after relegation from the Second Division in 1919-20. As there was no Northern equivalent of the Southern League, the remaining 18 teams came from several regional leagues: the Midland League, the Central League, the North Eastern League, the Lancashire Combination and the Birmingham Combination. The original 20 teams were: Stockport County, Darlington, Grimsby Town, Hartlepools, Accrington Stanley, Crewe Alexandra, Stalybridge Celtic, Walsall, Southport, Ashington, Durham City, Wrexham, Chesterfield, Lincoln City, Barrow, Nelson, Wigan Borough, Tranmere Rovers, Halifax Town and Rochdale. The division was extended by a further two teams in 1923 to take the total to 22, and for the 1950-51 season the division was expanded to 24 clubs, with Scunthorpe United and Shrewsbury Town joining. Only one promotion place was available each season from the Third Division North to the Second Division, which made it very difficult to win promotion. Eight teams, Accrington Stanley, Barrow, Crewe Alexandra, Halifax Town, Hartlepool United, Rochdale, Southport and Wrexham, were ever-present in the division for the 30 years of its existence. Of the teams that played in Third Division North, Wolverhampton Wanderers and Derby County were later English football champions. Its final season was 1957–58, after which the North and South sections were merged to form a single Third Division and the Fourth Division. The top 12 clubs in Division Three North, except for the Champions Scunthorpe United, went into the new Third Division, and the bottom 12 clubs went into the Fourth Division.
1 Tournaments between Third Division North and South 2 Past champions 3 See also 4 References
Tournaments between Third Division North and South[edit] From 1934 to the war's outbreak there was a short-lived knockout competition Football League Third Division North Cup. From the 1954-55 season until the 1957-58 season, there was a series of games between teams representing the Third Division North and the Third Division South. Past champions[edit] Main article: List of winners of English Football League One and predecessors
Season Champions
1921–22 Stockport County
1922–23 Nelson
1923–24 Wolverhampton Wanderers
1924–25 Darlington
1925–26 Grimsby Town
1926–27 Stoke City
1927–28 Bradford Park Avenue
1928–29 Bradford City
1929–30 Port Vale
1930–31 Chesterfield
1931–32 Lincoln City
1932–33 Hull City
1933–34 Barnsley
1934–35 Doncaster Rovers
1937–38 Tranmere Rovers
1939–40 League abandoned due to World War II
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El Salvador Sees Lingering Civil-Military Divide
In recent weeks, Salvadoran news site El Faro has had some interesting coverage of the tense relationship between President Mauricio Funes and the leadership of the country’s armed forces. More than twenty years after its end, the civil war continues to shape El Salvador’s political climate, with the country’s first leftist government unable to exert full control over the military.
In January 2012, President Funes ordered the army to cease honoring members of the armed forces who have been accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity. This move, he insisted, was necessary in order for the country to recognize the atrocities committed during its armed conflict. In a symbolic gesture Funes gave the speech at El Mozote, site of a brutal 1981 massacre that left some 1,000 people dead.
Rather than following the instructions of the president -- the commander-in-chief, according to the constitution -- the army created a special committee to “analyze and interpret” the order. Nearly two years later, it has not reached a conclusion, and the military continues to celebrate the legacies of controversial figures like Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Monterrosa and Major Jose Armando Azmitia Melara, who commanded the troops responsible for the El Mozote killings.
Just last month, the army had a ceremony in the town of Joateca, located just twenty minutes from El Mozote, bringing together some 200 troops to commemorate a battle in which Monterroza and Azmitia are remembered as heroes. One of the units involved, the Third Brigade of San Miguel, is even known as the “Domingo Monterrosa Brigade.”
On top of their resistance to Funes’ order, the armed forces have put pressure on the administration to increase military spending, as El Faro noted in a recent editorial.
The irony of this is that Funes is one of the most military-friendly presidents in El Salvador’s post-war history. In addition to appointing military figures like General David Munguia Payes to top cabinet posts, he has approved budgets allotting record amounts to the army, and its ranks have grown by some 60 percent under his administration. If, in spite of this, the Salvadoran armed forces feel entitled to push back against the president’s orders, it may be worth asking whether they represent a threat to the health of democracy in the Central American country.
Lawmakers of Nicaragua’s ruling Sandinista party have submitted a reform package which could pave the way for President Daniel Ortega’s indefinite reelection. The AFP reports that the legislation would cement a Supreme Court decision which ruled that term limits violate an individual’s right to political participation, and allowed Ortega to run for reelection in 2011. According to Confidencial, a special legislative committee will begin assessing the bill today, and the ruling party is hoping to pass it before the end of the year.
The Argentine government has announced the discovery of some 1,500 secret files kept by the 1976-1983 military junta. Telam reports that Defense Minister Agustin Rossi told reporters the files contained secret transcripts of junta meetings from March 24, 1976 to December 10, 1983, kept in chronological order and organized by subject, which would be released to the public soon.
On Monday, Folha de São Paulo published a report alleging that Brazil’s intelligence agency spied on foreign diplomats in the country, tracking their movements and keeping tabs on their meetings with political and business figures in Brazil. The report implied some hypocrisy in Brazil’s indignant response to revelations that the U.S. National Security Agency spied on personal and official communications of government officials, but the New York Times’ Simon Romero points out that Brazil’s actions stand “in sharp contrast” to the NSA’s eavesdropping operations.
The Colombian government and FARC rebels have decided to extend the latest round of talks by yet another day, the AFP reports. Expectations are mounting that the two will announce an agreement on the current agenda item, democratic political participation, soon.
Semana has obtained some interesting details about the recent Colombian Constitutional Court ruling which overturned a law seeking to expand the military’s internal jurisdiction over crimes committed by its personnel. According to the magazine, the court’s debate over the decision was extremely heated, with justices accusing each other of having vested interests in the issue.
A visit to Haiti by U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan was disrupted yesterday by protesting students in the capital city of Port-au-Prince, who burned tires and clashed with police outside the presidential offices. The Washington Post’s Answer Sheet blog questions the merits of Duncan’s Haiti visit, arguing: “It’s hard to see how [the U.S. education reformer’s push for standardized testing] is going to do much good in Haiti — but, then again, it hasn’t been successful in the United States either.”
Venezuelan Foreign Minister Elias Jaua, speaking to reporters in Mexico City on an official visit, confirmed that efforts to improve diplomatic relations with the United States have frozen, and will remain so as long as the U.S. continues “interventionist activities.” Meanwhile, in another development sure to complicate U.S.-Venezuela relations, officials in the South American country have seized oil equipment owned by U.S. contractors. According to Reuters, the company had refused to work after failing to receive payment from the Venezuelan government.
Venezuelan Politics and Human Rights looks at President Nicolas Maduro’s combative stance against critical media coverage, which has resulted in an increased crackdown on some private outlets. While the opposition is attempting to fight this by promoting online media, it is unclear how successful this effort has been in reaching the broader public.
As part of its ongoing efforts to rein in criminal activity in the troubled state of Michoacan, the Mexican government has announced that it has deployed armed forces to secure the key port of Lazaro Cardenas. El Universal reports that a combined force of federal police, military and navy personnel will take over police duties in the area, as the local police have been largely coopted by the Knights Templar drug gang. Security analyst James Bosworth notes that the fact that criminal group has shown itself willing to go after infrastructure targets is a potential threat, as an attack on the port could have a sizeable impact on Mexico’s economy.
One Year into EPN’s Administration, Human Rights i...
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Hernandez Declared Honduras' Unofficial President-...
Two Self-Proclaimed Winners in Honduran Elections
U.S. Atty Gen Holder Rejects Mass Incarceration, '...
Dominican Court Ruling Fuels Climate of Fear
Venezuela’s Maduro Gets Decree Powers
Haiti Rocked by Anti-Martelly Protests
Chile Election Goes to 2nd Round
Market Study to Reshape Bolivian Coca Production
Brazil Supreme Court Upholds Mensalão Sentences
Ecuador Cracks Down on Inhumane Drug Treatment
Venezuela’s ‘Economic War’ Heats Up
Colombian Govt: FARC Won't Get Legislative Seats
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Fujimori Denied House Arrest
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CARL PHILLIPS
Since You Ask
Through the air, over water,
five crows are taking down a falcon –
it's like a dream:
dream-falcon
mercy-falcon
the wings folding and unfolding like
any childhood looked at
then looked away from, across it
warriors spurring on forever their still half-wild horses,
rivers to ford, still,
slaughter ahead – bullet, arrow – horses
included, if you must,
then swiftly, despite whatever in a horse might count
as innocence, X, but glittering, let it
split the fair steed's forehead clean in two.
9 The Paris-American
Carl Phillips is the author of twelve books, including Silverchest, forthcoming in 2013, and Double Shadow (2011), which won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. He has also translated Sophocles's Philoctetes and has written a book of prose, Coin of the Realm: Essays on the Life and Art of Poetry. Other honors include the Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award, the Lambda Literary Award, and awards and fellowships from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the Guggenheim Foundation, the Library of Congress, and the Academy ofAmerican Poets, to which he was named a Chancellor in 2006. Phillips teaches at Washington University in St. Louis.
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Just before Shawn Howell went to Iraq, he and his wife felt ready to buy a bigger house for their family. But when Shawn came home, the interest cap went off and when his ARM, or adjustable rate mortgage, got 'adjusted', his payment increased. Even with Shawn working two jobs and his wife running a home business, they simply couldn't make the payments. To avoid eviction, Shawn and his family left right before the sheriff's sale. Now they're living in a small mobile home. Also on the show: why one man has been called anti-American, accused of being pro-terrorist, and damned to hell.
More about Foreclosed
Graffiti of War
When Jaeson Parsons went to Iraq as a medic, he was based in a particularly dangerous place in the desert. Inside a building, he stumbled on some graffiti - an image of a lighthouse that another American soldier left on a concrete wall.
More about Graffiti of War
In the early morning hours of August 22, 1971, Father Michael Doyle and 27 other mostly Catholic priests and lay people were caught destroying draft records inside the federal courthouse in Camden, N.J. It was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience to protest what Father Doyle and the others considered the immoral war in Vietnam. Also in this episode: Grandma gets the lead out.
More about Civil Disobedience
Soldier Of The Year
Scott Smiley had just graduated from West Point when he married his high school sweetheart, Tiffany, in 2003. Eight months later he was sent to Iraq, where he was injured by a suicide car bomb. It wasn't until he was back at Walter Reed that Scott learned he had been permanently blinded. Scott is still serving in the military, and this summer, the Army Times selected Scott as its 2007 Soldier of the Year.
More about Soldier Of The Year
Goodbye Comrades
Mike Heaney fought in the Vietnam War. And like Alfred Klinger, he wondered for many years what it would be like to go back.
More about Goodbye Comrades
Rhine Revisited
In 1945, Alfred Klinger was just 17, a first-generation American who wanted to serve his country and in the process, feel something like a hero. He fought and was wounded in World War II. Fifty-nine years later, Alfred got the idea to return to the place where he'd lost his friends.
More about Rhine Revisited
Finding Father
Andrea Richardson Stowers was 7 years old when her father Dale left on a Cold War military mission from which he never returned. Dale’s work was classified, so Andrea never found out how he died. Andrea’s mother believed it was a government cover-up and convinced herself that Dale was still alive.
More about Finding Father
Saving Each Other
Pat Harris served in the first Gulf War and came home with classic signs of PTSD. She would crack the windows to find enemies and shop online to avoid the supermarket meat aisle. But while Pat was gone, her then 9-year-old daughter Patricia was going through trauma as well.
More about Saving Each Other
Goodbye to Grandpa
Robin Sagadraca's father Bob was buried Thursday in Arlington National Cemetery. A member of the "Greatest Generation," the elder Sagadraca never spoke much about his wartime experiences in the Army. But the few stories that Robin and his son Ross have heard were vivid. There was the time Grandpa got shot in the head, and the time he refused the Purple Heart.
More about Goodbye to Grandpa
Atomic Veteran
Nearly 400,000 members of the U.S. military watched nuclear detonations after World War II. They were told that the radiation was minimal and that they were far enough away from the blasts so they wouldn't be harmed. Bob Greenwald was one of those men. Also in this episode: a dream deferred.
More about Atomic Veteran
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The Date of Easter and Early Lection-Cycles
In the year 325, Roman Emperor Constantine convened the Council of Nicea. This council, attended by 318 bishops from all over the empire, focused on the subject of the nature of Christ. (The number 318, drawn from Genesis 14:14, was considered to have a special meaning, since in Greek gematria the letters ΤΙΗ (tau, iota, eta) have a total value of 318, and are also, visually, the shape of a cross plus the first two letters in Jesus’ name.)
The result of this council was the Nicene Creed, which declared, among other things, that Jesus was “very God of very God, begotten, not made.” This meant that Arius – the Egyptian cleric whose controversial teachings had elicited the council – was wrong in his insistence that there was a time when the Logos did not exist.
Something else was also addressed at the Council of Nicea. It was not the New Testament canon, contrary to the fictitious gobbledegook that has been spread by The Da Vinci Code and similar books. It was the date of Easter.
When the early church first celebrated the resurrection of Christ, their celebration coincided with the Jewish Passover. A vestige of this arrangement can still be found in the King James Version in Acts12:4: the Passover-festival is referred to as Easter. In this passage the KJV’s translators did not intend to convey that the Jewish ruler Herod was celebrating the Christian holy day of Easter or that he was celebrating some pagan holiday. They simply retained the rendering that had been made almost 90 years earlier by William Tyndale, who also coined the term “Passover,” a term which eventually caught on and facilitated the recognition of the two holidays as separate events. (Tyndale’s English version repeatedly refers to the Passover as “Easter,” even in episodes in the Gospels that precede the death and resurrection of Christ.)
Some Christians had a special annual celebration of the Lord’s resurrection on the same day as the Jewish Passover. Others, though, celebrated Holy Week annually with the Lord’s resurrection always observed on a Sunday. This difference had persisted for a long time – ever since the days of the students of the apostles. In Ignatius’ closing comments in his Letter to the Philippians, he stated that whoever observes the Passover with the Jews or receives the emblems of their feast is a partaker with those who killed the Lord and His apostles - quite a heavy denunciation, though it is unclear if Ignatius was referring to merely celebrating the Lord’s resurrection at the same time the Jews celebrated Passover, or to participating in the Judaic Passover observance itself.
Hippolytus, in Book 8 of his lengthy composition Refutation of All Heresies, firmly opposed those who celebrated Easter on the 14th of the month; yet even though he called them heretics, he acknowledged that in other regards they kept the apostolic faith and traditions.
Hippolytus
Eusebius of Caesarea (a participant in the Council of Nicea who tended to sympathize with Arius, but not too vocally) described the controversy that arose in the 100’s, in his Ecclesiastical History, Book 5, chapters 24-25.
Congregations in Asia (i.e., western Turkey), Eusebius reported, customarily observed a tradition that the resurrection of Christ corresponded annually with the Jewish Passover (the 14th day of the month Nisan), whether it was a Sunday or not. But in other places, including Jerusalem and Rome, it was customary to always celebrate the resurrection of Christ on a Sunday – and the leaders of those places wrote to the churches in Asia, appealing to them to alter their custom.
Polycrates, a leader in the Asian churches, responded with a letter – Eusebius cited it specifically and presented its contents – in which he stated that Philip the evangelist, John the apostle, Polycarp the martyr, Melito of Sardis, and others (including relatives of Polycrates) had all observed the resurrection of Christ on the 14th of the month – and he had no intention of deviating from that tradition.
In 193, Victor, bishop of Rome, initially resolved to excommunicate Polycrates and everyone who agreed with him. This course of action was averted, though, by advice given by several other bishops – one of whom was none other than the renowned Irenaeus of Lyons.
Eusebius presented a snippet of Irenaeus’ letter, which has a remarkably conciliatory tone. Irenaeus advised Victor of Rome that the disagreement involved not only the annual date, but also details about the length of the fast that preceded it. To excommunicate people over such details would not look good. In addition, Irenaeus pointed out, earlier generations of Christians had not condemned one another over this issue; their inactivity implied that they did not consider it something worth separating about:
“This variety in its observance,” Irenaeus wrote, “has not originated in our time, but long before in that of our ancestors. It is likely that they did not hold to strict accuracy, and thus formed a custom for their posterity according to their own simplicity and peculiar mode. Yet all of these lived nonetheless in peace, and we also live in peace with one another.”
And there is more. In the composition by Irenaeus presented by Eusebius, Irenaeus mentions that Polycarp, when he was at Rome, disagreed with Anicetus (apparently about when to celebrate Easter), and neither could persuade the other – so they agreed to disagree.
The agreement to disagree effectively ended, though, at Nicea. The Quartodecimanians – those who observed Easter on the 14th of the month – were summarily denounced. The exact wording of the decree at Nicea about this is unknown, but in 341 at the the Council of Antioch, a decree was issued which, in the course of affirming the Council of Nicea, stated that bishops who observed the Lord’s resurrection at the same time as the Jews (that is, on the 14th of Nisan) were to be relieved of duty.
With the Quartodeciman tradition thus rejected, a consensus emerged that Easter was to be observed annually on the first Sunday after the first full moon on or after the vernal equinox. The details of this approach were probably based on the Paschal Canon of Anatolius of Alexandria (from A.D. 270). Alas, even this objective calculation has not resulted in uniformity among all churches, due to the effects of the different calendars that have been retained as the basis for the calculation. This year (2018), Passover-week is March 31- April 6, and Easter Sunday is April 1 (although for the Orthodox Churches it is April 8). (Panos Antsalkis of the University of Notre Dame explains it all in a detailed essay.)
“Fascinating,” you may be thinking, “but what does all that have to do with the text of the New Testament?”
The thing to see is that an annual cycle of Easter-observance emerged very early, and became entrenched very quickly, in the first half of the 100s. It seems very likely that other annual observances spread at the same time and that this elicited the early emergence of lection-cycles. In the case of the annual feast of Pentecost, Christian observance of Pentecost is mentioned not only in the New Testament book of Acts, but also in the anonymous second-century composition Epistula Apostolorum (which also mentions the Easter celebration).
Tertullian, writing in Latin in North Africa in the late 100’s or early 200’s, mentioned Christians’ observance of Pentecost in chapter 23 of his composition On Prayer: “We, however – just as we have received – only on the day of the Lord’s resurrection ought to guard not only against kneeling, but every posture and office of solicitude; deferring even our businesses lest we give any place to the devil. Similarly, to, in the period of Pentecost, which period we distinguish by the same solemnity of exultation.”
Not only was the Day of Pentecost a special occasion from the sub-apostolic era onward, but the whole fifty-day period from Eastertime to Pentecost was considered a special period of celebration. Evidence of this is provided in Tertullian’s allusion to Pentecost in the third chapter of his composition On the Soldier’s Crown, in the course of referring to activities which in his time were already regarded as traditional practices: “We consider fasting or kneeling in worship on the Lord’s Day to be unlawful. We rejoice in the same privilege also from Easter to Pentecost.”
Slightly later, Origen mentioned Christians’ annual observance of Pentecost too, in Against Celsus, Book 8, chapter 22:
“If it be objected to us on this subject that we ourselves are accustomed to observe certain days, as for example the Lord’s Day, the Preparation, the Passover, or Pentecost, I have to answer that to the perfect Christian, who is constantly in his thoughts, words, and deeds serving his natural Lord, God the Word, all his days are the Lord’s, and he is always keeping the Lord’s Day.”
He continued in chapter 23: “But the majority of those who are accounted believers are not of this advanced class; but because they are either unable or unwilling to keep every day in this manner, they require some sensible memorials to prevent spiritual things from passing altogether away from their minds.”
The early establishment of annual Christian festivals provided a setting in which it was almost inevitable that specific passages were assigned to be read on specific days. This established the basic building-blocks of what eventually became annual cycles of lectionary-readings – reading-cycles that were initially independent and localized (like the manner in which Easter was observed), but which gradually became more uniform.
John Burgon, in his 1871 book The Last Twelve Verses of Mark Vindicated, pointed out some readings in early manuscripts which, he proposed, are early adaptations of the text made at the beginning or ends of lections to either introduce, or to round off, the episode. Not all of his examples seem persuasive, but the following are interesting and suggestive:
● Matthew 8:13. A small assortment of manuscripts has an extra sentence attached to this verse: “And the centurion returned to his house, and in that hour the servant was made whole.” If these manuscripts were all medieval, this reading would likely be dismissed as a harmonization to the parallel in Luke 7:10, intended to round off a lection. And, indeed, this verse concludes the lection for the fifth Sunday after Pentecost in the Byzantine lectionary-cycle. But that small assortment of manuscripts includes Codex Sinaiticus (from the mid-300s) and several other uncials.
● Mark 14:3. Codex D (05, Codex Bezae) inserts Jesus’ name. Codex Bezae’s text includes so many little expansions that one might argue that it is a mere coincidence that this one occurs at the beginning of the lection for the seventeenth Friday after Easter.
● Luke 7:1. Codex D basically rewrites the verse, which happens to begin the lection for the fifth Saturday after Pentecost.
● Luke 4:16. Codex D (and F and G and 579) insert Jesus’ name in the first part the verse; this happens to be the beginning of the lection for first Thursday after Pentecost.
● Luke 5:17. Codex D rewrites the verse, which happens to begin the lection for the second Saturday after Pentecost.
● Luke 16:19. Codex D reads “And He spoke another parable,” which could be an arbitrarily made harmonization, but which interlocks snugly with Burgon’s idea that the purpose for the harmonization at this particular point was to serve as a lection-incipit, that is, one of the brief phrases with which lectors introduced the daily reading.
● John 14:1. Codex D begins the verse with “And He said to His disciples,” which looks very much like an lection-incipit, that is, one of the brief phrases with which lectors introduced the daily reading. As it turns out, a lection does indeed begin at this exact point; in the Byzantine lectionary John 14:1-10 is the lection for the sixth Friday after Easter.
Lectionary 152,
from the 900s.
Burgon also proposed, in the same book, an interesting theory about Codex Bezae’s unusual reading in Mark 14:41, το τέλος και (between ἀπέχει and ηωρα): “Nothing else has happened here,” Burgon proposed, “but that a marginal note, designed originally to indicate the end (το τέλος) of the lesson for the third day of the second week of the Carnival, has lost its way from the end of verse 42, and got thrust into the text of verse 41.” Burgon noted that this reading is supported by the Peshitta, by the Old Latin, and by the Philoxenian version – which would mean that this quarter of witnesses echoes a yet-earlier ancestor; Burgon proposed that such an ancestral text came from the 100s.
Willker’s Textual Commentary on the Greek Gospels confirms that το τέλος Or its non-Greek counterparts) is in the text of Mark 14:41 not only in Codex D but also in Codex W (ἀπέχει το τέλος ἰδου ηλθεν) and Codex Θ (ἀπέχητο· το τέλος ηλθεν), as well as 0233, family 13 (a small cluster of MSS that share an earlier ancestor-copy), 565, 713, 1071, lectionary 844, and the Armenian version and one Georgian copy, and that it is not only supported by the Peshitta but also by the Siniatic Syriac and the Harklean Syriac – plus several Old Latin manuscripts including Codex Vercellensis (which probably was produced in the 370s).
Willker also observes that in the margin of Codex Vaticanus at this point there is a distigme (that is, a symbo resembling an umlaut which conveys that the person who added it was aware of a textual variant in the line of text that it accompanies – though there is some debate about the date at which this person worked) and that not only Burgon, but also Scrivener advocated the theory that το τέλος had first entered the margin to signal the end of a lection before being blended into the text of Mark 14:41, and that later copyists and translators tackled it in their own ways.
A consultation of a footnote on page 76 of the first volume of the 1894 edition of Scrivener’s Plain Introduction confirms that Scrivener regarded Codex D’s readings in Luke 16:19 and John 14:1 as lection-incipits, and he also says that the το τέλος in Mark 14:41 “probably has the same origin.” Yet Burgon, in chapter 12 of Causes of Corruption (written some time after his defense of Mark 16:9-20), explained the presence of το τέλος as a slight expansion, rather than as an insertion of stray marginalia, stating in a footnote that he retracted unreservedly what he had proposed in The Last Twelve Verses of Mark regarding this variant.
Hort, in his 1881 Notes on Select Readings, proposed that το τέλος was added not as a lost lection-ending note, but as an attempted harmonization drawn from Luke 22:37, where Jesus – still in the upper room – states that the prophecies about Him are being fulfilled, that is, reaching their end (καὶ γαρ το περι εμου τελος εχει). This seems unlikely, inasmuch as a harmonizer would have no motive to be so frugal.
Metzger resorted to the guess that a copyist was puzzled by the somewhat rare ἀπέχει (or thought that the readers of their manuscripts would be puzzled) and added το τέλος to add clarity – but it seems to me that this would be far down any clarity-prioritizing copyist’s list of options.
The presence of such phenomena in Codex Bezae and in the Old Latin copies is especially interesting because these particular witnesses tend to echo the Western text that circulated widely in the latter half of the 100s. The case that the variants in the list just given show the influence of early lection-cycles might not be irresistible, but it is strong, and the inference from this is that the influence of basic lection-cycles involving the main annual Christian feasts should not be casually dismissed as a possible cause of textual variants that emerged as early as the 100s, when the bishop of Rome, until cooler heads prevailed, was willing to excommunicate fellow Christians because they would not celebrate Easter at the same time he did.
C. R. Gregory – the scholar whose name is recalled whenever textual critics refer to manuscripts by their Gregory-Aland numbers – theorized that specific passages were assigned for Sundays “at an extremely early date.” Although it was a matter of centuries before lections were collected into separate volumes, nothing precludes the idea that on the major Christian feasts, and particularly for the period from the beginning of Easter-week to Pentecost, specific passages were assigned to specific days. (This may have even been the custom in the time of Justin Martyr, who mentioned in the 67th chapter of his First Apology that Christians gathered on the day called Sunday and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets were read, as long as time permitted, before a sermon and the observance of the Lord’s Supper.)
This factor – the influence of lection-cycles – should be considered not only when evaluating the variant-units mentioned earlier, but also some other variant-units, including Luke 22:43-44 and John 7:53-8:11.
[Readers are encouraged to explore the embedded links in this essay which lead to additional resources.]
Posted by James Snapp Jr at 9:02 AM
Labels: Acts 12:4, Burgon, Codex Bezae, Constantine, Council, Date of Easter, Easter, Eusebius, Hort, Irenaeus, John 7:53-8:11, Luke 15:19, Mark 14:3, Mark 14:41, Metzger, Nicea, Old Latin, Quartodeciman Controversy, Willker
Orange Hunter said...
Mr. Snapp, I apologize for going off topic a little, but what do you think is the best translation of the Greek word "monogenes"- as "only begotten" or "unique"? This is very important matter that seems to cause great confusion for some Christians.
Orange HUnter,
I think "only begotten" is the best way to render the term into English.
See for some additional comments on this subject
http://www.bible-researcher.com/only-begotten.html (and please be sure to read the footnotes there).
Thank you for the helpful reference. God bless.
For a chart showing all the uses of "Easter" in the English NT prior to 1611:
http://straitegate.com/oldepathsfolder/op92apr.htm
Never heard of the notion that the number of "318" bishops attending Nicea was significant because "318" in Greek numerals is "TIH", but the Orthodox Church does make a big deal of the fact that Abraham was accompanied by 318 servants in Gn 14.14— "And when Abram heard that his kinsman Lot had been taken captive, he counted his own servants, three hundred eighteen, and chased after them as far as Dan." This is why that reading is taken at vespers on the eve of the feast of the "318 Father of the First Ecumenical Council" and a couple of related occasions.
το τέλος in Mark 14:41 looks to be a feature of the Caesarean Text: It's in Theta, F13, and 565. I wonder if anyone has checked the Armenian and Georgian mss which are known to omit the pericope.
John 3:13: The Son of Man Who is in Heaven
Hand to Hand Combat: P46 versus GA 384
Josh Buice and the Ending of Mark
The Textus Receptuses
Matthew 2:11 and the Westminster Confession of Fai...
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Hamas must be brought to book for havoc they have sown
http://zionism-israel.com/israel_news/2009/02/hamas-must-be-brought-to-book-for-havoc.html
EDWIN BENNATAN
OPINION:Israelis are fed up with the Palestinians' inability to take Yes for an answer, writes EDWIN BENNATAN.
THE RENOWNED physicist Wolfgang Pauli, who was known for his colourful objections to incorrect or sloppy thinking, was once asked for his opinion of a paper written by a young student. "This is not right," declared Pauli. "It's not even wrong."
Some arguments are so blatantly flawed that they do not even deserve being called wrong. Such is Lara Marlowe's simplistic view of the Israel-Palestinian conflict (Opinion and Analysis, February 3rd) in which she proposes that the US and the EU impose a solution on the two sides. "The UN should flood the Gaza Strip with blue helmets," she suggests, "who would prevent Hamas firing rockets."
She continues: "The most maddening thing about the conflict is that there is such an obvious solution, as there was in Northern Ireland."
First, the Middle East is not Northern Ireland. Cambridge historians John Bew and Martyn Frampton have stated in a recent report that although it has become "fashionable to look to the lessons of the peace process in Northern Ireland as holding insights for other areas of conflict, simplistic comparisons may be unhelpful".
While the aims of the IRA posed no "existential threat" to the British, they argue, "the objectives of Hamas require the destruction of the state of Israel". The researchers also maintain that while the IRA's political goals were local, Hamas, which controls the Gaza Strip, is part of a global Islamist movement.
Second, Israel has already experienced the impotence of UN forces when, in 1967, UN peacekeepers were swiftly removed from the Egypt-Israel border in response to the first demand from Egypt's president Gamal Abdul Nasser, who then proceeded to mass his army on the border, which led to the Six Day War. Israel has no reason to believe that the UN would act differently today.
And as for the notion that the US and the EU should impose a solution to the conflict, Marlowe seems to have a mental picture of two brawling children whose parents need to send them off to bed with no supper until they learn to behave.
Israel is not the 30th or 20th strongest force in the world; it is one of the most powerful forces (which it needed to become to survive in a tough neighbourhood), and it will never accept an imposed arrangement that it believes would imperil its very existence. Israel is not facing just Hamas, or even just the Palestinians. The situation in the Middle East is more complex than that.
As Bew and Frampton have noted, Israel is facing a global Islamist movement in which Iran plays a leading role, and which also includes Hizbullah and the Muslim Brotherhood who are fighting to overthrow the relatively moderate pro-western governments in Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. Marlowe needs to understand this before she offers her simplistic proposals.
Marlowe is also apparently unaware that the Palestinians have been offered a two-state solution, which they have repeatedly rejected. As far back as 1947, the Palestinians rejected UN Resolution 181 on the partitioning of British Mandate Palestine into two states, one Jewish and one Arab (the Jews of Palestine accepted the UN partition plan).
More recently, the Palestinians rejected US president Bill Clinton's proposal in 2000 at Camp David for a Palestinian state in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, which included the removal of Jewish settlements. Amin al-Mahdy reported in the Arabic daily newspaper Al-Hayathow Yasser Arafat, in an interview two years later, lamented his mistake in rejecting the peace offer.
Al-Mahdy wrote: "Arafat has admitted his mistake in refusing Clinton's proposals. But what he should have explained was why he refused, why it was wrong, and why it took him two years to realise it. Now the situation has deteriorated to a degree that goes beyond the mistake of rejecting the Clinton peace plan. That rejection was part of a tragic cycle of mistakes that involved resorting to violence and a direct alliance with the Islamic political groups before the negotiations.
"This tragic cycle of mistakes overthrew the idea of peaceful negotiations and did a lot to bring down the Israeli left and the peace movement."
Six years after the Palestinians rejected Clinton's proposals the Israeli peace camp regained its ground and returned to power in the 2006 elections. Peace negotiations with the Palestinians resumed, and additional details of the peace deal were ironed out (Palestinian control of Arab east Jerusalem, compensation for Palestinian refugees, and land swaps of territory in Israel proper in exchange for 4 per cent of the West Bank adjacent to the Israel border).
But again the Palestinian leadership rejected the deal that their negotiating team had worked out with the Israelis, and which offered them virtually everything they had been demanding (other than the destruction of Israel).
The latest barrages of cross-border rockets from Gaza into southern Israel, and the war that followed, have all but ended the current attempts at peace. To be blunt, the Israeli public is fed up with the Palestinians' inability to take Yes for an answer, and is expected once again to shift to the right at tomorrow's elections.
With a right-wing government led by Benjamin Netanyahu, it is highly unlikely that the current peace deal will remain on the table or that meaningful negotiations will be resumed anytime soon.
So where does this leave Lara Marlowe's analysis? She is clearly unaware of the history of this long and sad conflict, and seems to be preoccupied with baseless rumours and innuendos that serve no useful purpose.
But Egypt's president Hosni Mubarak got it right a few days ago in his address in honour of Egypt's national police force day. It is the responsibility of the Palestinian people, he said, to settle the score with Hamas for the pain and the destruction it has caused them.
If the Palestinians took Mubarak's advice that would be a welcome step towards peace.
posted by News Service at 12:55 PM
Copyright - Original materials copyright (c) by the authors. Originally posted at http://zionism-israel.com/israel_news/2009/02/hamas-must-be-brought-to-book-for-havoc.html. Please do link to these articles, quote from them and forward them by email to friends with this notice. Other uses require written permission of the author.
Deterrent: No choice but to fight in Gaza
Israeli Arab view of Lieberman: We got what we des...
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Lawsuit Claims Carrie Underwood’s NFL Theme Song Stolen From Songwriter
In a new lawsuit filed against Carrie Underwood, her producer, the NFL and more parties, a struggling songwriter named Heidi Merrill claims Underwood's theme song for Sunday Night Football was lifted from a song she submitted to Underwood's producer, Mark Bright.
The Blast obtained court documents in which Merrill claims that her song "Game On" provided the basis for Underwood's song of the same name, which has served as the theme song for Sunday Night Football since Underwood first recorded it in 2018.
Merril's filing claims that she and three other writers co-wrote "Game On" in 2016. She uploaded it to YouTube in March of 2017, where it has since received just over 1500 views. The recording was also featured during a broadcast of CBS Inside College Basketball.
The songwriter says she attended a conference in Nashville in August of 2017 mainly because she knew Bright was scheduled to attend, and she claims she knew Underwood was looking for a new theme song for the upcoming 2018 season of Sunday Night Football. She alleges she spoke to Bright about her song, and he asked her to submit it via email to his assistant. Two months later, she claims, she received an email passing on the song.
Underwood subsequently debuted a new theme song titled "Game On" when Sunday Night Football returned on Sept. 6, 2018. The superstar co-wrote the song with Chris DeStefano and Brett James. Merrill claims the track is "substantially — even strikingly — similar, if not identical" to her original work. Check out Underwood's song below.
Merrill's lawsuit names Underwood, Bright, NBC, the NFL and more parties, alleging copyright infringement. The filing seeks damages in an unspecified amount. Neither representatives for Underwood nor the NFL commented when contacted by the Blast.
Merrill previously had some limited success with a song titled "Cornhusker Strong" in 2015. In an interview with local NBC affiliate KSNB in Hastings, Neb., Merrill said the song was inspired by her Nebraska roots. Her video of the song has nearly 275,000 views on YouTube, and it's been shared by sports outlets including 247Sports.com, Scout.com and Huskerspot.com.
In her filing, Merrill claims "Game On" was intended as a way to capitalize on more sports-themed material. She also cited a previous lawsuit filed against Underwood and Bright over Underwood's No. 1 hit "Something in the Water." That suit was later dismissed, according to the Blast.
Carrie Underwood Faced Another Lawsuit, Too
The Nastiest Lawsuits in the History of Country Music:
Source: Lawsuit Claims Carrie Underwood’s NFL Theme Song Stolen From Songwriter
Filed Under: carrie underwood
Categories: Entertainment, Music News
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Raising Mommy: An Aberration Story
“Growing up with a very volatile person has given me great patience when dealing with others.”
This painting, Brute Strength, represents the struggle of growing up in the shadow of a mental illness. As the adolescent or young adult grows, reaching for the road that leads away from the pain of childhood, an almost organic entanglement with the mentally ill parent constantly pulls them back toward an unhealthy world. This unique conflict mixed with the more common adolescent struggles with right and wrong, and what falls in between, can create a situation that follows the child far into adulthood, impacting their behaviors, choices, and perceptions.
I’ve lived it and so has Ali, the newest member of the Aberration Nation. I had the pleasure of meeting Ali at a narcolepsy support meeting in Toronto earlier this year. She’s a courageous young woman who refuses to let her own aberrations inhibit her strong positive focus while also helping others to do the same. She’s a role model for me, and I’m delighted to share her story with you.
What it was like growing up with a mentally ill parent?
I’m lucky to have a few memories of my mother when she still behaved like a typical mom. She was very creative and involved with my sister and me. She liked making crafts and taking us on mystery tours to playgrounds we’d never seen. However, around the time of my ninth birthday, things changed drastically. My mom became confused, and couldn’t express herself properly. She couldn’t use the phone, had very poor balance, and couldn’t cook. Although I wasn’t aware of any specifics, I knew something was very wrong. The following year, Mom moved in and out of the psychiatric ward for several weeks at a time. That’s when I became the mother figure.
Twice, I came home from school and found the house full of smoke. My mom had been trying to cook. I had to call the fire department. Another day, she climbed on a chair in the kitchen and fell. I picked her up and put her to bed, then called my dad and asked him to come home from work because I was scared. My younger sister was quite sheltered from most of this. I didn’t realise how much I protected her until we discussed it as adults. We’re very close because of what we’ve been through together, and my sister is grateful that she was able to have a childhood while I took on responsibilities beyond my years.
As a child, what were your top priorities?
When my dad left for work each morning, he always reminded me not to let Mom touch the stove, not to let her go downstairs, and so on. It never seemed unusual to me that I had to do so much for my mother. After school I would babysit her instead of going to a babysitter myself. My dad worked in the city, and rode the bus two hours each way, so we were very much on our own. My top priorities became making sure my mom and sister had what they needed until my dad got home. My kid time was in the evenings when Dad took me to Guides or a church youth group. In school, I didn’t relate well to the other kids. I was an easy target for bullies, but I thrived in Guides where maturity and responsibility were prized.
How did you come to understand that your family was different in this way, and how did you cope?
Around age twelve, my parents took me to see a social worker due to depression and my dislike of school. Not knowing that my mother had been diagnosed as mentally ill, I was only able to describe her behaviour and how it made me feel. The social worker tried to have me role play communication with my mom; she pretended to be my mom. I became very frustrated when the social worker wouldn’t believe that my mother wouldn’t listen if I told her I wanted to talk about something, and would instead either ignore me or become very angry and rude. This was the first of a string of social workers and psychologists who made me feel like an alien because my family was like no other they were aware of.
My coping mechanism became to stay away from home when possible. I immersed myself in volunteer work with Rangers, the local youth centre, and anything else I could get into. When things became too intense at home, I would walk to a local park and sit under a tree reading a book for a while. Sometimes I would walk around town all day, window shopping, talking to strangers, and just trying to forget what I had escaped from at home.
How did having a parent suffering with mental illness impact your ability to relate to others as you matured? Did it somehow expand and/or squelch this ability?
Having been a caregiver at such a young age, I have always assumed leadership roles. In Guides, I was a Patrol Leader, and as a teenager, I was an assistant Brownie Leader. I joined a committee to create a youth centre in my town, and often initiated new projects with that group. I made a lot of friends through that committee, and they came to rely on me as the person to go to for advice, or just a sounding board when they needed to talk. Even now at age thirty, friends come to me when they want straightforward, honest advice.
The flip side of my honesty and strength is that I can be blunt and sometimes bossy, but I’m able to acknowledge this. I try to keep myself from getting too pushy. My friends know that they can be equally honest with me, and I appreciate that. My drive for volunteerism has remained strong as well. I run two singles’ social clubs, a support group for sleep disorders, am a member of Scouting, and an all-purpose volunteer fund raiser and cage cleaner for the Humane Society. People ask me for help, and I step right up to the job. At times this has been overwhelming, but in recent years I’ve learned how to say no sometimes as not to overburden myself. I always need to have some kind of project to focus my energy on, someone or something to take care of, and I think this comes from my early years of always having to keep watch and look after everyone else at home.
As an adult, what are the most difficult aspects of your relationship with your mother? Are they completely different from those your struggled with as a child or is it a continuation of the same?
To a large extent, the struggles with my mother are the same as when I was a child. We still have a power struggle where my mother tries to show her capabilities by refusing to take any of my suggestions. Last year, my father passed away, and she became violent. I had to leave town and for the first time in forty years, she was alone. I had to learn how to step back and allow her to make her own mistakes, although I’m always afraid she’ll do something to physically harm herself or someone else. I’ve done everything I can to let doctors and others know what to watch out for. However, the law prevents anyone from intervening until she actually causes harm to herself or someone else.
I try to humour her and show her love from a distance in an attempt to keep myself from being drawn back into the whirlwind of confusion, control, and rage my mother lives in. We talk on the phone a couple of times a week, and I visit her once a month. I worry, but have accepted that I can’t protect her. I think that’s something every parent struggles with.
How do you cope as an adult?
Now that I’ve moved to a different city, I’m focusing on the self-care I ignored for so long. I got a gym membership and go several times each week. I do yoga and take belly dance lessons. I joined a choir and several social groups here. I live with my sister now, and we get along very well. I don’t know where I would be without her love and support.
I have fantastic friends and plenty of volunteer projects. I have two cats that I love dearly. I also see a psychiatrist for post-traumatic stress disorder, and have taken cognitive behavioural therapy to deal with the trauma of the past. People who live close to my mother have my phone number and have promised to check up on her regularly. My mom and I are now developing into two separate entities, instead of one constant struggle.
How has living in the shadow of mental illness made you stronger? Can you share the positives that have emerged for you as a unique individual? Has it shaped your views on motherhood and parenting?
Growing up with a very volatile person has given me great patience when dealing with others. I’ve always had to figure out the underlying meaning of things–why my mother said and did the things she did–so I’m very attuned to the things people don’t say out loud. I’m a caregiver and am very mentally and emotionally strong, and I lend this strength to others who come to me for help.
Although I like children, I’ve decided not to have any. I’ve been a parent for more than twenty years, and my mother is still very young and has many more years to go. Now is the time for me to live my own life. I appreciate the difficulty of being a mother, and that while it’s very rewarding in many ways, it’s the biggest commitment you can ever make. Other kids got their parenting lessons from carrying an egg or a bag of sugar or a robotic infant. I got my parenting experience from being a parent to my own mother, and it was a very steep learning curve.
What are the top three things we can do for children who may be in this lonely quagmire?
Teachers, neighbours, relatives, and anyone who may become aware that something is wrong should report the situation to Children’s Aid. Often the other parent is too wrapped up in dealing with the mentally ill parent to give the child the necessary care and attention required. If a social services agency checks in on the family regularly and monitored the children’s mental health from inside the home, a lot of trauma can be prevented. I would like to see support groups made available for children of mentally ill parents. Individual counselling is helpful only if the child feels understood, and in my experience, children are not given credit for what they really know. Even now as an adult, I would like to see a support group for adult children of mentally ill parents. This would help us deal with the lingering effects of our childhood.
If you could say anything to the world about being the child of a mentally ill parent, what would it be?
About being a child in the situation: Please make it your business to reach out and find out what’s really happening at home. A child in such a situation is very isolated and feels that nobody could ever understand. What is most needed is a healthy adult role model and a place to just be a kid without adult pressures.
About being an adult child: Please don’t ask why we bother having relationships with our parents. Just like a parent unconditionally loves and supports a mentally ill child, a child will often unconditionally love and support a mentally ill parent.
Aberrations, children, depression, mental illness
Burning Down the House: An Aberration Story
Buckhead: A Day in the Life
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Supreme Court upholds murder conviction against Calgary man who stabbed girlfriend, filmed her dying
By Natalie Stechyson, Postmedia News
A Calgary man who videotaped his common-law wife with a cellphone as she lay dying from the stab wound he’d given her will not get the chance to fight his murder conviction in Canada’s top court.
The Supreme Court of Canada announced Thursday that it would not hear Travis Marc Martel’s appeal.
Martel was convicted in 2010 of second-degree murder in the death of his common-law wife, Sarah Rae.
Rae died on Aug. 3, 2008, after being stabbed by Martel.
The two went to a bar in Calgary on the night of her death where, according to court documents, Martel “exhibited behaviour consistent with jealousy,” including calling Rae when she went to the washroom to find out where she was.
Later, at their home, Martel stabbed her in the chest with a large knife, wounding her liver as well as arteries and veins crucial to her body’s circulatory system.
Martel used his cellphone to record her death for more than two minutes. He later erased the video according to court documents, but a forensic examiner recovered it.
The video showed the woman lying on a bed struggling to take her last breaths and moaning. It also included several utterances from Martel, including “Look at the wound you got there,” “Straight to the sternum. Right on,” and “Good that I said I love you.”
At first Martel claimed that he had found Rae already dead when he came from a walk, and only after police recovered the cellphone video did he change his story to say he stabbed her during a struggle after catching her on her phone talking to another man.
The trial judge found that Martel was “a serial and repetitive liar,” rejected Martel’s evidence, and concluded that Martel’s motive was jealousy. The judge concluded Martel intended to kill Rae.
Martel argued that the verdict was unreasonable and that the trial judge erred in characterizing the cellphone video as part of one continuous act that resulted in Rae’s death. He also argued the judge was wrong to infer a motive and in finding that the Crown proved the intent to commit murder beyond a reasonable doubt.
The Court of Appeal of Alberta dismissed Martel’s appeal on April 5, 2011. In its decision, the court found the grounds of appeal to be without merit.
“Even if the trial judge had erred in any of the ways alleged by the appellant, none of these errors would have affected the outcome or trial fairness,” the decision said.
In terms of the cellphone video, the court agreed with the trial judge that the video’s evidence was consistent with intent.
“We do not find it necessary to decide whether making a video tape of the dying victim whom the appellant has just stabbed constitutes a part of the act of murder or is post offence conduct.”
Martel applied for a leave to appeal with the Supreme Court of Canada on Oct. 18, 2011.
As is its custom for those applications, the Supreme Court did not give a reason for its decision Thursday.
'Gossip Girl' spinoff in the works
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Man wanted in two murders captured
HALIFAX, NC
Edwards was arrested in a hotel parking lot by officers from the Rocky Mount Police Department, the Roanoke Rapids Police Department, and the Halifax County Sheriff’s Office Wednesday.
Authorities in Northampton, Halifax and Nash counties had all been searching for him.
Halifax Sheriff's Department Captain L.J. Burch said Edwards - of Weldon, NC - was behind a month's long crime spree.
He's now charged in the murder of Brandon Tyrone Peterson September 18 and the murder of Lorenzo Tann Jr. September 21.
He's also charged with breaking and entering, a larceny, and possession of stolen goods that occurred on September 15 in Roanoke Rapids.
And, he's charged with felony possession of cocaine, possession of drug paraphernalia, and possession with intent to sell and deliver cocaine in Weldon.
He's currently being held without bond.
"I am proud of the efforts displayed by all of the officers that assisted in the efforts to get this murder suspect into custody. Because of their dedication and countless hours put in on these efforts, we were able to get this man in custody without anyone else getting hurt. I am proud to serve with these officers," said Burch.
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Home African Proverb of the Month 2016 African Proverb of the Month
January 2016 Marriage is a school. Tetela (Democratic Republic of Congo) Proverb
Tetela: Diwala eko kalasa le wadi l’umi (Tetela)
Kiswahili: Ndoa ni shule (kiswahili)
French: Le mariage est une école (French)
English : Marriage is a school (English)
Tetela (Democratic Republic of Congo) Proverb
Background, Explanation, History, Meaning and Everyday Use
The Tetela people (or Batetela in the plural) are an ethnic group of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, most of who speak the Otetela. The Tetela is a Bantu language. The Batetela live in the region between Lusambo and the Upper Congo River, in the provinces of Sankuru and Maniema. They are related to the Kusu people, and only became separate in the late 1800s after the arrival of Arabs and Belgians in the region. Both the Batetela and the Kusu are subgroups of the larger Mongo group. The name Motetela comes from a god named Motetela, meaning either "he who laughs not" or "he at whom one may not laugh History according to Emil Tor day, who studied the tribes of the Congo between 1908 and 1909, the Batetela originated on the right bank of the Lomami River and migrated to their present territory at some unknown date. In 1869-70 their language is called Otetela. (Otetela, Kitetela, Kikitatela), also Sungu, is a Bantu language of northern Kasai-Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo spoken by the Tetela people. The Batetela live in the area between Lusambo and Upper Congo River, in the provinces of Sankuru and Maniema. It is a little more than that. The territory limits of the Tetela community are defined by influences of the population in a territory. Tetela leaving their ancestral home some settled down in the grass-land of the Lubefu, others in the forest of the Lukenye River. Some came into contact with the relatively cultured Basongye and Isambo, others with the primitive Bakusu; some were influenced by the Baluba coming from south others by the AKEL, immigrant from the north.
Biblical parallels
And the birth of Yahshua Messiah was this way (for His mother Mariam had been betrothed to Joseph) before the coming together of them, she was found having babe in womb by the Holy Spirit. But her husband4, Joseph, being just, and not willing to make her a public example, he purposed to divorce her secretly. Matthew 1:18-19
Love has patience, is kind; love is not envious; love does not make a vain display of it, and does not boast; it does not behave indecently, does not pursue its own things, is not easily provoked, thinks no evil; does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices in the truth. Love quietly covers all things, believes all things, hopes all things, and endures all things. And now faith, hope, and love, these three things remain; but the greatest of these is love. 1Corinthians 13:4-7, 13
Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands, as to our Master, because a husband is head of the wife, as also Messiah is Head of the Congregation, and He is the Savior of the body. But even as the Congregation is subject to Messiah, so also the wives to their own husbands in everything. Husbands, love your wives, even as Messiah also loved the Congregation and gave Himself up on its behalf5, Ephesians 5:22-23
Teach the older women likewise to behave as becomes the worship of Elohim, not false accusers, not being enslaved by much wine, but to become teachers of good things, that they might train the young
women to be modest, to love their husbands, and their children, to be discreet, chaste, good homemakers, good, obedient to their own husbands3, so that the Word of Elohim may not be blasphemed, Likewise exhort the children to be modest; Titus 2:3-6
Contemporary Use and Religious Application
When two people are in love, it’s important they know each other’s character. Knowing character is to understand your partner. It’s like learning because someone must be prepared accordingly. Marriage also must get people to assist in building it. This is to mean that people should look for people who will counsel those who want to get married. This is because there are different levels like time for friendship, time for courtship, which is a very good time to understand and learn each other on how the other make decisions and other aspects. It’s a memorial in this stage that you may decide to continue or to stop the relationship. When you pass this level it means you have understood and learned your partner’s character and you accept the mutual obligation, thus you can now decide to get into marriage, its important your parents take responsibility of teaching their children well on how to build a strong marriage. A good parent is the one who take responsibility of teaching his/her children on how to live with others and build a house that does not collapse. This is to mean, if you decide to get married you should not break it. Any child taught by his/her parents has a responsibility of also teaching his/her sons and daughters the same. In education everything you learn is not easy always. There are those that are difficult, others may surprise you at the end, its important you accept it and understand for you to succeed. It is like a school. This is all the same with marriage because a good marriage needs a good preparation on how to succeed in it.
Elysee Meta
Tel : +254-722705778
Email : This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
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Bethesda Lutheran Church of Rossburg
Sunday Worship at 10:30AM
"Come As You Are "
We Welcome You Calendar & Announcements Contact
About Bethesda Lutheran of Rossburg
Bethesda invites all to worship together, to love God, to grow in faith, and to serve God in others.
Loving the Lord, living in faith, leading others to serve.
Jesus said, ‘Come to me, all you who are weary and carry heavy burdens, and I will give you rest.’
worship & Other information
With Sunday worship at 10:30AM, Bethesda Lutheran Church of Rossburg (ELCA) is a small country faith community that is like a family with a warm welcome for all. Along with St. John’s of Cedarbrook, Bethesda is a part of Faith Lutheran Parish.
Bethesda has been part of the Rossburg community for over 100 years. The church is just five miles east of Aitkin on County Road 5. (Click the link above for directions.) Come hear a word of grace that all are loved and forgiven by God.
Calendar & Announcements
ANNOUNCEMENTS TO COME SOON!
Contact Bethesda Lutheran Church of Rossburg
Email: faithlutheranparish@gmail.com
"Our church is a breath of fresh air. We are a close knit congregation—but are alwayswelcoming new friends!" - Bethesda Member Quote
What People Are Saying About Bethesda Lutheran Church
Come as you are… not just in the way you look, but in what you believe.
We receive GRACE regardless of our status, race, color, wealth, or power in our society. We are ALL LOVED through God’s eyes.
The congregation is like an extended family. Everyone takes an interest in what is going on in other’s lives.
A safe place to worship with our brothers and sisters, as we learn, practice, and teach the word of the Lord.
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Windows on the Monolith
The Sydney Morning Herald reports that the unseemingly and immense Ryugyong Hotel in Pyongyang has, finally, been adorned with windows:
All hail the 150-day battle! If it can finish the business that all started with the disastrous investments for the 1989 Youth Games, someone should be very pleased.
However, the Herald reports that only one side of the building has thus far been completed, leaving it open to doubt if it will take another twenty years to shield the remaining two sides of this eyesore.
One of the most poingant comments on the building comes in the form of an anecdote from a North Korean cadre, reported in the little-noticed Good Friends report of September 3:
Pyungyang News – Ryukyung Hotel or Ryukyung Tower?
One day in July, at around 5 am, the Pyung-Kang (Pyungyang – Kangye) train slowly approached the main terminal in Pyungyang, cutting through thick fog. After a big stretch to awaken my muscle, I collected my luggage and stepped out of the Sleeper (Hard) train. It was a homecoming for me after a year. Last year I worked on the design, construction and review process of hydroelectric power plants in the northern area and went to various hydroelectric power plant construction sites located in the provinces of Jagang, Ryanggang, and North Hamgyong Province, for about a year. My return to Pyungyang was due to personnel rotation. At the platform a staff from our department was waiting to welcome me.
After exchanging pleasantries, the staff said, “Comrade Deputy Director, you’ve worked really hard. How about going home today to get some rest and do the reporting to the Party Committee tomorrow? I’ve got the car waiting and can take you home.”
I responded with a smile. “It’s 150-Day Battle period now. If I went home, wouldn’t you guys criticize me at the Party Activities time? Let’s go to the Bureau quickly. Going home is not important.”
The car was a Whistle. I asked what had happened because when I was here it was a Nissan.
“What happened to Nissan? Why was the car replaced?”
“Nissan was turned in already. As the import of Japan-made automobiles was prohibited, (we received) a Whistle manufactured by the Pyunghwa Automobile Company.” he said. He then added, somewhat awkwardly, “It has run 8,000 kilometers and it’s all right. The Whistles are not inferior in terms of quality to Western cars.”
When we arrived at Sinseol Bridge over Botong River, the gigantic Ryukyung Hotel appeared before my eyes. Up until a year ago, Ryukyung Hotel looked gawky, but now glasses were installed and the crane at the top of the building was gone. It had been completely upgraded.
Being excited by the good-looking exterior, I asked: “If the exterior was finished like this, the interior work must have been done over 80 percent. This is a real miracle. How did they complete it so quickly?”
The staff said: “Oh, you don’t know what happened. The design has changed. In particular, the interior has been completely restyled. It’s no longer the original design for Ryukyung Hotel.”
In its original blue print, the Ryukyung Hotel had over 5,000 rooms, and about 47 elevators. I was curious how it had changed.
The staff immediately declared, “We shouldn’t get involved in it.” However, he added, “From now on we don’t know whether we should call it Ryukyung Hotel or Ryukyung Tower.” After I asked him a further explanation, he said: “According to the instruction from the Central Party, Mt. Bakdu Architect Research staff collaborated with the Italians to change the design. They completed several floors up from the ground and the viewing area at the top floor, and got rid of all the rooms in between, leaving only the elevators. It’s more like a tower than a hotel.”
I asked him what happened to the five thousand rooms and he said, “They wrapped the outside with glasses to make it look good, and the rooms in between became useless.” I was so flabbergasted, and unconsciously raised my voice: “How can they do this? It’s like mewing with the eyes covered (an expression similar to putting one’s head into the sand -translator.) How could you call this Ryukyung Hotel? We bragged this would be the largest hotel in the world, but if there are only several rooms in the lower floors and the top floor available, what’s there to boast about? How are we going to explain it to our future generation?”
The immediate response was: “Comrade Deputy Director, it was decided by the Central Party based on Chairman Kim Jong-Il’s command. Is it all right for you to criticize it?”
“Now that you are saying Chairman Kim commanded, I have nothing further to say. But don’t you guys have common sense? How could you do this?” I spilled out all my concerns. How come Ryukyung Hotel, symbol of the “Strong and Prosperous Nation” in Year 2012, has turned into a grotesque tower? No matter how insufficient money is, what a shame! We can no longer boast about the Ruykyung Hotel in the future.
Perhaps this man could have kept up with the construction of the hotel if he had been able to follow progress via the Internet, as the Ryugyong Hotels has its own dynamic website.
Adam Cathcart September 12, 2009 September 12, 2009 construction, DPRK, hotels, Pyongyang, Ryugyong Hotel
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Alternative Notion
on 04 Aug 05 19 Jul 10
Each year, Southern California radio behemoth KROQ holds a themed music festival (dubbed "Inland Invasion") in the oft-maligned Inland Empire.
In 2002, the theme was "25 Years of Punk."
THE SEX PISTOLS, The Offspring, Social Distortion, Bad Religion, Blink 182, Pennywise, X, The Buzzcocks, New Found Glory, The Damned, Unwritten Law, The Vandals, GBH, The Circle Jerks, TSOL, The Adolescents, The Distillers
In 2003, the theme was "Flashback to the Future."
THE CURE, Duran Duran, Hot Hot Heat, Echo and the Bunnymen, The Violent Femmes, The Psychedelic Furs, Interpol, Marc Almond of Soft Cell, Fountains of Wayne, Bow Wow Wow, Dashboard Confessional, General Public, Berlin, Kings of Leon, Dramarama, Jet
In 2004, the theme was "Flashback to the Future II."
MORRISSEY, Siouxsie, Billy Idol, Franz Ferdinand, Devo, Tears For Fears, Ian Brown of the Stone Roses, The Killers, X, Muse, A Flock of Seagulls, Death Cab For Cutie, Missing Persons, The Walkmen
Live will be performing on September 17th at the KROQ Inland Invasion, to be held at Hyundai Pavilion at Glen Helen in Devore, California.
Okay, Live hasn't been relevant since 1997, leading me to believe that this year's theme will be "The Best Mix of the 90s and Today."
Currently scheduled to play the Hyundai Pavilion on September 17? Oasis.
The Foo Fighters/Weezer fall tour lacks a Los Angeles-area date and jumps from Dallas on September 15 to San Diego on the 27th.
Garbage's tour down the west coast in September ends in San Francisco on the 10th, just shy of Los Angeles. The band then heads to Australia on the 21st.
Assuming my hypothesis is correct, who will headline?
I heard in June that Billy Corgan planned to reunite the Smashing Pumpkins…
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