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__label__wiki	0.777487	0.777487	Military Health Matters At what price? July 12, 2019 by Sharon Adams – Illustration by Robert Carter – Five years after the Canadian military lowered the flag for the last time in Afghanistan, the first war in which post-traumatic stress injury was recognized as a war wound, it seems impossible to determine how much the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and related mental-health conditions have added to the cost of the war. The sum of mental-health damage in human terms—of lives lost through suicide, potential lost, marriages and childhoods irrevocably damaged—can’t be calculated, except to say the toll has been astronomical on affected veterans and their families. And neither does it seem possible to fix a financial price tag for what has already been paid or a final tally, because some costs will continue decades into the future. Medical services and financial support will stretch over the lifetimes of some veterans with Afghanistan-related psychological wounds. Neither the Canadian Armed Forces nor Veterans Affairs Canada can supply a specific dollar amount for mental-health services they provide to veterans of Afghanistan. “We don’t necessarily subsect it out,” said Jennifer Eckersley of CAF Health Services Group. “It’s not ‘this person came to us for this reason because of Afghanistan or Bosnia.’ We provide health care to our entire population regardless of causal factor.” But between 2014 (the year Canada’s Afghanistan mission ended) and 2017-18, the federal government had to top up the military’s disability insurance plan several times to a total of more than $1.2 billion. Federal Supplementary Estimates for 2017-18 said that year’s increase was due to “a significantly higher number of claims, largely owing to increased awareness and recognition of PTSD and mental health.” Some of that additional amount would go to cases from service unrelated to Afghanistan and conditions other than mental health. But the top-ups coincide with the period when most affected troops would be expected to report post-traumatic stress injuries from the punishing combat experiences in the 2006-11 operations in Kandahar. In 2008, it was reported that about 28 per cent of troops who served in such high-threat locations were diagnosed with PTSD. The median delay in seeking PTSD treatment is about seven years. Not everyone who experiences trauma develops PTSD, but a CAF study that followed 30,513 Afghanistan veterans deployed before 2009 found that 13.15 per cent had a mental-health disorder (and eight per cent had PTSD) attributed to their service there. A 2016 PTSD backgrounder reported that 11.1 per cent of regular-force personnel meet criteria for PTSD diagnoses some time in their lives. Over five years ending in 2018, there was a 56 per cent increase—from 1,600 to 2,500—in applications to the Service Income Security Insurance Plan, which provides short-term financial support for medically releasing CAF personnel transferring to VAC (and for some disabled veterans to age 65). Treasury Board said the increase in claims was due to increasing awareness of mental-health issues and greater numbers of medical releases. To prevent future shortfalls, projections are now based on a baseline of 2,500 annual claims, said Treasury Board spokesman Martin Potvin. “I would say it’s reasonable to think that we’ve reached the peak,” said Colonel Rakesh Jetly, CAF chief psychiatrist, one of his several roles in mental-health leadership. “But cases will continue to come forward for years.” Although VAC does keep track of the number of Afghanistan veterans it serves, “we are unable to provide a financial figure that corresponds to this number,” said VAC spokesperson Emily Gauthier. Just over 40,000 CAF regular and reserve force and RCMP members served in Afghanistan. In 2017-18, VAC served 16,432 Afghanistan veterans, of which 10,551 received disability awards and benefits related to that service, 5,598 with PTSD and 6,732 for mental-health conditions (some veterans are in both categories). That’s up from 8,945 Afghanistan veterans in 2012-13, of which 5,427 were receiving disability benefits and awards. VAC tracks expenditures by program, not by health condition, explained Gauthier. “We track expenditures based on, for example, disability awards, but we do not capture the expenditure associated with the individual mental- or physical-health condition associated with that award…. Many of VAC’s programs have a mental-health component, and…the cost of these components cannot be isolated,” said Gauthier. “It is important to note that regardless of the forecast, every eligible veteran who is entitled to a benefit will be able to take advantage of it, whether 10 or 10,000 veterans come forward,” she said. Nor is the department able to forecast a rise or drop in mental-health costs attributable to service in Afghanistan, since forecasts are also program-based. “VAC does not forecast by specific medical condition such as PTSD,” said Gauthier, nor by special duty area or operation, mission or conflict. While a mental-health component cannot be broken out, the amount spent on disability awards, better known as lump-sum payments, to veterans serving since 2006 rose to $1.62 billion in 2017-2018, from $472.6 million in 2014-15. Again, while not all those payments would be for mental-health concerns, the growth coincides with the time Afghanistan veterans would be reporting them. The 2014 report Mental Health of the Canadian Armed Forces notes that 18.9 per cent of regular force members who deployed to Afghanistan had reported at least one mental-health disorder in the previous year. Adding to the confusion, no one knows how many veterans, undiagnosed or by preference, are soldiering on outside of the military- and veteran-support systems, relying on provincial health programs and personal finances to cover treatment and therapy. The cost of war is devilishly difficult to determine, even in the United States, which has researchers and health economists dedicated to the subject. “The vast scale of military spending…makes it practically impossible for anyone to have a comprehensive understanding of the topic,” wrote Steven Aftergood, director of a Federation of American Scientists project on government secrecy. There is much debate about what to count as a cost of war and how to make projections about future costs. In many countries, veterans’ disability compensation is calculated on severity of the wound, illness or injury and how much of it is related to service. But it is an evolving calculation. Post-traumatic stress injury has only recently been counted as a cost; research now shows that military service exacerbates other health conditions. And now questions are being raised about how much can be attributed to pre-service experiences and even genetic makeup. What is known is that the cost of health care for disabled veterans accumulates for decades after a war. “The evidence from previous wars shows that the cost of caring for war veterans rises for several decades and peaks in 30-40 years or more after a conflict,” wrote Linda J. Bilmes of Harvard University in her 2011 report Current and Projected Future Costs of Caring for [U.S.] Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan War. In the U.S., spending on benefits for First World War veterans peaked in 1965, then began the slow decline as the Great War generation died. The American think tank RAND Corporation’s Invisible Wounds of War report estimated two-year costs for treatment for one U.S. service member with PTSD ranges from $5,904 to $10,298, and for depression from $15,461 to $25,757. A 2012 article in Military Medicine by health economists projected the cost of caring for one veteran with PTSD and depression as US$1.25 million over 50 years—not counting other health problems, and perhaps twice as much for a veteran with traumatic brain injury. North of the border, with a smaller military and smaller pool of researchers, there is much less debate. A Parliamentary Budget Office (PBO)report in 2015 estimated that the cost of providing financial support to Afghanistan veterans would total $157 million between 2015 and 2025, discounting (in part due to lack of data) health care, pharmaceuticals and rehabilitation services. It estimated that providing disability benefits to Canadian combat veterans for a single year of military operations would likely cost $145.2 million over nine years. “However, the costs would continue to accumulate for decades….” Veterans with mental-health issues “typically require greater resources over time than do their peers,” the report said. Research shows that PTSD raises the risk of developing other health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, suicide, depression or substance abuse. It also compounds chronic conditions related to aging. Although they make up only 18 per cent of disabled veterans, said the PBO report, Afghanistan veterans are three times more likely to have a mental-health diagnosis. They are also 20 years younger, on average, than other disabled veterans and will collect benefits longer. The report predicted that by 2017 benefits paid to veterans with mental-health conditions would exceed those of veterans with musculoskeletal conditions. Given all these factors, it may well be impossible to figure out how much mental-health treatment contributes to the cost of war. Former Veterans Ombudsman Guy Parent addressed the issue in his blog in 2014. When allocating funding for the Afghanistan mission, did the government “consider fully the ‘life-cycle’ cost of the mission, including the impact on veterans’ care needs? Allocating the necessary funding to ensure proper rehabilitation and transition to civilian life of the mission’s potential casualties would not only have been a sound investment in veterans, but one that will benefit Canada in the long run,” he said. Veterans’ needs, he said, should be “an integral part of the national security continuum.” Not an afterthought. But prior to Afghanistan, who could have known what the mental costs would be, when recognition of mental-health injuries was so new, and no one could predict, based on data then available, just how many troops were likely to be affected? If the mental-health cost of the Afghanistan war is incalculable, what we do know is this: war leaves a trail lined with gold and etched in pain. If mental health was part of the collateral damage of the Afghanistan War, support for mental-health injury is a collateral benefit. The Canadian Armed Forces now has a much more robust mental-health care system. “Someone once said that one of the few winners in war is medicine,” said CAF chief psychiatrist Colonel Rakesh Jetly. “The First World War gave us plastic surgery. The concept of triage, surgical advances, penicillin, use of blood products and antibiotics, urgent evacuations—all these were from the First World War, the Second Word War, Korea and Vietnam.” The war in Afghanistan spurred improvements in prostheses and amputee care, better ways to treat blood loss and trauma on the battlefield, better understanding of physical brain injury—and wide acceptance of psychological injuries as war wounds. Post-traumatic stress disorder has been a part of military life as long as there have been wars, but it was only given a medical diagnostic description in 1980. After that, thousands of Canadian military personnel—from missions in Somalia, Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia to those who experienced other traumas such as vehicle accidents, sexual assault, recovery of bodies from the crash of Swissair Flight 111—have been diagnosed with PTSD. But it was the military conflicts of the 1990s that made it obvious that military psychological injuries needed to be more fully addressed in Canada. The Croatia Board of Inquiry reported that stress-related injuries were three times higher among deployed personnel than civilians, spurring changes in both the defence and veterans’ affairs departments. Major Stéphane Grenier, himself struggling with post-traumatic stress injury and suicidal thoughts, produced a video in 1998 about the traumatic CAF experiences in Rwanda, where peacekeepers were helpless witnesses to genocide and there was no peace to keep. He was subsequently tasked to explore solutions to address the resulting anguish. In 2001, the year Canada went to war in Afghanistan, Grenier coined the term operational stress injury (OSI). What followed was a seismic shift in the military view of mental health, putting mental injuries on the same footing as physical injuries. OSI encompasses a range of mental conditions, including post-traumatic stress injury, major depression, generalized anxiety, adjustment disorder and addiction. Importantly, the list of causes was expanded to include causes other than exposure to trauma. An OSI is “any persistent psychological difficulty resulting from operational duties performed in the course of military service.” At the turn of the millennium, mental health was not a popular topic of discussion among forces members, although subsequent research showed about half of CAF regular force members meet the criteria for a mental or alcohol disorder at some point in their lives. Acknowledging problems with mental health went against the military ethos of strength, selflessness, self-reliance and stoicism. It’s difficult to seek help when outwardly you appear uninjured, when personal health is not a priority, when experiencing symptoms is interpreted as weakness, and seeking help considered a character flaw. And when you fear that admitting you need help could end your career. Nothing less than a change in culture could end this stigma. Systemic changes included investment in mental-health education and more therapeutic as well as social support for personnel and their families. “We’re creating a culture where soldiers now understand mental health and illness and have tools to self-evaluate themselves. They have training about mental health right from basic training on,” said Jetly. The Road to Mental Readiness training, which began in 2007, familiarizes personnel with the mental-health continuum, which describes behaviours associated with mental-health states ranging through “healthy,” “reacting,” “injured” and “ill.” Each state is assigned a colour on a graphic that is used in presentations, printed on cards handed out to individuals, and viewed online. “Soldiers now talk about themselves being in the yellow range, or green, or red,” said Jetly. “They’ve got self-assessment apps, have learned coping skills, how to help each other. [They know] not to wait until you break to go to the doctor.” In the early 2000s, Grenier fought for the establishment of a peer-support system that would tap into the age-old soldier-helping-soldier tradition. It was recognized that people with OSIs need day-to-day help and support in addition to their weekly or biweekly trips to the psychologist or psychiatrist for treatment and therapy. A nationwide DND/VAC Operational Stress Injury Social Support network was established and now provides support groups, mentoring and one-on-one help. In 2007, family peer co-ordinators were added to provide support and advice to spouses, partners and caregivers. “Years ago, we didn’t think about the psychological impact of the mission the way we do now,” said Jetly, who is the Chair in Military Mental Health at the Canadian Military and Veterans Mental Health Centre of Excellence. “Now we consider the potential psychological impact of missions and think about mental-health supports in theatre.” The Canadian military has turned around its image from the 1990s, known as the Dark Decade for mental health, to gain recognition from NATO allies for its mental-health program. But it’s been slow work. And the work is far from finished. Research in 2018 showed that not all personnel were equally exposed to mental-health education, “an important minority having had no exposure whatsoever.” Continuing research into a variety of mental-health conditions, including PTSD and traumatic brain injury, has provided a list of evidence-based treatments and therapies, but a significant minority of patients have found no relief. Although diagnosis criteria for PTSD has existed since 1980, “not a single drug has been developed specifically for PTSD,” said Jetly. “Now we’re looking into the biological underpinnings of these illnesses to understand what’s happening in the body,” he said. “I say body specifically because we know now these mental illnesses are whole-body diseases. We know people with PTSD have more joint pain; we’re trying to understand what’s happening with inflammation in the body, in the immune system. “We want to match people with the right therapies, whether it’s psychotherapies or medication, without the trial and error that we seem to go through.” There is still much left to learn. In future, it may be possible to break down PTSD into different stages or types, then give people treatment and therapy based on their specific type of disorder. “Instead of one-size-fits-all, ideally, we would have precision medicine, personalized medicine.” It is crucial that the CAF continue enhancing its mental-health programs, Pierre Daigle, then military ombudsman, said in 2013, because “OSIs are an intrinsic component of modern military operations.” PREVIOUS ARTICLEHomeless veterans project takes shape NEXT ARTICLEClass action launched against Ste-Anne’s Hospital	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line881
__label__wiki	0.582877	0.582877	← Oma and the Rosenstrasse Protests The Joy of Tithes → Posted on July 26, 2019 by lifelinesresearch In a previous life, when I worked for The National Archives, I was actively involved in planning and delivering the launch of the 1901 and 1911 censuses for England & Wales. Now, I’m delighted to announce my involvement in the release of a brand new online census resource. OK, it’s probably not going to have as big an impact as the forthcoming release of the 1921 census for England and Wales (due on 2 January 2022) but this one’s 100 years older, so it’s clearly 100 years better… This is the story of how, against the odds, a copy of the 1821 census returns for the Orkney parish of South Ronaldsay & Burray survived and, after lying in my distant cousin’s kitchen drawer for over 50 years, was eventually deposited in the Orkney Library & Archive. The whole of the census, listing the names, ages, addresses and, in many cases, the occupations of the 2227 inhabitants of South Ronaldsay & Burray can now be searched and viewed (free of charge) on the Findmypast website. At the time of the 1821 census, Peter Nicholson McLaren, was the Parochial Schoolmaster of South Ronaldsay, Orkney’s southernmost island parish. As the enumerator, it was his responsibility to make an accurate count of the number of people living in South Ronaldsay, Burray, Swona and the Pentland Skerries on the night of 28 May 1821 – just as hundreds of enumerators the length and breadth of Great Britain were doing for their own districts. This was the third decennial census to have been taken in the United Kingdom, following those in 1801 and 1811. Each successive census asked more detailed questions, as the government sought to gather information about the UK’s growing population but there was no requirement to list the names of the inhabitants in this census and there wouldn’t be for another twenty years. However, for one reason or another, a number of conscientious enumerators decided to make full lists of the names, ages and occupations of the people living in their districts and we are fortunate not only that South Ronaldsay’s schoolmaster was one of these, but also that the fruits of his labours have survived to the present day. I first saw South Ronaldsay’s 1821 census document in the early 1980s when I visited Orkney and met my cousin Sandy (Alexander Taylor Annal). I say “cousin” but it is a distant relationship, our common ancestor William Annal having been born around 1750. I only got a fleeting glance at the document on that visit but Sandy was kind enough to supply me with a photocopy of the whole census which I then spent hours poring over, transcribing and indexing after returning to England. Although I consulted the census frequently over the next twenty years and found much useful information in it about my South Ronaldsay ancestors, I didn’t really give a great deal of thought to the origins of the document itself, or to the story of how it had survived for over a hundred and sixty years and now came to be in Sandy’s possession. There was, however, one problem to overcome. My photocopy of the census had a page missing and since my dad (Eric Annal) was due to visit Orkney in July 2004 and would be paying a visit to Sandy, I asked if he could somehow get me a copy of the missing page. One evening, a few days after my dad’s arrival in Kirkwall, I got a phone call to say that his mission had been accomplished – not only had he been able to get a good photocopy of the page but Sandy had actually allowed him to borrow the document. And this was where the story of the 1821 census of South Ronaldsay took an unexpected twist. As far as I am aware, my dad was the first person for years, probably decades, to have been given unrestricted access to the document. And it was this freedom to peruse the volume at leisure that enabled him to consider it in a critical light. I had known from my own photocopy that the original was written on what appeared to be an accountant’s ledger. Indeed, the first three pages of my copy consisted of accounts dating from the 1860’s and 1870’s and Sandy had annotated it with the words, “This cover page is a shop keeper’s credit notes (using spare pages in our census book).” As my dad looked closer at the document he began to develop a theory that the census had in fact been written onto spare pages in the shop keeper’s book and not the other way round. He also noticed that the handwriting on the accounts pages and the census pages appeared to be identical! He then came across a note on the ‘History of the Manuscript’ written by Sandy at the end of the census, which reads as follows: “This copy of the 1821 census was in the Post Office at Quoys shop kept by Mr Thomson from 1821 until 1923[1] when William Thomson his Grandson[2] died app age 57 leaving his widow and one daughter. Alex T Annal of Stensigarth retrieved this book from a bonfire – it is the only record of its kind in existence. Signed by his son – Alexander Taylor Annal – 1997 at the age of 90 years.” This was clearly something that required further research; who was Mr Thomson and how did the census come to be in the possession of a shop keeper? A few days later my dad was in St Margaret’s Hope talking to a local historian, George Esson, when George showed him a copy of ‘Church Life in South Ronaldshay and Burray’ by Rev. J B Craven[3]. As he looked at the dedication in the book, the following words jumped out at him; TO THE MEMORY JAMES THOMSON OF QUOYS, OUR WARM-HEARTED FRIEND, AN ACCOMPLISHED ANTIQUARY, EVER HELPFUL, SINCERE AND TRUE. So, was this our Mr Thomson? If so, he was obviously a bit more than just a shopkeeper. Research into various South Ronaldsay sources provided some basic information about this James Thomson. He was born at Quoys in the South Parish of South Ronaldsay, the son of Donald Thomson, a farmer, and his wife Ann (née Gray) who were married in South Ronaldsay on 22 February 1809. James was baptised on 10 October 1819 and is found in the census returns for 1821 aged 1. Later censuses provided the following details about James Thomson: 1841 Quoys 20* Shopkeeper * ages were rounded down to the nearest 5 1851 Quoys 31 Merchant 1861 Quoys No.3 41 Grocer 1871 West Quoys 51 Merchant 1891 Quoys 71 General Merchant This is clear evidence that James Thomson was working as a merchant/shop keeper at the time the accounts in the ‘census book’ were written. Sandy’s story places the document in the possession of this family. The logical conclusion must therefore be that the account book belonged to James. The evidence of the handwriting suggests that James was also the ‘author’ of the census returns themselves – not that he compiled the original data (he was, after all, some five months short of his second birthday at the time!) but rather that at some time, probably in the 1880’s, he copied the details of the census from a document which probably no longer exists into his old account book. Before we move on to look at why James Thomson might have done such a thing there are a few more important pieces of evidence to consider. We know that the original enumeration was carried out by the schoolmaster, Peter Nicholson McLaren. As we have already seen, the government did not require official returns of names, ages and occupations so there were no pre-printed forms available for McLaren to enter all the details on. He evidently decided that he wanted to record these details and as a schoolmaster he would presumably have had access to a large selection of notebooks – so why would he choose to use a shop keeper’s account book? Most important of all why would he start writing some distance into the book – the first census page is numbered 23! It’s clear to me that what we’re dealing with is not the 1821 original but a transcription in a shop keeper’s account book which was no longer required for its original purpose and that the handwriting is that of Thomson and not McLaren. Further research revealed that James Thomson died on 21 October 1900 leaving a substantial will[4]. However, the most crucial discovery was that of a letter written by Thomson to John Gray of Roeberry on 20 May 1870[5]. I am enormously grateful for the assistance of Sarah Jane Grieve and Alison Fraser of the Orkney Library and Archive who were able to uncover this vital document as well as offering my dad support and advice. The letter, which is signed by James Thomson of Quoys confirmed two things; first of all that James Thomson had an interest in the people and history of South Ronaldsay and secondly that the handwriting in the 1821 census was undoubtedly Thomson’s. A comparison of the two documents leaves little room for doubt on this matter. Letter from James Thomson of Quoys to John Gray of Roeberry, 20 May 1870. Orkney Archives ref: D33/1/22/29 Detail from the 1821 census of South Ronaldsay, showing the Gray family of Roeberry The final proof that we were on to something significant was the discovery of a lengthy obituary in The Orcadian, covering nearly two whole columns of the broadsheet newspaper[6]. The obituary concentrates on James’s spiritual life and in particular, his involvement with the Free Church in South Ronaldsay which was clearly a very significant part of his life. The ‘obituary’ is in fact a transcript of the sermon preached by the Reverend Alex Goodfellow, minister of the United Free Church in South Ronaldsay, at James Thomson’s funeral service. In it he stated that; He has been with us from the beginning – since the Free Church was started in 1870. And but for him there might have been no Free Church in this island. He undoubtedly was the main mover… In ‘The Soul of an Orkney Parish’ there is a short section about the Free Church which includes the following paragraph: In the official records of the Free Church, reference is made to Mr. James Thomson of Quoys, who assisted the Church early in his life, and continued to collect for its Sustentation Fund until he was well into his eightieth year[7]. Interesting as this may be, it didn’t give us any further clues about Thomson’s possible involvement with the census. However, the ‘obituary’ also provides a fascinating insight into areas of his life which are of more concern to us here; Let me tell you something more about the life and history of this remarkable and memorable man of God, for undoubtedly he was “above many” if not above all in this island. He has not left his life behind him. His figure and personality were outstanding, for in bodily presence he was neither weak nor contemptible, while his mind was active and vigorous, and his memory was prodigious. His general knowledge was very great, for from his youth up, he was a devourer of books and papers, and all kinds of information. Many, after meeting with him, have declared that he was a “walking encyclopaedia.” All who wished to know about the antiquities of these islands, about the ministers of past and present generations, about the old family histories, and curious stories of bye-gone days, would apply to Mr Thomson. A self-taught man, and one who did not seek after great things, for he was contented to stand behind the counter and to be familiarly known as “the merchant.” He has not written a book, but he has spoken volumes. His shop for long was like a public reading room, and then he was in his element, pouring forth all the news of the political, religious and social world. Now this was more like it! Surely ‘the merchant’ is a very likely character to have been responsible for transcribing the 1821 census and surely this is as close to absolute proof as we will ever get that Sandy Annal was the proud owner of a document written by James Thomson of Quoys in the 1880’s and not the 1821 original. I am personally convinced that this is the case. It does nothing to devalue the document in any way. If anything it makes it more interesting, giving it a human touch which is normally lacking in documents like this. Nor is there any reason to believe that it is anything other than an accurate transcript of the original – and remember that this has probably long since disappeared. Without the efforts of James Thomson, his son William Alexander Thomson and two generations of the Annal family, the information would have been lost forever and those of us with an interest in the history of South Ronaldsay would have been robbed of one the most important documents the island has ever produced. Following Sandy Annal’s death in January 2007, his copy of the 1821 Census of South Ronaldsay was deposited in the Orkney Library & Archive “on permanent loan, in Memory of Sandy Annal and on condition that the manuscript remains in Orkney.” The 1821 census returns for South Ronaldsay, along with an enormous amount of useful genealogical data relating to the parish and its inhabitants can also be found online on SouthRonaldsay.net © David Annal, 26 July 2019 [1] William Thomson died on 19 May 1922 (Death Certificate of William Alexander Thomson, GRO-Scotland Ref. 1922, South Ronaldsay 29/21) [2] William was the son of James Thomson not his grandson (Birth Certificate of William Alexander Thomson, GRO-Scotland, Ref. 1863, South Ronaldsay 29/30) [3] Church Life in South Ronaldshay and Burray by Rev J B Craven, D.D. (Kirkwall, 1911) [4] Testament of James Thomson of Quoys, Kirkwall 29 December 1900. Orkney Library and Archive ref. SC11/38/16 [5] Letter from James Thomson of Quoys to John Gray of Roeberry (20 May 1870). Orkney Library and Archive ref. D33/1/22/29 [6] The Orcadian, Saturday November 3 1900, p.5 columns 4 & 5 [7] The Soul of an Orkney Parish by Stuart D B Picken (Kirkwall, 1972), p.102 This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged 1821, census, family history, Findmypast, orkney, orkney archive, orkney library, research, South Ronaldsay. Bookmark the permalink.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line883
__label__cc	0.715093	0.284907	Glasgow Day Trips Europe, Glasgow, Glasgow Day Trips, Scotland, UK 4 Easy Hill Walks for Beginners near Glasgow I love hill walks but I’m a total unfit beginner. I was desperate to ‘bag’ some of Scotland’s famous munros, but the truth is, I am unfit and unprepared to take on such a big climb. You hear of some of these horror stories of young people underestimating the complexity of Scotland’s landscape, and going out for a hike with only shorts and a mobile phone. (Or that one guy who needed rescuing after climbing Snowdonia in his undies!!). Destinations, Europe, Scotland, UK Fortmartine & Buchan Way: Walking Udny Station to Newmacher I spent a week in Inverurie in Aberdeenshire this winter. With my last break from work in September, I was determined to get outside as much as possible, despite staying in a beautiful cottage with a hot tub. This meant finding local walking routes to take advantage of – Udny Station to Newmacher. Visiting The National Museum of Flight in East Fortune Being an Aviation Geek, I knew I wanted to spend my birthday at the Museum of Flight in Scotland in East Fortune. I had never heard of such a place until I came across a photo on social media and knew instantly I had to experience it for myself. Europe, Glasgow Day Trips, Scotland, UK Brig O’Turk’s Hidden Walking Trail: Glen Finglas Reservoir Brig O’Turk is a small rural village situated between Callander / Loch Vanachar and Loch Achray (Duke’s Pass) in the Trossachs National Park; it offers a gateway into a relatively easy walking route around Glen Finglas Reservoir. Exploring The Castles & History of Mugdock Country Park Mugdock Country Park has absolutely everything you would want in a park: walking trails, wildlife, a pond, a loch, castles, kids play park, bike hire and an amazing cafe with homemade food. But best of all, Mugdock has history. Glasgow Day Trips, Scotland, UK Arthur’s Seat: Climbing Edinburgh’s Extinct Volcano Arthur’s Seat sits at 251m in height and overlooks the new and old town of Edinburgh, including Edinburgh Castle! The hill is located down the south-east of the city, to the east of the Royal Mile and overlooking Holyrood Park. However, it boasts 360 degree views of the city. Exploring the History of New Lanark World Heritage Site After spending quite a bit of the summer travelling to Germany and Croatia, I was finally happy to get back on track and exploring Scotland again. I was kindly invited to explore the New Lanark World Heritage Site and discover the cotton mills and learn about life in the village for those worked and lived their during its prime. A Beginners Guide to Loch Lomond Loch Lomond. My first true love! If you don’t know, Loch Lomond & Trossachs is a national park in Scotland. However, this post will focus on only one aspect of the park – the water itself, Loch Lomond. Since I was young, we’ve always visited the shores of Loch Lomond for summer day trips and winter road trips. It’s not particularly a secret, but I wanted to make it as simple as possible for you to plan your trip, too. Loch Lomond is a fresh water loch and is the greatest inland stretch of water in Britain based on its surface area. Below I’ve split the Loch into East and West to make your trip as straightforward as possible. Doune Castle: Exploring the Monty Python Castle Doune Castle has become famous in the last few years for its role as the notorious Outlander, Game of Thrones and Monty Python Castle. However, it has a great history behind it as well. Doune Castle is located just northwest of Stirling and only three miles west of Dunblane in Scotland. It was built in the fourteenth century by Robert, Duke of Albany who, I learned from my visit, wasn’t afraid to spend some cash. The Devils Pulpit & How to Get There I would like to say it was another sunny day that prompted us to try to find The Devil’s Pulpit, but in fact it was cold and rainy when we went. Located just 30 minutes from Glasgow, the pulpit is a hidden gorge just off of the A809 Stockiemuir Road. Hello! I'm Emma! I use this blog as my creative space to showcase my travels at home and abroad - hopefully through some great written content and photography! Archives Select Month October 2019 July 2019 April 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 March 2018 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 August 2015 A Local Food Tour of Krakow’s Old Town Climbing Conic Hill Travelling Mistakes: Stuck at the Malaysian Border A Weekend Spent Wandering Around the Yorkshire Dales Photo Diary: 24 Hours on The Phi Phi Islands 48 Hours Exploring Loch Lomond Life of Gibbers	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line884
__label__wiki	0.901956	0.901956	Young Vito is the face of local rap’s future Erich assumes the persona and title of Vito onstage, presenting his own version of local hip hop. By: Adrian Andag Silva 05:23 AM November 03, 2018 Visit us on Instagram To be You; Facebook: To be You; e-mail [email protected] When Kanye West said, “Rap is the new rock ‘n’ roll,” he couldn’t be closer to the truth. Since its birth in the 1970s and emergence as pop-culture phenomenon, hip-hop has continuously spawned countless artists all eager to grab the mic and rap their verses to an ever-growing audience. Let’s not even talk about rap superstars like Eminem and Kendrick Lamar. Visit music and podcast streaming site Soundcloud to have an idea of the explosion of hip-hop artists and the music’s influence on the youth, including Filipinos. Erich Gabriel Bongon, aka Young Vito, is a good example. He burst onto the local hip-hop scene with a video, “Trash Freestyle,” a showcase of his improvisational skills. The video drew over 22,000 views on Twitter and reached as far as southern Mindanao. Young Vito says he would rather depict the brighter side of life in his music. Erich looks at rap as a means to reach an audience that can relate to a single topic even if they are in very different situations. He doesn’t mind being a role model of meaningful acts. Aside from music, he excels in academics, being a consistent honor student. In sports, he’s a 1st dan black belt in taekwondo and member of the San Beda College Alabang football team; and in literature, he’s written an award-winning spoken-word piece, “Pulbura.” He’s also studying at the Philippine Air Transport and Training Services College of Aeronautics where he’s also an officer in the school’s Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics Society. “If you ever get caught up in your work too much, take a break and remember to live.” Onstage, he transforms into Vito with his signature colorful bandana and street-smart attitude. The name Vito is from Don Vito Corleone, the patriarch character in “The Godfather” films. “In his own way, Vito Corleone was intelligent, calm and brave,” Erich says, adding that, like Don Vito, he values family over anything else. But unlike the subject of “The Godfather,” Young Vito’s music depicts the brighter side of life: brotherhood, love, confidence. Rap, he says, does not always have to be about drugs, booze and women: “It can be used to spread a good message.” Examples are two of his songs, “4 The Boys” and “Driving Solo,” posted on his Soundcloud account, youngvito1700. Young Vito developed his own style after learning from his idols Big Sean, Eminem and Mac Miller. In the Philippines, he looks up to Curtismith. Lately he has been doing all sorts of gigs, including parties and store openings. He has also modeled for local streetwear brand Indelibly Kindred, and has written and performed for its music video. He is developing the concept for an album and putting his songs on Spotify. He gives credit to his family and close friends for motivating him to achieve his goals. “Why stop? Keep going as long as you love what you’re doing,” he says. “But if you ever get caught up in your work too much, take a break and remember to live.” From all indications, rap music is here to stay, and its future looks bright. The music industry will benefit from the diversity and innovations of artists like Young Vito. Photography Shoun Nicholas David Styling Luis Mendoza fashionForever 21Pinoy raprapVito lsanjuan What Taal’s fury is doing to our health Previous Man survives after being shot by own dog Next My friend, Doña Victorina	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line885
__label__cc	0.52845	0.47155	Youth, a Narrative By Joseph Conrad An autobiographical short story written in 1898 and included as the first story in the 1902 volume Youth, a Narrative, and Two Other Stories. This volume also includes Heart of Darkness and The End of the Tether, which are concerned with maturity and old age, respectively. "Youth" is narrated by Charles Marlow who is also the narrator of Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim and Chance. Youth depicts his first journey to the East." More by Joseph Conrad 50 Masterpieces you have to read before you die - Volume 1 (Beelzebub Classics) Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Aldous Huxley, Jane Austen, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, E. E. Cummings, Alexandre Dumas, Joseph Conrad, Lewis Carroll, Charles Dickens, Emily Brontë, Charlotte Brontë, Jack London, Arthur Conan Doyle, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Victor Hugo & E. M. Forster 50 Classic Books, Vol. 1 Jules Verne, Arthur Conan Doyle, George Allan England, Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Robert Louis Stevenson, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Joseph Conrad, Leo Tolstoy & Thomas Hardy The N****r Of The "Narcissus" Heart of Darkness Audio Edition Tales of Unrest Nostromo, a Tale of the Seaboard The Book Center 100 Masterpieces Collection Lewis Carroll, Emily Brontë, Victor Hugo, Edgar Rice Burroughs, E. M. Forster, Joseph Conrad, Homer, Aldous Huxley, Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, Alexandre Dumas, E. E. Cummings & H.P. Lovecraft The Shadow Line; a confession 100 Greatest Classic Books of All Time III Jane Austen, Jules Verne, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Conrad, James Joyce, Kate Chopin, L. Frank Baum, L.M. Montgomery, Leo Tolstoy, Lewis Carroll, Louisa May Alcott, Mark Twain & Mary Shelley Joseph Conrad's Collection [ 31 Books ] Twixt Land and Sea Within the Tides Almayer's Folly: a story of an Eastern river Notes on Life and Letters A Set of Six Joseph Conrad: The Complete Novels and Novellas + A Biography of the Author (Book House Publishing) 50 Masterpieces you have to read before you die vol: 1 (Kathartika™ Classics) Joseph Conrad, D. H. Lawrence, George Eliot, Leo Tolstoy, James Joyce, Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, Bram Stoker, Oscar Wilde, Louisa May Alcott, Honoré de Balzac, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Anne Brontë, Charlotte Brontë, Emily Brontë, Lewis Carroll, Willa Cather, Miguel de Cervantes, E. E. Cummings, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Daniel Defoe, Arthur Conan Doyle, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Henry James & Hugo Joseph Conrad & Ford Madox Hueffer To-morrow Tales Of Hearsay 50 Masterpieces you have to read before you die Frances Burnett, Homer, Charles Dickens, L. Frank Baum, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Thomas Hardy, Robert Louis Stevenson, Henry Haggard, Wilkie Collins, Herbert Wells, Walter Scott, L.M. Montgomery, Louisa May Alcott, Henry Fielding, Mary Shelley, Arthur Conan Doyle, Herman Melville, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Aleksandr Pushkin, James Fenimore Cooper, Daniel Defoe, Joseph Conrad, Jonathan Swift, William Shakespeare, Mark Twain, Oscar Wilde, John Bunyan, Charles Darwin, Alfred Tennyson, Bram Stoker, James Joyce, Dante Alighieri, Jane Austen & Emily Brontë 100 Eternal Masterpieces of Literature - volume 1 Charles Dickens, Anne Brontë, Charlotte Brontë, Emily Brontë, Jane Austen, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Lewis Carroll, Miguel de Cervantes, Joseph Conrad, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Arthur Conan Doyle, Alexandre Dumas, George Eliot, Aldous Huxley, Gustave Flaubert, Hugo, Homer, E. M. Forster, Louisa May Alcott, Honoré de Balzac, Henri Barbusse, Theodore Dreiser & Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Notes on My Books Heart of Darkness (Fourth Edition) (Norton Critical Editions) Copyright © 2020 Lightning Book Promotions.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line886
__label__cc	0.680436	0.319564	Digital Preservation Metadata and Improvements to PREMIS in Version 3.0 A DCMI/ASIST Joint Webinar :: Presenter: Angela Dappert :: Date: Wednesday, 27 May 2015 :: Time: 10:00am - 11:15am EDT (World Clock: 14:00 UTC http://bit.ly/Webinar-Dappert) :: Registration: http://dublincore.org/resources/training/#2015dappert ABOUT THE WEBINAR: The PREMIS Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata is the international standard for metadata to support the preservation of digital objects and ensure their long-term usability. Developed by an international team of experts, PREMIS is implemented in digital preservation projects around the world, and support for PREMIS is incorporated into a number of commercial and open-source digital preservation tools and systems. The PREMIS Editorial Committee coordinates revisions and implementation of the standard, which consists of the Data Dictionary, an XML schema, and supporting documentation. The PREMIS Data Dictionary is currently in version 2.2. A new major release 3.0 is due out this summer. This webinar gives a brief overview of why digital preservation metadata is needed, shows examples of digital preservation metadata, shows how PREMIS can be used to capture this metadata, and illustrates some of the changes that will be available in version 3.0. Dr. Angela Dappert is Senior Research Fellow at the University of Portsmouth. She has widely researched and published on digital preservation. She has consulted for archives and libraries on digital life cycle management and policies, led and conducted research in the EU-co-funded Planets, Scape, TIMBUS, and E-ARK projects, and applied digital preservation practice at the British Library through work on digital repository implementation, digital metadata standards, digital asset registration, digital asset ingest, preservation risk assessment, planning and characterization, and data carrier stabilization. Angela holds a Ph.D. in Digital Preservation, an M.Sc. in Medical Informatics and an M.Sc. in Computer Sciences. She serves on the PREMIS Editorial Committee and the Digital Preservation Programme Board of National Records Scotland. For more information and to register, visit the event webpage: http://dublincore.org/resources/training/#2015dappert To unsubscribe from the DLF-ANNOUNCE list, click the following link: http://lists.clir.org/scripts/wa-CLIR.exe?SUBED1=DLF-ANNOUNCE&A=1	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line887
__label__wiki	0.800527	0.800527	Venues offer ice skating galore Locals have lots of options to enjoy this winter Christy Steadman csteadman@coloradocommunitymedia.com Ice skating is kind of like riding a bike. After you’ve done it once, it’s easy to pick it up again. “It’s a sport that lets you go at your own pace and excel at your own pace,” said Joann … Mylana Brooks and Inessa Brooks ice skate at The Rink at Belmar. The rink is open for public skating until Jan. 26. Joseph Rios Skaters of all experience levels enjoy the Rink at the Rock, from those who held on to the wall to those who sprinted as fast as they could. Jessica Gibbs Kids from South Suburban’s ice skating programs take a break from lessons to glide with their friends. The South Suburban Ice Arena in Centennial is an indoor ice skating rink that is open to the public year-round. Ice skating is kind of like riding a bike. After you’ve done it once, it’s easy to pick it up again. “It’s a sport that lets you go at your own pace and excel at your own pace,” said Joann Cortéz, communications director for Hyland Hills Park and Recreation District. And because of that, Cortéz added, people look to ice skating as an activity to do alone, with your best friend or as part of a large group, but also for something unique to do on a date night or to create fun family memories. Simply, people enjoy “the freedom of getting on the ice,” Cortéz said. The Denver metro area offers a number of ice-skating options — outdoor rinks open during the winter months and year-round skating at indoor rinks. With its three sheets of ice, the Ice Centre At the Promenade is the “largest publicly owned ice-skating facility west of the Mississippi,” Cortéz said. It is jointly owned by Hyland Hills and the city of Westminster. There are always fun activities going on, Cortéz said, such as superhero night or celebrating National Popcorn Day. And because it’s an indoor rink, it draws people, “no matter what the weather is like outside,” Cortéz said. The Ice Ranch in Littleton — a privately owned and operated facility that caters to its clientele of local hockey leagues, associations and high schools — is also open year-round. However, it only offers limited public skate days and hours, especially during hockey season. A popular reason to visit this ice-skating facility is to catch a hockey game, all of which are open to the public. “Hockey is an exciting sport for spectators,” said Terry Ott, general manager of The Ice Ranch. People typically enjoy watching hockey for the physical element of it and because it’s fast-paced, Ott said. The Ice Ranch boasts two full-size National Hockey League rinks — one accommodates seating for a crowd of 120, and the other can seat 230 spectators — but people also like that the facility has a bar and grill/restaurant, and a coffee shop. For those who are looking to get involved with hockey, The Ice Ranch offers educational programming, such as learn-to-skate or hockey development, and a variety of clinics and camps. One longtime popular outdoor skating rink is Evergreen Lake. However, because of a bridge construction project, this rink is not yet open for the 2019-2020 season. But also in Jefferson County, people can head to Belmar in Lakewood. The Rink At Belmar is a 7,000-square-foot outdoor ice rink. Something that people particularly enjoy about The Rink At Belmar is the additional attractions the Belmar Plaza offers, said Janelle Hinton, marketing director for Belmar in Lakewood. These include a movie theater, dining options and shopping. Ice skating “creates beautiful memories,” Hinton said. And part of the attraction of an outdoor rink includes the weather, Hinton said, adding that sometimes, the colder the weather, the more people who come to skate. “Ice skating is a historical sport,” Hinton said. “And it’s a Colorado sport, for sure.” PRINZOC LITTLETON LLC	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line889
__label__wiki	0.880627	0.880627	Home Schools GG students to perform Disney Musicals GG students to perform Disney Musicals OCN Staff Dozens of Garden Grove Unified School District students from five elementary schools are preparing to take the stage to perform some of their favorite Disney musicals thanks to a grant-funded partnership with the Segerstrom Center for the Arts and Disney Musicals in Schools. This marks the third year that district schools have been selected to participate in the multi-year program which provides teaching artists the first year, as well as free materials, and licensing each year after. Eisenhower and Hill elementary schools are in the third year of the program, Stanley and Allen elementary schools are in the second year and Riverdale Elementary School is kicking off its first year. The Disney Musicals in Schools performance schedule is as follows: —Eisenhower Elementary School students will perform Cinderella on March 8, March 9 and March 10 at 6 p.m. and March 11 at 1 p.m. —Stanley Elementary School will perform Aladdin on March 8, March 9, and March 10 at 6 p.m. and March 11 at 4 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. —Hill Elementary Schools students will perform Cinderella on April 5 at 5 p.m. and 7 p.m. —Riverdale Elementary School students will perform The Jungle Book on March 9 and March 10 at 6:30 p.m. and on March 11 at 11 a.m. As a first-year participant, Riverdale Elementary School students will participate in a shared performance with other schools from Orange County on March 13 at the Segerstrom Center for the Performing Arts. Allen has already performed. Tickets for all performances at district schools are $5. Contact the school for additional information. Media who wish to attend can contact Abby Milone at 714-663-6503 or amilone@ggusd.us. Previous articleSeniors to celebrate St. Patrick’s Day Next articleHelp for the homeless is here! School supplies donated to 3 campuses GG schools honored for excellence Students make most of summer E-sports stars head to CIF tourney Spelling champ doesn’t let adolescence stop him	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line892
__label__wiki	0.799492	0.799492	274 U.S. 112 - Louis Pizitz Dry Goods Co v. Yeldell 274 US 112 Louis Pizitz Dry Goods Co v. Yeldell 47 S.Ct. 509 71 L.Ed. 952 LOUIS PIZITZ DRY GOODS CO., Inc., YELDELL. Argued Feb. 25, 28, 1927. Decided April 11, 1927. Mr. Joseph P. Mudd, of Birmingham, Ala., for plaintiff in error. Mr. Benjamin F. Ray, of Birmingham, Ala., for defendant in error. Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court. Defendant in error, an administrator, brought suit in the circuit court of Jefferson County, Alabama, to recover for the wrongful death of his intestate, caused by the negligent operation of an elevator by an employee of plaintiff in error in its department store. The action was founded upon the so-called Homicide Act of Alabama (section 5696, Code of 1923) printed in the margin.1 This statute authorizes the recovery of damages from either a principal or an agent, in such amount as the jury may assess, for wrongful act or negligence causing death. The jury returned a verdict of $9,500 and judgment for that amount was affirmed on appeal. 213 Ala. 222, 104 So. 526. The case comes here on writ of error. Judicial Code, § 237, as amended (Comp. St. § 1214). Plaintiff in error does not deny its liability for the negligent act of its employee. But it calls attention to the fact that the Homicide Act imposing liability upon the employer for death resulting from the wrongful acts, omissions or negligence of its employees, as interpreted by the state courts, permits the jury, as in this case, to assess punitive damages against the employer for the mere negligence of its employee. Richmond & Danville R. R. v. Freeman, 97 Ala. 289, 11 So. 800. A statute which so authorizes the mulcting of the employer, it is argued, is 'unreasonably oppressive, arbitrary, unjust, violative of the fundamental conceptions of fair play, and, therefore, repugnant to the Fourteenth Amendment.' The legislation now challenged has been on the statute books of Alabama in essentially its present form since 1872. The liability imposed is for tortious acts resulting in death, but the damages, which may be punitive even though the act complained of involved no element of recklessness, malice, or willfulness, may be assessed against the employer who, as here, is personally without fault. The Supreme Court of Alabama has repeatedly ruled that the statute is aimed at the prevention of death by wrongful act or omission. Savannah & Memphis R. R. v. Shearer, 58 Ala. 672, 680; South and North Alabama R. R. v. Sullivan, 59 Ala. 272, 279. 'The statute is remedial, and not penal, and was designed as well to give a right of action where none existed before, as to 'prevent homicides,' and the action given is purely civil in its nature for the redress of private, and not public wrongs.' Southern Ry. v. Bush, 122 Ala. 470, 489, 26 So. 168, 174. In defining the scope of the act, the state court has pointed out that the extent of the culpability and the amount of the verdict are for the jury and that its finding is not to be disturbed unless the verdict is 'induced or reached on account of prejudice, passion, or other improper motive or cause.' Mobile Electric Co. v. Fritz, 200 Ala. 692, 693, 77 So. 235, 236. The case was argued here on the assumption that its scope was thus limited and we so interpret the statute. Its constitutionality has been upheld by both state and federal courts. Richmond & Danville R. R. v. Freeman, supra; U. S. Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Co. v. Sullivan (C. C. A.) 3 F.(2d) 794. The objections now urged to a new form of vicarious liability were considered and rejected in the Workmen's Compensation cases (New York Central R. R. v. White, 243 U. S. 188, 37 S. Ct. 247, 61 L. Ed. 667, L. R. A. 1917D, 1, Ann. Cas. 1917D, 629; Mountain Timber Co. v. Washington, 243 U. S. 219, 37 S. Ct. 260, 61 L. Ed. 685, Ann. Cas. 1917D, 642), as they must be rejected here. The extension of the doctrine of liability without fault to new situations to attain a permissible legislative object is not so novel in the law or so shocking 'to reason or to conscience' as to afford in itself any ground for the contention that it denies due process of law. The principle of respondeat superior itself and the rule of liability of corporations for the willful torts of their employees extended in some jurisdictions, without legislative sanction, to liability for punitive damages (Boyer & Co. v. Coxen, 92 Md. 366, 48 A. 161; Hanson v. E. & N. A. R. R., 62 Me. 84, 16 Am. Rep. 404; Jeffersonville R. R. v. Rogers, 38 Ind. 116, 10 Am. Rep. 103; Atlantic & Great West. Ry. v. Dunn, 19 Ohio St. 162, 2 Am. Rep. 382. See Jefferson County Savings Bank v. Eborn, 84 Ala. 529, 534, 4 So. 386. Contra, Lake Shore Ry. v. Prentice, 147 U. S. 101, 13 S. Ct. 261, 37 L. Ed. 97), are recognitions by the common law that the imposition of liability without personal fault, having its foundation in a recognized public policy, is not repugnant to accepted notions of due process of law. No constitutional question was presented in Lake Shore Ry. v. Prentice, supra, and this court thus was free to choose as between these conflicting common law rules the one which it thought most appropriate. Lord Campbell's Act and its successors, establishing liability for wrongful death where none existed before, the various Workmen's Compensation Acts imposing new types of liability, are familiar examples of the legislative creation of new rights and duties for the prevention of wrong or for satisfying social and economic needs. Their constitutionality may not be successfully challenged merely because a change in the common law is effected. As interpreted by the state court, the aim of the present statute is to strike at the evil of the negligent destruction of human life by imposing liability, regardless of fault, upon those who are in some substantial measure in a position to prevent it. We cannot say that it is beyond the power of a Legislature, in effecting such a change in common law rules, to attempt to preserve human life by making homicide expensive. It may impose an extraordinary liability such as the present, not only upon those at fault but upon those who, although not directly culpable, are able nevertheless, in the management of their affairs, to guard substantially against the evil to be prevented. See St. Louis Iron Mountain & S. Ry. v. Taylor, 210 U. S. 381, 28 S. Ct. 616, 52 L. Ed. 1061; Texas & Pacific Ry. v. Rigsby, 241 U. S. 33, 43, 36 S. Ct. 482, 60 L. Ed. 874; Wilmington Mining Co. v. Fulton, 205 U. S. 60, 27 S. Ct. 412, 51 L. Ed. 708; cf. Van Oster v. Kansas, 272 U. S. 465, 47 S. Ct. 133, 71 L. Ed. 354, 47 A. L. R. 1044. Or it may impose on the business or enterprise in which such loss of life occurs the economic burden of the protective measure adopted (New York Central R. R. v. White, supra; Second Employers' Liability Cases, 223 U. S. 1, 32 S. Ct. 169, 56 L. Ed. 327, 38 L. R. A. (N. S.) 44), or return to and substitute the common-law method of permitting the jury to fix the amount of recovery, at least to the extent of an exercise of its reasonable judgment, for the present-day method of weighing and measuring the value of human life. The distinction between punitive and compensatory damages is a modern refinement. The first use of the term 'exemplary damages' is ascribed to Lord Camden in Huckle v. Money, 2 Wils. 205. See Sedgwick, Damages, § 348. Although sporadic instances of new trials being ordered because the verdict was excessive may be found in the early common law (see Wood v. Gunston, Style, 466; Chambers v. Robinson, 2 Stra. 691), it was not until much later that the formal practice developed (Duberley v. Gunning, 4 T. R. 654; Wilford v. Berkeley, 1 Burr, 610; Mayne, Damages, 691), and the fixed rules of damages evolved. 'A personal representative may maintain an action, and recover such damages as the jury may assess in a court of competent jurisdiction within the state of Alabama, and not elsewhere, for the wrongful act, omission, or negligence of any person or persons, or corporation, his or their servants or agents, whereby the death of his testator or intestate was caused, if the testator or intestate could have maintained an action for such wrongful act, omission, or negligence, if it had not caused death. Such action shall not abate by the death of the defendant, but may be revived against his personal representative; and may be maintained, though there has not been prosecution, or conviction, or acquittal of the defendant for the wrongful act, or omission or negligence; and the damages recovered are not subject to the payment of the debts or liabilities of the testator or intestate, but must be distributed according to the statute of distributions. Such action must be brought within two years from and after the death of the testator or intestate.'	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line893
__label__wiki	0.766441	0.766441	36 F. 3d 775 - Ricketts v. City of Columbia Missouri a-X 36 F3d 775 Ricketts v. City of Columbia Missouri a-X 36 F.3d 775 63 USLW 2307 Paul RICKETTS, Sr., Plaintiff-Appellant, Paul Ricketts, Survivor of Marge Ricketts; Kimberly Stephens; Plaintiffs, Kimberly Roth, Plaintiff-Appellant, CITY OF COLUMBIA, MISSOURI, Defendant-Appellee, Ben White, Officer; Ernie Barbee, Chief of Police, City of Columbia; John Doe, Unknown Officers A-X; Lawrence Brady; Craig Klein; B. Arnold; Dennis Veach; Randy Boehm; Joseph Fagiolo; C. Antimi; L. Calvert, Defendants. Association of Trial Lawyers of America, Amicus Curiae. Eighth Circuit. Submitted April 14, 1994. Rehearing and Suggestion for Rehearing En Banc Denied Dec. 9, 1994.* Michael W. Manners, Independence, MO, argued, for appellant. Eugene K. Buckley, St. Louis, MO, argued (John S. McCollough, on the brief), for appellee. Before HANSEN, Circuit Judge, FLOYD R. GIBSON, Senior Circuit Judge, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judge. HANSEN, Circuit Judge. Kimberly Roth and her father, Paul Ricketts (the plaintiffs), appeal the district court's1 grant of judgment as a matter of law in favor of the City of Columbia, Missouri, in their action brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983. The plaintiffs sued the City alleging that it carried out a discriminatory custom of treating domestic abuse cases less seriously than nondomestic abuse cases, which was based upon an intent to discriminate against women. The plaintiffs contended that as a result of this custom, Kimberly's husband at the time, Sonny Stephens, harassed and sexually assaulted Kimberly and murdered her mother, Marge Ricketts. The district court set aside a jury verdict in favor of the plaintiffs in the amount of $1,200,000, concluding that the plaintiffs failed to establish the essential elements of their Sec. 1983 equal protection claim. 856 F.Supp. 1337. We affirm. Kimberly met Sonny Stephens in 1978. They began to live together shortly thereafter and married in 1982. Their relationship was riddled with argument and abuse. They temporarily separated several times, once because Sonny was incarcerated. When Sonny was at home, he often abused Kimberly both verbally and physically. On September 11, 1986, Kimberly sought and received an ex parte order for protection from the Boone County Circuit Court. In her petition, she stated that she feared Sonny because he "has broke[n] my nose" and "threaten[e]d to kill me if I leave him." (Jt.App. at 224.) The Boone County Circuit Court ordered Sonny to refrain from "[a]busing, threatening to abuse, molesting or disturbing the peace of the petitioner ... or [e]ntering the dwelling of petitioner, located at 909 Grand, Columbia, Mo." (Id. at 227.) After obtaining the protection order, Kimberly and her five children moved from the court order protected location at 909 Grand into her parents' (Paul and Marge Ricketts') home at Holly Park Trailer Court. Sonny was visiting a friend who lived across the street from the Ricketts' home, and he saw Kimberly and her father return from the courthouse. Sonny became enraged and began yelling threats. Kimberly called the sheriff's office and requested that they serve Sonny with the protection order. The sheriff's office responded within ten minutes and served Sonny with the protection order. Paul Ricketts and the sheriff overheard Sonny say that he was going to get a shotgun, and Kimberly knew that Sonny had a shotgun in their home at 909 Grand. The Ricketts called 911 and officers searched the home at 909 Grand but were unable to find either Sonny or a shotgun. When Sonny returned to his friend's trailer across the street from the Ricketts' home, he had a sawed-off shotgun and he continued yelling threats. Kimberly called the police again, discovered that officers had been sent to 909 Grand, and requested protection at her parents' home. About 20 police officers responded to this call and surrounded the home. Sonny finally came outside, but without the shotgun. Eventually, Sonny was subdued. He was allowed to leave the area without being arrested. That night, Kimberly's father's pickup truck was vandalized. When a police officer responded to a call about the vandalism the next morning, Kimberly told him that she was concerned about Sonny's shotgun and that she believed Sonny was keeping it in his friend's home across the street. The officer questioned Sonny's friend, who surrendered the weapon. During the next week, Sonny telephoned the Ricketts' home repeatedly, but Kimberly refused to talk with him. Sonny knocked on Kimberly's bedroom window one evening, and at another time, he threatened that if she did not return home he would kill her or someone in her family. Kimberly and her family called the police as a result of these threats, but Sonny was never arrested. Only a week after receiving the protection order, Kimberly decided to go back to Sonny in an effort to protect herself and her family from his threats. Kimberly and the five children moved back into their home at 909 Grand, and on September 19, 1986, Kimberly and Sonny filed a signed document with the Boone County Circuit Court in which both parties consented to terminate the protection order. The abuse worsened after Kimberly returned home, but Kimberly did not report further abuse to the police until March 20, 1987, when she again sought and received a protection order. This second ex parte order of protection prohibited Sonny from, among other things, threatening, disturbing, or "enter[ing] upon the premises of [her] dwelling." (Id. at 234.) This order became a full order of protection on April 3, 1987. Despite the protection order, Sonny continued to call and threaten Kimberly and her family, often while sitting outside in the area around the Ricketts' home where Kimberly again was staying. Kimberly, her family, and her lawyer called the police several times during late March and early April 1987 due to Sonny's continued harassment, but Sonny was never arrested. On one occasion during that period, an officer came to the Ricketts' home to take a report. No physical abuse occurred or was reported after entry of the protection order. On April 7, 1987, at about 7:30 a.m., Kimberly was in the living room of her parents' home with her mother and her youngest daughter when Sonny entered the home without notice and began an argument. Sonny threatened Kimberly with a shotgun (not the same shotgun previously confiscated). When Kimberly's mother attempted to intervene and calm the situation, Sonny shot her in the stomach. She died later that day. Sonny then dragged Kimberly away to a nearby woods, where he sexually assaulted her. He released her one-and-one-half hours later. The plaintiffs, Kimberly and her father, filed suit pursuant to 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983 against the City of Columbia, Missouri, Police Department and several of its personnel, seeking to obtain compensation for the injuries caused by Sonny's conduct of continued harassment, sexual assault, and murder. The individual defendants were dismissed on grounds of qualified immunity, and the case went to trial against only the City. At trial, the plaintiffs argued that the City violated their rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution on the basis of sex discrimination. They contended through use of statistics and testimony that the City maintained a discriminatory custom of treating domestic abuse less seriously than nondomestic abuse cases, that victims of domestic abuse are most often women, and that this discriminatory custom caused their injury by "emboldening" Sonny to continue his abusive behavior without fear of arrest. The jury returned verdicts in favor of the plaintiffs, specifically awarding Kimberly $200,000 for the harassment she endured while the protection orders were in effect and $200,000 for the sexual assault on April 7, 1987; and awarding the plaintiffs $800,000 for the April 7, 1987, murder of Marge Ricketts. The district court set aside the verdicts, granting the City's renewed motion for judgment as a matter of law. The district court assumed without deciding that the City had an unwritten policy or custom that resulted in unequal treatment of domestic assaults vis-a-vis nondomestic assaults and reasoned that the plaintiffs (1) failed to prove that the custom caused Marge Ricketts' death or Kimberly's rape, (2) failed to prove that the custom was intended to result in invidious discrimination against women, and (3) failed to identify the final policymaker who had knowledge of the discriminatory custom. The plaintiffs appeal the district court's grant of judgment as a matter of law. "In reviewing the district court's grant of JAML [judgment as a matter of law], we apply the same standard that governed the district court." Jacobs Mfg. Co. v. Sam Brown Co., 19 F.3d 1259, 1263 (8th Cir.1994). Considering the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, judgment as a matter of law is not appropriate "unless all the evidence points one way and is susceptible of no reasonable inferences sustaining [the nonmovant's] position." Id. Section 1983 provides a cause of action against any "person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State" causes the deprivation of a right protected by federal law or the United States Constitution. 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983. A municipality may be held liable as a "person" under Sec. 1983. Monell v. New York City Dep't of Social Serv., 436 U.S. 658, 690, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 2035, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1977). A municipality is not constitutionally required "to protect an individual against private violence," but a municipality may not operate under a custom in which it "selectively den[ies] its protective services to certain disfavored minorities without violating the Equal Protection Clause." DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dep't of Social Serv., 489 U.S. 189, 197 & n. 3, 109 S.Ct. 998, 1004 & n. 3, 103 L.Ed.2d 249 (1989). Whether a municipality discriminates against women by failing to treat complaints of domestic abuse as seriously as complaints of nondomestic abuse is a question of first impression in this circuit. Three other circuits, however, are not unfamiliar with the issue. See McKee v. City of Rockwall, 877 F.2d 409, 413 (5th Cir.1989) (denying interlocutory appeal to the city for lack of jurisdiction, but addressing this equal protection issue with regard to the officers' claims of immunity), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1023, 110 S.Ct. 727, 107 L.Ed.2d 746 (1990); Hynson v. City of Chester, 864 F.2d 1026, 1032-33 (3d Cir.1988) (remanding this equal protection issue for consideration of the standard enunciated therein); Watson v. City of Kansas City, 857 F.2d 690, 696 (10th Cir.1988) (affirming the grant of summary judgment in favor of the city on the plaintiff's gender discrimination claim). The following standard emerges from these cases: In order to survive summary judgment, a plaintiff must proffer sufficient evidence that would allow a reasonable jury to infer that it is the policy or custom of the police to provide less protection to victims of domestic violence than to other victims of violence, that discrimination against women was a motivating factor, and that the plaintiff was injured by the policy or custom. Hynson, 864 F.2d at 1031 (footnote omitted) (citing Watson, 857 F.2d at 694). We believe that this standard adequately sets forth the basic elements of proof under the framework of Sec. 1983 because it requires the plaintiff to prove: (1) a constitutional violation--that the municipality has a custom of providing less protection to victims of domestic abuse with an intent to discriminate against women on the basis of their gender, and (2) that the constitutional violation was caused by a person acting under color of state law--that the unconstitutional municipal custom caused the plaintiffs' injuries. We begin our analysis of the case at hand with the causation requirement. A. Causation Assuming the existence of an unconstitutional municipal custom, a Sec. 1983 claimant cannot recover unless the claimant also proves that the custom caused the resulting injury. See Monell, 436 U.S. at 694, 98 S.Ct. at 2037. "[I]t is when execution of a government's policy or custom ... inflicts the injury that the government as an entity is responsible under Sec. 1983." Monell, 436 U.S. at 694, 98 S.Ct. at 2037 (emphasis added). "Thus, our first inquiry in any case alleging municipal liability under Sec. 1983 is the question whether there is a direct causal link between a municipal policy or custom and the alleged constitutional deprivation." Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 385, 109 S.Ct. 1197, 1202, 103 L.Ed.2d 412 (1989). "[U]nder Missouri law of proximate causation, to which we may look in applying Sec. 1983, it is enough that the defendant's fault was a 'substantial factor' in producing the plaintiff's injuries, and the defendant's fault need not have been the sole proximate cause in order to allow recovery." Trudeau v. Wyrick, 713 F.2d 1360, 1367 (8th Cir.1983). Thus, the relevant inquiry for determining causation is as follows: "Would the injury have been avoided had" there not been a municipal custom of treating domestic abuse less seriously than nondomestic abuse? Canton, 489 U.S. at 391, 109 S.Ct. at 1206. Causation is generally a jury question unless, in a particular case, the question is "so free from doubt as to justify taking it from the jury." Trudeau, 713 F.2d at 1366-67. "As long as the causal link is not too tenuous, the question whether the municipal policy or custom proximately caused the constitutional infringement should be left to the jury." Bielevicz v. Dubinon, 915 F.2d 845, 851 (3d Cir.1990). In the case at hand, to find that the injuries caused by Sonny's violent acts of sexual assault and murder would have been avoided had Sonny been arrested for the prior harassment would be an exercise in pure speculation. Such speculation cannot establish causation because it is equally plausible that an arrest for the prior harassment might as easily have spawned retaliatory violence from Sonny. Holding that an officer's failure to arrest for one incident of harassment causes a subsequent incident of harassment or violence would essentially take away the officer's discretion to determine when to arrest--a fundamental part of our criminal system. See McCleskey v. Kemp, 481 U.S. 279, 297, 107 S.Ct. 1756, 1769, 95 L.Ed.2d 262 (1987) ("discretion is essential to the criminal justice process"). This in turn "would open municipalities to unprecedented liability under Sec. 1983." Canton, 489 U.S. at 391, 109 S.Ct. at 1206. A municipality which, in order to protect itself against the kind of claim brought by the plaintiffs here, directed its officers to arrest every person against whom an allegation of spousal abuse was made would undoubtedly find itself facing Section 1983 claims of unconstitutional arrest without probable cause. Additionally, the prior reported incidents of harassment here were too remote in time to constitute a proximate cause of the violent attack on April 7, 1987. The September 1986 shotgun incident occurred seven months before the April 7 incident, and no similar episodes occurred during the intervening period. The decisions not to arrest Sonny for the incidents of verbal harassment reported in late March and early April 1987 were closer in time but not so closely connected to or related to the April 7 attacks as to constitute a proximate cause of the attacks. There is no evidence that the police were called on April 7 and failed to respond. The evidence shows that the police were not called until after the violence occurred on April 7, so there was no realistic opportunity for the police to provide protection on that occasion. The only causal link that might logically exist is a tenuous connection between the prior harassment, for which no arrests were made, and Sonny's continued harassment. There is no question that Sonny harassed Kimberly while the two protection orders were in effect and that this constituted a violation of the protection orders for which Sonny was not arrested. While arrest or additional attention from the police might have dissuaded Sonny from continuing to harass Kimberly, see Bielevicz, 915 F.2d at 851 ("it is logical to assume that continued official tolerance of repeated misconduct facilitates similar unlawful actions in the future") (citing Brandon v. Holt, 469 U.S. 464, 105 S.Ct. 873, 83 L.Ed.2d 878 (1985)), there is no evidence that a prior arrest for harassment would have prevented Sonny's unforeseen violent criminal acts on April 7, 1987. The violent acts were not foreseeable to the police because no similar acts had been reported. We conclude that a reasonable jury could not have found that the police custom of disparate treatment, if it existed, was a substantial factor in producing Kimberly's rape or Mrs. Ricketts' murder. B. Constitutional Violation The plaintiffs argue that the district court erred by concluding that they did not set forth a submissible case on the issue of gender discrimination. Upon analysis, we agree with the district court. Under the standard set forth in Hynson and Watson, an equal protection claim arises upon a showing that "it is the policy or custom of the police to provide less protection to victims of domestic violence than to other victims of violence, [and] that discrimination against women was a motivating factor" behind this policy or custom. Hynson, 864 F.2d at 1031; see also Watson, 857 F.2d at 694. We agree that if discrimination against women were the purpose behind a municipal custom of providing less protection for victims of domestic abuse, then an equal protection claim would arise. In this case, the plaintiffs demonstrated a pattern of fewer arrests in cases of domestic violence, but the plaintiffs failed to produce evidence from which a reasonable jury could determine that this pattern proved a policy which was motivated by an intent to discriminate against women. When a widespread custom of a municipality impacts disproportionately on one gender, an equal protection violation arises "only if that impact can be traced to a discriminatory purpose." Personnel Admin. of Mass. v. Feeney, 442 U.S. 256, 272, 99 S.Ct. 2282, 2292, 60 L.Ed.2d 870 (1979). The disproportionate impact is only relevant to the extent that it "reflects a discriminatory purpose." Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229, 239, 96 S.Ct. 2040, 2047, 48 L.Ed.2d 597 (1976). A discriminatory purpose is more than a mere "awareness of the consequences." Feeney, 442 U.S. at 279, 99 S.Ct. at 2296. The law or custom must be found to have been implemented "at least in part 'because of,' not merely 'in spite of,' its adverse effects upon an identifiable group." Id. When a municipal custom employs a facially neutral classification and its disproportionate impact on one gender is not susceptible to a neutral explanation, "impact itself would signal that the real classification made by the law was in fact not neutral." Feeney, 442 U.S. at 275, 99 S.Ct. at 2294. However, in only a few cases, where a facially neutral policy impacted exclusively against one suspect class and that impact was unexplainable on neutral grounds, has the impact alone signalled a discriminatory purpose. See Gomillion v. Lightfoot, 364 U.S. 339, 81 S.Ct. 125, 5 L.Ed.2d 110 (1960); Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 6 S.Ct. 1064, 30 L.Ed. 220 (1886). When there is a rational, neutral explanation for the adverse impact and the law or custom disadvantages both men and women, then an inference of discriminatory purpose is not permitted. See Feeney, 442 U.S. at 275, 99 S.Ct. at 2294. [W]hen the adverse consequences of a law [or custom] upon an identifiable group are as inevitable as the gender-based consequences ... a strong inference that the adverse effects were desired can reasonably be drawn. But in this inquiry--made as it is under the Constitution--an inference is a working tool, not a synonym for proof. When, as here, the impact is essentially an unavoidable consequence of a [legitimate neutral policy or custom] the inference simply fails to ripen into proof. Id. at 279 n. 25, 99 S.Ct. at 2296 n. 25. In sum, when determining whether there is a showing of discriminatory intent, disproportionate impact is but one factor to consider along with the inferences that rationally may be drawn from the totality of the other relevant facts. See Davis, 426 U.S. at 241, 96 S.Ct. at 2048. The plaintiffs offered the expert testimony of Dr. Eve Buzawa who had gathered statistics indicating that the Columbia police department makes fewer arrests in domestic abuse cases than in nondomestic cases. Dr. Buzawa's opinion was based upon assault reports from portions of the previous year. Dr. Buzawa testified that the custom of disparate treatment for victims of domestic abuse adversely impacts women to a greater extent than men because over 90% of the victims of domestic abuse are women. The disproportionate impact is not exclusively suffered by women, however, because the classification itself is facially neutral and includes male victims of domestic abuse. There is no evidence that male victims of domestic abuse are treated differently than female victims of domestic abuse.2 We must discern whether there is a rational explanation for the disparate impact on women. Because of the inherent differences between domestic disputes and nondomestic disputes, legitimately different factors may affect a police officer's decision to arrest or not to arrest in any given situation. Dr. Buzawa's statistics took into account some of the variables that affect a decision to arrest in domestic disputes, but we believe that not all of the differences that enter into the discretionary decision of whether to arrest3 can be properly assessed and quantified through statistics. See Watson, 857 F.2d at 695 ("Whether or not probable cause exists is not susceptible to statistical quantification"). Police "discretion is essential to the criminal justice process." McCleskey, 481 U.S. at 297, 107 S.Ct. at 1769. "Where the discretion that is fundamental to our criminal process is involved, we decline to assume that what is unexplained is invidious." Id. at 313, 107 S.Ct. at 1778. Because the statistical disparity alone does not signal an intent to discriminate against women, we look to whether the plaintiffs submitted any other evidence of a discriminatory intent. The plaintiffs introduced hearsay statements from members of the Ricketts family, but this evidence is insufficient. Kimberly's sister-in-law testified to statements allegedly made by a police officer to the effect that one man accused of domestic abuse should have been arrested before but was not. Kimberly's father testified that he heard that one officer had been instructed not to arrest Sonny because Kimberly had gone back to him before and probably would again. (Trial Tr. at 1289-91.) These statements are unreliable hearsay. More importantly, while they might offer support for a discriminatory intent toward domestic disputes, they do not evidence an intent to discriminate against women. The plaintiffs also offered evidence of a historic tolerance of domestic abuse in society and of one fairly recent newspaper statement. A Columbia officer was quoted as blaming a woman victim of domestic abuse for bringing on the assault herself. The officer explained that the context of the statement related only to one particular case where he had seen that happen. (Trial Tr. at 1238-40.) These were the only factors directly bearing on gender discrimination, and they do not combine to create a submissible inference of a discriminatory animus toward women by the Columbia police department. Although we are sympathetic to the plaintiffs and we acknowledge that they have suffered greatly from the criminal acts of Sonny Stephens, we conclude that the plaintiffs have failed to present evidence of an equal protection violation on the basis of gender. Having disposed of the case on the basis of lack of causation and lack of a constitutional deprivation, we find it unnecessary to reach the plaintiffs' claim that the district court erred by requiring them to identify a final policymaker of the municipality. III. Conclusion We conclude that from the evidence submitted by the plaintiffs, no reasonable juror could find that the plaintiffs were injured as a result of a widespread custom of the City which was intended to discriminate against women. Thus, the district court did not err in granting the City's renewed motion for judgment as a matter of law, and we affirm the judgment of the district court. Arnold, Chief Judge, McMillian and Murphy, Circuit Judges, would grant the petition for rehearing with suggestion for rehearing en banc The Honorable William A. Knox, United States Magistrate Judge for the Western District of Missouri, trying the case by consent of the parties pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Sec. 636 The Equal Protection Clause requires the government to treat similarly situated persons similarly, and dissimilar treatment of those not similarly situated does not result in an equal protection violation. Klinger v. Dep't of Corrections, 31 F.3d 727, at 731 (8th Cir.1994) (citing City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., Inc., 473 U.S. 432, 439, 105 S.Ct. 3249, 3254, 87 L.Ed.2d 313 (1985)). A more accurate indicator of an intent to discriminate in this type of case would be a comparison of the arrest rate when men are victims of domestic abuse with the arrest rate when women are the victims. No such comparison was made in this case We note that there was no mandatory arrest law governing the decision to arrest in a domestic abuse situation in Missouri at the time of the incidents involved in this case	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line894
__label__wiki	0.606224	0.606224	1-Click Apply Only Nurse Job Description 60 percent of registered nurses work in hospitals. There are more than 2.6 million nurses in the United States. On average, registered nurses make $62,000 a year. What do nurses do? It ain't just fluffing pillows and waiting on doctor's orders. Jobs in nursing demand a lot of the same things as physician jobs do - and then some. Nursing jobs require not only treating patients who are sick and injured, but also offering advice and emotional support to patients and their families, taking care of paperwork (lots and lots of paperwork), helping doctors diagnose patients and providing advice and follow-up care. That's right, there's a lot more to nursing than meets the eye. It's one of the hardest and most emotionally draining jobs out there, but it can be incredibly rewarding. There aren't many jobs out there were you can actually save someone's life, but this is one of them. Got a weak stomach? Then consider a different career, my friend. Working as a nurse means having to deal with terribly sick people - and that often involves various bodily fluids (yuck). How much do nurses make? Registered nurses who work at hospitals make $63,000 a year, on average. Those who choose to work at nursing homes or with a home healthcare service make around $58,000. That's pretty good money, right? We hate to be cheesy, but the real reward is the feeling you'll get by helping those who need you. If you want to be a nurse, you've got a good bit of education in your future. Seriously, do you want someone doing a tracheal intubation on you if they don't know what they're doing? The two most common ways to become a registered nurse are to get a bachelor of science degree in nursing (BSN) or an associate's degree in nursing (ADN). A BSN takes about four years to complete at a college or university. An ADN program at a community or junior college takes about two to three years. After finishing one of these programs you'll also have to pass an exam given by your local licensing board. Career paths for nurses Most nurses start out as staff nurses at a hospital. Once you master the art of reading a doctor's handwriting you could move on to a better shift or a shift management role. After that, nurses can advance to assistant unit manager or head nurse. Get an advanced degree and you could find yourself as an assistant director, director, vice president, or chief of nursing. The future of nurse jobs According to the BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics), job opportunities for nurses are growing at a better than average pace. Job prospects will be the best for nurses who choose to work in doctors' offices. They also project that there will be solid opportunities available in nursing and assisted living homes, especially as the baby boomers age. See all job descriptions Waiter or Waitress Job Description Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Job Description Massage Therapist Job Description Home Health Aide Job Description bachelor degree jobs, healthcare jobs, jobs working with people View Our Full Site	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line895
__label__wiki	0.926173	0.926173	Long Island Nets Season Preview: New Faces Chase Same Goals By Long Island Nets \| November 7, 2019 author: Tom Dowd Head coach Shaun Fein leads an all-new roster for last year’s G League Eastern Conference champs The NBA G League’s Eastern Conference defending champions tip off the 2019-20 season Saturday night in Fort Wayne with a different look. The Long Island Nets have a new head coach and a brand-new 10-man roster. In addition, the Brooklyn Nets have turned over each of their two-way roster spots, assigned to players who can spend a maximum of 45 days with the NBA squad while the G League is in season. The roster does include two players who competed with the organization’s NBA Summer League squad, and five players who spent time in Brooklyn’s training camp, including guard C.J. Massinburg, who participated in both. And new head coach Shaun Fein is more than familiar with the operation. He’s in his fourth season with the organization. Last season as Brooklyn’s player development coach he worked closely with the G League staff and spent plenty of time in Long Island, tasked with monitoring the progress of Brooklyn’s two-way and roster assigned players as they moved back and forth between Brooklyn and Long Island. “I’ve gotten to know the guys,” said Fein, who launched training camp with his new roster on Oct. 28, of this new roster. “Some we had in Summer League. Some I’ve known before. Even over these last three or four days, we’ve gotten to talk a little bit. They understand our philosophy, how as an organization we want to do things. I think they’ve picked it up pretty quickly for the most part. Early on we could struggle a little bit just based on that we don’t have that continuity that we had on Long Island last year, lot of returners last year. They’ve picked up everything pretty quickly and they’ve seemed to jell and like each other and talk off the court, so we’ll be all right.” This year’s two-way spots belong to forward/center Henry Ellenson and guard/forward Timothe Luwawu-Cabarrot, both first-round draft picks in 2016. Ellenson is scheduled to travel with Brooklyn on a five-game road trip that begins in Portland on Friday night, but Luwawu-Cabarrot will be with Long Island for its opener on Saturday, to be followed by the home opener at NYCB LIVE on Monday night against the College Park Skyhawks, affiliate of the Atlanta Hawks. Second-round draft pick Jaylen Hands has been working with the team through much of the last few months after participating in Summer League. The 56th overall pick was a top 25 national college recruit out of the San Diego area and spent two seasons at UCLA before going pro. He was named to the All-Pac-12 Second Team last year. “His next step, he wants to be an NBA player,” said Fein. “We’re tasked with his development. He’s a young point, athletic. Decent shooter. He’s got to learn how to organize offense and just know what we’re doing all the time, know where guys are supposed to be. That’s one of the things he needs to develop; be a leader on the floor and know every position, know where guys are supposed to be. He’s got the athletic ability. He’s gotten better since he’s worked with us through Summer League and throughout the fall. He’s got a chance. I’m expecting good things out of him. I think we’ll go through some growing pains with him just because he’s a young kid. Excited about his potential.” Massinburg led a breakthrough era at Buffalo, where the Bulls advanced out of the mid-major Mid-American Conference to win NCAA Tournament games each of the last two years. The 6-5 guard was a two-time all-conference first team pick and the MAC Player of the Year last season. “A competitor. You want to win a game, you have him in the game,” said Fein. “I think he’s going to make winning plays for you. Comes from Buffalo where they had a lot of success during his four years there and he had a lot to do with it. Competes all the time, defensively, offensively. I think he can become a better shooter. He’s a guy that can handle the ball and play some point guard for us. He can play multiple positions for us too. Just a tough kid.” C.J. Williams, Deng Adel, John Egbunu and Devin Cannady all joined Massinburg with some time in Brooklyn’s training camp before joining Long Island. A 6-foot-5 guard, Williams played four seasons at N.C. State through 2012. In addition to experience abroad, the 29-year-old has two full G League seasons on his resume, in addition to two-way contracts with the Los Angeles Clippers and Minnesota Timberwolves the last two years. “Looking at him as a leader of this team,” said Fein. “He’s been around the block. He can explain to guys what to expect and be that locker room voice for us. He can play multiple positions for us. If we want to go small, he can play the four. He can play the wing at the three. Skilled. Can shoot it. Smart player. We’ll lean heavily on him as a coaching staff to be kind of our extension in the locker room and help the younger guys. Kind of like Mitch Creek last year. Hopefully he can fill that role.” Adel, a 6-foot-7 swingman, played at Louisville and had a two-way contract with Cleveland last year, playing 19 games for the Cavs in addition to G League minutes with the Canton Charge and Toronto’s affiliate, Raptors 905. He’s a switchable, versatile wing. Cannady is a marksman who shot 40 percent from 3-point range over four years at Princeton. The Nets are counting on Egbunu up front. At 6-foot-10 and 257 pounds, the 25-year-old is working his way back after knee surgery cost him his last season at Florida and kept him out of action for much of the last two years. “Five-man. Rim protector. Rolls to the rim hard and can be a lob threat all the time,” said Fein. “Rebounds the ball pretty well. Can get us extra possessions with the offensive rebounds. He’s an explosive athlete. Just a guy that we want to anchor our defense and be that guy that can protect the rim and also clean up the boards and get us going on the other end. This is his first time playing in I think two years. So he’s got some rust on him, but you can see the potential; shot-blocking, being a lob threat in the pick and roll. I think that will open up space for our shooters and our guards to get downhill.” Fein takes over for Will Weaver, last season’s G League coach of the year, who moved on to a head coaching job in Australia. Long Island’s 34-16 record last season was tied for the league’s best, as the Nets led the league in points per game (117.7) while playing the league’s third-fastest pace (107.90). “I think my vision is kind of the same as Will’s. We want to play fast,” said Fein. “I want to be organized too, if that makes sense. Like I told these guys at the beginning of camp, we want a lot of pace but we also want to be organized within that pace. I don’t want us to be helter skelter. I think pace is big in this league. I think everyone tries to run, but I think more importantly it’s going to be on the defensive side of the ball especially to start the season. “I want our defense to be ahead of it, especially transition defense, pick and roll, I’ve been stressing that with the guys through film and drills in practice. That is my vision right now to start the season. Defensively we need to be on our stuff and I think the offense will come. These guys are talented enough and understand the game. They understand the offense, that will pick up as the season goes on. If we can lay that foundation of transition defense, pick and roll defense, those are the two main things that I think happen the most during the game, we’ll be OK.”	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line899
__label__cc	0.531912	0.468088	Looking Over Black Shoulders Race Relations Educational Tool offering Role Reversal Fiction & more good reads. Consistently well-developed, Looking over Black Shoulders is a searing work of historical imagination and perspective that succeeds in turning America on its head. Not since John Howard Griffin’s Black Like Me has a writer so captured the essence of American race relations. —Tom Layne, author of The Assassination of Rush Limbaugh Heroes of Black History: Biographies of Four Great Americans (America Handbooks, a TIME for Kids Series) August 31, 2018 - Comment TIME For Kids Heroes of Black History presents the stories of four great American heroes every child should know about in one volume: Harriet Tubman, Jackie Robinson, Rosa Parks, and Barack Obama. 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Check It Out! $21.99 + Add To Wish List Buy The Book Now Black Wealth Through Black Entrepreneurship Fort Mose: And the Story of the Man Who Built the First Free Black Settlement in Colonial America Black Entrepreneurs in America: Stories of Struggle and Success Finding Magic The Souls of Black Folk (Dover Thrift Editions) This landmark book is a founding work in the literature of black protest. W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963) played a key role in developing the strategy and program that dominated early 20th-century black protest in America. In this collection of essays, first published together in 1903, he eloquently affirms that it is beneath the [More] The Black Book For Entrepreneurs “The Black Book for Entrepreneurs” is a combination of a motivational/inspirational and a how-to book. 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(3) Clock (20) Coaster (2) Deco (4) Entrepreneur (10) Entrepreneur's (8) Entrepreneurship (11) Floor (5) from (7) Grandfather (10) Great (5) Guide (6) Hidden (3) History (28) Home (2) Lies (4) Life (4) Little (3) Madam (3) Metal (4) Millionaire (4) Millionaires (3) Pendulum (3) Race (6) Secret (4) Secrets (6) Series (5) Story (3) Success (4) Traditional (3) Volume (4) Walker (3) Wall (4) Women (6) Wood (4) World (4) Terms & Conditions (“Terms”) Subject: Looking over Black Shoulders Site © Copyright 2019 Positive Prints PS. All Rights Reserved. If September was last month, what is this month?	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line900
__label__wiki	0.970678	0.970678	The Agonist Announce ‘Orphans’ Album, Debut ‘In Vertigo’ Video Rodeostar Canada's melodic death metal troupe The Agonist have detailed their sixth album, Orphans, and have released a music video for the new track 'In Vertigo.' The album is set to arrive on Sept. 20 on Rodeostar Records. A swirling, cinematic storm of relentless double bass, labyrinthine orchestral synths and dense riffing, "In Vertigo" is a walloping first impression of what The Agonist are serving up on Orphans. "When I heard the first instrumentals for Orphans I was a bit shocked and confused," comments frontwoman Vicky Psarakis. "The music was really dark and heavier than anything we've done in previous albums and I wasn't quite sure how I'd be able to match that emotion. But then you know all it took was writing one full song to get the ball rolling and 2-3 months later everything was done!" She continues, "With every new album, we love to experiment and dip our toes into new territory, but there's also a lot of elements here that are reminiscent of the earlier days. You can expect a lot of hard hitting, fast-paced madness and many many blast beats!" The song also finds the singer expanding her range. "Vocally, there's a wide range of styles, some of which I tried out for the first time and the lyrics are mostly inspired from horror stories and real-life tragedies, events that I felt a lot of people can relate to," Psarakis reveals. "Orphans is my third album with The Agonist and I can't wait to show the world what we created!" Watch the video for "In Vertigo" below and see the album art and track listing for Orphans further down the page. Pre-order the album here. The Agonist, Orphans Album Art + Track Listing 01. "In Vertigo" 02. "As One We Survive" 03. "The Gift of Silence" 04. "Blood as My Guide" 05. "Mr. Cold" 06. "Dust to Dust" 07. "A Devil Made Me Do It" 08. "The Killing I" 09. "Orphans" 10. "Burn it All Down" Best Metal Album of Each Year Since 1970 Filed Under: The Agonist Categories: Metal, New Albums, News, Official Music Videos, Songs, Videos	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line902
__label__cc	0.742693	0.257307	Untangling The Truth About Loving Your Natural Hair Written by Sharee Williams Michele Tapp Roseman author of Hairlooms: The Untangled Truth About Loving Your Natural Hair and Beauty addresses and examines the challenges of black women in accepting their natural hair and beauty. It’s not a book that tells you how to do your hair but a collective of stories from 32 men and women who have embraced their natural tresses. Including some who are not strangers to the spotlight like Hollywood actress Kim Coles, Nicole Ari Parker and the late poet and author Dr. Maya Angelou. With over 25 years of experience as a writer, media specialist, and editorial coach Michele’s aim is to help identify and encourage people to be the best version of themselves revealing certain issues that hinder self-love and self-acceptance. What was the inspiration behind the title “Hairlooms”? The inspiration comes from my own journey. I noticed that words really shaped how I felt about myself. Negative words followed me along my natural hair journey like when someone would say, “You messed up your hair because you cut it” or being called “blacky.” Much like an heirloom in the traditional sense, like passing on a family recipe or certain code words or traits. It’s a play on word and with the title “Hairlooms” I wanted to remind people that the words that you pass along in your circle do not have to be negative. We should have an intentionality to our words and more positives and empowering words that are affirming when we speak about natural hair and beauty. What inspired you to write this book? About 8 years ago my husband and I were trying to have children. At the time I thought the healthiest thing for me would be to stop perming my hair because I did not want that chemical in my bloodstream. While I was dealing with issues of failed adoption and fertility I realized I wasn’t feeling great about myself because my hair wasn’t straight or my edges weren’t laid. That got me thinking about how I really felt about my natural hair and beauty. I remember when I had a speaking engagement, I was natural and my hair was flat ironed. I could feel my hair curling up and I was like “I am not doing this anymore!” These are some of the instances that inspired me to wear my hair in its natural state. As I was going through my journey a lot of women would come up to me, telling me stories of hair loss and how they were concerned that men wouldn’t like them. I believe this led to my Aha moment or epiphany in September 2010 and that’s when I started writing “Hairlooms.” I think it's interesting as storytellers to have as many aspects or sides of the story as possible. It's something like a diamond - diamonds are more brilliant based on the number of facets and sides they possess. It’s the same thing with a story. Variety is a spice of life and with a variety of nuances and perspectives, the reader's experience is enhanced. There are 32 stories in your book, how did you decide on which stories to include? I wanted to touch on different aspects that play a role in black women loving their hair. For instance, if someone has low self-esteem there are behaviours that are linked to the belief or lie “I am not beautiful.” Oftentimes you’ll hear it echoing from women who wear their hair straight, “I’m not going to exercise because I just spent $150 on a perm.” What this means is that health challenges increase. Which then eats at other parts of our lives, which tends to be fitness. Black women spend an inordinate amount of money on hair care. Statistics show that black women spend three times more money than their white counterpart on hair and beauty products. I’m not an opponent of spending money but when does it cross the line from being natural maintenance to feeding an unhealthy issue? In the book I talk about “chasing the phantom”. The phantom is the look that we’re going after and no matter how much we put in our hair or skin lighteners we cannot change permanently what God has created. Would you encourage women of other ethnicities to read your book? Definitely! I love to say that “Hairlooms” is a bridge builder. It’s been interesting because I’ve been getting a lot of robust feedback from women who are not black. I believe that the stories have a common thread throughout and there are places where people can insert their own experiences and they can draw fresh water and fresh insights. I also think that it’s great for folks to read it regardless of their background because we live in a global world. Sometimes in order to have healthy relationships, we need a bridge builder like “Hairlooms” to highlight and amplify different experiences. How do you think men would benefit from reading your book? Men don’t always understand the depth of pain that women experience surrounding hair so anything that open their eyes for healthier relationships is a definite plus. Men can also be a source of providing positive affirmations and instilling a sense of self-worth. I think it would be a great read for men! Healing takes place in phases and stages and what I call “healing helpers” much like physicians and nurses have different roles in enhancing the experience of a patient. Men can play that role. Do you feel there was a lack of knowledge about natural hair say 5 or 10 years ago? Would you say that has changed? I think people are becoming more aware of some of the challenges that people have as it relates to women accepting their natural hair. There was a study that came out a few months ago showing that people who are not black take issue with natural hair. I think now you have more studies that bring awareness on these issues. Naturally textured hair is not seen as equal across the board. A book like “Hairlooms” helps women pass along positive words of natural hair and beauty. You can’t change the external dialogue but you are responsible for the internal dialogue racing inside. If your reservoir of hairlooms is filled with empowering words then you can override anything externally. What would you say was the biggest challenge for the women you interviewed? The common thread I noted is that nothing can be used as a substitute for self-love. Some of the women and men in the book are accomplished or may look great on paper but when you see them in front of the camera their inner world is not in a good place. One woman in particular that I interviewed, she was beautiful and I remember telling her how pretty she was, she said “really? I just don’t feel it.” As a wealth expert she has traveled all over the place, taught people how to manage money yet there’s something nagging inside. On the other hand when I spoke to Dr. Maya Angelou she showed tremendous love for herself. When the internal life is okay then the external life ends up being an enhancement. Interviewee Deborah Owens says in the book “we can’t change what we won’t acknowledge.” As women, it’s important to stop fighting and listen to that voice on the inside. Is it possible for women to feel truly confident and accept their natural hair in the corporate world? Sure it is! It would take some work just like with anything. It’s funny, I was on a Skype call for a conference a couple weeks ago and someone posed a similar question and I gave some tips. I’m a big fan of research to find out how women are wearing their hair. What is acceptable? What is deemed unacceptable? Then choose and pick your battles. If there is no issue of wearing your natural hair then you have to do the self-work and let yourself know that you are beautiful. Select a style that is appropriate whether it’s being straight or in its natural state. If you go down the road where there has to be a legal battle and you are excellent at your job then you have a case. If your work is poor it does not matter if your hair is bone straight. Make sure your work is flawless. Do it so well that hair is secondary because all they want is you as a person. Give us one reason why someone/anyone should purchase your book? What will he/she gain? I believe it’s an ache in all people to be the best they can be. We don’t live on an island, we live in a community and if you want to be the best that you can be you need to one, relate to yourself if you’re a black woman in a way that’s healthy. If you’re not black you want to be able to intelligently work in the community with other folks. By maximizing your self-awareness or maximizing the awareness of others around you, you become the best version of yourself. For the black women with Afro-textured hair it’s time to heal and for those who are healed pass the torch to somebody else, take it to another level. Regardless of where you are on the spectrum you definitely want to get “Hairlooms!” I plan to continue to share the message of “Hairlooms” around the world. I’d love to be featured as a speaker for conferences and really allow folks to hear more of my story and also to hear more of their stories. I think it would be neat to have storytelling events, conferences where you can convene and share stories. This is where healing can really take place. I really want to spread the message telling women that you are enough and that passing along positive words when you speak about hair and beauty will shape how you feel about yourself and how the world around you also feels and relates to you. Hairlooms is available on amazon.com Read 2074 times Last modified on Saturday, 29 April 2017 16:43 Older Entry Reading Is Currency: A conversation with Dr. Andrew Campbell Newer Entry REVIEW: A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines Latest from Sharee Williams She.lace Wants To Show The World That Women Love Sneakers Entrepreneur Bili Balogun Makes Beauty A Breeze 100 ABC Women Shines A Well-Deserved Spotlight On Black Canadian Women Hair After Cancer - One Stylist Helps Black Women Look Like Themselves Again The Black Girl Magic Of Reclaiming Your Beauty What You Never Knew About How To Moisturize Your Curly Hair Natural Hair, Skinny Mirrors and Fitness Girls Getting Back To Their Roots Ian WebsterCategory: Financial ServicesName: Ian Webster Kandice Henry, iPro...Category: Real EstateName: Kandice Henry, iPro Realty LTD Brokerage Walker Law \|...Category: LawyersName: Walker Law \| Professional Corporation 13th Annual Durham Black History Month celebration - HISTORY STARTS TODAY (February 01, 2020 5:00 pm) 13th Annual Durham Black History Month Celebration - "HISTORY STARTS TODAY" (February 01, 2020 5:00 pm)	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line905
__label__wiki	0.592779	0.592779	Brand Day in Hockeyville Corporations or Canadians: who owns our national sport? By John Lofranco Jan. 16, 2006 As I settled on to my couch to watch CBC's Hockey Day in Canada on 7 January 2006, I couldn't help but be a little wary. It's all Naomi Klein's fault. I'm finally getting around to reading No Logo, her anti-corporate movement bible, and it has left me uneasy about the state of my sporting world. On top of that, in a Globe and Mail article that I read during the commercials (holding the paper up to block the screen so I couldn't see the ads, of course), Jill Mahoney told me how teenagers are-gasp!-downloading TV shows and watching them whenever they want instead of sticking to the network's schedule; a schedule which of course includes commercials. The real purpose of television-indeed, all forms of entertainment-was laid bare: TV, radio and live entertainment events (even hockey) are simply vehicles for advertising. What a revelation, you say with a sneer. But while it's true that only a naive greenhorn wouldn't have noticed this, it's also true that only a cynic would let it go unchallenged. Rothmans and auto racing can go hand-in-hand, as far as I'm concerned-let the smokers and the race-car junkies asphyxiate themselves-but can't my hockey, especially Hockey Day in Canada, remain pure? Stephenville, Newfoundland is about as far from a target market as you can get, and yet on Hockey Day in Canada, we see a young Newfie proudly declaring Mats Sundin (of the Toronto Maple Leafs brand ... thank you Naomi) his favourite player, while wearing a nifty CBC jersey provided by Reebok. Cute kid. Another of Hockey Day's stops was in Florenceville, New Brunswick. Despite the use of what was obviously a fourth-string reporter to interview the young players (he asked the exact same sequence of questions of one girl twice, in the same interview), this was a flashy bit of corporate branding at its most insidious. No attempt was made to hide the fact that McCain Foods pretty much owns the town, and the entire New Brunswick segment was essentially an ad for potatoes. These small communities are the kind of company towns where, if you want to put food on the table, you've got to punch the clock-the luxury of anti-corporate protest is simply not available. After a fall flood and paper-mill closing in December, Stephenville would love for some corporate giant to buy up their place. Fair enough. But it still made me think: Et tu, hockey? While the focus of the day was meant to be on the "grassroots" of the game and the quality of parent-child relationship it can foster, the real star was the NHL brand. For all the platitudes about just having fun and not putting pressure on anyone, most parents interviewed expressed the same cryptic sentiment: they wanted "the best" for their child. And each young player, when asked for a hero, promptly named an NHLer-even the girl whose goal was not to play in the NHL, but to make the Olympic team (where the branding opportunities exist for women in hockey, you see). It was as if they were told "Don't say that you want to play in the NHL," but you could see in their faces that this was exactly what each and every one of them wanted; it was why they were playing the game. So much for grassroots. So much for fun. Why get up at 6 a.m. to drive to Whitby for a game? Why drag a kid out of bed on a Saturday morning, strap them into body armour, arm them with a stick and throw them out onto a sheet of ice? Is this the kind of sacrifice you make for love? Ok, a little rich coming from a guy who runs eleven miles uphill in a snowstorm, but surely there must be a better way to have fun at hockey? To be fair, a feature on an annual holiday pond hockey game in the Eastern Townships came closest to finding that hockey "ideal" while avoiding the branding. Like teenagers downloading TV shows to watch them whenever they like, this kind of hockey-no ice rentals, no admission fees, no uniforms-skirts the brand bullies. I played a bit of shinny myself over Christmas. My uncle Joe and his three boys, along with a bunch of their friends, took to the holiday ice in Toronto. I only fell on my ass once and I scored a goal, knocking the puck out of mid-air in a surprising display of hand-eye co-ordination. I made a beautiful, blind, between-the-legs, drop-pass to Aunt Jan who, faced with a wide-open net, found she had a hole in her stick. My littlest cousin Tom-easily the best player on the ice, pound for pound-just didn't slow down. Ever. Tom was even kind enough to set up his lumbering, ankle-burning older cousin on a few occasions. The parents were on the ice, being made to look foolish by their own kids, so there certainly wasn't any pressure or criticism. We didn't keep score-we played until we were tired-and no one got hurt. Well, one fellow got sent flying by a suspiciously moving net (while skating backwards) and Mike went ass-over-tea-kettle (he does look a bit like a tea kettle). It was quite a sight, but he only bruised his elbow. The post-game party was catered by Jan (she made her fabulous lasagne). I have no idea what brand of noodles she used. And old uncle Al, when he asked, asked for a beer-not a Bud, or a Canadian. That's the way things really are in Canada, I hope. CBC has created a day-long hockey-fest to try to sell us back a game we already own. No thanks, Molson. No thanks, Reebok. We've already got one. John Lofranco takes breaks from rigorous training to push the limits of sports writing for Maisonneuve. His column appears every two weeks. Read more columns by John Lofranco.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line906
__label__cc	0.708754	0.291246	Cellular Treatment Effective Treatment for Lung Disease \| Under Press \| Posted by Amy Welling Lung Institute Patient sees Progress from Cellular Therapy Tampa, FL (June 16, 2015) – Lung Institute patient Susan M. received cellular therapy from the Lung Institute on February 9, 2015. Susan owns a horse farm in Texas which requires a lot of hard work on a day-to-day basis. Caring for the farm had become more difficult, almost impossible, for Susan after she developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). She worried that she would have to give up doing what she loved most. After undergoing cellular therapy at the Lung Institute, however, Susan has found continued improvement in her lung function and ability to do daily tasks without becoming short of breath. The day before treatment, February 8, 2015, Susan was on several daily medications plus supplemental oxygen 24 hours a day. She set the tank on level three for normal daily tasks, and had to bump that number up to four when doing more strenuous activities like riding horses. When she did get the chance to ride, Susan was only able to canter or trot the horses for very short periods of time before having to stop to catch her breath. She had to take a large amount of medication on a daily basis just to survive, taken both morning and night: 500/50 of Advair AM and PM, Spiriva AM, 10 mg. of prednisone daily, plus various allergy medications. Caring for her lung disease had taken over Susan’s life. After a period of taking these expensive medications and hauling an oxygen tank around all day and night, Susan started to search for alternative options. That’s when she found the Lung Institute. Seeing Results after Cellular Therapy Susan received cellular therapy on February 9th through the 11th of this year. On the afternoon of the 10th, she decided to do a little walking and sightseeing after her cellular therapy that day. When she parked the car to get out for sightseeing, however, she realized that her oxygen tank was empty. She filled the tank up with a reserve tank that she keeps in the car, which requires a person to wait 15 minutes before use. Rather than wait, Susan decided to try to walk around. “I walked for about 15 minutes, which totally amazed me. I was out of breath, yes, but I was able to walk whereas normally that would not have happened,” she said. This was only the beginning of the improvements that she noticed. The first time Susan rode her horses after treatment, she was able to ride for a much longer period of time, no longer gasping for air. Per the recommendation with her pulmonologist, she was able to drop her medication doses in half, reducing down to 250/25 Advair AM and 5 mg. of prednisone. Susan remains active, tending to daily chores on her horse farm and frequently hitting the gym. “I know it’s hard to exercise when it’s hard to breathe, but IT WORKS!” she says. “I can tell you for sure, that the exercise and strengthening really helps! If you folks could get this word out to your other patients, I can guarantee it helps.” A great way to measure lung function is using a pulse oximeter. A reading of 95 percent or higher is normal, whereas a reading of 92 percent or less indicates lung disease and typically supplemental oxygen is required. Prior to cellular therapys, Susan’s pulse oximeter reading was 93 at the highest with the supplemental oxygen. Shortly after the treatments, the reading was hovering around 95. Six weeks after treatments, she had a reading of 99 percent. She is also able to move around without using supplemental oxygen. “I am still wearing the oxygen, but whenever I am in the house and not doing anything strenuous, I do not,” she said. Susan is very happy with the progress that she has seen after undergoing cellular therapy at the Lung Institute. She does, however, understand that the progress will not last long term without additional treatments and continuing with a healthy, active lifestyle. However, Susan is adamant that the treatment was worth the cost, as she has regained her ability to exercise and ride her horses, two things that she loves. Until there is a cure for lung disease, cellular therapy is here to bring life back within reach. About the Lung Institute If you or someone you love is in a similar situation, the Lung Institute might be able to help. At the Lung Institute, we are changing people’s lives across the nation through the innovative technology of regenerative medicine. We recognize the challenges of finding effective and sustainable treatment options for patients who might be suffering from debilitating lung diseases, and we are committed to providing patients a more effective way to address pulmonary conditions and improve quality of life. Our goal is to help patients breathe easier and bring life back within reach. 3 Soups Good for Your Tummy AND Your COPD What Causes Fibrosis of the Lungs? Tips for Chronic Bronchitis Treatment at Home	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line907
__label__cc	0.717256	0.282744	RADNOR, Pa., Aug. 02, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:MRNS) (“Marinus” or “Company”), a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of innovative therapeutics to treat epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders, today provided a business update on its clinical development activities and reported its financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2018. Near-term Clinical Value Catalysts Complete enrollment of patients in ganaxolone intravenous (IV) portion of the Phase 2 Magnolia study in women with severe postpartum depression (PPD) in third quarter 2018 Report top-line data from ganaxolone IV portion of the Magnolia study in fourth quarter 2018 Report top-line oral ganaxolone data from Amaryllis study in women with PPD in fourth quarter 2018 “We achieved an important milestone in the second quarter with the initiation of a pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating the use of oral ganaxolone in children and young adults with CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD),” commented Christopher M. Cashman, chairman and chief executive officer of Marinus. “This is the first-ever phase 3 clinical trial for CDD, and the CDD community is awaiting treatment options to reduce the seizure burden of this disease. We are hopeful that ganaxolone may provide a benefit to this underserved patient population.” Mr. Cashman continued, “We are continuing to enroll patients with postpartum depression in both our Magnolia and Amaryllis studies and look forward to reporting top-line data from both studies in the coming months.” The Company is enrolling patients in its pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial (Marigold Study) evaluating the use of oral ganaxolone in children and young adults with CDD. The Marigold Study is a global, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial that will enroll approximately 70 patients between the ages of 2 and 21 with a confirmed disease-related CDKL5 gene variant. Patients will undergo a baseline period before being randomized to receive either ganaxolone (up to 1,800 mg/day) or placebo for 17 weeks, in addition to their existing anti-seizure treatment. Following the treatment period, all patients that meet certain eligibility requirements will have the opportunity to receive ganaxolone in the open label phase of the study. The study’s primary efficacy endpoint is percent reduction in seizures. Secondary outcome measures will include non-seizure-related endpoints to capture certain changes in behavioral and sleep disturbances that were reported in previous clinical studies with ganaxolone. There are currently no approved treatments for CDD. The Company is in the process of completing enrollment in the IV only portion of the Magnolia study, a Phase 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-optimization clinical trial to evaluate ganaxolone in women diagnosed with severe PPD (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17) score ≥26). The efficacy endpoint is change from baseline in the HAMD17 score. The Company expects to provide top-line data in the fourth quarter and discuss next steps in our PPD program, which include evaluating an IV followed by oral formulations of ganaxolone. Enrollment is on-going in the Company’s Amaryllis study, a Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of oral ganaxolone in women with moderate PPD (HAMD17 score of ≥ 20, but < 26). Patients enrolled in the initial open label phase of the study receive one of multiple treatment regimens with ganaxolone capsules which include once-daily dosing. The efficacy endpoint is change from baseline in the HAMD17 score. Data from the open label phase are expected in the fourth quarter of 2018 and will inform later stage development of novel treatment paradigms that may include an IV followed by oral ganaxolone pivotal program. Upon successful completion of the open label phase, the study will continue as a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Company is enrolling patients with refractory status epilepticus (RSE) in its Phase 2 study with ganaxolone IV. Initial data from this proof-of-concept study are expected in the fourth quarter of 2018. Financial Update At June 30, 2018, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and investments of $46.4 million. The Company believes that its cash, cash equivalents and investments, as of June 30, 2018, are adequate to fund its operations into 2020. Research and development expenses increased to $7.2 million and $11.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, as compared to $2.8 million and $6.4 million for the same periods in the prior year. The increase was related to preclinical and clinical expenses associated with our Phase 2 clinical trials in PPD and RSE and Phase 3 trial in CDD. General and administrative expenses were $2.3 million and $4.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, as compared to $1.7 million and $3.5 million for the same periods in the prior year. The increase was driven primarily by an increase in non-cash stock-based compensation expense. Readers are referred to, and encouraged to read in its entirety, the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which includes further detail on the Company’s business plans and operations, financial condition and results of operations. Selected Financial Data (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 2018 December 31, Cash and cash equivalents $21,467 $33,531 Investments 24,902 24,825 Other assets 2,318 2,316 Total assets $48,687 $60,672 Current liabilities $3,560 $2,544 Other long term liabilities 107 120 Total stockholders’ equity 45,020 58,008 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $48,687 $60,672 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, Research and development $ 7,232 $ 2,817 $ 11,159 $ 6,390 General and administrative 2,338 1,691 4,526 3,503 Loss from operations (9,570 ) (4,508 ) (15,685 ) (9,893 ) Interest income 65 31 181 71 Interest expense — (72 ) — (156 ) Other income (expense) 1 (3 ) — (12 ) Net loss $ (9,504 ) $ (4,552 ) $ (15,504 ) $ (9,990 ) Per share information: Net loss per share of common stock—basic and diluted $ (0.24 ) $ (0.21 ) $ (0.38 ) $ (0.47 ) Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding 40,395,650 21,985,213 40,384,429 21,288,545	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line908
__label__cc	0.742257	0.257743	Marinus Pharmaceuticals Announces Inducement Grants Under NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4) RADNOR, Pa, Aug. 23, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:MRNS) (the “Company”, “Marinus”), a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of innovative therapeutics to treat epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders, today announced that the Board of Directors of Marinus granted non-qualified stock options to purchase an aggregate of 68,000 shares of its common stock to new employees, with a grant date of August 21, 2019. The options have an exercise price of $1.12 per share, which is equal to the closing price of Marinus’s common stock on August 21, 2019, the date of grant. The options will vest and become exercisable as to 25 percent of the shares on the one-year anniversary of the recipient's start date, and will vest and become exercisable as to the remaining 75 percent of the shares in 36 equal monthly installments at the end of each month following the anniversary, subject to the employee's continued employment with Marinus on such vesting dates. The stock options were granted as inducements material to the new employees entering into employment with Marinus in accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4), and are subject to the terms and conditions of a stock option agreement covering the grant. Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a pharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of ganaxolone, which offers a new mechanism of action, demonstrated efficacy and safety, and convenient dosing to improve the lives of patients suffering from epilepsy and depression. Ganaxolone is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA that acts on a well-characterized target in the brain known to have anti-seizure, anti-depressant and anti-anxiety effects. Ganaxolone is being developed in IV and oral dose forms intended to maximize therapeutic reach to adult and pediatric patient populations in both acute and chronic care settings. Marinus has initiated the first ever pivotal studies in children with CDKL5 deficiency disorder and PCDH19-related epilepsy and is conducting a Phase 2 study in patients with refractory status epilepticus. The Company has also conducted studies in women with postpartum depression. For more information visit www.marinuspharma.com. Please follow us on Twitter: @MarinusPharma. To the extent that statements contained in this press release are not descriptions of historical facts regarding Marinus, they are forward-looking statements reflecting the current beliefs and expectations of management made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “may”, “will”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “intend”, “believe”, and similar expressions (as well as other words or expressions referencing future events, conditions or circumstances) are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements contained in this press release include, among others, statements regarding our interpretation of preclinical studies, development plans for our product candidate, including the development of dose forms, the clinical study testing schedule and milestones, the ability to complete enrollment in our clinical studies, interpretation of scientific basis for ganaxolone use, timing for availability and release of data, the safety, potential efficacy and therapeutic potential of our product candidate, arrangements with any potential strategic partners and our expectation regarding the sufficiency of our working capital. Forward-looking statements in this release involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause our clinical development programs, future results, performance or achievements to differ significantly from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, the uncertainties inherent in the conduct and results of future clinical studies, the timing of the clinical studies, enrollment in clinical studies, availability and reporting of data from ongoing clinical studies, expectations for regulatory approvals, the attainment of clinical study results that will be supportive of regulatory approvals, and other matters, including the development of formulations of ganaxolone, and the availability or potential availability of strategic partners and of alternative products or treatments for conditions targeted by the Company that could affect the availability or commercial potential of our drug candidates. Marinus undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. For a further description of the risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, as well as risks relating to the business of the Company in general, see filings Marinus has made with the Securities and Exchange Commission.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line909
__label__cc	0.727967	0.272033	Millionaire under 21: Shawn Nelson UPDATE(another video): UPDATE( Lovesac saves a consumer’s life): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5jyTxJMP2I A Bag Is Born: At age 18, Shawn Nelson was watching TV on the couch when he decided “a huge beanbag thing” might be more comfortable. He bought 14 yards of vinyl, cut it into a baseball shape, and spent three weeks filling it with anything soft he could find. The finished LoveSac was 7 feet wide, and everyone who saw it tried it out–and loved it. Pocket Power: When neighbors started placing orders, Nelson decided to start his company almost as a joke. With free help from his friends, he made the LoveSacs in his parents’ basement and sold them at trade shows, events and even the drive-in. Business was moderate at best, until he got a call on his cell phone that changed his life: a quarter-million-dollar order from Too Inc., which was looking for a back-to-school offering for its Limited Too stores. “I answered the phone and said, ‘Twelve thousand LoveSacs? Sure, no problem. That’s what we do; we’re the best in the world at it,'” remembers Nelson. Hard Road: Undaunted, Nelson amassed $50,000 in credit card debt building a factory. He worked 19-hour days and slept at the factory. “It nearly broke me emotionally, physically, mentally,” Nelson says. “My hands were cracked and bleeding. We finished the order [for Too Inc.] but ate up all our profits.” Just when things seemed darkest, a deceptively simple idea presented itself: Open a mall store. Not just any store, but one designed from the beginning to look like an upscale chain–even before it was a chain. It paid off: With some 55 stores, about half of them franchised, LoveSac is looking at sales topping $30 million this year. Looking Forward: “We’re headed toward owning [the market for] oversized living,” says Nelson, who dispenses with all modesty where his business is concerned. “We’re going to have a catalog that’ll be three inches thick, selling everything that’s over-the-top, bling-bling, LoveSac-get-out-of-our-freaking-way.” Unstoppable: No one fully expected LoveSac’s success-not even Nelson himself. He says being committed to solving any problem is vital to his–and any entrepreneur’s-success. “Decide that there is always a way,” he says, “and you’ll find that there is.” Lovesac’s website: http://www.lovesac.com History: http://generallyawesome.com/store/love-sac/Love-Sac-History.php May 31, 2008 - Posted by mauthor \| Business, Life, Million dollars Idea, Millionaire, Uncategorized, Youtube \| entrepreneurs, loveSac, Shawn Nelson	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line910
__label__wiki	0.716031	0.716031	Japanese Lessons & Tutors Kanji – Traditional & Kana – Modern (Hiragana & Katakana) An Ancient tongue, also known to the Japanese as “日本語 – Nihongo” is spoken by over 125 million people living across the Japanese archipelago and in immigrant communities abroad, notably Brazil. Although it has a relatively simple grammar system and what has been regarded as a typically ‘pure’ pronunciation (i.e. no diphthongs), the language is distinguished by a complex level system. In this system, the interlocutors’ forms of speech may vary – including verb forms and vocabulary – depending upon one other’s relative status and the status of any other persons mentioned. Traditional “Kanji” characters are derived from the Chinese alphabet of which upto three thousand kanji are in regular use used to convey meanings in sentences and is often combined with “Kana” the modern Japanese which has the two syllabaries (Hiragana and Katakana) used to denote grammar each containing 46 basic characters, and representing one sound. In addition these scripts are used with “Romanji” for romanised words incorporated into modern Japanese. Most Japanese sentences contain kanji and hiragana, while some also use katakana, sometimes all in the same line. This mixing of scripts and the large number of traditional kanji characters, has made Japanese fairly difficult to learn and therefore requires an ongoing commitment. GCSE & A-Level Japanese Lessons Mayfair Consultants offers fully-qualified Japanese tutors for private tuition in central London. Our tutors are either native speakers or completely fluent in the language, and are committed to seeing it thrive. Their approaches are interactive and immersive, focussing on broadening clients’ vocabulary while improving their spoken pronunciation and written expression. Our Japanese tutors work with learners of all ages and abilities, including those preparing for Japanese GCSE, A-Level and IB exams, and those acquiring the language for research, travel or business purposes. If you’d like arrange private lessons or have any questions about our tuition services please call us on Tel: +44 (0) 207 665 6606 or you can send us an email via our contact form. Japanese Alphabet Chart Japanese Language Resources: https://www.jlpt.jp/e/ http://www.3anet.co.jp/english/books/books_01.html http://www.yesjapan.com http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/japanese/ http://www.ajalt.org/english/ http://www.jpf.org.uk/language/ http://www.dajf.org.uk/japan-house/background?lang=en http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/study/index.html http://www.seejapan.co.uk http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/language/lsp.htm http://www3.nhk.or.jp/lesson/index.html http://www.japansociety.org.uk/rsn/ http://marugoto.org/en/ http://www.j-cat.org/en/ http://www.tofugu.com http://www.kirainet.com/english/ http://www.soas.ac.uk/languagecentre/languages/japanese/ http://www.lang.ox.ac.uk/links/japanese.html	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line911
__label__wiki	0.591108	0.591108	2019 Election: Some Baptist Views Baptist Messenger Nov 29, 2019 · 14 min read 5 Presentations of 500 words, each by UK Baptists making the case for the party they support Baptists are as divided in their political opinions as the rest of the populace. But in inviting members of Baptist Collaboration to express their views, the response has been surprising. On the surface, there appears to be much more support for parties traditionally regarded as ‘left wing’, a luke-warm response from more centrist parties, and virtually no reaction from those we regard as right wing. This may be because there are very few supporters of Conservative and Brexit parties respectively from within the Baptist ranks. It may also be, because such folk prefer to remain silent because of their views have been subjected to severe criticism. Of course, we all know that no party and neither side in the leave-remain debate has a monopoly on ignorance. Remainers can all too often speak unwittingly with a sense of their own infallibility (even if language is tempered with ‘remain and reform’). Brexiters on the other hand, can sometimes promote a sense of nationalistic pride that, to many, sounds racist or xenophobic. Naturally, each of us — regardless of our position — can obtain facts to support decisions we make for entirely non-rational reasons. After all, reason arises at sunset. In other words, facts, reasons, rationality are often wheeled out to support subconscious decisions we have long since made for emotional reasons. Little wonder that debates often tend to be fruitless, endless and pointless. In a church meeting, changing one’s mind in the course of lively discussion (or more likely, in post-meeting reflection) is part of the reason we gather together. We encounter holiness when we encounter another, and Christ often reveals himself in the voice of those with whom we profoundly disagree. The capacity to allow our mindset (or ‘nous’) to be transformed after (‘meta’) such an encounter is what scripture means by repentance (‘metanoia’). This is the beating heart of Baptist political discourse. In public political discourse however, if a party representative changes their mind in the course of debate, they are sacked. To change one’s mind is not necessarily to switch party allegiance. It can mean to hang a question mark over one’s own presumed infallibility, and to feel a sense of disturbance about the credibility of positions that threaten us. To model a Christian political discourse then, is profoundly difficult. It does not require that we wrap our strongly held convictions in the false humility of debilitatingly polite language. It means that robust, difficult, and strongly expressed anger, frustration or enthusiasm are properly heard — that our emotion as well as our reason is expressed. Disagreement can be strong and disturbing, it can cause offence and upset. Rather than shy away from all that, a genuine exchange brings these difficulties to the table in the knowledge that they are underpinned by a greater sense of seeking the mind of Christ. I am extremely grateful to all those who, in one commentator’s words, have ‘put their heads above the parapet’. The hope is that we might hear one another well and see where that leads us. Simon Perry, 29.11.2019 Why I support the Conservative Party Jeremy Balfour As a Conservative MSP it will come as no shock to anyone that I will be casting my vote for the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party on 12th December. Here I will explain how my faith has led me to believe that the Conservatives are the best option for the UK. As a Christian, I believe that Jesus placed a high value on oaths and promises. In Matthew 5 he urges his followers not to make a promise if they cannot follow through on that promise. In verse 37 he instructs us: “let your ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes,’ and your ‘No,’ ‘No.’”. I believe that this instruction extends to the political world. Before both the 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum and the 2016 EU Referendum, political leaders promised to abide by the outcome of the democratic vote (despite not being legally required to). Promises were made before the referendum that should be abided by. Whether or not I voted in favour of the outcome, I respect the decision made by a democratic vote. The Conservative Party is one of the only parties that has stood by its promise and is absolutely committed to delivering Brexit. This is not because all members voted ‘Leave’ in the referendum; but instead, because we are determined to stick to our word which was to respect the decision made by the general public, no matter the outcome. Furthermore, the Conservative Party so believe that individuals should take responsibility for providing for themselves and their family. However, despite the common misconception, Boris Johnson and the Conservatives do believe in and support public services so that when people are unable to provide for themselves and their families, there is a safety net. In fact, the recently published Conservative manifesto makes it clear that public services are a priority to the party. As the manifesto states, a key reason that we want to deliver Brexit quickly is to ensure that “public services get the attention that they deserve”.[i] Our pledge to increase funding of the NHS by 29 percent between 2018 and 2023; to employ 50,000 more nurses; and to create 40 million more GP surgery appointments a year, show that our commitment to improve public services is not simply lip-service. Why I’m not voting for other parties In Scotland, politics is not a battle between Conservative and Labour. Currently the SNP are the dominant party and the Conservatives are the strong opposition. I will not vote for a party that wishes to break up the union because I genuinely believe that we are stronger together. Mark 3:24 says: “If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand.” I believe this to be true in our politics. To break up our union would do more harm than good, and I think that more positive change can be made to the lives of our citizens if all nations in the UK work together. Why I support the Green Party Barney Barron The Green Party offer the most radical solution of all parties in this election to tackle climate change. With the promise of investing £100 billion a year on their Green New Deal. This will end our addiction to fossil fuels with sources of renewable energy. Improving the energy efficiency of homes and building 100,000 new energy efficient council homes. They promise to provide cheaper, more efficient public transport whilst opening up safe cycleways and footpaths. The Greens will invest in technology to decarbonise industry. Our rural industry will benefit from 700 million new trees and investment in ethical food production, including rewilding where possible. Green policies reduce climate change, improve wellbeing and stimulate a sustainable economy. I believe as a Christian we have a God given mandate to care for creation. The Green Party also want to invest in a Universal Basic Income which would cut down on a wasteful and costly bureaucratic welfare system that deters people from taking short-term work, volunteering or caring for elderly parents. It will also reduce poverty and inequality in our society. It will resource people to study and offer security for people to start their own businesses. The kind of investment the Greens are proposing is not just imperative environmentally, but it will stimulate the economy from the bottom up, creating a fairer more equitable society. Green policy will also ensure the wealthy pay their fair share of tax. The Greens will scrap the very costly Trident programme. They state “Real security cannot be based upon a balance of nuclear terror, nor upon a global domination by a group of states operating largely from self-interest.” The Greens are the only party sending out a clear, fair and consistent message on Brexit that respects democracy. “A People’s Vote to decide the way forward on Brexit, in which the Green Party will campaign for remain. A commitment to realise the full potential of the European Union to lead the fight against the Climate Emergency and to improve the lives of workers, low income families and refugees.” Many people say I would vote Green but I want to vote tactically. The problem is we have an unfair electoral system which the Greens want to address with a P.R. voting system and devolve power to local councils who are best placed to make decisions effecting their local community. Lib Dems and Tories were co-authors of devastating austerity. [ii] They both play fast and loose with the truth. Swinson’s voting record on welfare is harsh and her voting record on climate change is mixed. The Brexit party deny climate change and Tories refuse to take it seriously. Labours policies are not radical enough on climate change, spending and nuclear armoury. Why I support the Labour Party Simon Perry I am voting Labour because I am conservative. This means, I want to conserve human wellbeing and reject belief in destructive utopias. The centrist status quo is a destructive utopia: unwitting and unquestioning belief in infinite economic growth (in a finite planet) is, by definition, utopian. It is destructive because once all avenues of growth have been exhausted, profiteers turn to plunder our public institutions and dry-roast our planet. Since no right-minded nation would allow this, a new economic ideology has emerged in the last generation. It has no respect for democracy — but must maintain democratic appearances[vi]. It enables wealthy donors to control governmental decisions (lobbyism)[vii]. It sues democracies for protecting people against profiteers (Ttip)[viii]. It creates massive ideological apparatus to ensure the public remain oblivious (PR).[ix] It removes regulations designed to protect people from predatory capitalism (deregulation). It raises money not by taxing the powerful but by reducing support for society’s weakest members (austerity). It seizes public assets from which it might profit (privatisation). It creates legitimate anger amongst the populace, and directs that anger away from those who caused this crisis, to society’s weakest members (populism). Although it penetrates the psyche of every modern person, like a cancer it remains almost undetectable until it is too late. It is called Neoliberalism. No major political party had the courage to challenge it, until in 2015 the Labour Party elected a leader to do just that. No, he is not the Messiah. But for the first time in a generation there is a major political party standing in defiance of this global, demonic force. And inevitably, its leader has become the most demonised, maligned, misreported figure in the history of British politics[x]. Such is the fate of any major leader to take this stand[xi]. Neoliberal forces are an ecocidal boa-constrictor slowly crushing the life out of humanity. Meanwhile, the Church is oblivious, the prophets are silent, and the evangelists are preoccupied clipping the toenails of humanity and calling it ‘salvation’. In our generation the Church has failed to stand against the ‘principalities and powers.’ It is high time we started. Under Blair (whom Thatcher described as her ‘proudest achievement’) Labour came to treasure Thatcher’s beloved Neoliberalism. The Brexit and Conservative Parties uphold Neoliberal policies. The Lib Dems remain complicit in the Neoliberal programme (if we consult voting records). Change UK have done nothing to change the Neoliberal stranglehold on our country, but quietly endorse it. Greens, SNP and Plaid have never attracted major corporate funding and as such are often fiercely resistant to Neoliberalism. But where is the Church? If God is characterised by Lovingkindness[xii], then the Church cannot worship him whilst remaining ignorant of or silent about the abusive, oppressive, destructive forces of Neoliberal Capitalism. Voting to oppose the Neoliberal agenda is a first step towards halting this all-encompassing evil before it is too late. More, of course, is required of Christians, but certainly not less. Why I support the Liberal Democrats I am deeply concerned about what is happening across the globe at present. Populism is making democracy seem increasingly fragile.[iii] Faced with a global economic crisis, so many of our leaders seem reduced to a state of panic. Right wing extremism is gaining momentum, pushing our right wing parties in the UK further and further towards the right. It is having the same effect on the left: Left wing policies now are pushed further left than most people can even imagine. A drift towards fascism on the right, and Marxism on the left has weakened moderate politics of the centre. It seems that New Labour is now well and truly dead. This means that the Lib Dems are left alone to defend the centre ground. In a world of disintegration, to ‘hold everything together’ is profoundly Christian (see Col 1:16–17). This is not to say though, that I am uncritical of the Lib Dems. Part of the reason I support them is that they have always been consistent, clear and simple in their rejection of Brexit. It speaks of their integrity, a quality today’s politicians lack, especially on the right. My main criticism of the Lib Dems though, is their decision to revoke Article 50 if they get into power. (Ignoring what half the country voted at the 2016 Referendum does not bode well for trying to unify the country after an election). Even so, in the unlikely event that the Lib Dems were voted into power, it would be a democratic decision so may justify this position. And this is a decision made with the best of intention for the wellbeing of our country. Although stopping Brexit is my priority, I believe this is important secondly, for economic reasons as well as to prevent extremism. Remaining in the EU would make us £50 billion bound wealthier and that money could be used to invest in our public services so that the effects of inequality can be effectively tackled.[iv] Thirdly, I think the Lib Dems have a good record and a good plan when it comes to tackling climate change. God’s creation is a gift, and since we have a responsibility to look after it (Gen 1:28; 2:15), voting Lib Dem would help to do exactly that. I cannot vote for Conservative or Brexit partly because their leaders don’t have any credibility, and partly because their economic policies favour the wealthy over the poor. I cannot vote for Labour, because of the tinges of racism. (I don’t find the accusations of antisemitism being worse than other parties at all convincing, but I don’t want to be in a party that could even be accused of racism). My biggest fear of voting Labour is that their economic policy seems fantastic but undeliverable — and will probably result in the unrest we experienced in the 70s.[v] I have not considered the Green party because although I like their leaders, and trust them, I think they are still too small to make a difference and where I live it would be a wasted vote. Why I support TIG4Change David Fleming When I tell people I support TIG4Change I get a lot of reactions — similar to the reactions I get when people find I am a Christian. Some are surprised the party is still going; others liken me to a supporter of St Jude — the Patron Saint of Lost Causes. I have always been politically active, but like many people I was disillusioned with the main parties. Each of them have policies that I cannot, with integrity, support. In each of them I have detected elements that are hostile to people of faith in a way that made me feel unwelcome. Above all, there was the feeling that they all had a vested interest in maintaining the dysfunctional, established system rather than challenging it or changing it. I felt the system needed a new approach, and all the existent parties seemed to offer was tinkering around the edges. When in February a group of moderate, pro-remain MPs broke away from Labour and Conservatives to form what became TIG4Change, I was immediately attracted and excited. They seemed to occupy the same middle ground I was drawn to, with a strong emphasis on social justice and drawing people together. But mainly I liked that they did not offer a pre-selected package of policies that you had to sign up to. As a Baptist, I liked the idea that our MPs do not dictate, but rather, policies are being forged as we speak, largely on social media, by a grassroots body of members who bring no preconceptions as to what the “brand” is. Isn’t it more exciting to be at the genesis of something, and feeling that your voice can actually help shape something? It feels very Baptist! In a recent poll, 75% of people felt the current political system did not work for them. A similar number felt politicians did not care and were only interested in their votes. 60% felt they had no say in what the government does, and voter engagement is steadily declining, year on year. Only a third of people say they are interested in politics. But politics affects the whole of our lives — the education we receive, the care and treatment we get, the environment we enjoy and the housing we live in. It matters. Movements like TIG4Change offer a chance for people like me to discover a voice and perhaps, in time, shape what happens in councils and Westminster. There have been setbacks. Some MPs have left the party, and progress has been painfully slow at a time when the world is moving fast (come to think about it, that feels like church too!). With the best will in the world, TIG4Change will not be Storming the ramparts of power soon. But it feels like I am part of a mustard seed. And we all know what can happen to a mustard seed. [i]Conservative Manifesto, 2019. p5 https://vote.conservatives.com/our-plan [ii]More than 4 million people in the UK are trapped in deep poverty, meaning their income is at least 50% below the official breadline, locking them into a weekly struggle to afford the most basic living essentials. 14.3 million in the UK are in poverty, 4.5 million were in deep poverty — a third of all those on the breadline, and 7% of the population. (Social Metrics Commission 2019). A British Medical Journal report concluded that austerity was at the heart of the rise in rough-sleeping from 1,768 in 2010 to 4,751 in 2017 — although charities believed the true figure was much higher. (https://www.independent.co..uk 2019) More than 130,000 deaths in the UK since 2012 could have been prevented if improvements in public health policy had not stalled as a direct result of austerity cuts. (Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) 2019) [iii]William Galston (Apr 2018) ‘The Populist Challenge to Liberal Democracy’ in Journal of Democracy: https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/the-populist-challenge-to-liberal-democracy/ [iv]https://www.libdems.org.uk/plan [v]The conclusion drawn by the independent Institute for Fiscal Studies: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=6&v=jL2_yy96ncU&feature=emb_logo [vi] E.g., in the EU, Varoufakis cites the outburst of the German Finance Minister at his first Eurogroup meeting: “elections cannot be allowed to change established economic policy.” Similarly in the US, the Democrat Nominee, Hillary Clinton, was recorded expressing her contempt for democracy: “I do not think we should have pushed for an election in the Palestinian territories. I think that was a big mistake. And if we were going to push for an election, then we should have made sure that we did something to determine who was going to win.” [vii]See (2014) ‘The Truth About Lobbying: 10 Ways Big Business Controls Government’ in The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/mar/12/lobbying-10-ways-corprations-influence-government [viii]Provost and Kennard (2015) ‘The Obscure Legal System that lets Corporations sue States’ in The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jun/10/obscure-legal-system-lets-corportations-sue-states-ttip-icsid [ix]See Noam Chomsky (1997), ‘Market Democracy in a Neoliberal Order: Doctrines and Reality’ in Z Magazine. https://chomsky.info/199711__/ [x]See Ollie McAninch (2019) ‘Jeremy Corbyn is the most smeared politician in history’ in The London Economic. https://www.thelondoneconomic.com/opinion/jeremy-corbyn-is-the-most-smeared-politician-in-history/18/07/ See also the research conducted by Loughborough University: https://www.lboro.ac.uk/news-events/general-election/report-1/ See the report on Corbyn produced by London School of Economics: http://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/research/research-projects/representations-of-jeremy-corbyn See the research conducted by Birkbeck College, University of London: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/news/television-and-online-news-biased-in-coverage-of-labour-crisis-report-claims [xi]This is precisely what I predicted in 2014, ‘…any community, any enterprise, any religion that enables citizens to imagine a genuinely alternative world will find itself closed down by the propaganda or the muscle of the very empire that manufactures belief in freedom of choice.’ (Atheism After Christendom, 2015) [xii]Lovingkindness (hesed in the OT, eleosin the NT) is predominantly directed towards widows, orphans and refugees. It underlies the Liberationist insight that the God of Scripture is ‘biased towards the poor’. Modern interpreters cannot with legitimacy speak of God’s love whilst bracketing out (or paying only lip service to) the weakest, most vulnerable and voiceless members of society. These folk (the anawim) are the people amongst whom the God of Israel makes himself thoroughly at home.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line914
__label__wiki	0.742033	0.742033	Home » Musicians » Rich Perks Rich Perks As a both a guitarist and composer Rich exhibits a keen interest in anything unusual, progressive and innovative. As well as being an active gigging musician, he is currently studying for his PhD at Brunel University where he specialises in constructing compositional methodologies for improvising musicians. Rich started playing guitar at the age of twelve and after being in several rock covers bands at school and college, performing in a variety of clubs and pubs up and down the country, Rich moved to Southampton to study Mathematics. During this time he held the guitarist chair in the Southampton University Jazz Orchestra (SUJO) for three years, playing venues all over the UK as well as at the North Sea Jazz Festival (Holland), plus several dates at the prestigious Montreux Jazz Festival (Switzerland). In his final year in SUJO, Rich was elected as band President and composed and arranged several pieces for their repertoire. Throughout this period Rich studied privately with Dave Marchant. After graduating from Southampton in the summer of 2003, Rich moved back to London and joined the 'power-funk' outfit Monsterhorns as well as several function bands, with which he performed many gigs around London. In the autumn of that year Rich enrolled at the Guitar Institute, on the degree programme, to study his instrument further under Shaun Baxter (The Shaun Baxter Band/ Carl Palmer band) and Iain Scott (Frank Gambale/ Afterburner), where he graduated in June 2006. It was through studying an array of improvising styles, as well as composition, that Rich developed his interest in the amalgamation of different idioms and methodologies within abstract contemporary musical contexts. At this time, Rich was performing as a guitarist with several bands and played at many venues around London including Bush Hall and the Shepards Bush Empire. After graduating from the Guitar Institute, Rich was offered the teaching position of Head of Guitar at the International Centre for Music in Qatar (Middle East) which he accepted and held for a year. Over this time he performed intensely with Doha Jazz (a jazz quartet in Qatar), playing over 120 gigs in nine months. In the summer of 2007, Rich returned to London to pursue his Masters Degree in Contemporary Music at Brunel University, where he specialised in improvisation and composition. Here he studied under Richard Barrett and Christopher Fox, whilst receiving private instrumental tuition from Mike Outram. At this time he retained several residencies in London bars and clubs and worked on various projects as a session musician, performing around the UK and Europe. Following his MMus graduation in the summer of 2009, Rich's debut album Imposition - a culmination of the compositional ideas explored at Brunel - was released independently and is available from this site. Rich has recently accepted an unconditional offer for a place on a PhD course from Brunel University, conducting research under supervisors Peter Wiegold and Colin Riley. He is currently performing as a guitarist with several ensembles around London and has recently started his own improvisation based ensemble, Noise Collective. Rich has performed live with: Matti Caspi (London Metropole - 2005) Ed Jones ('Incognito' - Turner Sims- Southampton - 2002) Dick Heckstall-Smith ('Incognito/ DHS group' - Southampton University Jazz Club - 2002) Rich has performed live at workshops/ Masterclasses with: Hamish Stewart ('Average White Band'- Guitar Institute - Masterclass) Billy Cobham ('Herbie Hancock et al'- Guildhall School of Music and Drama- Jazz Workshop) Show less Credentials/Background Education Rich is currently studying for his PhD at Brunel University, specialising in composition and improvisation. Prior to this he was awarded a Masters Degree in Contemporary Music from Brunel University, a First Class Bachelors Degree in Music from the internationally acclaimed Guitar Institute (affiliated with Thames Valley University and the London College of Music and Media) and a First Class Bachelors Degree in Mathematics from Southampton University. Other music qualifications include Grade 8 Electric Guitar and Grade 8 Electric Bass (Trinity college of Music/Rockschool) and Grade 8 Music Theory (ABRSM) Education Rich is currently studying for his PhD at Brunel University, specialising in composition and improvisation. Prior to this he was awarded a Masters Degree in Contemporary Music from Brunel University, a First Class Bachelors Degree in Music from the internationally acclaimed Guitar Institute (affiliated with Thames Valley University and the London College of Music and Media) and a First Class Bachelors Degree in Mathematics from Southampton University. Other music qualifications include Grade 8 Electric Guitar and Grade 8 Electric Bass (Trinity college of Music/Rockschool) and Grade 8 Music Theory (ABRSM). Teaching Experience With over ten years of teaching experience, Rich can give instruction in a variety of styles including jazz, rock, classical, blues, pop and funk and also offers preparation for electric, classical and theory Graded Examinations. He is a member of the Registry of Guitar Tutors (RGT) and teaches all levels for Havering and Barking & Dagenham Music Services. Rich previously held the position of Head of Guitar at the International Centre of Music (Doha, Qatar) from August 2006 to July 2007. During this time he was responsible for more than 50 students whom he taught on a peripatetic basis (electric guitar/ bass and classical guitar) and was also the coordinator for ABRSM Classical Guitar Exams. All of Rich's entries that year achieved at least Merit passes. Rich also teaches privately. Email Rich on: r_perks@hotmail.com Albums by Rich Perks Imposition- new album... Born: March 3, 1982 Help improve the Rich Perks page All About Jazz musician pages are maintained by musicians, publicists and trusted members like you. Interested? Tell us why you would like to improve the Rich Perks musician page. Contact Rich Perks	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line927
__label__wiki	0.884207	0.884207	HomePoliticsDistrict 38 makes its picks to replace Fansler District 38 makes its picks to replace Fansler Three Southwest Alaska names have been chosen by District 38 Democrats, and two of the names belong to former mayors of Bethel. The third runs a job training program. Anyone of them could be the next state representative. Or the governor could go his own way and pick someone else. District 38 lost representation when Rep. Zach Fansler had to resign from office, effective Feb. 12. He had been accused of various abuses of a woman in a hotel room in Juneau a month earlier — slapping and such — although charges have never been filed. Fansler had only held the job for a year, after ousting longtime Democrat Bob Herron. Led by Fansler’s legislative aide Ben Anderson-Agimuk, who suddenly. became District 38 chair for the Alaska Democratic Party, Democrats took applications from interested persons over last week and chose from among them: Yvonne Jackson Yvonne Jackson, runs job training programs at the Association of Village Council Presidents, a nonprofit tribal organization in Bethel. Jackson, 28, is registered as a Democrat but in voter roles lists her address in Anchorage, according to at least one recent voter database, and she has spent several years working and studying in Anchorage. Born in Bethel and raised in Kasigluk, she completed her associate’s degree in Anchorage in 2105. Raymond “Thor” Williams, former Bethel mayor who has worked in substance abuse for the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corp. Williams, 50, is a registered Democrat in Bethel. Originally from the East Coast, he has been a resident of Bethel for over 20 years and serves on the Bethel City Council; he was mayor from 2005-2006. He also serves on the Lower Kuskokwin School District Board. Tiffany Zulkosky Tiffany Zulkosky, a former Bethel mayor. A database search of Zulkosky, 34, shows that she is not currently a registered Democrat, but is a registered “other. Born and raised in Bethel, she is of Yup’ik and Polish descent and is vice president of communications for the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation. She earned a bachelor’s degree in organizational communication from Northwest University and master’s in public administration from the University of Alaska Southeast. Gov. Bill Walker has until March 12 to pick from among the three names he has received, or a person of his own choosing, such as he did for District 40s replacement of Dean Westlake with John Lincoln, and as he has tried to do in Senate Seat E, with less success. House District 38 covers a rural part of Southwest Alaska that has Bethel as its hub. One person has filed for the District 38 House seat that will be on the ballot this year: Darren Deacon, a Native from the village of Kalskag, has filed to run for the Fansler’s old seat as a Republican. Alaska gasline agency gets 'tough love' from federal regulators The end of art in Juneau	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line928
__label__wiki	0.917805	0.917805	News > Jobs & Economy SAVE \| EMAIL \| PRINT \| Project 'scrap-that-tax,' day 1 President Bush has called for a 'simpler, fairer' tax code. What does that mean? February 16, 2005: 4:33 PM EST By Krysten Crawford, CNN/Money staff writer NEW YORK (CNN/Money) - Before he leaves office in 2008, President Bush wants April 15 to become a kinder, gentler -- though not necessarily cheaper -- day for taxpayers. On Wednesday, a bipartisan panel appointed by the president got to work, the first of many meetings that will take place before the July 31 deadline for proposing changes to the federal income tax code. The panel is led by former senators Connie Mack (R.-Fla.) and John Breaux (D.-La.). The federal income tax code, in its current form, has few fans. Among the litany of problems cited during Wednesday's meeting: taxpayers spend $115 billion and some 3 billion hours a year complying with a tax code that consists of more than a million words and 600 different forms, schedules and instructions. Then there are the countless critics who claim some individuals unfairly pay proportionally higher taxes than others. But there's widespread disagreement on the solutions needed to fix the system. The most radical idea, espoused by many Republicans, would be to scrap the current income tax code in favor of a consumption tax. By doing so, the government would shift from taxing individuals based on the money they earn to taxing them based on the money they spend. Another widely-discussed option is to set up a scheme that combines both income and consumption taxes, a dual system that's common in western Europe. Giving Guidance Bush has not publicly specified the changes he envisions. He has charged the 9-member panel with finding ways to make the system "fairer," "simpler," and "more pro-growth." He wants proposals to be revenue neutral, meaning they would neither increase nor lower the overall amount of tax dollars collected by the federal government. Bush has also suggested that, in any new tax scheme, incentives remain for home ownership and charitable donations. At Wednesday's inaugural meeting, all signs indicated that the panel considers its options unlimited. After former Internal Revenue Service chief counsel Fred Goldberg Jr. gave an overview of the federal income tax code since its inception in 1913, three other experts testified on consumption-tax models, which include a sales tax, a flat tax, and a value-added tax. A flat tax is a single rate levied at all income levels. The current code does the opposite: tax rates are levied at different levels at different incomes. The value-added tax, meanwhile, is a type of sales tax in which goods and services are taxed at each stage of production. By the time consumers make their purchase, the sales price includes all the taxes paid. William Gale, a co-director of the Tax Policy Center, a nonpartisan tax advisory group, spoke out in favor of improving the current tax code instead of scrapping it. A "wholesale" shift to a consumption tax, he warned, would create too much instability and be "fraught with problems." It's too soon to tell what the panel, due to meet again March 3, has in store. But tax experts agree on at least two things. One, Bush has until 2007, when attention shifts to the next presidential election, to push a tax reform package through Congress. Two, taxpayers can expect, if not a complete overhaul, at least some changes to the federal income tax code. William Beach, a director of The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, says Congress enacts major tax reform every 15 or so years. Legislators are constantly adding tax incentives and closing loopholes to achieve immediate goals. Over time, said Beach, "you get all these provisions in the tax code that become inconsistent with other provisions and so we do (clean it up) every once in awhile." Beach says it happened in 1954, in 1968 and again in 1986. "We're a little overdue," said Beach, noting that nearly two decades have passed since the last overhaul. Since then, according to testimony at Wednesday's meeting, there have been 10,000 amendments to the code. More Economy Land O'Lakes CEO Beth Ford, from the cornfield to the C-suite Goldman Sachs slants research to help Democrats, top White House adviser says China says it will never use its currency as a weapon in the trade war	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line932
__label__wiki	0.759859	0.759859	Subject: Pimp My Ride: Tata Motors Looks to Burnish its Brand URL: http://mney.co/1dG0OFH 9 × = 81 Required Please enter the correct value. Pimp My Ride: Tata Motors Looks to Burnish its Brand By Jason Simpkins, Managing Editor, Money Morning • November 9, 2007 By Jason Simpkins Tata Motors Ltd. (TTM), India's largest auto manufacturer by revenue, is aiming to expand – and not just by sales or geography. The automaker that's looking to bring the world a fully featured $2,500 car is now aiming at the other end of the price spectrum and has joined rival Mahindra & Mahindra (MAHMF) and U.S. buyout group One Equity to pursue the upscale Jaguar and Land Rover brands put up on the auction block by embattled U.S. carmaker Ford Motor Co., (F). The list of potential suitors is a long one, the Financial Times reported. Tata is largely a domestic company that relies heavily on truck sales. It was originally founded in 1945 as Tata Engineering and Locomotive Co. Ltd., a manufacturer of locomotives and engineering products. From there, the company slowly morphed into a producer of medium-sized commercial vehicles. Two years ago, the company caught a huge break when Indian authorities began to crack down on drivers with overloaded trucks, a regulatory nightmare for shippers that translated into a nice sales increase for Tata – especially after it introduced a bare-bones light truck with an unheard-of sticker price of only $5,100. The smallish vehicle may not have been a monster truck, but it was a certified monster hit: Tata sold 100,000 of them in only 20 months. Tata also has created a profitable niche for itself as a premier manufacturer of affordable compact cars for India's middle-class. A successful acquisition of the Jaguar and Land Rover brands would greatly bolster Tata Motors' image and global reach. It would also be the perfect complement to the company's current plan to build the world's cheapest passenger vehicle – the "one-lakh car," which, at current exchange rates, would sell for about $2,500. "If one wants a brand, which is recognized as one of the top brands in a space, one has to play in the premium end of the market," Bharti Gupta Ramola, head of financial advisory services at PricewaterhouseCoopers told the Hindustan Times. "Mergers and acquisitions are, perhaps, the only quick way to build a brand. To do so from scratch requires a lot of time and investment." However, some analysts think Tata Motors' may be in over its head. Both Jaguar and Land Rover have large, unionized work forces that would make the transference of design and engineering work to India difficult. Additionally, the company could face integration problems as it attempts to merge its commercial trucking and low-cost passenger vehicle segments with high-end, low-volume U.K. brands. Worse, signs that the company is losing ground domestically are starting to emerge. Amid growing competition from Daimler AG (DAI), AB Volvo (VOLV), and MAN AG, Tata's heavy truck sales declined 8.9% in the quarter ended September 30. That has led some analysts to believe that such a weighty acquisition might drain the company of significant resources at a crucial time. "This deal would be a turn of the roulette table as far as Tata Motors is concerned," a banker familiar with the group told the Financial Times. But Tata Motors isn't deterred. Nor is its parent company, Tata Sons Ltd., one of India's industrial heavyweights, and a firm that's no novice when it comes to mergers and acquisitions. To date, the group has spent an estimated total of $15.5 billion on foreign acquisitions. That includes Tata Tea's $407 million buyout of U.K- based Tetley tea brand in 2000 and Tata Steel Ltd.'s hefty $12 billion acquisition of Corus Group PLC earlier this year. Tata Motors is one of three bidders that has been short-listed by Ford and invited to meet union leaders on Nov. 20. Should Tata make a good impression and land a deal, it could be a make or break moment for the company. News and Related Story Links: Money Morning: Why India Is Losing the Race with China – and What It Can Do to Gain Ground Will One or Two Degrees Make A Difference In Emerging Markets? China Gets the Buzz, but India Gets the Cash, and Leads in Private Equity Infrastructure Investment India Stock Soars with Reliance and Tata Steel Out in Front Snapshot From India: Advice on Stocks, the Rupee, High Tech and Real Estate Tata looks at risky turn in UK move Hindustan Times: Land Rover, Jaguar bid fits into Tata strategy Tags: Cars, India Going Green & Going Global: The Future of the Automotive Industry says: […] isn't the only company to pounce on a luxury brand either. Tata Motors Ltd. (TTM) is the leading candidate to obtain Ford's Jaguar and Land Rover brands. Tata Motors is a well-known player in the Indian automotive market. While primarily a truck […]	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line933
__label__wiki	0.983972	0.983972	Collective Soul - 2014 Ed Roland – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards Dean Roland – rhythm guitar Will Turpin – bass, backing vocals Johnny Rabb – drums, percussion Jesse Triplett – lead guitar collectivesoul.com Hailing from the city of Atlanta, Georgia, Collective Soul shot to international fame with their 1993 release Hints, Allegations and Things Left Unsaid, and their mega #1 hit "Shine." The album was a collection of Ed Roland's demos that spread quickly through the college underground circuit and caught fire, going on to achieve Double-Platinum status. After having been invited to the 25th Anniversary Woodstock concert, Collective Soul went into the studio to record their sophomore follow up. The self-titled Collective Soul, released in March of 1995, would be the album that would help define their sound of catchy melodies and guitar driven songs. Containing four outstanding singles (three of which reached #1), "December," "The World I Know," "Where The River Flows," and "Gel," it became Collective Soul's highest selling album to date. The album went Triple-Platinum and spent 76 weeks on the Billboard Top 200 charts. Collective Soul went back into the studio and vented their spleen on 1997's Platinum Disciplined Breakdown, which produced two more #1 hits, "Precious Declaration" and "Listen." 1999 brought the album Dosage, a critically acclaimed set of songs that fans count as the band's best. The album took a meticulous six months to record, and provided another strong showing for the band, producing the #1 hit song "Heavy," which would take the top Billboard spot for a (then) record of 15 weeks. Of the band's 5th studio album, Rolling Stone cheered, "Blender simply shreds with unapologetic classic-rock energy." Blender offered three more radio heavy smash hits with "Why, Part 2," "Vent" and "Perfect Day," a duet with Sir Elton John. After releasing a Greatest Hits set entitled 7even Year Itch: Greatest Hits 1994-2001, Collective Soul ended their contract with Atlantic Records and created their own label El Music Group. The first release on the label was Youth (2004). The lyrics, in particular "Better Now," declared the band's newfound confidence and independence. Two more records and a concert DVD were released under the El Music Group imprint in 2005 and 2006: the EP From The Ground Up and Home – their lush, live, concert event with the Atlanta City Youth Orchestra. In 2007 the band made an exclusive deal with all Target stores to be the sole seller of their 7th Studio album, Afterwords. The fans dug it, opening at #25 on the Billboard Comprehensive Albums Chart and #5 on the Billboard Top Internet Albums Chart, proving Collective Soul was now conquering the digital world. The album was later released wide on El Music Group. "Tremble For My Beloved" found Collective Soul on the soundtrack to one of the hottest movies of 2008 – Twilight. "We heard through the grapevine that Stephanie Meyer was a fan of Collective Soul's music and lyrics," says Ed. Expanding to tweens opened up a whole new audience for the band. In 2009, a new label and new momentum. Collective Soul released their latest studio effort Collective Soul, on Roadrunner Records. In 2010, Collective Soul parted ways with Roadrunner Records and returned to El Music Group. The band is currently touring and working in the studio to record a brand new album, set for release later in 2014.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line936
__label__wiki	0.985354	0.985354	Parties cancel General Election events after London Bridge terror attack November 29, 2019 10:02:02 PM Several General Election campaign events have been cancelled after a terrorist killed two people in a knife rampage in central London. Prime Minister Boris Johnson was due to campaign in the capital on Saturday, but is understood to have cancelled his planned events following the London Bridge attack. Labour has scrapped an “NHS summit” which was due to be held in Yorkshire, and the Liberal Democrats will no longer go ahead with their Stop Brexit rally in London. Both Labour and the Tories cancelled campaigning in the capital on Friday evening, and Mr Johnson and Jeremy Corbyn were understood to have spoken by phone following the incident. Several people were stabbed by the knifeman before he was grappled to the ground and disarmed by members of the public on London Bridge. He was shot dead by police. Metropolitan Police Commissioner Cressida Dick confirmed two people died, and three others were injured. Politicians paid tribute to the emergency services and the public for their response to the attack, during a seven-way election debate on the BBC. The debate dealt with Brexit, the economy, the NHS and immigration, among other issues, although neither Mr Johnson nor Mr Corbyn were present. On how Labour would pay for their plans, shadow business secretary Rebecca Long-Bailey said: “What we bring in in tax receipts, that’s what we spend on our public services – it’s simple as that. “What we invest in critical infrastructure, we will borrow to invest.” Treasury minister Rishi Sunak replied: “I can give you this commitment – that under the Conservatives, under our fully costed plans, the national debt at the end of the Parliament will be lower. “Now all of that would be put at risk by what we’ve heard are Labour’s absolutely reckless spending plans.” BBC presenter Nick Robinson with (left to right) Adam Price, Caroline Lucas, Rebecca Long Bailey, Rishi Sunak, Richard Tice, Nicola Sturgeon and Jo Swinson (Hannah McKay/PA) On Brexit, Liberal Democrat leader Jo Swinson said: “I’m sorry to have to say this, but we’re so not far along on this Brexit journey – we’re like in episode one of a 10-season box set, and if you don’t like what you’ve seen up to now, you don’t have to watch the rest.” Ms Long-Bailey was challenged on whether she would support a new Brexit deal secured by Mr Corbyn, to which she replied: “MPs will choose how they want to vote on this, but in terms of my own personal position, I will wait to see what the deal looks like – if it’s an economically credible deal, whether it protects workers’ rights etc, etc.” “What a cop out,” said Brexit Party chairman Richard Tice. The politicians were also asked if they would use Britain’s nuclear weapons to defend the country if it was under nuclear attack. Ms Long-Bailey said the protection of the British people is “paramount” for any PM, adding: “They would need to look at the circumstances and of course they would need to take action if necessary.” SNP leader Nicola Sturgeon said “no, absolutely and emphatically not”. The Green Party’s Caroline Lucas and Plaid Cymru’s Adam Price also took part in the debate. Ahead of the debate, Mr Johnson told Brexit supporters they must vote Tory to prevent a “hung, broken Parliament” that cannot deliver their desires, as he attempted to shift the election focus back on to the EU. The PM vowed on Friday that he would get the UK out of the bloc by January 31, “no ifs, no buts”, by bringing his deal back before Parliament before Christmas. Boris Johnson, centre, spoke alongside Leave allies Michael Gove and Gisela Stuart (Dominic Lipinski/PA) The Conservative leader’s comments alongside key Vote Leave allies in a Westminster press conference came after a poll suggested Brexit-backers hold the key to winning the December 12 election. Flanked by senior Cabinet minister Michael Gove and former Labour MP Gisela Stuart, Mr Johnson warned voters that Brexit would be further “delayed, denied” if they do not deliver a Tory majority. He said: “Our first move would be to bring the Withdrawal Agreement Bill back before Christmas, and then leave the EU on January 31. “No ifs, no buts – we’ll get it done,” Mr Johnson added. Meanwhile, the PM committed to “ensuring that the public sector buys British”, and to introducing a new state aid regime that would make it easier for the Government to intervene in ailing industries. He also vowed to “take steps to ensure” his proposed Australian-style points-based immigration system “is in place” by January 1, 2021. Ms Stuart said she will “vote for Brexit” by backing the Tories instead of her former party Labour. (PA Graphics) She added: “I urge other Leave voters across the country to join me in voting for Brexit once more by voting for Boris Johnson on December 12, so that we can finish the job we have started, so that we can get Brexit done, and we can take back control.” The press conference came after a powerful YouGov poll for The Times suggested the Tories are on course for a majority of 68, with Labour’s support interpreted as crumbling in Leave-backing seats. According to the BBC, the research prompted Labour to shift its campaign strategy to shore up support in those areas, including its heartlands in the north of England and the Midlands. Mr Johnson was also forced to defend himself live on air by a single mother who accused him of stigmatising her sons, who are now successful professionals, in articles written when he was a journalist. He said his comments in the Spectator magazine in 1995 that children of single mothers were “ill-raised, ignorant, aggressive and illegitimate” had been taken out of context.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line937
__label__wiki	0.827445	0.827445	F1 TV Motorsport Broadcasting The inside line on motor sport and broadcasting. Category: 05. 2013 Review My review of BBC’s and Sky’s Formula 1 coverage in 2013. A tale of two halves as TV ratings increase slightly January 4, 2014 August 1, 2014 David Nelson10 Comments The 2013 Formula 1 season brought in a higher viewership than 2012 in the United Kingdom, according to unofficial overnight viewing figures. However, a deeper look inside the figures shows that the season was a tale of two halves. The season, when taking into account Sky’s longer running time for each race programme, averaged 4.11m across the nineteen races on BBC One and Sky Sports F1. This is an increase of 130k (or 3.3%) on the 3.98m average recorded for 2012, but is again down on the figures recorded between 2009 and 2011 when Formula 1 was exclusively live on the BBC. Despite an overall increase, viewing figures dropped a million viewers from the first half to the second half of the season. The first half of the season averaged 4.58m (2012: 4.06m), whilst the second half of the season averaged 3.59m (2012: 3.89m), a 27.6% drop compared with a 4.4% drop in 2012. BBC’s Formula 1 coverage was the reason for the increase, averaging 3.42m viewers throughout 2013 for their race-day coverage, compared with 3.22m in 2012, an increase of 6.2%. The main source of the increase was the high German Grand Prix highlights rating, which averaged 5.15m and benefited from following the Wimbledon final. Removing this would still keep 2013 above 2012 for the BBC. Nevertheless, the first half of the season averaged 3.81m (2012: 3.21m), with the second half averaging 3.00m (2012: 3.23m), a 27.0% drop compared with a 0.6% increase last year, slightly below the overall average drop. It shows how well the first half of the season did, helped not only by the German Grand Prix, but also the controversial Malaysian Grand Prix. Unlike BBC, Sky Sports F1’s coverage dropped throughout. When putting it on a level playing field with the BBC, the main part of their race-day programming averaged 685k, down on the 767k recorded in 2012, a decrease of 12.0%. There is no particular race that struggled, but rather an overall declining picture for the channel compared with 2012. 770k (2012: 855k) watched the first half of the season with Sky, this number dropping to 590k (2012: 659k) for the latter half of the season. In both 2012 and 2013, Sky’s coverage has dropped across the season: a decrease of 30.5% compared with a 29.7% drop in 2012. The F1 Broadcasting Blog says: The season from a ratings perspective can only be described as a tale of two halves in about every possible way. From a television point of view, producers would expect and hope for the season to start slowly and then build to a crescendo towards the end, 2008 is a perfect example of that with the Lewis Hamilton and Felipe Massa battle bubbling up at several points in the season before the season finale. 2013 was almost the opposite in that round two had the biggest story of the entire year, with Mark Webber and Sebastian Vettel’s on track battle. It was downhill from there. Casual fans love stories like that. Sadly though for companies around the world, it was never followed up on where the on track action was concerned. There was no juicy follow up, and I don’t think Webber and Vettel ever got close on track again. Instead, the second half of the season seen Vettel dominate, and viewing figures plunge. I imagine, although I cannot verify, that a similar picture was repeated around the world. I’d be surprised if the UK was an anomaly given the context of the season. Which leads me onto double points. AUTOSPORT has learned that teams were pressured into supporting the move because they were told by Bernie Ecclestone that television companies and race promoters had asked for a way to ensure the world title battle was kept alive for longer. – AUTOSPORT – December 20th Obviously broadcasters can see the ratings as soon as they are released and may well have done the same comparisons as I have shown above. Has one of them forced Formula One Management (FOM) to press the panic button? I think they did. And rather stupidly too, given that 2013 was definitely not a typical season in terms of layout. As good as the Webber and Vettel story was, the other stories, the public simply don’t care about, for example the ‘tyre test’ and the outcome of that. They care about personalities. More of Webber and Vettel, less of the tyres which I suspect no one out of the Formula 1 bubble really cares about. A good season for the BBC, they will be pleased to be up versus 2012. Yes, they did drop in the latter half of the season, but given the context, it is difficult to have expected anything different. What I would say is that the BBC ratings do show is that Formula 1 needs to keep the terrestrial television presence, which I hope continues beyond 2018, although that is a long, long way away yet. Whilst Sky’s decline in the latter half of the season is unsurprising, the first half of the season also declined, which was not a good sign from the get-go. From a ratings perspective, they desperately need stability and avoid the free-fall continuing into 2014. How do they do that? Unlike BBC, which is purely dependent on the on-track action, Sky need to consider how Formula 1 is packaged within their portfolio of channels. Limiting who can, and cannot view Formula 1, and punishing people through loopholes is not the way to go. At the end of the day (and this will apply to BT Sport with MotoGP too), Sky need to make their coverage more accessible to people and not price them out of the market. I’m not sure that will happen, and if it doesn’t happen, then I only see viewing figures continuing to drop for Sky. The aim of the game needs to be to get Formula 1 ratings in the UK back up to the levels seen between 2009 and 2011. And who knows, for the moment, 2014 may be make or break where that is concerned. December 29, 2013 August 1, 2014 David Nelson9 Comments The first four parts of the 2013 verdict looked back at the year gone by and analysed both the BBC and Sky Sports F1 products, along with their respective teams. But of course while Formula 1 plays a large part in this blog (hence the blog name), it is easy every so often to get wrapped in the Formula 1 bubble. Which in why in 2013, I have been trying to cover more than just Formula 1 on the blog, on both two and four wheels. Sometimes, in the broadcasting and media world, you have to look at the bigger picture to see what patterns are emerging, to see where the landscape is heading, to see what could be the next big thing. Enter BT Sport. Launching on August 1st, 2013, BT has only been on air for five months. March 2014 will signal the beginning of their MotoGP coverage. Sitting here, writing this at the end of 2013, we still do not know who will form part of the line-up. Obviously first impressions are vital, so it will be interesting to see who is announced, no doubt within the next month I imagine. I hope that viewing figures are good for MotoGP, but we will only get the full picture after a few races of the season. Critically, they need a championship battle to last for the majority of the season to prevent viewing figures dropping. Of course, the figures will be lower than BBC, I just hope by not a huge amount. Another story in 2014 will be the Formula E rights announcement, which will be make up break for the series. If it is not on terrestrial television, then it will simply blend in with the rest and won’t stand out, simple as. If they want the concept to be successful in this country, it needs to be easily accessible. Time will tell. And then of course we have all the usual Formula 1 discussion, from both BBC and Sky, home and abroad. Year three of a seven year contract means that both sides should have firmly settled in, although like last year, we could well see some surprising changes. Along with that there will be the usual ratings analysis, will the draw of the ‘2014 formula’ bring viewers back to Formula 1 again, or will viewing figures slip down a notch further? A lot of questions ahead for 2014, some bigger than others, and it looks set to be another interesting year on the broadcasting front. Sky Sports F1’s output: The 2013 Verdict December 24, 2013 December 24, 2013 David NelsonLeave a comment The first two parts of the 2013 verdict looked at both the BBC and Sky Sports teams, as I looked at each individual’s contributions. The third part focussed on BBC F1’s programming, and suggested potential improvements. Part four switches attention again to look at Sky Sports F1’s programming over the course of the season, whilst the final part will cast an eye into the future as 2014 draws ever nearer. Although the programming during a race weekend has largely stayed the same, it is the schedule outside of the race weekend which has seen the most movement. Before a Formula 1 weekend gets under way, Sky screen the Thursday FIA press conference, along with a ‘Gear Up for…’ programme which is a summary of the interviews precluding a race weekend. Their main action, however, begins on Friday’s with live coverage of practice. Sky’s coverage formally begins with live coverage of all three practice sessions. The build-up for each session is typically 15 minutes long (Australia FP1 the exception at 30 minutes) with Simon Lazenby hosting the Friday sessions and Natalie Pinkham hosting third practice on Saturday morning. During the session itself, Sky take the World Feed, except this season they have done things a bit differently compared with 2012. Many would have noticed Sky cutting away from FOM’s feed in last season. In comparison, this season they have adopted a split screen approach, which I personally prefer as long as it is not overused. There was nothing more annoying than Sky cutting away from the World Feed, so the split screen was a good replacement. As the season went on, I feel that they did get the balance near enough to okay, just got to make sure that when split screen is used, there is a justifiable reason to use it. Another addition to the practice coverage, and in general was Sky putting captions over FOM’s graphics, which was a nice addition from time to time. The actual look and feel aside from the above did not really change: David Croft and Anthony Davidson were on commentary and the issues surrounding practice three and going off air earlier remained. Martin Brundle did stand at a corner of the circuit explaining differences he sees in car vs car and driver vs driver, but as I noted in part two, this really could benefit with a camera being down there with him. Like I said though, I’m not sure how possible this is. The only annoyance for me is Sky still rushing off air after practice three for no apparent reason, sometimes only three or four minutes after a session has ended. Aside from that, the coverage Sky provide for practice is good and not much more can be suggested here. The F1 Show Throughout 2012, The F1 Show was live on Friday’s, from either a race track or the studio, with Ted Kravitz and Georgie Thompson presenting. It was by far the best part of Sky Sports F1’s coverage, with Kravitz and Thompson presenting week in and out a high quality show. The duo were great together with a lot of rapport and were liked by viewers. Despite being on the initial Sky Sports F1 advertising for 2013, Thompson took the decision to head for pastures new, meaning it was Natalie Pinkham alongside Kravitz for the first ‘The F1 Show’ of 2013. The majority of editions in 2012 were must see, with some good discussion points. 2013 has not been as good for the show, with the Midweek Report showing it up on occasions. Yes, there have been some good changes, for example featuring GP2 and GP3 more, but I’ve been left feeling that watching some editions has been a chore rather than must watch. Being on Friday’s for non race weeks does not help. I know it was following multi-21, but the highest rated edition was actually aired on a Thursday. Sky appear to be persisting with the Friday slot for 2014. I just don’t think a Friday night works at all when most of its core audience are probably out and not wanting to watch F1. Interestingly, for one episode they did have a heavy social media presence, with people being invited to tweet their thoughts in. Whether that was a test for something in 2014, I don’t know. As it turns out, I really enjoyed that particular episode, but there have not been a huge amount of highlights this year for The F1 Show. I enjoy it still, just not as much as I did in 2012. Pre-Session Unlike in 2012, Sky’s race day programming now has three distinct parts. The track parade tends to take up the first twenty to thirty minutes of the build-up, whilst the remainder of the build-up is discussion and VT based. However, it was always signalled on the EPG as one part, that was until the Indian Grand Prix when the decision was made to have formal introductions for each of the three parts, thus splitting it into three parts. Some say that this was a ratings influenced move and they may well be correct… One complaint last season was that the pre-show just did not have the right flow to it, thankfully the pre-show in 2013 feels more polished and overall a better feel than what it did this time last year. The VT quality has slightly improved as well, with the Sand Grand Prix actually turning out surprisingly well, one of the few things that Sky have hyped this year that have delivered to expectation. On the same level, the mundane VT’s wrapped around breaks have remained, and don’t look like disappearing any more. As thus, expect Foals to be getting a lot more playouts in 2014! The Sky Pad has been used more than ever before in the build-ups, but very effectively too. As I noted previously, moving the Sky Pad outside was probably one of the best decisions Sky made this season, and it paid dividends for them with more attention being paid to drivers’ taking themselves around a lap of a particular circuit in these segments. I don’t think they need to change a thing with the Sky Pad segments for 2014, because they’ve turned something good from 2012 into an absolute gem in 2013 with Anthony Davidson at the helm. Post-Session Throughout the 2012 season, Sky typically went off an air between 90 and 120 minutes after a race had finished. At the beginning of 2012, the difference between Sky and BBC was alarming, as Simon Lazenby and Damon Hill were not the best duo, and the post-race show just felt completely wooden. It did improve a bit, but felt like they were a level below BBC’s previous efforts. They shortened the length slightly for 2013, consistently going off air at about 16:15 for European races. It turned into formally being called ‘Paddock Live’ from India onwards. Whilst the pre-show has undoubtedly improved, it is the post-session coverage that has reaped the rewards in 2013. The post-show is 2012 was fairly structured, but now, with a bit of reworking, I think they have crucially got the structure right. Segments at the Sky Pad with Anthony Davidson looking at key moments from the race, discussion and analysis, and Ted Kravitz’s Notebook now means that Sky Sports F1’s post-race analysis is a step above BBC’s. Obviously, it helps them that BBC have a change in presenter, but credit to them nevertheless. The Notebook’s in 2013 have been better than ever, from testing through to the last race in Brazil. Within the post-race show, the Notebook is normally five to ten minutes long with an extended version on the website. I do think the programming would be significantly weaker without his contributions, as the Notebook makes up a fair chunk of the post-race. Looking ahead to 2014, and I hope the post-race programming continues in the same vein. It is better than BBC’s post-race forum at the moment, so hopefully Sky don’t change for the sake of change. Midweek Report I was debating whether or not to include the Midweek Report as a separate section, but given that it has been a regular in the Sky Sports F1 schedules for the majority of the year, I thought it was necessary to give it its own section. Last year, Sky Sports did not have a midweek Formula 1 show. This year, the Midweek Report started online for the first few rounds with Anna Woolhouse presenting. It was pretty clear how cheap the budget was immediately, the show was filmed in the tightest of studios possible, and against a green screen! Which does not really do it justice. It soon moved to the channel itself from April, which made complete sense. Irrespective of who’s budget the programme comes from, it is an F1 based programme made by Sky Sports, therefore it should be screened on the channel, simple as. The show itself is 30 minutes and is chit chat and discussion with two guests. And the difference between the Midweek Report and The F1 Show is simple. The F1 Show’s ‘guests’ are actually not really guests, but members of Sky’s team. The Midweek Report actually has proper guests. Obviously for its low budget, the guests are not always fantastic (having someone from Planet F1 scraped the barrel), but on other occasions it hit a top note in a big way. After Abu Dhabi, they had Will Buxton and James Calado on. The discussion in that particular show was fantastic, because the guests were actually expressing opinion and not towing any line! It was brilliant and great to see. Midweek Report should continue in 2014, with a bigger budget, proper studio and who knows, maybe it will fully overtake The F1 Show too. It wouldn’t surprise me. Starting at the start, Sky’s 2013 contributions began with a few launches, kicking into gear further with live testing. I really enjoyed the testing coverage from them, with general chit chat and also insight from Mark Priestley. I normally would say that I hope live testing returns for 2014, with testing more critical than ever next season. Three letters, one word: FOM. If Sky want to screen testing live, once again they have to go through them. As always, FOM give Sky access, Sky can’t just walk in and around a live F1 circuit with cameras and start filming. So, we’ll see what happens. Classic F1 has also began on the channel this season, with Sky screening near to 100 classic races. I’ll admit to not watching them all, but it was a much needed addition to the channels schedules and helped fill the gap between races. Hopefully the classics continue for 2014. GP2, GP3, Fast Track and Weekend in Stills have all continued on the channel. In particular, GP2 and GP3 have had a great year, with more fantastic commentary from Buxton and, at times Alex Brundle. GP2 and GP3 are back on Sky Sports for 2014. One problem has continued though: advertising. I’ll keep this to this paragraph, but GP2 and GP3 need advertising. Desperately. How much does it take to knock a 30 second trailer together and air across multiple Sky Sports channels to get the message out? Similar arguably applies for the Midweek Report and Classic F1, although those are more of a case for the Sky social media team to get the message out given that I would expect neither of them to be advertised on-air. I’m hopeful this will improve, but who knows. All good advertising F1, but there is other programming too. From a programming stand-point, Sky have improved leaps and bounds, albeit most of the changes have come outside of the race weekend. Which is good, after all we are talking about a channel here and not one individual programme or airing. The scheduling needs to change on some of the programming (original programming shouldn’t air beyond 23:00 or midnight), but 2013 has improved significantly on 2012’s baseline. BBC F1’s output: The 2013 Verdict December 19, 2013 December 19, 2013 David Nelson4 Comments The first two parts of the 2013 verdict looked at and analysed the BBC and Sky Sports F1 teams, suggesting possible improvements in both areas. Parts three and four switches the focus from the personnel to the programming. Part 3 will look at BBC’s Formula 1 programming. The new deal from 2012 onwards has meant a reduction in what the BBC serves up. Unsurprisingly, some parts of the programming have been affected since, both due to that but also due to personnel changes as I will look at in this piece. The look of practice changed significantly on the BBC this year. From 2009 to 2011, BBC shown every practice session live via its Red Button service. This halved from 2012 with the revised contract, but the raw coverage was the same. The broadcaster was simply taking the Formula One Management (FOM) World Feed from the five minute sting to five minutes after the session with Radio 5 Live’s commentary. For 2013, that changed thanks in part to the significant reductions to the Red Button, which meant that practice was heading to BBC Two. At the time, they touted this as ’40 extra hours of network output’, whilst technically true, of course the raw hours they were showing was not increasing, merely changing stations. It did make me wonder how many people were completely oblivious to them showing practice between 2009 and 2012 behind the Red Button! In any case, the change to BBC Two meant that it had to become a proper programme, start titles, end titles with proper presentation from Suzi Perry and A.N. Other (mostly Gary Anderson). I guess this was okay for what it was, although I was somewhat wondering what the point was when sometimes they only had five minute intro and outro. I can understand having a proper programme if they had more air-time, as they did after the session in Canada, one great example where they had half an hour on BBC Three. I imagine they will continue with proper presentation in 2014, but hopefully they manage to get five or ten more minutes post-session to go with that, instead of rushing off the air. Inside F1 One of the minor parts of BBC’s Formula 1 coverage since 2009 has been the ‘Inside F1’ show. The show has typically aired on the BBC News Channel on Friday’s and Saturday’s at 18:45 during race weekends. It has more recently been fronted by Lee McKenzie on location. Normally, every Formula 1 show has some kind of purpose. Considering its timing, you would say Inside F1 simply aims to wrap up the on-track action for Friday and Saturday respectively. Which is, fair enough, considering its fifteen minute slot. The utter confusion for me comes with one word: Why? And more importantly: Who?. Why is BBC’s F1 team still filming this show, and secondly, who is this show actually aimed at? The main purpose appears to be that it is only there to fill air-time on the BBC News Channel. Again, it comes to the question of why Formula 1’s target audience would be watching at the time. The answer is that they simply would not be. It does follow after Sportsday, but I’m not sure what it achieves. Yeah, its a harmless show in nature, but it could be much better. BBC Three, 19:00, 30 minutes. Why not? It makes a fair bit more sense than the BBC News Channel in my view. The BBC Three programming, instead of Inside F1, could bring a different demographic towards Formula 1, which is needed to try and reverse the difficult ratings patch as of late. In effect, I’m saying scrap Inside F1, and bring in a new show. Make it a hybrid Friday review with a different slant. The other option (for Saturday’s) is to have a BBC One tea-time show for live races, which could work in a similar way to Murray and Martin’s ITV F1 Specials in the late 1990’s. Either way, BBC need to be open to new ideas, and a new F1 show to cater to a different demographic is an interesting perspective. One of the points that has largely remained the same since 2009 is the length of both the Qualifying and the Race build-ups. For live races, this has consistently been between 50 and 60 minutes irrespective of location. I’ll begin though with the highlights, as the format is largely formulaic: a quick intro, Qualifying wrap up, maybe an interview feature, grid interviews and then onto the race. It doesn’t need to be anything more for the highlights show, and given the programme length of between 90 and 120 minutes there is not much room for manoeuvre anyway. It’s the live programmes where all of their energy goes into. Starting with the positives, the quality of their VT’s are unmatched. From a technical standpoint, the team still produce some jaw dropping VT’s, whether it is a particular race retrospective, or throwing some old McLaren’s around Silverstone. It is great to see too that there is still a bunch of talented people behind the camera and that the BBC and Sky deal did not rip the production team apart. In front of the camera, the show has still been good. Good, but not great. Partially, this has not really been their fault in the latter half of the season with stories drying up. Nevertheless, it hasn’t quite felt ‘must watch’ for me at several stages this season. Assuming we have a championship battle, and with Suzi Perry in her second season, I do think things will rebound. I’ll allude to this a bit in the Sky piece too, but broadcasters’ thrive with a championship battle with stories bouncing from pillar to post and possible angles to take. When that disappears, so does possible content. Hopefully 2014 is a more competitive year for all concerned. The only real negative for me comes with BBC’s post-session coverage. From 2009 to 2011 we had a high quality forum, which was generally very highly regarded. Quality dipped in 2012, but appears to have plunged for 2013. This is not an issue for highlights show, but for the live races it is a major issue. For those that didn’t watch, between 2009 and 2011 the forum consisted of a hybrid of chit chat and good, solid in-depth analysis. This did vary a bit from sitting down outside with guests, or inside a motor home, or later on walking along. Changing presenters does not help thanks to the very nature of the forum, but what has not helped at all for BBC is that this is where Sky have made the biggest strides, particularly this year. And it is one area where I feel Sky are now actually better than the BBC. BBC mastered the forum from 2009 to 2011 and it is quite sad to see it go downhill. Does it still have its good, great TV moments? Of course. But it appears to be just a few people wandering around now, meaning that the entire feel of the forum has changed for the worse since a few years ago. Thankfully, for BBC, this is a simple fix. All they need to do is to watch a tape of a 2013 forum and compare it to a 2010 forum and analyse where things have changed, and more importantly, do they think the changes are for the better. Personally, I don’t think the changes have been for the better and Sky’s improvements in their post-race show just highlight it further for me. I hope the forum does get back on track, because when it is good, it is easily the best piece of Formula 1 television during a race weekend. Let’s get the house back in order, please. 2013 has been a year of stability for the broadcaster, although the change of presenter has been highlighted significantly. Don’t get me wrong, the BBC is still one of the best, if not the best Formula 1 broadcasters in the world. I hope 2014 sees some programming changes and tweaks in order to improve the product further. I fear that BBC risk falling into the trap of complacency and resting on the laurels. 2014 looks set to be an exciting Formula 1 season on and off track, and I hope BBC’s coverage reflects that after what has been a solid, but unspectacular 2013. The Sky Sports F1 Team: The 2013 Verdict Sometimes, they say that the second year is tougher than the first. In broadcasting, I think the reverse is true. The first year is for building the blocks and the second year is for expanding and cementing those blocks. Sky Sports F1’s second year was largely more successful than the first, as I will analyse in this piece and also the programming piece later on. Sky’s team was assembled at the beginning of 2012 as two presenters, one commentator, five ex-drivers and two pit lane reporters. Whilst they did indeed build the blocks in 2012, the off-season seen two blocks disappear. Like BBC, the Sky team encountered several changes. Here is how the team changed between 2012 and 2013: – Anna Woolhouse (now presents Midweek Report, although she is not a ‘formal’ part of the team) – Allan McNish (moved to 5 Live F1) – Georgie Thompson (moved to pastures new in America) Thompson’s departure came as a massive surprise to most considering it was only announced (on a blog, nonetheless) four weeks before the start of the season! Nothing official was ever released concerning her departure, it was all rather odd. Anyway, as it turned out, some things are for the better, and Thompson leaving ended up fitting into that category. Anthony Davidson – @AntDavidson – main racing activities in endurance racing – 24 F1 races spanning eight years – joined 5 Live F1 in 2004, before moving to Sky in 2012 One of the highlights of BBC’s Formula 1 coverage between 2009 and 2011 was the Red Button service used for practice sessions, with commentary from Anthony Davidson and David Croft. The two were universally praised by fans due to their relaxed and interactive style with viewers texting and tweeting their thoughts. Moving onto the present day, and Davidson can also be found standing at a Sky Pad, although in 2012 things were slightly…. different. In 2012, Sky had Davidson and Georgie Thompson stand at the Sky Pad, in a portacabin. The analysis was great, but the location was awful, the two may as well have been in London! As it turns out, Thompson was not off to London, but off to America. Before the start of the season, I said Davidson would struggle going solo. How wrong was I. Combined with the Sky Pad moving outside, it is one of the biggest improvements to Sky’s coverage year-on-year. Moving it to outside allows them to do more things, which I’ll discuss more in the later pieces. As for Davidson, he has gelled in brilliantly with the team more so this year, it felt last year like he was hidden away because of the Sky Pad location. I suspect he will reduce his commitments for 2014 with good reason, as he now has a new born to take care of! – won the 1996 Formula 1 championship – retired in 1999 after Brabham, Williams, Arrows and Jordan stints – sole year at F1 Digital+ in 2002, returning to broadcasting in 2012 with Sky It is not often that people go ten years without appearing in broadcasting, but in the case of Damon Hill, that happened. Of course, he has been ITV F1 commentator sporadically when Martin Brundle was on holiday, but being announced as Sky Sports F1 pundit for 2012 would be his first permanent role since 2002. At the start of last season, Hill was not great to put it lightly. Him and Simon Lazenby were wooden to watch and it was bordering on the cringeworthy. Thankfully, things did improve and with the help of Johnny Herbert, Hill loosened up as a pundit. 2013 has been better for Hill, thanks to Herbert alongside him and also the general rule that the second year tends to be better than the first. In terms of his role, it has not been that much different for him, the commitment level has remained the same. There have been some races where Hill has not travelled to, which is a good thing as Hill is better in small doses. Will he stay for 2014? I think he will, but it is worth bearing in mind that his son Josh retired from motor racing back in July, so Damon may take the opportunity to step back his commitments further for the time being. David Croft – @CroftyF1 – began broadcasting career at BBC in 1995 – climbed up the latter to 5 Live F1 from 2006 onwards…. – …before moving with Davidson to Sky in 2012 Moving with Anthony Davidson to Sky Sports F1 from BBC Radio 5 Live was always the most logical move for Croft once BBC had reduced their coverage. I did enjoy Croft’s commentary with 5 Live as I alluded to above, his and Davidson’s practice ramblings was sometimes the highlight on an F1 weekend. Whilst I still do like Croft’s commentary, for me, he is still what puts him and Brundle below Ben Edwards and David Coulthard. The first point is with Sky self promotion, which sadly is beyond his control, but very tedious nevertheless considering most viewers know about said services, yes Sky Race Control, I’m looking at you! There are other issues, though. I said in the BBC piece that I liked Edwards because he makes the hairs on the neck stand up, and it doesn’t feel forced. With Croft, the opposite is true. Every time the race ends, and every time an overtaking move happens (DRS assisted or not) it feels like he needs to shout for whatever reason, maybe because it sounds good in VT’s after, who knows. But to the viewer watching it live, it doesn’t come across as good, it is forced. I know Croft does a lot of fantastic things off the microphone, #AskCrofty for one, I like those, but inevitably he will be judged on his commentary. Good, but no Edwards, in my view. Johnny Herbert – @JohnnyHerbertF1 – began his Formula 1 career in 1989 after breaking both legs – recorded three Grand Prix victories before retiring in 2000 – first race with Sky Sports F1 at the 2012 Chinese Grand Prix The first few races on Sky Sports F1 in 2012 from a presentation stand point were not the best. It needed a more ‘bubbly’ personality, shall we say, to enter the fray. Enter Johnny Herbert, who became part of the team from the Chinese Grand Prix. Whether that was always the intention I don’t know, but it was a much needed addition to the team which was a wooden, as I noted in Hill’s section above. It is also interesting to note that, despite retiring in 2000, his role with Sky is the first time that he has appeared on the F1 broadcasting scene, having never previously held a role with BBC or ITV. In terms of opinions, Herbert gives the obvious opinions and doesn’t really say anything surprising, if anything he toes the ‘party line’. Another issue is if things get too light hearted, as has happened on occasion, but has not yet gone overboard, thankfully. Saying that, the Sky team would suffer without him, as he helps hold the show together in my view. I think Herbert will stay with the team for 2014, he is a safe pair of boots and there is no logical reason for them to get rid of him. Martin Brundle – @MBrundleF1 – veteran Formula 1 career from 1984 to 1996 – part of ITV’s coverage for their entirety, commentating alongside Murray Walker and James Allen – moved to BBC in 2009, and then hopping over to Sky for 2012 One of my criticisms of Sky in 2012 was the overuse of Martin Brundle. I can understand the reasoning behind it, as he was the face of their pre-season advertising, but throughout last season it felt like they needed to shoe horn Brundle into every segment and session possible. Brundle was present doing pieces to camera during practice in pit lane right the way through to appearing on the post-race show regularly last season. This has been reigned in somewhat during 2013, but it is still a minor issue for me. Instead of being in pit lane during practice, Brundle now reports from a particular corner during practice. Whilst this is a great addition, it really could do with a camera man being down there with him, although I appreciate that safety is an issue when reporting from track side, which probably prevents Sky from doing this. His grid walks are still as strong as ever, although I think his commentary has dipped from when he was with the BBC. The lack of a championship battle does not help in that respect, but it was noticeable as the season progressed. Hopefully Brundle rebounds where that is concerned in 2014. Natalie Pinkham – @NataliePinkham – various roles on way up to F1, including The Wright Stuff – became BBC Radio 5 Live pit lane reporter from 2011…. – …but the role was only for a season, she was soon heading to Sky Due to Georgie Thompson choosing to leave Sky Sports at the start of the year, it meant that Natalie Pinkham’s commitments were expanded. Pinkham throughout 2013 presented The F1 Show alongside Ted Kravitz, and for me it is one reason why The F1 Show has dropped in quality compared with 2012. If I had a choice of who to keep in the team for 2013 between Thompson and Pinkham, it would have been Thompson for me purely because she is the better presenter and can be more ‘serious’ than Pinkham. Pinkham’s role is more or less the same as Lee McKenzie’s on the BBC, except the latter is leagues ahead of the former. When Pinkham does attempt to do something serious, it is difficult to take it seriously, and feels completely out of place. I do wish that Sky chose Rachel Brookes ahead of Pinkham for The F1 Show, but sadly I think that boat has sailed. I wouldn’t mind Pinkham just as a ‘features reporter’ (even if it did mean her taking a, dare I say it, Beverley Turner style role from ITV) as long as it meant that her air-time was reduced significantly as a result. I’m not a big fan of Pinkham, I’m afraid. Simon Lazenby – @SimonLazenbySky – presented Sky’s Rugby coverage up to and including 2011 – moved, along with executive producer Martin Turner, to Sky Sports F1 – stayed with the team for 2013 When Sky were first announced as joint right-holders for Formula 1 from 2012, there was no logical person to give the presenting role to, and it was quite obvious early on that the hiring for the role would come from internally. If you are to talk about choices though, I guess you’d be looking at Keith Huewen and Jon Desborough from a motor sport background. Why Sky Sports never went for either of those for the F1 role, we will never know. After that it was almost a free for all, but in the end Simon Lazenby got the role. 2012 was not great for Lazenby, and I said that strong improvements had to come for 2013. Sky kept him for 2013 (as his only likely successor decided to leave), and happily Lazenby appears more relaxed in the presenting role. It probably helps for him also that there has been a bit of movement at the BBC, with Lazenby now up against Suzi Perry, who herself has not had the strongest of years. Whilst Lazenby has improved, I don’t think he is near the level of Jake Humphrey, who I think the consensus now is that Humphrey is leagues ahead of most of the Sky presenters with his style of presenting (when not in a studio, that is!). Hopefully Lazenby improves further for 2014, should he stay. Ted Kravitz – @TedKravitz – began with ITV in 1997, moving in front of the camera in 2002 – jumped to the BBC in 2009, with commitments improving significantly – moved to Sky for 2012 They always say ‘leave the best to last’. Not deliberately, but in this piece, Kravitz is the last of the main individuals on the Sky Sports F1 team. And in my view, the best. Kravitz was a main part of BBC’s output from 2009 to 2011 and with more air-time, Sky seemed the logical home for him considering his Notebook’s, which have been even better in 2013 – and expanded with testing and Saturday’s covered too. An always amusing moment is when he fails to stick inside his allotted time, on multiple occasions running 5, 10 or sometimes 15 minutes over his scheduled slot! The Notebook has definitely the highlight of 2013 from a broadcasting standpoint for me, whether it is Kravitz wandering around Suzuka’s amusement rides or giving us a behind the scenes look at Sky’s operations as he did late in the season. Alongside the Notebook, Kravitz roves up and down pit lane, whilst also presenting The F1 Show. For reasons I’ve noted briefly above and I will note later on, it has declined in quality, although the reasons for it are out of Kravitz’s control. I’m hoping Kravitz’s Notebook’s are back in force from February with F1 testing again! If you haven’t watched much of Sky Sports F1’s coverage outside of race weekends then you will probably have not heard of Anna Woolhouse. Woolhouse is the presenter of the Midweek Report. An interesting story is that it was initially online only and filmed against a green screen, with a shoe string budget. Only a few weeks later was it noted how pointless an online only show was when you have an entire channel! So, from China, the programme had its first airing on Sky Sports F1. And since then, at times the programme has been better than The F1 Show! I’ll explain more in the next few parts, for me, the choice of guests on occasion is infinitely better. As a presenter, Woolhouse does a fine job, but there is not much more to add here. Over on Sky Sports News (where Woolhouse also is!), is Craig Slater and Rachel Brookes. Nothing has changed here, except that Sky Sports F1 now tends to use more Sky Sports News interviews which is a good thing, as it makes complete sense for F1 and News to share resources. It made no sense to me why BBC TV and Radio were initially completely independent of one another in 2009, that soon changed where TV people started appearing in Radio’s coverage of practice. My only wish is that Brookes is more prominent on the channel, preferably replacing Pinkham, but that doesn’t appear to be happening yet. As a unit, if I was to compare the two teams directly and ignoring the programming outside of it, the BBC for me have the edge due to their team being more all rounded than Sky. Sky throw their eggs all in one basket with former drivers whereas with BBC you have an ex team boss and an ex technical director, neither of which Sky have. I do think the Sky team is much improved on 2012, but it will always have the ‘imbalance’ problem for me until they get in another non-driver to add some balance to the programming. The Race outlines content plans ahead of upcoming launch Channel 4's F1 race edit to switch to 'Extended Highlights' format for 2020 World Rally Championship highlights to return to ITV4 in "multi-year" deal No UK free-to-air coverage for WRC as Channel 5 deal ends Live coverage of F1 testing to return in 2020 'The Verdict so Far' Series (66) 01. April 2012 (6) 02. Summer 2012 (5) 03. 2012 Review (7) 09. 2015 Review / 2016 Preview (4) BBC F1 (402) BBC Sport (47) BT Sport (217) Channel 4 F1 (246) Eurosport (133) F1 Digital+ (3) Foreign broadcasting (45) Formula E (131) Formula One Management (155) IndyCars (115) ITV F1 (31) ITV Sport (166) MotoGP (162) Motorsport Network (67) Scheduling (304) Sky Sports F1 (748) World Rally Championship (58) Enter your email address to follow Motorsport Broadcasting and receive notifications of new posts by email. Copyight © Motorsport Broadcasting, 2012-2020. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this blog’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Motorsport Broadcasting (previously The F1 Broadcasting Blog) with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. Motorsport Broadcasting (motorsportbroadcasting.com) is unofficial and is not associated in any way with the Formula 1 companies. F1, FORMULA ONE, FORMULA 1, FIA FORMULA ONE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP, GRAND PRIX and related marks are trade marks of Formula One Licensing B.V. Copyrighted material used under Fair Use/Fair Comment. View f1broadcasting’s profile on Facebook View f1broadcasting’s profile on Twitter	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line938
__label__wiki	0.543009	0.543009	John’s Old School Horror Corner: The Innocents (1961) tags: children in horror, classic horror, evil children, possession movie, The Innocents MY CALL: Not scary, not even a little bit, not even to a child. I would recommend this to no one who has seen and enjoyed a horror movie that released after 1970. As far as horror goes this is lifeless; regrettably stagnant. However, there’s an okay story behind it all. IF YOU LIKE THIS WATCH: The Good Son (1993) for kinder-horror and The Conjuring (2013) for a classic-style horror story involving kids. Okay. So, normally I’d normally never watch a movie this old. I typically stick to the 70s for my “really old” horror. Why? Well, as someone who grew up in the 80s I was never–NEVER–impressed by the dated “classics” of the 50s and 60s with Christopher Lee and Vincent Price. I think they’re lame. They probably once were scary, back before people came up with much more scary stuff in the films of the following decades. But know this. It’s not about CGI or effects for me. It’s that these old movies were made in a time when people were soft to the likes of suspense and scares (in my opinion). I took a long shot chance on this film because someone wrote that The Exorcist (1973), The Visitor (1979) and this film were the three greatest horror movies he’d ever seen. I agree with the status of The Exorcist. The Visitor was truly awful, but so weird it was funny (unintentionally, that is, and not in a good way). And that leaves The Innocents to be judged… A wealthy man inherits two young children. Wanting nothing to do with them, he hires a governess to replace the deceased governess before her to raise them. When we first meet the children, Flora is an angelic delight and Miles has just been expelled from school, but seems quite polite and charming all the same. Like any modern spin on this story, weird things start to happen around the governess. Only, in this dated medium, the transpiring events and the uninspired camera angles filming them are in no way creepy. She sees figures, hears voices and the housekeeper slips and says a few suspicious things. But it never feels urgent or forewarning–even though I know it’s supposed to. Other things that would be terrifying or off-putting in the hands of a director today strike me as mundane…the boy asks if the governess’ house is “large enough to hide secrets,” unidentified figures pace in the shadows, Miles gives the governess a long and overly mature kiss, and the kids play a game of hide and seek (see The Conjuring to see this done well). Once we graduate to hints of violence and temper in the children, it’s not a fraction as eerie as it should be. The housekeeper plays the role of the enabler. Like the children’s acolyte, she attempts to dismiss or belittle the governess’ increasing concerns regarding the children. It’s as if she wants the governess to question her own senses. The #1 Amazon review stated “The Innocents is as scary as anything that’s come out of Hollywood in the last twenty years.” I couldn’t disagree more. Basically, EVERYTHING in the last 20-30 years of horror has been far scarier than this. For this, held to modern standards, is not at all scary or suspenseful. This feels no more “scary” than a drama about an overwhelmed single parent on the Lifetime Network or the Hallmark Channel. I struggle to believe that in 1961 this was considered scary until I realized how little of a horror education people had at the time, with no PG-13 or R-rated movies trying to push the envelope for the biggest scare, shock, reveal, tension or twist. No. Like the picture, this is black and white and just as plain. Even the attempts at jump scares were completely ineffective as if someone turned the horror dial to “mute.” The only good thing I have to say about this was that the two child actors were spectacular! Not scary, but quite talented. I would recommend this to no one who has seen a horror movie that released after 1970. As far as horror goes this is lifeless; regrettably stagnant. ← John’s Horror Corner: The Boneyard (1991), it’s not your average hulking, evil, mutant zombie poodle movie Deathstalker II: Duel of the Titans (1987) → Gina permalink You hit the nail on the head here. Too much is given away. If you know exactly what is happening, there can be no suspense. Also, how is it that Deborah Kerr’s character was able to draw such precise conclusions about what was happening and why? I don’t think this was very well thought out and it certainly wasn’t scary. Times were so simple and few films were complex back then (compared to the greats of today). It’s as if the audience should be scared because they’re “told” that Kerr is scared…	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line940
__label__wiki	0.967009	0.967009	Regency Entertainment Making Second ‘Heat’ Video Game Regency Entertainment Making Second Heat Video Game — May 9, 2006 Regency Entertainment, Titan Prods. and video game developer Gearbox Software are in development for a video game sequel to the 1995 thriller, Heat, the heist film directed by Michael Mann. Mann is in talks to oversee development of the project, says The Hollywood Reporter, which will offer single-player and multiplayer first-person shooter action set in the film's world. Talks are in advanced stages with representatives for Robert De Niro, Al Pacino and Val Kilmer to be part of the video game sequel. The Heat game will be ready for next-generation consoles by late 2007. Topics: Heat A Heat Prequel Is Coming from Michael Mann, But It's Not What You Think Heat, The Negotiator and Logan's Run All Debut on Blu-ray on November 3rd Warner Bros. announces the special edition of Heat	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line941
__label__wiki	0.86322	0.86322	Africa Oil & Gas: Nigeria hits oil majors with billions in back taxes Nigeria has ordered foreign oil and gas companies to pay nearly $20-billion in taxes it says are owed to local states, industry and government sources said, in a move that could deter investment in Africa’s largest economy. In a letter sent to the companies earlier this year via a debt-collection arm of the government, Nigerian National Petroleum Corp (NNPC) cited what it called outstanding royalties and taxes for oil and gas production. Royal Dutch Shell, Chevron, Exxon Mobil, Eni, Total and Equinor were each asked to pay the central government between $2.5-billion and $5-billion, said the sources, who saw or were briefed on the letters. Norway’s Equinor, which produced around 45 000 bbl/d of oil in Nigeria in 2017, confirmed the request. “Several operators have received similar claims in a case between the authorities in Nigeria and local authorities in parts of the country,” an Equinor spokesman said. Exxon “is currently reviewing the matter”, a spokeswoman for the US company said. Shell, Total, Eni and Chevron declined to comment, as did Nigeria’s presidency, petroleum ministry and NNPC. ‘NO MERIT’ The charge came after the central Nigerian government and local states settled a dispute over the distribution of revenue from hydrocarbon production. The sides agreed last year that Abuja would pay the states several-billion dollars, three company and government sources said. The companies were expected to dispute their respective payment claims. “Equinor sees no merit to the case,” the company spokesman said. A source at another company said: “This looks like an internal dispute between the federal and local governments. The central government is simply trying to shift to the IOCs (international oil companies) money it owes.” It was unclear whether the move was linked to the upcoming presidential election in Nigeria, the most populous African country. The tax demand adds a fresh challenge to energy companies investing in Nigeria, Africa’s biggest oil and gas producer, which have been negotiating production-sharing agreements with the government to develop and operate giant offshore fields. Oil theft, massive oil spills and corruption further complicate operations in the country. Nigeria, a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), produced around 2.1-million barrels a day of oil last year, compared with 1.86-million barrels a day in 2017, NNPC says. Nigeria uses several types of contract with energy companies including the establishment of joint ventures and production sharing, the two most common partnerships for international oil companies in the country. The companies pay the government in the form of royalties and tax as well as providing the state with oil and gas. Chevron (NYSE:CVX) Eni (NYSE: E) ExxonMobil (NYSE:XOM) Shell (NYSE: RDS.A) Total SA (NYSE: TOT) Published by Mozambique Resources Post A Channel commited to Mozambique Extractive Industry development through access to Information under the umbrella of accountability, good governance, transparency and sustainable development in the natural resources exploration. View all posts by Mozambique Resources Post Previous Africa Energy: South Africa Eskom bailout could reach over US10billion Next Mozambique Oil & Gas: Anadarko confirms death in northern insurgent attack	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line942
__label__wiki	0.922261	0.922261	Michael Ruark Committed to Bettering the World Peace of a Planet Brief Disclaimer The history of Palestine Michael Ruark May 1, 2018 Israel, Knowledge, Middle East, Palestine, World The history of Palestine is the study of the past in the region of Palestine, generally defined as a geographic region in the Southern Levant between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands. Situated at a strategic point between Europe, Asia, and Africa, and the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity,” the region has a long and tumultuous history as a crossroads for religion, culture, commerce, and politics. The Palestine region or parts of it have been controlled by numerous different peoples and regional powers, including the Canaanites, Amorites, Ancient Egyptians, Israelites, Moabites, Ammonites, Tjeker, Philistines, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, different dynasties of the Early Muslim period (Umayads, Abbasids, Seljuqs, Fatimids), Crusaders, Late Muslim dynasties (Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottoman Turks), the British, Jordanians (1948–1967, on the “West Bank”) and Egyptians (in Gaza), and modern Israelis and Palestinians. Other terms for approximate geographic area include Canaan, Zion, the Land of Israel, Southern Syria, Outremer and the Holy Land. The region was among the earliest in the world to see human habitation, agricultural communities and civilization. During the Early and Middle Bronze Age, independent Canaanite city-states were established, and were influenced by the surrounding civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Minoan Crete, and Syria. During Late Bronze Age 1550–1400 BCE, the Canaanite cities became vassals to the Egyptian New Kingdom who held power until the 1178 BCE Battle of Djahy (Canaan) during the wider Bronze Age collapse. Modern archaeologists dispute parts of the Biblical tradition, the latest thinking being that the Israelites emerged from a dramatic social transformation that took place in the people of the central hill country of Canaan around 1200 BCE, with no signs of violent invasion or even of peaceful infiltration of a clearly defined ethnic group from elsewhere. The Philistines, part of Sea Peoples of Southern Europe, arrived and mingled with the local Canaanite population, and according to Biblical tradition, the United Kingdom of Israel was established in 1020 BCE and split within a century to form the northern Kingdom of Israel, and the southern Kingdom of Judah. The region became part of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from c. 740 BCE, which was itself replaced by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in c. 627 BCE. A war of Baylonians with Judean Kingdom culminated in 586 BCE when Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II and the local leaders were deported to Babylonia, only to be allowed to return under the rule of the Achaemenid Empire. In the 330s BCE, Alexander the Great conquered the coastline of the region of Palestine, and it changed hands numerous times during the wars of the Diadochi, ultimately joining the Seleucid Empire between 219 and 200 BCE. In 116 BCE, a Seleucid civil war resulted in the independence of certain regions including the minor Hasmonean principality in the Judean Mountains. From 110 BCE, the Hasmoneans extended their authority over much of the area, creating a Judean–Samaritan–Idumaean–Ituraean–Galilean alliance. The Judean control over the wider region resulted in it also becoming known as Hasmonean Judaea, a term that had previously only referred to the smaller region of the Judean Mountains. During 73–63 BCE, the Roman Republic extended its influence into the region in the Third Mithridatic War, making Judea a vassal kingdom in 63 BCE, and splitting the Hasmonean Kingdom into five districts. After several decades as vassal of the Roman Empire, the Herodian kingdom and tetrarchy was gradually absorbed into Roman Empire as the Roman Judea. Between 66 and 135 CE massive Judean revolts troubled the province, resulting in sack of Jerusalem and extensive depopulation of the country. Jews were prohibited from living in the vicinity of Jerusalem, and in 132 Jerusalem was renamed “Aelia Capitolina”. As a result, many Jewish landowners converted to the Ebionim to maintain their properties. After the Bar Kokhba revolt Hadrian joined the province of Judaea with Syria to form a new province and renamed it Syria Palaestina. During 259–272, the region briefly fell under the rule of Odaenathus as King of the Palmyrene Empire. Following the victory of Christian emperor Constantine in the Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy (306–324), the Christianization of the Roman Empire began, and in 326, Constantine’s mother Saint Helena visited Jerusalem and began the construction of churches and shrines. Byzantine Palestine became a center of Christianity, attracting numerous monks and religious scholars. Persecution of Ebionites led to their dispersion to Arabia and the Parthian Empire. The Christians gradually gained dominance demographically, especially after the Samaritan Revolts during late Byzantine period, which had caused the near extinction of Samaritans. In early 7th century the region briefly fell under the Sasanian Empire and Jewish rebels, until the return of Byzantines in 625-9. Region of Palestine was conquered by the Islamic Empire following the 636 CE Battle of Yarmouk during the Muslim conquest of Syria, and the Muslims gave relief from burdensome Roman taxes and religious persecution of Christian heretics. The country was incorporated into Bilad al-Sham Province as military districts of Urdunn and Filastin. In 661 CE, with the assassination of Ali, Muawiyah I became the uncontested Caliph of the Islamic World after being crowned in Jerusalem. In 691, the Dome of the Rock became the world’s first great work of Islamic architecture. The Umayyads were replaced by the Abbasids in 750. From 878 Palestine was ruled from Egypt by semi-autonomous rulers for almost a century, beginning with Ahmad ibn Tulun and ending with the Ikhshidid rulers who were both buried in Jerusalem. The Fatimids conquered the region in 969. In 1073, Palestine was captured by the Great Seljuq Empire, only to be recaptured by the Fatimids in 1098, who then lost the region to the Crusaders in 1099. Crusader control of Jerusalem and most of Palestine as the Kingdom of Jerusalem lasted almost a century until defeat by Saladin’s forces in 1187, after which most of Palestine became controlled by the Ayyubids. A rump Crusader state in the northern coastal cities survived for another century, but despite seven further Crusades, the Crusaders were no longer a significant power in the region. The Mamluk Sultanate was indirectly created in Egypt as a result of the Seventh Crusade. The Mongol Empire reached Palestine for the first time in 1260, beginning with the raids into the Levant under Nestorian Christian general Kitbuqa and reaching an apex at the pivotal Battle of Ain Jalut. In 1486, hostilities broke out between the Mamluks and the Ottoman Turks and the Ottomans captured Mamluk Palestine and Syria in 1516. The Ottoman rule of the country lasted for four centuries, administratively included in the provinces of Ottoman Syria. In 1832, the region was conquered by Muhammad Ali’s Egypt, but, in 1840, Britain intervened and returned control of the Levant to the Ottomans in return for further capitulations. The turbulent period of Egyptian rule experienced two major revolts (the 1834 Arab Peasants revolt and 1838 Druze revolt) and a significant demographic change in coastal areas, repopulated by Egyptian Arab peasants and former soldiers of Muhammad Ali. Late 19th century was the timing for regional migrations of Druze, Circassians and Bedouin tribes and also the spike of Jewish immigration and the revival of the Hebrew language. Increasing Jewish immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries added considerably to the Jewish communities in Jerusalem, Safed, Tiberias and Jaffa. During World War I the British government issued the Balfour Declaration of 1917, stating that the British Government favors the establishment of national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. The British captured Jerusalem a month later. The League of Nations formally awarded Britain a mandate over Palestine in 1922. The land west of the Jordan River was under direct British administration until 1948, while the land east of the Jordan was a semi-autonomous region known as Transjordan Emirate, under the rule of the Hashemite family from the Hijaz, and gained independence in 1946. The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine was a nationalist uprising by Palestinian Arabs against British colonial rule and mass Jewish immigration. After the Nazi Holocaust, pressure grew for the international recognition of a Jewish state in Palestine. In 1947, the British Government announced its intention to terminate the Mandate. The United Nations General Assembly voted to partition British Palestine into independent Arab and Jewish states, with a special international regime for Jerusalem. The Arabs rejected the partition of Palestine and civil war erupted in the immediate aftermath. The Jews of British Palestine declared the independence of the State of Israel in May 1948. During the 1948 Palestine War, Israel overran far more territory than was proposed by the Partition Plan; Jordan captured and annexed the West Bank, while in the Gaza Strip the All-Palestine Government was announced in September 1948. In what is known as the Nakba, or “Catastrophe”, hundreds of Palestinian villages and over 70,000 Palestinian homes were ruined and destroyed. 700,000 Palestinians fled or were driven out of their homes by the Israelis. The Palestinian refugees were unable to return following the Lausanne Conference, 1949. The question of the Palestinian right to return of the refugees and their descendants remains a source of dispute. During and after the 1948 war, a wave of Jewish refugees from Arab countries arrived in the newly created state of Israel. The All-Palestine Government was shortly moved from Gaza to Cairo and eventually dissolved in 1959 by Egyptian President Nasser. Gaza was taken into Egyptian military administration until 1967. The Palestinian national movement gradually regrouped in the West Bank and Gaza, and in refugee camps in neighbouring Arab states. The Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) emerged as its leading umbrella group in 1965. During the Six Day War in June 1967, Israel seized East Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan and Gaza from Egypt, as well as the Golan Heights from Syria. Despite international objections and UN resolutions calling them illegal, Israel began a policy of establishing Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied territories. The PLO under Yasser Arafat gradually won international recognition as the representative of the Palestinian people. From 1987 to 1993, the First Palestinian Intifada against Israel took place, ending with the 1993 Oslo Peace Accords. These accords established a Palestinian National Authority as an interim body to run parts of Gaza and the West Bank (but not East Jerusalem) pending an agreed solution to the conflict. During the Second Intifada (2000–2005), Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip and began building the West Bank barrier. In 2006, Hamas won the Palestinian legislative elections and took control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, triggering the Israeli and Egyptian Blockade of the Gaza Strip (2007-the present). In 2008–09 and again in 2014, Israel and Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip engaged in warfare. In November 2012, the State of Palestine was upgraded in the UN to non-member observer state status, a move that allows it to take part in General Assembly debates and improves its chances of joining other UN agencies. The earliest human remains in Palestine were found in Ubeidiya, some 3 km south of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias), in the Jordan Rift Valley. The remains are dated to the Pleistocene, c. 1.5 million years ago. These are traces of the earliest migration of Homo erectus out of Africa. The site yielded hand axes of the Acheulean type. Wadi El Amud between Safed and the Sea of Galilee was the site of the first prehistoric dig in Palestine, in 1925. The discovery of Palestine Man in the Zuttiyeh Cave in Wadi Al-Amud near Safed in 1925 provided some clues to human development in the area. Qafzeh is a paleoanthropological site south of Nazareth where eleven significant fossilised Homo sapiens skeletons have been found at the main rock shelter. These anatomically modern humans, both adult and infant, are now dated to about 90–100,000 years old, and many of the bones are stained with red ochre, which is conjectured to have been used in the burial process, a significant indicator of ritual behavior and thereby symbolic thought and intelligence. 71 pieces of unused red ochre also littered the site. Mount Carmel has yielded several important findings, among them Kebara Cave that was inhabited between 60,000–48,000 BP and where the most complete Neanderthal skeleton found to date. The Tabun cave was occupied intermittently during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic ages (500,000 to around 40,000 years ago). Excavations suggest that it features one of the longest sequences of human occupation in the Levant. In the nearby Es Skhul cave excavations revealed the first evidence of the late Epipalaeolithic Natufian culture, characterized by the presence of abundant microliths, human burials and ground stone tools. This also represents one area where Neanderthals—present in the region from 200,000 to 45,000 years ago—lived alongside modern humans dating to 100,000 years ago. In the caves of Shuqba in Ramallah and Wadi Khareitun in Bethlehem, stone, wood and animal bone tools were found and attributed to the Natufian culture (c. 12,800–10,300 BCE). Other remains from this era have been found at Tel Abu Hureura, Ein Mallaha, Beidha and Jericho. Between 10,000 and 5000 BCE, agricultural communities were established. Evidence of such settlements were found at Tel es-Sultan in Jericho and consisted of a number of walls, a religious shrine, and a 23-foot (7.0 m) tower with an internal staircase Jericho is believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with evidence of settlement dating back to 9000 BCE, providing important information about early human habitation in the Near East. Along the Jericho–Dead Sea–Bir es-Saba–Gaza–Sinai route, a culture originating in Syria, marked by the use of copper and stone tools, brought new migrant groups to the region contributing to an increasingly urban fabric. By the early Bronze Age (3000–2200 BCE), independent Canaanite city-states situated in plains and coastal regions and surrounded by mud-brick defensive walls were established and most of these cities relied on nearby agricultural hamlets for their food needs. Archaeological finds from the early Canaanite era have been found at Tel Megiddo, Jericho, Tel al-Far’a (Gaza), Bisan, and Ai (Deir Dibwan/Ramallah District), Tel an Nasbe (al-Bireh) and Jib (Jerusalem). The Canaanite city-states held trade and diplomatic relations with Egypt and Syria. Parts of the Canaanite urban civilization were destroyed around 2300 BCE, though there is no consensus as to why. Incursions by nomads from the east of the Jordan River who settled in the hills followed soon thereafter. In the Middle Bronze Age (2200–1500 BCE), Canaan was influenced by the surrounding civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Minoan Crete, and Syria. Diverse commercial ties and an agriculturally based economy led to the development of new pottery forms, the cultivation of grapes, and the extensive use of bronze. Burial customs from this time seemed to be influenced by a belief in the afterlife. The Middle Kingdom Egyptian Execration Texts attest to Canaanite trade with Egypt during this period. The Minoan influence is apparent at Tel Kabri. During 1550–1400 BCE, the Canaanite cities became vassals to Egypt as the Egyptian New Kingdom reunited Egypt and expanded into the Levant under Ahmose I and Thutmose I. Political, commercial and military events towards the end of this period (1450–1350 BCE) were recorded by ambassadors and Canaanite proxy rulers for Egypt in 379 cuneiform tablets known as the Amarna Letters. These refer to several local proxy rulers for Egypt such as Biridiya of Megiddo, Lib’ayu of Shechem and Abdi-Heba in Jerusalem. In the first year of his reign pharaoh Seti I (ca.1294–1290 BCE) waged a campaign to resubordinate Canaan to Egyptian rule, thrusting north as far as Beit Shean, and installing local vassals to administer the area in his name. A burial site yielding a scarab bearing his name, found within a Canaanite coffin excavated in the Jezreel Valley, attests to Egypt’s presence in the area. Excavations have established that the late 13th, the 12th and the early 11th centuries BCE witnessed the foundation of perhaps hundreds of insignificant, unprotected village settlements, many in the mountains of Palestine. From around the 11th century BCE, there was a reduction in the number of villages, though this was counterbalanced by the rise of certain settlements to the status of fortified townships. In 1178 BCE, the Battle of Djahy (Canaan) between Ramesses III and the Sea Peoples marked the beginning of the decline in power of the New Kingdom in the Levant during the wider Bronze Age collapse. During the beginning of the Iron Age (c. 1175 BCE), the Philistines occupied the southern coast of Canaan, and mingled with the local population, losing their separate identity over several generations. Pottery remains found in As, Gath (city), Ekron and Gaza decorated with stylized birds provided the first archaeological evidence for Philistine settlement in the region. The Philistines are credited with introducing iron weapons and chariots to the local population. Modern archaeologists dispute parts of the Biblical tradition. In The Bible Unearthed Finkelstein and Silberman describe how, up until 1967, the Israelite heartland in the highlands of western Palestine was virtually an archaeological ‘terra incognita’. Since then the traditional territories of the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, Ephraim, and Manasseh have been covered by intensive surveys. These surveys have revealed the sudden emergence of a new culture contrasting with the Philistine and Canaanite societies existing in Palestine during Iron Age I. This new culture is characterised by the lack of pork remains (whereas pork formed 20% of the Philistine diet in places), an abandonment of the Philistines/Canaanite custom of having highly decorated pottery, and the practice of circumcision. According to Prof. Faust Avraham of Bar-Ilan University, the Israelite ethnic identity had been created, not from the Exodus and a subsequent conquest, but from a transformation of the existing Canaanite-Philistine cultures. Finkelstein and Silberman write: “These surveys revolutionized the study of early Israel. The discovery of the remains of a dense network of highland villages — all apparently established within the span of few generations — indicated that a dramatic social transformation had taken place in the central hill country of Canaan around 1200 BCE. There was no sign of violent invasion or even the infiltration of a clearly defined ethnic group. Instead, it seemed to be a revolution in lifestyle. In the formerly sparsely populated highlands from the Judean hills in the south to the hills of Samaria in the north, far from the Canaanite cities that were in the process of collapse and disintegration, about two-hundred fifty hilltop communities suddenly sprang up. Here were the first Israelites.” From then on, over a period of hundreds of years until after the return of the exiles from Babylon, the Canaanites were gradually absorbed by the Israelites until after the period of Ezra (~450 BCE) when there is no more biblical record of them. Hebrew, a dialect of Canaanite became the language of the hill country and later the valleys and plains. The first use of grapheme-based writing originated in the area, probably among Canaanite peoples resident in Egypt. All modern alphabets are descended from this writing. Written evidence of the use of Classical Hebrew exists from about 1000 BCE. It was written using the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet. According to the Hebrew Bible, the United Kingdom of Israel was established by the Israelite tribes with Saul as its first king in 1020 BCE. In 1000 BCE, Jerusalem was made the capital of King David’s kingdom and it is believed that the First Temple was constructed in this period by King Solomon. By 930 BCE, the united kingdom split to form the northern Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), and the southern Kingdom of Judah. These kingdoms coexisted with several more kingdoms in the greater Palestine area, including Philistine town states on the Southwestern Mediterranean coast, Edom, to the South of Judah, and Moab and Ammon to the east of the river Jordan. The socio-political system during this period was characterized by local patrons fighting other local patrons, lasting until around the mid-9th century BCE when some local chieftains were able to create large political structures that exceeded the boundaries of those present in the Late Bronze Age Levant. Archaeological evidence from this era is believed to corroborate some Biblical events. In 925 BCE, Pharaoh Sheshonk I of the Third Intermediate Period is recorded to have invaded Canaan following the Battle of Bitter Lakes, and is thought to be the same as Shishak, the first Pharaoh mentioned in the Bible who captured and pillaged Jerusalem. There was an at least partial Egyptian withdrawal from Palestine in this period, though it is likely that Bet Shean was an Egyptian garrison as late as the beginning of the 10th century BCE. The Kurkh Monolith, dated c. 835 BCE, describes King Shalmaneser III of Assyria’s Battle of Qarqar, where he fought alongside the contingents of several kings, among them King Ahab and King Gindibu. The Mesha Stele, from c. 850 BCE, recounts the conquering of Moab, located East of the Dead Sea, by king Omri, and the successful revolt of Moabian king Mesha against Omri’s son, presumably King Ahab (and French scholar André Lemaire reported that line 31 of the Stele bears the phrase “the house of David” (in Biblical Archaeology Review [May/June 1994], pp. 30–37). Inscriptions at Tel Dan and Tell es-Safi record parts of the conquest of the region by Hazael of Aram Damascus in the 830s BCE. Developments in Palestine during this period have been the focus of debate between those who accept the version in the Hebrew Bible of the conquest of Canaan by the Israelite tribes, and those who reject it. Niels Peter Lemche, of the Copenhagen School of Biblical Studies, submits that the biblical picture of ancient Israel “is contrary to any image of ancient Palestinian society that can be established on the basis of ancient sources from Palestine or referring to Palestine and that there is no way this image in the Bible can be reconciled with the historical past of the region”. For example, according to Jon Schiller and Hermann Austel, among others, while in the past, the Bible story was seen as historical truth, “a growing number of archaeological scholars, particularly those of the minimalist school, are now insisting that Kings David and Solomon are ‘no more real than King Arthur,’ citing the lack of archaeological evidence attesting to the existence of the United Kingdom of Israel, and the unreliability of biblical texts, due to their being composed in a much later period.” Sites and artifacts, including the Large Stone Structure, Mount Ebal, the Merneptah, and Mesha stelae, among others, are subject to widely varying historical interpretations: the “conservative camp” reconstructs the history of Israel according to the biblical text and views archaeological evidence in that context, while scholars in the minimalist or deconstructionist school hold that there is no archaeological evidence supporting the idea of a United Monarchy and the biblical account is a religious mythology created by Judean scribes in the Persian and Hellenistic periods; a third camp of centrist scholars acknowledges the value of some isolated elements of the Pentateuch and of Deuteronomonistic accounts as potentially valid history of monarchic times that can be in accord with the archaeological evidence, but argue that nevertheless the biblical narrative should be understood as highly ideological and adapted to the needs of the community at the time of its compilation. Assyrian inscriptions from c. 740 BCE record the military victories of Tiglath Pileser III in the region, during which period the Neo-Assyrian Empire conquered most of the Levant. The Bible records the Israelite cities becoming vassals to the Neo-Assyrian Empire during this period. At around this time, the Siege of Gezer (c. 733 BCE), 20 miles (32 km) west of Jerusalem, is recorded on a stone relief at the Assyrian royal palace in Nimrud. Further military expeditions into the region are recorded in the annals of Sargon and Sennacherib, as well as in the bible. According to the bible, between 722 and 720 BCE the northern Kingdom of Israel was destroyed by the Assyrian Empire and the Israelite tribes—thereafter known as the Lost Tribes—were exiled. The most important finding from the southern Kingdom of Judah is the Siloam Inscription, dated c. 700 BCE, which celebrates the successful encounter of diggers, digging from both sides of the Jerusalem wall to create the Siloam tunnel and water pool, mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, in 2Kings 20:20. The Neo-Assyrian Empire was replaced by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in c. 627 BCE, following the death of Ashurbanipal and the successful revolt of Nabopolassar. The region was controlled briefly by Pharaoh Necho II of the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt between the Battle of Megiddo (609 BCE) and the Battle of Carchemish four years later, and further conflict between the Babylonians and the 26th dynasty of Egypt is recorded during 601–586 BCE. According to the bible, this culminated in 586 BCE when Jerusalem and the First Temple were destroyed by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. Most of the surviving Jewish leaders, and much of the other local population, were deported to Babylonia. Following King Cyrus the Great’s defeat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire at the Battle of Opis, the region became part of the Eber-Nari satrapy or District number V (corresponding the regions of (Syria, Phoenicia, Palestine and Cyprus) according to Herodotus and Arrian, which included three administrative areas: Phoenicia, Judah and Samaria, and the Arabian tribes. The Phoenician cities of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, and Aradus were vassal states ruled by hereditary local kings who struck their own silver coins and whose power was limited by the Persian satrap and local popular assemblies. The economies of these cities were mainly based on maritime trade. During military operations, the Phoenicians were obliged to put their fleet at the disposal of the Persian kings. Judah and Samaria enjoyed considerable internal autonomy. Bullae and seal impressions of the end of the 6th and beginning of the 5th centuries mention the province of Judah. Its governors included Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel under Cyrus and Darius I; Nehemiah ; Bagohi, who succeeded Nehemiah and whose ethnicity is difficult to determine; and “Yehizkiyah the governor” and “Yohanan the priest”, known from coins struck in Judah in the 4th century BCE. From the second half of the 5th century the province of Samaria was governed by Sanballat and his descendants. According to the Bible and implications from the Cyrus Cylinder, Jews were allowed to return to what their holy books had termed the Land of Israel, and having been granted some autonomy by the Persian administration, it was during this period that the Second Temple in Jerusalem was built. Sebastia, near Nablus, was the northernmost province of the Persian administration in Palestine, and its southern borders were drawn at Hebron. Some of the local population served as soldiers and lay people in the Persian administration, while others continued to agriculture. In 400 BCE, the Nabataeans made inroads into southern Palestine and built a separate civilization in the Negev that lasted until 160 BCE. The end of the Persian period was marked by a number of revolts in the region, including a significant uprising against Artaxerxes III in 350 BCE, which resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem. In the late 330s BCE, Alexander the Great conquered the region, during his six-year Macedonian conquest of the empire of Darius III of Persia. Alexander’s armies took Palestine without complication while traveling to Egypt after the Siege of Tyre, beginning an important period of Hellenistic influence in the land. During 323–301 BCE, the region changed hands numerous times during the wars of the Diadochi, with rulers including Laomedon of Mytilene, Ptolemy I Soter and Antigonus I Monophthalmus. In 312 BCE Ptolemy I Soter defeated Antigonus’ son Demetrius I at the Battle of Gaza, but withdrew from the region shortly thereafter. It is probable that Seleucus I Nicator, then an admiral under Ptolemy’s command, took part in the battle, as following the battle he was given 800 infantry and 200 cavalry and immediately travelled to Babylon where he founded the Seleucid Empire. The region was finally re-captured by Ptolemy I Soter after Antigonus I Monophthalmus was killed at the Battle of Ipsus. Ptolemy had not taken part in the battle, and the victors Seleucus I Nicator and Lysimachus had carved up the Antigonid Empire between them, with Southern Syria intended to become part of the Seleucid Empire. Although Seleucus did not attempt to conquer the area he was due, Ptolemy’s pre-emptive move led to the Syrian Wars, which began in 274 BCE between the successors of the two leaders. The northern portion of Palestine ultimately fell into the hands of the Seleucid Empire in 219 through the betrayal of Governor Theodotus of Aetolia, who had held the province on behalf of Ptolemy IV Philopator. The Seleucids advanced on Egypt, but were defeated at the Battle of Raphia (Rafah) in 217. However, in 200 BCE Southern Palestine also fell under the control of the Seleucid Empire following the Battle of Panium (part of the Fifth Syrian War) in which Antiochus III the Great defeated the Ptolemies. The landscape during this period was markedly changed by extensive growth and development that included urban planning and the establishment of well-built fortified cities. Hellenistic pottery was produced that absorbed Philistine traditions. Trade and commerce flourished, particularly in the most Hellenized areas, such as Ashkelon, Jaffa, Jerusalem, Gaza, and ancient Nablus (Tell Balatah). The Persians had not interfered with the internal affairs of the various subject-peoples of the region, but the Greeks followed a policy of deliberate Hellenisation, encouraging, although not normally enforcing, Greek culture. Hellenisation took root first in the densely settled coastal and lowland areas, and only really began to impinge on more backward areas such as Judea in the early 2nd century. According to Josephus and the Books of the Maccabees, the continued Hellenization of Palestine by the Seleucids resulted in an uprising in the Judean Mountains, known as the Maccabean Revolt. Although the revolt was quelled in 160 BCE at the Battle of Elasa, the Seleucid Empire entered a period of rapid decline in 145–144 BCE, beginning with the overthrowing of King Alexander Balas at the Battle of Antioch (145 BCE) (the capital of the empire) by Demetrius II Nicator in alliance with Ptolemy VI Philometor of Egypt, as well as the capturing of Seleucia (the previous capital of the empire) by Mithradates I of Parthia. By 116 BCE, a civil war between Seleucid half-brothers Antiochus VIII Grypus and Antiochus IX Cyzicenus resulted in a breakup of the kingdom and the independence of certain principalities, including Judea. This allowed Judean leader John Hyrcanus to carry out the first military conquests of the independent Hasmonean kingdom in 110 BCE, raising a mercenary army to capture Madaba and Schechem, significantly increasing the regional influence of Jerusalem. The Hasmoneans gradually extended their authority over much of the region, forcibly converting the populations of neighbouring regions, and creating a Judean-Samaritan-Idumaean-Ituraean-Galilean alliance in the process. The Judean control over the wider region resulted in it also becoming known as Judaea, a term that had previously only referred to the smaller region of the Judean Mountains. During 73–63 BCE, the Roman Republic extended its influence into the region in the Third Mithridatic War. During the war, Armenian King Tigranes the Great took control of Syria and prepared to invade Judea but retreated following an invasion of Armenia by Lucullus. According to Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi writing in c. 482 CE, Tigranes captured Jerusalem and deported Hyrcanus to Armenia; however, most scholars deem this account to be incorrect. Pompey and his immediate successors, Aulus Gabinius, etc., reduced certain areas of the land into single city domains and petty lordships. “The Jews were …obliged to give up all the possessions which they had hitherto gained, particularly the whole coast”. These cities had been self-governing poleis before the Jewish Hasmoneans had conquered them in the 2nd century BCE. The Romans restored their self-governing status and as such this event was marked as the Pompeian era by some cities. “Under the early Roman Emperors the local communities lived under a variety of governments. The Greco-Macedonian colonies kept their own magistrates under whom were a senate and a popular assembly. The ancient Greek city-state remained the organization type. The Phoenician city-states likewise retained their traditional oligarchical systems, to which a Greek colouring had been by this time added”. Cities and Domains awarded self-governance under Roman rule: Iturea Dora (Tel Dor) Gaba (Tel Shush) Raphia (Tel Rafah) Anthedon (Blakhiyeh) Samaria (refounded by Herod as Sebaste) Stratonospyrgos (Straton’s Tower refounded by Herod as Caesarea) Gadara Iamnia Scythopolis Following the Roman conquest of Judea led by Pompey in 63 BCE, Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria, split the former Hasmonean Kingdom into five districts of legal and religious councils known as sanhedrin based at Jerusalem, Sepphoris (Galilee), Jericho, Amathus (Perea) and Gadara. Roman rule was solidified when Herod, whose dynasty was of Idumean ancestry, was appointed as king. Following a brief intervention by Pacorus I of Parthia, from 37 Judea under Herod I was a client kingdom of the Roman Empire. Among the most notable archaeological remnants from this era are Herodium (Tel al-Fureidis) to the south of Bethlehem, Masada and Caesarea Maritima. Herod arranged a renovation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, with a massive expansion of the Temple Mount platform and major expansion of the Jewish Temple around 19 BCE. Around the time associated with the birth of Jesus, Roman Palestine was in a state of disarray and direct Roman rule was re-established. In 6 CE, the Herodian governorate ended with the deposition of Herod Archelaus as the ethnarch of the Tetrarchy of Judea. The Herodian Dynasty was then replaced by Roman prefects and after 44 CE by procurators, beginning with Coponius. Herodians continued to rule elsewhere in Palestine. Senator Quirinius was appointed Legate of the Roman province of Syria (to which Judea had been “added” according to Josephus) and carried out the tax census of both Syria and Judea known as the Census of Quirinius. Caesarea Palaestina replaced Jerusalem as the administrative capital of the region. As a result of the First Jewish-Roman War (66–73), Titus sacked Jerusalem (in 70 CE) destroying the Second Temple, leaving only supporting walls, including the Western Wall. According to Josephus, the estimated death toll was 250,000–1,100,000. Pharisee rabbi Yokhanan ben Zakai, a student of Hillel, fled during the siege of Jerusalem to negotiate with the Roman General Titus. Yokhanan obtained permission to reestablish a Sanhedrin in the coastal city of Iamnia (modern Yavne). He founded a school of Torah there that would eventually evolve, through the Mishna in around 200 CE, into Rabbinic Judaism. The region’s leading Christians (Jewish Christians) relocated to Pella. Other Jewish groups such as Sadducees and Essenes are no longer recorded as groups in history. In 106 CE, the Nabatean territory was incorporated into the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. In 132 CE, the Emperor Hadrian joined the province of Judea (comprising Samaria, Judea proper, and Idumea) with Galilee to form new province of Syria Palaestina. Hadrian probably chose a name that revived the ancient name of Philistia (Palestine), combining it with that of the neighboring province of Syria, in an attempt to suppress Jewish connection to the land. However, Cassius Dio, the Roman historian from whom we have the bulk of our understanding of the revolt, does not mention the change of name nor the reason behind it in his “Roman History”. Jerusalem was renamed “Aelia Capitolina” and temples were built there to honor Roman gods, particularly Jupiter. In 135 CE, Hadrian’s victory in the Bar Kokhba’s revolt resulted in 580,000 Jews killed (according to Cassius Dio) and destabilization of the region’s Jewish population. Jerusalem was re-established as the Roman military colony of Aelia Capitolina; a largely unsuccessful attempt was made to prevent Jews and Christians from living there. Many Jews and Christians left Palestine altogether for the Diaspora communities, and large numbers of prisoners of war were sold as slaves throughout the Empire. Christianity in particular was practiced in secret and the Hellenization of Palestine continued under Septimius Severus (193–211 CE). New pagan cities were founded in Judea at Eleutheropolis (Bayt Jibrin), Diopolis (Lydd), and Nicopolis (Emmaus). Some two hundred Jewish communities remained, as gradually certain religious freedoms were restored, such as exemption from the imperial cult and internal self-administration. The Romans made no such concession to the Samaritans, to whom religious liberties were denied, while their sanctuary on Mount Gerizim was defiled by a pagan temple, as part of measures were taken to suppress the resurgence of Samaritan nationalism. A number of events with far-reaching consequences took place during this period, including further religious schisms between Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism such as a council held by the bishops of Palestine in Caesarea in 195 that decreed that Easter was to be always kept on a Sunday, and not with the Jewish Passover. The Romans destroyed the community of the Mother Church in Jerusalem, which had existed since the time of Jesus. The line of Jewish bishops in Jerusalem, which is claimed to have started with Jesus’s brother James the Righteous as its first bishop, ceased to exist, within the Empire. Hans Kung suggests that the Jewish Christians sought refuge in Arabia and he quotes with approval a view that this created a paradox of truly world-historical significance that while Jewish Christianity was swallowed up in the Christian church, it preserved itself in Islam. During 259–272, the region fell under the rule of Odaenathus as King of the Palmyrene Empire after the capture of Emperor Valerian by Shapur I at the Battle of Edessa caused the Roman Empire to splinter until Aurelian defeated the Palmyrenes at the Battle of Emesa (Homs). Following the victory of Christian emperor Constantine in the Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy (306–324), the total Christianization of the Roman Empire began. Within a few months, the First Council of Nicaea (first worldwide Christian council) confirmed the status of Aelia (Jerusalem) as a patriarchate, at which point the city is generally taken to have been renamed Jerusalem. Theodosius I declared Christianity the state religion of the empire in 380, and Palestine became part of the Eastern Roman Empire (“Byzantium”) after the division of the Roman Empire into east and west (a fitful process that was not finalized until 395 CE). The Byzantines redrew the borders of Palestine. The various Roman provinces (Syria Palaestina, Samaria, Galilee, and Peraea) were reorganized into three diocese of Palaestina, reverting to the name first used by Greek historian Herodotus in the mid-5th century BCE: Palaestina Prima, Secunda, and Tertia or Salutaris (First, Second, and Third Palestine), part of the Diocese of the East. Palaestina Prima consisted of Judea, Samaria, the Paralia, and Peraea with the governor residing in Caesarea. Palaestina Secunda consisted of the Galilee, the lower Jezreel Valley, the regions east of Galilee, and the western part of the former Decapolis with the seat of government at Scythopolis. Palaestina Tertia included the Negev, southern Jordan—once part of Arabia—and most of Sinai with Petra as the usual residence of the governor. Palestina Tertia was also known as Palaestina Salutaris. According to historian H.H. Ben-Sasson, this reorganisation took place under Diocletian (284–305), although other scholars suggest this change occurred later in 390. This was the period of Palestine’s greatest prosperity in antiquity. Urbanization increased, large new areas were put under cultivation, monasteries proliferated and synagogues were restored. The cities of Palestine, such as Caesarea Maritima, Jerusalem, Scythopolis, Neapolis, and Gaza reached their peak population, and the population West of the Jordan may have reached as many as one million. Bede in his Historia Ecclesiastica, drew on Orosius’ information gathered from the local Jews to describe Palestine as one of the provinces of “Syria, which is called Aram by the Hebrews. The place is between the River Euphrates and the Great Sea, and extends towards Egypt; its largest provinces are Commagene, Phoenicia, and Palestine, as well as the countries of the Saraceni and the Nabathaei. It has twelve gentes.” In 326, Constantine’s mother Saint Helena visited Jerusalem and ordered the destruction of Hadrian’s temple to Venus, which had been built on Calvary. Accompanied by Macarius of Jerusalem, the excavation reportedly discovered the True Cross, the Holy Tunic and the Holy Nails. The first Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, the first Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and the first Church of the Ascension on the Mount of Olives were all built during Constantine’s reign. The earliest monasteries in Christianity outside of Egypt were built in Palestine during this period, notably those of Hilarion near Gaza, Saint Epiphanius at Ad near the city of Eleutheropolis (Bayt Jibrin, the head of the largest bishopric in Palestine at this time), Tyrannius Rufinus and Melania the Elder on the Mount of Olives, Euthymius the Great at Pharan, Sabbas the Sanctified in the Kidron Valley as well as St. George’s Monastery in Wadi al-Qelt, the Monastery of the Temptation and Deir Hajla near Jericho, and Deir Mar Saba and Deir Theodosius east of Bethlehem. The sack of Rome in 410 caused a significant episode of migration to Palestine as a group of aristocratic ladies responded to the holy man Jerome’s invitation to settle in Aelia Capitolina and Bethlehem. In 451, the Council of Chalcedon confirmed Jerusalem’s status as a Patriarchate as one of the Pentarchy, and Juvenal of Jerusalem became the first Patriarch of Jerusalem. Notable works by Christian scholars were produced in Palestine in the disciplines of rhetoric, historiography, Eusebian ecclesiastical history, classicizing history and hagiography. Saint Cyril of Jerusalem delivered his Mystagogical Catecheses, instructions on the principal topics of Christian faith and practise, and Saint Jerome moved to Jerusalem in order to commence work on the Vulgate, commissioned by Pope Damasus I and instrumental in the fixation of the Biblical canon in the West. Procopius, from Caesarea Palaestina, became the Byzantine Empire’s principal historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History. Under Byzantine rule, the two dioceses of Palaestina proper became a center of Christianity, while retaining significant Jewish and Samaritan communities. Some areas, like Gaza, were well known as pagan holdouts, and remained attached to the worship of Dagon and other deities as their ancestors had been for thousands of years. Ghassanid Arab migration in the 4th and 5th centuries established an Arab Christian domain with a capital on the Golan, forming a buffer of Christian Byzantium against the wild tribes of Arabia. The “Life of Barsauma of Samosata”, a 6th-century Christian polemic about the Monophysite monk of the early 5th century, stated that Jews, Samaritans and pagans formed a large part of the population and persecuted Christians during this period. In 351–352, a Jewish revolt against Byzantine rule in Tiberias and other parts of the Galilee was brutally suppressed. In 361, Neoplatonist Julian the Apostate becomes Roman Emperor and attempted to reverse the growing influence of Christianity by encouraging other religions. As a result, Alypius of Antioch was commissioned to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem and Jews were formally allowed to return to the city. However, two years later the Galilee earthquake of 363 together with the re-establishment of Christianity’s dominance following the death of Julian the Apostate at the Battle of Samarra ended the attempts to rebuild the Temple. In 438 CE, the Empress Eudocia allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem to live. The Samaritan self-rule had shortly gained a level of independence under the leadership of Baba Rabba in late 4th century. However, they were again subdued by Byzantine forces. Samaritan attempts to gain independence from Byzantines peaked during the 5th and 6th centuries in a series of Samaritan Revolts, some of which had messianic aspirations. The outcome of Samaritan strife with Christian Byzantines, supported by Ghassanid Arabs, turned disastrous. After the Third Samaritan revolt in 529–531, led by Julianus ben Sabar, and the Fourth Revolt in 555. With Samaritan casualties went well beyond 100,000, cities and worship places destroyed, many enslaved and expelled, the Samaritan community dwindled. On 1 July 536 CE, Justinian I promoted Stephanus (Stephen) the governor at Caesarea to proconsul (anthypatos), giving him authority over the two remaining consulars. Justinian believed that the elevation of the governor was appropriate because he was responsible for “the province in which our Lord Jesus Christ… appeared on earth”. Justinian I undertook a number of building works in Jerusalem, including the once magnificent Nea Ekklesia of the Theotokos (“the Nea”) and the extension of the Cardo thoroughfare. Byzantine administration of Palestine was temporarily suspended during the Persian occupation of 614–28. In 613 CE, the Persian Sassanian Empire under Khosrau II had invaded the Levant led by General Shahrbaraz, taking Antioch and later Caesaria. Jews under Benjamin of Tiberias assisted the conquering Persians, revolting against the Byzantine Empire under Heraclius and hoping of controlling Jerusalem autonomously. In 614 CE, Persian-Jewish forces conquered Jerusalem, destroying most of the churches, taking Patriarch Zacharias prisoner, taking the True Cross and other relics to Ctesiphon, and massacring much of the Christian population. The Jews of Jerusalem gained autonomy to some degree, but frustrated with its limitations and anticipating its loss offered to assist the Byzantines in return for amnesty for the revolt. In 617 CE, the Jewish governor Nehemiah ben Hushiel was killed by a mob of Christian citizens, three years after his appointment. The Sassanids quelled the uprising and appointed a Christian governor to replace him. At that time the Persians betrayed the agreements with the Jews and expelled the Jewish population from Jerusalem, forbidding them to live within 3 miles (4.8 km) of it. In 625 CE (or 628 CE), the Byzantinian army returned to the area, promising amnesty to Jews who had joined the Persians, and was greeted by Benjamin of Tiberias. In 629 CE, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius marched into Jerusalem at the head of his army, following the decisive defeat of the Sassanid Empire at the Battle of Nineveh (627). Heraclius personally returned the True Cross to the city. The Nabateans roamed the Negev by the Roman Period, and by the Byzantine Period dominated the swath of sparsely populated deserts, from the Sinai to the Negev to the northwest coast of Arabia, the outlands that the Byzantines called the diocese of Palaestina Salutoris. Its capital Petra was formally the capital of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. The Nabateans also inhabited the outland of Jordan and southern Syria, improperly called the diocese of Arabia because its capital Bostra was within the northern extremity of the Roman province of Arabia Petrae. The origin of the Nabateans remains obscure, but they were Aramaic speakers, and the term “Nabatean” was the Arabic name for an Aramean of Syria and Iraq. By the 3rd century during the Late Roman Period, the Nabateans stopped writing in Aramaic and began writing in Greek, and by the Byzantine Period they converted to Christianity. Trading relations existed between the cities of Palestine and the Arab tribes of the Hejaz, particularly with the southern cities of Petra and Gaza. Muhammed, his father (Abd Allah) and his great-grandfather (Hashim), who died in Gaza) all travelled on trading routes through the region in the 6th century, and in 583 Muhammed is said to have met with Nestorian monk Bahira at Bosra. From the beginning of Islam in 610, Jerusalem became the Qibla (focal point for Muslim prayers) for fourteen years until it was replaced by Mecca in 624, 18 months after the Hijra (Muhammad’s migration to Medina). According to Sahih al-Bukhari, Muhammad then ordained the Al-Aqsa Mosque as one of the three holy mosques of Islam. A decade later, Byzantium lost control of the region during the Muslim conquest of the Levant, during which the empire’s forces were decisively defeated at the Battle of Yarmouk in 636. Jerusalem capitulated in 638 and Caesarea between 640 and 642. The subsequent Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion of Arab power well beyond the Arabian peninsula in the form of a vast Muslim Arab Empire. In 638, following the Siege of Jerusalem, the Caliph Omar Ibn al-Khattab and Safforonius, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, signed Al-Uhda al-‘Omariyya (The Umariyya Covenant), an agreement that stipulated the rights and obligations of all non-Muslims in Palestine. Christians and Jews were considered People of the Book, enjoyed some protection (dhimmi) but had to pay a special poll tax called jizyah (“tribute”) in return for this protection. According to Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, the covenant guaranteed Christians freedom of religion but prohibited Jews from living in Jerusalem. However, during the early years of Muslim control of the city, a small permanent Jewish population returned to Jerusalem after a 500-year absence. Umar, the second of the initial four Rashidun Caliphs, was the first conqueror of Jerusalem to enter the city on foot, and when visiting the site that now houses the Haram al-Sharif. A popular account from later centuries is that the Rashidun Caliph Umar was led to the place reluctantly by the Christian patriarch Sophronius. He found it covered with rubbish, but the sacred Rock was found with the help of a converted Jew, Ka’b al-Ahbar. Al-Ahbar advised Umar to build a mosque to the north of the rock, so that worshippers would face both the rock and Mecca, but instead Umar chose to build it to the south of the rock. It became known as the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The first known eyewitness testimony is that of the pilgrim Arculf who visited about 670. According to Arculf’s account as recorded by Adomnán, he saw a rectangular wooden house of prayer built over some ruins, large enough to hold 3,000 people. Cities that accepted the new rulers, as recorded in registrars from the time, were: Jerusalem, Nablus, Jenin, Acre, Tiberias, Bisan, Caesarea, Lajjun, Lydd, Jaffa, Imwas, Beit Jibrin, Gaza, Rafah, Hebron, Yubna, Haifa, Safed and Ashkelon. In Arabic, the area approximating the Byzantine Diocese of Palaestina I in the south (roughly Judea, Philistia, and southern Jordan) was called Jund Filastin (meaning “the military district of Palestine”, as a tax administrative area), and the Diocese of Palaestina II in the north (roughly Samaria, Galilee, Golan, and northern Jordan) was called Jund al-Urdunn. In 661, with the assassination of Ali, the last of the Rashidun Caliphs, Muawiyah I became the uncontested Caliph of the Islamic World. Muawiyah I was ordained as Caliph in Jerusalem, ending the First Fitna and marking the beginning of the Umayyad Empire. Under Umayyad rule, the Byzantine province of Palaestina Prima became the administrative and military sub-province (jund) of Filastin—the Arabic name for Palestine from that point forward. It formed one of five subdivisions of the larger province of ash-Sham (Arabic for Greater Syria). Jund Filastin (Arabic جند فلسطين, literally “the army of Palestine”) was a region extending from the Sinai to the plain of Acre. Major towns included Rafah, Caesarea, Gaza, Jaffa, Nablus and Jericho. Lod served as the headquarters of the province of Filastin and the capital later moved to Ramla. Jund al-Urdunn (literally “the army of Jordan”) was a region to the north and east of Filastin, which included the cities of Acre, Bisan and Tiberias. In 687–691, during the Second Fitna, the Dome of the Rock was built under Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, becoming the world’s first great work of Islamic architecture. The Temple Mount (known as Haram Ash-Sharif in the Islamic world and the site where the Islamic prophet Muhammad is believed by Muslims to have begun his nocturnal journey to heaven), had remained unbuilt for c. 600 years since Titus’s destruction of Herod’s Temple in 70. About a decade afterward, Caliph Al-Walid I had the Al-Aqsa Mosque built. It was under Umayyad rule that Christians and Jews were granted the official title of “Peoples of the Book” to underline the common monotheistic roots they shared with Islam. Christian pilgrims visited and made generous donations to Christian holy places in Jerusalem and Bethlehem, and the establishment of the Pilgrims’ Inn in Jerusalem during this period was seen as a fulfillment of Umar’s pledge to Bishop Sophronious to allow freedom of religion and access to Jerusalem for Christian pilgrims. The Christian monasteries throughout the region continued to operate, and between 730–749 John of Damascus, previously chief adviser to Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, moved to the monastery Mar Saba outside Jerusalem and became the major opponent of the First Iconoclasm through his theological writings. Trading relations between Palestine and Europe were strong, and a trade fair took place in Jerusalem every year on September 15 where merchants from Pisa, Genoa, Venice and Marseilles converged to acquire spices, soaps, silks, olive oil, sugar and glassware in exchange for European products. In 744 riots broke out in the major cities of Palestine and Syria during the reign of Marwan II, and were quelled in 745–6. These rebellions were followed by further revolts in the East of the empire, which culminated in the defeat of the Umayyad army in 750 at the Battle of the Zab. The Abbasids took control of the entire empire including Palestine, forcing Marwan II to flee via Gaza to Egypt, where he was assassinated. The Baghdad-based Abbasid Caliphs renovated and visited the holy shrines and sanctuaries in Jerusalem, with Al-Mansur arranging in 758 the renovation of the Dome of the Rock that had collapsed in an earthquake and Al-Ma’mun arranging further renovations following a visit to Jerusalem in 813. The Abbasids continued to build up Ramle, which had become the capital of Jund Filastin. Coastal areas were fortified and developed and port cities like Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Arsuf, Jaffa and Ashkelon received monies from the state treasury. However, the Abbasid caliphs visited the region less frequently than the Umayyads since their capital in Baghdad was a further 500 miles (800 km) east. The Abbasid period marked the beginning of the Islamic Golden Age, in which a number of scholars from Palestine, such as the Gazan-born jurist and founder of the Shafi’i school of fiqh Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i and the Jerusalemite geographer Al-Muqaddasi, played an integral part. The influence of the Arabian tribes declined during the Abbasid period and the only context where they are reported is in uprising against the central authority. However, a dispute between the Qaysi Mudhar and Yamani tribes broke out in Jund al-Urdunn towards the end of the 8th century leading to Qaysi-Yamani war of 793–96. Harun al-Rashid viewed this tribal dispute as a rebellion and sent a large army under Ja’far ibn Yahya al-Barmaki to quell the revolt. According to historian Moshe Gil, “he put down the rebels with an iron hand and much blood was spilled.” The cities of Gaza, Bayt Jibrin, Ascalon in Jund Filastin and the town Sariphaea in Jund al-Urdunn were completely destroyed in the conflict by Bedouin tribes. Several towns and villages in western Palestine were also sacked. The monasteries of St. Chariton, St. Cyriacus, St. Sabas, St. Theodosius, and St. Euthymius were also attacked. The combined casualties of the tribal federations totalled roughly 1,200. During Harun al-Rashid’s (786–809) reign the first formal contacts with the Frankish Kingdom of Charlemagne occurred, as part of the attempted Abbasid–Carolingian alliance In 797, Harun al-Rashid is reported to have offered the custody of the Christian holy places in Jerusalem to Charlemagne, in return for Charlemagne sending money for construction and improvements. As a result, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was restored and the Latin hospital was enlarged and placed under the control of the Benedictines. Two years later Charlemagne sent another mission to Patriarch George of Jerusalem. Towards the end of the 9th century, the Baghdad-based Abbasids began to lose control of their western provinces. From 878 Palestine was ruled from Egypt by semi-autonomous rulers for almost a century, beginning with Ahmad ibn Tulun, ruler of Egypt and founder of the Tulunid dynasty, who conquered Palestine and most of Syria four years after declaring Egypt’s independence from the Abbasid court in Baghdad. The Abbasids regained direct control of Palestine in 904, after their invasion forced the army of Tulunid Emir Harun to retreat to Egypt, where the Tulunids were defeated the following year. Direct control from Baghdad was maintained until 939 when Muhammad bin Tughj Al-Ikhshid, governor of Abbasid Egypt and Palestine, was granted independent control over his domain and the title Al-Ikhshid (Prince) by Abbasid Caliph Ar-Radi. Like the Tulunids, the relative proximity of the Ikhshidid capital to Palestine resulted in a greater focus on the region, such that both Ikhshidid rulers, Muhammad bin Tughj Al-Ikhshid and Abu al-Misk Kafur, were buried in Jerusalem. The death of Abu al-Misk Kafur in 968 resulted in a fatal division of the Ikhshidid government as they prepared for the expected invasion by the Fatimids. From their base in Tunisia, General Gawhar Al-Siqilli of the Ismaili Shi’ite Fatimids, who claimed to be descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah, conquered the Ikhshidid domains of Palestine and Egypt in 969, following a treaty guaranteeing the local Sunnis freedom of religion. They moved their capital to the new city of Cairo, just north of the Ikhshidid capital of Fustat. The Fatimids continued their expansion to the borders of the Byzantine Empire, and a failed attack on Antioch in 971 was followed up by a Byzantine defeat outside of Amida. However, the Byzantines fought back and in 975 Emperor John I Tzimiskes’s second campaign took Syria and much of northern Palestine, including Tiberias, Nazareth and Caesarea Palaestina, but was defeated en route to Jerusalem. The emperor became ill and died suddenly in 976 on his return from the campaign, and the Byzantines withdrew shortly thereafter to face the Bulgar threat in the north of their empire. Jerusalem, Nablus, and Askalan were expanded and renovated under Fatimid rule. However, in 1009, Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim ordered the destruction of all churches and synagogues in the empire, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. However, this was reversed twenty years later by the Al-Hakim’ successor as Caliph, Ali az-Zahir, who authorized the rebuilding of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and other Christian churches in a treaty with Byzantine Emperor Romanos III Argyros. Romanos’ successor Constantine IX Monomachos paid for the restoration, and a number of other Christian buildings, including the Muristan hospital, church and monastery were built during this period. Az-Zahir also undertook a major renovation of the Dome of the Rock during his reign. After the 10th century, the division of Palestine into Junds began to break down. During the early 11th century, Seljuk Turks invaded large portions of West Asia and both the Fatimids and the Byzantines suffered setbacks from the fighting. Warfare between the Fatimids and Seljuks caused great disruption for the local population and for western pilgrims. In 1073 Palestine was captured by Malik-Shah I’s Isfahan-based Great Seljuq Empire under Emir Atsiz ibn Uvaq, who was advancing south into the weakening Fatimid Empire following the decisive defeat over the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert two years previously and a devastating six-year famine in Egypt between 1067 and 1072. The Seljuk rule was unpopular, and in 1077 Jerusalem revolted against their rule while Emir Atsiz ibd Uvaq was fighting the Fatimid Empire in Egypt. On his return to Jerusalem, Atsiz re-took the city and massacred the local population. As a result, Atsiz was executed by the governor of Syria Tutush I, the brother of Seljuk leader Malik-Shah I. Tutush I appointed Artuq bin Ekseb, later founder of the Artuqid dynasty, as governor. Artuq bin Ekseb died in 1091, and was succeeded as governor by his sons Ilghazi and Sokmen, known as the Artuqid dynasty. Malik Shah died in 1092, and the Great Seljuk Empire split into smaller warring states. Control of Palestine was disputed between Duqaq and Radwan after the death of their father Tutush I in 1095. The ongoing rivalry weakens Syria, and Fatimid Regent Al-Afdal Shahanshah recaptured the region in 1098 from the Artuqids, just before the arrival of the crusaders. In 1054, the Great Schism formally divided the Christian church into east and west, resulting in the holy sites of Palestine falling under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Orthodox Church. However, in 1090, Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos began taking reconciliatory measures towards the Papacy, with the intention of seeking western support against the Seljuqs. In 1095 his ambassadors appeared before Pope Urban II at the Council of Piacenza, to request mercenary forces, and later that year at the Council of Clermont Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 as a result of the First Crusade. Its control of Jerusalem and most of Palestine lasted almost a century until defeat by Saladin’s forces in 1187, after which most of Palestine was controlled by the Ayyubids. Shortly after Crusader rule was established in Palestine, Godfrey of Bouillon promised to turn over the rule of the region to the Papacy once the crusaders had captured Egypt. However, the invasion of Egypt did not occur as Godfrey died shortly thereafter and Baldwin was proclaimed the first King of Jerusalem after politically outmaneuvering Dagobert of Pisa who had previously been appointed as the Latin Patriarch. At first the Crusader kingdom was little more than a loose collection of towns and cities captured during the first crusade. At its height, the kingdom roughly encompassed the territory of modern-day Israel and the State of Palestine. It extended from modern Lebanon in the north to the Sinai Desert in the south, and into modern Jordan and Syria in the east. There were also attempts to expand the kingdom into Fatimid Egypt. Its kings held a certain amount of authority over the other crusader states to the north: the County of Tripoli, the Principality of Antioch, and the County of Edessa. Many customs and institutions were imported from the territories of Western Europe from which the crusaders came, and there were close familial and political connections with the West throughout the kingdom’s existence. It was, however, a relatively minor kingdom in comparison and often lacked financial and military support from Europe. Locally based military orders were founded in the kingdom to fill this vacuum. The foundation of the Knights Hospitaller by Gerard Thom at the Muristan Christian hospice in Jerusalem was confirmed by a Papal Bull from Pope Paschal II in 1113, and the founding by Hugues de Payens and Godfrey de Saint-Omer of the Knights Templar took place in 1119 in the Al Aqsa Mosque. The kingdom grew closer to the neighbouring Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and the Byzantine Empire, from which it inherited “oriental” qualities, and the kingdom was also influenced by pre-existing Muslim institutions. However, when Arnulf of Chocques was appointed Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem for the second time in 1112, he prohibited non-Catholic worship at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Socially, the “Latin” inhabitants from Western Europe had almost no contact with the Muslims and Eastern Christians whom they ruled. The Royal Palace of the Kingdom was based in the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Dome of the Rock was converted into a church. Under the Crusader rule, fortifications, castles, towers and fortified villages were built, rebuilt and renovated across Palestine largely in rural areas. A notable urban remnant of the Crusader architecture of this era is found in Acre’s old city and on the island of Arwad. Numerous Muslim families emigrated Palestine during this period, including those of notable Islamic scholars Ibn Qudamah and Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi. During the period of Crusader control, it has been estimated that Palestine had only 1,000 poor Jewish families. Jews fought alongside the Muslims against the Crusaders in Jerusalem in 1099 and Haifa in 1100. Some Jews from Europe visited the country, like Benjamin of Tudela who wrote about it. Maimonides visited Palestine after escaping from the Almohads in 1165 and visited Acre, Jerusalem and Hebron, finally choosing to settle in Fostat in Egypt. In July 1187, the Cairo-based Kurdish General Saladin commanded his troops to victory in the Battle of Hattin, shortly followed by the Siege of Jerusalem (1187) in which Saladin captured Jerusalem. Following the crusader defeat by Saladin’s forces in 1187, most of Palestine was controlled by the Ayyubids. A rump crusader state in the northern coastal cities known as the Kingdom of Acre survived in the region for another hundred years until 1291, throughout the Ayyubid Period and well into the Mamluk Period. However, despite seven further crusades from Europe, the crusader state was no longer a significant power in the region after the fall of Jerusalem in 1187. The Ayyubids allowed Jewish and Orthodox Christian settlement in the region, and the Dome of the Rock was converted back into an Islamic center of worship. The Mosque of Omar was built under Saladin outside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, commemorating Umar the Great’s decision to pray outside the church so as not to set a precedent and thereby endanger the church’s status as a Christian site. About eighty years after Saladin’s conquest, the Catalan Rabbi Nahmanides left Europe following the disputation of Barcelona, and spent the last three years of his life in Palestine, primarily in Acre. He established the Ramban Synagogue in the Old City of Jerusalem and thus, having found only two Jewish people living in the city at the time, re-established Jewish communal life in Jerusalem. The defeat of the Europeans provoked further crusades from Europe, varying in size and success. In 1192, after preventing the Third Crusade under Richard the Lionheart from recapturing Jerusalem, Saladin entered into the Treaty of Ramla in which he agreed that Western Christian pilgrims could worship freely in Jerusalem. The threat remained, however, and Ayyubid Emir Al-Mu’azzam destroyed Jerusalem’s city walls in 1219 to prevent the Crusaders from capturing a fortified city. To end the Sixth Crusade, a 10-year treaty was signed between Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and Ayyubid Sultan Al-Kamil, allowing Christians freedom to live in the unfortified Jerusalem, as well as Nazareth and Bethlehem, although the Ayyubids retained control of the Muslim holy places. These areas were returned to Ayyubid control after the peace treaty expired in 1239 and An-Nasir Dawud, Ayyubid Emir of Kerak, occupied the cities. For the four following years, control of the cities was contested between An-Nasir Dawud and his cousin As-Salih Ayyub who had allied with the crusaders, aided by the diplomatic efforts of Thibaut IV of Champagne. In order to permanently retake the city from the rival breakaway rulers who had allied with the crusaders, As-Salih Ayyub summoned a mercenary army of Khwarezmians, who were available for hire following the defeat of the Khwarazm Shah dynasty by the Mongols ten years earlier. The Khwarezmians could not be controlled by As-Salih Ayyub, and destroyed Jerusalem. A few months later, the two sides met again at the decisive Battle of La Forbie, marking the end of the Crusader influence in southern and central Palestine. Two years later the Ayyubids regained control of Jerusalem after the Khwarezmians were defeated by Al-Mansur Ibrahim at Lake Homs. The Mamluk Sultanate was indirectly created in Egypt as a result of the Seventh Crusade, which had been launched in reaction to the 1244 destruction of Jerusalem. The crusade failed after Louis IX of France was defeated and captured by Ayyubid Sultan Turanshah at the Battle of Fariskur in 1250. Turanshah was killed by his Mamluk soldiers a month after the battle and his step-mother Shajar al-Durr became Sultana of Egypt with the Mamluk Aybak as Atabeg. The Ayyubids relocated to Damascus, where they continued to control Palestine for a further 10 years. In the late 13th century, Palestine and Syria became the primary front against the fast-expanding Mongol Empire, whose army reached Palestine for the first time in 1260, beginning with the Mongol raids into Palestine under Nestorian Christian general Kitbuqa. Mongol leader Hulagu Khan sent a message to Louis IX of France that Jerusalem had been remitted to the Christians under the Franco-Mongol Alliance; however, shortly thereafter he had to return to Mongolia following the death of Mongke, leaving Kitbuqa and a reduced army. Kitbuqa then engaged with the Mamluks under Baibars in the pivotal Battle of Ain Jalut in the Jezreel Valley. The Mamluks’ decisive victory in Palestine is seen as one of world history’s most significant battles, establishing a high-water mark for the Mongol conquests. The Mongols were, however, able to engage into some further brief raids in 1300 under Ghazan and Mulay, reaching as far as Gaza. Jerusalem was held by the Mongols for four months. In 1270, Sultan Baibars expelled the remaining Crusaders from most of the country, and the last major Crusader stronghold, Acre, fell in 1291, at the Siege of Acre. Thereafter, any remaining Europeans either went home or merged with the local population. The Mamluks, continuing the policy of the Ayyubids, made the strategic decision to destroy the coastal area and to bring desolation to many of its cities, from Tyre in the north to Gaza in the south. Ports were destroyed and various materials were dumped to make them inoperable. The goal was to prevent attacks from the sea, given the fear of the return of the crusaders. This had a long-term effect on those areas, which remained sparsely populated for centuries. The activity in that time concentrated more inland. Palestine formed a part of the Damascus Wilayah (district) under the rule of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and was divided into three smaller sanjaks (subdivisions) with capitals in Jerusalem, Gaza, and Safed. Due in part to the many conflicts, earthquakes and the Black Death that hit the region during this era, the population is estimated to have dwindled to around 200,000. The Mamluks constructed a “postal road” from Cairo to Damascus, that included lodgings for travelers (khans) and bridges, some of which survive to this day. The period also saw the construction of many schools and the renovation of mosques neglected or destroyed during the Crusader period. In 1377 the major cities of Palestine and Syria revolted, following the death of Al-Ashraf Sha’ban. The revolt was quelled and a coup d’etat was staged by Barquq in Cairo in 1382, founding the Mamluk Burji dynasty. Palestine was celebrated by Arab and Muslim writers of the time as the “blessed land of the prophets and Islam’s revered leaders”; Muslim sanctuaries were “rediscovered” and received many pilgrims. In 1496, Mujir al-Din al-‘Ulaymi wrote his history of Palestine known as The Glorious History of Jerusalem and Hebron. In 1486, hostilities broke out between the Mamluks and the Ottoman Turks in a battle for control over western Asia. The Ottomans proceeded to conquer Palestine following their victory over the Mamluks at the Battle of Marj Dabiq. The Ottoman conquest of Palestine was relatively swift, with small battles fought against the Mamluks in the Jordan Valley and at Khan Yunis en route to the Mamluk capital in Egypt. There were also minor uprisings in Gaza, Ramla and Safad, which were quickly suppressed. The Ottomans maintained the administrative and political organization that the Mamluks left in Palestine. The region was divided into the five sanjaks (provincial districts, also called liwa′ in Arabic) of Safad, Nablus, Jerusalem, Lajjun and Gaza, all part of the larger eyalet (province) of Damascus. The sanjaks were further subdivided into subdistricts called nawahi (sing. nahiya). For much of the 16th century, the Ottomans ruled Damascus Eyalet in a centralized way, with the Istanbul-based Sublime Porte (imperial government) playing a crucial role in maintaining public order and domestic security, collecting taxes, and regulating the economy, religious affairs and social welfare. Most of Palestine’s population, estimated to be around 200,000 in the early years of Ottoman rule, lived in villages. The largest cities were Gaza, Safad and Jerusalem, each with a population of around 5,000–6,000. Ottoman property administration consisted of a system of fiefs called timar and trusts called waqf. Timar lands were distributed by the sultan to various officers and officials, particularly from the elite sipahi units. A timar was a source of income for its holder, who was responsible for maintaining order and enforcing the law in the timar. Waqf land was owned by various individuals and its revenues were dedicated to religious functions and institutions, social welfare and individual beneficiaries. Over 60% of cultivated land in the Jerusalem Sanjak was waqf land. To a lesser extent, there was also privately owned land predominantly located within villages and their immediate vicinity. The name “Palestine” was no longer used as the official name of an administrative unit under the Ottomans because they typically named provinces after their capitals. Nonetheless, the old name remained in popular and semi-official use, with many examples of its usage in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries surviving. The 16th-century Jerusalem-based Islamic jurist Sayf al-Islam Abu’l Sa’ud Effendi defined the term as an alternative name for Arazi-i Muqaddas (Turkish for “the Holy Land”). The 17th-century Ramla-based jurist Khayr al-Din al-Ramli often used the term “Filastin” in his fatawat (religious edicts) without defining the term, although some of his fatawat suggest that it more or less corresponded with the borders of Jund Filastin. Thomas Salmon’s 18th-century book, Modern history or, the present state of all nations, states that “Jerusalem is still reckoned the capital city of Palestine, though much fallen from its ancient grandeur.” By the end of the 16th century, direct Ottoman rule over Damascus Eyalet was weakened, partly due to the Jelali revolts and other Anatolian insurrections. The timar system, which functioned to serve the Sublime Porte’s fiscal and military needs, was also becoming less relevant during this period. Consequently, a new governing elite emerged in Palestine consisting of the Ridwan, Farrukh and Turabay dynasties whose members provided the district governors of the Gaza, Nablus, Jerusalem and Lajjun sanjaks between the late 16th century and the late 17th century. The stability of their rule varied by sanjak, with Ridwan control of Gaza, Turabay control of Lajjun, and Farrukh control of Nablus largely continuous, and the Ridwan-Farrukh hold over Jerusalem frequently interrupted by governors appointed from Istanbul. Ties between the families were solidified through inter-marriage, business and political cooperation. From the late 16th century until the early 18th century, the prestigious post of amir al-hajj (commander of the Hajj caravan) would often be assigned to the district governor of Nablus or Gaza. This tradition laid the foundation for a durable military alliance between the three families since the departing amir al-hajj from one of these families would entrust authority over his sanjak to the governor of the neighboring sanjak. Gradually, the ties between the Ridwan, Farrukh and Turabay families led to the establishment of a single extended dynasty that held sway over much of Palestine. In 1622, the Druze emir (prince) of Mount Lebanon, Fakhr-al-Din II gained control of Safad Sanjak and was appointed governor of Nablus and mutasallim (chief tax collector) of Gaza. Alarmed at the looming threat to their rule, the Ridwan-Farrukh-Turabay alliance prepared for a confrontation with Fakhr ad-Din by pooling their financial resources to acquire arms and bribe Bedouin tribes to fight alongside them. They were also tacitly supported by the Sublime Porte, which was wary of Fakhr ad-Din’s growing autonomy. When Fakhr ad-Din’s better-equipped army launched an offensive to gain control of Palestine’s coastal plain and Jerusalem, the army of Hasan ‘Arab Ridwan, Ahmad Turabay and Muhammad ibn Farrukh routed his forces at the Awja iver near Jaffa. In 1624, following the Battle of Anjar, Fakhr ad-Din was appointed the “Emir of Arabistan” by the Ottomans, which gave him official authority over the region between Aleppo and Jerusalem. He was deposed and hanged a decade later by the Wali of Damascus. Gaza’s political influence in Palestine rose under the Ridwan dynasty, particularly during the governorship of Husayn Pasha, which began in the 1640s. It was considered the “capital of Palestine” by the French consul of Jerusalem, Chevalier d’Arvieux. Husayn’s closeness with France and his good relations with Palestine’s Christian communities were a source of imperial consternation at his rule. Concurrently, in the mid-17th century, the Ottoman government guided by the Köprülü viziers attempted to restore centralized authority over its outlier provinces. One of the centralization measures introduced by Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed Pasha was the establishment of the Sidon Eyalet in 1660, which administratively separated Safad Sanjak from the rest of Palestine, which remained part of Damascus Eyalet. This reorganization was done to both weaken the ambitious governors of Damascus and to maintain stricter control over the rebellious emirs of Mount Lebanon. With the elimination of Fakhr ad-Din’s threat to Ottoman control in the Levant, the Sublime Porte sought to bring an end to the Ridwan-Farrukh-Turabay dynasty. Beside concern over their increasing consolidation of power in Palestine, the Sublime Porte was frustrated by the substantially decreased revenues from the annual Hajj caravan, which a governor from one of the three families often commanded. In 1657, the Ottoman authorities launched a military expedition in Palestine to reassert imperial control over the region because of its strategic importance in the funding and protection of the Hajj caravan and also because it was a crucial link to Egypt. The Sublime Porte used Husayn Pasha’s alleged incompetence leading the Hajj caravan in 1662–63 to imprison and execute him. Husayn Pasha served as the foundation of the Ridwan-Farrukh-Turabay alliance and his death was followed by the Sublime Porte’s gradual elimination of the rest of the extended dynasty by the late 1670s. Ridwan rule persisted in Gaza until 1690. The elimination of the Ridwan-Farrukh-Turabay dynasty and their replacement by governors appointed by the Ottoman government “radically changed the state of affairs” in Palestine, according to historian Dror Ze’evi. The appointed governors abandoned the relationships that the local dynasties maintained with the local elites and largely ignored the increasing exploitation of the populace by the Janissaries, subashis and timar holders. Official complaints to the Sublime Porte about the latter groups skyrocketed among Muslims, Christians and Jews alike. Many peasants abandoned their villages to avoid exploitation, townspeople complained about the seizure of their property and the ulama (Muslim scholarly class) complained about the Janissaries’ disregard for justice and the sanctity of Muslim places of worship, including the Temple Mount (Haram al-Sharif). In reaction to this state of affairs, in 1703, an uprising, known as the Naqib al-Ashraf Revolt, by the people of Jerusalem took place, led by the chief of the ashraf families, Muhammad ibn Mustafa al-Husayni, and backed by the city’s notables. The home of Jerusalem’s qadi, a symbol of imperial authority, was ransacked and his translator killed by rebels. They proceeded to govern the city themselves until an Ottoman siege and internal strife forced al-Husayni and his rebels to withdraw from Jerusalem in October 1705. Meanwhile, the mostly Arab sipahi officers of the 1657 centralization expedition, chief among them members of the Nimr clan, settled in Nablus and, contrary to the Sublime Porte’s intention, began forming their own local power bases in the city’s rural hinterland from the timars they were assigned. Towards the end of the 17th century, they were soon followed by the Jarrar and Tuqan clans, who like the Nimrs, came from other parts of Ottoman Syria. The sheikhs (chiefs) of these clans soon emerged as the new nobility of central Palestine. They developed increasingly close ties to the local population through selling or leasing their timars to rural notables, investing in local commerce, property and businesses such as soap factories, and intermarrying and partnering with local ashraf and mercantile families. Politically, the Tuqans and Nimrs dominated the governorship of Nablus and at times controlled other districts and subdistricts (in 1723 Salih Pasha Tuqan was governor of the Nablus, Lajjun and Gaza sanjaks). The Jarrars were the dominant clan of the Nablus hinterland, although other clans, among them the Mamluk-era Jayyusis, continued to hold influence in their respective subdistricts. This state of affairs in Jabal Nablus persisted with minor interruptions until the mid-19th century. In the mid-17th century, the Zaydani clan became a formidable force in northern Palestine. Initially, its sheikhs were appointed as multazems (tax collectors and local enforcers) of iltizam (tax farms) in parts of the Galilee by the Ma’ani, and, after 1697, the Shihabi emirs of Mount Lebanon. In 1730, Zaydani sheikh Zahir al-Umar was directly appointed by the Wali of Sidon as the multazem of Tiberias, which he soon fortified, along with other Zaydani strongholds such as Deir Hanna, Arraba and Nazareth. Between that time and 1750, Zahir had consolidated his control over the entire Galilee. He transferred his headquarters to the port village of Acre, which he renovated and refortified. Acre became the center of an expanding autonomous sheikhdom financed by a monopoly on cotton and other agricultural commodities from Palestine and southern Lebanon established by Zahir. Zahir’s control of cotton and olive oil prices drew great revenues from European merchants, and these funds enabled him to marshal military resources needed to fend off military assaults by the governors of Damascus. Moreover, the monopolies ended the foreign merchants’ manipulation of prices and financial exploitation of the local peasantry. Together with significantly improved general security and social justice, Zahir’s economic policies made him popular with the local inhabitants. Zahir also encouraged immigration to Palestine and his rule attracted large numbers of Jews and Melkite and Greek Orthodox Christians from throughout Ottoman Syria, revitalizing the region’s economy. Zahir founded modern-day Haifa in 1769. In the early 1770s, Zahir allied himself with the Russian Empire and Ali Bey of Egypt. Together with Ali Bey’s deputy commanders Ismail Bey and Abu al-Dhahab, and backed by the Russian Navy, Zahir and his Lebanese Shia allies invaded Damascus and Sidon. Ali Bey’s commanders abruptly withdrew from Damascus after briefly capturing it in June 1771, compelling Zahir to withdraw from Sidon shortly thereafter. Uthman Pasha al-Kurji, the Wali of Damascus, renewed his campaign to eliminate Zahir, but his forces were routed at Lake Hula in September 1771. Zahir followed up this decisive victory with another major victory against Emir Yusuf Shihab’s Druze forces at Nabatieh. By 1774, Zahir’s rule extended from Gaza to Beirut and included most of Palestine. The year after, however, a coalition of Ottoman forces besieged and killed him at his Acre headquarters. The Ottoman commander Jazzar Pasha subsequently waged a campaign that destroyed Deir Hanna’s fort and ended Zaydani rule in the Galilee in 1776. Although Acre and the Galilee were part of Sidon Eyalet while the rest of Palestine administratively belonged to Damascus, it was the rulers of Acre, beginning with Zahir, that dominated Palestine and the southern Syrian districts. Damascus governors typically held office for short periods of time and were often occupied with protecting and leading the Hajj caravan (the office of amir al-hajj had become the responsibility of the Wali of Damascus in 1708), preventing them from asserting their authority over semi-autonomous areas such as the Nablus region. In contrast, Zahir established Acre as a virtually autonomous entity, a process seen in other parts of the Ottoman Empire including Egypt, Mount Lebanon and Mosul. Moreover, Acre became the de facto capital of Sidon Eyalet during and after Zahir’s reign, and like Zahir, his successors ruled Acre until their deaths. There were several military confrontations between Zahir and the Jarrar clan starting in 1735 when the former occupied the latter’s territory of Nazareth and the Jezreel Valley, which served as trade and transportation hubs. Meanwhile, in 1766, the Tuqan clan had ousted the Jayyusis from the Bani Sa’b subdistrict, which was then occupied by Zahir in 1771, stripping Nablus of its sea access. The conflict between Zahir and the Tuqans culminated with the former’s unsuccessful siege of Nablus later that year. Jazzar Pasha was appointed Wali of Sidon by the Sublime Porte for his role in uprooting the Zaydani sheikhdom. Unlike the Galilee-born Zahir, Jazzar was a product of the Ottoman state and a force for Ottoman centralization, yet he also pursued his own agenda, extending his influence throughout the southern half of Ottoman Syria. Jazzar assumed control over Zahir’s cotton monopoly and further strengthened the fortifications of Acre, where he was based. He financed his rule through income generated from the cotton trade, as well as taxes, tolls and extortion. Tensions between Jazzar and the French cotton merchants of Acre ended with the latter being expelled in the late 1780s, at a time when prices for Palestine’s cotton were declining due to alternative sources elsewhere. Like Zahir, Jazzar was able to maintain domestic security by suppressing the Bedouin tribes. However, the local peasantry did not fare well under his stringent taxation policies, which resulted in many leaving the Galilee for neighboring areas. To protect his rule, he raised a personal army of mamluks (slave soldiers) and mercenaries consisting of troops from different parts of the Islamic world. Jazzar established close ties with the Tuqan clan, who were traditionally aligned with the Ottoman authorities. However, the Tuqans’ chief rival, the Jarrar clan, resisted his attempts at centralization and Jazzar besieged them at their Sanur fortress in 1790 and 1795, both times ending in defeat. In February 1799, Emperor Napoleon of France entered Palestine after conquering Egypt as part of his campaign against the Ottomans, who were allied with his enemy, the British Empire. He occupied Gaza and moved north along Palestine’s coastal plain, capturing Jaffa, where his forces massacred some 3,000 Ottoman troops who had surrendered and many civilians. His forces then captured Haifa and used it as a staging ground for their siege of Acre. Napoleon called for Jewish support to capture Jerusalem. This was done to gain favor with Haim Farhi, Jazzar’s Jewish vizier. The invasion rallied the sheikhs of Jabal Nablus, with the multazem of Jenin, Sheikh Yusuf al-Jarrar, beckoning them to combat the French. In contrast to the sheikhs of the Hebron Hills and Jerusalem who provided conscripts to the Ottoman Army, the sheikhs of Jabal Nablus fought independently, to the chagrin of the Sublime Porte. Their men were defeated by the French in the Galilee. Napoleon failed to conquer Acre and his defeat by Jazzar’s forces, backed by the British, compelled him to withdraw from Palestine with heavy losses in May. Jazzar’s victory significantly boosted his prestige. The Ottomans pursued the French in Egypt in 1800, using Gaza as their launch point. Jazzar died in 1804 and was succeeded as Wali of Sidon by his trusted mamluk Sulayman Pasha al-Adil. Sulayman, under Farhi’s guidance, undertook a policy of loosening his predecessors’ monopolies on the cotton, olive oil and grain trades. However, he also established Acre as the only Levantine port city allowed to export these cash crops. He also made significant cuts to Acre’s military and adopted a decentralization policy of non-interference with his deputy governors, such as Muhammad Abu-Nabbut of Jaffa, and diplomacy with various autonomous sheikhs, such as Musa Bey Tuqan of Nablus. This marked a departure from the violent approach of Jazzar. By 1810, Sulayman was appointed to Damascus Eyalet, giving him control over most of Ottoman Syria. Before he was dismissed from the latter in 1812, he managed to have the sanjaks of Latakia, Tripoli and Gaza annexed to Sidon Eyalet. Towards the end of his rule, in 1817, a civil war broke out in Jabal Nablus between the Tuqans and a coalition of the Nimr, Jarrar, Qasim and Abd al-Hadi clans over Musa Bey’s attempt to monopolize power in Nablus by ousting the Nimrs. Sulayman mediated between the clans and secured a temporary peace in 1818. Abdullah Pasha, groomed by Farhi for leadership, succeeded Sulayman in 1820 nine months after the latter’s death in 1819. Ottoman hesitation to appoint Abdullah was mitigated after persistent lobbying and bribery of Ottoman imperial officials by Farhi. Unlike Jazzar’s mamluks who sought the governorship, Farhi did not view his protégé Abdullah to be a threat to his influence. Nonetheless, Abdullah had Farhi executed less than a year into his rule as the result of a power struggle. Abdullah more or less continued his predecessor’s alliance with Emir Bashir Shihab II of Mount Lebanon and together they confronted the Wali of Damascus. The Ottoman authorities, instigated by Farhi’s relatives, attempted to oust Abdullah in a siege against Acre, but Muhammad Ali, Wali of Egypt, persuaded the Ottomans to keep Abdullah as governor. In 1830, the Sidon Eyalet was assigned the sanjaks of Nablus, Jerusalem and Hebron, thereby bringing all of Palestine under a single province. That year, the Jarrars led a revolt against Abdullah, who thereafter besieged and destroyed Sanur’s fortress, which had successfully resisted sieges by his predecessors. Abdullah’s rule was marked by declining revenues from the cotton trade, efforts to reassert Acre’s monopolies and poverty in Palestine. Nonetheless, Acre under Abdullah remained the principal force in Ottoman Syria due to instability in Damascus and the Ottomans’ preoccupation with the war in Greece. In 1831, Muhammad Ali of Egypt dispatched his modernized army commanded by his son Ibrahim Pasha in a campaign to annex Ottoman Syria, including Palestine. Ibrahim Pasha’s forces had previously defeated the Ottomans and gained control of Sudan and the western Arabian Peninsula. Their entry into Palestine was not resisted by the local inhabitants, nor by the rural sheikhs of the central highlands. However, Abdullah Pasha resisted the conquest from Acre, which was besieged and ultimately surrendered in May 1832. Egyptian rule brought on major political and administrative reforms to Palestine and Ottoman Syria in general, and represented a radical change from the semi-autonomous rule that existed in the region prior to Muhammad Ali’s conquest. Among the significant measures established by Ibrahim Pasha to bring all of Syria under a single administration was the introduction of the advisory councils whose purpose was to standardize the diverse political configurations of Syria. The councils, based in the major cities, were composed of religious leaders, wealthy merchants and urban leaders, and functioned as administrative centers. In effect, they solidified urban control and economic domination of the hinterland, according to historian Beshara Doumani. Ibrahim Pasha also instituted the disarmament and conscription of the peasantry, a policy carried out by Muhammad Ali in Egypt to establish centralized rule and a modern army. Conscription and disarmament were highly unpopular among the peasantry and their leaders, who refused to implement the orders. New taxation policies also threatened the role of urban notables and rural sheikhs as mutasallims, while Egypt’s effective law enforcement measures threatened the livelihood of Bedouin tribes who derived their income from extorting merchants and travelers. The diverse array of social and political groups hostile to Egyptian reforms throughout Palestine developed into a coalition. Consequently, this coalition launched what became known as the Peasants’ Revolt in 1834. The core of the rebels were based in Jabal Nablus and led by subdistrict chief Qasim al-Ahmad, who had previously contributed peasant irregulars to Ibrahim Pasha’s forces during the conquest of Syria. The revolt represented a major threat to the flow of arms and conscripts between Egypt and Syria and to Muhammad Ali’s program of modernizing Egypt. Rebel forces captured most of Palestine, including Jerusalem, by June. However, Muhammad Ali arrived in Palestine, opened negotiations with various rebel leaders and sympathizers, and secured a truce in July. He also managed to secure the defection of the powerful Abu Ghosh clan of Jerusalem’s hinterland from the rebel forces. During the truce period, numerous religious and political leaders from Jerusalem and other cities were either arrested, exiled or executed. Afterward, Qasim recommenced the rebellion, viewing the truce as a ruse. Egyptian forces launched a campaign to defeat the rebels in Jabal Nablus, destroying 16 villages before capturing Nablus itself on 15 July. Qasim was pursued to Hebron, which was leveled in August, and was later captured and executed with most of the rebel leadership. In the wake of Egypt’s victory, the virtual autonomy of Jabal Nablus was significantly weakened, the conscription orders were carried out with 10,000 peasant conscripts sent to Egypt, and the population was largely disarmed. The latter measure effectively introduced a monopoly of violence in Palestine, as part of Egypt’s centralization policies. Egyptian rule and the defeat of the powerful rural sheikhs of Jabal Nablus led to the political elevation of the Abd al-Hadi clan of Arraba. Its sheikh, Husayn Abd al-Hadi, supported Ibrahim Pasha during the revolt and was promoted as the Wali of Sidon, which included all of Palestine. His relatives and allies were appointed the mutasallims of Jerusalem, Nablus and Jaffa. Britain sent the navy to shell Beirut and an Anglo-Ottoman expeditionary force landed, causing local uprisings against the Egyptian occupiers. A British naval squadron anchored off Alexandria. The Egyptian army retreated to Egypt. Muhammad Ali signed the Treaty of 1841. Britain returned control of the Levant to the Ottomans, and as a result was able to increase the extraterritorial rights that various European nations had enjoyed throughout previous centuries under the terms of the Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire. One American diplomat wrote that “Extraordinary privileges and immunities had become so embodied in successive treaties between the great Christian Powers and the Sublime Porte that for most intents and purposes many nationalities in the Ottoman empire formed a state within the state.” In common usage from 1840 onward, “Palestine” was used either to describe the consular jurisdictions of the Western powers or for a region that extended in the north–south direction typically from Rafah (south-east of Gaza) to the Litani River (now in Lebanon). The western boundary was the sea, and the eastern boundary was the poorly defined place where the Syrian desert began. In various European sources, the eastern boundary was placed anywhere from the Jordan River to slightly east of Amman. The Negev Desert was not included. The Consuls were originally magistrates who tried cases involving their own citizens in foreign territories. While the jurisdictions in the secular states of Europe had become territorial, the Ottomans perpetuated the legal system they inherited from the Byzantine Empire. The law in many matters was personal, not territorial, and the individual citizen carried his nation’s law with him wherever he went. Capitulatory law applied to foreigners in Palestine. Only Consular Courts of the State of the foreigners concerned were competent to try them. That was true, not only in cases involving personal status, but also in criminal and commercial matters. According to American Ambassador Morgenthau, Turkey had never been an independent sovereignty. The Western Powers had their own courts, marshals, colonies, schools, postal systems, religious institutions, and prisons. The Consuls also extended protections to large communities of Jewish protégés who had settled in Palestine. The Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities of Palestine were allowed to exercise jurisdiction over their own members according to charters granted to them. For centuries the Jews and Christians had enjoyed a large degree of communal autonomy in matters of worship, jurisdiction over personal status, taxes, and in managing their schools and charitable institutions. In the 19th century those rights were formally recognized as part of the Tanzimat reforms and when the communities were placed under the protection of European public law. In the 1860s, the Ottoman military was able to restore order east of Jordan by halting tribal conflicts and Bedouin raids. This invited migration to the east, notably the Salt area, from various populations in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine to take advantage of new lands. This influx amounted to some 12,000 over the period from 1880 to just before the First World War, while the Bedouin population east of Jordan increased to 56,000. However, with the creation of the Transjordanian emirate in 1921–22, the hamlet of Amman, which had been recently resettled by Circassians, attracted most of the new immigrants from Palestine, and many of those that had previously moved to Salt. In the reorganisation of 1873, which established the administrative boundaries that remained in place until 1914, Palestine was split between three major administrative units. The northern part, above a line connecting Jaffa to north Jericho and the Jordan, was assigned to the vilayet of Beirut, subdivided into the sanjaks (districts) of Acre, Beirut and Nablus. The southern part, from Jaffa downwards, was part of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, a special district under the direct authority of Istanbul. Its southern boundaries were unclear but petered out in the eastern Sinai Peninsula and northern Negev Desert. Most of the central and southern Negev was assigned to the vilayet of Hejaz, which also included the Sinai Peninsula and the western part of Arabia. The Ottomans regarded “Filistin” as an abstract term referring to the “Holy Land”, and not one consistently applied to a clearly defined area. Among the educated Arab public, Filastin was a common concept, referring either to the whole of Palestine or to the Jerusalem sanjak alone or just to the area around Ramle. The publication of the daily paper Falastin (Palestine) from 1911 was one example of the increasing currency of this concept. The rise of Zionism, the national movement of the Jewish people started in Europe in the 19th century seeking to recreate a Jewish state in Palestine, and return the original homeland of the Jewish people. The end of the 19th century saw the beginning of Zionist immigration. The “First Aliyah” was the first modern widespread wave of Zionist aliyah. Jews who migrated to Palestine in this wave came mostly from Eastern Europe and from Yemen. This wave of aliyah began in 1881–82 and lasted until 1903. An estimated 25,000–35,000 First Aliyah laid the cornerstone for Jewish settlement in Israel and created several settlements such as Rishon LeZion, Rosh Pina, Zikhron Ya’akov and Gedera. In 1891, a group of Jerusalem notables sent a petition to the central Ottoman government in Istanbul calling for the cessation of Jewish immigration, and land sales to Jews. The “Second Aliyah” took place between 1904 and 1914, during which approximately 40,000 Jews immigrated, mostly from Russia and Poland, and some from Yemen. The Second Aliyah immigrants were primarily idealists, inspired by the revolutionary ideals then sweeping the Russian Empire who sought to create a communal agricultural settlement system in Palestine. They thus founded the kibbutz movement. The first kibbutz, Degania, was founded in 1909. Tel Aviv was founded at that time, though its founders were not necessarily from the new immigrants. The Second Aliyah is largely credited with the revival of the Hebrew language and establishing it as the standard language for Jews in Israel. Eliezer Ben-Yehuda contributed to the creation of the first modern Hebrew dictionary. Although he was an immigrant of the First Aliyah, his work mostly bore fruit during the second. Ottoman rule over the eastern Mediterranean lasted until World War I when the Ottomans sided with the German Empire and the Central Powers. During World War I, the Ottomans were driven from much of the region by the British Empire during the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. In World War I, the Ottoman Empire sided with Germany. As a result, it was embroiled in a conflict with the United Kingdom. Under the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement of 1916, it was envisioned that most of Palestine, when freed from Ottoman control, would become an international zone not under direct French or British colonial control. Shortly thereafter, British foreign minister Arthur Balfour issued the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which promised to establish a “Jewish national home” in Palestine but appeared to contradict the 1915–16 Hussein-McMahon Correspondence, which contained an undertaking to form a united Arab state in exchange for the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire in World War I. McMahon’s promises could have been seen by Arab nationalists as a pledge of immediate Arab independence, an undertaking violated by the region’s subsequent partition into British and French League of Nations mandates under the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement of May 1916, which became the real cornerstone of the geopolitics structuring the entire region. The Balfour Declaration, likewise, was seen by Jewish nationalists as the cornerstone of a future Jewish homeland. The British-led Egyptian Expeditionary Force, commanded by Edmund Allenby, captured Jerusalem on 9 December 1917 and occupied the whole of the Levant following the defeat of Turkish forces in Palestine at the Battle of Megiddo in September 1918 and the capitulation of Turkey on 31 October. Allenby famously dismounted from his horse when he entered Jerusalem as a mark of respect for the Holy City and was greeted by the Christian, Jewish, and Islamic leaders of the city. Following the First World War and the occupation of the region by the British, the principal Allied and associated powers drafted the mandate, which was formally approved by the League of Nations in 1922. Great Britain administered Palestine on behalf of the League of Nations between 1920 and 1948, a period referred to as the “British Mandate”. The preamble of the mandate declared: “Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have also agreed that the Mandatory should be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917, by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and adopted by the said Powers, in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing should be done which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.” Not all were satisfied with the mandate. The League of Nations’ objective with the mandate system was to administer the parts of the former Ottoman Empire, which the Middle East had controlled since the 16th century, “until such time as they are able to stand alone”. Some of the Arabs felt that Britain was violating the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence and the understanding of the Arab Revolt. Some wanted a unification with Syria: in February 1919, several Muslim and Christian groups from Jaffa and Jerusalem met and adopted a platform endorsing unity with Syria and opposition to Zionism (this is sometimes called the First Palestinian National Congress). A letter was sent to Damascus authorizing Faisal to represent the Arabs of Palestine at the Paris Peace Conference. In May 1919 a Syrian National Congress was held in Damascus, and a Palestinian delegation attended its sessions. The 1922 census of Palestine recorded the population of Palestine as 757,000, of which 78% were Muslims, 11% were Jews, 10% were Christians and 1% were Druze. In the early years of the Mandate, Jewish immigration to Palestine was quite substantial. In April 1920, violent Arab disturbances against the Jews in Jerusalem occurred, which came to be known as the 1920 Palestine riots. The riots followed rising tensions in Arab-Jewish relations over the implications of Zionist immigration. The British military administration’s erratic response failed to contain the rioting, which continued for four days. As a result of the events, trust among the British, Jews, and Arabs eroded. One consequence was that the Jewish community increased moves towards an autonomous infrastructure and security apparatus parallel to that of the British administration. In April 1920, the Allied Supreme Council (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan) met at Sanremo and formal decisions were taken on the allocation of mandate territories. The United Kingdom obtained a mandate for Palestine and France obtained a mandate for Syria. The boundaries of the mandates and the conditions under which they were to be held were not decided. The Zionist Organization’s representative at Sanremo, Chaim Weizmann, subsequently reported to his colleagues in London: There are still important details outstanding, such as the actual terms of the mandate and the question of the boundaries in Palestine. There is the delimitation of the boundary between French Syria and Palestine, which will constitute the northern frontier and the eastern line of demarcation, adjoining Arab Syria. The latter is not likely to be fixed until the Emir Feisal attends the Peace Conference, probably in Paris. In July 1920, the French drove Faisal bin Husayn from Damascus, ending his already negligible control over the region of Transjordan, where local chiefs traditionally resisted any central authority. The sheikhs, who had earlier pledged their loyalty to the Sharif of Mecca, asked the British to undertake the region’s administration. Herbert Samuel asked for the extension of the Palestine government’s authority to Transjordan, but at meetings in Cairo and Jerusalem between Winston Churchill and Emir Abdullah in March 1921 it was agreed that Abdullah would administer the territory (initially for six months only) on behalf of the Palestine administration. In the summer of 1921 Transjordan was included within the Mandate, but excluded from the provisions for a Jewish National Home. On 24 July 1922, the League of Nations approved the terms of the British Mandate over Palestine and Transjordan. On 16 September the League formally approved a memorandum from Lord Balfour confirming the exemption of Transjordan from the clauses of the mandate concerning the creation of a Jewish national home and Jewish settlement. With Transjordan coming under the administration of the British Mandate, the mandate’s collective territory became constituted of 23% Palestine and 77% Transjordan. The mandate for Palestine, while specifying actions in support of Jewish immigration and political status, stated, in Article 25, that in the territory to the east of the Jordan River, Britain could ‘postpone or withhold’ those articles of the Mandate concerning a Jewish National Home. Transjordan was a very sparsely populated region (especially in comparison with Palestine proper) due to its relatively limited resources and largely desert environment. Palestine and Transjordan were incorporated (under different legal and administrative arrangements) into the “Mandate for Palestine and Transjordan Memorandum” issued by the League of Nations to Great Britain on 29 September 1923 In 1923, an agreement between the United Kingdom and France confirmed the border between the British Mandate of Palestine and the French Mandate of Syria. The British handed over the southern Golan Heights to the French in return for the northern Jordan Valley. The border was re-drawn so that both sides of the Jordan River and the whole of the Sea of Galilee, including a 10-metre-wide strip along the northeastern shore, were made a part of Palestine, with the provisions that Syria have fishing and navigation rights in the lake. The Palestine Exploration Fund published surveys and maps of Western Palestine (aka Cisjordan) starting in the mid-19th century. Even before the Mandate came into legal effect in 1923, British terminology sometimes used ‘”Palestine” for the part west of the Jordan River and “Trans-Jordan” (or Transjordania) for the part east of the Jordan River. The first reference to the Palestinians, without qualifying them as Arabs, is to be found in a document of the Permanent Executive Committee, composed of Muslims and Christians, presenting a series of formal complaints to the British authorities on 26 July 1928. Between 1922 and 1947, the annual growth rate of the Jewish sector of the economy was 13.2%, mainly due to immigration and foreign capital, while that of the Arab was 6.5%. Per capita, these figures were 4.8% and 3.6% respectively. By 1936, the Jewish sector had eclipsed the Arab one, and Jewish individuals earned 2.6 times as much as Arabs. In terms of human capital, there was a huge difference. For instance, the literacy rates in 1932 were 86% for the Jews against 22% for the Arabs, but Arab literacy was steadily increasing. In 1933, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany, Haavara agreement is in place between the Zionist Federation and the German government of the Third Reich to facilitate the emigration of German Jews. The office of “Mufti of Jerusalem”, traditionally limited in authority and geographical scope, was refashioned by the British into that of “Grand Mufti of Palestine”. Furthermore, a Supreme Muslim Council (SMC) was established and given various duties, such as the administration of religious endowments and the appointment of religious judges and local muftis. During the revolt (see below) the Arab Higher Committee was established as the central political organ of the Arab community of Palestine. During the Mandate period, many factories were established and roads and railroads were built throughout the country. The Jordan River was harnessed for production of electric power and the Dead Sea was tapped for minerals—potash and bromine. Sparked off by the death of Shaykh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam at the hands of the British police near Jenin in November 1935, in the years 1936–1939 the Arabs participated in the Great Uprising to protest against British rule and against mass Jewish immigration. The revolt manifested in a strike and armed insurrection started sporadically, becoming more organized with time. Attacks were mainly directed at British strategic installations such as the Trans Arabian Pipeline (TAP) and railways, and to a lesser extent against Jewish settlements, secluded Jewish neighbourhoods in the mixed cities, and Jews, both individually and in groups. Violence abated for about a year while the Peel Commission deliberated and eventually recommended partition of Palestine. With the Arab rejection of this proposal, the revolt resumed during the autumn of 1937. Violence continued throughout 1938 and eventually petered out in 1939. The British responded to the violence by greatly expanding their military forces and clamping down on Arab dissent. “Administrative detention” (imprisonment without charges or trial), curfews, and house demolitions were among British practices during this period. More than 120 Arabs were sentenced to death and about 40 hanged. The main Arab leaders were arrested or expelled. The Haganah (Hebrew for “defense”), a Jewish paramilitary organization, actively supported British efforts to quell the insurgency, which reached 10,000 Arab fighters at their peak during the summer and fall of 1938. Although the British administration did not officially recognize the Haganah, the British security forces cooperated with it by forming the Jewish Settlement Police and Special Night Squads. A terrorist splinter group of the Haganah, called the Irgun (or Etzel) adopted a policy of violent retaliation against Arabs for attacks on Jews. At a meeting in Alexandria in July 1937 between Jabotinsky and Irgun commander Col. Robert Bitker and chief-of-staff Moshe Rosenberg, the need for indiscriminate retaliation due to the difficulty of limiting operations to only the “guilty” was explained. The Irgun launched attacks against public gathering places such as markets and cafes. The revolt did not achieve its goals, although it is “credited with signifying the birth of the Arab Palestinian identity”. It is generally credited with forcing the issuance of the White Paper of 1939, which renounced Britain’s intent of creating a Jewish National Home in Palestine, as proclaimed in the 1917 Balfour Declaration. Another outcome of the hostilities was the partial disengagement of the Jewish and Arab economies in Palestine, which were more or less intertwined until that time. For example, whereas the Jewish city of Tel Aviv previously relied on the nearby Arab seaport of Jaffa, hostilities dictated the construction of a separate Jewish-run seaport for Tel Aviv. When the Second World War broke out, the Jewish population sided with Britain. David Ben-Gurion, head of the Jewish Agency, defined the policy with what became a famous motto: “We will fight the war as if there were no White Paper, and we will fight the White Paper as if there were no war.” While this represented the Jewish population as a whole, there were exceptions (see below). As in most of the Arab world, there was no unanimity among the Palestinian Arabs as to their position regarding the combatants in World War II. A number of leaders and public figures saw an Axis victory as the likely outcome and a way of securing Palestine back from the Zionists and the British. Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, spent the rest of the war in Nazi Germany and the occupied areas. About 6,000 Palestinian Arabs and 30,000 Palestinian Jews joined the British forces. On 10 June 1940, Italy declared war on the British Commonwealth and sided with Germany. Within a month, the Italians attacked Palestine from the air, bombing Tel Aviv and Haifa. In 1942, there was a period of anxiety for the Yishuv, when the forces of German General Erwin Rommel advanced east in North Africa towards the Suez Canal and there was fear that they would conquer Palestine. This period was referred to as the two hundred days of anxiety. This event was the direct cause for the founding, with British support, of the Palmach—a highly trained regular unit belonging to Haganah (which was mostly made up of reserve troops). On 3 July 1944, the British government consented to the establishment of a Jewish Brigade with hand-picked Jewish and also non-Jewish senior officers. The brigade fought in Europe, most notably against the Germans in Italy from March 1945 until the end of the war in May 1945. Members of the Brigade played a key role in the Berihah’s efforts to help Jews escape Europe for Palestine. Later, veterans of the Jewish Brigade became key participants of the new State of Israel’s Israel Defense Forces. Starting in 1939 and throughout the war, the British reduced the number of Jewish immigrants allowed into Palestine, following the publication of the MacDonald White Paper. Once the 15,000 annual quota was exceeded, Jews fleeing Nazi persecution were placed in detention camps or deported to places such as Mauritius. In 1944 Menachem Begin assumed the Irgun’s leadership, determined to force the British government to remove its troops entirely from Palestine. Citing that the British had reneged on their original promise of the Balfour Declaration, and that the White Paper of 1939 restricting Jewish immigration was an escalation of their pro-Arab policy, he decided to break with the Haganah. Soon after he assumed command, a formal ‘Declaration of Revolt’ was publicized, and armed attacks against British forces were initiated. Lehi, another splinter group, opposed cessation of operations against the British authorities all along. The Jewish Agency, which opposed those actions and the challenge to its role as government in preparation responded with “The Hunting Season”—severe actions against supporters of the Irgun and Lehi, including turning them over to the British. The country developed economically during the war, with increased industrial and agricultural outputs and the period was considered an `economic Boom’. In terms of Arab-Jewish relations, these were relatively quiet times. In the years following World War II, Britain’s control over Palestine became increasingly tenuous. This was caused by a combination of factors, including: World public opinion turned against Britain as a result of the British policy of preventing survivors from reaching Palestine, sending them instead to Cyprus internment camps, or even back to Germany, as in the case of Exodus 1947. The costs of maintaining an army of over 100,000 men in Palestine weighed heavily on a British economy suffering from post-war depression, and was another cause for British public opinion to demand an end to the Mandate. Rapid deterioration due to the actions of the Jewish paramilitary organizations (Hagana, Irgun and Lehi), involving attacks on strategic installations (by all three) as well as on British forces and officials (by the Irgun and Lehi). This caused severe damage to British morale and prestige, as well as increasing opposition to the mandate in Britain itself, public opinion demanding to “bring the boys home”. The U.S. Congress was delaying a loan necessary to prevent British bankruptcy. The delays were in response to the British refusal to fulfill a promise given to Truman that 100,000 Holocaust survivors would be allowed to emigrate to Palestine. In early 1947 the British Government announced their desire to terminate the Mandate, and asked the United Nations General Assembly to make recommendations regarding the future of the country. The British Administration declined to accept the responsibility for implementing any solution that wasn’t acceptable to both the Jewish and the Arab communities, or to allow other authorities to take over responsibility for public security prior to the termination of its mandate on 15 May 1948. On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly, voting 33 to 13 in favour with 10 abstentions, adopted a resolution, Resolution 181 (II), recommended a partition with Economic Union of Mandatory Palestine to follow the termination of the British Mandate. The plan was to partition Palestine into an “Independent Arab state alongside a Jewish States, and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem”. Jerusalem was to encompass Bethlehem. Zionist leaders (including the Jewish Agency), accepted the plan, while Palestinian Arab leaders rejected it and all independent Muslim and Arab states voted against it. Almost immediately, sectarian violence erupted and spread, killing hundreds of Arabs, Jews and British over the ensuing months. The rapid evolution of events precipitated into a Civil War. For four months, under continuous Arab provocation and attack, the Yishuv was usually on the defensive while occasionally retaliating. Arab volunteers of the Arab Liberation Army entered Palestine to fight alongside the Palestinians, but the April–May offensive of Yishuv forces defeated the Arab forces and Arab Palestinian society collapsed. Some 700,000 Palestinians caught up in the turmoil fled or were driven from their homes. On 14 May 1948, David Ben-Gurion and the Jewish People’s Council declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel (The Land of Israel), to be known as the State of Israel. The neighbouring Arab states intervened to prevent the partition and support the Palestinian Arab population. While Transjordan took control of territory designated for the future Arab State, Syrian, Iraqi and Egyptian expeditionary forces attacked Israel without success. The most intensive battles were waged between the Jordanian and Israeli forces over the control of Jerusalem. On June 11, a truce was accepted by all parties. Israel used the lull to undertake a large-scale reinforcement of its army. In a series of military operations, during the war it conquered the whole of the Galilee region, both the Lydda and Ramle areas, and the Negev. It also managed to secure, in the Battles of Latrun, a road linking Jerusalem to Israel. However, the neighboring Arab countries signed the 1949 Armistice Agreements that ended the war, and have recognized de facto the new borders of Israel. In this phase, 350,000 more Arab Palestinians fled or were expelled from the conquered areas. Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the area allocated to the Palestinian Arabs and the international zone of Jerusalem were occupied by Israel and the neighboring Arab states in accordance with the terms of the 1949 Armistice Agreements. In addition to the UN-partitioned area allotted to the Jewish state, Israel captured and incorporated a further 26% of the British Mandate territory. Jordan retained possession of about 21% of the former Mandate territory. Jerusalem was divided, with Jordan taking the eastern parts, including the Old City, and Israel taking the western parts. In addition, Syria held on to small slivers of the former Mandate territory to the south and east of the Sea of Galilee, which had been allocated in the UN partition plan to the Jewish state. For a description of the massive population movements, Arab and Jewish, at the time of the 1948 war and over the following decades, see Palestinian exodus and Jewish exodus from Arab lands. On the same day that the State of Israel was announced, the Arab League announced that it would set up a single Arab civil administration throughout Palestine, and launched an attack on the new Israeli state. The All-Palestine Government was established by the Arab League on 22 September 1948, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was soon recognized by all Arab League members, except Jordan. Though jurisdiction of the Government was declared to cover the whole of the former Mandatory Palestine, its effective jurisdiction was limited to the Gaza Strip. The Prime Minister of the Gaza-seated administration was named Ahmed Hilmi Pasha, and the President was named Hajj Amin al-Husseini, former chairman of the Arab Higher Committee. The All-Palestine Government is regarded by some as the first attempt to establish an independent Palestinian state. It was under official Egyptian protection, but, on the other hand, it had no executive role, but rather mostly political and symbolic. Its importance gradually declined, especially due to relocation of seat of government from Gaza to Cairo following the Israeli invasion in late 1948. Though Gaza Strip returned under Egyptian control later on through the war, the All-Palestine Government remained in-exile in Cairo, managing Gazan affairs from outside. In 1959, the All-Palestine Government was officially merged into the United Arab Republic, coming under formal Egyptian military administration, with the appointment of Egyptian military administrators in Gaza. Egypt, however, both formally and informally denounced any and all territorial claims to Palestinian territory, in contrast to the government of Transjordan, which declared its annexation of the Palestinian West Bank. The All-Palestine Government’s credentials as a bona fide sovereign state were questioned by many, particularly due to the effective reliance upon not only Egyptian military support, but Egyptian political and economic power. Shortly after the proclamation of All-Palestine Government in Gaza, the Jericho Conference named King Abdullah I of Transjordan, “King of Arab Palestine”. The Congress called for the union of Arab Palestine and Transjordan and Abdullah announced his intention to annex the West Bank. The other Arab League member states opposed Abdullah’s plan. The New Historians, like Avi Shlaim, hold that there was an unwritten secret agreement between King Abdullah of Transjordan and Israeli authorities to partition the territory between themselves, and that this translated into each side limiting their objectives and exercising mutual restraint during the 1948 war. The presence of a large number of immigrants and refugees from the now dissolved Mandate of Palestine fueled the regional ambitions of King Abdullah I, who sought control over what had been the British Jerusalem and Samaria districts on the west bank of Jordan River. Towards this goal the king granted Jordanian citizenship to all Arab holders of the Palestinian Mandate identity documents in February 1949, and outlawed the terms “Palestinian” and “Transjordanian” from official usage, changing the country’s name from the Emirate of Trans-Jordan to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The area east of the river became known as “al-Ḍiffah al-Sharqiyyal”, or “The East Bank”. In April 1950, with the formal annexation of the positions held by the Jordanian Army since 1948, the area became known as “al-Ḍiffah al-Gharbiyyal” or “The Western Bank”. With the formal union of the East and West Banks in 1950, the number of Palestinians in the kingdom rose by another 720,000, of whom 440,000 were West Bank residents and 280,000 were refugees from other areas of the former Mandate then living on the West Bank. Palestinians became the majority in Jordan although most believed their return to what was now the state of Israel was imminent. In the course of the Six Day War in June 1967, Israel captured the rest of the area that had been part of the British Mandate of Palestine, taking the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) from Jordan and the Gaza Strip from Egypt. Following military threats by Egypt and Syria, including Egyptian president Nasser’s demand of the UN to remove its peace-keeping troops from the Egyptian-Israeli border, in June 1967 Israeli forces went to action against Egypt, Syria and Jordan. As a result of that war, the Israel Defense Forces conquered the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights, and the Sinai Peninsula bringing them under military rule. Israel also pushed Arab forces back from East Jerusalem, which Jews had not been permitted to visit during the prior Jordanian rule. East Jerusalem was allegedly annexed by Israel as part of its capital, though this action has not been recognized internationally. Israel also started building settlements on the occupied land. The United Nation’s Security Council passed Resolution 242, promoting the “land for peace” formula, which called for Israeli withdrawal from territories occupied in 1967, in return for the end of all states of belligerency by the aforementioned Arab League nations. Palestinians continued longstanding demands for the destruction of Israel or made a new demand for self-determination in a separate independent Arab state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip similar to but smaller than the original Partition area that Palestinians and the Arab League had rejected for statehood in 1947. In the course of 1973 Yom Kippur War, military forces of Egypt crossed the Suez canal and Syria to regain the Golan heights. The attacking military forces of Syria were pushed back. After a cease fire, Egyptian President Sadat Anwar Sadat started peace talks with the U.S. and Israel. Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt as part of the 1978 Camp David Peace Accords between Egypt and Israel in hopes of establishing a genuine peace. From 1987 to 1993, the First Palestinian Intifada against Israel took place. Attempts at the Israeli–Palestinian peace process were made at the Madrid Conference of 1991. As the process progressed, in 1993 the Israelis allowed Chairman and President of the Palestine Liberation Organization Yassir Arafat to return to the region. Following the historic 1993 Oslo Peace Accords between Palestinians and Israel (the “Oslo Accords”), which gave the Palestinian Arabs limited self-rule in some parts of the occupied territories through the Palestinian Authority, and other detailed negotiations, proposals for a Palestinian state gained momentum. They were soon followed in 1993 by the Israel–Jordan peace treaty. To date, efforts to resolve the conflict have ended in deadlock, and the people of the region, Jews and Arabs, are engaged in a bloody conflict, called variously the “Arab–Israeli conflict” or “Israeli–Palestinian conflict”. After few years of on-and-off negotiations, the Palestinians began an uprising against Israel. This was known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada. The events were highlighted in world media by Palestinian suicide bombings in Israel that killed many civilians, and by Israeli Security Forces full-fledged invasions into civilian areas along with some targeted killings of Palestinian militant leaders and organizers. Israel began building a complex security barrier to block suicide bombers crossing into Israel from the West Bank in 2002. Also in 2002, the Road map for peace calling for the resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict was proposed by a “quartet”: the United States, European Union, Russia, and United Nations. U.S. President George W. Bush in a speech on June 24, 2002, called for an independent Palestinian state living side by side with Israel in peace. Bush was the first U.S. President to explicitly call for such a Palestinian state. Following Israel’s unilateral disengagement plan of 2004, it withdrew all settlers and most of the military presence from the Gaza strip, but maintained control of the air space and coast. Israel also dismantled four settlements in northern West Bank in September 2005. Following Israel’s withdrawal, Palestinian militia groups fired Qassam rockets into Israel and smuggled weapons and ammunition into Gaza from Egypt. After the kidnap of Israeli soldiers in June 2006, Israel launched a military operation and reentered some parts of the Gaza Strip. Amidst severe criticism, they built the Israeli West Bank barrier. Following the January 2006 election of the Hamas government, Fatah resistance took the form of street battles that resulted in a victory for Hamas. Hamas took over the ministries of the (Fatah) Palestinian Authority and Gaza became a Hamas enclave outside PA control. As of July 2009, approximately 305,000 Israelis lived in 121 settlements in the West Bank. The 2.4 million West Bank Palestinians (according to Palestinian evaluations) live primarily in four blocs centered in Hebron, Ramallah, Nablus, and Jericho. On 23 September 2011, President Mahmoud Abbas on behalf of the Palestine Liberation Organisation submitted an application for membership of Palestine in the United Nations. The campaign, dubbed “Palestine 194”, was formally backed by the Arab League in May, and was officially confirmed by the PLO on 26 June. The decision was labelled by the Israeli government as a unilateral step, while the Palestinian government countered that it is essential to overcoming the current impasse. Several other countries, such as Germany and Canada, have also denounced the decision and called for a prompt return to negotiations. Many others, however, such as Norway and Russia, have endorsed the plan, as has Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, who stated, “UN members are entitled whether to vote for or against the Palestinian statehood recognition at the UN.” In July 2012, it was reported that Hamas Government in Gaza was considering declaring the independence of the Gaza Strip with the help of Egypt. In August 2012, Foreign Minister of the PNA Riyad al-Malki told reporters in Ramallah that PNA would renew effort to upgrade the Palestinian (PLO) status to “full member state” at the U.N. General Assembly on September 27, 2012. By September 2012, with their application for full membership stalled due to the inability of Security Council members to “make a unanimous recommendation”, Palestine had decided to pursue an upgrade in status from “observer entity” to “non-member observer state”. On November 27, it was announced that the appeal had been officially made, and would be put to a vote in the General Assembly on November 29, where their status upgrade was expected to be supported by a majority of states. In addition to granting Palestine “non-member observer state status”, the draft resolution “expresses the hope that the Security Council will consider favourably the application submitted on 23 September 2011 by the State of Palestine for admission to full membership in the United Nations, endorses the two state solution based on the pre-1967 borders, and stresses the need for an immediate resumption of negotiations between the two parties”. On November 29, 2012, in a 138–9 vote (with 41 abstaining), General Assembly resolution 67/19 passed, upgrading Palestine to “non-member observer state” status in the United Nations. The new status equates Palestine’s with that of the Holy See. The change in status was described by The Independent as “de facto recognition of the sovereign state of Palestine”. The UN has permitted Palestine to title its representative office to the UN as “The Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations”, and Palestine has started to re-title its name accordingly on postal stamps, official documents and passports, whilst it has instructed its diplomats to officially represent “The State of Palestine”, as opposed to the “Palestine National Authority”. Additionally, on 17 December 2012, UN Chief of Protocol Yeocheol Yoon decided that “the designation of ‘State of Palestine’ shall be used by the Secretariat in all official United Nations documents”, thus recognising the PLO-proclaimed State of Palestine as being sovereign over the territories Palestine and its citizens under international law. As of February 2013, 131 (67.9%) of the 193 member states of the United Nations have recognised the State of Palestine. Many of the countries that do not recognise the State of Palestine nevertheless recognise the PLO as the ‘representative of the Palestinian people’. 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__label__wiki	0.511501	0.511501	REVIEW: Alice Cooper – Welcome To My Nightmare (1975) ALICE COOPER – Welcome To My Nightmare (1975) My sister used to have a tradition. Because I’ve always been a collector, she would have an easy time buying gifts for me as a young rock fan. When I was 17 years old, I only had a few albums by certain artists. She’d sneak into my room and go over my collection. She saw that I only owned a few of Alice Cooper’s: Trash, Prince of Darkness, Billion Dollar Babies, and Greatest Hits. For Easter of 1990, she got me Alice’s Welcome to My Nightmare. Not knowing what to except from the Coop, it was pretty much instant love. I played that cassette a lot and grew to know its track sequence, which was completely different from CD. Later on I purchased the original CD release, but what Welcome To My Nightmare needed (and the rest of the Cooper catalogue needs) is a proper remaster with bonus tracks. Rhino took care of that in 2002. Now the album itself sounds so much better than the original CD. This sounds more like vinyl, the way it should, rich and deep. The liner notes, unfortunately, are somewhat crappy. They basically just explain to the youth of today why Alice Cooper is cooler than the bands they like. There’s not much about the genesis of the album, which is disappointing. This is, after all, the very first solo album by Vincent Furnier aka Alice Cooper. By 1975, the Alice Cooper band (Furnier, Michael Bruce, Dennis Dunaway, Neil Smith, and the late Glen Buxton) was no more. Never again would they share a stage or a recording studio, at least the original five. The four survivors did finally re-team for a couple songs on 2011’s sequel, Welcome 2 My Nightmare. Welcome To My Nightmare was a revelation to me when I received it, and it is still mind-blowing today. I think that is due to the production talents of Bob Ezrin. The man who later produced Destroyer and The Wall really came into his own on this album. His production is, for lack of any better words, jaw dropping. You can totally tell it’s him, if you know his style well enough: that creepy horror movie piano, all the orchestrations, sound effects, the kids singing. Those are trademarks. My favourite moment for the kids was in the song “Department of Youth”. Cooper and the kids sing in the fade-out: Together – “We’re the Department of Youth, ahh ahh, we got the power!” Alice – “Who got the power?” Kids – “We do!” Alice – “And who gave it to you?” Kids – “Donny Osmond!” Alice – “WHAT?” Loosely, this is a concept album about the kind of nightmares Alice would have. The result was a collection of remarkably timeless and classic songs: “Only Women Bleed”, “Black Widow”, and “Escape” for example. “Escape” is the most straightforward rocker on the album, and a joy it is. The rest is often more complex, arrangement-wise and lyrically. The title track is a fun rollercoaster ride with epic horns. Same with “Devil’s Food” and “The Black Widow” which work together as a creepy classic featuring Vincent Price. I would not want to live my life without these songs. Alice is nothing if not diverse, and then “Some Folks” sounds showtune-y. “Only Women Bleed” is the famous ballad, often misunderstood, but respected enough to be covered by artists such as Lita Ford, Tina Turner, and Etta James. “Department Of Youth” and “Cold Ethel” are more rock and roll, and why not? What better genre to sing about rebellion and necrophilia? It’s worth pointing out the guitar charms of Steve Hunter and the late Dick Wagner. These two incredible players, under the guidance of Ezrin, lent Welcome To My Nightmare the rock edge that it needed, lest it be swallowed up by the dramatic tendencies. Of course, Welcome To My Nightmare features the first-ever appearance of the character of Steven. “Years Ago” has Alice singing in this incredibly creepy little-kid voice, as Steven. Then the song “Steven” kicks in, and it’s even creepier, but very epic in scale. Alice is at his most effective here. Steven would pop up many times, such as on the next album Alice Cooper Goes To Hell, 1991’s Hey Stoopid, 1994’s Last Temptation, and the more recent Along Came A Spider. Whether it’s supposed to be the same guy, or just a character who shares the same name, I do not know. The bonus tracks are alternate versions of “Devil’s Food” (much extended), “Cold Ethyl”, and “The Awakening” with alternate lyrics and more Vincent Price! Not available on the Life and Crimes of Alice Cooper box set! These three tracks alone, to the Cooper collector, necessitate a re-buy. The improved sound probably would have hooked them in anyway. I could never say, “If you only buy one Alice Cooper album, buy this one.” The reason I can’t is that almost every album by the original Alice Cooper band was monumental, particularly School’s Out and Billion Dollar Babies. However, if you buy two or three Coops, please make one of them Welcome To My Nightmare, remastered! * There is also a DVD Audio of this album mixed in 5.1 by Bob Ezrin himself! Posted in Reviews and tagged Alice Cooper, bob ezrin, classic rock, concept album, dick wagner, heavy metal, horror, Only Women Bleed, rhino, steve hunter, The Black Widow, Vincent Price, welcome to my nightmare on July 1, 2015 by mikeladano. 44 Comments ← REVIEW: Poison – Poison’d! (2007 Walmart version with bonus track) HAPPY CANADA DAY! → I remember listening to his way back when because the guitarists he employed – Dick Wagner and Steve Hunter – were on Lou Reed’s Rock’n’Roll Animal, one of the best live albums in the rock arena. I don’t remember being disappointed! Thanks for the memory. That’s right! I had forgotten about Lou Reed, and then via Bob Ezrin they ended up playing with Alice Cooper and Kiss! Good write up but I sold my copy of this because it never grabbed me at all apart from Cold Ethyl. Didja have vinyl? Yup. I sold it and ‘From The Inside’, at the time I felt they were too cabaret and not rock enough for me. As I’m not a dumb 17 year old now I might hear them differently. I used to have the VHS of the show too. For the 1001 I’ll have to buy school’s out & Billion Dollar Babies – but taking your advice Mike, it sounds like this will round it out to 3! Please buy Killer. You’ll thank me later. Geoff, I agree with Scott. Killer is absolutely essential, and I might be in the minority here but I think it’s a stronger record than School’s Out. Oh Rich, that’s hard. On a par, I would say. School’s Out has no filler in my eyes and ears. I agree Rich, I’d put School’s Out below Killer and Billion Dollar Babies (assumes crash position!). I love School’s Out but I don’t consider it a top-to-bottom classic like a few other Alice albums. Glad I’m not the only one here who feels this way, even if we do get abused for it. e-tainment news reviews says: I really don’t think School’s Out is all that great, I actually think it’s overrated. I never understood the greatness of the title track and I really can’t think of one song on that album that I’d consider a true Coop classic. Killer has a few good numbers, but for the most, that is an underwhelming album to me. I think Billion Dollar Babies is the first brilliant Coop record. Muscle Of Love anyone? Wasn’t that record a huge disappointment as well? I find School’s Out to be a real winner. It comes off very much as a concept album, and lots of influences from musicals in there. I mean he did an entire song from West Side Story! But it has lots of songs I love, such as Public Animal #9 and Alma Mater. But it’s all taste, isn’t it? Thank you in advance HMO! I second his Killer recommendation, and second Geoff’s thanks, and second HMO’s welcoming. It is a killer album, pun intended. I put the song “Halo of Flies” on my Sausagefest list one year, and it made the countdown, and was very well received. …in your nightmares! Those are two brilliant albums Geoff. I think BDB in particular is a great starting point. I think four tracks from it were on Greatest Hits (1974). Totally love this album. An all-time favourite. I liked the reissue too, apart from the crappy liner notes. This is one album I just never seem to get tired of. I never liked Dept. of Youth all that much though but it’s still ok. If that’s the worse song on your album you must be doing something right, put it that way! Shite liners! Yes good point on Dept of Youth! Many bands would love to have a track of that stature. Whoa! Department Of Youth is a killer. One of the best songs on this album, I think. If I was a rock star I’d cover that one! Each to their own! But would your covers album be as good as Poison’s? Nah. That would be too hard… A stellar review (naturally) of a monumental album. As you may remember from my series on the Alice Cooper discography, this was my introduction to Alice when I was 9 years old. For a long time it was the only album I knew (and it would be years before I learned that Alice Cooper used to be an amazing band before Vince went solo) and it was a great one to start out with, even though there are numerous other Alice albums that are equally essential. I’m glad you pointed your readers to the expanded remaster. I had it on LP growing up and later the original CD pressing, but Rhino’s version is the definitive one for me. Much appreciated Rich! I’m glad to see so much love for this LP/CD. I’m sure you would agree that the Cooper back catalogue deserves a worthy reissue program. The Billion Dollar Babies deluxe was a brilliant release, and ahead of its time considering now everybody is putting out 2 CD sets. Now we need Love It to Death, Killer and School’s Out done the same way. A 5/5 from Lebrain! You know, when this first popped up I thought hey! I have this record! But my iTunes says no, and going through my shelves says no… Then I realized it’s all on the Alice boxed set you made for me! Cool beans. Now that this is here, I’m gonna go back and re-listen to those tracks from the set and read-along as I do! I think in your review you said you didn’t care for the Steven stuff. To me, that’s one of the coolest moments. It’s haunting and bizarre. I get what he was doing with the Steven stuff, it is dark and creepy… it’s just not what I’d wanna hear all the time. Great story and a great Review Mike! I think I need to get this one due to your review….I know shame shame shame…..but my Intro to Coop was Constictor on…..gotta go back in time….. Mike, I hope you don’t mind me linking my post about this album and the few that followed. It might provide additional incentive for others to check out these records. Also, you get to hear me as a 10-year-old singing an a capella version of “Welcome To My Nightmare.” Thanks. https://kamertunesblog.wordpress.com/2013/05/08/alice-cooper-part-3-nightmares-hell-and-a-shot-of-whiskey/ Rich I strongly encourage all Cooper fans and curious reads to check out your whole series! I enjoyed it thoroughly. This is an official LeBrain endorsement! Much appreciated, Mike…by my 10-year-old self and the current 49-year-old version. In fact I suggest that J head your way now to see if there might be some Cooper nooks and crannies that he might be interested in! Thanks. The Coop catalog is filled with delightful nooks & crannies, all the way through his most recent release. Great review, Mike. I never bothered much with Alice Cooper until a friend threw a few things my way. Not great, but I was a bit more interested. I’m gonna have to investigate the albums you guys recommend. Starting with this one. The thing about Cooper is — he has a few near-flawless records like this. But he also has a larger body of work including a lot of stranger records that have a cult following. I’d be curious which Cooper you heard! Then I might know what you should check out. As well as a best of, I have Along Came A Spider and Hey Stoopid. Alice Cooper was one of the few artists my first wife and I had a shared liking for and it was this album we played the most along with “From the Inside,” a very very underrated album. From The Inside is Coop’s best album. Every song on that record is awesome, not a weak second. I would not debate you at all on that. I personally would rate it 3/5. I find it a bit soft. This album is a masterpiece. Until this one, his (their) records has been somewhat uneven, I think. Pretties For You and Easy Action were pure crap. The records always had some fantastic tunes but also some really bad ones, but this album is brilliant from start to finish. Billion Dollar Babies was also damn fantastic. Great review, Mike. Really spot on. I have to admit I don’t like the first two Alice. I can hear that there is genius on them, but sparingly. They’re just not that awesome. For me, Alice was damn near flawless from Love It to Death, to Billion Dollar Babies. nicksalbumreviews says: This is an excellent review, Sir! I only know Alice Cooper through my Dad. When he was a young teenager – just before he moved out, found my Mum, got married – he bought “Killer”. He would play it constantly to annoy his Mum, playing “Dead Babies” loudly. She would come in, throw the door, and yell at my Dad to “turn the racket off”. Years later, he would pass ‘Killers’ onto me, and I love it. As per your review, I’m going to dig deeper into Alice Cooper. I only know “Poison”, which is also a good song. Leave a Reply to mikeladano Cancel reply @TheBlueGem3 I grew up shooting guns in rural Ontario. I still love doing that... but these guys take it to an abs… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 2 hours ago Just Listening to…all the Rush mikeladano.com/2020/01/21/jus… https://t.co/MjMfdtD27G 10 hours ago	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line948
__label__wiki	0.81053	0.81053	Cinemas gained new young audiences who wanted films made for them. Andrzej Wajda's quotes At the same time, television theatre became more visibly active. Also a great part of Polish industry proved to have existed only to support the Soviet military industry, and it became superfluous and incapable of being transformed into anything else. We did not foresee that or the magnitude of these phenomena. It turned out that the country was helpless in the face of a new reality. Why does there exist a global American entertainment industry, but there isn't an equivalent coming from France or Italy? This is the case simply because the English language opens the whole world to the American cinema. There is no filmmaking legislation because distributors are not interested in sharing their money with the film industry - for instance, by giving a percentage of ticket sales back to filmmakers. In the first years after 1989, films were partly financed from the state's budget as well as by public television. Still, except for a few special cases, most films are made this way. As I said earlier, there are no writers who could create a literary vision of the new reality. However, that old mode of Polish filmmaking virtually disappeared. On the one hand, young theatre directors were coming to television theatre, because they wanted to get closer to the cinema, despite having studied and worked for the theatre. In the same period, Polish literature also underwent some significant changes. From social-political literature, which had a great tradition and strong motivation to be that way, Polish literature changed its focus to a psychological rather than a social one. It was progressively more difficult to find work in the theatre, as well. Previously the same Polish audiences would have been pressured into seeing cinema made for adults, films made by us about those spheres of life that were significant for us and which should be significant for our society. Nevertheless, in the theatre, and in the cinema, the contemporary reality of Poland has been represented only to a minuscule degree in the last 12 years. Television theatre, as is implied in its name, should rely on adaptations of scripts written for the theatre. Films made in the spirit of the past continued to be made. When a film is created, it is created in a language, which is not only about words, but also the way that very language encodes our perception of the world, our understanding of it. Eventually, the state's funding covered only the stages leading to presenting a film project to potential funding bodies. It was enough to produce a script, indicate casting and put together a budget to present it all, but nothing beyond that. In the forty years of the people's republic, some of the worst historical traits were preserved in our people. These included even the common characteristics developed in the economic reality of the time of partitions in the 17th and 18th centuries. A novelty in Polish filmmaking was that it was possible to find funds for a big production. However, at the same time, the state budget committed less and less money to filmmaking. We expected that people were just waiting for the collapse of the Soviet Union, or at least for its retreat, and they were going to be full of initiative in all areas of life - in culture, in economy and in politics. With it adult political audiences abandoned cinemas. In their place appeared a void. That previous political audience migrated to the seats in front of their TV. In the first years after the systemic transition, our screens showed American entertainment that had not been available before, or had been available only sporadically. Language also encodes our past. We want to know who we are. To know who we are, we have to know who we used to be. Consequently, our literature, written in the past, anchors us in that past. One might have thought that the most significant change in the film industry that would come about with a transition from the communist economy to capitalism would fundamentally concern the sources of funding. On the one hand, we had great filmic spectacles that brought in big audiences, adults as well as primary and secondary school students. On the other hand, there were attempts to create contemporary Polish film. Suddenly, the screens were dominated by American entertainment to the extent of something like 95 percent. As a result, audiences turned away from the kinds of films that we used to make. The difficulty with the present state of affairs is that there is no legislation on the sources of funding for the Polish film industry. There is no legislation concerning filmmaking. And, there is no legislation on television that would be beneficial to filmmaking. The difficulty of writing a good theatre play set in new reality was even greater given that the level of similitude to life that is allowed in a film would not work on the stage. In Europe, there is no television filmmaking legislation that could assist film production because private broadcasters are not interested in supporting Polish film. Even better, there were established two separate committees deciding on state film funding. We're making a commercial Hindi film catering to all types of audiences. I wonder if that's hurt me at the box office. Maybe audiences these days want to know exactly what to expect when they go into a movie, and my movies are hard to explain in just one way. Audiences always sound like they're glad to see me, and I'm damned glad to see them. What I wanted to do was to get that sense of being in touch with this lost world while holding onto what draws readers and audiences there in the first place. We make films that we ourselves would want to see and then hope that other people would want to see it. If you try to analyze audiences or think there's some sophisticated recipe for success, then I think you are doomed. You're making it too complicated. Sylvester has a great popular sense, as good as any writer I've ever worked with. He knows what audiences want to see, and what they don't want to see. Phish and Dave Matthews really know their audiences and really treat them well. We were tremendously encouraged by the testing of Analyze That. Audiences loved it. They were telling us that they liked it as much as the original. We recorded the laughs in the theater. Anyway, I collapsed in France in the middle of a tour. I hadn't been eating properly, I was getting very phobic about audiences, and I collapsed in pure fright. Though I am still very vulnerable to audiences - and it happens all the time - where for some reason the energy doesn't connect and, since the film is very personal, obviously I am made to feel very vulnerable by that. I don't pay attention to target audiences and therefore I often hear that I am a ratings killer, somebody who fundamentally doesn't care whether one person is watching or an entire soccer stadium. I want to do what I want when I want to do it not be dictated to by audiences. I also want to return to doing stand-up. I've become frightened of live audiences. This is a really telling sign that I need to go back on the comedy circuit again. Johnny Vegas For me to go back and to play for audiences some of whom have been following me for thirty years and some who have found me in the last five or six years, that's really an interesting thing. I have an audience that goes from kids to seventy year olds. When audiences come to see us authors lecture, it is largely in the hope that we'll be funnier to look at than to read. Sinclair Lewis I like cinema audiences. I respect them, and I talk to them just like I would anybody I know. Roland Joffe The difference between critics and audiences is that one is a group of humans and one is not.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line949
__label__wiki	0.89362	0.89362	Right to remain silent? Using it in traffic stop just got NJ woman $30K TRENTON — A lawyer who alleged she was threatened with arrest for not answering a State Police officer's questions during a traffic stop has agreed to a $30,000 settlement in a federal lawsuit. Philadelphia attorney Rebecca Musarra claimed her basic right to remain silent was violated during the Oct.16, 2016 traffic stop on Route 519 in Warren County near the Pennsylvania border. According to the terms of the settlement, first reported by government transparency adocate John Paff of the website NJ Civil Settlements, Musarra's case has been dismissed and the settlement does not represent an admission of guilt by State Police. Right to remain silent? Woman says that got her arrested by NJ trooper In dash cam video of the stop, Musarra is seen being asked several times by one of the officers if she knew why she was stopped. “Do you not talk?” the trooper asks her. When she doesn’t respond, another officer uses a flashlight to knock on the driver’s window and warns that she would be arrested if she didn’t respond. After some back-and-forth, during which Musarra says her father is a former county prosecutor and during which she refuses to let go of her cell phone, she is told to get out of the car and is handcuffed. “Are you detaining me because I refused to speak?” Musarra asks. “Yeah,” the officer says, as he leads her to a patrol car. “Obstruction.” The officer says “it didn’t have to go this way,” to which she replies “if only I didn’t exercise my rights.” According to the American Civil Liberties Union, the right to remain silent dates back to two landmark Supreme Court decisions in Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) — the namesake of the “Miranda rights” of which police are required to inform suspects. Those rights, based on the Fifth Amendment right against incriminating oneself, and include the rights to remain silent and to access an attorney. Musarra’s suit said she was handcuffed to a bench while the supervisor reviewed the dashcam. She was ultimately released and told a “mistake had been made,” which the supervisor chalked up to a rookie officer’s training. Contact reporter Dan Alexander at Dan.Alexander@townsquaremedia.com More from New Jersey 101.5	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line955
__label__wiki	0.926728	0.926728	VGK vs. BOS 7:00 PM 1/21 Bruins Old and New Step Up in Win Against Phoenix Coyotes by douglas-flynn on Sun, Oct 10, 2010 at 10:45PM It was a day for the newcomers to shine. New Bruin Nathan Horton flashed more of the skill that could make him the answer Boston has long sought for its scoring woes as he added another goal and an assist. And rookie Tyler Seguin scored his first career goal as he finished off a breakaway with a sweet backhander. But there was also an old familiar face back in the spotlight, as Tim Thomas earned the shutout in goal in his first start of the season as Boston picked up the split in Prague with a 3-0 win over Phoenix on Sunday. Just a year removed from his Vezina-winning campaign, Thomas had been relegated to afterthought status by many and an outright liability by some because of his hefty contract and Tuukka Rask's emergence last season. But Thomas showed he's still capable of coming up with a big effort when needed. The Bruins played much better in front of him than they did in front of Rask in Saturday's 5-2 loss, but Thomas still came up with some big stops, making 29 saves in all for his 18th career shutout. "You saw a lot of the Timmy that we were used to seeing," said Bruins coach Claude Julien. "He battled so hard and even when he was acrobatic it's something we're used to seeing with him. When he's like that he's usually at his best. I thought he had a real solid game and I couldn't be happier. I'm sure Tuukka is standing there wishing he had the same team in front of him as Timmy had tonight, because our guys played well. But [Thomas] still has to come up with some big saves to keep us in there." It was an important game for the Bruins to avoid starting the season a very sour note if they had been swept by the Coyotes in Europe. "I'm not sure I would have been happy with this trip had we not won a game," said Julien. "It would have been a real disappointment because we came here with a purpose in mind. Although we wanted to enjoy the experience that was given to us, we also felt that these games were really important for us, especially to get off to a good start. The last thing you want to do is go home down 0-2 to start the season. So this meant a lot to us and definitely coming back at .500 is a lot better than the other scenario." It was also an important game for Thomas personally, as he tries to bounce back from last year's struggles and offseason hip surgery while working with Rask to figure out the way to balance out their workloads to the optimal benefit of the club. "Physically, I'm feeling so much better it's incredible," said Thomas. "My hip does get sore some after practices and games, but during the games, while you're moving … I had so much more movement I feel like a new man. "As far as the tandem thing goes, Boston has had some great tandems in our history," added Thomas. "Hopefully me and Tuukka can be another one of those. There's plenty of games for both of us. With the way the game is nowadays each game, I believe, is more physically demanding than it used to be, so there's room for two goalies to get their playing time and help the team out." There's also room for more than one scorer, though Horton seems to enjoy hogging the goal light. After scoring both of Boston's goals on Saturday, he added another goal and an assist on Sunday. "That's something we've been looking for, having guys that can produce on a consistent basis," said Julien. "Horton so far hasn't disappointed us." He did get a little help in this one, as linemate Milan Lucic added a goal and Seguin scored his first off a great outlet pass by Michael Ryder. David Krejci also picked up a pair of assists playing in his home country, while Mark Recchi and Thomas each picked up single helpers. "I really wanted to win so bad, because I didn't ever think I was going to get a chance to play [an] NHL [game] in front of my whole country," said Krejci, the lone Czech Republic native on the Bruins roster. "So it meant a lot to me." The game also marked the debut of rookie Jordan Caron, who played his first game after sitting out on Saturday. He had a pair of shots in 9:42 of ice-time. Overall, the Bruins put 37 shots on goal, and only a strong effort by Phoenix goalie Ilya Bryzgalov kept it from becoming a complete rout. Boston didn't make any personnel changes on the blue line, but the Bruins played like they had an entirely different defense from Saturday. Dennis Seidenberg and the struggling Matt Hunwick were split up, and both fared better with new partners as Seidenberg skated with Mark Stuart and Hunwick joined Andrew Ference. Stuart may have had the strongest night of the Boston blueliners, earning second-star honors with three blocked shots and two hits in 17:04. "Yesterday we made some unforced errors that we wanted to clean up," said Thomas. "That's not typical. That's not the way we want to play. And tonight we did a better job of that and put an overall, whole game together — offensively, defensively, better discipline as far as penalties go. We did just about everything better than we did yesterday. "We knew that to make this a successful trip to Europe, we've had such a great time and everything, but if we didn't at least win this [game] we would have failed on the trip," added Thomas. "We came out determined. Determined to get the puck on net and start getting some goals and just determined to come out with the two points."	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line960
__label__wiki	0.627549	0.627549	Mr. Robert Miller, FAIA Robert L. Miller Associates FAIA Robert L Miller, FAIA A practicing architect, writer, and marketing communications consultant, Bob Miller combines professional backgrounds in architecture, urban design, public relations, professional services marketing, criticism and feature writing as head of Robert L. Miller Associates, now in its 35th year. The firm's national and international clients have included AECOM, The Aga Khan Award, The American Institute of Architects, Davis Buckley Architects and Planners, EDAW Inc., The Ehrenkrantz Group, Ellerbe, The Hillier Group, HNTB, Perkins Eastman, The National Institute of Building Sciences, David M. Schwartz Architects, Skidmore Owings & Merrill, Torti Gallas, Venturi Scott Brown Associates, and Michael Vergason Landscape Architects, among others. The firm's work has been recognized by the Society for Marketing Professional Services, the American Society of Landscape Architects, and the Urban Land Institute. Bob Miller is a member of the Washington, D.C. Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, and was a founding board member of the Washington Architectural Foundation. An honors graduate of the Yale School of Architecture, he also holds a Yale B.A. degree. New Haven, Connecticut, United States M.Arch., 1971 Dissertation: Yale residential colleges Advisor: Herbert S. Newman, FAIA B.A., 1967 John Carl Warnecke Associates Hill and Knowlton, Inc. account executive, public relations November 1978 - October 1984 Arthur Cotton Moore/Associates associate/project architect February 1976 - November 1978 Agency Consulting / Review / Approval Landscape Design / Documentation Marketing Studies Project Promotion / Public Relations Urban Design Services National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Washington Architectural Foundation, District Architecture Center architectural history, architectural and design journalism, community outreach and education, travel	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line963
__label__wiki	0.762414	0.762414	Nora Barrows-Friedman Journalist, editor, author of In Our Power: U.S. Students Organize for Justice in Palestine REVIEW: Documenting the campus struggle for Palestine March 31, 2015 / norabf / Leave a comment Bill Mullen wrote a lovely review of my book for Socialist Worker. Documenting the campus struggle for Palestine Bill Mullen reviews a book that chronicles the campus movement against apartheid. Students for Justice in Palestine on the march in New York City NORA BARROWS-Friedman’s In Our Power: U.S. Students Organize for Justice in Palestine is a masterpiece of social movement journalism. In the tradition of Howard Zinn’s SNCC: The New Abolitionists and Staughton and Alice Lynd’s Rank and File, Barrows-Friedman presents a riveting “from below” oral history of a grassroots campaign for social justice. In Barrows-Friedman’s case, the historical actors are students in the Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) movement that, since the start of the Boycott, Divest, Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israel in 2005, has become the vanguard in a global fight against Israeli apartheid. Her dynamic book might as well be subtitled “10 years that shook the world.” Barrows-Friedman is a staff editor and reporter for Electronic Intifada. Between 2004 and 2011, she traveled regularly to Palestine as a reporter for Pacifica Network radio. As she explains in her preface, it was the rising tide of student solidarity organizing against Israeli apartheid that compelled her to write a book in which “Palestinian-American students speak for themselves about their experiences as organizers and human rights defenders.” From April 2013 to January 2014, Barrows-Friedman crisscrossed the U.S, conducting 63 interviews with student representatives from 30 different Universities and private colleges in 22 cities across 11 states. The resulting book juxtaposes transcripted interviews with SJP activists with political reportage of key episodes from what Barrows-Friedman calls the campus “battleground” over Israel. Nora Barrows-Friedman, In Our Power: U.S. Students Organize for Justice in Palestine, Just World Books, 2014, 274 pages, $21. These include successful divestment votes at University of California campuses; walkouts by students at the University of Kentucky in protest of a speech by then-Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert; students battles with pro-Zionist Anti-Defamation League forces at Harvard; and the formation in 2010 of the National Students for Justice network at a Columbia University conference. THE STUDENT interviews give a composite portrait of what has been called “Generation Palestine.” These are activists who have grown to political consciousness in a post-9/11, post-Intifada age of intertwined Islamophobia and U.S. imperialism, one of whose cornerstones is support for Israel’s occupation. DePaul University SJP activist Shirien Darma says her activist turn began by seeing television images of the Second Intifada; UCLA SJP activist Rahim Kurwa recalls connecting his campus organizing work around fair trade to a course in Middle East history where a professor opened up discussion of Israel and Palestine; Stanford student Kristian Davis Bailey says he was radicalized into Palestinian activism while researching a story for the school newspaper about Stanford alumnus Fadi Quran, who was arrested and pepper-sprayed during a West Bank protest; UC Berkeley SJP activist Yaman Salahi recalls Operation Cast Lead, Israel’s murderous late 2008 invasion of Gaza resulting in more than 1,500 deaths, as a critical moment in jumpstarting campus activism. The achievement and resilience of SJP students in the face of often brutal repression from both campus administrations and Zionist forces on and off campus provides a dramatic baseline to Barrow-Friedman’s story. Students from SJP chapters at Northeastern University, Florida Atlantic University, Harvard and San Diego State University recount personal, physical and administrative challenges to their activism, including threats of expulsion, arrest and physical attack. Arguably, the University of California system, where seven of 10 campuses have now voted to divest, has seen the sharpest of these struggles. In 2011, for example, Zionist students filed a lawsuit against the University of California-Berkeley saying the campus had failed to protect Jewish students from a “hostile atmosphere” created by Palestinian activists. In the same year, 10 University of California Irvine students were convicted of the misdemeanor crime of “disrupting a public meeting” after a non-violent protest against the 2010 appearance on campus of Israel ambassador to the U.S. Michael Oren. The students challenged Oren’s justification of the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians during Operation Cast Lead, calmly stating from their floor positions things like, “You, sir, are an accomplice to genocide.” In an important chapter titled “Intersecting Struggles and Common Causes,” Barrows-Friedman shows how SJP organizers have teamed up with immigrant rights activists in Arizona, LGBT activists to protest Israeli “pinkwashing,” and anti-racist activists radicalized by protests against police shootings and the Trayvon Martin killing. Her book shows the seedlings of what became the Ferguson to Gaza protests after Mike Brown’s killing in the summer of 2014. Barrows-Friedman also shows how activists like Shafedka Hashash at New York University have tied BDS activism both to workers’ rights and disability rights struggles on campus. This brand of activism culminated in the important December, 2014, divestment vote by United Auto Workers Local 2865, representing more than 10,000 University of California graduate student employees. Barrows-Friedman’s book is both a living chronicle and a handbook of one of the most explosive civil rights movements of our times. Since its publication just a few short months ago, new divestment resolutions have passed at college campuses in London, Ontario, Canada and across the U.S. As I write this review, student activists at Loyola University in Chicago are celebrating passage of their own divestment resolution. SJP and Palestinian solidarity activists everywhere should buy and read this book, then write the next chapter for themselves. I’ll be in Tucson (Univ of Arizona) Feb 27! February 21, 2015 February 21, 2015 / norabf / Leave a comment Please join me on Friday, Feb 27 in Tucson, AZ as I talk about my book and the impressive student movement for justice in Palestine. Event page here. Join Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace at the University of Arizona for what promises to be an inspirational lecture on student activism by visiting author and journalist Nora Barrows-Friedman. An award-winning journalist and associate editor at Electronic Intifada, Nora will be speaking about her new book on pro-Palestinian student activism in the United States. “In Our Power: Students Organize for Justice in Palestine” captures the voices of those involved in Palestine solidarity work across college campuses in the US. Nora spent months interviewing students and young people and her commitment to focus on their own voices and calls for justice shines through in her book. “In Our Power” documents a fast-growing and historic movement dear and valuable to us all. The event will be held in the Tubac room, located on the fourth floor of the Student Union at the University of Arizona. Interview about my book in Truthout! October 27, 2014 / norabf / Leave a comment Charlotte Silver, a great Bay Area-based reporter and my colleague at The Electronic Intifada, interviewed me about In Our Power for Truthout. The book is out on November 4! An excerpt of the interview: The book is charged with the feeling of momentum the students have generated. And, as it chronicles a campaign that is still unfolding, In Our Power is really the opening chapter in an unfinished story. Filled with engaging anecdotes and tales of hard lessons learned in campus organizing, the book compels readers to think about an expanding space of activism on college campuses that is being opened up by committed students who see the fight for justice in Palestine as intrinsically linked to the greater fight for justice in the United States. I met with Barrows-Friedman in her Oakland home just weeks before her book is scheduled to hit shelves across the country. We talked about what makes this movement sustainable, why it’s growing in the face of an amply funded opposition, and how the BDS strategy is a game changer. Charlotte Silver: Your book is based on the premise and expectation that the Palestine solidarity movement on US campuses is growing. What do you think is the seed of that growth? Nora Barrows-Friedman: It’s definitely a movement that’s growing, and it didn’t come out of a vacuum. There’s been over a century of Palestinian organizing in this country – which I was surprised to learn about, actually, though it also wasn’t shocking given the level of oppression and repression that Palestinians have faced since the Balfour Declaration (1917) and even before. But since the second intifada, students in the US really ramped up their organizing because of the level of outright atrocity and barbarity Israel has meted out against Palestinians: Settlements have expanded; Gaza was cut off from the world and Israel has expanded its routine attacks on Palestinians. And then after Operation Cast Lead in 2008-2009, the enormity of violence that was seen and felt and heard by students struggling for Palestinian rights really galvanized the movement even more. I finished the book literally two weeks before the three Israeli youth were murdered in the West Bank, which set off a vicious series of events and ultimately resulted in Israel’s seven-week attack on Gaza. Now there has been a new galvanization of this movement. Students are coming back to school and asking what can we do to ramp up this movement. A lot of people don’t know that Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) is a relatively new superstructure for all of these dispersed groups to organize themselves under and learn within. Tell me about how it formed and has grown over the past several years, and what they are doing differently from past Palestinian activism in the US, which, as you discuss in the book, has a long history. SJP is relatively new. And the beginning was really at UC Berkeley, where the first student solidarity conference happened in 2002. The students at UC Berkeley were spearheading this – though I don’t think they knew it was going to be this massive superstructure, like you said. SJP has since grown into this national organization; there are over 150 different chapters. Dozens were just added in the last couple of months since the school year started because people are outraged about what happened this summer. The national organizing committee is not a hierarchical structure, and they’re learning every day how to grow the organization and how to be allies and mentors to new SJP members and chapters. It’s all grassroots: No one gets paid for what they do. These are all undergraduate and graduate students who are spending most of their time trying to get through school and in their spare time they’re working on this. In Our Power: Out November 4th! September 26, 2014 / norabf / Leave a comment My book, In Our Power: US Students Organize for Justice in Palestine, will be published on November 4. Get your pre-ordered copy here! And the official book launch celebration will be on November 6, at La Pena Cultural Center in Berkeley, CA. More info here. Then, I will be embarking on a national tour — let me know if your SJP chapter, community activism group, faith organization or local library would like to host me! Get in touch with me on the “About” page here on this website. 🙂 See you all out on tour! Documents reveal Zionist group spied on US student delegation to Palestine February 6, 2014 September 26, 2014 / norabf / Leave a comment A major investigative news piece by myself and my colleague, Asa Winstanley. Published January 29, 2014, on EI. Anti-Palestinian groups are escalating their repression tactics against student activists, including expanded surveillance. (Jennifer Moo / Flickr) A right-wing Zionist group in California infiltrated a student trip to Palestine in 2012, a raft of secret documents obtained by The Electronic Intifada shows. The documents confirm long-held activist suspicions that anti-Palestinian political groups are spying on student activists. The files give a rare insight into the murky world of pro-Israel groups’ surveillance of students and other activists in campuses across the United States. Pro-Israel student Prescott Watson spied on delegation members and organizers of the Olive Tree Initiative (OTI), a “conflict analysis” project of the University of California, and reported back to the Santa Cruz-based Amcha Initiative. Amcha is a stridently anti-Palestinian group behind a number of initiatives to silence and intimidate students and teachers perceived to be critical of Israel. OTI includes Palestinian Americans as members and “promotes a relatively unified, positive message about Palestinians,” Amcha’s 29-page report “from a student participant” warned. Speaking to The Electronic Intifada from Jerusalem, where he now lives, Watson admitted that “I know the report very well.” At first, Watson denied writing it, claiming it was the work of Amcha leader Tammi Rossman-Benjamin (who is a teacher, not a student) — adding that it was “more than just her” work. In a second interview later that day, after he said he had been in contact with Rossman-Benjamin, Watson stated instead that “I don’t wish to make a comment on whether or not I wrote the report.” The report, which The Electronic Intifada is publishing today, detailed the nature of the delegation along with information on student members who were identified as sympathetic to Palestinian rights. A lecturer in Hebrew employed by the University of California at Santa Cruz, Rossman-Benjamin is a notorious anti-Palestinian and anti-Muslim activist with a history of harassment, intimidation and litigious threats against students and faculty. The report indicates that Watson was tasked with building a case against the Olive Tree Initiative and individual students as part of the growing fight by Zionist groups against the boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) movement and Palestine solidarity activism on campuses. Though students involved with the Olive Tree Initiative expressed suspicions to the group’s leadership about Watson, they say their concerns weren’t taken seriously. Children burned with cigarettes by Israeli soldiers in illegal settlement January 18, 2014 / norabf / Leave a comment (from my blog on EI) Israeli soldiers “conduct traumatic arrests of Palestinian children, often involving violence and humiliation,” says a rights group. (Sliman Khader / APA images) Three Palestinian children were allegedly burned with lit cigarettes and denied access to food, water or toilet facilities after being arrested and detained by Israeli soldiers and police in September, a new report indicates. In separate incidents, the three children were allegedly assaulted and abused during arrest and transfer to the Ariel police station, which is located inside the illegal Ariel settlement colony in the occupied West Bank. Defence for Children International-Palestine section (DCI-Palestine) says that: … Israeli soldiers severely and repeatedly beat Ali S, 14, from Azzun, Hendi S, 17, from Salfit, and Mohammad A, 15, from Tulkarem after arresting them. One soldier extinguished a cigarette butt on Ali’s lip while another burned Hendi’s arm with a cigarette, according to the sworn testimonies of the two teenagers. Hendi and Mohammad were denied access to food, water and toilet facilities for a long period. All three of them were accused of stone throwing. DCI-Palestine adds that it submitted ten separate complaints in 2013 over alleged abuse and “torture of Palestinian children by Israeli soldiers and police,” but that in eight of the cases, “Israeli authorities failed to notify DCI-Palestine whether they had opened an investigation. The remaining two cases resulted in the military advocate-general’s decision to close the investigation due to insufficient evidence. Israeli authorities deem the refusal of victims to testify without the presence of a lawyer as insufficient evidence.” The group cites statistics by Yesh Din, an Israeli human rights organization, which reports that only five percent of complaints submitted to the Military Police Criminal Investigations Division have led to an indictment. “Traumatic arrests” In their press release, DCI-Palestine adds: “Israeli soldiers conduct traumatic arrests of Palestinian children, often involving violence and humiliation, to prime them to quickly confess during interrogation,” said Iyad Misk, a lawyer at DCI-Palestine. “Burning children with cigarette butts raises particular alarm that demands a prompt, transparent and impartial investigation by the Military Police Criminal Investigations Division where the abusers are held accountable.” Israeli authorities unconditionally released Hendi and sentenced Mohammad to time served during pretrial detention. Ali remains in Israeli custody. This marks the second time Hendi endures ill treatment this year. In late February [2013], DCI-Palestine submitted a complaint to the Police Internal Investigations Department over the abuse Hendi suffered during interrogation at Ariel police station in February. Just last month, it was revealed that Israeli soldiers put Palestinian prisoners — including children — in outdoor cages during a brutal winter storm. And a week ago, Israeli soldiers were caught on video kidnapping and beating Palestinian youths near the Israeli wall in occupied East Jerusalem. Human Rights Watch recently reported that at least twice in 2013, Israeli occupation forces ambushed, shot and killed Palestinian children near schools in the West Bank for no apparent reason. Defence for Children International-Palestine section says that there was an average of 203 children in Israeli detention during 2013, an average of 33 of whom were between 12 and 15 years old. “The most common charge is for throwing stones,” DCI-Palestine adds. “Currently 51.4 percent of Palestinian child prisoners are detained inside Israel in violation of Article 76 of the Fourth Geneva Convention.” Nora Barrows-Friedman is a journalist and associate editor at The Electronic Intifada, and the author of In Our Power: U.S. Students Organize for Justice in Palestine. Follow me on Twitter: @norabf From my blog on The Electronic Intifada How did the Israel boycott campaign grow in 2019? December 30, 2019 Podcast Ep 13: Hold onto hope for 2020 December 24, 2019 York students demand ban on violent JDL December 20, 2019 Trump appeases Israel lobby with executive order December 11, 2019 Podcast Ep 12: Gaza Fights for Freedom November 28, 2019 Jerusalem Post admits it has no evidence for shocking anti-Semitism claim November 28, 2019 JDL Canada thugs attack York students then cry "anti-Semitism" November 26, 2019 Calgary rejects Israel lobby's biased anti-Semitism definition November 20, 2019 Podcast Ep 11: Israeli jailers break Palestinian's ribs November 15, 2019 Moroccan filmmaker boycotts Tel Aviv festival November 5, 2019 Amcha BDS children Israel Olive Tree Initiative student activism UC santa Cruz University of California How did the Israel boycott campaign grow in 2019? Podcast Ep 13: Hold onto hope for 2020 York students demand ban on violent JDL Trump appeases Israel lobby with executive order Podcast Ep 12: Gaza Fights for Freedom Jerusalem Post admits it has no evidence for shocking anti-Semitism claim JDL Canada thugs attack York students then cry "anti-Semitism" Calgary rejects Israel lobby's biased anti-Semitism definition Podcast Ep 11: Israeli jailers break Palestinian's ribs Moroccan filmmaker boycotts Tel Aviv festival	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line966
__label__wiki	0.514292	0.514292	Ghostly supernatural horror and Scandinavia’s biggest exploitation star are the key ingredients in Black Circle, a Swedish-Mexican film which goes retro in more than one way. It hits Swedish cinemas today. Black Circle (original title: Svart cirkel) is a story about two sisters and a mysterious vinyl record from the 1970s. When Celeste’s sister Isa… August 23, 2019 in Horror, Sweden, Upcoming. The producers of Valdemar brings you their latest film The Nest, which you can watch for free right here, right now. No ketchup or red paint was harmed in the making of this shlockbuster! The 26 minute amateur short film was shot over only two days on a budget of about 1000 SEK (110 euros)… June 27, 2019 in Horror, Sweden. The semi-Norwegian horror feature Polaroid will be released on home video for the first time on May 17th. It’s origins are Norwegian and in spite of a troubled release, the director went on to bigger projects. In 2015, Lars Klevberg directed the 15 minute Norwegian film Polaroid, in which two young girls, both social media… May 9, 2019 in Horror, Norway, Upcoming. Play with the Zombiejäger Very few Swedish cult films, if any at all, have been transformed into games, let alone physical board games. What may be a first is the Die Zombiejäger game, based on the 2005 low budget zombie film of the same name. Possibly Sweden’s first zombie movie, Die Zombiejäger (2005) shows us what could happen if Gothenburg was… May 4, 2019 in Horror, Other news, Sweden. Watch Mystery Box now From the creators of Wither and Puppet Master: The Littlest Reich comes Myster Box, a horror short that you now can watch for free on Youtube. Having made the rounds on various film festivals last year, Mystery Box was released for free viewing on April 10th by way of the production company, Stockholm Syndrome Film.… April 11, 2019 in Horror, Sweden. Last year’s Swedish monsters-on-the-loose feature film Operation Ragnarok hits DVD in about two weeks. Formerly known as Zone 261, Fredrik Hiller’s Operation Ragnarok (Swedish title: Operation Ragnarök) was met with mostly bad reviews when it was released in theatres a few months ago, but was predicted by many reviewers to have cult potential and will… March 8, 2019 in Horror, Sweden. Watch Island of Lucifer online Was there a real Satan cult on the Danish island Anholt? Find out in the dockumentary/mockumentary The Island Of Lucifer which can be watched online from Vimeo now. Did you fail to get the limited edition DVD of The Island Of Lucifer (original title: Satankulten på Anholt)? Fear not, or rather, have fear when you… March 3, 2019 in Denmark, Horror. Watch Valdemar for free In addition to professional, theatrically released features and independent low budget films, Scandinavia has its fair share of zero-budget amateur films. One of them is Valdemar, the Viking-influenced horror short you are welcome watch right here, right now. Valdemar is the 37-minute Swedish horror short released in 2017 and directed by Krister Twizz Forsberg, Erik Hansson… December 11, 2018 in Horror, Sweden. Operation Ragnarok preview A submarine born virus, a quarantined city and infected monsters are the key ingredients of Operation Ragnarok, which opened yesterday in Swedish cinemas, after an exceptionally long production period. Formerly known as Zone 261, writer-director Fredrik Hiller’s Operation Ragnarok (original title: Operation Ragnarök) will be the last Swedish horror/fantasy film to premiere in 2018, which… December 9, 2018 in Horror, Sweden. Finale preview 2 Today is launch day for the new Danish feature film Finale, that was to be Denmark’s first theatrical torture porn film. Based on the award winning book by Steen Langstrup. We first reported on the film in 2015 when it was scheduled to open in theatres in October 2016, but it’s not until today that the… November 25, 2018 in Denmark, Horror, Upcoming. Recent and upcoming DVD releases Halloween and the weeks leading up to Christmas is the right time for genre movies to be released on home video. People are in the mood for horror, the nights are getting darker and if you’re the cool uncle you need to place scary films under the Christmas tree. This autumn several Scandinavian films arrive… October 23, 2018 in Fantasy, Horror, Norway, Sweden. Watch Insane for free The Swedish direct-to-video slasher Insane was released on DVD on October 31, 2010 – Halloween night – but is currently being distributed on Youtube, and is free to watch for anyone. What is quite amazing for a Swedish horror film is it’s viewing numbers! In the 1990s, director Anders Jacobsson made one of the most culty of… October 11, 2018 in Horror, Sweden. Whispers from the grave preview Black magic is not the most common theme in Nordic horror or fantasy, so thankfully it is a theme in the upcoming Danish horror-comedy Whispers from the grave. Written and directed by Sohail A. Hassan and produced by Jannick Raunow, Whispers from the grave (original title: Lad de døde hvile, meaning “Let the dead rest”) has… October 3, 2018 in Denmark, Horror, Interviews, Upcoming. Vidar the Vampire preview Today another Norwegian indie horror opens in cinemas. Vidar the Vampire is the debut feature of two directors and mixes dark comedy with horror elements and politically incorrect satire. Vidar the Vampire was actually finished last year and premiered at the Norwegian International Film Festival in Haugesund in August 2017, and has also been shown… September 7, 2018 in Horror, Norway, Upcoming. A ghost slashes students in this Danish teen horror that touches on Nordic social issues in a merger of two successful genres that were not common in Scandinavia at the time it was made. As we have seen, for example when Norwegian horror movies started to take off in the early 00s, small countries don’t… July 18, 2018 in Denmark, Horror, Reviews. Review: Svidd Neger	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line967
__label__wiki	0.564101	0.564101	Health Health Shots Health Blog Commentary: Heat Shock Proteins April 8, 2004 • Commentator Joe Wright is in his second year of medical school, and sometimes he can't believe how much science he's absorbed in the last year in a half. Here's one thing he's learned from science that he'd like to share... about heat shock proteins. Young Ugandan Women Confront AIDS Threat January 17, 2004 • Uganda's devastating AIDS epidemic spawned the "ABC" program for awareness and prevention: abstain, be careful, use condoms. But young people are still putting themselves at risk -- and getting a mixed message about the disease. NPR's Brenda Wilson reports. U.S. AIDS Patients Face Treatment Cutbacks December 1, 2003 • Although the world's attention is focused on the growing AIDS epidemic in Africa and Asia, patients in the U.S. often lack medication and treatment. AIDS activists in the United States are concerned with cutbacks at a time when there are indications of a resurgence of domestic cases. NPR's Brenda Wilson reports. Lost & Found Sound 'Mental Hygiene' Films November 12, 1999 • As many as 3,000 "mental hygiene" films were shown in schools in the years after the Second World War. They provide lessons about dating, manners and delinquency, all wrapped up in a tidy 10-minute package. Lost and Found Sound got a tour through these films from author Ken Smith. Only Available in Archive Formats. Easing the Pain with Alternative Remedies November 7, 1997 • Experts agree you can't fight the sniffles by avoiding the outdoors. In fact, most people get ill by staying in, breathing air contaminated by sick people. When a cold hits, some turn to alternative remedies. While they're popular, science isn't exactly behind them.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line974
__label__wiki	0.946702	0.946702	Lockheed Martin Awarded $1.2 billion to Modernize Republic of Korea F-16s Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) was awarded a $1.2 billion contract to upgrade 134 F-16 aircraft for the Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF). The upgrades are based on the advanced F-16V... Lockheed Martin Chairman, President and CEO to Speak at Credit Suisse 4th Annual Industrials Conference Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) will webcast live a presentation by Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Marillyn Hewson at the Credit Suisse 4th Annual Industrials Conference on... Better Forecasts Ahead: Lockheed Martin-Built GOES-R Weather Satellite Launched New Weather Satellite for NOAA to Greatly Improve Weather Forecasting and Warnings NOAA's GOES-R weather satellite, built by Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT), was successfully launched today at 6:42 p.m. ET from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, aboard a United Launch... Sikorsky S-76A™ Helicopter Maintenance Trainer Advances Engineering Program at Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies Maintenance trainer also helps fulfill Sikorsky's Industrial and Regional Benefits obligations for Canada's Maritime Helicopter Project SASKATOON, Saskatchewan, Nov. 18, 2016 /PRNewswire/ --... Lockheed Martin Wins 2016 Best Commitment to Education Corporate Citizenship Award from U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation Advancing science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education is essential to the future success and sustainability of our nation's economy, national security, and scientific leadership.... Sharpening the Raptor’s Talons Lockheed Martin receives contract to support F-22 fleet FORT WORTH, Texas, Nov. 16, 2016 – Lockheed Martin Corp. (NYSE: LMT) has received a $536 million contract modification from the U.S. Air Force for sustainment of the F-22 Raptor. The funding is... Lockheed Martin CEO Marillyn Hewson addresses Canadian Aerospace Summit Aerospace and Defence: A Catalyst for Canada's Global Competitiveness Marillyn Hewson, Chairman, President and CEO of Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) and Chairman of the Aerospace Industries Association addressed approximately 800 executives and decision-makers from the... Human-Machine Teams: Lockheed Martin UAS and Optionally-Piloted Helicopters Validate Firefighting and Search-and-Rescue Capabilities Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) demonstrated for the first time how its suite of optionally-piloted helicopters and small unmanned aerial systems can work together to successfully locate and... Lockheed Martin CEO Underscores Commitment to Long Term Partnership with Technical University of Denmark Strong relationship spurring Danish innovation in critical areas Copenhagen, Denmark, Nov. 15, 2016 Marillyn Hewson, Chairman, President and CEO of global aerospace and security company Lockheed Martin, commended the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) for... Lockheed Martin Successfully Launches WorldView-4 Satellite for DigitalGlobe Lockheed Martin (NYSE:LMT) has successfully launched the WorldView-4 commercial remote sensing spacecraft for DigitalGlobe, Inc. An Atlas V 401 blasted off at 10:30 a.m. Pacific Standard Time from... Lockheed Martin Awards Wounded Combat Veterans Fighting Spirit Scholarships Retired U.S. Army Capt. Ferris Butler and retired U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Adam Keys are the recipients of Lockheed Martin's inaugural Fighting Spirit Scholarship for wounded veterans. The... Lockheed Martin CEO Calls for NATO Member States to Maintain a Strong Defense-Industrial Base Pipeline of STEM Talent Also Needed to Address Most Pressing Security Challenges Maintaining NATO's technological leadership and capabilities is vital to the future of the alliance and to the advancement of civilization, said Marillyn Hewson, Chairman, President and CEO of... Lockheed Martin's First Modernized TACMS Missile Successfully Engages Target with Extreme Accuracy Lockheed Martin's (NYSE: LMT) first modernized Tactical Missile System (TACMS) missile completed a successful first flight test at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The missile was launched... MUOS-5 Secure Communications Satellite Reaches Orbit, Begins Pre-Operational Testing The fifth Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) satellite built by Lockheed Martin (NYSE:LMT) for the U.S. Navy has reached orbit, successfully deployed its solar arrays and antennas, and is... Lockheed Martin Submits Bid for Special Operations Forces' Global Logistics Support Services Program Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has submitted a proposal for U.S. Special Operations Command's (USSOCOM) next-generation logistics and sustainment support program. Under the Special Operations Forces... David Trulio Appointed as Vice President in Lockheed Martin International Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) today announced David Trulio has been appointed Vice President for International Government Affairs, Operations, and Regional Executive for Latin America within the... Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company, Donating Collier-Award Winning X2 Technology™ Demonstrator to Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company (NYSE: LMT), announced today the donation of its ground-breaking X2 Technology™ Demonstrator to the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum at the Steven... Lockheed Martin Reports Third Quarter 2016 Results -- Net sales from continuing operations of $11.6 billion Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) today reported third quarter 2016 net sales from continuing operations of $11.6 billion, compared to $10.1 billion in the third quarter of 2015. Net earnings from... U.S. Navy Commissions Newest Littoral Combat Ship USS Detroit enters active service after ceremony on Detroit River The U.S. Navy commissioned the nation's seventh Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) – USS Detroit (LCS 7) – on the Detroit River, officially placing the ship designed and constructed by a Lockheed... CH-53K King Stallion Passes Initial Operational Testing Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) today announced the CH-53K King Stallion successfully completed initial operational testing by the U.S. Marine Corps to verify the key capabilities of the heavy lift... Northern Utah to be the Home of Lockheed Martin Ground Based Strategic Deterrent Program Office Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) announced today that its program management office for the U.S. Air Force's Ground Based Strategic Deterrent (GBSD) program will be located in the Falcon Hill National... Lockheed Martin Commissions GridStar™ Energy Storage System in New York System to Reduce Energy Costs and Deliver Services to Local Grid Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has installed its GridStar™ Lithium energy storage system at the company's Syracuse, New York, facility. The 1 MW system will reduce electricity bills and emissions... Lockheed Martin Announces Third Quarter 2016 Earnings Results Webcast Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) will webcast live its third quarter 2016 earnings results conference call on Tuesday, October 25, at 11 a.m. EDT. Marillyn Hewson, chairman, president and chief... Royal Australian Navy Officers Graduate from Aegis Combat System Training at the U.S. Navy's Combat Systems Engineering Development Site Officers attending the courses were introduced to the Aegis Combat System for the first time Naval officers from the Royal Australian Navy recently graduated from a two month Aegis combat systems course at the Combat Systems Engineering Development Site (CSEDS) in Moorestown, New Jersey.... Lockheed Martin Celebrates 25 years of Work on the Royal Navy's Merlin Helicopter Programme Merlin continues to evolve with new capabilities to be retrofitted, such as electro optical infra-red camera, full motion video, defensive aide's suite and ballistic protection. Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has led the celebrations to recognise the 25th anniversary of the Royal Navy's Merlin anti-submarine and anti-surface helicopter. The original contract for the Merlin... Lockheed Martin Launches ‘Girls’ Rocketry Challenge’ to Inspire Japan’s Next Generation to Pursue Engineering Careers TOKYO, Japan, October 14, 2016 – Lockheed Martin has launched a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) program designed to enable high school girls to engage in real-life... Sikorsky, A Lockheed Martin Company, Delivers 1000th H-60M BLACK HAWK Helicopter to U.S. Army Sikorsky, A Lockheed Martin Company (NYSE: LMT), delivered the 1,000th H-60M BLACK HAWK helicopter to the U.S. Army today in a ceremony held in Stratford, Connecticut. The event was attended by... Long-Serving DSCS Satellite Takes Over Role of Linking Antarctic Researchers to the World A legacy U.S. Air Force communications satellite built by Lockheed Martin enhances Internet access at the South Pole Nearly 21 years after its launch, a Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT)-built satellite within the Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) recently turned its attention to a new... Lockheed Martin and CoGen to Build Energy-from-Waste Plant in Wales Teaming Agreement Signed to Pursue Additional Bioenergy Projects in the U.K. Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has signed a teaming agreement with CoGen Limited to develop energy-from-waste projects in the United Kingdom, starting with a new plant in Cardiff, Wales. The Cardiff... Air Force Classic Comes to the Cotton Bowl: Lockheed Martin Presenting Sponsor of Football Game at the State Fair of Texas On Oct. 15, the Air Force Academy Falcons will face the University of New Mexico Lobos as part of the inaugural Air Force Classic at the Cotton Bowl Stadium, presented by Lockheed Martin (NYSE:... Honored for Excellence: Lockheed Martin and Sandia Employees Receive Hispanic Engineer National Achievement Award Celebrating excellence through diversity, a pair of Lockheed Martin executives and two from Sandia National Laboratories were honored at the annual Hispanic Engineer National Achievement Awards... Lockheed Martin to Upgrade U.S. Navy's Shipboard Electronic Warfare Systems Company was awarded an initial $148.9M contract for full rate production of Surface Electronic Warfare Improvement Program (SEWIP) Block 2 Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) continues to make technological advances in its electronic warfare portfolio that will keep the warfighter a step ahead. The U.S. Navy awarded the company an initial... Lockheed Martin Receives $49 Million U.S. Army Contract for Apache Helicopter Sensor Upgrades The U.S. Army awarded Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) a $49.3 million contract to upgrade the Modernized Target Acquisition Designation Sight/Pilot Night Vision Sensor (M-TADS/PNVS) on the AH-64E... Sikorsky Delivers Alaska's First S-92® Search and Rescue Helicopter Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company (NYSE:LMT) today announced that North Slope Borough (NSB), Alaska, received its first S-92® helicopter dedicated to search and rescue. Acceptance of the... Lockheed Martin Delivers First Modernized TACMS Missile New TACMS production line in Arkansas marks major milestone Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has manufactured and delivered the first modernized Tactical Missile System (TACMS) missile to the U.S. Army from its Camden, Arkansas, production facility. As part of... U.S. Air Force Awards Lockheed Martin $395 Million Contract for GPS III Satellites 9 and 10 The U.S. Air Force has awarded Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) $395 million in contract options for the production of the ninth and tenth Global Positioning System III (GPS III) satellite. GPS III... Lockheed Martin's Sniper® Advanced Targeting Pod Continues Platform Expansion with Eurofighter Typhoon Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has received a direct commercial sale contract for the integration of Sniper Advanced Targeting Pods (ATP) onto the Eurofighter Typhoon swing-role fighter. The... From Under the Sea to Up in the Air: Lockheed Martin Conducts First Underwater Unmanned Aircraft Launch from Unmanned Underwater Vehicle In a testament to the versatility and adaptability that its unmanned systems bring to complex missions, Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) successfully launched Vector Hawk, a small, unmanned aerial... Bravura to Lead U.S. Army's Aerostat Management Under $306 Million Contract Persistent surveillance systems protect troops thanks to unprecedented monitoring Bravura Information Technology Systems, Inc. will ensure operations, maintenance and sustainment of the U.S. Army's aerostats under a new program called Persistent Surveillance Systems –... Lockheed Martin to Deliver New Simulation-Based F-16 Training Environment to Royal Jordanian Air Force Family of training systems combines technologies for maximum training value Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) will deliver a new simulation-based F-16 training environment for the Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) under a contract valued at nearly $40 million. The family of... Lockheed Martin and Japan Celebrate Roll Out of Japan Air Self Defense Force's First F-35A Senior Japanese and U.S. government officials joined Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) to celebrate the roll out of the first Japan Air Self Defense Force (JASDF) F-35A Lightning II, marking a major... Lockheed Martin Declares Fourth Quarter 2016 Dividend Announces 10 percent increase to $1.82 per share The Lockheed Martin Corporation (NYSE: LMT) board of directors has authorized a fourth quarter 2016 dividend of $1.82 per share, representing a 10 percent increase or $0.17 per share over last... Lockheed Martin Increases Share Repurchase Authority by $2.0 Billion The Lockheed Martin Corporation (NYSE: LMT) board of directors has authorized the purchase of up to an additional $2.0 billion of Lockheed Martin common stock under its share repurchase program.... PAC-3 Destroys Tactical Ballistic Missile Target Two Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) PAC-3 Missiles successfully intercepted two tactical ballistic missile (TBM) targets today as part of a U.S. Army-led missile defense flight test at White Sands... Lockheed Martin Supports New USO Welcome Center in Orlando Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) is a major sponsor of the new United Services Organization (USO) Welcome Center in Orlando, which officially opens today at the Orlando International Airport. In the... Tech Breakthrough: Lockheed Martin Opens Advanced Bioenergy Plant New System to Convert Waste into Clean Power for the Lockheed Martin Facility in Owego, New York Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) opened a new bioenergy facility in Owego, New York, at a ribbon cutting ceremony today. The system, which is now completing commissioning, uses Concord Blue's advanced... Lockheed Martin's Legion Pod Completes First F-15C Flight Test Lockheed Martin's (NYSE: LMT) Legion Pod® completed its first flight test on an F-15C aircraft, successfully demonstrating its ability to provide long-range detection and tracking of airborne... U.S. Air Force Awards Lockheed Martin $87 Million Contract for Paveway™ II Plus Laser Guided Bombs Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) received an $87.6 million contract from the U.S. Air Force for follow-on production of Paveway II Plus Laser Guided Bomb (LGB) kits. The contract represents the... NASA's $19 Million Contract Extends Lockheed Martin-Built IRIS Space Observatory for Deeper Look at the Sun Delivering the most detailed images of the sun's lower atmosphere ever recorded from space, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), built and operated by Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) for... Lockheed Martin-Led Team Launches Future USS Wichita The Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT)-led industry team launched the 13th Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) into the Menominee River at the Fincantieri Marinette Marine shipyard on Sept. 17. Ship sponsor, Kate... Travel to Mars on the Lockheed Martin Mars Experience Bus Sept. 24 & 25 The virtual field trip to Mars visits NASA Ames Research Center to inspire the next generation of deep-space explorers For its second stop in California, the Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) Mars Experience Bus is traveling to the heart of Silicon Valley to provide students with a glimpse of what it means to be a part... Colorado Space Business Roundtable Shows Value of Keeping Aerospace Business Local The Colorado Space Business Roundtable (CSBR) traveled more than 1,000 miles from Aug. 29 to Sept. 2 to four Colorado communities - Grand Junction, Naturita, Montrose and Durango – for its... F-35 and Aegis Combat System Successfully Demonstrate Integration Potential in First Live Missile Test Demonstration shows capability to extend the battlefront using Naval Integrated Fire Control-Counter Air (NIFC-CA) Two pre-eminent weapon systems, the F-35 Lightning II and Aegis Weapon System, worked together for the first time during a live fire exercise. The joint Lockheed Martin, (NYSE: LMT) U.S. Navy and... MEADS International Signs Cooperation Pact For Wisla Program With PGZ With a shared vision for the Wisła medium-range air defense program, MEADS International (MI) and Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa (PGZ) have signed a Letter of Intent to explore cooperation and mutually... Lockheed Martin Signs Letter of Intent With Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa Further strengthening of Lockheed Martin's long-term commitment to Poland Global aerospace and security company Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has signed a wide ranging Letter of Intent (LoI) with Poland's state owned defence company Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa (PGZ) which... Lockheed Martin Fighting Spirit Scholarship for Injured and Disabled Veterans Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) today announced a scholarship to aid wounded warriors of the United States armed services. The Lockheed Martin Fighting Spirit Scholarship provides sports and physical... Lockheed Martin Delivers 2,000th JASSM® to the U.S. Air Force Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) recently delivered the 2,000th Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM®) to the U.S. Air Force. Completed under the 12th production lot, the 2,000th missile is a... Warsaw University Of Technology Reaches "New Heights" In Unmanned Aerial Systems Optimization Research Partnership With Lockheed Martin The Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) and Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) successfully demonstrated their UAV optimization technologies using aerial command and control (C2) of multiple unmanned... Bay Area Students: Take a Virtual Field Trip to Mars this September Mars Experience Bus visits California as part of new program designed to inspire the next generation of deep-space explorers NASA has a goal of sending humans to Mars in the 2030s, but to get there—and beyond—we must have the skilled workforce to get the job done. Having long played a role in space exploration,... Lockheed Martin, University of Colorado Boulder Create Multi-Million-Dollar Partnership $3 Million Sponsorship Will Launch Careers in Communications Technologies Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) and the University of Colorado Boulder (CU) are establishing new academic programs through a multi-million-dollar agreement that will develop the next generation of... Aerospace Industry Brings Economic and Educational Opportunity to Colorado The Colorado Space Business Roundtable (CSBR) is conducting an Aerospace Business Development Road Trip throughout western Colorado. CSBR is traveling to four communities to share how the... Lockheed Martin Delivers NOAA's GOES-R Weather Satellite to Launch Site Next-Generation Geostationary Satellite Being Readied for November Launch NOAA's newest weather satellite, GOES-R, left its Colorado home where it was built and is now in Florida where it will undergo preparations for a Nov. 4 launch. Monday, Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT)... Lockheed Martin Awarded $79.5 Million Contract to Provide an Open Architecture Combat Management System for the U.S. Navy's Frigates COMBATSS-21 is based on a common open architecture combat systems approach to U.S. Navy deployed cruisers, destroyers, littoral combat ships and now frigates The U.S. Navy selected Lockheed Martin's (NYSE: LMT) COMBATSS-21 as the combat management system for the Navy's frigate ship program. COMBATSS-21 is the combat management system in operation on... Air Force, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman Celebrate 100 Years of Flying Protected Satellite Communications Milstar and the Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) system cumulatively achieve 100 years on orbit When it comes to transmitting sensitive information in highly contested areas, the Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) system and Milstar satellites are proving their value, achieving 100... Associated Aircraft Group Donates Helicopter Flights to Patient AirLift Services (PALS) Sikorsky announced today that its Associated Aircraft Group (AAG) has partnered with Patient AirLift Services (PALS), a nonprofit organization that arranges for free volunteer aircraft flights for... Lockheed Martin Announces Final Proration Factor of Approximately 8.05 Percent for Shares Tendered in Exchange Offer for IT and Technical Services Businesses Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) announced today a final proration factor of approximately 8.05 percent for its exchange offer for shares of Lockheed Martin common stock in connection with the... Lockheed Martin Celebrates Advanced Pilot Training Facility Inauguration Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) officially opened its Advanced Pilot Training facility in Greenville, South Carolina with a celebration and traditional ribbon cutting event. The newly refurbished... Lockheed Martin Successfully Closes Transaction to Separate and Combine IT and Technical Services Businesses with Leidos Transaction Allows for Greater Focus on Core Business in Aerospace and Defense Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has completed the separation of its Information Systems & Global Solutions (IS&GS) business segment and merged it with a subsidiary of Leidos Holdings, Inc. (NYSE:... Lockheed Martin Announces Preliminary Results of Exchange Offer for IT and Technical Services Businesses -- Lockheed Martin expects the exchange to result in a reduction of Lockheed Martin common stock outstanding by 9,369,694 shares Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) announced today the preliminary results of its exchange offer for shares of Lockheed Martin common stock in connection with the previously announced transaction to... U.S. Army Declares Lockheed Martin's PAC-3 MSE Initial Operational Capability The U.S. Army recently declared Initial Operational Capability (IOC) for the Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) PAC-3 Missile Segment Enhancement (MSE) interceptor. "This is an extremely significant... Lockheed Martin to Bring Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense to Latest U.S., Korea and Japan Destroyers $490 million contract paves way for Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense on new U.S. Navy destroyer, two Japanese Atago-class destroyers and three South Korea KDX-III destroyers The global Aegis fleet will expand in the U.S., Japan and the Republic of Korea under a $490 million deal with Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) to bring integrated air and missile defense (IAMD)... Lockheed Martin-Led Team Delivers Future USS Detroit to U.S. Navy U.S. Navy accepts delivery of fourth Freedom-variant Littoral Combat Ship The Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT)-led industry team delivered the nation's seventh Littoral Combat Ship (LCS), the future USS Detroit, to the U.S. Navy on Aug. 12. The future USS Detroit is the... World's First Crew To Mars Is Likely In Middle School Right Now Generation Beyond Program Seeks to Prepare Future Deep Space Explorers Lockheed Martin, a global security and aerospace company, has partnered with Discovery Education to launch the next phase of Generation Beyond, an initiative to use science, technology,... Lockheed Martin Sets Final Exchange Ratio of 8.2136 for Exchange Offer for IT and Technical Services Businesses - Lockheed Martin announces the final exchange ratio for the exchange offer related to the split-off of its IT and Technical Services Businesses Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) announced today that the final exchange ratio for its exchange offer for shares of common stock of Lockheed Martin will be 8.2136 shares of common stock of Abacus... Lockheed Martin's Micro Cooling Device Now Gets Defense, Satellite Systems Up and Running 4x Faster Fast Cool Down Microcryocooler Enables Quick-Reaction Systems, Smaller Satellites A new micro-size cryocooler from Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) is enabling quick-startup infrared (IR) sensors for missile and sensor applications. Cryocoolers are standard components in IR-sensing... Picture Perfect: Lockheed Martin Finalizes Contract for NASA Lunar Imaging CubeSat SkyFire's new infrared technology will help NASA enhance its knowledge of the lunar surface. For being our familiar anchor in the night sky, the moon still holds mysteries for scientists. To illuminate the unknown, Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has signed a contract with NASA to deploy... Lockheed Martin's New Dual Mode Plus Precision-Guided Munition Successful in Recent Flight Tests Lockheed Martin's (NYSE: LMT) new Dual Mode Plus laser guided bomb (LGB) successfully completed two recent flight tests at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division in China Lake, California.... The U.S. Air Force's Next SBIRS Missile Warning Satellite Ships to Cape Canaveral for October Launch GEO Flight 3 satellite uses infrared surveillance to provide early missile warning for the U.S. military The U.S. Air Force and Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) delivered the next Space Based Infrared System (SBIRS) Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Aug. 2,... Lockheed Martin to Modernize Veteran's Affairs Enrollment Health Benefits Determination System The enhanced system will assist in providing state-of-the-art disease management and improve veteran access to health information Systems Made Simple, a Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) company, was recently selected to modernize and maintain the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Enrollment Health Benefits Determination... Lockheed Martin's Mighty Mini-Missile Successfully Completes Second Flight Test Lockheed Martin's (NYSE: LMT) Miniature Hit-to-Kill (MHTK) interceptor was successfully launched in an engineering demonstration at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The demonstration on... Lockheed Martin to Establish Leading Edge Research & Development Facility in Melbourne Minister for Industry, Innovation & Science the Hon. Greg Hunt MP and Premier of Victoria Daniel Andrews MP welcome $13 million investment Melbourne has been confirmed as the location for a leading edge multi-disciplinary Research & Development (R&D) facility by leading global technology company Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT). Lockheed... Centerpiece of the Ballistic Missile Defense System Recognized for "Game Changing" Advancements Lockheed Martin-led C2BMC team improves ability to defend against evolving ballistic missile threats Ensuring the Ballistic Missile Defense System operates as a unified, secure network amid emerging threats is the mission of the Command, Control, Battle Management and Communications (C2BMC) team... Countdown to Launch: WorldView-4 Earth Imaging Satellite Arrives at Vandenberg Air Force Base for Sept. 15 Launch After a more than 250-mile road trip in a cleanroom-on-wheels, Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) delivered DigitalGlobe's (NYSE: DGI) WorldView-4 satellite to Vandenberg Air Force Base. The Lockheed... Lockheed Martin Delivers Final MH-60R SEAHAWK® Helicopter to U.S. Navy in Support of Royal Australian Navy Foreign Military Sales Program Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has delivered the 24th, and final, MH-60R SEAHAWK® helicopter to the U.S. Navy in support of the Navy's Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program with the Royal Australian... Lockheed Martin Supports Rapid Installation of Long-Range Sensor on U.S. Navy Vessel for NATO Mission Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) recently supported a request from the U.S. Navy to rapidly outfit a Gyrocam® first-generation Vehicle Optical Sensor System (VOSS I) on USNS Grapple, a rescue and... Lockheed Martin's Latest Counter-IED System to Support Partner Nations Next Generation Counter-IED System, Symphony Block 40, approved by U.S. Government to support U.S. and coalition forces In today's rapidly changing battlespace, our adversaries are using technology to their advantage to turn the most commonplace devices into explosives. The U.S. Navy recently approved Symphony... Lockheed Martin and HawkEye 360 Collaborating to Bring Space-Based Radio Frequency Mapping and Analytics to New Markets - Brings together HawkEye 360's new capability for radio frequency detection from low-Earth orbit and Lockheed Martin's unparalleled credentials in advanced technology and mission success HawkEye 360, Inc., a subsidiary of Allied Minds (LSE: ALM), and Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) are collaborating to apply HawkEye 360's radio frequency (RF) detection and mapping technology in new... Lockheed Martin's Second T-50A Aircraft for T-X Competition Takes Flight Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) and Korea Aerospace Industries successfully completed the initial test flight of its second T-50A configured aircraft in Sacheon, South Korea. The T-50A is the... Successful Flight Evaluations Mark First Time Lockheed Martin's ELGTR Releases from U.S. Air National Guard F-16 A U.S. Air National Guard (ANG) unit successfully released eight Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) Enhanced Laser Guided Training Rounds (ELGTR) during recent flight evaluations at the Barry M.... Presidential Helicopter Replacement Program Achieves Milestone VH-92A Program team conducts Critical Design Review (CDR) Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) today announced the successful execution of the VH-92A Presidential Helicopter Replacement Program Critical Design Review (CDR), signaling the program is ready to... Lockheed Martin Teams with Purdue, New Mexico State and New Mexico Tech for Sandia Competition Leading Universities Bring World-Class Expertise in R&D, Tech Transfer Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has named a national research university and a consortium of New Mexico universities to its team competing for the Sandia National Laboratories Management and Operating... LifePort receives TSO Approval for Stanchion Litter System LifePort, a Sikorsky company, has obtained the Federal Aviation Administration's Technical Standard Order (TSO) approval for the company's Stanchion Litter System (SLS). Originally designed and... Lockheed Martin Team Achieves First PC-21 Flight under Australia's Air 5428 Pilot Training System Program Completing first flight seven months after contract signature represents a significant milestone Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) and Pilatus Aircraft Ltd have successfully completed the initial production test flight of the first PC-21 aircraft destined for the Australian Defence Force under the... Lockheed Martin Demonstrates LRASM's Surface Launch Capabilities Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) recently conducted a successful controlled flight test of the Long Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM) surface-launch variant from the Self Defense Test Ship at Pt. Mugu... Lockheed Martin Reports Second Quarter 2016 Results -- Net sales of $12.9 billion Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) today reported second quarter 2016 net sales of $12.9 billion, compared to $11.6 billion in the second quarter of 2015. Net earnings in the second quarter of 2016 were... Lockheed Martin-Led Team Lays Keel on 17th Littoral Combat Ship The Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT)-led industry team officially laid the keel for the U.S. Navy's 17th Littoral Combat Ship (LCS), the future USS Indianapolis, in a ceremony held at Fincantieri... Lockheed Martin Will Pursue New Army Missile Defense Sensor Proven radar technology is best match to Army's requirements Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) is responding to a U.S. Army request for a Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense Sensor (LTAMDS). The industry-wide competition will provide a radar solution that operates... Countdown to Launch: Lockheed Martin Makes Final Preparations for DigitalGlobe's WorldView-4 Earth Imaging Satellite Final preparations are underway at Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) to ship DigitalGlobe's (NYSE:DGI) WorldView-4 earth imaging satellite to Vandenberg Air Force Base for a Sept. 15 launch. The...	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line975
__label__wiki	0.596124	0.596124	by Leigh Beeson, James Lichtenwalter More than 2,800 students became UGA alumni Dec. 15 during graduation ceremonies in Stegeman Coliseum. Above: A row of graduating students stand waiting to turn their tassels. (Photo by Dorothy Kozlowski) Commencement speakers encourage graduates to take advantage of every opportunity President Jere W. Morehead offered his congratulations to the fall 2017 graduating classes with a caveat: Although the students should be proud of all they’ve accomplished at UGA, their work is really only just beginning. More than 1,700 undergraduates and 1,100 graduate students were eligible to walk the stage Dec. 15 during the fall Commencement ceremonies at Stegeman Coliseum. “You go forth today as an ambassador of the birthplace of public higher education in America, our country’s first state-chartered university and now one of the nation’s most prominent land-grant institutions,” Morehead told the newest UGA alumni. “You are a steward of a 230-year tradition of teaching, research and service,” he also said. “You are leaving here with a capacity to shape the future of your community, this state, this nation and indeed the whole world.” At the undergraduate ceremony, Steve Wrigley, chancellor of the University System of Georgia, encouraged students to act selflessly and spend more time seeking to understand others. “That is how you will find satisfaction in life,” he said. “You’ll find meaning by making the deeds of family, friends and society a higher priority than your own. If you find yourself unhappy, look outward, not inward, for the fix.” Students also heard from fellow graduate Samuel Alberto Peraza, who received a bachelor’s degree in public relations at the undergraduate ceremony. The first in his family to graduate from college, Peraza attributed his success to his mother, Elvira Libier Godoy Sanchez. “My hope is that one day I’ll be able to give you the life you deserve,” he said, “because you have devoted your entire life to your children, our family and ultimately my education.” Eleven undergraduates were recognized as First Honor Graduates, meaning they maintained a 4.0 cumulative GPA in all their courses at UGA as well as in any transfer work prior to or during enrollment at the university. The university also honored two students who died prior to graduation with posthumous degrees. Virginia Katelyn Chandler received a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry and molecular biology and genetics, and Bridget Ariel Thompson received a bachelor’s degree in Spanish. At the graduate ceremony, students heard from Lisa Nolan, dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine and a fellow UGA alumna. A degree from UGA opened countless doors for Nolan, and she encouraged the graduates to be open to all possibilities, even those for which they think they aren’t suited. “Destiny has plans for you other than the ones you’re making,” Nolan said. “Certainly, that was true for me.” After earning three advanced degrees from UGA, including her doctorate of veterinary medicine, Nolan received a job offer at a university. But she wasn’t even sure what state that city was in and had to look it up: Fargo, North Dakota. That job launched her career in academia and taught her an invaluable lesson she shared with the graduates. “When you make an important decision, go all in … Lives and careers are filled with ups and downs,” she said. “You’ll be tempted to see those downs as failures, but I encourage you to view them as learning opportunities.” And with that, Nolan turned to the president and said, “President Morehead, I believe these folks are ready to graduate.” Columns Commencement 2017 Search committee named for grad studies vice provost	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line976
__label__wiki	0.936871	0.936871	Trump Announces Higher Tariffs On Goods From China After Dow Plunges 623 Points By Avie Schneider • Aug 23, 2019 President Trump announced higher U.S. tariffs on goods from China. "Our great American companies are hereby ordered to immediately start looking for an alternative to China," he tweeted. It was unclear what Trump could do to force U.S. firms to make such a move. Alex Brandon / AP President Trump on Friday announced higher tariffs on goods from China, hours after Beijing said it will slap tariffs on $75 billion of autos and other U.S. goods. Earlier in the day, he "ordered" U.S. companies to stop doing business with China though it was unclear whether he had the power to do that. Trump tweeted that starting Oct. 1, $250 billion worth of goods from China currently being taxed at 25% will face tariffs of 30%. And, starting Sept. 1, $300 billion worth of other goods will be subject to tariffs of 15% — up from the 10% previously announced. Trump's announcement came after the stock market closed. U.S. stock markets fell sharply after Trump's earlier tweets threatening to respond to China's latest tariffs. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed down 623 points, or about 2.4%. The S&P 500 dropped about 2.6%, and the Nasdaq composite fell 3%. Friday's tit-for-tat announcements mark an escalation in a trade war that has rippled through the world economy and raised fears of a U.S. recession. The first batch of China's tariffs on U.S. goods will go into effect Sept. 1, and a second, on autos and auto parts, is due to go into effect Dec. 15. The tariffs range from 5% to 25%. China announced it is imposing new tariffs on imported U.S. autos and auto parts, due to go into effect Dec. 15. Greg Baker / AFP/Getty Images "My only question is, who is our bigger enemy, Jay Powell or Chairman Xi?" Trump tweeted earlier Friday, referring to the Federal Reserve chairman, whom he has been urging to cut interest rates, and Chinese leader Xi Jinping. Trump tweeted the United States has "stupidly" lost trillions of dollars to China over the years, citing the theft of intellectual property. "We don't need China and, frankly, would be far better off without them," he said. Trump said U.S. firms doing business with China should look elsewhere. "Our great American companies are hereby ordered to immediately start looking for an alternative to China, including bringing your companies HOME and making your products in the USA," he said. It was unclear what Trump could do to force U.S. companies to make such a move. "The president has no authority to order companies to pull out of China," said Jennifer Hillman, a professor at the Georgetown Law Center. "Those companies have already invested in China for reasons that they chose to go into China." China's Finance Ministry called the new tariffs "a forced move to deal with U.S. unilateralism and trade protectionism." Last September, China set tariffs on $60 billion in U.S. goods in retaliation for U.S. duties. The $75 billion in goods affected by China's latest tariffs would represent more than 60% of the $120.3 billion worth of U.S. goods exported to China last year. U.S. and Chinese negotiators are due to meet in September for a new round of trade talks but have not confirmed a date. NPR's Emily Feng and Jim Zarroli contributed to this report.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line977
__label__wiki	0.88285	0.88285	18 Years Later, The House Finally Repeals The President’s 9/11 War Authority June 20, 2019 mediabest Politics WASHINGTON ― House Democrats passed a nearly $1 trillion appropriations bill on Wednesday, complete with funding for the military, health programs and the Energy Department. But 11 lines in the 667-page bill could literally be the difference between war and peace, life and death: a repeal of the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force. Three weeks after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, lawmakers overwhelmingly ― 420-1 in the House, 98-0 in the Senate ― approved the 2001 AUMF. The text of the resolution is incredibly broad. Congress gave the president the authority to use “all necessary and appropriate force” to go after the “nations, organizations, or persons” who were involved in the 9/11 terrorist attacks. But there’s more. The resolution also gave the president the authority to go after anyone who “harbored” those people, “in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States.” Not many lawmakers anticipated that, 18 years later, the United States would still be using the 2001 AUMF to justify military action all over the globe. Three different presidents have used the AUMF for more than three dozen different military engagements in 14 different countries. And now, with President Donald Trump and his administration strongly signaling they would use the 2001 AUMF to justify a new war with Iran, the newish Democratic majority controlling the House is taking its most serious steps to repeal the war authority. Included in the base text of the appropriations bill is a provision that would repeal the 2001 AUMF eight months after the legislation is enacted. It is a significant development in Congress trying to restrain Trump and many of his most hawkish advisers’ thirst for war. And it’s the first time the House has passed a repeal of the 2001 AUMF. But this bill is almost certainly not the bill that will make it to Trump’s desk. This is the first serve in an appropriations pingpong match between the Democratic House and the Republican Senate. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) ― much less Trump ― is unlikely to accept such a repeal, and there’s serious doubt among Democrats that their leadership would risk a shutdown over Senate Republicans refusing to repeal the 2001 war authority. “We are not the party of shutdowns,” Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-Md.) told HuffPost this week. “That is not our position.” If Democrats aren’t willing to risk a shutdown over repealing this 2001 military authorization, however, then they’re almost already giving up the game. They may have found a gambit that could potentially limit the president’s ability to go to war with Iran, but they face stiff opposition to a full-scale AUMF repeal not just from McConnell and Trump but also national security adviser John Bolton and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. And even if they do plan to give up on repealing the 2001 war authority, they could still face stiff opposition in pursuing a middle-of-the-road approach. The Trump administration is serious about a potential war with Iran. Bolton even said Monday that Congress would be making “a big mistake if they doubted the president’s resolve on this.” A Generational Divide On War? Much has been made of the generational divide among House Democrats. The top three leaders are in their late 70s and have collectively been in Congress for 94 years, while many of the newest Democratic members are three generations younger and still setting up district offices. That means some of the newest members of Congress grew up with the Iraq War in the background of their high school and college years. Many of them opposed the invasion and saw politicians ― many of whom are now colleagues ― send their friends off to war. Despite the situation, Democrats swear there is no division. “I think Democrats are pretty united,” Rep. Barbara Lee (D-Calif.) told HuffPost last week. Remember the 420-1 vote in the House to approve the 2001 AUMF? Lee was the one member who voted no. She has led the fight from the very beginning to repeal the authorization, and Lee genuinely believes Democrats of all ages and all congressional tenures are with her. “We have to remember,” Lee said, “I believe it’s only 20% of Congress serving today served in 2001.” Over the course of more than two dozen interviews with Democratic lawmakers of varying tenures, a generational divide on repealing the 2001 war authority never emerged. “Very few are on a different page,” said Budget Chairman John Yarmuth (D-Ky.), who is 71 and has been in Congress for the last 12 years. “There’s possibly some different points of view, but I’ve not seen it on generational grounds,” said Rep. Lloyd Doggett (D-Texas), who’s been in Congress since 1995. “I don’t think there’s any divide on that situation at all,” freshman Rep. Gil Cisneros (D-Calif.), 48, said. Some freshman members did say they felt there was a new push within their class to repeal the 2001 AUMF, citing how many of them came of age during the early 2000s. Haley Stevens of Michigan, recalled being in college at American University, walking into the student center and seeing on TV that the United States was going to war. “When I look back ― I’m no longer a college kid now; I’m a member of Congress,” Stevens said. “But I remember it very viscerally, and it’s something to remember about our responsibility now in Congress … around the decisions that we make, around the bills that we’re trying to pass.” And freshman Rep. Colin Allred (D-Texas) recounted watching President George W. Bush’s State of the Union address after 9/11 ― when he was a freshman at Baylor University ― and hearing Bush mention for the first time “weapons of mass destruction.” “Iraq is certainly in the back our minds since they are looking like they’re trying to rely on the same authorization of use of military force,” he said. Rep. Andy Kim (D-N.J.), who worked on President Barack Obama’s national security team, said the Iraq War played a critical role in shaping his life and was a “big reason” why he entered the foreign policy field. But he also said he was aware that there were risks in drawing parallels too closely between different conflicts ― which is another reason why members feel a new AUMF is warranted. “I want to draw from my personal experiences, but not impose my memories upon current circumstances. They’re always going to be different,” he said. “And we can always just be thinking about this war as fighting the last war.” But it’s not just freshmen who seem to be thinking about the mistakes of Iraq. As Rep. Mark Takano (D-Calif.), who’s been in Congress since 2013, told HuffPost: “I don’t think anybody wants to blunder into or be manipulated into a war and have no choices.” That is why, as the Trump administration provides classified briefings on Iran’s aggression and its nuclear program, there’s been strong pushback from members ― both Democratic and Republican. Some members who spoke on the condition of anonymity to describe the classified briefings said conversations were often combative, and it was concerning how strong some officials were “playing to the drumbeat of war.” Because of the threat of war with Iran, which would likely be an even more serious and bloody engagement than the war with Iraq that killed more than 4,000 Americans and wounded another 32,000, members say it’s more incumbent upon them than ever to repeal the 2001 AUMF. The Iran Gambit With potential strikes against Iran looming, Democrats and some Republicans have been trying not only to repeal the 2001 AUMF but also specifically block action against Iran. During a recent markup of the National Defense Authorization Act, members debated an amendment that would clarify that the 2001 AUMF could not be used to justify “kinetic” military action in Iran. “‘Kinetic action’ is things that go boom,” Rep. John Garamendi (D-Calif.) told HuffPost, adding that it meant bombs, missiles, guns and other lethal force weapons. There was an effort to include the amendment in the bill that came out of the Armed Services Committee, but the authors ― Reps. Ro Khanna (D-Calif.), Anthony Brown (D-Md.), Seth Moulton (D-Mass.) and Garamendi ― decided to withdraw it after Democrats and Republicans expressed concern about the language. Chairman Adam Smith (D-Wash.) assured the members they would get a floor vote on a similar amendment when the annual defense bill comes to the floor in mid-July, and Rules Chairman Jim McGovern (D-Mass.) confirmed to HuffPost on Tuesday that he plans to make such an amendment in order for debate. While the members were disappointed they couldn’t get the amendment adopted during the markup, there are benefits to a floor vote. It will put every member on the record about the president needing to come to Congress for a new authorization if he wants to strike Iran. “The thing that was important and should not be missed in that debate was that Republicans wanted a restriction on the use of force,” noted Garamendi, who’s been one of the Democrats most forcefully pushing to repeal the 2001 AUMF for years, along with Lee and McGovern. Garamendi even said he was willing to shut down the government over the fight to repeal the 2001 AUMF. But there are also drawbacks to such an amendment. Democrats who spoke on the condition of anonymity expressed concern that leadership would use the language specifically blocking war with Iran to justify Democrats caving on the 2001 authority repeal. Essentially, the House could pass the NDAA with a provision prohibiting the use of the 2001 AUMF to go to war with Iran, and then Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) could make the case that Democrats had already restrained the Trump administration’s biggest target for war, and therefore could agree to pass the final spending deal with the Senate even if it didn’t include the AUMF repeal. Using the 2001 AUMF to justify war with Iran is a legally tenuous case, but it’s one for which the Trump administration has already been laying the groundwork. If Democrats could effectively block the possibility of an unauthorized war with Iran, that would be a significant win. It would not, however, preclude Trump’s ability to wage dozens of other military actions, or stop him from a first strike under the War Powers Resolution if he deemed it a “national emergency” ― a term he’s already shown a willingness to define loosely. Democrats may be willing to gamble that, by taking away the administration’s top target for war, they could theoretically run out the clock on his presidency without additional military conflict. But it’s a question each member has to ask themselves. “You have so well described the great Washington parlor game,” one Democratic member said after we laid out this theory. “This is what everybody loves to do, and that is to hypothesize over all of the players.” This member thought the theory was wrong, that Pelosi was genuinely aiming to repeal the 2001 AUMF and that Democrats would fight for it, even if it meant risking a shutdown. But either way, there is something holding up this repeal. Bipartisan Obstacles McConnell is always a barrier for Democrats. Sen. Tim Kaine (D-Va.) and other Senate Democrats have tried for years to repeal the 2001 war authority, and they’ve run up against McConnell every time. The Kentucky Republican signaled earlier this year that, far from restricting the president’s ability to go to war with Iran, he’s concerned America is not doing enough to curb the Islamic republic. One of the few rebukes McConnell has issued Trump was when the president abruptly pulled out of Syria at the end of last year. McConnell introduced a resolution urging caution and citing America’s interest in countering Iran. Trump himself doesn’t seem very warm to the idea of restricting his war abilities. He rattled his own saber on Twitter in May when he wrote, “If Iran wants to fight, that will be the official end of Iran. Never threaten the United States again!” And his allies in Congress, like Sen. Tom Cotton (R-Ark.), have shown an outright eagerness to take on the country. “Unprovoked attacks on commercial shipping warrant a retaliatory military strike,” Cotton said on “Face the Nation” last weekend, after explosions damaged two oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman. “The president has the authorization to act to defend American interests.” Some Democratic members are concerned that the Trump administration is either deliberately pushing the country into a war with Iran ― similar to what happened with Iraq ― or that the president and his team are so mismanaging and escalating the situation that they will stumble into a conflict they can’t control. Moulton, who is running for president and is one of the only members of Congress who has been in combat, said some of the characters involved are the same as with Iraq: John Bolton, a draft-dodging president and the Cheney family. “Dick Cheney was pushing us towards war with Iraq,” Moulton said. “Liz Cheney, in the House, is pushing us towards war.” (Rep. Liz Cheney is the daughter of the former vice president and is the No. 3 Republican in the GOP conference.) Moulton saw similarities not only with Iraq but also an earlier war, saying that the Trump administration looked as if it wanted to justify action with a “Gulf of Tonkin-type incident,” referring to the hyped-up incident between a U.S. destroyer and some North Vietnamese boats that led to the Vietnam War. Freshman Rep. Abigail Spanberger (D-Va.), who was once a CIA officer, mentioned how lawmakers should have learned the lesson of faulty intelligence by now. “Part of the lesson from Iraq is that when you go looking for a specific answer, you will find it,” Spanberger said. “The nature of intelligence is that you will sometimes have conflicting reports.” But it’s more than Republicans advocating for war, or at least not wanting to rein in their president. Congress has failed for years to repeal this authority. Even though Democrats had unified control of the House, Senate and White House from 2009 to 2011, repealing the 2001 AUMF was not a priority. Even later into Obama’s presidency, after his administration had repeatedly used the 2001 AUMF to justify new military engagements, he was only willing to repeal a 2002 AUMF specifically for Iraq. He wanted to leave his options open on the broader 2001 authority. “If you give a president the power,” Lee said, “whether it’s a Democrat or Republican, if Congress has abdicated our responsibility to the executive, they’ll use it.” When HuffPost repeatedly pressed Lee as to why Democrats hadn’t already repealed the 2001 AUMF in their first six months of power, Lee kept saying we’d have to ask other members. “I guess there’s some resistance somewhere. Some resistance somewhere, we don’t know where, but I think that sooner or later, this is going to break through,” she said. Khanna also indicated he thought Democrats were less unified on repealing the AUMF than many other members let on. “There’s still work to be done to convince folks that we need a foreign policy of restraint and that the interventionism of the last 20 years has made us less safe and has been a blunder in many places,” he said, though he did say a more restrained foreign policy was “gaining ground” among both parties. “Whether it’s become the prevailing majority, that remains to be seen,” he said. Either way, Democrats have the ability to at least show voters they’re serious about repealing this authority. The appropriations package that included the AUMF repeal passed Wednesday 226-203, with every Republican opposed to the bill. In the House at least, Republicans can’t stop Democrats from demonstrating their values on war. And Republicans acknowledge that. Rep. Peter King (R-N.Y.), perhaps the most hawkish member of Congress ― so hawkish that he doesn’t believe the president even needs an AUMF for military action ― told HuffPost that the democratic process plays a part in decisions about war. “Elections have consequences,” King said. “We lost the election, is the reality.” Democratic PartyDonald Trump Previous Post:NBCU, NFL, Carrie Underwood Sued Over ‘Sunday Night Football’ Theme Song Next Post:Donald Trump Jr. accuses the left of 'trying to normalize' sex work even though a porn star alleged she had an affair with President Trump	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line978
__label__wiki	0.636102	0.636102	News Vire All about world news If the government regulates AI, who will regulate the government? Here’s what to watch for as Trump’s impeachment trial kicks off How the Jonas Brothers relax before their shows Simone Biles calls USA Gymnastics interim training base ‘a good start’ on road to Tokyo Olympics The Division 2 is 85% off, along with its DLC and special editions Prince Harry begins new life in Canada away from the royal family Home / Entertainment / Robert De Niro, estranged wife's next divorce hearing scheduled for Valentine's Day: report Robert De Niro, estranged wife's next divorce hearing scheduled for Valentine's Day: report 6 days ago Entertainment Leave a comment 5 Views Robert De Niro and his estranged wife will not be celebrating Valentine’s Day in the way they likely anticipated this year. The “Irishman” actor and his wife of 20 years, Grace Hightower, are currently in the middle of a drawn-out divorce, and, according to a new report, the pair’s next court hearing on the matter has been scheduled for February 14. ROBERT DE NIRO AND HIS WIFE, GRACE HIGHTOWER, SPLIT AFTER 2 DECADES: REPORTS Robert De Niro and Grace Hightower are divorcing after 20 years of marriage. According to Page Six, the couple appeared in Manhattan Supreme Court on Tuesday, when the judge sarcastically said, “Happy Valentine’s Day” as he delivered the news. The outlet reported that next month’s hearing will involve an allocution, which will require them to answer questions “on the record” about the parenting plan for their 8-year-old daughter, Helen Grace. The report stated that the couple has already agreed on a custody agreement for their daughter. ROBERT DE NIRO: LIVING UNDER TRUMP IS LIKE LIVING IN AN ‘ABUSIVE HOUSEHOLD’ “My understanding is the parties have reached an agreement as to the terms of a parenting plan for the child — in this case their daughter,” said Manhattan Supreme Court Justice Matthew Cooper (via PageSix). De Niro, 76, responded to the judge with a head nod. Additionally, the judge told the courtroom it had been a “very productive” and “very good day” for the court as well as for De Niro and Hightower. Still, it appears the couple has a long way to go before their divorce is finalized. Page Six claimed that the couple still has other aspects of their marriage to sort out, which the judge said will “hopefully” be completed “in a number of months.” This isn’t the first time the award-winning actor has split from Hightower, 64. De Niro filed for divorce back in 1999. The couple then reconciled and renewed their vows in 2004. De Niro was previously married to Diahnne Abbott, with whom he shares two children — daughter Drena, 48, and son Raphael, 44. He also has 24-year-old twin sons, Julian and Aaron, with ex Toukie Smith. Previous Meghan v Mail on Sunday: Key claims highlighted Next Federer, Nadal kick in $170,000 for Australian bushfire relief Powered by News Vire	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line979
__label__cc	0.502568	0.497432	French Movies: I Also Saw Back-ish! Last year, when I’m stumped with some of the movies I watched, I just left it alone, which means that at times I’ll forget that I saw Uncle Boonmee Who Recalls His Past Lives, a brain fart some of you might not relate to because apparently Boonmee‘s still rolling out in theatres. Not this year, just in case. But I’m still stumped so I’m combining the two French-y movies that I saw before going on vacation. Certified Copy is the most fun I’ve had in a theatre for the past month or two, because it was the second emptiest theatre I’ve been to. I thought I was going to be alone, just like I was while watching Ballast when, these two women in their late 20’s came in, walked out when they found out the movie was in Italian, then I yelled, ‘It’s in English now!’ and they walked back in. We still couldn’t figure out whether Juliette Binoche and William Shimmell were together, frustrating one woman who was a Binoche fan – she’s only seen Chocolat. But it frustrated me more that the trailer gave the secret away. Think of this film as In the Mood for Love but the couple, on their day off, can’t dress and they’re more committed to make-believe, whether in love or having philosophical arguments. Like the book written by Shimmell’s character, it puts the facsimile of cinema into question. What makes their relationship less legitimate than ‘real couples’ in other movies? Why can’t people be comfortable and emotionally connect with friendly strangers? Directed by Iranian Abbas Kiarostami, this film is less almanac-y and more emotionally voluminous than his earlier work. Xavier Beauvois’ Of Gods and Men is its own brand of meditative. The first twenty-five minutes show the routine of French Trappist monks until terrorists kill a few Bosnian workers in the area. The movie then becomes a time bomb, disturbing its audience by showing the monks continue with their little duties, pretending that these attacks might soon pass. They can leave but worry that without them, the terrorists might graze the town that they’re based. When the abbey’s doctor keeps to the Hippocratic oath and heal one of the nice enough terrorists, it angers the Algerian government. Cue the personal tests, the infighting between the docile head Brother Christian (Lambert Wilson) and passionate Brother Christophe (Olivier Rabourdin), who eventually help each other in their spiritual troubles. There’s something beautifully sterile about the film’s compositions, making me think that it would have been just good if it was in black and white, one of the last scenes, showing the abbey covered in snow, reminiscent of White Ribbon. But colour it is, as we have to experience its immediacy, the film depicting North Africa in 1996. Movie Review: Certified Copy (blogcritics.org) This entry was posted on May 14, 2011 by paolocase. It was filed under Movies and was tagged with 2011, Abbas Kiarostami, Juliette Binoche, Lambert Wilson, romance. i really can’t believe someone can be a binoche fan with that film alone. i don’t wanna bash that film like everyone does, but seriously, there’s so much greatness she’s missing out on by not watching her in almost anything she did in the 90s. oh and cache. and even her tiny bit part in paris je t’aime. paolocase I was just gonna say The English Patient, although a lot of people love that movie. But the girl was acting as if 51% of Binoche’s oeuvre is in a foreign language. Also, I love how she’s an auteur hunter without having to resort to going too crazy.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line982
__label__wiki	0.900022	0.900022	UNCA, Campbell to play in CollegeInsiders.com tournament The Big South rivals are among the 26 teams that will play in the event, with the Bulldogs playing at UT-Martin and the Camels at home against Houston Baptist March 13, 2017 Brett Friedlander Sports Campbell guard Chris Clemons (3) drives to the basket against Liberty University on Saturday UNC Asheville was hoping to make a second straight trip to the NCAA tournament after winning the Big South regular season championship. But that goal was dashed by an upset loss to Campbell in the opening round of the conference tournament. Instead, the Bulldogs will play in the CollegeInsiders.com Tournament, where in addition to extending their season they could also potentially get a shot at revenge against the Big South rival Camels. UNCA (23-9) will open the 26-team event on Thursday at 8 p.m. on the road at Tennessee-Martin. The Skyhawks are 21-12 after winning the Ohio Valley West Division title and losing to Jacksonville State in the final of their conference tournament. The CIT will be UNCA’s sixth all-time postseason appearance, having played in the NCAA four times and the NIT once. The Bulldogs lost to eventual national champion Villanova 86-56 in the opening round of last year’s NCAA tournament. “We are privileged to continue playing,” UNCA coach coach Nick McDevitt said in a statement. “We are excited to represent the Big South Conference and UNC Asheville for the second time in as many years in a postseason tournament. UT Martin will be a tough opponent. They are a 21-win team that won the West Division of the OVC, so we’ll need to be ready to play on Thursday night.” Campbell, meanwhile, will host a first round game against Houston Baptist at Gore Arena in Buies Creek. The Camels are only 17-17 this season, but are coming off a strong run to the Big South tournament final that included that upset of UNCA, along with wins against Presbyterian and Radford. Coach Kevin McGeehan’s team will be making its first postseason appearance since the 1992 NCAA tournament and is led by sophomore guard Chris Clemons, the nation’s third-leading scorer who averaged 35.0 points per game in three Big South tournament games. “It is truly an honor to participate in the College Insider.com Tournament,” McGeehan said. “This is a culmination of a lot of hard work and a magical run to the Big South championship game. I’m honored to be the coach of the Fighting Camels and am ecstatic about the direction of this young team. This is a natural step for this program and it will be a great experience for our student-athletes and fans.” Houston Baptist is 17-13 and was the fourth seed in last week’s Southland Conference tournament. Other first-round CIT matchups include Norfolk State (17-16) at Liberty (19-13) tonight, Saint Francis (16-16) at Jacksonville (17-15) and Canisius (18-15) at Samford (19-15) on Tuesday, Ball State (21-12) at Fort Wayne (19-12), Fairfield (16-14) at UMBC (18-12), Georgia State (20-12) at Texas A&M-Corpus Christi (20-11) and Stephen F. Austin (18-14) at Idaho (18-13) on Wednesday and Saint Peter’s (19-13) at Albany (21-13), Furman (21-11) at USC Upstate (17-15), Lamar (19-14) at Texas State (20-13) and Weber State (19-13) at Cal State Fullerton (17-14) on Thursday. Second round games will be played on March 17-20, with the quarterfinals on March 23-26 and the semifinals on March 29. The championship game is scheduled for Friday, March 31 at 9 p.m. with television coverage on CBS Sports Network. All games will be played on campus sites and because there is no brackets, future matchups will be determined by the outcomes of earlier games. East Carolina won the 2013 championship of the eight-year old CIT. Leafs getting overtime winner to knock off Hurricanes, 3-2 Blizzard postpones UNCG-Syracuse NIT showdown Top three recruit Zion Williamson chooses Duke January 20, 2018 Shawn Krest Article In a shocking decision, small forward Zion Williamson chose Duke University in a college commitment ceremony at his school Saturday night. The 6-foot-6, 270-pound five-star out of Spartanburg, S.C., is a McDonald’s All-American and a […] Kyle Tucker blazing his own trail with Buies Creek Astros April 13, 2017 R. Cory Smith Sports BUIES CREEK The Astros Single-A Advanced affiliate playing in Buies Creek is only a temporary fix for the next two seasons. Kyle Tucker, on the other hand, will likely only be in Buies Creek […] Hoods expected return a timely boost for UNC offense October 13, 2016 Brett Friedlander Sports North Carolina’s normally high-powered offense, coming off its least-productive performance in five seasons under coach Larry Fedora, is expected to get a much-needed boost when it goes on the road to play Miami on Saturday. […] Disney may be dropping the ‘Fox’ from movie studio names NEW YORK — Disney is dropping the word “Fox” from the movie studios it acquired as part of last year’s $71 billion purchase of Fox’s entertainment business, according to published reports. Disney will still run [...]	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line984
__label__cc	0.607256	0.392744	CND government orders Agriculture and Agri-Food Research Centre Library destroyed Ivriniel Not content with ordering the closure of 7 out 11 of the department of Fisheries and Oceans Libraries the Canadian government has now turned its eye to Agricultural Research. Last week much of the scientific research material housed at Lethbridge’s Agricultural and Agri-Food Research Centre was thrown in the dumpster. “The loss of many decades worth of research findings will hamper Lethbridge scientists working on issues ranging from soil chemistry, bees and rangeland concerns, insect pests and greenhouse gases, along with studies on such key crops as canola, potatoes, wheat and beans.” Why, you might ask? “On the weekend, an Agriculture and Agri-Food media relations officer said the Harper government is “modernizing the delivery of library services” by making digital copies of what it considers important. It will keep “all materials of business value.” This government is obsessed with everything serving the needs of business. The article goes on to say: “But federal election candidate Cheryl Meheden, responding to the concerns of research scientists who contacted her after the dumping began, says much has already been lost. As to making digital copies, she says, “That budget has been slashed by 50 per cent.” http://lethbridgeherald.com/news/local-new… Page not found - The Lethbridge Herald - News and Sports from around Lethbridge Why they are destroying anything right now, when we are in the midst of an election campaign, is another question I would like to see answered. Finally, I will let the venerable Raffi speak for me:	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line999
__label__cc	0.539519	0.460481	« Indefinite Detention \| Main \| More Puzzlement » Puzzled By Honduras "The Honduran president, Manuel Zelaya, was ousted by the army on Sunday after pressing ahead with plans for a referendum that opponents said could lay the groundwork for his eventual re-election, in the first military coup in Central America since the end of the cold war. Soldiers entered the presidential palace in the capital, Tegucigalpa, and disarmed the presidential guard early Sunday, military officials said. Mr. Zelaya’s private secretary, Eduardo Enrique Reina, confirmed the arrest. (...) Political tensions have increased as Mr. Zelaya pressed ahead with plans for a nonbinding referendum that opponents said would open the way for him to rewrite the constitution to run for re-election despite a one-term limit. In the weeks leading up to the referendum, supporters and opponents of the president held competing demonstrations. Last week, the Supreme Court and Congress both declared the referendum unconstitutional. But on Thursday, the president led a group of protesters to an air force installation and seized the ballots, which the prosecutor’s office and the electoral tribunal had ordered confiscated. After the armed forces commander, Romeo Vazquez, said that the military would not participate in the referendum, Mr. Zelaya fired him. But the Supreme Court declared the firing illegal." I am puzzled by this. I found the Times' description of the referendum unilluminating ("a referendum that opponents said could lay the groundwork for his eventual re-election" -- what does that mean?) So I went off in search of the actual question, which seems to be this: "¿Está usted de acuerdo que en las elecciones generales de noviembre de 2009 se instale una cuarta urna para decidir sobre la convocatoria a una Asamblea Nacional Constituyente que apruebe una nueva Constitución política?" Unless my rusty Spanish misleads me, this means: "Do you agree that there should be a fourth urn (I'm guessing this means: ballot box) in the Nov. 2009 general elections to decide whether to convene the National Constituent Assembly to approve a new Constitution?" Apparently, the Supreme Court ruled that this referendum is unconstitutional, either because the President does not have the right to call referenda, or because "the constitution says some of its clauses cannot be changed." (Though why the latter would mean that the referendum is illegal, and not just that the proposed Assembly could not legally change those parts of the Constitution, is a mystery.) As a result, the Army, which normally distributes ballots, declined to do so, the President sacked the head of the Army, his Attorney General argued to the Supreme Court that the firing was illegal (on the rather puzzling grounds that "it regarded the president's decision to hold the referendum as "illegal," and therefore his order to the military commanders as well"), and the Supreme Court agreed. Meanwhile, the Congress banned referenda within 180 days of a general election, thereby making this referendum illegal. The President took the ballots so that the referendum could be held, and today the military removed him from power and flew him to Costa Rica. The President's supporters seem to think that he plans to use a National Constituent Assembly to create some sort of Chavez-like system in Honduras. His supporters seem to think that the coup just reflects an entrenched oligarchy's unwillingness to contemplate anything that might reduce their power. (Some Honduran takes are here.) For my part, I am puzzled. (Seriously: I know nothing about Honduras.) If holding an Assembly to revise the Constitution is such a bad idea, why not just vote no on the referendum? If the people would, in fact, like to have such an Assembly, why not have one? What, in short, is so scary about a referendum that simply asks whether people would like to have an Assembly that might revise the Constitution in as yet unspecified ways? And even if there's some reason for thinking that it is scary, is this (seemingly) mild, non-binding referendum anywhere near threatening enough to hold a coup over? Can anyone shed light on this? Update: I checked Randy Paul's blog as I was writing this, but he waited until I had just hit post to put up a lovely, link-filled post about this. Check it out. I should also have mentioned this, from the WSJ: "The Obama administration and members of the Organization of American States had worked for weeks to try to avert any moves to overthrow President Zelaya, said senior U.S. officials." Apparently, the Honduran military just stopped taking their calls. Here's Obama's statement: "I am deeply concerned by reports coming out of Honduras regarding the detention and expulsion of President Mel Zelaya. As the Organization of American States did on Friday, I call on all political and social actors in Honduras to respect democratic norms, the rule of law and the tenets of the Inter-American Democratic Charter. Any existing tensions and disputes must be resolved peacefully through dialogue free from any outside interference." The EU: "The EU strongly condemns the arrest of the constitutional president of the Republic of Honduras, Manuel Zelaya, by the armed forces. This is [an] unacceptable violation of constitutional order in Honduras. The EU calls for the urgent release of President Zelaya and a swift return to constitutional normality." Other reactions here, here, and here. Posted by hilzoy at 11:31 PM in Abroad \| Permalink " if we're already hypothetically in a state where we have a different constitution, we can't then make the assumption that we have our current constitution, and proceed from there." This is where Gary fell off the logical rails. The hypothesis is that the US has its current constitution. Referendum isn't constitutional. (Honduras has its current constitution. Referendum that isn't initiated by legislature isn't constitutional). US President proposes referendum to initiate replacement of US constitution. (Honduras President proposes referendum to initiate replacement of Honduran constitution.) etc Posted by: Johnny Canuck \| July 03, 2009 at 10:32 AM "You seem to be saying that a world in which the US Constitution allowed non-binding national referenda" It does, or else Zogby is violating the Constitution on a daily basis. The problem in Honduras is that what the president was doing was actively prohibited by the constitution. As well as being illegal per a statute the legislature had passed. Posted by: Brett Bellmore \| July 03, 2009 at 10:47 AM Brett, just to be a bit more technical a referendum would be open to all voters; Zogby is just a sample of voters that says with a certain degree of confidence what percentage of voters think x (e.g there is a 95% chance that x (+ or- y) think something. Nell, what source are you relying on re abducted mayor? wow, this thread is still going.. It's not fair to the bulk of fine, honest attorneys out there, but there is a reason people-in-general tend to distrust lawyers. Sentences like this one - and the 'controversy' it's about - are a good example as to why: To get him [me] to clarify I asked if "unamendable by the people" meant unamendable by referendum was not legal (eg like US Constitution). What does that even mean? J. Canuck's original sentence was more direct: So since the US constitution cannot be amended by referendum means it is not "legal'? Funny that if you try hard enough to misunderstand something, you can find a way to do it. And doing so in this case served the real goal: forcing a detour away from the actual question, in the form of a discussion of Canadian constitutional arcana. Since I know little about Canadian constitutional history, I leave that to you Canadians (but would tend to trust Pithlord, since I'm more familiar with him and know him to be generally honest and of good will). So, is it resolved that a constitution which is not only unemendable (BY ANY MEANS, JOHNNY) but illegal to even contemplate the emendation thereof, is consistent with liberal democracy? Especially when said constitution was not adopted in even a remotely republican way. I guess if you're hostile to liberal democracy, as neocons (and some conservatives) both north and south of the border tend to be, you don't care. I, on the other hand, like liberal democracy, so I care. Just cut the weaseling and say so, please. Please don't read this as a defense, veiled or otherwise, of Zelaya in particular... Posted by: jonnybutter \| July 03, 2009 at 11:03 AM I'm still trying to wrap my mind around a "constitution" with provisions that cannot be challenged, NO MATTER WHAT. I don't know enough Honduran history to understand exactly who wrote or imposed this document, but to my distinctly non-Honduran mind, this is such a violation of basic political (human?) rights that I see no immorality in attempting to change it, regardless of its "constitutionality." It reminds me of those dictators who, before exiting office, issue decrees that exonerate them (and their followers) in perpetuity from any wrongdoing whatsoever they may have committed. Even if they are "legally" in power at the time they issue these decrees, these are customarily regarded as meaningless by successor regimes. You cannot arbitrarily bind the hands of the future. Under these circumstances, what is any Honduran (president or not) to do who dislikes these provisions in the constitution? In the US, one can argue publicly for all kinds of changes, even profound ones. - You can petition for the institution of national referenda, just to spite Gary Farber. ;} - You can suggest that "states" be abolished, and their so-called "rights" abandoned, just to spite Brett Bellmore. ;} - You can argue that the President has inherently all the powers of King George III, except that John Yoo beat you to it. - You can amend the constitution by limiting the presidency to two terms, just to spite FDR, even though he's dead. But what is a poor Honduran to do? Please note that I'm not arguing that what Zelaya did was wise, or good, or (certainly) legal under Honduran law. I would just like someone to explain to me, in simple terms, what a Honduran who has problems with any of these restrictive provisions in the constitution is supposed to do about it. Posted by: dr ngo \| July 03, 2009 at 11:04 AM It's unamendable with respect to term limits. That really sucks if you're a politician who's already filled his limit, but it's no more an offense against democracy than any other qualification for office. I'd say that the lengths Zelaya was willing to go to get another term, (And another, and another, one assumes.) actually shows the wisdom of term limits. Is this a guy who you really ought to trust with power? They were on to something, declaring this unhealthy interest in holding onto power as being a disqualification for office. The unamendable equal representation of states in the Senate here is a far greater offense against democracy. The idea of an unamendable contitution is not just undemocratic, but logically silly. In the case of the Honduran constitution (this is based mostly on what I've read here, and a bit elsewhere - I'm no expert) there are only parts that are unamendable. Does that mean it's unconstitutional to suggest changing the part that says certain other parts are unchangable, or does the unchangability reside within the unchangable parts themselves? Can you say "I'm not changing the part that can't be changed. I'm changing the part that says you can't change that other part. When I'm done doing that, I'll be able to change the part that will used to have been (it's so goofy I can't even tense properly) unchangable, but that will then be changable." If the whole constitution is unchangable, do you have to throw the whole thing out and start over? I mean, what if it says you can't throw it out, either? If you can, you could make a new one just like the old one except for the parts you want to change, or maybe just the part that says you can't change it, so you can change the stuff you don't like later. If you can't, you just throw it out anyway, since whatever it said won't matter anymore, even the part that said you couldn't throw it out. The whole concept of self-immutability can put my mind into an infinite loop if I let it. It's ridiculous. Look at it this way: When the Articles of Confederation were thrown out in favor of the Constitution, it wasn't done in keeping with the amendment rules of the Articles, which required unanimity among the states. But they got away with it because pretty much everybody agreed it had to be done. You can amend even the 'unamendable' parts of the Honduran constitution, similarly, if essentially everybody agrees it's important to do so. All they've done, in effect, is to set the threshold for amending those parts really high. If ALL the players agree it should be done, you can do it. Amending those parts is at the same threshold as junking the whole thing. But that's not an infinite threshold. Posted by: Brett Bellmore \| July 03, 2009 at 12:01 PM Source (Spanish only) for the mayoral coup in San Pedro Sula. Translation [corrections welcome from those more fluent]: The legitimate mayor of San Pedro Sula, Rodolfo Padilla Sunseri, was replaced by the nephew of the illegitimate president of Honduras, the dictator Roberto Micheletti, according to what has been reported by various activists to TeleSUR news. "William F. Hall Micheletti and nine usurper city council members shouldered aside the mayor elected by the people," said Jose Guardado, one of the social activists who was able to get in touch with TeleSUR. "We were watching over the municipal hall at 11:00 this morning," he said, referring to the thousands of people who were gathered around the city hall in support of Zelaya, "when we were driven away by shots and bombs." The whereabouts of Rodolfo Ferias [sic;? meant to refer to arrested/abducted mayor] are unknown. The true president Zelaya, in a press release from Panama, said that at least 50 people were detained as a result of the repression, a report that was corroborated by reporter Eduardo Silvera of VTV, reporting from Honduras. "We were in the demonstration watching over the positions at the city hall ... when a group of anti-riot police arrived; they didn't say anything to us, just began to shoot and launch tear gas bombs. Many people were wounded and they tell me that there are some dead but I haven't confirmed that. There are many people detained and disappeared," said another person. According to different websites, Padilla received the support of 63% of the voters in the Liberal Party primary elections for mayor in San Pedro Sula in November 2008, while Hall Micheletti got 16%, leaving him in third place. Posted by: Nell \| July 03, 2009 at 12:09 PM The idea of an unamendable contitution is not just undemocratic, but logically silly. Thank you, hairshirt. That was my only point. It's unamendable with respect to term limits. That is no less preposterous for its particularity, completely apart from how you feel about term limits. I'd say that the lengths Zelaya was willing to go to get another term, (And another, and another, one assumes.) actually shows the wisdom of term limits. The wisdom of term limits is immaterial. The US Senate is a huge offense against democracy, I agree. But I don't see how it's unamendable a la the Honduran. If the constitution said that particular parts of the constitution were absolutely unemendable, and that even contemplating emendation was illegal, you would have a match. I don't see anything so absurd in our constitution, thankfully. Granted, it's very hard to amend the US Constitution, but it's neither impossible nor illegal. Posted by: jonnybutter \| July 03, 2009 at 12:11 PM "Funny that if you try hard enough to misunderstand something, you can find a way to do it. And doing so in this case served the real goal: forcing a detour away from the actual question, in the form of a discussion of Canadian constitutional arcana." I'll leave it to any interested observer to count how many of my comments on this post have not talked about "Canadian constitutional arcana". Apparently I originally offended jonnybutter (and other Americans) because my vocabulary is different (not saying better or correct). I think of "by the people" as being one category and 'by congress/parliament ie "by the people's representatives" as a separate and distinct category. (Thus to inject Canadian constitutional arcana- I was deeply offended when the Canadian people, as opposed to their representatives, didn't get to vote on approving our 1982 constitution.) I will in future understand that when Americans say By the People they incorporate both categories. I actually think the Canadian experience provides a useful prism because Canada evolved into a democracy so that it is very difficult to say when we became completely self-governing independent of UK. this is relevant in that it would appear there was a compromise some 28 years ago on a constitution with the stipulation that certain components couldn't be changed. I'm not hostile to liberal democracies. I do have an attachment to the rule of law. As sometimes happens, the two clash. I look forward to someone with a good response to dr ngo's question. Posted by: Johnny Canuck \| July 03, 2009 at 12:20 PM I do get that, Brett. I was being semi-funny in my last comment (but only semi-). Brett: It's unamendable with respect to term limits. But that's not all (quoting from above): The following cannot be amended, no matter what: The previous article [amendment process], this article, the constitutional articles that refer to the form of government, the national territory, the term of the presidency . . ." Term limits happens to be the issue this time, but it's not the only one. Brett: The unamendable equal representation of states in the Senate here is a far greater offense against democracy. WTF? Where in the constitution does it say this is unamendable?!? Obviously it is de facto, and that you may or may not consider problematic - I tend to agree with you on the substance - but there's nothing that I see that legally prohibits trying to amend the constitution to reshuffle the Senate, much less just talking about doing it. This is a bogus argument WRT Honduras. Brett: You can amend even the 'unamendable' parts of the Honduran constitution, similarly, if essentially everybody agrees it's important to do so. Not if even calling for a referendum is regarded as unconstitutional, subject to the penalty of "immediate" discharge from office. So far as I know, there were no efforts to round up the delegates to the US Constitutional Convention as subversives. (Of course the public didn't know they were writing a constitution, which helped!) You don't like Zelaya, Brett; I get it. I have to admit I'd never heard of him until the latest fracas, so I'm certainly not defending him. But using your distaste for Zelaya - however justified in substance it may be (and I'm in no position to judge) - as a defense of the "unamendable" Honduran constitution is a stretch, even for you. Posted by: dr ngo \| July 03, 2009 at 12:24 PM Before the TeleSUR account of the forcible change of mayors in San Pedro Sula, there were news reports on Honduran media that the Supreme Court had issued an arrest warrant for Mayor Rodolfo Padilla, who is a political ally of Pres. Zelaya. His crime, I think, was to begin to conduct the encuesta (consultation/referendum) on Sunday. Here's a picture of the mayor in happier times, greeting Sec. Clinton at the airport in San Pedro Sula as she arrived for the OAS meeting there on June 1 (fresh from the inauguration of Pres. Funes in El Salvador, where her red dress was well received). Honduras' Vice President Aristides Mejia is also pictured. Any faintly legal "democratic transition" would have put him into office if/when Zelaya were impeached or put on trial. In the TeleSUR story, the reference to the city council members accompanying Hall Micheletti is ambiguous, because golpista can mean 'coup-supporting' or 'coup-perpetrating'. That is, it's not clear to me whether they are existing city council members who support the coup government or usurpers taking over city council at the same time Hall Micheletti is taking over the mayoralty. "Where in the constitution does it say this is unamendable?!?" Ok, unamendable without the consent of the states being deprived of it. I did say, didn't I, that these provisions of the Honduran constitution are without any parallel I know of in other countries. "there were news reports on Honduran media that the Supreme Court had issued an arrest warrant for Mayor Rodolfo Padilla, who is a political ally of Pres. Zelaya. His crime, I think, was to begin to conduct the encuesta (consultation/referendum) on Sunday." Ok, that would be a crime which would, per that constitution, justify removing him from office. As well as a statutory violation. Apparently he was one of Zelaya's co-conspirators. But replacing him with a relative stinks on ice. Sounds to me like they're responding to constitutional violations WITH constitutional violations. Not good. dr ngo: Term limits happens to be the issue this time, but it's not the only one. This point cannot be made too strongly. In fact term limits are the issue this time, either, except as the excuse for those opposed to the consultation vote to shriek about "dictatorship". That doesn't make it so. It would be up to the participants of the National Constituent Assembly, if it were formed, what to put in a new constitution. The "president making himself dictator for life" line is sheerest b.s. Zelaya is not running in November, he will leave office in 2010 with the inauguration of whoever is elected then, and any changes to presidential term limits would come long after he is out of office. There are many other aspects of the current constitution that restrict popular, democratic participation -- including, as dr ngo notes, its non-amendability. Of course I meant to say, at 1:15pm above: In fact term limits are not the issue this time, either, except as the excuse... "The unamendable equal representation of states in the Senate here is a far greater offense against democracy." It's entirely amendable so long as any given State consents. dr ngo: "WTF? Where in the constitution does it say this is unamendable?!?" Brett's referring to the last bit of Article 5, which spells out the amendment process. But he over-states it to an absolute, which it isn't: Article 5: So Brett has something real he's referring to, but stating that the equal representation of States in the Senate can't be amended just isn't so. It's just that that one thing has a unique hurdle to jump. But it is jumpable, contrary to Brett's blanket claim. Posted by: Gary Farber \| July 03, 2009 at 02:13 PM Ok, I've tracked down the text of the referendum he proposed, and it does indeed appear he wasn't directly attacking the term limits, and that does mean that he hadn't invoked the constitutional clause that would automatically strip him of his office. On the other hand, he clearly WAS trying to run an illegal referendum, as he didn't have the authority to put issues on the ballot, the legislature had enacted a law directly prohibiting this referendum, and the supreme court had declared it unconstitutional. And he was doing so with considerable aid from Chavez, who DID free himself from term limits by referendum, so the whole thing was rather suspicious. No good guys in this fight, apparently. And maybe it was a coup, but if it was, he certainly was asking for it. Why'd he pick this issue to fight to the end over? Brett, I missed that (as Gary surmised); sorry. But I still think the Honduran constitution is way over the "common-sense" line, and I still don't know what you think Zelaya - or any other Honduran - ought to do if they disagree with any of the several "unamendable" provisions in the Constitution. Just smile and bear it? "Look at it this way: When the Articles of Confederation were thrown out in favor of the Constitution, it wasn't done in keeping with the amendment rules of the Articles, which required unanimity among the states." I have a copy of the Articles standing right over here, and it says: Article XIII. Every State shall abide by the determination of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them. And the Articles of this Confederation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the Union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them; unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the legislatures of every State. And right over here I have a list of each of the dates on which each of the legislatures of each of the thirteen states ratified the new Constitution after it was "agreed to in a Congress of the United States." To quote Wikipedia: [...] On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was completed in Philadelphia at the Federal Convention, followed by a speech given by Benjamin Franklin who urged unanimity, although they decided only nine states were needed to ratify the constitution for it to go into effect. The Convention submitted the Constitution to the Congress of the Confederation, where it received approval according to Article 13 of the Articles of Confederation.[9] Once the Congress of the Confederation received word of New Hampshire's ratification, it set a timetable for the start of operations under the Constitution, and on March 4, 1789, the government under the Constitution began operations. So what the heck are you talking about? There were thirteen states, and each one ratified the new Constitution. Thirteen out of thirteen is unanimous, last I looked. Brett: I've tracked down the text of the referendum he proposed The one in Hilzoy's post, or the text of what would be voted on in the 'Fourth Ballot Box'? This article is a significant development: The chief lawyer for the Honduran military acknowledges that the forced expulsion of Zelaya was ordered by the military and was a crime. The interview gives a vivid picture of the sense of political entitlement felt by the military, and their attitude to their own actions in the 1980s. "And he was doing so with considerable aid from Chavez, who DID free himself from term limits by referendum, so the whole thing was rather suspicious." Ah, yes, commie cooties. Good to see grand old American traditions upheld. "So what the heck are you talking about?" The fact that the Constitution itself said that it would go into effect when only NINE states ratified, and in fact, the new government was up and running as of March 14th, 1789, though North Carolina ratified in November of that year, and Rhode Island the next year. But were't you imputing an opinion to me? My point was fairly simple, and perhaps I didn't state it simply enough - I definitely wasn't clear. I should have said 'legitimate' rather than 'legal'. Obviously, the liberal idea is that a government's legitimacy, and by extension its constitution, flows from the people rather than from god and/or an elite. Whether and how it is to be refracted through elected representatives is another question. That Hondurans would have a constitution thrust upon them which they are also not allowed to amend - even if it's only in a few particulars - makes the whole enterprise sound illegitimate to me. BTW, some of the same people who, a few years ago, cried, 'the [US] constitution is not a suicide pact!' are now suddenly fastidious about Honduran law. I wonder why that might be...? And I'm glad to see the grand liberal tradition of cutting left wing despots slack being upheld, too. It was an illegal referendum, in defiance of statute and court ruling, to be conducted with the aid of the less than savory leader of a different country. There weren't any heros in this particular fight, so far as I can tell, and certainly not Zelaya. As I told you before, I'd never even heard of Zelaya before. I'm totally unimpressed by your attempts to impute guilt by association with Chavez ("the less than savory leader of a different country" -- ooh! I'm scared!!), unless you are equally willing to condemn Churchill for associating with Stalin. (I would have said FDR, but I'm not sure of your position on him.) So Zelaya is not a "hero" to me, and I never said or implied he was, and I'd very much appreciate your not saying or implying that I regarded him as such. "Cutting" Zelaya "slack" was not the intention of my initial foray into this thread, nor any of the follow-ups. What I ask - and will now ask for the third time, since you seem to be reluctant to answer - is what you think Zelaya OR ANY OTHER HONDURAN ought to do in the face of the "unamendable" provisions of a constitution with which they disagree. Your continued silence on this argues quite eloquently that you think they should just smile and bear it, despite its evident injustice, since to take any action at all would be "illegal." "...and in fact, the new government was up and running as of March 14th, 1789, though North Carolina ratified in November of that year, and Rhode Island the next year." Brett, your claim was: "When the Articles of Confederation were thrown out in favor of the Constitution, it wasn't done in keeping with the amendment rules of the Articles, which required unanimity among the states." What the actual Articles of Confederation say: "...unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the legislatures of every State." And this was done. There's nothing there about any kind of time limit on how quickly "afterwards" the confirmation needs to happen. Gosh, that just isn't in the text. Are you arguing it's in a penumbra? "...unless you are equally willing to condemn Churchill for associating with Stalin." Of course, I immediately remember The Grand Alliance: "I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, and my life is much simplified thereby. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons." "I would have said FDR, but I'm not sure of your position on him." I'm going to make a wild guess that Brett has some criticisms. I'm actually curious what Brett thinks of Winston, though. And if Brett might have anything kind to say about FDR beyond, perhaps, his war leadership. Brett? "What the actual Articles of Confederation say: "...unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the legislatures of every State." "And this was done. There's nothing there about any kind of time limit on how quickly "afterwards" the confirmation needs to happen" If Articles of Confederation had continued as the US constitution I assume no amendment would have taken effect until legislatures of all states had confirmed. "But were't you imputing an opinion to me?" No, jonnybutter, I was not imputing an opinion to you. I thought I had detect a logical flaw in your argument and was asking a rhetorical question. Thinking I was pointing out the inconsistency, but not speaking american fluently, I had a different definition of the phrase "by the people"; therefore my rhetorical question fell flat. "That Hondurans would have a constitution thrust upon them which they are also not allowed to amend - even if it's only in a few particulars - makes the whole enterprise sound illegitimate to me." Certainly warning bells should go off, but I don't know Honduran history or how they got the current constitution. “The chief lawyer for the Honduran military acknowledges that the forced expulsion of Zelaya was ordered by the military and was a crime.” Nell, Thank you for this cite and your previous translation. I think the word "crime" in this article is a mistranslation, or different than how we would normally think of the word. From the article the officer says: ”In the moment that we took him out of the country, in the way that he was taken out, there is a crime. Because of the circumstances of the moment this crime occurred, there is going to be a justification and cause for acquittal that will protect us.'' This is like someone saying in the case of an “assault” yes I hit him but I had a justification, it was self-defence. Johnny Canuck: Certainly warning bells should go off, but I don't know Honduran history or how they got the current constitution. Are you interested in knowing how they got the current constitution? Are you interested in understanding Honduran history? Previously you acknowledged that you don't read Spanish. You were under the mistaken impression there was no impeachment provision. Yet, knowing almost none of the background, you bought in to the right-wing line on this being some grave, scary power grab by Zelaya even to the point of taking a remarkably long time to come around to the point that the rest of the world grasped very promptly: It's a military coup whose goal was to prevent a non-binding opinion poll on liberalizing the government. It's a relief that you've come to see how the U.S. government denouncing and failing to go on with business as usual is not meddling, particularly when done as the current administration has done it -- in concert with the member states of the OAS. It's vital to the continuance of normal political life in the rest of Latin America for the region and the world not to allow the military to believe that it can fall back into the rule by repression -- something that was overwhelmingly common from the 1960s through the 1980s, because of consistent U.S. government and corporate support. If it were really the case that Zelaya's proposal were so unpopular, it should have been easy to defeat it at the polls. But it's popular; that's why it had to be stopped by trumped-up, ad hoc laws outlawing referenda within 180 days of elections. Al Giordano has the best succinct explanation I've seen of why Zelaya's actions did not trigger Article 239 (the focal point for all the instant experts on Honduran law). The main post to which that's attached has some very useful perspective on the Honduran constitution and the current moment. Yes, JC, that's exactly what the military's top lawyer is saying. My point was not that he's saying, "We're criminals", but that his frank acknowledgement that this was a decision taken by the military high command and not specifically ordered by the Supreme Court cuts the legs out from under the "democratic transition" and "protecting the rule of law" line spouted by the civilian coup participants and their supporters. This bald statement is apparently necessary for those people unconvinced by the events of Sunday on their face -- or by subsequent censorship, arrests, suspension of constitutional rights, and repression. It's worth noting that the interview took place on the 29th; a transcript of most of it, in the original Spanish, is linked at the Miami Herald link in my comment. Thank you for the Al Giordano link, Nell. That makes some of this clearer. Thinking I was pointing out the inconsistency....I had a different definition of the phrase "by the people"; therefore my rhetorical question fell flat. Okay. There was a loss in translation, I guess. It would still be illegitimate from the liberal point of view regardless of their history. The history of this particular constitution (the reason I used the phrase 'thrust upon them') makes it more so.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1000
__label__wiki	0.527666	0.527666	New Teachers: Holm, Kasper, Kist, Nguyen With a new school year comes new teachers at Owatonna High School. Each new teacher represents another smiling face in the hall and more helping hands in the classroom. OHS is excited to welcome the new staff. Mrs. Holm Mrs. Lori Holm is joining the Owatonna High School staff this year. Mrs. Holm became a teacher because of her love for seeing kids succeed, grow and develop through school, as well as her passion for reading and teaching others how to read. Mrs. Holm went to the University of North Dakota, where she earned her undergraduate degree. She continued her education at Minnesota State University, Mankato... Ms. Kasper Ms. Sydney Kasper is a new teacher this year at OHS. Ms. Kasper is a special education teacher. She has always wanted to become a teacher ever since she was young, she looked up to her mom heavily as her role model, as she was a teacher herself. She would go with her mom before school and stay after school to help her. She grew up in Owatonna and has lived here her whole life. After graduating high sch... Mr. Kist Mr.Turnar Kist is one of the new teachers joining Owatonna High School this year. He grew up in Winnipeg, Canada, and studied at the University of Mary in Bismarck, North Dakota. He went to undergraduate school for social studies, but then immediately changed his path to Special Education after he finished his student teaching. Kist said, “I honestly chose Owatonna because of my passionate love... Mr. Nguyen Along with many others, Mr. Lincoln Nguyen is a new addition to the teaching staff of Owatonna High School this year. Mr. Nguyen is a special education teacher for the freshman and sophomore classes He likes working with older students. He said, “The students in high school are curious and moldable.” His goal is to teach values that will provide students a way to build good character for themselves.... Magnet • Copyright 2020 • FLEX WordPress Theme by SNO • Log in	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1003
__label__wiki	0.796277	0.796277	"travelling with Ballin": The impact of American immigration policies on jewish transmigration within Central Europe, 1880-1914 Tobias Heinrich Alb Brinkmann The restrictive immigration policies enacted in 1921 and 1924 by the United States Congress had strong roots in the period before World War I. This is not a new thesis. But this article transcends the confines of American history and looks at the impact of increasingly restrictive American immigration policies in central Europe since the early 1880s. It describes in detail how German state authorities and private steamship lines constructed an increasingly hermetic transit corridor through Germany, making sure that only persons who would not be rejected by the American immigration inspectors could enter. The well-organized and profitable transit migration system broke down in 1914. The repercussions of the closing American doors forced the Weimar Republic to take a less restrictive line towards foreign aliens than its imperial predecessor, as large numbers of migrants were stranded in permanent transit. International Review of Social History state authority Brinkmann, T. H. A. (2008). "travelling with Ballin": The impact of American immigration policies on jewish transmigration within Central Europe, 1880-1914. International Review of Social History, 53(3). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859008003544 Brinkmann, Tobias Heinrich Alb. / "travelling with Ballin" : The impact of American immigration policies on jewish transmigration within Central Europe, 1880-1914. In: International Review of Social History. 2008 ; Vol. 53, No. 3. @article{7794cf49698d4150971ea8326bbe620b, title = "{"}travelling with Ballin{"}: The impact of American immigration policies on jewish transmigration within Central Europe, 1880-1914", abstract = "The restrictive immigration policies enacted in 1921 and 1924 by the United States Congress had strong roots in the period before World War I. This is not a new thesis. But this article transcends the confines of American history and looks at the impact of increasingly restrictive American immigration policies in central Europe since the early 1880s. It describes in detail how German state authorities and private steamship lines constructed an increasingly hermetic transit corridor through Germany, making sure that only persons who would not be rejected by the American immigration inspectors could enter. The well-organized and profitable transit migration system broke down in 1914. The repercussions of the closing American doors forced the Weimar Republic to take a less restrictive line towards foreign aliens than its imperial predecessor, as large numbers of migrants were stranded in permanent transit.", author = "Brinkmann, {Tobias Heinrich Alb}", journal = "International Review of Social History", Brinkmann, THA 2008, '"travelling with Ballin": The impact of American immigration policies on jewish transmigration within Central Europe, 1880-1914', International Review of Social History, vol. 53, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859008003544 "travelling with Ballin" : The impact of American immigration policies on jewish transmigration within Central Europe, 1880-1914. / Brinkmann, Tobias Heinrich Alb. In: International Review of Social History, Vol. 53, No. 3, 01.12.2008. T1 - "travelling with Ballin" T2 - The impact of American immigration policies on jewish transmigration within Central Europe, 1880-1914 AU - Brinkmann, Tobias Heinrich Alb N2 - The restrictive immigration policies enacted in 1921 and 1924 by the United States Congress had strong roots in the period before World War I. This is not a new thesis. But this article transcends the confines of American history and looks at the impact of increasingly restrictive American immigration policies in central Europe since the early 1880s. It describes in detail how German state authorities and private steamship lines constructed an increasingly hermetic transit corridor through Germany, making sure that only persons who would not be rejected by the American immigration inspectors could enter. The well-organized and profitable transit migration system broke down in 1914. The repercussions of the closing American doors forced the Weimar Republic to take a less restrictive line towards foreign aliens than its imperial predecessor, as large numbers of migrants were stranded in permanent transit. AB - The restrictive immigration policies enacted in 1921 and 1924 by the United States Congress had strong roots in the period before World War I. This is not a new thesis. But this article transcends the confines of American history and looks at the impact of increasingly restrictive American immigration policies in central Europe since the early 1880s. It describes in detail how German state authorities and private steamship lines constructed an increasingly hermetic transit corridor through Germany, making sure that only persons who would not be rejected by the American immigration inspectors could enter. The well-organized and profitable transit migration system broke down in 1914. The repercussions of the closing American doors forced the Weimar Republic to take a less restrictive line towards foreign aliens than its imperial predecessor, as large numbers of migrants were stranded in permanent transit. JO - International Review of Social History JF - International Review of Social History Brinkmann THA. "travelling with Ballin": The impact of American immigration policies on jewish transmigration within Central Europe, 1880-1914. International Review of Social History. 2008 Dec 1;53(3). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859008003544	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1005
__label__wiki	0.659073	0.659073	Spelling B7 Filed under: Blake's 7,Novels,Warship,writing — Peter A @ 3:33 pm I’ve been pondering the accuracy of my spelling when writing Warship for Big Finish at the end of last year. Big Finish does make an effort to get spellings correct wherever possible (yes, even though the occasional spelling of Bayban may seem to have been butchered). Mostly obviously, one can rely on sources for things seen on screen. Literally in some cases — names that appear in Blake’s court records, for example, in “The Way Back.” In some episodes, there are displays on the flight deck that may repay attention with a freeze frame, a magnifying glass, and a mirror. (Or it is Flight Deck?) Another kind of “seen on screen” is in the titles. “Blake” in “Blake’s 7” at the start of every episode, for example. Or “Soolin” in the end credits of every episode in Season D. And usually, you can rely on Radio Times credits being written by the production team and therefore correct for planet names or characters. A third kind of seen on screen is in the subtitles. That’s trickier, because some subtitles could be phonetic, but they are available on officially licensed merchandise, and that may count for something. There are downloadable subtitles on the web, but I’m not always sure of their provenance. Original scripts? Not everyone has access to the original scripts — and even then, the scripts may be inconsistent (because dialogue is written to be said, not seen, so it hardly matters) even within the same script. I think this may be where the mismatch between “tarial cell” and “tarriel cell” comes from. Since I once wrote a couple of B7 encyclopaedias called Tarial Cell, you can work out my preference. There are the novelisations — which would have been based on the scripts, and so one might anticipate the spellings would be correct there, or as correct as the original scripts. Trevor Hoyle’s novelisation of “Orac” in his Project Avalon book uses “Tarial Cell” whereas Tony Attwood’s novel Afterlife adopts “Tarriel Cell.” There are online transcripts, but those may rely more on phonetic approximations by the transcribers — and sometimes, those may be inconsistent, too. BBC Picture Publicity used to make photos available to the press with captions stencilled on the back of them. So that’s another “official” source that you might expect to be (usually) accurate. The Tony Attwood Programme Guide is another source, and was not only licensed by Terry Nation’s company but also had the support of production team members. That prefers Tarriel Cell, incidentially, including capitalisation. Boo! It also includes “Galactic Monopoly” which I don’t think was ever officially used in the TV series for its appearance in (for example) “Terminal.” There’s Wikipedia, too — for example, that has a list of Blake’s 7 planet names. The splendid Sevencyclopedia (ah, do you see what they did there?) has lots of detail, and sometimes offers variant spellings. There are other books like Blake’s 7: The Inside Story (Nazzaro/Wells) which was co-written by a production member and uses original sources. And there is Liberation: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to Blake’s 7 (Stevens/Moore) which is written by dedicated enthusiasts who have also done B7 spinoffs. Don’t be put off by the title, it is well researched. As I explain, I prefer “tarial cell” to “Tarriel Cell.” But is it lower case (as in solar cell or photovoltaic cell) or capitalised (as in Phillips screwdriver or Allen key) or both capitalised? I’m not aware of anything in the TV series or spinoffs that lend credence to one or the other (e.g. naming it after, say, Ensor’s first wife Jane Tarial who he met at university, or something). And we don’t seem to use “Teleport Bracelet” rather than “teleport bracelet.” So I prefer lower case (as does Sevencyclopedia). But I’ve even seen the variant “Tariel Cell” somewhere too. Tsk! I think the spelling of Jenna’s last-known destination is “Morphenniel” because that’s what the subtitles say in “Powerplay” and it is also used by Sevencyclopedia and Wikipedia. Nevertheless, the Programme Guide spells it as “Morphaniel” (which I have not seen in other reference sources). Similarly, I prefer “Sarran” as the planet where we first meet Dayna — that’s what is used in the Programme Guide, the DVD episode subtitles, the Sevencyclopedia, and Wikipedia. But Liberation adopts “Sarren,” and I think The Inside Story does that, too. I think the best thing is to avoid the most egregious errors, and stay consistent within the BF books. […] [My blog post about that is here.] […] Pingback by Horizon interview \| The Red Lines Page — January 1, 2020 @ 1:19 am \| Reply	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1007
__label__wiki	0.875653	0.875653	Pundits: Trump Failed To Change Election Race In Final Debate By Chris Stigall October 20, 2016 at 11:01 am Filed Under:2016 Presidential Election, AB Stoddard, Al Gore, Breitbart, Campaign 2016, Chris Stigall, Donald Trump, George Bush, Hillary Clinton, Ivanka Trump, John Hayward, Kellyanne Conway, Libya, Mike Pence, politics, Presidential Debate, Real Clear Politics, Rudy Giuliani, Talk Radio 1210 WPHT LAS VEGAS, NV - OCTOBER 19: Democratic presidential nominee former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton walks off stage as Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump looks on during the third U.S. presidential debate at the Thomas & Mack Center on October 19, 2016 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Tonight is the final debate ahead of Election Day on November 8. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) PHILADELPHIA (CBS) – Political pundits AB Stoddard from Real Clear Politics and John Hayward from Breitbart assessed the third and final presidential debate, which included Donald Trump announcing he may not be willing to accept the outcome of the election if he loses, and concluded that Trump did not reverse the course of a race that has been slipping away from him for weeks. Stoddard told Chris Stigall on Talk Radio 1210 WPHT that Trump was doing well until his blunder over accepting the will of the voters on election night. “Donald Trump had his best debate performance yet, but he made sure the headline was all about him keeping us waiting on whether not he would concede a loss and accept the outcome of the election. He steps on his message. He did not land a fatal blow on Hillary. She did not have a fatal stumble and he’s not doing what it takes to win.” She believes this error, and other similar mistakes that have plagued Trump throughout the campaign, stem from concerns over his personality, which are unlikely to change even if he wins on November 8th. “This whole thing where his team gets together to the point where they actually come out to the press in obviously and intentional effort, it’s very, sort of, un-Trump world, to have Rudy and Pence and Kellyanne Conway and Ivanka all say he’s going to accept the outcome of the election shows that he can agree to something in a meeting, with his advisers, then he gets ornery and he does what he wants. If you think he’s going to be different on February 19th than he is now, he’s not. I just don’t know how he convinces the unconvinced.” John Hayward, from Breitbart, while speaking with Stigall, said that the response of Democrats and the media over Trump’s answer is hypocritical and pointed back to the 2000 election dispute and recount between Al Gore and George W Bush as proof. “It was amazing. It’s mass, hysterical, psychotic amnesia. Every liberal in the country completely forgot everything Al Gore did and they started spinning these crazy fairy tails, oh, he conceded on election night, all he did was ask for an audit, it was an automatic recount, I didn’t ask for anything. No. Al Gore fought tooth and nail and tried to steal the election. I know you Democrats don’t want to hear it. It’s what he did.” He also criticized Trump for not making a bigger deal of Clinton’s oversight of foreign policy in the Middle East while serving as Secretary of State, singling out Libya as a prime example. “He keeps letting her off the hook on Libya. Libya is a disaster and he mentioned it. He says it’s a disaster, but it was an illegal war from the top down. There was nothing remotely legal about this. It’s a weird facet of our government and the way we view this all powerful executive now that nobody really talks about how a blatant violation of the War Powers Act anymore. It absolutely was, but you’d think that that would be an issue in a presidential campaign and he never mentions it.”	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1009
__label__wiki	0.963873	0.963873	Home News Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Awards $19 Million in Grants Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Awards $19 Million in Grants The Conrad N. Hilton Foundation has announced sixteen grants totaling more than $19 million to organizations working in the areas of homelessness, foster youth, hospitality, substance use prevention, Catholic sisters and education, safe water, and young children. The third-quarter grants include $1 million to the Sol Price Center for Social Innovation at the University of Southern California for continued support of its Homeless Policy Research Institute, which works to coordinate and amplify research and inform policy and program decisions aimed at ending chronic homelessness in Los Angeles County; $600,000 to Children Now in support of its ongoing advocacy for policies and funding that benefit transition-age foster youth in California; $1.5 million to the Nola Business Alliance to build the capacity of the workforce system in the city of New Orleans; and $2.35 million to the National Opinion Research Center to expand screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) and implementation training for social workers, nursing students, and other youth professionals. The foundation also awarded $740,000 to Medicines for Humanity in support of the organization's efforts to build capacity, strengthen its work force, and improve community-level programs focused on helping vulnerable children; $1.1 million to the Alliance for School Choice to enable disadvantaged students to attend Catholic schools; $1.7 million to Stanford University in support of the testing and assessment of promising strategies grounded in empirical evidence for improving water, sanitation, and hygiene services (WASH); and $2 million to ChildFund International to expand group parenting models and improve the quality of early learning in Kenya and Zambia. (Photo credit: Hilton Foundation) "Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Announces More Than $19 Million in Grants, Approves New Catholic Sisters Strategy." Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Press Release 10/17/2018. Subjects: agriculture / food; children / youth; education; health; human services; philanthropy / voluntarism; religion; water / sanitation / hygiene Organization: alliance for school choice; childfund international; children now; conrad n. hilton foundation; homeless policy research institute; medicines for humanity; national opinion research center; nola business alliance; stanford university; university of southern california Location: agoura hills; california April 29, 2019 Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Awards More Than $25 Million August 27, 2018 Hilton Foundation Adopts New Strategy for Catholic Sisters Initiative July 10, 2018 Reframing Adolescent Substance Use and Its Prevention April 28, 2018 $1.9 Million Grant Renews Access to Clean Water Partnership April 15, 2018 Hilton Foundation Awards $13 Million in Grants April 10, 2017 Hilton Foundation Awards Grants Totaling $15 Million	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1010
__label__wiki	0.59543	0.59543	The Importance of Corroborating DNA Evidence On May 14, firefighters and police discovered a grisly scene when they responded to a house fire in an upscale neighborhood in a Washington, D.C. suburb. Inside the large brick home were four bodies showing signs of being bound, tortured and killed by blunt force trauma. The victims were identified as Mr. and Mrs. Savopolous, their 10 year old son, and their housekeeper. Mr. Savopolous is the CEO and President of American Iron Works, and he and his wife were active in social and charity circles in the Washington D.C. area. Their home is worth over 3 million dollars, and is not far from the home of Vice-President Joe Biden. It was readily apparent that Savopolous’ wealth notwithstanding, the crime was not a random robbery-homicide. From the outset there appeared to be a connection between the perpetrator(s) and the victims. When a half-eaten discarded pizza was discovered and tested for DNA, the connection was revealed: the DNA matched that of Daron Wint, a former employee at American Iron Works. Wint has a long criminal record that includes convictions for assault and restraining orders issued against him. He was apprehended in Northeast D.C. on May 21, a week after the murders. CHALLENGING DNA EVIDENCE Wint was identified as a suspect in what is known as a random-match identification; police investigators find a crime-scene sample, process the DNA, and then search the DNA database for a match. Defendants have challenged the accuracy of random-match identifications, arguing that the process overstates the probative value of the match. While this is most likely not a successful argument regarding admissibility of DNA identification, it can be used to undermine the probative value of the identification evidence. A random-match identification such as Wint’s highlights the need for corroborating evidence. Often prosecutors depend too heavily on DNA evidence to link the defendant to the crime, and while DNA evidence is very persuasive it rarely satisfies the burden of proof in a criminal trial on its own. Defense counsel can attack the credibility of the DNA evidence by questioning the methodology used by the lab, the possibility of contamination of the sample and or mixture (one or more people’s DNA involved in the sample), and whether there was interpretive bias or fraud in reaching the conclusion. All of these issues can undermine the credibility of DNA evidence and leave the trier of fact unable to reach a verdict beyond a reasonable doubt. In Wint’s case, corroborating evidence of his former employment at Mr. Savopolous’ company makes the random-match not so random and bolsters the probative value of the DNA evidence. The fact that when Wint was apprehended he was in a convoy of two cars, and the car ahead of him contained $10,000 in cash, is also corroborating evidence that the DNA evidence gathered from the pizza at the crime-scene matches that of Wint. Each piece of evidence providing a connection between Wint and the victims, and tying Wint to the scene increases the credibility of the DNA evidence in the eyes of the trier of fact. Conversely, without these pieces of evidence DNA identification evidence alone would lack the probative value to satisfy the high burden of proof demanded in a criminal trial. CONTACT YOUR ATTORNEY If you have been charged with a crime, contact the criminal defense experts at Pak McRae, LLC, for a free evaluation of your case.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1016
__label__wiki	0.646735	0.646735	PamelaAndersonOnline Pamela Anderson Online Your #1 Source for Pamela Anderson latestphotos latestheadlines Pamela's New Commercial Pamela Anderson, 52, recreates iconic ‘Baywatch’ run in new ad Pamela Anderson puts on an eye-popping display in Miami Beach Pamela shows off her stunning figure in a sparkling dress Pamela Anderson Offers to Adopt Dogs Used for Animal Testing Pamela Anderson Talks About Sex & Power Each era is defined by handful of well-known individuals. Elvis dominated the ‘50s while Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan claimed the ‘80s. The ‘90s however? That moment in history belongs to the likes of Michael Jordan, Bill Clinton, Matt Groening, Kurt Cobain and most certainly to Pamela Anderson. The buxom blonde towered over popular culture at the twilight of the 20th century like no other woman, and if you were old enough to have felt horniness at the time, chances are she was your top celebrity crush. Or maybe I’m just projecting, because she certainly was mine. From Baywatch to multiple Playboy covers (she currently holds the record for most covers with a grand total of 14) and Barb Wire, Pam was inescapable in the 1990s, but after a decade-and-a-half out of the spotlight she’s back to serve as the brand ambassador for London-based lingerie maker, Coco De Mer. She recently designed her own line of sexy lingerie for the brand so we sat down with Pam to talk it over, in addition to asking for some advice in sexiness and whether she finds Donald Trump hot or not. Hi Pam, so what have you been up to today? We did a photo shoot, some videos and now some interviews. We’ve been talking about the launch of my new line for Coco De Mer. It’s very exciting and it’s gonna be a massive success because the lingerie is associated with me! Maybe people might not recognize you in lingerie. Perhaps they’re more used to seeing you naked in Playboy? You know, there was actually a lot of lingerie in Playboy — it’s just that it was usually dangling from something. Exactly. Dangling from bedposts and whatnot. But it was there! So, you recently wrote a book called The Sensual Revolution — what does this sensual revolution look like? Well, I’ll let you know the title’s been changed. It’s now called Lust for Love and The Lost Art of Intimacy. I don’t know why, I liked “Sensual Revolution” because I think the sexual revolution gave us a lot of great things, but it also gave us some really bad sex. I think it gave us a lot of empty relationships. I’ve discussed this with so many people from that time and most of them are alone now. So I think this book is about cultivating human relationships with romance and chivalry and all those great things, which kind of play into all the lingerie that we are doing. It’s playful about sex; about keeping relationships alive and romantic. There probably were some bad sides to the sexual revolution, but I think we’re still better off than before when everyone was basically Mormon. Yes and I don’t wanna go back to that kind of time. But also, we have to take stock in what we’re being influenced by and how it’s affecting our relationships and our loved ones. Especially with the internet and dating apps and having so many options. I think it’s having a negative effect on relationships. I don’t think it has to a negative thing, I just think we need to be aware of it. I don’t believe in regulation or censorship, but I think that we need to have honest conversations with ourselves about how it’s affecting our relationships; “am I addicted to pornography? Am I desensitized in any way? Am I neglecting my wife or my husband because of this? What can I do to kind of bring back all those great things we fell in love with in the past?” So that’s how the book kind of came about. I spoke at Cambridge, then I spoke at Oxford about the same thing and had women come up to me with tears in their eyes saying “thank you so much for bringing this up.” Before publishing the book, I asked myself if I qualified to talk about these issues because I’m a Playboy playmate. But women tell me: “you’re the perfect person to start this conversation because you’re not a religious advisor; you’re a playmate and you feel the same way we do.” Besides, Playboy was titillating, it was innocent, I don’t look at it as pornography. I thought it was very girl next door. And your new lingerie? With the lingerie line I just wanted to do something very playful and sexy. It’s not super, super hardcore; it’s very playful yet it looks good on so many people. It’s really built for women of all shapes and sizes and has beautiful colors, beautiful fabrics. It has longevity, it will keep its features for a long time. Its good quality and inspiring people to have fun in their erotic relationships. I think it’s really good that you’re leading this conversation because, like you said, you’re not a religious puritan who’s gonna shame someone for their sexuality. I think that most of the time it tends to come from a very moralizing, oppressive and Republican standpoint. Right, and I’m not a moralist or a republican. Young men and women are thinking twice about their actions and how they could harm their relationships. I mean, I don’t want to grow old alone. We all want to have a partner in our lives and treat them with respect. My dad has the best expression. He always says, “being with someone is like a mirror — if you’re doing it, they’re doing it.” So before you do it, think: “would you be okay with them doing it?” I’ve lived my life by this. It was really one of the best pieces of advice I was given because we’re all tempted. Especially now there’s so much temptation out there. But you can really have a lot of fun and a lot of romance with one person. You can be with that person forever and have everything you want by keeping it fun and fresh and having the freedom within the relationship to keep it sexy. But don’t you think this whole idea of even being with one person forever is unrealistic and a lot of pressure to put on a relationship? People do it. My parents are still madly in love and they’ve been together since they were 16. That was a different time, obviously, but it still exists. It probably helped that my father was a poet. He wrote my mother poetry every day. My mother’s always creating beautiful adventures and meals and they are a really funny, sexy couple. Always. That was my model growing up. Of course, they had ups and downs, but they are still madly in love so I think it does exist. But you’re right; with so many options now, it’s much more difficult. But I guess the romantic in me believes that it’s still a possibility. That is very sweet. What, in your opinion, is the sexiest quality someone could have? I think it’s just to be confident but also to have some kind of engagement with the world — to be involved in arts and culture. I find it very sexy when someone cares about the rest of the world, even in politics or whatever it is, not just themselves. You are someone who’s very much involved in the world. You are involved in a lot of animal rights work with Sea Shepherd and PETA and also politically as well. You wrote an open letter to Obama about legalizing cannabis so it sounds like you’re kind of attracted to someone like you. No! I like people that I can learn from, you know, I like people that are from different worlds. I’ve learned so much from people like Vivienne Westwood and Julian Assange, and people that have taught me things that I know absolutely nothing about. I think activism is sexy. I find it really interesting how heavily involved you are in activism. Do you feel like you encounter a lot of prejudice? Well, I don’t know if everyone thinks that I’m a pretty face, but I think that my career has created a certain image that people have of me. It has opened certain doors for me that otherwise wouldn’t have opened, so I try to take advantage of that. It’s been helpful in a lot of ways, even when speaking to governments. As long as I can get in the door and I can talk to somebody, then I can usually hold a pretty good conversation about an issue, be it animal rights or whatever. It’s worked, even though they want to take a bunch of pictures. I spoke at the Kremlin in December and they’re really funny. They always say: “Pamela, we’re saving the best for last. We know you’re really going to give it to us.” I talked about environmental issues and the impact Russia can have on the environment. That they could be more of a leader. I just keep doing what I’m doing, causing problems, annoying people. Have you ever met Vladimir Putin in your trips to the Kremlin? Well, I’ll say yes. You’ll say yes? I’ll just say my trips to the Kremlin have been very effective. I’ve met a lot of powerful people and I try to make the best of it. Is power inherently sexy? Unfortunately, I think it is. I think a very powerful person is sexy. I think some of the presence, some of the strength and character is sexy, of course. I know there’s a real conversation about people using power in the wrong ways going on right now – you don’t want to use it negatively — but a powerful person, a successful person, is sexy. Is Donald Trump sexy? He’s not sexy. No. I think most people would agree. Okay so, final word on the lingerie? Wear more lingerie, have more sex, have more fun. It could save the world. I don’t think this world is gonna last another day the way were going, so go enjoy it. That’s my advice. Creative agency The Full Service partnered with luxury lingerie brand Coco de Mer and global superstar Pamela Anderson for the release of her first collection as Brand Ambassador. In partnership with photographer Rankin, the campaign brings the collection to life with Pamela taking control (of the camera) in a modern take on 1960’s pin ups. All topped off with lashings of Pamela’s signature flirtatious fun. The 34 piece collection — Pamela Loves Coco de Mer — will launch globally on December 6. Source: High Snobiety Read more: http://pamanderson.proboards.com/thread/9006/talks-power#ixzz50W54dLHy WELCOME to your #1 source for the world's most recognized blonde, Pamela Denise Anderson . PAO aims to bring you everything Pam, we have the web's largest Pamela Anderson Photo Gallery, the very latest news as it happens, the most active Pam forums, and so much more. Pamela Anderson Online is truly your number one source for the VIP Baywatch Beauty. Pamela’s New Commercial Airel Winter Christopher Leroy David Hasselfhoff DWTS France Fan Expo Hans Klok Jon Peters Julain Assange Ride-Hail Sergie Polunin Super Hero Movie Sylveser Stallone © Pamela Anderson Online / Theme by Sin21 / Back to top / Homepage	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1017
__label__wiki	0.627162	0.627162	Bolton Is Out, What’s Next? Bolton was Trump’s point of contact with the underworld of the establishment. Today, caution is a priority FeaturedNorth AmericaPolitics By Rafael Valera Last updated Sep 17, 2019 John Bolton, former U.S. National Security Advisor (Photo: Flickr). Spanish – John Bolton has finally left the Trump administration. According to the president’s announcement, this decision was owing to the differences of interests of the government and the veteran neocon. Bolton has extensive experience in foreign policy, but not necessarily a good one. His background is a mixture of being an apologist for warmongering and incisive empiricism, a lethal macrocosm for those who seek to consolidate the administration’s supposedly anti-interventionist stance. Bolton has been costly for the United States as he was the master of ceremonies of the Iraq war which only worsened the conflict in the Middle East and caused the United States to face ridicule, and the cheerleader of the infamous conflict in Libya that further exacerbated under Hillary Clinton. Furthermore, it cost Bolton his respect, and thousands of soldiers lost their lives. When the tensions between Iran and the United States escalated after the airstrike, the then advisor acted as the devil on the shoulder, who counseled – instead tormented – Trump to counterattack even though the consequences would be much worse than those in Iraq. On the subject of Venezuela, the Bolton-Abrams duo created a void that caused more harm than good. After five months, “all the cards are on the table” (1) actually meant “all the tweets are on the table.” (2) Bolton was deeply frustrating because of his erratic actions and the unhealthy proximity between Chavismo, and Elliott Abrams and Mauricio Claver-Carone, encouraged by the Venezuelan socialist opposition they vehemently support. It is as if he “forgot” that chess was played with pieces, and not with rodents. Moreover, there is no point in demanding anything from Bolton; he can’ t do much more. The old page doesn’t tell the whole story, so let’s go into the new chapter. Donald Trump doesn’t need a hawk; he needs a man to help him achieve the balance between the promises of his campaign and the execution of realistic solutions to problems that will not disappear on their own. In the case of Venezuela (which the Trump administration wants to take care of as soon as possible since it has invested considerable efforts to put an end to the Maduro regime), a clear, aggressive and transcendent policy is necessary. Therefore, as Bolton left, Elliott Abrams and Mauricio Claver-Carone have to go too because they are the nerve that keeps Trump tied to the socialists of the MUD and PSUV -recall the 30th April compromise endorsed by the Council of Foreign Relations. A restructuring of objectives, goals, their hierarchy, and potential scenarios give clarity to this policy. The Trump Administration has targeted Chavista officials by attacking their bank accounts and businesses. However, what about the financiers hiding in the opposition? What about Raul Gorrin, Victor Vargas, and Gustavo Cisneros for example? What about the rest of the frontmen (there are a lot of them)? What about the cases of corruption also perpetrated in allied countries like Brazil and Colombia? Brazil, in particular, can help the United States to give a critical blow to the bases of the regime: drug trafficking, corruption, money laundering, and terrorism. But rethinking goals and restructuring priorities is vital. If transparent accounts preserve friendships, clear objectives ensure success. The type of measure depends on the aggressiveness of the policy. We already know that sanctions cannot be the only measure. The United States needs to oppose dialogue and its eventual pact voraciously. We cannot allow the pact because it would entail the institutionalization of actors engaging in drug trafficking and corruption. Latin American countries must seriously consider a military intervention (not necessarily a classic invasion) as the most preventive solution of all. The proposal of the former diplomat Roger Noriega should be taken very seriously. The ultimate transcendence of politics will require a series of actions without giving peace to the criminal system, including the fifth column that has held the Venezuelan people captive. The United States must understand that armed power is the only thing that can stop the threats of regional narco-communism, which is rapidly expanding. Sanctions will not make a difference as a unique strategy because the PSUV is already mocking them with help from Turkey, Russia, and Iran, and the socialist MUD itself is also ridiculing sanctions in every international political forum. A pact will only open doors to the criminal universe whose epicenter is Venezuela. The United States will not succeed without concentrating its efforts on vigorous, radical action as the situation demands. Bolton was Trump’s point of contact with the underworld of the establishment. Today, the president must be very cautious when appointing his new National Security Advisor. Whether it may be Lou Dobbs or Doug Macgregor, applying the same double standards as Bolton did with Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela would be a mistake that would prevent, or make it difficult to resolve conflict in the volatile geopolitical scenario that we face. This policy for Venezuela can succeed if – and I want to stress – only if we work with different people, not the ones we were previously hopeful about. We can’t work with the MUD in Venezuela. Trump’s government can’t work, under any circumstances, with the same people who want to sabotage his policies – this goes for both Americans and Venezuelans. Beyond John R. Bolton’s antagonistic positions on the America First agenda, part of the reason for his failure was to work with gravely toxic and malicious elements in the case of Venezuela. It’s time for Trump to work with real allies who genuinely oppose the regime. The president of the United States should work with men, not hawks, not rats. Rafael Valera 2 posts 0 comments Hypocrisy in Latin America: They Recognize Guaido But Abandon Venezuela Colombia understands Venezuela’s reality. Will the U.S. learn the hard lessons? What Does Soleimani’s Death Mean for the American Continent? Colombia Can’t Forget FARC Concentration Camps Sabrina Martín Jan 20, 2020	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1018
__label__cc	0.742414	0.257586	FOCUS: A Focus on Patient Education One of the principal missions of the Parkinson Research Foundation that distinguishes it from other Parkinson organizations is a focus on patient education and free onsite and online services that enable Parkinson patients and their caregivers to live fuller and more comfortable lives with Parkinson’s disease. PRF’s Parkinson Place Multidisciplinary Care Program, national and international online outreach, seminars, conferences, and educational activities offer life-changing tools and knowledge for people affected by Parkinson’s disease. About the Parkinson Research Foundation The Parkinson Research Foundation (PRF) is a nonprofit health organization providing Parkinson’s research, advocacy, education and services. PRF is an IRS recognized 501(c)3 organization, and contributions are tax-deductible to the extent permitted by law. The MISSION of the PARKINSON RESEARCH FOUNDATION is to help find a cure for Parkinson’s disease through funding research, while providing education and services that improve the quality of life today for Parkinson patients and their caregivers. To fulfill this mission: The PARKINSON RESEARCH FOUNDATION Advocates for Scientific Research and the Rights of People with Parkinson’s Funds Research Publishes Scientific Findings Funds Educational Conferences Promotes Parkinson Awareness by means of Local and National Outreach & Special Events Provides Funding for PARKINSON PLACE, an 9,000 square foot Multidisciplinary Care Center site in Sarasota, Florida offering over 50 FREE education and participation programs a month as well as ongoing video classes on www.ParkinsonPlace.org for the homebound and those outside the service area. If you have already searched the website and still have questions, please use the contact form to make inquiries. The money raised by the Foundation funds research, advocacy, education and service efforts that will support the more than 1 million people with Parkinson’s throughout the United States. What is Parkinson's disease? Ozzy Osbourne diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorder - Daily Star Ozzy Osbourne reveals he has Parkinson’s disease: ‘Worst, longest, most painful, miserable year of my life’ - pennlive.com Ozzy Osbourne diagnosis: What is Parkinson’s disease? - Yahoo News UK	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1020
__label__wiki	0.938213	0.938213	by Noah Yoo Gossip’s Beth Ditto Shares New Song “Fire,” Off Her Debut Solo Album: Listen Ditto’s first post-Gossip LP Fake Sugar is due out later this year Photo by David M. Benett/Dave Benett/Getty Images Former Gossip frontwoman Beth Ditto is set to release her debut solo album, Fake Sugar, later this year. Earlier today she appeared on Mistajam’s show on BBC Radio 1 to premiere the first song. Listen to “Fire” below, as well as her full interview with Mistajam. According to Ditto, the new album took two years and writing “65 to 80 songs” to accomplish, and will include some songs written with producer Jacknife Lee (U2, R.E.M., Weezer). Gossip’s last album before they broke up, A Joyful Noise, was released in 2012. The album was produced by Jennifer Decilveo. In a conversation with Pitchfork, Ditto called the album “my Southern record but not necessarily a country record.” Ditto has done a series of one-offs as a solo artist, including a 2011 EP and a David Bowie cover to benefit Girls Rock Camp Foundation. Gossip's last album A Joyful Noise was released in 2012. She also launched a clothing line in 2016. Read our interview about it. Embedded content is unavailable. Beth Ditto: 05-04 Berlin, Germany - Lido 10-04 Paris, France - Flow 11-04 London, England - Omeara	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1024
__label__wiki	0.512781	0.512781	PJOHNS aims to provide local and overseas otolaryngologists, other surgeons and physicians, health and allied medical professionals, academicians and scientists from other disciplines, with a scholarly forum for the exchange of ideas and information in the discipline of otolaryngology - head and neck medicine and surgery and related fields that are especially relevant to health professionals in the Philippine and Asia Pacific context. It publishes peer-reviewed original articles (including clinical trials, laboratory investigations, effectiveness of diagnostic or therapeutic techniques); evidence-based medicine (including clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, evaluations of current practices and commentaries); case reports with discussions; surgical and instrumentation innovations and illustrations of new techniques; review articles; imaging and histopathology cases; lectures and symposia; brief reports and abstracts; correspondence and guest editorials and studies relating to behavioral, epidemiological, educational or controversial issues in otolaryngology - head and neck medicine and surgery and related fields. We are particularly committed to publishing research and innovations for health that are relevant in low and middle-income countries. Manuscripts should be submitted via the editorial online submission and peer-review system available at https://pjohns.pso-hns. org/index.php/pjohns. Authors must first register to use the site. There are NO article processing charges or fees for submission, editing, review, and publication. Authors must submit, along with the manuscript, scanned duly-accomplished authorship statements, disclosure statements and copyright transfer forms explained under the “Instructions to Authors” section of the journal, available in print with each issue, or online from http://journal.pso-hns.org/author-forms/ No manuscript will be reviewed until the signed authorship and disclosure statements and copyright transfer forms are received. Manuscripts are subjected to iThenticate® plagiarism detection software and reviewed by editors and other experts in the field and may be proofread, content- and form- edited and returned for revision. Manuscripts are subjected to a double blinded external peer-review process, guided by the “Responsibilities and Rights of Peer Reviewers” contained in the Editorial Policy Statements Approved by the Council of Science Editors Board of Directors available from: https://www. councilscienceeditors.org/. Reviewers must maintain confidentiality about the manuscripts and should not use data from such manuscripts or share such data with colleagues before they are published. Reviewers must not reproduce the manuscript for any purpose or use the peer review process as a means to further their own research aims, by requiring authors to respond to questions that are of interest to the reviewer but are not questions the study was designed to answer. Reviewers should refrain from suggesting their own published work be referenced. The Journal is published semiannually in paid print and free open access electronic versions; subscribers will receive two printed issues per year plus supplements on special topics. PSOHNS Fellows in good standing are automatically enrolled subscribers with no additional fees except for the supplements. Non-fellows may subscribe to print copies at the following rates, which include delivery fees. Institutional (multiple-reader rates) apply to libraries, schools, hospitals, and government, commercial and private institutions and organizations. Individual subscriptions must be in the name of, billed to, and paid by individuals. 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Further, authors certify that to the best of their knowledge, their article is free of libelous, unlawful or actionable contents.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1026
__label__cc	0.643852	0.356148	The Museum is conveniently located on the historic Park Blocks in the center of downtown Portland, which is easy to get around by public transit or on foot. The Portland Business Alliance has installed way-finding signs which direct you to the cultural district, where the Museum is located. The Willamette River divides the City of Portland into east and west districts. The Portland Art Museum is roughly 12 blocks south of West Burnside Street and nine blocks west of the Willamette River. (Park Avenue is the same as 9th Avenue). The Museum is bounded by SW Park Avenue to the east, 10th Avenue to the west, Jefferson Street to the south, and Main Street to the north. To plan a trip to Portland, be sure to visit travelportland.com for information on travel specials and hotel offers. Thanks to forward-thinking city officials and an economical, easy-to-use transit system, it couldn’t be easier to get to the Museum by public transportation. The bus and streetcar travel directly past the Museum, and the MAX light rail has a stop only four blocks away. TriMet’s Trip Planner gives you step-by-step travel directions from your location by bus, light rail, or streetcar. Bus map and schedule MAX Light Rail map and schedule Portland Streetcar map and schedule Transportation assistance is available through TriMet’s network of fully accessible bus and MAX lines and its LIFT service, which is available for trips where a disability prevents the use of bus or MAX.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1031
__label__wiki	0.597458	0.597458	Power Metals’ Joint-Venture Partner MGX Minerals Announces Engagement of Dr. James Blencoe to Develop Lithium Extraction Method from Spodumene; Case Lake Lithium Project Drill Core to be Tested access_time March 8, 2018 VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA – (March 8th, 2018) -Power Metals Corp. (“Power Metals Corp.” or the “Company”) (TSX VENTURE:PWM)(FRANKFURT:OAA1)(OTC:PWRMF) is pleased to announce that 20% working interest partner MGX Minerals Inc. (CSE:XMG) has executed a Letter of Intent (the “LOI”) with Orion Laboratories (“Orion”) of Rockford, Tennessee and Light Metals International Inc. (“LMI”) to jointly develop and commercialize a new method of extraction of lithium compounds from spodumene (hard rock) material or concentrate. LMI has developed a patent-pending method to rapidly manufacture lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and/or lithium hydroxide (LiOH) from a variety of spodumene-rich (LiAlSi2O6) concentrates. The technology is modular and highly scalable, thereby enabling a small “factory footprint,” and holds the potential to decrease overall hard-rock lithium production costs. Unique features of the technology include: Only three feedstock materials are required:(i) a spodumene concentrate, to produce high-purity Li2CO3 and/or high-purity LiOH; (ii) high-purity CO2, which is consumed in forming Li2CO3; and (iii) high-purity H2O, which is consumed in forming LiOH. Creates three potentially saleable high-purity products: Li2CO3 and/or LiOH, aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3, and amorphous silica, SiO2. Eliminates use of conventional sulfuric acid leaching Modular capabilities allow for scalable and remote deployment Orion and LMI are led by Dr. James G. Blencoe. Mr. Blencoe has more than 40 years of experience designing, constructing, operating and maintaining specialized equipment for advanced chemical production. He is considered a foremost expert on thermophysical properties and phase relations of solids, liquids and gases. Mr. Blencoe has developed numerous techniques for the precise and accurate control and measurement of chemical composition in actively-reacting open and closed systems. Prior to entering the private sector as Founder, President and CEO of Orion Laboratories, LLC, he spent 24 years working at the renowned Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee and nine years working at Pennsylvania State University. Mr. Blencoe has published more than 50 articles and reports in leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and technical magazines. Mr. Blencoe earned a B.S. degree in Mining Engineering from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in 1968, and a Ph.D. degree in Geology from Stanford University in 1974. Power Metals has agreed to provide a 10-kilogram spodumene sample of mineralized material originating from the Company’s Case Lake lithium project in Ontario, which will be used to perform initial bench-scale laboratory testing. “The success of our Case Lake, Ontario joint venture has led us to review new metallurgical methods that have the potential to significantly reduce the costs and equipment required for extraction of the principle spodumene elements lithium, aluminum, and silica,” said MGX President and CEO Jared Lazerson. “We believe Dr. Blencoe has a firm understanding of the thermochemical requirements to achieve such a goal.” Johnathan More, Chairman of Power Metals, stated “MGX Minerals is forefront in identifying and developing mineral extraction technologies. The huge success to date at our Case Lake lithium property is now looking at methods through technology advancements that will give us a leg up in optimizing our maximum lithium recovery from our hard rock. This new technology presented by MGX has the potential to be game changing in both optimal lithium recovery as well as cost savings and efficiency.” Case Lake Property is located in Steele and Case townships, 80 km east of Cochrane, NE Ontario close to the Ontario-Quebec border. The Case Lake pegmatite swarm consists of five dykes: North, Main, South, East and Northeast Dykes. The Northeast Dyke contains very coarse-grained spodumene. Power Metals has an 80% interest with its 20% working interest partner MGX Minerals Corp. arrow_backwardView previous February 22, 2018 Power Metals Completes Drilling at… arrow_forwardView next March 26, 2018 Power Metals Prepares to Ship Case…	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1032
__label__cc	0.660931	0.339069	Rebekah Ryanne Wu Assistant Professor of Medicine Campus mail: 104427, Durham, NC 27710 Dr. Wu is an internal medicine physician and health services researcher. Her main research interest is the use of precision medicine applications to improve clinical care. She is involved in projects currently looking at a patient-facing family history risk assessment tool, MeTree, which provides individualized risk stratification and clinical decision support recommendations to clinicians and patients. In addition she is also involved in a large scale sequencing project in Singapore looking at the intersection of family health history and genomics to better understand how these data elements can complement one another and create more precise risk predictions. Dr. Wu is also a program director at the Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center at the Durham VA Medical Center where she leads a team coordinating the VA's research efforts in understanding Gulf War Illness. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, M.D. 2006 Georgetown University School of Medicine, Resident, Internal Medicine Georgetown University School of Medicine, Chief Resident, Internal Medicine Selected Grants and Awards Building and Deploying a Genomic-Medicine Risk Assessment Model for Diverse Primary Care Populations. Implementation, Adoption, and Utility of Family History in Diverse Care Settings	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1034
__label__wiki	0.807435	0.807435	Tag: Jason Gonzales How I will fill out my Illinois Democratic primary ballot on March 15 (plus other Illinois endorsements) On March 15, I will be a Democratic primary voter in the State of Illinois, Vermilion County, Georgetown Township, Precinct 7. My precinct includes parts of my hometown of Westville, Illinois. Below is a complete list of races on my ballot (for the presidential and U.S. Senate races, the order in which candidates are listed on the ballot for a particular race may vary from one part of the state to another), as well as which candidates I will vote for (if any). There are six candidates on the Illinois Democratic presidential primary ballot: Hillary Clinton, Willie Wilson, Martin O’Malley, Rocky de la Fuente, Larry Cohen, and Bernie Sanders, from top to bottom. Additionally, there is a line available for write-in candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination, although I know of no write-in candidates who have filed official paperwork to run as such. I will vote for Bernie Sanders. Bernie is the only candidate who strongly supports raising the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour, making higher education tuition-free, restoring American manufacturing jobs, and protecting America’s environment. In the extremely unlikely circumstance that Bernie were to drop out of the presidential race before March 15, I would write-in the name of an individual who is not running for president, although I won’t publicly name that individual. In any case, I will vote for the Democratic presidential nominee in the November general election. There are three candidates seeking the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate seat currently held by Republican Mark Kirk: Andrea Zopp, Tammy Duckworth, and Napoleon Harris, from top to bottom. I will vote for Tammy Duckworth. There’s not really a progressive candidate in this race, but Duckworth served our nation during the Iraq War as a Black Hawk helicopter pilot, and Duckworth will stand up for those who served our country in uniform if elected to the U.S. Senate. Andrea Zopp voted for Rahm Emanuel’s school closing scheme in Chicago as an appointed Chicago school board member, and Napoleon Harris refused to vote for marriage equality as a member of the Illinois General Assembly. Illinois Comptroller (Special Election) This is a special election for the last two years of what would have been Republican Judy Baar Topinka’s second term as Illinois Comptroller (Topinka died not long after being re-elected in 2014). The current Illinois Comptroller is Leslie Munger, who was appointed to the Comptroller’s office by Republican Governor Bruce Rauner. There is only one Democrat seeking the party’s nomination for this office (Susana Mendoza), so I’ll leave this race blank for the primary, since I think that it’s worthless to vote for a candidate in an uncontested race. I will vote for Mendoza in the special general election in November, however, as she will face opposition from Munger in the special general election. United States Representative – 15th Congressional District No Democrat filed to run for this office. Delegates to the Democratic National Convention – 15th Congressional District Illinois is unusual in that Democratic primary voters are asked to vote for both a presidential candidate and delegates to the Democratic National Convention. Delegates are elected by voters in each of Illinois’s 18 congressional districts, although I’m not sure of the exact formula that is used. There are seven individuals who have filed for four delegate slots out of the 15th Congressional District: four delegates pledged to Hillary, one delegate pledged to O’Malley, and three delegates pledged to Bernie. Democratic voters in the 15th Congressional District can vote for as many as four delegates. I will vote for the three Bernie Sanders delegates (Cory Douglas, Amanda Benefiel, and Barbara Lawrence), and I will also vote for Hillary Clinton delegate Ann Sykes. Since I’m voting for Bernie in the presidential preference poll, I’m obviously going to vote for Bernie’s delegate slate here in the 15th Congressional District, and I’m grateful that Douglas, Benefiel, and Lawrence are supporting a fantastic presidential candidate in Bernie. However, since Bernie is one delegate short of a full slate here in the 15th Congressional District, that gives me three options: either vote for only the three Bernie delegates, vote for three Bernie delegates and O’Malley delegate John Warner, or vote for the three Bernie delegates and one of the Hillary delegates. I’ve decided on the latter-most of those three options, and my vote for Hillary delegate Ann Sykes will be a tribute to the late former Vermilion County Clerk and incredible public servant Lynn Foster, who passed away not long ago (Sykes worked for Foster when she was county clerk here in my home county). Illinois Senate – 52nd Legislative District (4-year term) There is only one candidate on the ballot in this race (incumbent State Senator Scott Bennett, who was appointed to the seat after Mike Frerichs was elected Illinois Treasurer), so I’ll leave this race blank for the primary, although Bennett will get my vote in the November general election, as he’ll be going up against Republican Mike Madigan in November. Illinois House of Representatives – 104th Representative District Vermilion County Circuit Clerk Vermilion County Recorder Vermilion County State’s Attorney Despite this being an open seat due to the Republican incumbent retiring, no Democrat filed to run for this office. Vermilion County Auditor There is only one Democratic candidate seeking this office (incumbent county auditor Linda Lucas-Anstey, the only Democrat to hold a county-wide office in Vermilion County), so I’ll leave this race blank for the primary, although I will vote for Lucas-Anstey in the general election. Vermilion County Coroner Although we don’t get too many Democrats running for county-wide office here in Vermilion County, there is a competitive primary for county coroner (believe it or not, Illinois county coroners are elected in officially-partisan races). There are two Democrats running for coroner: Steve Cornett, the Village of Tilton police chief, and Butch Fields, a paramedic from Tilton. I will vote for Steve Cornett. Butch Fields is a convicted arsonist, so that completely disqualifies him from receiving my vote in a Democratic primary, although I will vote for the Democratic nominee in November. Vermilion County Board of Supervisors – County Board District 4 There are two seats up for election in Vermilion County Board District 4, and there are two Democrats running for the party’s nomination in the district, which includes all of Georgetown, Love, and McKendree townships in Vermilion County. There are two candidates seeking the Democratic nomination in this race: Dale Ghibaudy and John Barton. In county board races in Illinois, voters in the Democratic primary can vote for as many Democrats as the number of county board seats in their district that are up for election (in my district this year, this is two, although this number varies from one Illinois county to another, as well as within Illinois counties and from one election cycle to the next). Although both Dale Ghibaudy and John Barton will be on the November general election ballot, I’m not sure if one candidate receiving more votes than the other would have any affect on general election ballot placement, so I will vote for Dale Ghibaudy. I know absolutely nothing about John Barton, and I know extremely little about Dale Ghibaudy outside of the fact that I attended high school with two people of the same last name (Kody and Karly Ghibaudy, who are siblings, but I’m not sure how they’re related to Dale, if at all). Vermilion County Democratic Party Precinct Committeeman – Georgetown Township Precinct 7 In my home precinct, no candidate filed for a Democratic Party precinct committeeman slot. Georgetown Township Precinct 7 includes parts of the Village of Westville in Vermilion County, as well as some rural areas immediately to the west and east of Westville. Additionally, I want to take this opportunity to endorse candidates seeking Democratic nominations in other parts of Illinois. Please note that I do not live in any of the constituencies listed here, so I am encouraging people who live in an area of Illinois where one or more of these races are on the ballot to vote for the candidates that I’m endorsing. The two U.S. House races where I’m endorsing a candidate are in the Chicago suburbs, whereas the state house and state’s attorney races where I’m endorsing a candidate are all in Cook County. United States Representative – 8th Congressional District I endorse Michael Noland in Illinois’s 8th Congressional District. As an Illinois State Senator, Noland has been a strong champion of good government and ethics reform, and he’ll bring his pro-good government mindset to Washington if nominated and elected. A while back, I endorsed Nancy Rotering in Illinois’s 10th Congressional District, so, for the sake of completion, I’ll reiterate my endorsement of Rotering on here. As mayor of Highland Park, a Chicago suburb located in Lake County, Rotering helped to provide legal aid to people who couldn’t afford to sue their landlord after their landlord wronged them. Rotering’s Democratic primary opponent, Brad Schneider, is a D.C. insider who opposes President Obama’s deal to keep nuclear weapons out of Iranian hands. Illinois House of Representatives – 5th Representative District This race pits incumbent State Representative Ken Dunkin, a Raunercrat (i.e., a Democrat who is a political ally of Republican Governor Bruce Rauner), against primary challenger Juliana Stratton. I endorse Juliana Stratton in Illinois’s 5th Representative District. Ken Dunkin has voted with Bruce Rauner in opposition to funding child care and other important state government services, and Dunkin has benefited from big-money Rauner allies like Dan Proft. Illinois House of Representatives – 22nd Representative District This race pits powerful State House Speaker Mike Madigan (not the same Mike Madigan who is running as a Republican in the 52nd Legislative District state senate race) against primary challenger Jason Gonzales and two other primary challengers planted by Madigan in an attempt to split the anti-Madigan vote in the Democratic primary. I endorse Jason Gonzales in Illinois’s 22nd Representative District. Madigan is anti-abortion, supported a pension theft bill that was unanimously struck down by the Illinois Supreme Court, has strongly opposed many common-sense good government measures, such as independent redistricting and term limits, and supports corporate-minded politicians like Rahm Emanuel. Illinois House of Representatives – 26th Representative District This race pits incumbent State Representative Christian Mitchell against Jay Travis, who nearly defeated Mitchell in the 2014 Democratic primary for this seat. I endorse Jay Travis in the 26th Representative District. Christian Mitchell has taken money from the same anti-public education/pro-school voucher lobby that supports far-right Republicans like Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker. Cook County State’s Attorney This race pits incumbent Cook County State’s Attorney Anita Alvarez against primary challengers Kim Foxx and Donna More. I endorsed Kim Foxx for Cook County State’s Attorney a while back, so I’ll reiterate that endorsement here for the sake of completion. If nominated and elected, Foxx will restore public trust in the Cook County State’s Attorney’s office. Anita Alvarez played a key role in hiding the video of the police shooting of LaQuan McDonald for many months, and Donna More donated to Bruce Rauner’s 2014 gubernatorial campaign. Saturday, March 5, 2016 Wednesday, March 16, 2016 Amanda Benefiel Andrea Zopp Ann Sykes Barbara Lawrence Bernie delegate Butch Fields Cook County State's Attorney Cory Douglas Dale Ghibaudy delegate slate Democratic presidential nomination Donna More Georgetown Township IL Hillary delegate IL-HD-22 IL-HD-5 IL-Local IL-Sen Jason Gonzales Jay Travis John Barton Juliana Stratton Ken Dunkin Kim Foxx Michael Noland Mike Madigan Nancy Rotering Napoleon Harris Steve Cornett Vermilion County IL Vermilion County IL Board Vermilion County IL Coroner Westville IL	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1035
__label__wiki	0.879225	0.879225	Biography CV of President Kersti Kaljulaid Oath of the President President Kaljulaid took the oath of office on 10 October 2016 Legal authority Excerpts from legal acts governing the President’s official duties Patronage Organizations and projects supported by the Head of State Institutions Institutions under the jurisdiction of the President of the Republic Speeches Unabridged text of speeches delivered by the Head of State in Estonia and abroad Visits Overview of state visits, official visits and working visits made by the President to other countries Decorations Recipients of Estonian state decorations. Proposals for bestowing decorations. Press Releases Press releases from the Office of the President Statements Statements by the President of the Republic Interviews, Articles President Kaljulaid in the Estonian and foreign media Bibliography Speeches, articles and interviews published in print, also overviews of the President’s public activities Videos Video recordings of presidential speeches and public messages, interviews and other events Photo album Photo albums arranged by event Declaration of Independence Adopted by the Estonian Provincial Assembly’s council of elders on 24 February 1918 The Constitution The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, adopted on 28 June 1992 Symbols The Estonian flag, coat of arms and national anthem, and legal acts on state insignia Estonia Links to other government institutions, the citizen’s portal and Estonian Public Broadcasting Heads of State Heads of state from 1918, through the years of occupation, until restoration of independence Meeting with the defence minister of Germany	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1036
__label__cc	0.701362	0.298638	Mississippi Prisons Still Barbaric – No Matter Who Runs Them A major portion of my PhD dissertation research involved the federal court reform of Parchman Prison Farm in Mississippi during the 1970s. I present the judicial history of Judge William Keady’s historic leadership role in the transformation of Mississippi’s prison farm toward constitutionality. The legislature provided the major roadblock. Up until that time, state legislators did not have to provide funds for the prison, since the prison not only provided money for its own operation but also provided profits. Legislators in Mississippi did not want to take tax money from law-abiding citizens to run a constitutional prison. Ultimately, the work of Judge Keady and his court’s oversight created a constitutional prison farm (even though Parchman had to remain under federal court supervision for decades). Fast forward to 2013. State officials merely built more prisons to deal with the overflow of their farms. Governments slowly moved these prisons, especially in states like Mississippi and Louisiana, to the private sector, helping create the prison industrial complex we have today. This was not a move in the name of humanity, however. For governments simply wanted a way to continue building more beds for prisoners and not revisit their crude and outdated sentencing laws. They could continue winning elections in red states by being “tough on crime.” Looks like these private corporations running the prisons are having their own issues with the constitution. According to the Clarion-Ledger, a federal law suit from the ACLU and the Southern Poverty Law Center claims that inmates at the East Mississippi Correctional Facility, near Meridian, MS, are experiencing “barbaric” conditions, where prison officials are not allowing the prisoners access to health and mental facilities. For an closer look at the prison, take a look at this blog written by someone with a loved one in EMCF. Interestingly, to settle a law suit, the ACLU agreed with prison officials moving mentally handicapped prisoners to EMCF in 2000 from the infamous Unit 32 of Parchman Farm. The ACLU blog features a post of a letter written by an inmate at the EMCF who claims to have been raped in the prison. It’s a brutal, but all to common, read. Inmates held him hostage for several hours in his cell by knifepoint. I was raped from 11:30pm @nite until 3:30am in the morning by one other prisoner. As he raped me continuously all I could do was cry because one false move and I knew this guy would take my life. After being a victim of rape by another male I am suffering still from anxiety, depression and stress issues because of this attack. The inmate then writes about his reasons for being in jail, blaming himself at times for what happened. I was hurt very badly and sometimes I feel like it’s my fault but at the end of the day I know it wasn’t. We all know where the blame should be focused. While not being named a defendant in the suit, Management and Training Corporation of Centerville, Utah run the prison. MTC, according to their website, is the world’s third largest private operator of prisons. It remains to be seen how the MTC will be brought into this case. I will certainly be keeping up with the litigation, so stay tuned for more updates. This entry was posted in Prison Conditions and tagged ACLU, East Mississippi Correctional Facility, Management and Training Corporation, Mississippi, prison brutality, prison rape, Private Prisons, SPLC on May 31, 2013 by Gregory. ← Death Penalty Not Worth the Economic–or Moral–Cost to Society Maryland Death Penalty Repeal On Schedule →	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1037
__label__cc	0.736947	0.263053	PATHWAYS CARPINTERIA COASTLAND Not long ago, the idea of running an operating foundation that served children and youth was just an idea and a dream of our founders. They knew that if they were going to see that dream become a reality, they would need to build the right team to help. Pro Deo Foundation’s mission is too critical not to bring in the best people possible. With the team in place, we are confident that we have the right people in place to help us work towards our mission for years to come. Our team is a small group of men and women who are passionate about using our skills and gifts effectively, and we are dedicated and committed to finding ways to create the pathways necessary for the children and youth of Santa Barbara County to flourish. A small group of thoughtful people could change the world. Indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has. ~Margaret Mead Click on a photo to learn more about each of us. Chris Pritchett Devon Pritchett G Torres Chris’ passion and life commitment come from a simple opening line of a Mary Oliver poem: My work is loving the world. A native of Southern California, Chris experienced both the joys and thrills of a playful childhood, and the ongoing redemption of Christ in every aspect of his life. Trained as a Presbyterian Pastor (PCUSA), Chris has served churches in Southern California and Washington, most recently as senior pastor of John Knox Presbyterian Church in Seattle. He is currently serving as parish associate at Summerland Presbyterian Church and serving on the board of the Henri Nouwen Society while leading the Pro Deo Foundation. Chris holds degrees from Westmont College, Fuller and Princeton Seminaries and is currently working on his doctorate in global leadership from Portland Seminary. He is interested in social entrepreneurship and innovation, as well as the practice of institutional leadership as a necessary vehicle for the transformation of lives and the common good of society. Chris met his wife, Devon, at Westmont, and together they enjoy an active lifestyle with their three children, Hannah, Abby, and Lucas. They currently live in Carpinteria, CA. His other pursuits include driving to soccer fields, surfing, hiking, traveling, contemplative practice, enjoying a local craft IPA, making cold-processed artisan soap. email:chris@prodeofoundation.org After 26 years of running youth programs and communications for churches, Dave joins the Pro Deo Foundation as the Director of Communication and Programs. He not only brings a wealth of experience working in a non-profit sector but also a passion for seeing children and youth flourish. Dave is married to Rachel and together they have two daughters who keep life busy and full. Outside of his work for the foundation, Dave enjoys soccer, spending time at the beach, cooking, and being with his family. email:dave@prodeofoundation.org Rachel brings years of experience as a small business owner and entrepreneur with her to the Pro Deo Foundation. She will put the skills she honed as an entrepreneur to work for Pro Deo as our assistant program director. Rachel has a wealth of ideas and gifts that will help us create innovative and effective programs for kids. Rachel is married with two daughters, and outside of work, she enjoys being creative, spending time in the sun at the beach and being with her family. email:rachel@prodeofoundation.org Bio coming soon email:devon@prodeofoundation.org Bio for G is coming soon email:g@restoring.us RELATIONAL DAD The Pro Deo Foundation is a registered 501(C)(3) nonprofit organization. All donations are tax-deductible to the full extent of the law. EIN 82-5061541 Copyright 2018 Pro Deo Foundation ut elit. mattis ultricies facilisis Praesent felis leo Praesent leo.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1040
__label__wiki	0.514777	0.514777	Seeing the Changes 88 The Red valerian (Centhranthus ruber) is coming into flower on a wall in Mumbles. The hoverfly Syrphus ribesii was flitting in this area and Oak trees had both Oak apples (galls of the wasp Biorhiza pallida) and Current galls (caused by the the sexual generation of the gall wasp Neuroterus quercusbaccarum). Birder's Bonus 18 Testosterone levels have been boosted by the increasing day-length in feral Domestic pigeon (Columba livia) as the males are repeatedly making the bow-coo in Mumbles. It must be high summer as we already have a report of a 'crocodile' being seen in Pluck Lake on Swansea Enterprise Park by a local fisherman (http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/displayNode.jsp?nodeId=161366&command=displayContent&sourceNode=258861&home=yes&more_nodeId1=161375&contentPK=20490119). It is possible that one of these reptiles (Caiman, Alligator and Crocodiles are all closely related) could have been illegally released by an owner who found that the 'cute' baby was getting too big for its container and too expensive to feed (as has been the case in some US cities where the animals apparently turn up in the sewers) but these cold-blooded animals would find it difficult to survive even at this time of the year (they slow down, making feeding difficult- such animals reportedly stop eating around 22 degrees Centigrade). Although water does retain heat, they certainly would not survive a winter. It seems more likely to have been a long and scaley fish, half hidden in the water (some exotic lizards and snakes will also swim in fresh water). It could even be a log or an otter. Either way, we will not have a viable population of these ancient reptiles grabbing joggers and small dogs as they pass the lake. If it was a crocodile, it is not long for this world! Excitement was such that this item reached the august pages of the Sun (http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article1110358.ece). Please note how the actual 'facts' are changed in relation to this posting (never let anything stand in the way of a 'good' story!). My first St Mark's fly (Bibio marci) of the year spotted in Bynea, a little late for St Mark's day (April 25th). In Loughor, Lords and Ladies (Arum maculatum) were spotted. The Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) twig in Loughor is green for go! Apple (Malus domestica) is in blossom in that locality along with Black medick (Medicago lupulina) and Yellow oxalis (Oxalis corniculata). Ground nesting bees in my garden were revealed as Dasypoda altercator. The Honey bee (Apis mellifera) was busy on Dandelion here. The introduced Lilac (Syringa vulgaris), the Field maple (Acer campestre) and Elder (Sambucus nigra) are in leaf and in flower in Bynea. The Bumble bee Bombus lapidarius was active here on Red clover and a hunting spider on the water surface. Changing forgetmenot (Myosotis discolor) was spotted in Bynea. The escapee Hoary stock (Matthiola incana) and Lilac ivy-leaved speedwell (Veronica hederifolia) were seen in Loughor. Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) was prominent in Swansea and Holly blue (Celestrina argiolus) and Orange-tip (Anthocharis cardamines) butterflies were in flight. The latter was also in Bynea. Donkey Hotel There seems to be quite a debate brewing about the news that the Donkey Sanctuary in Sidmouth Devon (http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/site/1/Donkey_Watch.html) apparently receives about £20m in annual donations from the UK public and around 160,000 visitors per year. It has been pointed out (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/apr/25/gender.charitablegiving) that this means that the UK public apparently feels more willing to support a body largely devoted to the welfare of a domesticated animal species (although they also encourage 'therapeutic riding' for special needs children) than all the charities concerned with dealing with violence to women. The UK obsession with animals is, however, nothing new. We have had for more than 100 years a Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and a National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, that receive rather similar levels of public support. Charity is actually a very competitive business. It is easy to dismiss the British support for the donkey as a national quirk but many of the retired folk with cash (and these are major donors) may have remembered donkeys from their childhood seaside holidays (the first big animal they had actually touched or even ridden?). Perhaps there are religious echos from bible lessons or even rememberings of Nina and Frederick's most famous record. There also seems a prevailing view in some circles in this country that charity should be directed to the genuinely voiceless, with government financing issues concerned with human welfare. It would be instructive to gain a better understanding of the reasons why people make charitable donations. Lots of the trees around Swansea University seems to be further advanced than those in Bynea and Loughor. Black poplar (Populus nigra) and Penduculate oak (Quercus robur) have both leaves and catkins. The Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) have impressive leaf displays. In addition to the usual suspects, Common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), Mouse-ear hawkweed (Pilosella officinarum), Yellow corydalis (Pseudofumaria lutea), Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and French cranesbill (Geranium endressii) are in flower. Flutteredby? Many UK butterfly species appear to be in a parlous state after the washout summer of 2007 (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7363411.stm). The rain didn't give these ephemeral insects sufficient time to feed and breed, leading to the suggestion that some marginal populations will need a good summer in 2008 to recover their numbers or they may well disappear. The needs of most butterflies are many and varied generally including basking areas, flowers for the adults to refuel on nectar, periods of calm sunshine so they can fly to locate and interact with a mate, plants on which the female can lay eggs for the resulting hatched larvae to consume, pupation sites etc. Some, like the Large blue (Maculinea arion), depend on complex relationships with host Red ant colonies (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3568321.stm). The point is, that untimely weather can have a serious impact on these much appreciated animals. They also have to deal with urbanisation, fungal infections, spiders, insect-eating birds, parasitic wasps etc etc. It's presumably why they are regarded as sensitive indicators of environmental change. Discovered a new home for the nest of Blue tits (Parus caeruleus) in my garden. They drop in through the top of an ornamental vase! In Loughor, the Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) bud is virtually ready to go and the Shining cranesbill (Geranium lucidum) has been out for a while (2 weeks). Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum) and Sea plantain (Plantago maritima) have also emerged in Bynea. Maybe Baby The news report (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7358384.stm) that first time mothers who have a high calorie diet are more likely to give birth to a boy than a girl is a simple extrapolation from animal studies with beasts like the Red deer. In such animals, it has been shown that dominant does (who are presumably well-nourished) are more likely to produce a stag rather than give birth to another female. The (rather speculative but intriguing) presumed reason for this is that a successful male offspring in this polygynous species (stags compete for entire herds of females) will pass on more copies of his mother's genes by fertilising them all than a female offspring ever could (she generally would produce only one offspring per year of her breeding life). So it pays for the female to invest more in rearing a male offspring. There are one or two difficulties in the interpretation of this recent human data. The first is that it is not absolutely certain that the animal phenomenon depends only on nutrition (there could be hormonal influences). Secondly, humans (unless they have a harem) are not generally such obviously polygynous species as are Red deer (you could get the same effect by producing promiscuous male offspring who were attractive to females in general). It used to be claimed that more male children were initially implanted than girls but that the mortality in boys was higher. Perhaps the good diet reduces this male mortality to produce an apparent surplus of boys? It would be interesting to see if the phenomenon applies also to subsequent pregnancies. The first Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum) was in flower in Loughor and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) buds were bursting. In Bynea, saw my first Red dead nettle (Lamium purpureum) and Common vetch (Vicia sativa) of the year. In Swansea, Field pennycress (Thlapsi arvense) was both fruiting and flowering and the Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) is doing its candelabra impersonation. Pills, Potions and Pence It appears initially strange to me that, in the same week that a meta-analysis suggested that our 'health' obsession with vitamins causes, in some cases, more harm (including fatalities) than good (http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/apr/16/medicalresearch), there has apparently been a £200m boost on spending on 'natural' therapies in the UK(http://lifeandhealth.guardian.co.uk/health/story/0,,2275099,00.html). This keenness for 'alternative' therapies is apparently particularly expressed by women over 35 and may be linked to policies that have directed people to discuss some of their health issues with their local pharmacist (many of these 'chemists', in addition to dispensing, do sell vitamin tablets, herbal remedies etc). I have never really quite understood why people assume that 'natural' means good and synthetic means bad. Many toxins (from bacteria, scorpions and snakes) are 'natural' but I wouldn't routinely dose myself with them. Its also weird that people always assume that, if one pill is good for you, 2 will be twice as good etc (this is of particular relevance to the vitamin issue where over-dosing, especially with some of the fat-soluble agents, appears to be a real problem causing liver damage etc). The 'take-home' message on vitamins and necessary trace elements (like selenium) seems to be that the healthiest option is to eat a balanced diet (it will contain all that you need) and, if you can't or don't do that, to go easy on the vitamin tablets. It is recognised that a minority of the herbal remedies do have actual beneficial effects (hardly surprising, as a number of our medical drugs were derived from them) but, even here, it is difficult to know what amounts of active ingredients the preparations contain, to be fully briefed on potential side-effects or be certain that their ingestion does not impair the effectiveness of prescribed clinical agents (especially if you don't tell our doctor that you are taking them). New European legislation on herbal remedies is coming on stream and may prove helpful. It is even odder that homeopathic medicines remain resolutely in vogue when there seems to be no possible biological mechanism for their claimed actions (many contain less active ingredient than distilled water). Placebo actions (that may actually be helpful to some individuals) and the endorsements of supporting celebrities seem to have powerful effects on human behaviour. I am not certain that these are always benign when it comes to health and commerce. Squirreling Away The Meat Course Hoots, It's Yon Red Panda! Moose on the Loose? Have You Got the Balls to be a Market Trader? Badgering the Badger Offensive Hedgehog? Water, Water Everywhere..... 'Splash 'n Dash'	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1041
__label__wiki	0.827237	0.827237	Jon Favreau back for Iron Man 3 (kinda) Jon Favreau will be reprising his role as Happy Hogan in the upcoming Iron Man 3, according to sources at The Hollywood Reporter. After directing the first two Iron Man films, Favreau stepped down to concentrate on other projects. Shane Black was handed the reins in an especially genius decision by Marvel Studios. Black defined 80s buddy action films by penning such classics as Lethal Weapon 1 & 2, The Last Boy Scout and The Long Kiss Goodnight, before restarting Robert Downey Jr.‘s career in his directorial debut Kiss Kiss Bang Bang. It’s not known how large Favreau’s part in Iron Man 3 will be, but let’s hope he isn’t on set too much to interfere with Black (considering his last Iron Man film wasn’t anything to be proud of). Discuss: Are you happy that Happy is back? iron man 3, jon favreau, kiss kiss bang bang, quickflix, robert downey jr., shane black Judy Greer cast in Carrie remake Michael Haneke’s Amour wins Palme d’Or at Cannes	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1044
__label__cc	0.721739	0.278261	Are you greater than our father Jacob? He was the cleverest man alive. He was father to many. He grasped his fathers’ inheritance when it looked to slip through his fingers. He wrestled with God himself. He was a liar and a miser. He was a coward and a hypocrite. He had assets, not friends and family. He failed his little girl when she needed him most. Yes, says the strange, haggard man by the well. And because he says yes, somehow I can say that too. “I respect tough laws. Back home if you steal they’ll cut off your hand. So nobody steals.” So a Palestinian coffee shop owner (perhaps rather stereotypically) vented his frustration to me. A homeless lady had come into his establishment earlier in the day, she’d pretended to look at the menu, and when his back was turned she’d grabbed some muesli bars and drinks and made a run for it. He caught her, but much to his shock the police refused to do anything about it. Less than ten quid meant no charges apparently. So the lady was let off (having pocketed some of the food) and the owner was told to go back to his business. Continue reading “on tough laws” → on the truth in Hong Kong Hong Kong, my home, has seen better days. Protests, demonstrations, street violence, bomb plots, conspiracy theories of all shapes and colours, have shaken us all. One side claims to fight for human rights and freedom, the other claims to fight for stability and order. I haven’t committed myself to either side despite the horrors of the last month or so, but here is what I make of it all: We are, all of us, focusing on the wrong fight. Continue reading “on the truth in Hong Kong” → on the centrality of Jesus “So get rid of all evil behavior. Be done with all deceit, hypocrisy, jealousy, and all unkind speech. Like newborn babies, you must crave pure spiritual milk so that you will grow into a full experience of salvation. Cry out for this nourishment, now that you have had a taste of the Lord’s kindness. You are coming to Christ, who is the living cornerstone of God’s temple. He was rejected by people, but he was chosen by God for great honor. And you are living stones that God is building into his spiritual temple. What’s more, you are his holy priests. Through the mediation of Jesus Christ, you offer spiritual sacrifices that please God. As the Scriptures say, “I am placing a cornerstone in Jerusalem, chosen for great honor, and anyone who trusts in him will never be disgraced.” Yes, you who trust him recognize the honor God has given him. But for those who reject him, “The stone that the builders rejected has now become the cornerstone.” And, “He is the stone that makes people stumble, the rock that makes them fall.” They stumble because they do not obey God’s word, and so they meet the fate that was planned for them. But you are not like that, for you are a chosen people. You are royal priests, a holy nation, God’s very own possession. As a result, you can show others the goodness of God, for he called you out of the darkness into his wonderful light. “Once you had no identity as a people; now you are God’s people. Once you received no mercy; now you have received God’s mercy.” — 1 Peter 2:1-10 “Rid yourselves, then, of all evil; no more lying or hypocrisy or jealousy or insulting language. Be like newborn babies, always thirsty for the pure spiritual milk, so that by drinking it you may grow up and be saved.” I know these words don’t seem very inspiring. They’re probably not what you want to hear first thing in the morning, on your first day back to school. Continue reading “on the centrality of Jesus” → on the naturalness of death Growing up in the 90s first in Canada, then in a westernised bubble in Hong Kong, I heard this idea a lot: death is natural, it’s just another stage of life. It sounds sage, it sounds nice, and reliable people say it – Mama Gump and Mufasa among others. I heard it again tonight at a funeral service for a family friend. ‘We know that death is just another part of life,’ the priest told us. It’s ok, please feel better. My buddy didn’t. The deceased was his uncle. He looked down at his feet as he told me ‘He got baptised before I was even born. I’ve never heard him talk about church even once. What am I supposed to feel about this?’ Continue reading “on the naturalness of death” → on Isaiah 40 “Comfort, comfort my people,” says your God. “Speak tenderly to Jerusalem. Tell her that her sad days are gone and her sins are pardoned. Yes, the LORD has punished her twice over for all her sins.” Listen! It’s the voice of someone shouting, “Clear the way through the wilderness for the LORD! Make a straight highway through the wasteland for our God! Fill in the valleys, and level the mountains and hills. Straighten the curves, and smooth out the rough places. Then the glory of the LORD will be revealed, and all people will see it together. The LORD has spoken!” A voice said, “Shout!” I asked, “What should I shout?” “Shout that people are like the grass. Their beauty fades as quickly as the flowers in a field. The grass withers and the flowers fade beneath the breath of the LORD. And so it is with people. The grass withers and the flowers fade, but the word of our God stands forever.” O Zion, messenger of good news, shout from the mountaintops! Shout it louder, O Jerusalem. Shout, and do not be afraid. Tell the towns of Judah, “Your God is coming!” Yes, the Sovereign LORD is coming in power. He will rule with a powerful arm. See, he brings his reward with him as he comes. He will feed his flock like a shepherd. He will carry the lambs in his arms, holding them close to his heart. He will gently lead the mother sheep with their young. — Isaiah 40:1-11 “Dear Granddaughter It’s strange writing this to you right now, because you’re just a little kid. By the time you’re reading this, I’ll probably be gone. But I want you to remember what I’m now telling you. Continue reading “on Isaiah 40” → on footprints in the sand I’ve heard a story from the mouths of men, of a stretch of sand where two sets of footprints become one – the child is carried by the Lord Jesus in the darkest times, one set of prints instead of two. But I’ve heard other stories. Harder stories. Mightier stories. Continue reading “on footprints in the sand” → on the progress of the gospel As for Philip, an angel of the Lord said to him, “Go south down the desert road that runs from Jerusalem to Gaza.” So he started out, and he met the treasurer of Ethiopia, a eunuch of great authority under the Kandake, the queen of Ethiopia. The eunuch had gone to Jerusalem to worship, and he was now returning. Seated in his carriage, he was reading aloud from the book of the prophet Isaiah. The Holy Spirit said to Philip, “Go over and walk along beside the carriage.” Philip ran over and heard the man reading from the prophet Isaiah. Philip asked, “Do you understand what you are reading?” The man replied, “How can I, unless someone instructs me?” And he urged Philip to come up into the carriage and sit with him. The passage of Scripture he had been reading was this: “He was led like a sheep to the slaughter. And as a lamb is silent before the shearers, he did not open his mouth. He was humiliated and received no justice. Who can speak of his descendants? For his life was taken from the earth.” The eunuch asked Philip, “Tell me, was the prophet talking about himself or someone else?” So beginning with this same Scripture, Philip told him the Good News about Jesus. As they rode along, they came to some water, and the eunuch said, “Look! There’s some water! Why can’t I be baptized?” He ordered the carriage to stop, and they went down into the water, and Philip baptized him. When they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord snatched Philip away. The eunuch never saw him again but went on his way rejoicing. Meanwhile, Philip found himself farther north at the town of Azotus. He preached the Good News there and in every town along the way until he came to Caesarea. — Acts 8:26-40 Growing up in church, I watched quite a lot of Jesus movies. They were alright, they were pretty cheesy but they were earnest and well-meaning, and they told the story of Jesus as best they could. As I grew a bit older, I couldn’t help but notice how Jesus was always a white guy with dirty blonde hair and a gleaming smile. And then came the late 90s and the early 2000s, and almost always you’d get one or two black actors inserted into these movies and TV shows. One TV show had the apostle John played by a black actor, and I clearly remember thinking “Well that seems a bit forced – John was Jewish, definitely not black.” But then again Jesus wasn’t white either. And I would then think about today’s passage; I would say “This story already shows that the gospel is for all people – Jewish, black, white, everyone – there’s no need to play around with racial equality when this passage already deals with that.” Continue reading “on the progress of the gospel” → on Spore and the gospel The sadly underwhelming Spore was a 2008 PC game that allowed the player to experience and guide life from the cellular level right up to interstellar civilisation. You’d start off controlling an amoeba-like creature, absorbing nutrients and running away from larger micro-organisms; then progress to controlling a creature as it hunts for food and dodges predators; then a tribe, then a nation as it warred with its rivals; and finally you’d be planning space missions as your planet-state collected precious cargo or exotic life forms from other star systems. At every single level of play there was something to worry about. Neutralising a source of worry at one stage merely opened up a new horizon of worry: achieving a large enough size on the microbial levels merely meant you’d now have to worry about finding more food (and running from larger predators) to stay alive; achieving safety from predators in a tribe merely meant worrying about other tribes, then other cities, and finally other planets. Achieving what you wanted at each stage did nothing to take away the worry and the challenge. That’s what (supposedly) made the game work, made it playable as a game. And rather depressingly this is the game we are in everyday. Continue reading “on Spore and the gospel” →	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1045
__label__wiki	0.913297	0.913297	Type Language Publication Year Top Authors Research Units Collaborators Open access 1 - 50 out of 244,435 results Laminar boundary layers at the interface of co-current parallel streams Potter, O. E., 1 Dec 1957, In : Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics. 10, 3, p. 302-311 10 p. Mass transfer between co-current fluid streams and boundary layer solutions Potter, O. E., 1 Jan 1957, In : Chemical Engineering Science. 6, 4-5, p. 170-182 13 p. Export receipts and expansion in the wool industry Powell, A. A., 1 Jan 1959, In : Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 3, 2, p. 64-74 11 p. Production and income uncertainty in the wool industry: an aggregative approach 1015. Iodomercurate complexes with Group V quaternary iodides. Part II. Reactions with triphenylphosphine Deacon, G. B. & West, B. O., 1 Dec 1961, In : Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). p. 5127-5131 5 p. 767. Iodomercurate complexes with group V quaternary iodides. Part I. Aqueous decompositions and absorption spectra 178. the use of aprotic solvents for nucleophilic substitution reactions at C(3) and C(17) in steroids Henbest, H. B. & Jackson, W. R., 1 Dec 1962, In : Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). p. 954-959 6 p. Inventory analysis of drought reserves: a note on the valuation of carryover Powell, A. A., 1 Jan 1962, In : Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 6, 2, p. 78-80 3 p. Reserve price scheme for wool—a reply Powell, A. A. & Campbell, K. O., 1 Jan 1962, In : Economic Record. 38, 84, p. 517-518 2 p. Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment / Debate › Other › peer-review Revenue implications of a buffer-stock scheme with an uncertain demand schedule Powell, A. A. & Campbell, K. O., 1 Jan 1962, In : Economic Record. 38, 83, p. 373-385 13 p. The infrared spectra of quaternary ’onium cations of group vb elements. I. Vibrational assignments for some tetramethylphosphonium salts Deacon, G. B. & Jones, R. A., 1 Jan 1962, In : Australian Journal of Chemistry. 15, 3, p. 555-560 6 p. The reactions of metal complexes with alkyl halides-II The reactions of halo(triphenylphosphine)-cadmium(II) complexes Deacon, G. B., 1 Jan 1962, In : Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 24, 10, p. 1221-1224 4 p. The reactions of metal complexes with alkyl halides-I Reactions of halo(triphenylphosphine)mercury(II) and quaternary halomercurate(II)complexes Deacon, G. B. & West, B. O., 1 Jan 1962, In : Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 24, 2, p. 169-178 10 p. The significance of non-speculative returns in the appraisal of buffer-stock schemes Powell, A. A. & Campbell, K. O., 1 Jan 1962, In : American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 44, 3, p. 876-882 7 p. Conductances of some group v quaternary ’onium iodomercurate(ii) complexes Deacon, G. B. & West, B. O., 1 Jan 1963, In : Australian Journal of Chemistry. 16, 4, p. 579-584 6 p. Serial dependence in annual demands for fodder reserves Powell, A., 1 Jan 1963, In : Australian Journal of Statistics. 5, 3, p. 117-124 8 p. Synthetic fibres in the wool textile industry - a study of the role of price in technological adjustment Powell, A. A., Polasek, M. & Burley, H. T., 1 Jan 1963, In : Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 7, 2, p. 107-120 14 p. The infrared spectra of quaternary ‘onium cations of group vb elements. Ii. Vibrational assignments for some tetraphenyl-, triphenylmethyl-, triphenylethyl-, tetraethylphosphonium salts Deacon, G. B., Jones, R. A. & Rogasch, P. E., 1 Jan 1963, In : Australian Journal of Chemistry. 16, 3, p. 360-370 11 p. The infrared spectra of quaternary ‘onium cations of group vb elements. Iii. The “x-sensitive” vibration near 1100 cm-1 The solvent properties of trifluoroiodomethane Deacon, G. B. & West, B. O., 1 Jan 1963, In : Australian Journal of Chemistry. 16, 6, p. 1132-1133 2 p. Revenue implications of a buffer-stock scheme: a further comment Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Other › peer-review Wool and synthetics: A Statistical Analysis of Fibre Substitution in the U.S. Polasek, M. & Powell, A. A., 1 Jan 1964, In : Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 8, 1, p. 11-27 17 p. Wool versus synthetics: an international review of innovation in the fibre market POLASEK, METODEY. & POWELL, ALAN., 1 Jan 1964, In : Australian Economic Papers. 3, 1-2, p. 49-64 16 p. 1139. The chemistry of organothallium compounds. Part II. The complexes of bis(pentafluorophenyl)thallium(III) compounds with some neutral unidentate ligands Deacon, G. B. & Nyholm, R. S., 1 Dec 1965, In : Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). p. 6107-6116 10 p. 206. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds in some arene-metal carbonyl compounds Jackson, W. R. & McMullen, C. H., 1 Dec 1965, In : Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). p. 1170-1174 5 p. 619. The chemistry of organothallium compounds. Part I. The preparations and properties of bis(pentafluorophenyl)thallium(III) compounds Deacon, G. B., Green, J. H. S. & Nyholm, R. S., 1 Dec 1965, In : Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). p. 3411-3425 15 p. 985. The occurrence of 1,2- or 1,4-addition in the reduction of some αβ-unsaturated ketones with metal hydrides Jackson, W. R. & Zurqiyah, A., 1 Dec 1965, In : Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). p. 5280-5287 8 p. Constructive Order Types, I Crossley, J. N., 1 Dec 1965, In : Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. 40, C, p. 189-264 76 p. Effects of non-bonded substituents on the cis-trans-equilibrium ratios of tricarbonyl(indane)chromiums Gracey, D. E. F., Henbest, H. B., Jackson, W. R. & McMullen, C. H., 1 Dec 1965, In : Chemical Communications (London). 22, p. 566-567 2 p. Dummett, M. & Crossley, J. N., 1 Jan 1965, In : Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. 40, C, 1 p. The NMR spectra of some 2-substituted indanes and their tricarbonylchromium complexes Jackson, W. R., McMullen, C. H., Spratt, R. & Bladon, P., 1 Jan 1965, In : Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 4, 5, p. 392-396 5 p. Vibrational spectra of some alkylarsonium compounds Collen, W. R., Deacon, G. B. & Green, J. H. S., 1 Dec 1965, In : Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 43, 12, p. 3193-3200 8 p. A preparative distinction between the donor properties of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridyl Deacon, G. B., 1 Jan 1966, In : Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 2, 10, p. 299-301 3 p. Assignments of metal-ligand vibrations for triphenylphosphine complexes Deacon, G. B. & Green, J. H. S., 1 Dec 1966, In : Chemical Communications (London). 18, p. 629-630 2 p. Constructive order types, III Aczel, P. H. G. & Crossley, J. N., 1 Nov 1966, In : Archiv für Mathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung. 9, 3-4, p. 112-116 5 p. Electronic effects in the reactions of olefins with permanganate ion and with osmium tetroxide Henbest, H. B., Jackson, W. R. & Robb, B. C. G., 1 Dec 1966, In : Journal of the Chemical Society B: Physical Organic. p. 803-807 5 p. Far Infrared and Raman Spectra of Some Crystalline Halomercurate(II) Complexes Deacon, G. B. & Green, J. H. S., 1 Jan 1966, In : Australian Journal of Chemistry. 19, 9, p. 1603-1607 5 p. Non-uniqueness at ω2 in Kleene's O Crossley, J. N. & Schütte, K., 1 Nov 1966, In : Archiv für Mathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung. 9, 3-4, p. 95-101 7 p. Organomercury compounds. Part I. Mercury pentafluorobenzoates and their decarboxylation to pentafluorophenylmercury compounds Connett, J. E., Davies, A. G., Deacon, G. B. & Green, J. H. S., 1 Dec 1966, In : Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic. p. 106-111 6 p. Organomercury compounds. Part II. Preparations of complexes of bisperfluoroalkylmercurials by decarboxylation reactions Connett, J. E. & Deacon, G. B., 1 Dec 1966, In : Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic. p. 1058-1060 3 p. Restricted rotation in some tricarbonyl(arene)chromium compounds Gracey, D. E. F., Jackson, W. R., Jennings, W. B., Rennison, S. C. & Spratt, R., 1 Dec 1966, In : Chemical Communications (London). 8, p. 231-232 2 p. Tetraethylammonium tetrahalogenozincate(II) complexes with mixed halide ligands Deacon, G. B. & Taylor, F. B., 1 Dec 1966, In : Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, and Theoretical Chemistry. p. 463-464 2 p. The acetylation of some tricarbonyl(alkylbenzene)chorminus Jackson, W. R. & Jennings, W. B., 1 Dec 1966, In : Chemical Communications (London). 22 The conformations of carvenone and piperitone epoxides Jackson, W. R. & Zurqiyah, A., 1 Dec 1966, In : Journal of the Chemical Society B: Physical Organic. p. 49-50 2 p. The epoxidation of p-menth-1- and -3-ene Bowman, R. M., Chambers, A. & Jackson, W. R., 1 Dec 1966, In : Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic. p. 612-615 4 p. The preparation and rearrangement of γ-terpineol epoxides Bowman, R. M., Chambers, A. & Jackson, W. R., 1 Jan 1966, In : Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic. p. 1296-1298 3 p. Aspects of stereochemistry. Part XIX. Directive effects of remote substituents on the alkaline epoxidation of 3-oxo-δ 4 -steroids Henbest, H. B. & Jackson, W. R., 1 Dec 1967, In : Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic Chemistry. p. 2459-2465 7 p. Aspects of stereochemistry. Part XX. The formation of 5-cyano-3-ketones from 3-oxo-Δ4-steroids Aspects of stereochemistry. Part XXI. Hydrogenation of 3-oxo- Δ4-steroids over a palladium-calcium carbonate catalyst Combe, M. G., Henbest, H. B. & Jackson, W. R., 1 Dec 1967, In : Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic Chemistry. p. 2467-2469 3 p. Aspects of stereochemistry. Part XXII. Epoxidation and hydrogenation of 4-methyl-3-oxo-Δ4-steroids Henbest, H. B., Jackson, W. R. & Malunowicz, I., 1 Dec 1967, In : Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic Chemistry. p. 2469-2471 3 p.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1049
__label__wiki	0.646963	0.646963	It's All Right (4) phase 1 (4) Adshel (1) All Right? Campaigns and Projects: It's All Right (x) mental health (x) All Right? Campaigns and Projects: It's All Right Akaroa Posters A PDF copy of eight posters from phase 1 of the All Right? campaign, specifically targeting people in Akaroa. Each poster seeks to normalise a different emotional experience, for example, "It's all right to feel blue now and then." Each poster also includes, "Akaroa has changed a lot and we all see things a little differently. And that's all right". All Right? Campaigns and Projects: It's All Right Kaiapoi Posters A PDF copy of eight posters from phase 1 of the All Right? campaign, specifically targeting Kaiapoi. Each poster seeks to normalise a different emotional experience, for example, "It's all right to feel blue now and then." Each poster also includes, "Kaiapoi has changed a lot and we all see things a little differently. And that's all right". All Right? Campaigns and Projects: It's All Right Adshel Poster A PDF copy of eight Adshel poster designs that appeared for phase 1 of the All Right? campaign. Each poster begins with the phrase, "It's all right...". The posters appeared in both Metrolite and Superlite variations for Adshel bus shelters. mental health, wellbeing, All Right?, It's All Right, phase 1, Adshel, poster, Health and Wellbeing	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1051
__label__wiki	0.591411	0.591411	The Olympic Stadium, The Victory Column, The Reichstag and all the Canadians!! On March 31, 2019 By rcexcellentadventureLeave a comment The day was beautiful. The sun was warm. We headed out to take in some of the sights of Berlin and enjoy the day. The first stop was The Olympic Stadium, built in 1934 in order to host the Olympic Games of 1936. It was built on a grand scale to impress the world with the Nazi regime and the well being of Germany. The full scale sporting complex with a track field that could be used for mass rallies holding up to 500,000 people, also included a swimming and gymnastics center. 1936 was the year that African-American sprinter Jesse Owens’ historic four-medal Olympic victory shook Hitler’s theory of the superiority of the Aryan race. The updated and modern stadium now hosts FIFA World Cup Soccer events as well as large scale concerts seating up to 75,000 people. After taking the audio tour of the Stadium, we headed back into the city and got off the train at the Tiergarten Station. We walked through the park towards the Victory Column. There were people cycling, walking, jogging, playing with their dogs and just enjoying the warmth and sunshine. Victory Column was built in 1873 to celebrate the Prussian victories over Austria and France. Though the column sustained some damage during World War II (you can see bullet holes along the base) it was one of the few icons that survived the final assault by the Allies on Berlin in 1945. We continued through the park to the Reichstag which is the current seat of Parliament in Germany. The building was opened in 1894 and and used as the government house until 1933 when, after a fire (some say set by the Nazis themselves) forced them to convene in the Opera House across the street. During the war, the building was heavily damaged and left to ruin. It was not until the period of reunification in the 1990’s that the building was reconstructed and parliament again sat there for the first time in 1999. It is a beautiful building and a definite must see when visiting Berlin. We headed for home but as it was still such a beautiful day, we stopped for a drink at a cute little corner bar with tables set up on the street. Enjoying the last of the sunshine, we ended up meeting with a couple of people from Toronto who were in Berlin on conference. As it is always great meeting people from Canada, we had a great chat, exchanged some travel stories and finally left them alone to finish their drinks. Later in the evening, we met a couple of guys from Saskatoon and Vancouver who were tending bar at the little restaurant down the street from us. What a great way to finish off a perfectly perfect day!! Olympic Stadium. Of the Olympic stadiums we have seen on our trip this was the oldest and by far the most impressive. The Column of Victory. Monument to the Soviet soldiers who died liberating the city in 1945 The Reichstag (German Federal Parliament) On our way back to our Airbnb we came across a football (soccer) game and stopped to watch for a while. Obviously these guys were not professional players and members of some local club team, but their skill level was quite high from my perspective and I really enjoyed watching them. Much like so many Canadians who grow up playing hockey and continue long after their NHL dreams have died, so it is, I suppose, for a lot of average Germans.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1054
__label__cc	0.539959	0.460041	NY Governor Andrew Cuomo: “You Want To Deport Immigrants, Start With Me Because I Am An Immigrant” NY Governor Andrew Cuomo recently announced, “You want to deport immigrants, start with me because I am an immigrant”. The Governor was speaking out against the President’s immigration policies. The thing is, President Trump doesn’t want to deport immigrants. In fact the President likes immigrants. He’s married to one! President Trump just likes his immigrants to be legal immigrants. It’s illegal immigrants he wants to deport. Obviously, Governor Cuomo is bending the facts to suit a narrative. However, if the President was able to deport Governor Cuomo, would that also include his brother, CNN news anchor and meathead, Chris Cuomo? The left is trying to change the narrative. Instead of defending our borders and deporting illegal aliens, they want to make it sound like all immigrants are at risk. Besides, Governor Cuomo knew fully well when he made that stupid statement that he couldn’t be deported. It’s all a big show. US Chronicle reports: President Donald Trump has received a lot of push-back from the Left in the country, especially in regards to his plans on enforcing the nation’s immigration laws. Yet New York Governor Andrew Cuomo seems to be particularly confused about the idea of deporting criminal illegal aliens, as demonstrated during a speech that he gave to a New York City gathering.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1056
__label__cc	0.558721	0.441279	The Footprint of the Establishment The Powers that Be shaped us in more ways than We think! By Luis R. Miranda Every time we need to know what happened in the past we refer to history books, visit a local library, check the Internet or look into Human Farming is the Establishment's favourite method to enslave the masses. our own archives to see what history tells us. But how many times do we wonder about what history doesn’t tell us? See, history is not written by historians, they just give us accounts of that official version of history. The reason why many look back in time is to avoid making the same mistakes that our ancestors made as humanity advanced. But how do we avoid those mistakes if we simply don’t know them? You don’t have to be an expert in history to figure out who wrote it and why. It takes a couple of clicks nowadays. After finishing college, anyone can surely say, for example, what type of government we have, where our educational system comes from and why we fought and continue to fight bloody wars for decades. Can we? Really? What if part of the history you know; the one learned in elementary school, high school and college is not as it is drawn by the books we so carefully read? If your educated guess to the first question is a Constitutional Democracy or a Republic the answer is wrong. If your answer to the second question is from our Founding Fathers, it is wrong, too. And if your answer to the third question is freedom and independence, it is also wrong. Let’s take for example the origins of what we call today Government, which many believe is representative. The beginnings of our model of government rests in the Hegelian model of government, not on the model our Founding Fathers would have sketched. The Hegelian model of government believes that IT is supreme, and that individuals must be subjects of the government – i.e Patriot Act, Martial Law, Illegal Spying, Torture, Military Commissions Act, RFID card, etc. But how do the elites that support this kind of governance get away with telling us that we live in a free democracy? They indoctrinate us almost from birth in concentration camps called schools, which not only do not follow a democratic government’s educational policy, but instead, a very well redesigned version of the Prussian Universal Education model, put together by the same elite that pays to publish the history you and I know. Now, you probably think, how can an elite simply get away with all this? To put it simply in one sentence, it’s called a Political Conspiracy. The elite, better known as the powers that be, not only wrote the history you and I know, but also designed and financed the educational system you and I attended, modeled after the Hegelian form of government they adore and praise. That is why we have no clue about it, because we were born and raised in a Matrix type of environment that seems natural to all. You are right! There need to be hundreds and thousands of people involved in a conspiracy of such level in order for it to work… and there are… The brain of this conspiracy, the Club Bilderberg, meets once a year in cities of their choosing like Virginia, Versailles, Stresa, Munich, Ottawa, Istanbul and Sitges to discuss global policies on economy, environmentalism, politics, health, trade, immigration, etc. Among the attendees are elements from the Bank Industry, The Military Industrial Complex, Academia, The Pharmaceutical Industrial Complex, Mass Media, and of course the politicians we vote for every four years. In one word, the Elite. I know… You want me to call them by their names… After reading through lists of Bilderberg attendees over the years, I can absolutely and certainly say that crooks like David Rockefeller, the same Dave whose family financed the Hegelian inspired Universal Education system we studied in, Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, Hillary Clinton, John Edwards, George Pataki, Texas governor Richard Perry, John Kerry, Henry Kissinger, Etienne Davignon, Paul Wolfowitz, Bill Gates, Bill Clinton and Donald Rumsfeld, among others. These and other people who have in their hands the present and future of our world, are the cabal responsible for hiding the truth about history that most of us don’t know. Why? Because they wrote it themselves. The Footprint the Establishment has left and continues to leave in our lives, our society, and our world began early in the 1800’s. As I said before it is a political conspiracy, that is, the use of political power which is passed around from generation to generation in order to keep the secrecy of their association. Let’s see how a conspiracy works. First, there has to be a secret meeting. Second, those who meet must agree to a course of action; and third, such action must be illegal. The Establishment, or what many call The Order, derives from a German secret society. The order was included as the Russell Trust in 1856, to later be known as the Brotherhood of Death. To us all, it’s better known as “Skull and Bones. The American version of this Order was founded in the U.S in 1833 at Yale University by General William Russell and Alphonso Taft, who in 1876, became Secretary of War under the Grant administration in the United States. The Order meets annually on Deer Island in the St. Lawrence River. Among the original members are Samuel Henshaw Bates, Rufus Hart, Asahel Hooker Lewis, Samuel Marshall and Frederick Mather. All of these people along with the two founders occupied high level position in early forms of government. The beginnings of this elite governed group can be traced back to the 1600’s when the first wealthy families arrived to the U.S from England. One example is the Lord family. In this particular case there were two branches: The one from Thomas Lord and the other from Nathan Lord. Later members arose from families who managed to make money to send their children to Yale, such as the Harriman, Payne, Davison and of course Rockefeller. The Lord’s established themselves in Hartford Connecticut where they kept a tradition typical of the elite: Intermarriage; in order to further concentrate and maintain power. From there, they extended their arms to places like New York, where they founded businesses like law firms and consultancies. Among their clients, the New York Times and the Rubin Foundation. The latter is the financial supporter of the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington DC. So, now that we know how the establishment got to us, let’s see how it’s left a footprint in three of the most important aspects of our lives: Education, Energy and War. The concept or idea over which The Order works is control; controlling it all through the compartmentalized control of the parts. For example, if they control the politicians, they can get access to powerful governments on two or three or whatever the number of political parties that exist. If they control energy companies, they can subdue society into accepting only the means of energy they can make a profit of. If they control the media, they can tell us their version of world events; who’s the bad guy and the good guy. If they own the producers of weapons, they will encourage war, and finance all the sides involved in the war because they know the profits and the control derived from war will be much greater. If they own the pharmaceutical companies, they will own all the patents to the drugs the population consumes and at the same time ban any claim on medicinal products they don’t control. If they control the food industry, the production of goods, they can sell cheap food to the masses to make them sick and fat, so they have to consume the illicit drugs they produce which by the way make people sicker. If they control the election process through remotely controlled electronic voting machines instead of traceable paper ballots, they will never let go off power. Why do I point to Education as an important example of the way the Establishment leaves a footprint? Well, because the complete development of a society rests on the educational level of the members. In the case of the Western world, the educational model was founded after the Prussian Educational mold. This model came into existence in 1819 in the military state of Prussia. There, the Elite decided that the population had to be converted into instruments of the State in order to increase efficiency. The system was based on the premise that by erasing the creative, innovative ability of the population was how they would become obedient servants. In a matter of a few years, Prussia, which did not have natural resources, became one of the richest regions in Germany. It became so influential, that it was later the city from where two world wars originated. It was through a fully controlled educational system designed to dumb down the population, that the Elite was successful in their attempt to impose any policy they wanted to a willingly accepting crowd of mental zombies. Many countries around the world studied and continue to study the Prussian model today. From Japan to China to England to the United States. In America, John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie imported the Prussian model through their foundations. It later evolved and new concepts appeared. One of them very well known to us all, Human Resources brought upon the masses the infamous Kindergarten, where children are grown up like vegetables to become subjects to the system that saw their parents come up the very same way. Later on, the Elite realized they weren’t getting people young enough so they founded the Pre-Kindergarten. Behind this system of control was the goal that the Establishment has always had, the disintegration of the most basic form of social unity; the family. The family is the biggest obstacle to create the global system of control, therefore it has to be done away with. Multiple options were offered to parents, among them, to put the children in the hands of “experts” who had been already brainwashed following the Prussian model. The only difference perhaps between the original Prussian system and the one that currently operates around the world, is that in Prussia, the laws explicitly said that the State owned the children. In the U.S efforts were made in the 19th century to create such laws, but they did not bear fruit. The Prussian system was sneaked into society under the fear instilled by world wars, economic depressions and of course the already traditional feeling of dependency that the population has towards the State. In 1871 in the book called “Descent of Men” Darwin said 95% of the people were inferior and only 5 % were evolving. From this way of thinking came the teachings of Sr. Francis Galton, the father of Eugenics, from whom men like H.G Wells and William Huxley took off to write their famous “scholarly” works. It is important to note, that although many people regard Charles Darwin as an outsider that made it into the circle through his discoveries in he sciences, the truth is that Darwin’s family was one of the richest in the world. Darwin met with the members of the Elite for many years. In those meetings they tailored science to fit the reality they wanted the rest to learn. John Calvin said there are so many of these inferior people that we cannot police them, so we are gonna have to teach them to police themselves; and generation through generation, the population was dumbed down more and more until it fit the corporate fascist model the Elite wanted. The common denominator of this educational model, no matter where it’s been applied, is the fact that the masses -from where ingenuity and creativeness emanated- became nothing else than obedient sheep; docile beings that do not know much more than what they learn in high school or college. As a result, we now have a population that cannot find their country on a map, much less other countries like Iraq or Afghanistan. However, the masses do support invading the two countries in the name of peace. In 1950 the U.S had 90% of all patents in the world, nowadays it only owns about 30 percent and dropping fast. The Prussian model has worked to perfection. The same can be said about other countries. Now when we turn our head to the Energy issue, it is important to note other members of the Elite, or the Order that have been key in the implementation of Educational and Energy policies. I earlier said that the origin of this Elite is immigrants from Europe; England to be more specific. The Lords, the Rothchilds and other families that emerged later like the Rockefellers, the Carnegies, the Morgans and of course, the Bushes. The founders consisted of Puritans who always absorbed the wealth of rich families, without inviting those families to join their organizations. Most of these families were bankers, lawyers and traders that later became the Barons of the Mercantilistic model that substituted free markets. In the energy sector the Bush family has been a continuous player. They have maintained contact with Saudi Arabia’s kingdom for years and have done business with them thanks to the fortunes stolen by Prescott Bush, the grandfather of former president Bush, from the Nazi Empire when he left Germany after their defeat. With him others like Percy Rockefeller, the Paynes, the Pratts, etc are all linked to the Standard Oil Company, the Shell Oil Company, Creole Petroleum and Socony Vacuum. Currently we are fed the idea of the lack of sources of energy. While fossil fuels are painted as necessary evils to the development of the world, we are also told that oil reserves are scarce and that we have reached a peak. The debate in the main stream corporate Elite-controlled media is always centered on the pollution or the scarcity, but very little time is given in comparison to real alternative energy sources. While countries like Brazil run their cars on sugar cane-derived ethanol, the United States still remains in the debate of which alternative source is better or how many miles per gallon should a car provide. Let’s take a look at a source of energy that is never discussed: Cold Fusion. Cold Fusion occurs when lighter nuclei in an atom fuse together under intense heat in a reaction to form a heavier nucleus. One of the results of this fusion is the release of gigantic amounts of energy which would provide an endless source of energy to carry out the world businesses for as long as humans exist. All this by the way, at conditions near room temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, Cold Fusion has been dismissed as an impossible by the profiteers who own the energy companies we depend on to live. Government agencies have also dismissed the potential of Cold Fusion and denied funding to further investigate the possibility of developing technology that allowed us to be energy independent. Instead, they suggested a bunch of alternative energy sources that counted with their blessing such as corn-based ethanol which has proven to be a new failure. The cold fusion researchers presenting their review document to the 2004 DoE panel on cold fusion said that the observation of excess heat had been reproduced, that it can be reproduced at will under the proper conditions, and that many of the reasons for failure to reproduce it have been discovered. Despite the assertions of these researchers, most reviewers stated that the effects are not repeatable.The 1989, a DoE panel said: “Nuclear fusion at room temperature, of the type discussed in this report, would be contrary to all understanding gained of nuclear reactions in the last half century; it would require the invention of an entirely new nuclear process”, but it also recognized that the lack of a satisfactory explanation cannot be used to dismiss experimental evidence. (Wikipedia) However, for those who know what Cold Fusion is and how it works, the future is promising. Dr. Edmund Storms, a retired scientist who worked at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, said the only problem is the attitude people have towards Cold Fusion as a source of energy. “It’s an interesting time because a number of other ideal sources are being proposed. Cold fusion is probably the most thoroughly documented at this point, but all of them have several things in common. They would be very inexpensive, pollution-free, and inexhaustible.” Questioned about whether Cold Fusion violates the First Law of Thermodynamics, which has been one of the reasons given to keep the experiments and the funding off the table, Dr. Storms says: “No one is proposing to violate the Law of Conservation of Energy. We’re talking about ordinary nuclear energy. There’s nothing magical about it. It’s the mechanism for achieving these nuclear reactions that is poorly understood at this time and, therefore, is in dispute.” Although according to Storms neither the government nor any enterprise could practically deny access to the knowledge of Cold Fusion, anyone could seriously damage the research and progress of new technologies by claiming that the knowledge is flawed, thereby, making it harder to find funding or support of any kind. In a book called: Cold Fusion: Secret Energy Revolution, Anthony Sutton declares that Cold Fusion is already being worked with in different laboratories around the globe and that soon, either governments or companies will come forward with practical applications. According to Sutton, Cold Fusion technology is being used by companies like BlackLight Power, Inc, Catalytic Fusion Power, Inc and financed by DARPA to produce catalytic hydrogen technology. “Free energy is here with water as fuel and will revolutionize our world. One device is the size of a thermos flask, uses water as fuel and lasts indefinitely,” Sutton declares. How many times have we heard of Cold Fusion on the news? Read on the papers? In the meantime we are led to believe that we are destined to invade middle eastern countries for their oil as the only way to secure our future energy sources. Of course of the mass population knew a little about alternative energy sources, they wouldn’t support needless wars or the drilling of National Parks or ice shells for petroleum. Now, the subject of energy brings along a very important issue, which is exactly a consequence of energy dependence: War. If countries were energy independent, there would certainly be less conflict among them. This is because one country would not be able to impose rules onto others because they own energy sources that the other countries need. Today, OPEC controls the supply of petroleum which is vital to the commercial activity that moves the world. A handful of countries decide how much oil is produced and with that, the prices are determined. If the producers feel like they are not getting enough profits for their oil, they can simply decide to limit output so the price goes up. Although energy is probably the clearest example of how dependence causes conflict, there are countless other ones. For example, food production, manufacturing, the printing of paper money -which nowadays has turned out to be worthless, land tenure, immigration, etc. The important point here is that war; just as many other activities, is a business. Investments are made before war occurs, so profits are expected. The best way to secure maximum profits is to invest on all sides, and that’s what history shows has happened in all major conflicts that humanity has endured: WWI and WWII are two examples. Here of course the Elite has left their Footprint stamped deeper than in any other aspect under their control. Then we have the Spanish-American as well as the Mexican-American wars which are also great examples. All armed conflicts recorded in history have come about due to the greed and evil spirit of those who seek to control us all. Although money and profits are important factors, the end goal is control. This control comes through consolidation. Armed conflicts and economic unrest provide great opportunities to bring about this consolidation and therefore control. When a country or the whole world goes into military or economic crisis, the people are the victims, while the Elite not only increases their resources tenfold, but also their control of industry, the bank system, infrastructure, military, land, and more important… Us. No example of a central government that ruled with an iron fist is responsible for an era of prosperity or bountifulness. On the contrary, it always mirrors repression, crisis, abuses, torture and inequality. The reason why I linked war and conflict with oil, is because it is the freshest example. But the American civil war, the Spanish-American and WWI and WWII were also about influence and consolidating, a position as the world’s superpower. At the beginning of this essay I mentioned where the members of the Order came from and what type of businesses they are tied to. Nowadays, the war profiteers are weapons contractors, energy companies, security contractors, oil diggers, insurance companies and others. When a war explodes anywhere in the world, the list of companies offering their services to provide weaponry, planes, transportation, security, insurance and medical services is already typed up; and they are the same crooks who have already invested in promoting the wars during which they will provide services. When a country is dominated by the will of global corporations like Shell, NewsCorp, Halliburton, BP, GE, bankers like JP Morgan and wealthy men like Rupert Murdoch, David Rockefeller, Lord Rothchild and Prescott Bush, the decision to go to war or not isn’t made; it is imposed. Every major war has been financed by these and other families who have always held power by dominating all the sides involved in the conflicts. It’s a win-win situation. No president, prime minister or dictator achieved their goal of tyranny and control alone, there have always been the men behind the curtains who provided money, intelligence and hardware to carry out their own agenda. The group of bankers who created the private Federal Reserve, who control the Bank of England, the World Bank… is the same cabal that dictates the policies of the World Health Organization, who created the United Nations and who wrote the Nazi oriented Universal Human Rights Declaration to which they want us all to submit to. Only those who really know history are able to envision the future; the future they want. The rest of us…, we’d better wake up and fight the bastards or we are doomed to repeat it. Consulted Materials: UNDERGROUND HISTORY OF AMERICAN EDUCATION. John Taylor Gatto. AMERICA’S SECRET ESTABLISHMENT. Anthony Sutton COLD FUSION AND THE FUTURE. Jed Rothwell AMERICA: FREEDOM TO FASCISM. Aaron Russo THE END OF AMERICA. Naomi Wolf PROGRESS AND POVERTY. Henry George THE WEALTH OF NATIONS. Adam Smith Filed under World Tagged with Aaron Russo, abuses, Academia, Adam Smith, afghanistan, AMERICA'S SECRET ESTABLISHMENT, AMERICA: FREEDOM TO FASCISM, Andrew Carnegie, anthony sutton, asahel hooker lewis, Bank Industry, bank of england, bankers, bilderberg club, Bill Clinton and Donald Rumsfeld, bill gates, BlackLight Power, books, books internet, BP, Brazil, brotherhood of death, bush, Catalytic Fusion Power, catalytic hydrogen technology, children, cold fusion, COLD FUSION AND THE FUTURE, college, compartmentalization, compartmentalize, Connecticut, constitutional democracy, Corruption, Creole Petroleum, crisis, DARPA, darwin, david rockefeller, descent of men, dictator, dumb down, educational system, electronic voting machines, elite, elitists, energy, energy companies, england, establishment, ethanol, Etienne Davignon, eugenics, family, FEderal Reserve, food industry, footprint, founding fathers, frederick mather, free market, GE, George Pataki, germany, government, H.G Wells, halliburton, hartford, Hegel, hegelian, Henry George, Henry Kissinger, high school, Hillary Clinton), historians, history, Human Farming, human resources, Illegal Spying, illicit drugs, Inc, inequality, infrastructure, Institute for Policy Studies, investments, Iran, Iraq, Jed Rothwell, John Calvin, John D. Rockefeller, John Edwards, John Kerry, john taylor gatto, Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, JP Morgan, Kindergarten, land, law of conservation of energy, Lord family, Lord Rothchild, Los Alamos NAtional Laboratory, martial law, Mass Media, matrix, mercantilism, Mexican-American War, Military, Military Commissions Act, mistakes, Naomi Wolf, nathan lord, nazi, New York, NewsCorp, Oil cartel, OPEC, patriot act, Paul Wolfowitz, Payne, Percy Rockefeller, pharmaceutical companies, political conspiracy, political power, Pratts, Prescott Bush, PROGRESS AND POVERTY, prussia, repression, republic, researchers, RFID card, rufus hart, Rupert Murdoch, samuel henshaw bates, samuel marshall, saudi arabia, school, secrecy, Shell, Shell Oil, sick fat, skull and bones, Spanish-American War, Sr. Francis Galton, Standard Oil Company, Texas governor Richard Perry, the bank system, THE END OF AMERICA, The Military Industrial Complex, The Pharmaceutical Industrial Complex, THE WEALTH OF NATIONS, the World Bank, Themodynamics, thomas lord, Torture, UNDERGROUND HISTORY OF AMERICAN EDUCATION, united nations, Universal Human Rights Declaration, War, Washington DC. education, weapons, WIKIPEDIA, William Huxley, william russell, World health organization, WWI, WWII, yale university	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1058
__label__cc	0.550068	0.449932	Paul Nurse Sir Paul Nurse FMedSci FRS Paul Nurse is a geneticist and cell biologist whose discoveries have helped to explain how the cell controls its cycle of growth and division. Working in fission yeast, he showed that the cdc2 gene encodes a protein kinase, which ensures the cell is ready to copy its DNA and divide. Paul’s findings have broader significance since errors in cell growth and division may lead to cancer and other serious diseases. Paul’s contributions to cell biology and cancer research were recognised with a knighthood in 1999. In addition, Paul’s endeavours relating to the discovery of cell cycle regulatory molecules saw him jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2001. Over the last thirty years, Paul has held many senior research leadership roles. In 2010, he was elected as President of the Royal Society for a five-year term. Since 2011, he has been the Director and Chief Executive of the Francis Crick Institute, a London-based biomedical research institute due to open in 2015. Professional positions Director, The Francis Crick Institute Interest and expertise Subject groups Biochemistry and molecular cell biology Cell biology (incl molecular cell biology) Cell biology, Genetics, cell cycle, Scientific public engagement and politics Copley Medal For his contributions to cell biology in general, and to the elucidation of the control of cell division. Florey Lecture On 'How is the cell cycle regulated?'. Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine No citation available for this award. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Jointly with Leland H. Hartwell and Tim Hunt for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle. Royal Medals In recognition of his work on the control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells by his discovery of the identity and function of genes that regulate the key control points in the process of cell proliferation. Royal Society GlaxoSmithKline Prize and Lecture In recognition of his seminal contributions to the understanding of the molecular basis of regulation of the eukaryotic cycle. Rutherford Memorial Lecture Given in New Zealand.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1063
__label__wiki	0.501909	0.501909	The Birth and Rebirth of Martin Park It was an unknown wilderness, a forest of pine trees with a carpet of pine needles beneath, located on the east side of the bay. One of the first known white men to have visited the area being missionary-explorer Father James Marquette in 1674. By 1850 settlers began to arrive in Sturgeon Bay and the first home was built in the area. A plat map of the village was made and recorded in 1855. It was then the parcel of land located between Portage Street and Forest Street, fronted by Cedar St. accommodated the establishment called the Exchange which sold fire wood and coal oil. In 1889 a Mr. Cromell purchased this property. He completely remodeled the structure and added a large wing on it to house the magnificent new Hotel Vendome. Ten years later in 1899 this grand hotel mysteriously burnt to the ground. After the clearing of the debris from this parcel of land in 1919 it was called Vendome Park. In a meeting of the city council on June 6, 1922 it was decided to change th Smejkal, Jean http://recollectionwi.org/items/show/55 Published by Recollection Wisconsin with permission of the submitter. All rights remain with the creator(s). Smejkal, Jean. The Birth and Rebirth of Martin Park. 2016. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America, http://recollectionwi.org/items/show/55. (Accessed January 21, 2020.) Smejkal, Jean, (2016) The Birth and Rebirth of Martin Park. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America, http://recollectionwi.org/items/show/55 Smejkal, Jean. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America <http://recollectionwi.org/items/show/55>.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1068
__label__wiki	0.820575	0.820575	May 21, 2010 • 11:44 AM 4 Man Creates Life ? Man has Created the First Self-Replicating, Synthetic Bacterial Cell Life re-created. Blue colonies (top) indicate a successfully transplanted genome, with self-replicating bacteria revealed in an electron micrograph. CREDITS (TOP TO BOTTOM): J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE; T. DEERINCK AND M. ELLISMAN/NCMIR, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Read the Full Press Release below: First Self-Replicating Synthetic Bacterial Cell First Self-Replicating, Synthetic Bacterial Cell Constructed by J. Craig Venter Institute Researchers ROCKVILLE, MD and San Diego, CA (May 20, 2010)— Researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), a not-for-profit genomic research organization, published results today describing the successful construction of the first self-replicating, synthetic bacterial cell. The team synthesized the 1.08 million base pair chromosome of a modified Mycoplasma mycoides genome. The synthetic cell is called Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 and is the proof of principle that genomes can be designed in the computer, chemically made in the laboratory and transplanted into a recipient cell to produce a new self-replicating cell controlled only by the synthetic genome. This research will be published by Daniel Gibson et al in the May 20th edition of Science Express and will appear in an upcoming print issue of Science. “For nearly 15 years Ham Smith, Clyde Hutchison and the rest of our team have been working toward this publication today–the successful completion of our work to construct a bacterial cell that is fully controlled by a synthetic genome,” said J. Craig Venter, Ph.D., founder and president, JCVI and senior author on the paper. “We have been consumed by this research, but we have also been equally focused on addressing the societal implications of what we believe will be one of the most powerful technologies and industrial drivers for societal good. We look forward to continued review and dialogue about the important applications of this work to ensure that it is used for the benefit of all.” According to Dr. Smith, “With this first synthetic bacterial cell and the new tools and technologies we developed to successfully complete this project, we now have the means to dissect the genetic instruction set of a bacterial cell to see and understand how it really works.” To complete this final stage in the nearly 15 year process to construct and boot up a synthetic cell, JCVI scientists began with the accurate, digitized genome of the bacterium, M. mycoides. The team designed 1,078 specific cassettes of DNA that were 1,080 base pairs long. These cassettes were designed so that the ends of each DNA cassette overlapped each of its neighbors by 80bp. The cassettes were made according to JCVI’s specifications by the DNA synthesis company, Blue Heron Biotechnology. The JCVI team employed a three stage process using their previously described yeast assembly system to build the genome using the 1,078 cassettes. The first stage involved taking 10 cassettes of DNA at a time to build 110, 10,000 bp segments. In the second stage, these 10,000 bp segments are taken 10 at a time to produce eleven, 100,000 bp segments. In the final step, all 11, 100 kb segments were assembled into the complete synthetic genome in yeast cells and grown as a yeast artificial chromosome. The complete synthetic M. mycoides genome was isolated from the yeast cell and transplanted into Mycoplasma capricolum recipient cells that have had the genes for its restriction enzyme removed. The synthetic genome DNA was transcribed into messenger RNA, which in turn was translated into new proteins. The M. capricolum genome was either destroyed by M. mycoides restriction enzymes or was lost during cell replication. After two days viable M. mycoides cells, which contained only synthetic DNA, were clearly visible on petri dishes containing bacterial growth medium. The initial synthesis of the synthetic genome did not result in any viable cells so the JCVI team developed an error correction method to test that each cassette they constructed was biologically functional. They did this by using a combination of 100 kb natural and synthetic segments of DNA to produce semi-synthetic genomes. This approach allowed for the testing of each synthetic segment in combination with 10 natural segments for their capacity to be transplanted and form new cells. Ten out of 11 synthetic fragments resulted in viable cells; therefore the team narrowed the issue down to a single 100 kb cassette. DNA sequencing revealed that a single base pair deletion in an essential gene was responsible for the unsuccessful transplants. Once this one base pair error was corrected, the first viable synthetic cell was produced. Dr. Gibson stated, “To produce a synthetic cell, our group had to learn how to sequence, synthesize, and transplant genomes. Many hurdles had to be overcome, but we are now able to combine all of these steps to produce synthetic cells in the laboratory.” He added, “We can now begin working on our ultimate objective of synthesizing a minimal cell containing only the genes necessary to sustain life in its simplest form. This will help us better understand how cells work.” This publication represents the construction of the largest synthetic molecule of a defined structure; the genome is almost double the size of the previous Mycoplasma genitalium synthesis. With this successful proof of principle, the group will now work on creating a minimal genome, which has been a goal since 1995. They will do this by whittling away at the synthetic genome and repeating transplantation experiments until no more genes can be disrupted and the genome is as small as possible. This minimal cell will be a platform for analyzing the function of every essential gene in a cell. According to Dr. Hutchison, “To me the most remarkable thing about our synthetic cell is that its genome was designed in the computer and brought to life through chemical synthesis, without using any pieces of natural DNA. This involved developing many new and useful methods along the way. We have assembled an amazing group of scientists that have made this possible.” As in the team’s 2008 publication in which they described the successful synthesis of the M. genitalium genome, they designed and inserted into the genome what they called watermarks. These are specifically designed segments of DNA that use the “alphabet” of genes and proteins that enable the researcher to spell out words and phrases. The watermarks are an essential means to prove that the genome is synthetic and not native, and to identify the laboratory of origin. Encoded in the watermarks is a new DNA code for writing words, sentences and numbers. In addition to the new code there is a web address to send emails to if you can successfully decode the new code, the names of 46 authors and other key contributors and three quotations: “TO LIVE, TO ERR, TO FALL, TO TRIUMPH, TO RECREATE LIFE OUT OF LIFE.” – JAMES JOYCE; “SEE THINGS NOT AS THEY ARE, BUT AS THEY MIGHT BE.”-A quote from the book, “American Prometheus”; “WHAT I CANNOT BUILD, I CANNOT UNDERSTAND.” – RICHARD FEYNMAN. The JCVI scientists envision that the knowledge gained by constructing this first self-replicating synthetic cell, coupled with decreasing costs for DNA synthesis, will give rise to wider use of this powerful technology. This will undoubtedly lead to the development of many important applications and products including biofuels, vaccines, pharmaceuticals, clean water and food products. The group continues to drive and support ethical discussion and review to ensure a positive outcome for society. Funding for this research came from Synthetic Genomics Inc., a company co-founded by Drs. Venter and Smith. The research published today was made possible by previous breakthroughs at JCVI. In 2007 the team published results from the transplantation of the native M. mycoides genome into the M. capricolum cell which resulted in the M. capricolum cell being transformed into M. mycoides. This work established the notion that DNA is the software of life and that DNA dictates the cell phenotype. In 2008 the same team reported on the construction of the first synthetic bacterial genome by assembling DNA fragments made from the four chemicals of life—ACGT. The final assembly of DNA fragments into the whole genome was performed in yeast by making use of the yeast genetic systems. However, when the team attempted to transplant the synthetic bacterial genome out of yeast and into a recipient bacterial cell, viable transplants could not be recovered. Ethical Considerations: Since the beginning of the quest to understand and build a synthetic genome, Dr. Venter and his team have been concerned with the societal issues surrounding the work. In 1995 while the team was doing the research on the minimal genome, the work underwent significant ethical review by a panel of experts at the University of Pennsylvania (Cho et al, Science December 1999:Vol. 286. no. 5447, pp. 2087 – 2090). The bioethical group’s independent deliberations, published at the same time as the scientific minimal genome research, resulted in a unanimous decision that there were no strong ethical reasons why the work should not continue as long as the scientists involved continued to engage public discussion. Dr. Venter and the team at JCVI continue to work with bioethicists, outside policy groups, legislative members and staff, and the public to encourage discussion and understanding about the societal implications of their work and the field of synthetic genomics generally. As such, the JCVI’s policy team, along with the Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS), and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), were funded by a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for a 20-month study that explored the risks and benefits of this emerging technology, as well as possible safeguards to prevent abuse, including bioterrorism. After several workshops and public sessions the group published a report in October 2007 outlining options for the field and its researchers. Most recently in December of 2008, JCVI received funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to examine ethical and societal concerns that are associated with the developing science of synthetic genomics. The ongoing research is intended to inform the scientific community as well as educate our policymakers and journalists so that they may engage in informed discussions on the topic. About the J. Craig Venter Institute The JCVI is a not-for-profit research institute in Rockville, MD and La Jolla, CA dedicated to the advancement of the science of genomics; the understanding of its implications for society; and communication of those results to the scientific community, the public, and policymakers. Founded by J. Craig Venter, Ph.D., the JCVI is home to approximately 400 scientists and staff with expertise in human and evolutionary biology, genetics, bioinformatics/informatics, information technology, high-throughput DNA sequencing, genomic and environmental policy research, and public education in science and science policy. The legacy organizations of the JCVI are: The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), The Center for the Advancement of Genomics (TCAG), the Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA), the Joint Technology Center (JTC), and the J. Craig Venter Science Foundation. The JCVI is a 501 (c) (3) organization. For additional information, please visit http://www.JCVI.org. Media Contact: Heather Kowalski, 301-943-8879, hkowalski(AT)jcvi.org Filed under: Science & Technology, artificial chromosome, artificial DNA, artificial genome, artificial life, artificial life forms, bacteria, biology, biosynthesis, biotech, biotechnology, cell, chemistry, Chromosome, Craig Venter, create DNA, Dr. Craig Venter, first self-replicating synthetic bacterial cell, genome lab, god, human DNA, J. Craig Venter Institute, JCVI, lab DNA, life, life created in lab, man, man becomes god, Man creates life, mankind, Mycoplasma mycoides, Mycoplasma mycoides genome, synthetic chromosome, synthetic DNA, Synthetic genome, synthetic life Bobby Fischer is dead! Read the Reuters Report below: Chess genius Bobby Fischer dies in Iceland Fri Jan 18, 2008 8:53am EST By Kristin Arna Bragadottir REYKJAVIK (Reuters) – Bobby Fischer, America’s first and only world chess champion, who beat the Soviet Union’s Boris Spassky in a blaze of Cold War publicity in Reykjavik in 1972, has died in Iceland at the age of 64. A spokesman for Fischer, who was feted as a national hero for beating Spassky but fell foul of U.S. authorities in his later years, confirmed that the eccentric chess genius had died but offered no further details. Rumors that Fischer, once dubbed the “Mozart of Chess”, had been ill had circulated in recent weeks on chess-related Web sites. Iceland national radio reported he had died after a serious, but unspecified, illness. Fischer, a child prodigy who once said he liked to watch his opponents squirm and who had become an Icelandic citizen, could have faced jail in the United States for violating sanctions on former Yugoslavia by playing a chess match there with Spassky. Former world chess champion Garry Kasparov hailed Fischer as “the pioneer and the father of professional chess”. Kasparov said he had followed the 1972 clash of the U.S. and Soviet titans closely. “Fischer’s chess was so fresh and so new and we all grew up under the strongest impression of Fischer’s victories,” he told Sky News television. “From an ideological stance it was the fight of an individual against a totalitarian system. He had a lot of supporters even in the Soviet Union. No one viewed him as an American fighting Soviets, it was more a great man fighting the mighty machine,” Kasparov said. Spassky, who now lives in Paris, was less eloquent on the subject of his old adversary. Asked by Reuters for his reaction, he replied: “It’s bad luck for you. Bobby Fischer is dead,” then hung up without further comment. NO DEFENCE The brilliant and unpredictable American abandoned his world title without moving a pawn by failing to defend his crown in Manila in 1975. World chess authorities reluctantly awarded it to challenger Anatoly Karpov of the Soviet Union, who was to hold it for the next decade. Fischer withdrew into himself, not playing in public and living on little more than the magic of his name, although millions of enthusiasts regarded him as the king of chess. He made headlines when he came out of seclusion to play Spassky in Yugoslavia in 1992, at a time when the country was the target of sanctions during Belgrade’s war with breakaway republics. He vanished after the match, for which he won $3 million, and resurfaced after the September 11, 2001, attacks on America. In an interview with a Philippine radio station, Fischer praised the strikes and said he wanted to see America “wiped out”. Fischer, who also stirred controversy with anti-Semitic remarks, was granted Icelandic citizenship in March 2005 after eight months in detention in Japan fighting a U.S. deportation order. Fischer always had a high opinion of himself. Asked who was the greatest player in the world, he once replied: “It’s nice to be modest, but it would be stupid if I did not tell the truth. It is Fischer.” It was not an idle claim. Arguably the greatest natural chess genius the world has seen, he was called “the Mozart of chess” when he began winning at the age of six. “SEE ‘EM SQUIRM” Fischer gained a reputation for being cocky. He told interviewers his favorite moment was when opponents began to feel they would lose. “I like to see ’em squirm,” he said. He was U.S. junior champion at 13 and U.S. Open champion at 14, retaining the title whenever he chose to defend it. He became an international grandmaster at 15, gaining the rating at his first international tournament in Yugoslavia. He once defeated 21 grandmasters in succession — no U.S. player had beaten more than seven in a row. As Fischer’s fame grew, his temperament became more unpredictable. He walked out of tournaments because of what he considered to be bad lighting or bad air conditioning. He refused to play matches on Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath. In the mid-1960s, he opted out of two world championship qualifying series because he thought the tournament system favored the Russians. In 1967, when officials would not meet his demands for better conditions, Fischer angrily withdrew from international competition “for a period of introspection”. He took his massive collection of chess books and moved to California, where he later said he had “plotted my revenge if I ever came back”. When the rules were changed in 1972 to include an eight-player eliminator to find the challenger to world champion Spassky, Fischer had the chance to prove he was as good as he always said he was. He became a national hero; Americans who had never played chess followed the Fischer saga. But by the 1990s, he was said to be living under assumed names in cheap hotels in Pasadena on the outskirts of Los Angeles, surviving on occasional royalties from his books. Former friends painted a picture of a solitary man spending much of his day in rooms littered with chess books, oranges and jars of vitamins, playing chess by himself and reading magazines on chess to keep in touch. One commentator said there was one constant through his life’s exceptional peaks and troughs — his “running battle with the rest of the human race”. (Additional reporting from Paris bureau; Editing by Peter Millership) © Reuters 2008 All rights reserved Filed under: Heroes, america, american, American chess champion, anand, bobby fischer, boris, boris spassky, chess, cuba, iceland, karpov, kasparov, life, life magazine, REYKJAVIK, spassky, US, USA, yugoslavia April 27, 2006 • 7:18 PM 2 Mumbai City Snippet “If you’re late for work…and you reach the station just as the train is leaving the platform, you …find many hands stretching out to grab you on board, unfolding outwards from the train like petals… at the moment of contact, they do not know if the hand that is reaching into theirs belongs to a Hindu or Muslim or Christian or Brahmin or untouchable, or whether you were born in this city or arrived only this morning…Come aboard they say, we’ll adjust…” Suketu Mehta – “Maximum City” Filed under: Travel, city, life, mumbai, Travel March 10, 2006 • 6:01 PM 8 Can Life exist without DNA? Red rain could prove that aliens have landed Amelia Gentleman and Robin McKie There is a small bottle containing a red fluid on a shelf in Sheffield University’s microbiology laboratory. The liquid looks cloudy and uninteresting. Yet, if one group of scientists is correct, the phial contains the first samples of extraterrestrial life isolated by researchers. Inside the bottle are samples left over from one of the strangest incidents in recent meteorological history. On 25 July, 2001, blood-red rain fell over the Kerala district of western India. And these rain bursts continued for the next two months. All along the coast it rained crimson, turning local people’s clothes pink, burning leaves on trees and falling as scarlet sheets at some points. Investigations suggested the rain was red because winds had swept up dust from Arabia and dumped it on Kerala. But Godfrey Louis, a physicist at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam, after gathering samples left over from the rains, concluded this was nonsense. ‘If you look at these particles under a microscope, you can see they are not dust, they have a clear biological appearance.’ Instead Louis decided that the rain was made up of bacteria-like material that had been swept to Earth from a passing comet. In short, it rained aliens over India during the summer of 2001. Not everyone is convinced by the idea, of course. Indeed most researchers think it is highly dubious. One scientist who posted a message on Louis’s website described it as ‘bullshit’. But a few researchers believe Louis may be on to something and are following up his work. Milton Wainwright, a microbiologist at Sheffield, is now testing samples of Kerala’s red rain. ‘It is too early to say what’s in the phial,’ he said. ‘But it is certainly not dust. Nor is there any DNA there, but then alien bacteria would not necessarily contain DNA.’ Critical to Louis’s theory is the length of time the red rain fell on Kerala. Two months is too long for it to have been wind-borne dust, he says. In addition, one analysis showed the particles were 50 per cent carbon, 45 per cent oxygen with traces of sodium and iron: consistent with biological material. Louis also discovered that, hours before the first red rain fell, there was a loud sonic boom that shook houses in Kerala. Only an incoming meteorite could have triggered such a blast, he claims. This had broken from a passing comet and shot towards the coast, shedding microbes as it travelled. These then mixed with clouds and fell with the rain. Many scientists accept that comets may be rich in organic chemicals and a few, such as the late Fred Hoyle, the UK theorist, argued that life on Earth evolved from microbes that had been brought here on comets. But most researchers say that Louis is making too great a leap in connecting his rain with microbes from a comet. For his part, Louis is unrepentant. ‘If anybody hears a theory like this, that it is from a comet, they dismiss it as an unbelievable kind of conclusion. Unless people understand our arguments – people will just rule it out as an impossible thing, that extra-terrestrial biology is responsible for this red rain.’ Filed under: Science & Technology, biology, DNA, life, science	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1069
__label__cc	0.599198	0.400802	Justia Regulation Tracker Department Of Homeland Security Coast Guard Safety Zone; AVI July Fireworks Display; Laughlin, NV, 17931-17933 [E9-9004] Safety Zone; AVI July Fireworks Display; Laughlin, NV, 17931-17933 [E9-9004] Download as PDF Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 74 / Monday, April 20, 2009 / Proposed Rules 2. Add new temporary zone § 165.T11–169 to read as follows: DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY § 165.T11–169 Safety zone; Rockets Over the River; Bullhead City, Arizona. Coast Guard (a) Location. The limits of the proposed safety zone are as follows: All navigable waters within 1200 feet of the Arizona State Land Base firing site in approximate position: 35°09.15′ N, 114°34.07′ W. (b) Enforcement Period. This section will be enforced from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. on July 4, 2009. If the event concludes prior to the scheduled termination time, the Captain of the Port will cease enforcement of this safety zone and will announce that fact via Broadcast Notice to Mariners. (c) Definitions. The following definition applies to this section: designated representative, means any commissioned, warrant, and petty officers of the Coast Guard on board Coast Guard, Coast Guard Auxiliary, and local, state, and federal law enforcement vessels who have been authorized to act on the behalf of the Captain of the Port. (d) Regulations. (1) Entry into, transit through or anchoring within this safety zone is prohibited unless authorized by the Captain of the Port of San Diego or his designated on-scene representative. (2) Mariners requesting permission to transit through the safety zone may request authorization to do so from the Patrol Commander (PATCOM). The PATCOM may be contacted on VHF–FM Channel 16. (3) All persons and vessels shall comply with the instructions of the Coast Guard Captain of the Port or the designated representative. (4) Upon being hailed by U.S. Coast Guard patrol personnel by siren, radio, flashing light, or other means, the operator of a vessel shall proceed as directed. (5) The Coast Guard may be assisted by other federal, state, or local agencies. 33 CFR Part 165 Dated: March 27, 2009. T.H. Farris, Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, Captain of the Port San Diego. [FR Doc. E9–9002 Filed 4–17–09; 8:45 am] rmajette on PRODPC74 with PROPOSALS BILLING CODE 4910–15–P VerDate Nov<24>2008 15:23 Apr 17, 2009 Jkt 217001 [Docket No. USCG–2008–1261] RIN 1625–AA00 Safety Zone; AVI July Fireworks Display; Laughlin, NV Coast Guard, DHS. Notice of proposed rulemaking. AGENCY: ACTION: SUMMARY: The Coast Guard proposes a safety zone on the navigable waters of the lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV, in support of a fireworks display near the AVI Resort and Casino. This safety zone is necessary to provide for the safety of the participants, crew, spectators, participating vessels, and other vessels and users of the waterway. Persons and vessels are prohibited from entering into, transiting through, or anchoring within this safety zone unless authorized by the Captain of the Port, or his designated representative. DATES: Comments and related material must be received by the Coast Guard on or before May 20, 2009. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments identified by docket number USCG– 2008–1261 using any one of the following methods: (1) Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. (2) Fax: 202–493–2251. (3) Mail: Docket Management Facility (M–30), U.S. Department of Transportation, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590– 0001. (4) Hand delivery: Same as mail address above, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The telephone number is 202–366–9329. To avoid duplication, please use only one of these four methods. See the ‘‘Public Participation and Request for Comments’’ portion of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section below for instructions on submitting comments. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this proposed rule, call Petty Officer Shane Jackson, USCG, Waterways Management, U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego at (619) 278–2767. If you have questions on viewing or submitting material to the docket, call Renee V. Wright, Program Manager, Docket Operations, telephone 202–366–9826. PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 17931 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Public Participation and Request for Comments We encourage you to participate in this rulemaking by submitting comments and related materials. All comments received will be posted, without change, to http:// www.regulations.gov and will include any personal information you have provided. Submitting Comments If you submit a comment, please include the docket number for this rulemaking (USCG–2008–1261), indicate the specific section of this document to which each comment applies, and provide a reason for each suggestion or recommendation. You may submit your comments and material online (via http:// www.regulations.gov) or by fax, mail or hand delivery, but please use only one of these means. If you submit a comment online via http:// www.regulations.gov, it will be considered received by the Coast Guard when you successfully transmit the comment. If you fax, hand delivery, or mail your comment, it will be considered as having been received by the Coast Guard when it is received at the Docket Management Facility. We recommend that you include your name and a mailing address, an e-mail address, or a phone number in the body of your document so that we can contact you if we have questions regarding your submission. To submit your comment online, go to http://www.regulations.gov, select the Advanced Docket Search option on the right side of the screen, insert ‘‘USCG– 2008–1261’’ in the Docket ID box, press Enter, and then click on the balloon shape in the Actions column. If you submit your comments by mail or hand delivery, submit them in an unbound format, no larger than 81⁄2 by 11 inches, suitable for copying and electronic filing. If you submit comments by mail and would like to know that they reached the Facility, please enclose a stamped, self-addressed postcard or envelope. We will consider all comments and material received during the comment period and may change the rule based on your comments. Viewing Comments and Documents To view comments, as well as documents mentioned in this preamble as being available in the docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov select the Advanced Docket Search option on the right side of the screen, insert USCG– 2008–1261 in the Docket ID box, press E:\FR\FM\20APP1.SGM 20APP1 17932 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 74 / Monday, April 20, 2009 / Proposed Rules Enter, and then click on the item in the Docket ID column. You may also visit either the Docket Management Facility in Room W12–140 on the ground floor of the Department of Transportation West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays; or the U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego, 2710 N. Harbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92101 between 8 a.m. and 2 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. We have an agreement with the Department of Transportation to use the Docket Management Facility. Privacy Act Anyone can search the electronic form of all comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review a Privacy Act notice regarding our public dockets in the January 17, 2008 issue of the Federal Register (73 FR 3316). Public Meeting We do not now plan to hold a public meeting. But you may submit a request for one using one of the four methods specified under ADDRESSES. Please explain why you believe a public meeting would be beneficial. If we determine that one would aid this rulemaking, we will hold one at a time and place announced by a later notice in the Federal Register. Background and Purpose The Coast Guard is establishing a temporary safety zone on the navigable waters of the Lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV in support of a fireworks show in the navigation channel of the Lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV. The fireworks show is being sponsored by AVI Resort and Casino. The safety zone is set at a 1,000 foot radius around the anchored firing barge. This temporary safety zone is necessary to provide for the safety of the show’s crew, spectators, participants of the event, participating vessels, and other vessels and users of the waterway. rmajette on PRODPC74 with PROPOSALS Discussion of Proposed Rule The Coast Guard proposes a safety zone that would be enforced from 8 p.m. to 9:45 p.m. on July 4, 2009. The limits of the safety zone include all navigable waters within 1,000 feet of the firing location adjacent to the AVI Resort and Casino. The zone is centered in the channel between Laughlin Bridge and the northwest point of the AVI Resort VerDate Nov<24>2008 15:23 Apr 17, 2009 Jkt 217001 and Casino Cove in position: 35°00′45″ N, 114°38′16″ W. This safety zone is necessary to provide for the safety of the crews, spectators, and participants of the event and to protect other vessels and users of the waterway. Persons and vessels will be prohibited from entering into, transiting through, or anchoring within this safety zone unless authorized by the Captain of the Port, or his designated representative. Regulatory Analyses We developed this proposed rule after considering numerous statutes and executive orders related to rulemaking. Below we summarize our analyses based on 13 of these statutes or executive orders. Regulatory Planning and Review This proposed rule is not a significant regulatory action under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, and does not require an assessment of potential costs and benefits under section 6(a)(3) of that Order. The Office of Management and Budget has not reviewed it under that Order. Although the safety zone will restrict boating traffic within the navigable waters of the Lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV, the effect of this regulation will not be significant as the safety zone will encompass only a small portion of the waterway and will be very short in duration. The entities most likely to be affected are pleasure craft engaged in recreational activities and sightseeing. As such, the Coast Guard expects the economic impact of this rule to be minimal. Small Entities Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601–612), we have considered whether this proposed rule would have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The term ‘‘small entities’’ comprises small businesses, not-for-profit organizations that are independently owned and operated and are not dominant in their fields, and governmental jurisdictions with populations of less than 50,000. The Coast Guard certifies under 5 U.S.C. 605(b) that this proposed rule would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This proposed rule would affect the following entities, some of which might be small entities: the owners or operators of vessels intending to transit or anchor in the region of the lower Colorado River adjacent to AVI Resort PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 and Casino from 8 p.m. to 9:45 p.m. on July 4, 2009. This safety zone will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities for the following reasons. The safety zone only encompasses a small portion of the waterway, it is short in duration at a relatively late hour when commercial traffic is low, and the Captain of the Port may authorize entry into the zone, if necessary. Before the effective period, the Coast Guard will publish a local notice to mariners (LNM) and will issue broadcast notice to mariners (BNM) alerts via marine channel 16 VHF before the safety zone is enforced. If you think that your business, organization, or governmental jurisdiction qualifies as a small entity and that this rule would have a significant economic impact on it, please submit a comment (see ADDRESSES) explaining why you think it qualifies and how and to what degree this rule would economically affect it. Assistance for Small Entities Under section 213(a) of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104–121), we want to assist small entities in understanding this proposed rule so that they can better evaluate its effects on them and participate in the rulemaking. If the rule would affect your small business, organization, or governmental jurisdiction and you have questions concerning its provisions or options for compliance, please contact Petty Officer Shane Jackson, USCG, Waterways Management, U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego at (619) 278–7267. The Coast Guard will not retaliate against small entities that question or complain about this rule or any policy or action of the Coast Guard. Collection of Information This proposed rule would call for no new collection of information under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501–3520.). Federalism A rule has implications for federalism under Executive Order 13132, Federalism, if it has a substantial direct effect on State or local governments and would either preempt State law or impose a substantial direct cost of compliance on them. We have analyzed this proposed rule under that Order and have determined that it does not have implications for federalism. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531–1538) requires E:\FR\FM\20APP1.SGM 20APP1 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 74 / Monday, April 20, 2009 / Proposed Rules Federal agencies to assess the effects of their discretionary regulatory actions. In particular, the Act addresses actions that may result in the expenditure by a State, local, or tribal government, in the aggregate, or by the private sector of $100,000,000 or more in any one year. Though this proposed rule would not result in such an expenditure, we do discuss the effects of this rule elsewhere in this preamble. Taking of Private Property This proposed rule would not effect a taking of private property or otherwise have taking implications under Executive Order 12630, Governmental Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights. Civil Justice Reform This proposed rule meets applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize litigation, eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden. Protection of Children We have analyzed this proposed rule under Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks. This rule is not an economically significant rule and would not create an environmental risk to health or risk to safety that might disproportionately affect children. rmajette on PRODPC74 with PROPOSALS Indian Tribal Governments This proposed rule does not have tribal implications under Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments, because it would not have a substantial direct effect on one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes. Energy Effects We have analyzed this proposed rule under Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use. We have determined that it is not a ‘‘significant energy action’’ under that order because it is not a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’ under Executive Order 12866 and is not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy. The Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs has not designated it as a significant energy action. Therefore, it does not VerDate Nov<24>2008 15:23 Apr 17, 2009 Jkt 217001 require a Statement of Energy Effects under Executive Order 13211. Technical Standards The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs agencies to use voluntary consensus standards in their regulatory activities unless the agency provides Congress, through the Office of Management and Budget, with an explanation of why using these standards would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards (e.g., specifications of materials, performance, design, or operation; test methods; sampling procedures; and related management systems practices) that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies. This proposed rule does not use technical standards. Therefore, we did not consider the use of voluntary consensus standards. Environment We have analyzed this proposed rule under Department of Homeland Security Management Directive 0023.1 and Commandant Instruction M16475.lD, which guide the Coast Guard in complying with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321–4370f), and have made a preliminary determination under the Instruction that this action is one of a category of actions which do not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment. A preliminary environmental analysis checklist supporting this determination is available in the docket where indicated under ADDRESSES. This rule involves the establishment of a safety zone around a pyrotechnics firing site. We seek any comments or information that may lead to the discovery of a significant environmental impact from this proposed rule. List of Subjects in 33 CFR Part 165 Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Security measures, Waterways. For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Coast Guard proposes to amend 33 CFR part 165 as follows: PART 165—REGULATED NAVIGATION AREAS AND LIMITED ACCESS AREAS 1. The authority citation for part 165 continues to read as follows: Authority: 33 U.S.C. 122, 1231; 46 U.S.C. Chapter 701; 50 U.S.C. 191, 195; 33 CFR PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 17933 1.05–1, 6.04–1, 6.04–6, and 160.5; Public Law 107–295, 116 Stat. 2064; Department of Homeland Security Delegation No. 0170.1. 2. Add new temporary safety zone § 165.T11–167: § 165.T11–167 AVI July Fireworks Display; Laughlin, Nevada. (a) Location. The limits of the proposed safety zone are as follows: all navigable waters within 1000 feet of the firing location adjacent to the AVI Resort and Casino, centered in the channel between Laughlin Bridge and the northwest point of the AVI Resort and Casino Cove in position: 35°00′45″ N, 114°38′16″ W. (b) Enforcement Period. This section will be enforced from 8 p.m. to 9:45 p.m. on July 4, 2009. If the event concludes prior to the scheduled termination time, the Captain of the Port will cease enforcement of this safety zone and will announce that fact via Broadcast Notice to Mariners. (c) Definitions. The following definition applies to this section: designated representative, means any commissioned, warrant, and petty officers of the Coast Guard on board Coast Guard, Coast Guard Auxiliary, and local, state, and federal law enforcement vessels who have been authorized to act on the behalf of the Captain of the Port. (d) Regulations. (1) Entry into, transit through or anchoring within this safety zone is prohibited unless authorized by the Captain of the Port of San Diego or his designated on-scene representative. (2) Mariners requesting permission to transit through the safety zone may request authorization to do so from the Patrol Commander (PATCOM). The PATCOM may be contacted on VHF–FM Channel 16. (3) All persons and vessels shall comply with the instructions of the Coast Guard Captain of the Port or the designated representative. (4) Upon being hailed by U.S. Coast Guard patrol personnel by siren, radio, flashing light, or other means, the operator of a vessel shall proceed as directed. (5) The Coast Guard may be assisted by other federal, state, or local agencies. Dated: March 27, 2009. T.H. Farris, Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, Captain of the Port San Diego. [FR Doc. E9–9004 Filed 4–17–09; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910–15–P E:\FR\FM\20APP1.SGM 20APP1 [Federal Register Volume 74, Number 74 (Monday, April 20, 2009)] [FR Doc No: E9-9004] 33 CFR Part 165 [Docket No. USCG-2008-1261] RIN 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; AVI July Fireworks Display; Laughlin, NV AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard proposes a safety zone on the navigable waters of the lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV, in support of a fireworks display near the AVI Resort and Casino. This safety zone is necessary to provide for the safety of the participants, crew, spectators, participating vessels, and other vessels and users of the waterway. Persons and vessels are prohibited from entering into, transiting through, or anchoring within this safety zone unless authorized by the Captain of the Port, or his designated representative. DATES: Comments and related material must be received by the Coast Guard on or before May 20, 2009. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments identified by docket number USCG- 2008-1261 using any one of the following methods: (1) Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. (2) Fax: 202-493-2251. (3) Mail: Docket Management Facility (M-30), U.S. Department of Transportation, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001. (4) Hand delivery: Same as mail address above, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The telephone number is 202-366-9329. To avoid duplication, please use only one of these four methods. See the ``Public Participation and Request for Comments'' portion of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section below for instructions on submitting comments. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this proposed rule, call Petty Officer Shane Jackson, USCG, Waterways Management, U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego at (619) 278-2767. If you have questions on viewing or submitting material to the docket, call Renee V. Wright, Program Manager, Docket Operations, telephone 202-366-9826. Public Participation and Request for Comments We encourage you to participate in this rulemaking by submitting comments and related materials. All comments received will be posted, without change, to http://www.regulations.gov and will include any personal information you have provided. Submitting Comments If you submit a comment, please include the docket number for this rulemaking (USCG-2008-1261), indicate the specific section of this document to which each comment applies, and provide a reason for each suggestion or recommendation. You may submit your comments and material online (via http://www.regulations.gov) or by fax, mail or hand delivery, but please use only one of these means. If you submit a comment online via http://www.regulations.gov, it will be considered received by the Coast Guard when you successfully transmit the comment. If you fax, hand delivery, or mail your comment, it will be considered as having been received by the Coast Guard when it is received at the Docket Management Facility. We recommend that you include your name and a mailing address, an e-mail address, or a phone number in the body of your document so that we can contact you if we have questions regarding your submission. To submit your comment online, go to http://www.regulations.gov, select the Advanced Docket Search option on the right side of the screen, insert ``USCG-2008-1261'' in the Docket ID box, press Enter, and then click on the balloon shape in the Actions column. If you submit your comments by mail or hand delivery, submit them in an unbound format, no larger than 8\1/2\ by 11 inches, suitable for copying and electronic filing. If you submit comments by mail and would like to know that they reached the Facility, please enclose a stamped, self-addressed postcard or envelope. We will consider all comments and material received during the comment period and may change the rule based on your comments. Viewing Comments and Documents To view comments, as well as documents mentioned in this preamble as being available in the docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov screen, insert USCG-2008-1261 in the Docket ID box, press Enter, and then click on the item in the Docket ID column. You may also visit either the Docket Management Facility in Room W12-140 on the ground floor of the Department of Transportation West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays; or the U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego, 2710 N. Harbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92101 between 8 a.m. and 2 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. We have an agreement with the Department of Transportation to use the Docket Management Facility. Anyone can search the electronic form of all comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review a Privacy Act notice regarding our public dockets in the January 17, 2008 issue of the Federal Register (73 FR 3316). We do not now plan to hold a public meeting. But you may submit a request for one using one of the four methods specified under ADDRESSES. Please explain why you believe a public meeting would be beneficial. If we determine that one would aid this rulemaking, we will hold one at a time and place announced by a later notice in the Federal Background and Purpose The Coast Guard is establishing a temporary safety zone on the navigable waters of the Lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV in support of a fireworks show in the navigation channel of the Lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV. The fireworks show is being sponsored by AVI Resort and Casino. The safety zone is set at a 1,000 foot radius around the anchored firing barge. This temporary safety zone is necessary to provide for the safety of the show's crew, spectators, participants of the event, participating vessels, and other vessels and users of the waterway. Discussion of Proposed Rule The Coast Guard proposes a safety zone that would be enforced from 8 p.m. to 9:45 p.m. on July 4, 2009. The limits of the safety zone include all navigable waters within 1,000 feet of the firing location adjacent to the AVI Resort and Casino. The zone is centered in the channel between Laughlin Bridge and the northwest point of the AVI Resort and Casino Cove in position: 35[deg]00[min]45[sec] N, 114[deg]38[min]16[sec] W. This safety zone is necessary to provide for the safety of the crews, spectators, and participants of the event and to protect other vessels and users of the waterway. Persons and vessels will be prohibited from entering into, transiting through, or anchoring within this safety zone unless authorized by the Captain of the Port, or his designated representative. Regulatory Analyses We developed this proposed rule after considering numerous statutes and executive orders related to rulemaking. Below we summarize our analyses based on 13 of these statutes or executive orders. Regulatory Planning and Review This proposed rule is not a significant regulatory action under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, and does not require an assessment of potential costs and benefits under section 6(a)(3) of that Order. The Office of Management and Budget has not reviewed it under that Order. Although the safety zone will restrict boating traffic within the navigable waters of the Lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV, the effect of this regulation will not be significant as the safety zone will encompass only a small portion of the waterway and will be very short in duration. The entities most likely to be affected are pleasure craft engaged in recreational activities and sightseeing. As such, the Coast Guard expects the economic impact of this rule to be minimal. Small Entities Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601-612), we have considered whether this proposed rule would have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The term ``small entities'' comprises small businesses, not-for-profit organizations that are independently owned and operated and are not dominant in their fields, and governmental jurisdictions with populations of less than The Coast Guard certifies under 5 U.S.C. 605(b) that this proposed rule would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This proposed rule would affect the following entities, some of which might be small entities: the owners or operators of vessels intending to transit or anchor in the region of the lower Colorado River adjacent to AVI Resort and Casino from 8 p.m. to 9:45 p.m. on July 4, 2009. This safety zone will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities for the following reasons. The safety zone only encompasses a small portion of the waterway, it is short in duration at a relatively late hour when commercial traffic is low, and the Captain of the Port may authorize entry into the zone, if necessary. Before the effective period, the Coast Guard will publish a local notice to mariners (LNM) and will issue broadcast notice to mariners (BNM) alerts via marine channel 16 VHF before the safety zone is enforced. If you think that your business, organization, or governmental jurisdiction qualifies as a small entity and that this rule would have a significant economic impact on it, please submit a comment (see ADDRESSES) explaining why you think it qualifies and how and to what degree this rule would economically affect it. Assistance for Small Entities Under section 213(a) of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121), we want to assist small entities in understanding this proposed rule so that they can better evaluate its effects on them and participate in the rulemaking. If the rule would affect your small business, organization, or governmental jurisdiction and you have questions concerning its provisions or options for compliance, please contact Petty Officer Shane Jackson, USCG, Waterways Management, U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego at (619) 278-7267. The Coast Guard will not retaliate against small entities that question or complain about this rule or any policy or action of the Coast Guard. This proposed rule would call for no new collection of information under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520.). A rule has implications for federalism under Executive Order 13132, Federalism, if it has a substantial direct effect on State or local governments and would either preempt State law or impose a substantial direct cost of compliance on them. We have analyzed this proposed rule under that Order and have determined that it does not have implications for federalism. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531-1538) Federal agencies to assess the effects of their discretionary regulatory actions. In particular, the Act addresses actions that may result in the expenditure by a State, local, or tribal government, in the aggregate, or by the private sector of $100,000,000 or more in any one year. Though this proposed rule would not result in such an expenditure, we do discuss the effects of this rule elsewhere in this preamble. Taking of Private Property This proposed rule would not effect a taking of private property or otherwise have taking implications under Executive Order 12630, Governmental Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights. Civil Justice Reform This proposed rule meets applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize litigation, eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden. We have analyzed this proposed rule under Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks. This rule is not an economically significant rule and would not create an environmental risk to health or risk to safety that might disproportionately affect children. This proposed rule does not have tribal implications under Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments, because it would not have a substantial direct effect on one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes. Energy Effects Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use. We have determined that it is not a ``significant energy action'' under that order because it is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive Order 12866 and is not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy. The Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs has not designated it as a significant energy action. Therefore, it does not require a Statement of Energy Effects under Executive Order 13211. The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs agencies to use voluntary consensus standards in their regulatory activities unless the agency provides Congress, through the Office of Management and Budget, with an explanation of why using these standards would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards (e.g., specifications of materials, performance, design, or operation; test methods; sampling procedures; and related management systems practices) that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies. This proposed rule does not use technical standards. Therefore, we did not consider the use of voluntary consensus standards. We have analyzed this proposed rule under Department of Homeland Security Management Directive 0023.1 and Commandant Instruction M16475.lD, which guide the Coast Guard in complying with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321-4370f), and have made a preliminary determination under the Instruction that this action is one of a category of actions which do not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment. A preliminary environmental analysis checklist supporting this determination is available in the docket where indicated under ADDRESSES. This rule involves the establishment of a safety zone around a pyrotechnics firing site. We seek any comments or information that may lead to the discovery of a significant environmental impact from this proposed rule. List of Subjects in 33 CFR Part 165 Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Security measures, Waterways. For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Coast Guard proposes to amend 33 CFR part 165 as follows: PART 165--REGULATED NAVIGATION AREAS AND LIMITED ACCESS AREAS 1. The authority citation for part 165 continues to read as Authority: 33 U.S.C. 122, 1231; 46 U.S.C. Chapter 701; 50 U.S.C. 191, 195; 33 CFR 1.05-1, 6.04-1, 6.04-6, and 160.5; Public Law 107-295, 116 Stat. 2064; Department of Homeland Security Delegation No. 0170.1. 2. Add new temporary safety zone Sec. 165.T11-167: Sec. 165.T11-167 AVI July Fireworks Display; Laughlin, Nevada. (a) Location. The limits of the proposed safety zone are as follows: all navigable waters within 1000 feet of the firing location adjacent to the AVI Resort and Casino, centered in the channel between Laughlin Bridge and the northwest point of the AVI Resort and Casino Cove in position: 35[deg]00[min]45[sec] N, 114[deg]38[min]16[sec] W. (b) Enforcement Period. This section will be enforced from 8 p.m. to 9:45 p.m. on July 4, 2009. If the event concludes prior to the scheduled termination time, the Captain of the Port will cease enforcement of this safety zone and will announce that fact via Broadcast Notice to Mariners. (c) Definitions. The following definition applies to this section: designated representative, means any commissioned, warrant, and petty officers of the Coast Guard on board Coast Guard, Coast Guard Auxiliary, and local, state, and federal law enforcement vessels who have been authorized to act on the behalf of the Captain of the Port. (d) Regulations. (1) Entry into, transit through or anchoring within this safety zone is prohibited unless authorized by the Captain of the Port of San Diego or his designated on-scene representative. (2) Mariners requesting permission to transit through the safety zone may request authorization to do so from the Patrol Commander (PATCOM). The PATCOM may be contacted on VHF-FM Channel 16. (3) All persons and vessels shall comply with the instructions of the Coast Guard Captain of the Port or the designated representative. (4) Upon being hailed by U.S. Coast Guard patrol personnel by siren, radio, flashing light, or other means, the operator of a vessel shall proceed as directed. (5) The Coast Guard may be assisted by other federal, state, or local agencies. T.H. Farris, Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, Captain of the Port San Diego. [FR Doc. E9-9004 Filed 4-17-09; 8:45 am]	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1070
__label__wiki	0.883612	0.883612	Justia Regulation Tracker Agencies and Commissions Library of Congress Library of Congress - Browse by Department Copyright Office, Library of Congress Copyright Royalty Board, Library of Congress Library of Congress – Federal Register Recent Federal Regulation Documents Adjustment of Cable Statutory License Royalty Rates Agency: Copyright Royalty Board, Library of Congress, Library of Congress, Agencies and Commissions The Copyright Royalty Judges (Judges) announce partial settlement of the proceeding to adjust the rates for the cable statutory license described in section 111 of the Copyright Act (Rate Adjustment Proceeding). The Judges also announce commencement of further proceedings resulting from action by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) effecting a change in the Sports Rule. Any party that has filed a Petition to Participate in the present proceeding may file a Notice of Intent to Participate in the Sports Rule Surcharge portion of the proceeding without payment of a further filing fee. Any other party in interest wishing to participate in the Sports Rule Surcharge portion of the proceeding must file its Petition to Participate and pay the $150 filing fee. The Copyright Royalty Judges (Judges) publish for comment proposed regulations governing royalty rates and terms for the distant retransmission of over-the-air television and radio broadcast stations by cable television systems to their subscribers. Section 512 Study: Notice of Location Change for New York Public Roundtables Agency: Library of Congress, Agencies and Commissions The United States Copyright Office has changed the location of the May 2 and 3, 2016 public roundtables on the section 512 study. The public roundtables in New York and California were originally announced in the Office's Notice of Inquiry on March 18, 2016. See 81 FR 14896. The May 2 and 3, 2016 public roundtables in New York will now be held in Room 506 of the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Centre Street, New York, New York, 10007. Section 512 Study: Extension of Time To Submit Requests To Participate in Roundtable Agency: Library of Congress, Agencies and Commissions, Copyright Office The United States Copyright Office is extending the deadline for the submission of requests to participate in the section 512 roundtables in New York and California, which were announced in its March 18, 2016 Notice of Inquiry. See 81 FR 14896. Software-Enabled Consumer Products Study and Section 1201 Study: Announcement of Public Roundtables The United States Copyright Office has issued Notices of Inquiry (``NOIs'') announcing separate public studies on software- enabled consumer products and section 1201 of title 17. In addition to soliciting written comments on these issues, the Office is now announcing public roundtables for these studies to provide forums for interested members of the public to address the issues set forth in the NOIs. DATES AND ADDRESSES: Public roundtables for the above-referenced Copyright Office studies will be held on the dates and at the locations provided below. The roundtables for the two studies are being held on consecutive dates in each location to accommodate parties who may have an interest in attending both. Software-Enabled Consumer Products Study: For its study on software-enabled consumer products, the Office will hold public roundtables in Washington, DC and San Francisco, CA. The roundtable in Washington will take place on May 18, 2016, at the Library of Congress's Madison Building, 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540, from 9:00 a.m. to approximately 5:00 p.m. The roundtable in San Francisco will take place on May 24, 2016, at Hastings School of Law, 200 McAllister Street, San Francisco, CA 94102, from 9:00 a.m. to approximately 5:00 p.m. Section 1201 Study: Likewise, for its study on section 1201, the Office will hold public roundtables in Washington, DC and San Francisco, CA. The roundtable in Washington will take place on May 19 and May 20, 2016, at the Library of Congress's Madison Building, 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540, from 9:00 a.m. to approximately 5:00 p.m. on the first day, and from 9:00 a.m. to approximately 1:00 p.m. on the second day. The roundtable in San Francisco will take place on May 25 and May 26, 2016, at Hastings School of Law, 200 McAllister Street, San Francisco, CA 94102, from 9:00 a.m. to approximately 5:00 p.m. on the first day, and from 9:00 a.m. to approximately 1:00 p.m. on the second day. Additional information, including instructions for submitting requests to participate in the roundtables, is available on the Copyright Office Web site at http://copyright.gov/policy/software/ (software-enabled consumer products) and http://copyright.gov/policy/ 1201/ (section 1201). Requests to participate in the roundtables must be received by the Copyright Office by April 18, 2016. If you are unable to access a computer or the internet, please contact the Office using the contact information below for special instructions. Distribution of the 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 Cable Royalty Funds The Copyright Royalty Judges announce the final Phase II distribution of cable royalty funds for the years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 for the Program Suppliers programming category. Section 512 Study: Announcement of Public Roundtables The United States Copyright Office has undertaken a study to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the DMCA safe harbor provisions contained in 17 U.S.C. 512. On December 31, 2015, the Office issued a Notice of Inquiry (``NOI'') soliciting written comments in response to a number of topics relating to section 512. See 80 FR 81862. The due date for initial written comments in response to the NOI is April 1, 2016. See 81 FR 11294. At this time, the Office is announcing it will hold two two-day public roundtables on DMCA safe harbor issues in New York, New York and Stanford, California in May 2016. Section 512 Study: Extension of Comment Period The United States Copyright Office is extending the deadline for the submission of written comments in response to its December 31, 2015 Notice of Inquiry regarding the operation of section 512 of Title 17. Information Technology Upgrades for a Twenty-First Century Copyright Office The U.S. Copyright Office has prepared a Provisional Information Technology Modernization Plan (``IT Plan'') at the direction of Congress that details necessary IT upgrades to transform the Office to better meet the needs of the current and future copyright system. As further directed by Congress, the Register is seeking public comments to help inform the Office on the funding strategy and implementation timeline for the IT Plan. Distribution of 2014 Cable Royalty Funds The Copyright Royalty Judges solicit comments on a motion of Phase I claimants for partial distribution of 2014 cable royalty funds. Proceedings of the Copyright Royalty Board; Technical Amendment The Copyright Royalty Judges are adopting a technical amendment to a Copyright Royalty Board rule regarding participation in distribution proceedings. The technical amendment updates the threshold requirement for payment of a filing fee to conform the rule to a statutory provision. Section 1201 Study: Extension of Comment Period The United States Copyright Office is extending the deadlines for the submission of written comments in response to its December 29, 2015 Notice of Inquiry regarding the operation of section 1201 of Title 17. Notice of Intent To Audit; Correction The Copyright Royalty Judges published a document in the Federal Register of January 22, 2016, announcing receipt of five notices of intent to audit several broadcasters. The document contained incorrect dates in the summary section. Notice of Intent To Audit The U.S. Copyright Office is announcing receipt of twelve notices of intent to audit certain 2012 and 2013 statements of account filed by cable operators and satellite carriers pursuant to the section 111 and 119 statutory licenses. The Copyright Royalty Judges announce receipt of four notices of intent to audit the 2012, 2013, and 2014 statements of account submitted by commercial webcasters Batanga, DMX, Muzak Inc., and the 2013 and 2014 statements of account submitted by commercial webcaster Pandora Media Inc., concerning the royalty payments each made pursuant to two statutory licenses. The Copyright Royalty Judges announce receipt of a notice of intent to audit the 2012, 2013, and 2014 statements of account of DMX concerning the royalty payments its New Subscription Service made pursuant to two statutory licenses. The Copyright Royalty Judges announce receipt of a notice of intent to audit the 2012, 2013, and 2014 statements of account of Muzak LLC concerning the royalty payments its Preexisting Subscription Service made pursuant to two statutory licenses. The Copyright Royalty Judges announce receipt of five notices of intent to audit the 2012, 2013, and 2014 statements of account submitted by broadcasters Beasley Broadcast Group Inc., Greater Media Inc., Saga Communications Inc., and Univision Communications Inc. and the 2013 and 2014 statements of account submitted by broadcaster Townsquare Media Broadcasting concerning royalty payments each made pursuant to two statutory licenses. The Copyright Royalty Judges announce receipt of two notices of intent to audit the 2012, 2013, and 2014 statements of account submitted by DMX and Muzak LLC concerning the royalty payments their Business Establishment Services made pursuant to two statutory licenses. Determination of Rates and Terms for Public Broadcasting (PB III) 1 The Copyright Royalty Judges announce commencement of a proceeding to determine reasonable rates and terms for the use of certain copyrighted works by public broadcasting entities \2\ for the period beginning January 1, 2018, and ending December 31, 2022. The Copyright Royalty Judges also announce the date by which a party wishing to participate in the rate determination proceeding must file its Petition to Participate and the accompanying $150 filing fee. Determination of Rates and Terms for Satellite Radio and “Preexisting” Subscription Services (SDARS III 1 The Copyright Royalty Judges announce commencement of a proceeding to determine reasonable rates and terms for the digital performance of sound recordings and the making of ephemeral recordings by satellite radio and ``preexisting'' subscription services \2\ for the period beginning January 1, 2018, and ending December 31, 2022. The Copyright Royalty Judges also announce the date by which a party wishing to participate in the rate determination proceeding must file its Petition to Participate and the accompanying $150 filing fee. Determination of Rates and Terms for Making and Distributing Phonorecords (Phonorecords III) The Copyright Royalty Judges announce commencement of a proceeding to determine reasonable rates and terms for making and distributing phonorecords for the period beginning January 1, 2018, and ending December 31, 2022. The Copyright Royalty Judges also announce the date by which a party wishing to participate in the rate determination proceeding must file its Petition to Participate and the accompanying $150 filing fee. Section 512 Study: Notice and Request for Public Comment The United States Copyright Office is undertaking a public study to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the DMCA safe harbor provisions contained in 17 U.S.C. 512. Among other issues, the Office will consider the costs and burdens of the notice-and-takedown process on large- and small-scale copyright owners, online service providers, and the general public. The Office will also review how successfully section 512 addresses online infringement and protects against improper takedown notices. To aid in this effort, and to provide thorough assistance to Congress, the Office is seeking public input on a number of key questions. Section 1201 Study: Notice and Request for Public Comment The United States Copyright Office is undertaking a public study to assess the operation of section 1201 of Title 17, including the triennial rulemaking process established under the DMCA to adopt exemptions to the prohibition against circumvention of technological measures that control access to copyrighted works. To aid this effort, and to ensure thorough assistance to Congress, the Office is seeking public input on a number of key questions. Distribution of Cable and Satellite Royalty Funds The Copyright Royalty Judges are soliciting comments on a motion by Independent Producers Group for a partial distribution of royalty funds. Software-Enabled Consumer Products Study: Notice and Request for Public Comment The U.S. Copyright Office is undertaking a study at the request of Congress to review the role of copyright law with respect to software-enabled consumer products. The topics of public inquiry include whether the application of copyright law to software in everyday products enables or frustrates innovation and creativity in the design, distribution and legitimate uses of new products and innovative services. The Office also is seeking information as to whether legitimate interests or business models for copyright owners and users could be improved or undermined by changes to the copyright law in this area. This is a highly specific study not intended to examine or address more general questions about software and copyright protection. Copyright Royalty Judges' Ability To Set Rates and Terms That Distinguish Among Different Types or Categories of Licensors The Copyright Royalty Judges (``CRJs'') referred a question of substantive law to the Register of Copyrights for resolution. The question asked whether section 114 of the Copyright Act or any other applicable provision of the Act prohibits the CRJs from setting rates and terms that distinguish among different types or categories of licensors. In a written opinion that was transmitted to the CRJs, the Register determined that the question was not properly presented in the proceeding and therefore the Register did not opine on its merits. That opinion is reproduced below. Cost of Living Adjustment to Satellite Carrier Compulsory License Royalty Rates The Copyright Royalty Judges announce a cost of living adjustment (COLA) of 0% in the royalty rates satellite carriers pay for a compulsory license under the Copyright Act. The COLA is based on the change in the Consumer Price Index from October 2014 to October 2015. Cost of Living Adjustment for Performance of Musical Compositions by Colleges and Universities The Copyright Royalty Judges announce a cost of living adjustment (COLA) of 2% in the royalty rates that colleges, universities, and other educational institutions not affiliated with National Public Radio pay for the use of published nondramatic musical compositions in the SESAC repertory for the statutory license under the Copyright Act for noncommercial broadcasting. Distribution of 2014 DART Sound Recordings Fund Royalties (Copyright Owners and Featured Artists Subfunds) The Copyright Royalty Judges solicit comments on a motion for partial distribution in connection with 2014 DART Sound Recordings Fund royalties. Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies In this final rule, the Librarian of Congress adopts exemptions to the provision of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (``DMCA'') that prohibits circumvention of technological measures that control access to copyrighted works, codified in section 1201(a)(1) of title 17 of the United States Code. As required under the statute, the Register of Copyrights, following a public proceeding, submitted a Recommendation concerning proposed exemptions to the Librarian of Congress. After careful consideration, the Librarian adopts final regulations based upon the Register's Recommendation. Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings and Ephemeral Recordings The Copyright Royalty Judges publish final regulations that set the rates and terms for the digital performances of sound recordings by certain public radio stations and for the making of ephemeral recordings necessary to facilitate those transmissions for the period commencing January 1, 2016, and ending on December 31, 2020. Scope of the Copyright Royalty Judges' Continuing Jurisdiction The Copyright Royalty Judges (``CRJs''), acting pursuant to statute, referred novel material questions of substantive law to the Register of Copyrights for resolution. Those questions concerned the manner and extent to which section 114(f)(5)(C) of the Copyright Act bars the CRJs from admitting into evidence or otherwise considering the provisions contained in settlement agreements reached pursuant to the Webcaster Settlement Act of 2009. The Register resolved those questions in a written decision that was transmitted to the CRJs. That decision is reproduced below. The Copyright Royalty Judges publish final regulations that set the rates and terms for the digital performances of sound recordings by certain noncommercial educational webcasters and for the making of ephemeral recordings necessary to facilitate those transmissions for the period commencing January 1, 2016, and ending on December 31, 2020. Determination of Terms and Royalty Rates for Ephemeral Reproductions and Public Performance of Sound Recordings by a New Subscription Service The Copyright Royalty Judges publish final regulations that set the rates and terms for the use of sound recordings via digital transmissions made by new subscription services and for the making of ephemeral recordings to facilitate those transmissions during the period commencing January 1, 2016, and ending on December 31, 2020. The Copyright Royalty Judges (Judges) announce the commencement of a proceeding to adjust the rates for the cable statutory license described in section 111 of the Copyright Act. The Judges also announce the date by which a party who wishes to participate in the proceeding must file its Petition to Participate and pay the $150 filing fee. Mass Digitization Pilot Program; Request for Comments Agency: Library of Congress, Agencies and Commissions, United States Copyright Office The U.S. Copyright Office is developing a limited pilot program and corresponding draft legislation that would establish a legal framework known as extended collective licensing for certain mass digitization activities that are currently beyond the reach of the Copyright Act. This request provides the opportunity for interested parties to submit specific recommendations regarding the operational aspects of the pilot program, within the parameters and legal framework described in the Office's Orphan Works and Mass Digitization report. In re Distribution of Cable Royalty Funds; In re Distribution of Satellite Royalty Funds The Copyright Royalty Board announces the commencement of proceedings to determine distribution of 2013 royalties deposited with the Copyright Office under the cable service statutory license and the satellite carrier statutory license. The Judges also set the date by which all parties wishing to participate and share in the distribution of cable or satellite retransmission royalties for 2013 must file a Petition to Participate and pay the accompanying $150 filing fee. The Judges seek a single Petition to Participate at any stage of the cable royalty proceeding and a separate Petition to Participate at any stage of the satellite royalty proceeding. The Copyright Royalty Judges (``CRJs''), acting pursuant to statute, referred novel material questions of substantive law to the Register of Copyrights for resolution. Those questions concerned the scope of the CRJs' authority, under the statutory grant of continuing jurisdiction over ratemaking determinations, to issue a clarifying interpretation of regulations adopted pursuant to such a determination. The Register resolved those questions in a written decision that was transmitted to the CRJs. That decision is reproduced below. Copyright Protection for Certain Visual Works The U.S. Copyright Office is reviewing how certain visual works, particularly photographs, graphic artworks, and illustrations, are monetized, enforced, and registered under the Copyright Act. The Office seeks commentary on the current marketplace for these visual works, as well as observations regarding the real or potential obstacles that authors, and, as applicable, their licensees or other representatives face when navigating the digital landscape. This work builds upon previous studies and public inquiries in a number of areas, including small claims, the making available right, resale royalties, registration, recordation, and the interoperability of records. As always, the Office is interested in the perspectives of copyright owners as well as users of these creative works. This is a general inquiry that will likely lead to additional specific inquiries. The Copyright Royalty Judges announce a cost of living adjustment (COLA) of 1.7% in the royalty rates satellite carriers pay for a compulsory license under the Copyright Act. The COLA is based on the change in the Consumer Price Index from October 2013 to October 2014. Determination of Royalty Rates for Secondary Transmissions of Broadcasts by Satellite Carriers and Distributors: Withdrawal The announcement of the commencement of a proceeding published on March 30, 2015, 80 FR 16702 is withdrawn. Preregistration and Registration of Claims to Copyright Document Number: granule305 Type: Unknown https://regulations.justia.com/regulations/fedreg/2015/04/10/granule305.html Notice of Public Hearings: Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies The United States Copyright Office will be holding public hearings as part of the sixth triennial rulemaking proceeding under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (``DMCA'') concerning possible exemptions to the DMCA's prohibition against circumvention of technological measures that control access to copyrighted works. The public hearings will be held in May 2014 in Los Angeles, California and Washington, DC. Parties interested in testifying at the public hearings are invited to submit requests to testify pursuant to the instructions set forth below. Determination of Royalty Rates for Secondary Transmissions of Broadcasts by Satellite Carriers and Distributors The Copyright Royalty Judges (Judges) announce commencement of a proceeding to determine rates for the satellite carrier statutory license described in section 119 of the Copyright Act for the license period January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2019. The Copyright Royalty Judges are publishing for comment proposed regulations governing the rates and terms for the digital performances of sound recordings by certain public radio stations and for the making of ephemeral recordings necessary to facilitate those transmissions for the period commencing January 1, 2016, and ending on December 31, 2020. Distribution of the 2013 Digital Audio Recording Technology Royalty Funds The Copyright Royalty Board is announcing the commencement of a proceeding to determine the distribution of the digital audio recording technology royalty fees in the 2013 Sound Recordings Fund (Copyright Owners and Featured Recording Artists Subfunds). The Board is also announcing the date by which a party who wishes to participate in this proceeding must file its Petition to Participate and the accompanying $150 filing fee, if applicable. Finally, the Board is announcing the Copyright Royalty Judges' intention to conduct a paper proceeding. Distribution of 1998 and 1999 Cable Royalty Funds The Copyright Royalty Judges announce the final Phase II distribution of cable royalty funds for the year 1999. The judges issued their initial determination in December 2014 and received no motions for rehearing. Distribution of 2013 Satellite Royalty Funds The Copyright Royalty Judges solicit comments on a motion of Phase I claimants for partial distribution of 2013 satellite royalty funds. Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1071
__label__wiki	0.506156	0.506156	Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): MTU Negotiation RFC - Proposed Standard (September 2017; No errata) Updates RFC 7780, RFC 6325, RFC 7177 Was draft-ietf-trill-mtu-negotiation (trill WG) draft-zhang-trill-mtu-negotiation plain text html pdf htmlized bibtex TSVART Telechat Review (of -06): Not Ready GENART Telechat Review (of -06): Ready GENART Last Call Review (of -05): Ready with Issues SECDIR Last Call Review (of -05): Has Issues RTGDIR Early Review (of -02): Has Nits WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication Document shepherd Susan Hares Shepherd write-up Show (last changed 2017-01-13) RFC 8249 (Proposed Standard) Alia Atlas IANA review state Version Changed - Review Needed IANA action state RFC-Ed-Ack Email authors Email WG IPR 1 References Referenced by Nits Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Zhang Request for Comments: 8249 X. Zhang Updates: 6325, 7177, 7780 D. Eastlake 3rd Category: Standards Track Huawei ISSN: 2070-1721 R. Perlman S. Chatterjee Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): MTU Negotiation The base IETF TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) protocol has a TRILL campus-wide MTU feature, specified in RFCs 6325 and 7177, that assures that link-state changes can be successfully flooded throughout the campus while being able to take advantage of a campus-wide capability to support jumbo packets. This document specifies recommended updates to that MTU feature to take advantage, for appropriate link-local packets, of link-local MTUs that exceed the TRILL campus MTU. In addition, it specifies an efficient algorithm for local MTU testing. This document updates RFCs 6325, 7177, and 7780. (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8249. Zhang, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 8249 MTU Negotiation September 2017 2. Link-Wide TRILL MTU Size ........................................4 2.1. Operations .................................................5 3. Testing Link MTU Size ...........................................6 4. Refreshing Sz ...................................................8 5. Relationship between Port MTU, Lz, and Sz .......................9 6. LSP Synchronization ............................................10 7. Recommendations for Traffic Link Testing of MTU Size ...........10 10. Additions to Configuration ....................................12 10.1. Per-RBridge Configuration ................................12 10.2. Per-RBridge Port Configuration ...........................12 Acknowledgements ..................................................14 Authors' Addresses ................................................14 [RFC6325] describes the way RBridges agree on the campus-wide minimum acceptable inter-RBridge MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) size (called "Sz") to ensure that link-state flooding operates properly and all RBridges converge to the same link state. For the proper operation of TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) IS-IS, all RBridges format their Link State Protocol Data Units (LSPs) to fit in Sz. [RFC7177] diagrams the state transitions of an adjacency. If MTU	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1076
__label__wiki	0.980712	0.980712	Archive \| Chori Chori Chupke Chupke RSS feed for this section Gateway To America The Salman Khan starrer “Marigold” is finally ready for release, Anuj Kumar speaks to director Willard Carroll Ready to bloom Willard Carroll says the dubbed version of the film will be released in India It took time to blossom but Marigold is finally ready for release. The first Indo-U.S. joint production is directed by Willard Carroll and stars Salman Khan and Ali Larter in the lead. Says Willard, “Around four years ago when I was in India, by chance, I got to see Chori Chori Chupke Chupke . The film introduced me to Salman Khan and a new world called Bollywood. In the next six months I watched 150 Hindi films, and the idea to make a film around Bollywood for an American audience germinated in my mind.” Willard quickly clarifies the idea was not to present a parody of the Hindi film industry. “See, Americans only have a vague idea about Hindi films. One perspective is it’s all about song and dance, then there are films which target the non-resident Indians in the U.S., but most of them have no idea how big and affectionate it is.” On the second trip, Willard made friends with Salman and soon Salman became his “sounding board.” “I started writing the film with Salman in mind. But the problem was how to present the Indian society which has strong value systems. Here Salman was a great help. Like he told me how his father used say that a father should not fish for his son, he should teach him how to fish. Such little anecdotes helped me understand the environment better.” Basically a musical, the story, says Willard, is about an American actress Marigold played by Ali Larter who comes to India but gets stranded in Mumbai. She bags a role in a Bollywood film. During the making of the film, she falls in love with the choreographer Prem, played by Salman Khan. Willard, who has worked with Sean Connery in the past, finds similarities between Sean and Salman. “Both are instinctive and spontaneous. Like for Sean, two retakes are a lot for Salman!” Willard says people will get to see the subtle side of Salman. “I have tried to present the vulnerable Salman, the one people saw in Maine Pyar Kiya.” On the popular notion that Salman is a character in real life as well, Willard refuses to comment but cites an incident. &# 8220;Once he staged his kidnapping on the sets. Only I knew in advance. Everybody was shocked. It was only when I entered to save him that people realised it was a prank.” The film has seven songs composed by Shankar Ehsan and Loy, written by Javed Akhtar. Willard says edited versions of the songs have been used as American won’t be able to digest the complete versions, which are available in the album. “Five songs are in Hindi and the rest are in English. Even in the English version, the Hindi songs have been retained.” Willard praises Javed’s patience. “I loved Dil Chahta Hai where the same team worked. Javed translat ed every line into English and made me understand the idea behind the song.” From Hollywood standards, it is a small film and Willard agrees. “I never wanted to make those sci-fi technological marvels. No doubt they do well, but there is a growing audience in the U.S. which likes to watch cinema that explores the family dynamics and emotions. My film is for them.” In fact, according to Willard, this is the reason why the film got delayed. “It is ready since last Christmas, but that’s the time for big releases. The market guys felt summer was the best time.” Willard wants to return to Bollywood for one more film. Before parting he has some advice. “Bollywood is the only healthy film industry outside Hollywood. It should not try to ape Hollywood.” Hope the Oscar aspirants are listening. Hindu On Net Categories Chori Chori Chupke Chupke, Salman Khan	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1081
__label__cc	0.654609	0.345391	Post-Race Quotes: 32nd SCORE San Felipe 250 SCORE MEDIA CONTACT: Dominic Clark, dominiccnv@aol.com 32nd SCORE San Felipe 250 April 7-8, 2018 – San Felipe, Baja California, Mexico Post-race quotes Pro Cars and Trucks SCORE TROPHY TRUCK ROB MacCACHREN, No. 11 (first in class and first overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “There are so many Trophy Truck drivers that are very competitive and one wrong step, clip a rock or something and you’re done. The guys worked very good on the truck, this truck’s been very reliable, this is two years in a row. Can’t be thankful enough for that. We started sixth. With the draw we got real lucky being up there. It’s pretty tough to come from the back. When I saw the draw and we were sixth I said we’re in a good position. We got by Mike Lawrence in the wash before 60, (Adam) Householder had a flat, we got by him and we just set sail and tried to catch up to Bean (Justin Smith) and Cam and we were slowly making ground on them. We got to Borrego and Bean had a problem and he pulled out right in front of me and it was a bummer because it would have been good for us to get ahead of him there but we just had to trail him until about Mile 200. He pulled over and got gas and we went by and started to get closer and closer to Cam. Right before Matomi wash it was a real twisty road and I was trying to tiptoe though there and not hit any rocks. I clipped a rock, we jumped out, changed the flat really quick and nobody got by us. We lost that time to Cam but coming up to the finish I could tell we were catching him again. I know it’s incredible out there on the course, all the people you see on the side of the road cheering you on. As you’re coming it’s almost like a sea. The course is closed, you’re coming, there’s cameras, there’s drones, it’s incredible. You come through at 100, they open up and you come on through. I love racing San Felipe.” CAMERON STEELE, No. 16 (second in class and second overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “We started first and finished first so at least that’s a good thing. Rob Mac’s a legend and I love to hate him. San Felipe’s the roughest and I felt like I was in a paint shaker all day. We punished this struck. I made a couple mistakes, which is unusual for me. I’m not saying I’m great at navigation but we did make a couple of mistakes and it was a bummer, it cost us a couple minutes in the first part of the race. I’m not going to cry about it, I would say it was a near-perfect race. Something happened to the power the last 40 miles but it kept going, the hamster was still on a treadmill but he might have lost a couple toes along the way.” ANDY McMILLIN, No. 31 (fourth in class and fourth overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “Our strategy was we wanted a good starting spot for the 500, then you get in race mode and your adrenaline starts pumping and you start to attack the course more. We had a good run going the first 20 miles then I had a rear flat, I hit a rock in the wash and then got a real clean run the rest of the way, started making up time on Cameron and Rob and I hit another rock right before Puertocitos Road right about 265 and that put us out of contention so we just brought it in and got a solid finish out of it. I like the miles. It was really rough, it kicked my ass but it’s preparing us for the SCORE Baja 500.” RYAN ARCIERO, No. 32 (fifth in class and fifth overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “My drinker stopped working and I was craving water and we were saying suck it up, suck it up, get it to the finish line. I had one flat and I don’t know how these tires went 319 miles.” ADAM HOUSEHOLDER, No. 24 (seventh in class and seventh overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “We were chasing dust all day but we gave it our best. We’re a small team my guys in the shop did a great job. Now hopefully we’ll be back for the 500 and a top-five finish.” SCORE TROPHY TRUCK LEGENDS GUSTAVO VILDOSOLA SR., No. 12 (second in class and 33rd overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “Well, I’m very satisfied. It was very hard work. We certainly like the place we’re in, there’s another legend right behind us. Hope we make it. I thank Scott for letting me drive his truck. We had a great time and this team performed flawlessly.” CO-DRIVER SCOTT BAILEY – “Gus did a hell of a job in the first half and I don’t think we got a flat all day. We overheated a bit and had to slow down for awhile. That cost us about a half hour.” JUSTIN DAVIS, No. 185 (first in class and 12th overall four-wheel vehicle in finish) – “We were the last car off the line and I just picked my way through it. I knew this day would come and it’s who doesn’t have the flat, who doesn’t have any problems and we didn’t have one flat, nothing. We just kept her rolling, we were the first car on the road by Mile 160 and never looked back. Just kept her moving. I battled with the Wilsons a little bit and I got around them and got clean air, got behind a gap between the trucks and just tried to drive my own race. To start the season off with a win is big, especially now you start the 500 where you finish so it’s a good place to start and the only SCORE race we haven’t won is the 500 so we set our goal this year to win it.” BRIAN WILSON, No. 100 (second in class and 14th overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “Honestly, it was who could hang on and go the fastest in that second half. It was whooped out to no end and (Justin Davis) has bigger muscles than I have, I guess. The car ran great, I had a clean run, it just wasn’t in our cards to win today. We’re heading for another championship so we’re off to a good start.” BRAD WILSON, No. 153 (third in class, 16th overall four-wheel vehicle finisher; co-driver JUSTIN MUNYON) – MUNYON: A lot of rocks, a lot of big square edges. We just kind of took our time and settled in and I got behind a Trophy Truck in Matomi (wash) and tried to pace myself and keep a gap so there wasn’t too much dust. We got a left rear flat, got out and changed that and got going again. Other than that we had a pretty clean run. We’re super beat up, it was super rough but we got through it. I think we would have been a little quicker. Right when I got in we got passed in the pits and we sat in the dust for a long time. That was a little bit of a struggle. Brad Wilson started and he went to Race Mile 168 then I came to the finish.” BRAD VICIC, No. 155 (fourth in class and 21st overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “This is good. We had some problems out there but I will take this finish) all day long. We blew the front caliper off about 155 so as you can see our little Baja engineering, we used some duct tape and clamps but I love it here. So we drove a little bit over half of the race without front brakes. I heard we were out front but I don’t know, Justin’s fast so I don’t know if we were beating Justin or not. I loved the course. Some of those forever long whoop sections, I got to a point to where, ‘OK, enough of those.’ But I kept going. I loved the course. I love it more than anywhere. We’re doing the whole SCORE season so hopefully we got third place today.” TROPHY TRUCK SPEC WILLIAM HEDRICK JR., No. 295 (first in class and 22nd overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “It’s the perfect way to start the season. We didn’t expect things to end like this but we’re super excited. It was rough since the beginning. A lot of dust, we were very loose, our transmission was overheating but we continued our pace and we did our race and it worked. I’m tired right now and my arms hurt but it was worth it. The 500 is the next race and me and my dad are going race that one for sure.” BRYCE SWAIM, No. 242 (second in class and 24th overall four-wheel vehicle to finish). AUSTIN JONES, co-driver – “It was pretty rough out there. The course was how it was all week. It only got a little bit rougher once the Trophy Trucks went through it. We were going really good, we had a really good run, my partner Bryce was doing absolutely amazing. I jumped in at 165. We were cruising for a while, we got over to230 and we actually lost a power steer pump so we pulled over and it took about 20 minutes to switch that one to our spare. Once we got that got going we started chasing them down. I was pushing but we’re here now and that’s what matters.” RAFAEL NAVARRO JR., No. 251 (third in class 26th overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “It was a real tight finish today. We had some down time, our crew did a really good job giving us time splits the whole day. We had some kinds of issues early on and we were just fighting our way, putting our head down all the way through the rest of the race. The last 70 miles or so as we were going through the first wash going east then the last wash coming the other way. We knew the lead truck was six minutes ahead of us so we knew we had to get the gap down to 2 1/ 2 based on where we started so we started pushing real hard, being smart where we could. That was kind of the name of the game at the end there. Regardless I’m stoked to be here at the finish line in this new truck. It’s a great start to the year, I’m excited we finally got this truck on the finish line.” CHASE WARREN, No. 1008 (first in class and 20th overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “Quite a bit went right. We changed one wheel in a pit when we were getting gas, no flat tires outside of that, a pretty good day. We got caught up in the dust pretty bad on a couple people but we ended up making our way around a couple people and ended up first physically. We had a pretty battle with (Broc) Dickerson earlier on and then he got by us and we kind of settled in right behind him and he ended up pulling up on the side of the course and we didn’t see another car since. We wanted to set a pretty good pace early on but we knew it was going to be a long day with a lot of issues for a lot of people.” COREY GOIN, No. 1036 (second in class and 23rd overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “We had a great day. We had no flat tires, we had no issues. We stopped for fuel and we have no idea where we’re at. We’re the second one to finish? We had an awesome day I guess! Holy cow! We started at the back so we just ran our pace and kept pushing, guys were wadded up on the side of the road and we said ‘Oh my goodness, this early in the race?’ We never got out of the car. We stopped and got fuel and that was it. We’re going to get out of here in a minute and probably have a beer.” SCORE LITES LUIS BARRAGAN, No. 1210 (first in class, 59th overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “We had three flat tires and we are waiting for a better time but three flat tires but we are here and we are so happy. It’s very rough. In the middle of the day it was really hot and right now in the evening it is really fresh and we are fine. If we finish first it’s great for the SCORE Baja 500. The challenge is to make a good time.” MICHAEL COLEMAN, No. 721 (first in class and 36th overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “First time racing anything (for co-driver MITCH COLEMAN). He never has raced a Trophy car or buggy or anything. He did 191 in. I did the first half and he brought it in. He kept the lead. I had about a 20-minute lead so he kept the pace going.” (When was the decision made to drive with Mitch?) “When I knew I wanted to do the San Felipe 250 but I didn’t want to drive the whole thing. I knew the race was long and tough and I really didn’t want to do the whole thing. So the next likely subject would be my son. I’ve got to pay for it anyway. Oh, it’s the best thing in the world. My wife is at home following completely and I’m down here ‘Oh do good, don’t get hurt.’ We kept positive and it was absolutely perfect.” MARK McNEIL, No. 501 (first in class and 42nd overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “I was very happy. At the start we charged hard, tried to get as much time on the next guy as we could. This car works really well in the rough stuff so we pushed hard. They said the next car was about 30 minutes behind and I hope that’s true and I hope we had a clean race. It was a great race. I’m glad we’re at the finish line and I’m glad we made it. We won the SCORE Baja 1000 last year at the 50th and this is the first time we came back to San Felipe since 2013 and we won it the last time we were here. We’re very excited.” PRO UTV F1 WAYNE MATLOCK, No. 2971 (first in class and 40th overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “We’ve been waiting for this one for a while. We had a couple problems; we had a belt we had to change, we had a flat tire, other than that, just go. The course was a lot more miserable than the pre-run. Our guys in the shop prepping these cars worked super hard and Kris (Kristen Matlock) and I have a put a lot of work into it and it’s paid off.” RHYS MILLEN, No. 2966 (third in class, 49th overall four-wheel vehicle to finish; TIMOTHY DUNBAR co-driver) – “It wasn’t perfect but it performed good enough to get us to the finish line. Tim did an amazing job, hats off to the entire team because a bunch of guys busted their butts last night to get us to the starting line. We’re really stoked for that the one, the 50th anniversary of the SCORE Baja 500, so let’s see if we get a good starting position from qualifying today basically. We did it solo. Today was a little bit of a challenge. We blew a motor at 10 o’clock (Friday) night sitting lights on the car. We had an ECU go down and it killed the motor. The guys pulled the motor out of the pre-runner, which has too many miles to race on and it looks like it just made it to the finish because it will not crank right now. We just put on a safe, respectable pace. We could only do 70 mph across the dry lake and 60 mph on most of the straightaways. It was in limp mode most of the day but the goal was to get it to the finish.” PRO UTV KRISTEN MATLOCK, No. 1954 (first in class and 41st overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “I’m so excited for that (winning at the same time as Wayne Matlock). We’ve been waiting for this moment for a long time now. We both said if we both got first we would do something to celebrate in each of our classes. Pretty much everything was flawless except we had to pull over for a cactus in my leg. I got like three pieces of cactus and there was just no way to keep going. I tried but I couldn’t do it. And we pulled over for a belt change and the belt was fine, it must have been a rock or something that was shoved up there or something and we spent five minutes trying to figure out if there was something wrong with the car.” PAUL CHAMPION, No. 1955 (second in class and 42nd overall four-wheel vehicle to finish) – “We’re just happy to finish. It was a really rough day. We stopped having fun around Mile 150. It was hard. That’s the whoop section before we shot down to the lake bed. There were just a lot of whoops today. It was just a real rough race. This is my first San Felipe that I personally drove the whole way. We raced the Mint a few weeks ago and prepped the car to get ready for this race and knowing how hard it was going to be, that was a lot.” BAJA CHALLENGE DAVID PAYNE, No. BC1 – (First in class and 107th overall four-wheel vehicle to finish; Payne drove approximately the last 10 miles with no suspension in his right front wheel) “We just kept going, fought our way through it, hit a couple trees. I didn’t realize the whole front wheel was bent over until I saw it. I just thought the power steering didn’t work. I feel awesome. I was really disappointed when the front suspension was damaged. Now that we came in in front of everybody, I feel like it’s a better story and more fun.” PRO MOTO UNLIMITED JUSTIN MORGAN, No. 7x (first in class and first overall motorcycle to finish; MARK SAMUELS co-rider) – “He rode the start to Mile 23, I rode all the way back around to I think Mile 192. He rode from there to 282 and I rode into the finish the last 40. We had a really good plan and me and him have been friends for a long time and we’ve done this a lot but we weren’t together to it’s really cool how a plan like that comes together. Definitely the most challenging was just the number of miles. It’s always a big factor in the morning especially because we were fourth off the start, four minutes back, so we were working off the dust. Mark got us into second physically and the rider switch the 1x got by us with Grant Statley on it and I managed to get by him and then Roberto Villalobos on the 66x. I got him at Mile 68, came out with a clean air filter and a new tire and we were good to go. It’s just the prep that San Diego Powerhouse did. It takes a really prepped bike. This is my old race bike and it’s been sitting as a frame in the garage for the last year almost and we just rebuilt it. I think we’ll be at the 500 for sure, I’d say.” SANTIAGO CREEL, No. 66x (driver of record; second in class and second overall motorcycle to finish; BRANDON PRIETO, DIDIER GIORAND and ROBERTO VILLALOBOS, co-riders) – “Roberto started to Mile 74, then I took over from there to Borrego, that is Mile 144 I think. Then Didier went from there to Morelia, which is Mile 200, then Roberto from there to Check 3 and rode to the finish. Didier crashed so we lost some time there but not too much but the problem was he lost his tail so we had to change it every time we switched. Everything was bent but they fixed it a little bit in the pit but other than that everything went good. I knew we had a big gap to the other riders so I rode easy to take second place for sure.” PRO MOTO 30 SANTIAGO CREEL, No. 360x (Driver of record; first in class and 11th overall motorcycle to finish; co-riders MASSIMO MANGINI, KEVIN MURPHY, ABEL BURGENO, JIM O’NEAL) – MURPHY: “We had Massimo who just smoked the start, I think he went to about 115. He gave it to Abel, Abel went up San Matias and gave it to Jim O’Neal who is 72 and you know what? He had a small little get-off right when he got on. I think the brake locked up on him but he got it to Morelia where I got on at 192 and I took it to the finish. I had no get-offs but definitely some scary moments out there but that’s why we do it. There was a lot of vibration in the bars. The grips twisted and the waffle grips were torn off and it was kind of rough on the hands but I just held on. I love the bike. Santiago and his crew really know what they’re doing with the machine. Hopefully we’re going to do the whole season. Santiago and the rest of the guys, their motivation right now is to campaign all four bikes for the whole year. “ PRO MOTO IRONMAN FRANCISCO SEPTIEN, No. 730x (first in class and seventh overall motorcycle to finish) – “Everything went great, not any issues with the bike or with me. I got tired the last 100 miles. The last 70 miles, I managed to finish it.” (What was your reaction when they made the course 319 miles?) “Why did I always pick the longest and toughest course? I don’t know. It’s a challenge for everybody, not just me. Right now my mind’s going crazy. Sometimes a lot of people say I’m getting old and you get to think maybe it’s time to retire. Why retire? I told the kids it’s never too late, you’re never too old.” SCORE MEDIA CONTACT: April 8, 2018 Previous ArticleMasterful MacCachren blasts to Overall, SCORE Trophy Truck race victory Saturday at 32nd annual SCORE San Felipe 250 Next Article32nd Annual SCORE San Felipe 250 OFFICIAL Finishers List	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1090
__label__wiki	0.918057	0.918057	Location: Finding Aid Database Theobald, John R. Theobald, John R. (1903-1989) \| Special Collections & University Archives Name: Theobald, John R. (1903-1989) Historical Note: John R. Theobald was born September 5, 1903 in India where his parents were doing missionary work. He was sent to England at age 6 for schooling. He later attended Oxford University, graduating in 1925 with honors in English. He was also the recipient of the England Fellowship to Union Seminary in New York where he received a degree in theology in 1929. Dr. Theobald earned his doctorate in 1943 at the University of Iowa. He taught at Queens University in Canada, Amherst, Trinity College, Grinnell College, and San Diego State University. He also worked as a research associate in the Division of War Research at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Theobald came to San Diego State University in 1946 as an associate professor in the English department. He later became a full professor and retired in 1969 as professor emeritus. While at San Diego State University, Dr. Theobald gave numerous recitals and addresses on National Public Radio. He wrote a series of radio talks called The Nine Ultimate Questions that covered subjects from man to God and beauty and peace. He also did a fourteen part series on poetry and poets called The Spoken Word. Dr. Theobald was also a respected author. His works include: The Earthquake and Other Poems, An Oxford Odyssey, A Second Light, Planetsong, and Introducing Poetry. His translations of French poetry were published in Midi-Noon, A Work by Leconte De Lisle, The Lost Wine: Seven Centuries of Lyric French Poetry Into English Lyrical Poetry. Dr. Theobald died in December of 1989. Reader, 11/27, 7/8/1982 San Diego Union, 12/23/89 Note Author: Jennifer Hollander Records or Manuscript Collections Created by Theobald, John R. John R. Theobald Collection, 1920-1989	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1091
__label__wiki	0.652098	0.652098	Revision as of 14:53, 18 May 2015 by Smbookman (talk \| contribs) (→‎20th Century to the Present) The first commencement exercises at the College of William and Mary were held in 1700. John Oldmixon’s History of Virginia relates: “Several planters came thither in their Coaches, several in Sloops from New-York Pennsylvania, and Maryland. It being a new thing in America to hear Graduates perform their Academical Exercises, the Indians themselves had the Curiousity to come to Williamsburgh on this Occasion, and the whole Country rejoiced as if they had some Relish of Learning.” A proclamation was issued by King William III on the occasion of the exercises of 1700. 1 18th-19th Centuries 2 20th Century to the Present 2.1 Commencement Activities 2.2 Location of Ceremony 2.3 Doctoral Robes 3 Commencement Speakers 4 Honorary Degrees 5 In the News 8 Share What You Know 18th-19th Centuries The first A.B. degree was granted in August 1772. The faculty minutes do not give any indication of any ceremony for the granting of these degrees. In 1792, the ceremony was also held in August and all the graduates gave speeches. There is very little other information about late eighteenth century commencements. Early nineteenth century commencements were usually held on July 4. In the early years, up to about 1830, the ceremony was held at Bruton Parish Church, not at the College. Typically, the Board of Visitors, the President of the College, the faculty, and the students marched from the College to the church escorted by a local militia group. The president would read a prayer, a student would read the Declaration of Independence, the graduates would give their speeches, and then the diplomas were given out. After about 1830, the commencement ceremony was moved to the College Chapel in the Wren Building. In February 1859, the College (Wren) Building burned. Reconstruction work had not progressed far enough by July to hold commencement at the College, so the ceremony was held at the Baptist Church. Pre-Civil War commencements were accomplished by a round of activities, such as meetings of the Society of the Alumni and Phi Beta Kappa. These two bodies would sponsor speakers and invite the public to attend. Frequently, the President of the College would give a party to honor the new garduates. Post-Civil War commencements were also accompanied by activities of the two literary societies, the Phoenix and the Philomathean Societies. Almost all students belonged to one of these societies, which sponsored debates, readings, and speeches throughout the school year, thus giving their members training in public speaking. Commencement activities were spread over several days. A typical schedule was to have a baccalaureate sermon and an address before the YMCA on Sunday; celebrations by each literary society, with speeches and debates given by their best members on Monday and Tuesday; the Alumni Society speech and banquet on Wednesday; and the actual commencement on Thursday, followed by a ball to which all students and guests were invited. 20th Century to the Present It is not known precisely when the customs of having commencement on July 4 or having a student read the Declaration of Independence began. The reading died out in the 1890s, but was revived again in 1920. The Declaration was last read in 1967. In the revival period, it was read by the president of the graduating class, who then gave the copy to the president of the incoming senior class. However, this reading took place at a class dinner given a day or two before commencement and not at the actual ceremony. In the 1890s, commencement was moved from July 4 to late June, and after the turn of the century was moved to early June. The change in the date of commencement may explain why the Declaration of Independence stopped being read at commencement. After World War I, some of the literary society events were compressed, and there might be a play, a baseball game, and more dances. The literary society events seemed to have ended at the 1927 Commencement. Each year varies a little, but present commencement weekends usually consist of a dance, a baccalaureate service, a reception given by the President of the College, a concert by the College Choir, and other activities. In 1971, the senior class wanted Fayette, Missippi Mayor Charles Evers to be the commencement speaker but President Davis Y. Paschall Commencement Activities The Saturday evening candle lighting ceremony and Walk Across Campus by seniors were first held in May 1978. Former Vice President of Student Affairs W. Samuel Sadler attributed inspiration for the Saturday evening candle lighting ceremony to a former ceremony at Cornell University. Sadler stated the inspiration for the Walk Across Campus was Brown University's own tradition.[1] The baccalaureate service was also held for the first time since the late 1960s in 1978. The service had been discontinued due to a lack of interest before resuming in 19XY. The last invocation during the commencement ceremony was given in 1992 by Father Charles Kelly. The morning of commencement activities currently begin with graduating seniors gathering in front of the Wren Building for the Walk Across Campus. After a brief ceremony, graduating seniors walk through the Wren Building's central hallway and across campus to William and Mary Hall where the ceremony is held. The bell in the Wren Building is rung while the students walk through the building. The walk across campus is led by the outgoing Student Association president who carries the College Mace, the president of the senior class, and the faculty marshalls. At the end of the commencement ceremony, the College and Marischal Maces are transferred from the outgoing Student Assembly president and graduate student representative respectively to their successors. This transfer takes place on the last verse of the Alma Mater, as "a public recognition of the ongoing tradition and vitality of the College of William and Mary." The new Student Assembly president and new Graduate Council president then lead the Official Party and faculties from the auditorium. When the last faculty member has exited, the president of the graduating class presents the Senior Class Chain of Office to the next president of the senior class. Ceremonies for schools, departments, and programs are held immediately after the main commencement ceremony or at other times during the weekend. The ROTC Commissioning ceremony has most recently been held on the Saturday or Sunday of commencement weekend. Location of Ceremony This list is incomplete. Wren Yard: 1966, 1970-1973 Scheduled for the Wren Yard, but rain forced ceremony to William and Mary Hall: 1974, 1975, 1976 William and Mary Hall: 1977-1991 Zable Stadium: 1993 William and Mary Hall: 1994-present Doctoral Robes William and Mary's green doctoral robe was first worn by graduates at commencement 2002. With an open front in the tradition of the British universities, the piping on the chevrons identifies the degree conferred (dark blue for the Ph.D., and purple for the J.D.). The edge of all of the hoods as well as the chevrons and piping on academic gowns mark the field of study. A list of known commencement speakers from the 19th century to the present is available. There is also a list of the known student commencement speakers. A list of known honorary degree recipients is available. Tom Brokaw to deliver 2009 Commencement address, 3 March 2009. Tom Brokaw's Commencement Remarks, 17 May 2009. History of Commencement at the College of William and Mary, Anonymous, in Commencement, University Archives Subject Files Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary. "Commencement to Blend Old, New," Daily Press 2 May 1978, in Commencement, University Archives Subject Files Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary. W&M Homecoming 2009: College Traditions. Photos from the 2007 Commencement robing room from the SCRC on Flickr Share What You Know The SCRC welcomes various forms of support from friends and supporters. Here at the SCRC Wiki we welcome visitors to share what you may know about our collections as well as the traditions, history, and people of William & Mary based on your research or personal experience. If you would like to share your memories or what you have discovered while using the SCRC's collections, please contact us at spcoll@wm.edu or 757-221-3090. We look forward to hearing from you. Retrieved from "https://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Commencement&oldid=23237"	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1093
__label__cc	0.706346	0.293654	View source for International Relations Program ← International Relations Program "'''International Relations''' at the [[College of William and Mary]] is a thriving program that integrates teaching, research, study abroad, foreign language, and close interaction among students and faculty from different disciplines. The program promotes the systematic study of political, economic, and historic relations among states and other actors in the international system. Students and faculty explore the interactions among states, markets, and non-state actors (such as international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, multinational corporations, and terrorist networks). As important, the curriculum and the research of its faculty encourage students to examine international issues with an appreciation for domestic, institutional, and cultural contexts. Students in the IR Program engage a number of disciplines and employ a variety of tools and methods during their coursework and their independent research. The International Relations concentration also addresses the interactions among states, markets, and non-state actors (such as international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and multi-national corporations). The curriculum has been designed to ensure that students address the major issues in the international arena from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. The major in International Relations is distinct from William and Mary's [[Global Studies Program]], which focuses on the culture, history, languages, literature, politics and religions of major world regions." [http://web.wm.edu/internationalrelations/?fetchid=6422] ==References== *International Relations Program webpage, [http://web.wm.edu/internationalrelations/?fetchid=6422 http://web.wm.edu/internationalrelations/?fetchid=6422], accessed 19 February 2009. [[Category: College of William and Mary Academic Department\|International Relations]] Return to International Relations Program. Retrieved from "https://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/International_Relations_Program"	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1094
__label__cc	0.60491	0.39509	Introductory Video on the Law Offices of Elliot Schlissel Tags: Blogging, New York Attorney, New York Law, Video Does E-Mailing a New Yorker Give the State Jurisdiction Over You? Norm Simon and Samantha Ettari wrote an article for Monday’s edition of the Metropolitan Corporate Counsel magazine regarding how New York’s long-arm statute (§ 302(a)(1)) may give New York courts jurisdiction over non-New Yorkers by merely sending e-mail to someone in New York! Mr. Simon and Ms. Ettari surveyed a number of recent cases that relate to whether’s New York’s jurisdiction statute gives the state jurisdiction over foreign parties, even where that party’s only contact with New York was by phone, e-mail or other electronic communication. A leading case cited by the authors is Deutsche Bank Sec., Inc. v. Montana Bd. of Inv. In that case, an out-of-stater used an electronic messenging service to transact a deal with a trader, based in the trader’s home office in New York. Under those facts, the Court of Appeals held that “proof of one transaction in New York is sufficient to invoke jurisdiction, even though the defendant never enters New York, so long as the defendant’s activities here were purposeful and there is a substantial relationship between the transaction and the claim asserted.” However, recent New York Supreme Court cases have held that e-mail, and even telephone conversations alone will not support New York long-arm jurisdiction without something more. The authors cited one recent case, CPI NA Parnassus B.V. v. Ornelas-Hernandez, Index No. 600997/08 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Co. Feb. 6, 2009), where a business deal was transacted electronically, but the two out-of-state parties dealt with a third party based in New York. In that case, the court found a sufficient nexus between the transaction from which the litigation arose, the parties, and the state. However, the same judge ruled in Shahidsaless v. Ebadi, Index No. 115835/07 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Co. Jan. 14, 2009) that one meeting in New York by two out-of-state parties, along with an e-mail exchange between them was not sufficient to establish jurisdiction. The authors concluded that the courts consider many factors when determining long-arm jurisdiction based on electronic or other contacts with parties in New York. The cases mentioned indicate that small differences in the facts of a situation can make all the difference in ambiguous cases. As always, you may contact our office with any questions about this or a related matter. Picture courtesy of peripersonalspace. Filed in Legal Analysis, Legal News Tags: Constitutional Issues, Constitutional Law, jurisdiction, long arm statute, New York Law Court of Appeals: Full Custody Includes the Right to Make Educational Decisions Our office is committed to ensuring that our present and future matrimonial and family law clientsare fully apprised of the ramifications of their decisions. Mitchell H. Rubinstein, of the Adjunct Law Profs Blog, reported on a recent case in New York’s highest court, which was decided at the end of April, Fuentes v. Board of Education. In that case, a couple was divorced and the divorce decree gave full custody to one parent and there was no provisions in either the decree or the custody order creating any system for shared educational decision making. The issue was whether, nonetheless, the non-custodial parent retained not only the ability to stay involved in the children’s education, but also the right to make decisions regarding to the children’s education. In this case, the parties child, “M.F.,” was blind and required special education. Mr. Fuentes, the non-custodial parent, felt that M.F.’s services were inadequate. The Committe on Special Education disagreed and the Impartial Hearing office denied his request for an appeal, holding that he lacked standing to appeal because he was the non-custodial parent and had no right to make educational decisions for his child. The Court emphasized that its desire was to see to it that couple’s work out questions of educational decision making at the time of divorce, rather than leaving the issue to result in possible litigation. In that vein, it would be advisable to fully discuss all major eventualities before one’s divorce is complete so that such ambiguities may be avoided. Picture courtesy of askpang. Filed in 1	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1095
__label__cc	0.657203	0.342797	US-Turkey Relations Turkey’s Elections 2018 July 15 Coup Attempt Ibn Haldun University Student Program SETA Leadership Program Young Scholars on Turkey SETA DC Turkey’s Role in Humanitarian Challenges of Our Time SETA Foundation Posted On September 26, 2018 On Monday, September 24, 2018, The SETA Foundation at Washington D.C. and MUSIAD USA hosted an event in New York City titled “Turkey’s Role in Humanitarian Challenges of Our Time.” The timely discussion highlighted Turkey’s humanitarian aid that has reach millions around the world. Her Excellency the First Lady of Turkey, Emine Erdogan, delivered a keynote speech reflecting on her work for women and refugees and Turkey’s role in humanitarian assistance in the world. Mrs. Erdogan highlighted the numerous humanitarian aid institutions in Turkey that, alongside Turkey’s civil society, assist over 3.5 million Syrian refugees. Furthermore, she mentioned what Turkey is doing to better help those in need of humanitarian assistance across the region, including providing humanitarian aid in Myanmar and Gaza. Reflecting on a trip to visit refugees in Myanmar, Mrs. Erdogan mentioned that she witnessed the dangers that awaits these women and children if the international community turns its back on humanitarian aid. Her Excellency contended that humanitarian aid policy should be a way to reduce dependency on donors. Additionally, humanitarian aid policy should contribute toward preventing the exacerbation of crises. Supporting refugees with training and equipment allows people to discover their potential. Following the First Lady, a panel including practitioners had a discussion on humanitarian assistance and Turkey’s role and challenges surrounding aid. Panelists included Mehmet Oz, Columbia University; Mehmet Gulluoglu, President at Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD); Burhanettin Duran, General Coordinator at The SETA Foundation; and, Bassam Barabandi, Co-Founder and Director of External Relations at People Demand Change. Kilic Bugra Kanat, Research Director at The SETA Foundation at Washington D.C. moderated the discussion. SETA Foundation info@setadc.org The fear of ghosts and US foreign policy Kilic Bugra Kanat January 16, 2020 With Soleimani dead and Iran vowing revenge, what’s next? US diplomacy in the middle of nowhere US no longer reliable for allies Is the US Going to Withdraw from Syria or Not? Turkey’s First Lady Highlights Turkey’s Work to Assist Refugees in New York City With Soleimani dead and Iran vowing revenge, what’s... Event Summary: The Day After Soleimani: Are the US and Iran... Event Summary: Turkey’s Mediterranean Policy The Day after Soleimani: Are the U.S. and Iran Headed... The changer of all games: The killing of Qasem Soleimani 2019 conflicts will continue to haunt 2020’s agenda Turkey’s Mediterranean Policy US becoming a ‘concerned’ superpower World politics witness a shift in interest We are out of 'metus hostilis' but still have Macron... Event Summary: What’s Happening in Iran?: Popular... Our 'Devils Next Door' Making Rocky great again: What the fictional champ... Upcoming Event: What's Happening in Iran?: Popular... The Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research (SETA) at Washington, D.C. is a 501(c)(3) non-profit, independent, nonpartisan think tank based in Washington, D.C. dedicated to innovative studies on national, regional, and international issues concerning Turkey and US-Turkey relations. Event Summary: The Day After Soleimani: Are the US and Iran Headed to War? Address: 1025 Connecticut Ave. NW Suite 410 Washington, D.C. 20036 Email: info@setadc.org © Copyright 2018 The SETA Foundation at Washington D.C.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1098
__label__cc	0.504398	0.495602	Frost/Nixon Review by Shane McDonald \| Jan 25, 2009 \| Film and TV I am going to start reviewing some of the films I have seen recently. This is the first Review of Frost Nixon Movie This is the film version of the Tony Award-winning play “Frost Nixon,” starring Michael Sheen and Frank Langella. British talk-show host David Frost and the disgraced former president Richard Nixon recorded 4 TV interviews, three years after Nixon resigned from his office. This is an excellent film which will have you interested throughout however I felt it dropped a small bit in the middle when they are getting the research team assembled in the US. Although the actor playing Nixon is excellent, don’t feel hard done by that there is not the typical Nixon impression or impersonation – after a while, you don’t actually notice. Nixon selected Frost as almost a confessor and it became a charged battle of wits. It is a great piece of drama which unfolds over the 2 hours of the movie, with very few slow spots. The movie has a length 1 hour 58 minutes. Directed by Ron Howard and written by Peter Morgan. Starring Frank Langella, Michael Sheen, Sam Rockwell, Kevin Bacon, Matthew Macfayden, Oliver Platt, Rebecca Hall Frost/Nixon Overall Score: 9/10 Learning Types of Music Notes : Crotchets, Quavers, Minims, etc.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1103
__label__cc	0.582594	0.417406	Distributed apps Definitions API security Distributed apps Service orchestration Browse Definitions Search Definitions Most Recent Definitions object-oriented programming (OOP) API testing client side framework There are two sides to web development – the server side and the client side. A server side framework typically uses a programming language with a compiler and runs on a Web server, such as Node, PHP and ASP.NET. application architecture An application architecture is a map of how an organization's software applications are assembled as part of its overarching enterprise architecture and how those applications interact. BEST (Business / Enterprise State Transfer) BEST (Business / Enterprise State Transfer) is an architectural approach for exchanging content with a Web site or Web services and is similar to REST or SOAP. cyberprise A cyberprise is a Web-enabled enterprise. DAML (DARPA Agent Markup Language) DAML (DARPA Agent Markup Language) is a markup language for the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) that is based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML). A data type, in programming, is a classification that specifies which type of value a variable has and what type of mathematical, relational or logical operations can be applied to it without causing an error. In the Web hosting business, a dedicated server refers to the rental and exclusive use of a computer that includes a Web server, related software, and connection to the Internet, housed in the Web hosting company's premises. In object-oriented programming (OOP) software design, dependency injection (DI) is the process of supplying a resource that a given piece of code requires. Eclipse (Eclipse Foundation) Eclipse is an open-source Java Integrated Development Environment (IDE) known for its plug-ins that allow developers to develop and test code written in other programming languages. endpoint reference (EPR) An endpoint reference (EPR) is a combination of Web services (WS) elements that define the address for a resource in a Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) header... (Continued) Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) An enterprise service bus (ESB) is a middleware tool used to distribute work among connected components of an application. In information technology, extensible describes something, such as a program, programming language, or protocol, that is designed so that users or developers can expand or add to its capabilities. management service provider (MSP) Also see two related terms, application service provider and storage service provider. message-driven processing Message-driven processing is an approach used within the client/server computing model in which a client (for example, your Web browser) sends a service request in the form of a specially-formatted message to a program that acts as a request broker, handling messages from many clients intended for many different server applications. OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) is a nonprofit, international consortium whose goal is to promote the adoption of product-independent standards for information formats such as Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1106
__label__wiki	0.556365	0.556365	Semay Wu (sē mā wo͞o) is a composer, media artist, cellist & performer. Her compositions are drawn from experiments and improvisations of sound-worlds that reflect human traits, mindsets, energies, somatics and provocations. Semay works with all complex sounds derived from our natural world to man-made constructions, and composes (electro-acoustically) around the curious contrasts and sensory disturbances that materialise. Her pieces have been affiliated with devised theatre, dance, and other visual platforms such as moving image, and performance art; and her performances are as diverse, touching upon elements from the classical avante-garde, to song-structured melodies, to noise improvisations. Semay also makes and performs with visuals, presenting solo material that draws on a multi-elemental format, building and weaving threads of sound with imagined contrasts of time, memory and space. Semay developed her signature voice at the heart of Manchester’s musical communities (1996+) whilst also training at the Royal Northern College of Music (with Jenny Curtis and Clive Greensmith). She trained further at the Institute of Sonology and STEIM in The Netherlands (2013-16) to increase her focus on electronics, researching concepts and processes which placed her attention between sonic and gestural-physical languages. Her current solo projects use DIY electronics using sensor (and Ipson) technology, live-capture/fixed visuals, video-art, and programming through MaxMSP software. The first sabbatical year in The Netherlands was generously enabled by Katherine McGillivray’s Get a Life Fund. Semay sincerely acknowledges their support in catalysing and furthering her last five years of creative development that has been fundamental to her work today. Semay Wu also initiated the New Emergences discussion series, based in The Hague. The series began in March 2016, addressing the need to openly discuss issues around gender, equality and diversity within electronic music and sound art. New Emergences has now become a Foundation as of May 2018.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1109
__label__wiki	0.93114	0.93114	We custom design and produce all of our products with industrial press technologies located at our Boston Massachusetts facilities! This industrial process results in superior manufacturing that will outlast even store bought products. Our base products are supplied from a major clothing wholesaler, so we can keep our prices low. Orders made today are generally filled within 1-4 weeks depending on our current supply schedule. All products have a 30 day money back guarantee for defects in workmanship. Customer satisfaction is our number one priority! MacNab The name Macnab derives from the Gaelic Mac an Aba, child of the abbot. According to tradition, the progenitor of this great clan was Abaruadh, the Abbot of Glendochart and Strathearn, the younger son of King Kenneth Macalpine. Abaruadh, the Red Abbot, was descended from King Fergus of Dalriada and a nephew of St Fillan, founder of the monastery in Glendochart in the seventh century. Heraldry Database: Stewart Surname: Stewart Branch: Stewart Background: The Stewart family records its traditional descent from Banquo, Thane of Lochaber, who makes an appearance as a character in William Shakespeare's MacBeth. Historically, however, the family appears to be descended from an ancient family who were senechals of Dol in Brittany. They acquired lands in England after the Norman conquest and moved to Scotland when David I ascended to the throne of Scotland. The family were granted extensive estates in Renfrewshire and East Lothian and the office of High Steward was made hereditary in the family. It is through marriage with the daughter of Robert the Bruce that we can begin to trace the descent of the Royal House of Stewart. The royal line of male Stewarts continued uninterrupted until the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots. As a family, the Royal Stewarts held the throne of Scotland, and later that of England, in the direct line until the death of Queen Anne in 1714. In fact, the present Royal family still has Stewart blood links. The Stewart tartan is worn by the regimental pipers of the Scots Guards and was referred to by King George V as "my personal tartan". Known as the "Royal Tartan", it is still traditionally the official tartan of the Royal House of Scotland. The Stewarts of Appin form the West Highland branch of the great Royal family of Stewart, and have come to form a branch clan of considerable importance. Through marriage with the family of Lorne they became firstly Lords of Lorne and subsequently received a grant of lands at Appin. It was at Appin that was built the family seat of the Stewarts of Appin Castle Stalker, on the Cormorant's Rock at Loch Linnhe. It is from this location that was derived the rallying cry of the clan 'Creag an Sgairbh', or in English 'Cormorant's Rock'. Castle Stalker was built as a seat for royal hunting and fowling expeditions and is still one of Scotland's finest sights. The Stewarts of Appin were staunchly Jacobite and in the aftermath of the 1745 rising, the famous Appin murder took place. This incident is immortalised by Robert Louis Stevenson in his novel 'Kidnapped'. The chief of clan Appin, Allan Breck Stewart was the main suspect for the killing of Colin Campbell. He escaped justice however, and his half brother was arrested and tried by jury composed entirely of Campbell men. Not surprisingly, he was convicted and was later hanged. Today a cairn marks the place of his execution. Another famous branch are the Stewarts of Atholl are directly descended from one of the most notorious Stewarts of the fourteenth century Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, more commonly known as 'The Wolf of Badenoch'. Alexander is most widely known for leading the raid which led to the burning of Elgin Cathedral in 1391. Later he built his stronghold the Castle of Garth and settled there. The descendants of Alexander Stewart became known as Athollmen and gave their allegiance to the new Murray Earls of Atholl. In 1822 an estimate was recorded that there were upwards of 4,000 Stewarts living in the province of Atholl, all descended from this one individual. The Atholl Stewarts were renowned for their fighting strength, and were able to raise a fighting force of 1,500 men during the reign of William of Orange. They were also present in force at the Battle of Killiecrankie.This prowess in battle is celebrated by the fact that the present Duke of Atholl maintains the Atholl Highlanders as the only private army in the kingdom. Motto: Virescit vulnere virtus, Courage grows strong at a wound. Arms: Or, a fess chequy Azure and Argent surmounted of a bend engrailed Gules, within a double tressure flory counterflory of the Last. Crest: A pelican Argent, winged Or, in her nest feeding her young Proper. Supporters: (On a compartment embellished with seedling oak trees fructed Proper) Dexter, a savage man wreathed about the head and middle with laurel and holding in his right hand a club resting on his shoulder all Proper; sinister, a lion Gules. Plant: Thistle. The Stewarts, who were to become monarchs of the Scots, descended from a family who were seneschals of Dol in Brittany. They acquired estates in England after the Norman Conquest and Walter Flaad, the Steward, moved to Scotland when David I claimed his throne. He was created Steward of Scotland and granted extensive estates in Renfrewshire and East Lothian. He was one of the commanders of the army which defeated Somerled of the Isles in 1164. James, the fifth High Steward, swore fealty to Edward I of England, but later joined Sir William Wallace and on his death, Robert the Bruce, in the struggle for Scottish independence. Walter, the High Steward, married Marjory, Roberts daughter, and when Bruces son, David II, died childless, he was succeeded by Bruces grandson, Robert Stewart, who reigned as Robert II. The first Stewart king had many sons. His eldest, John, succeeded to the throne as Robert III; his third son, Robert, Duke of Albany, was Regent during the reigns of his father, his brother and his nephew, James I; his fourth son Alexander, Earl of Buchan, famed as the Wolf of Badenoch, was responsible for the destruction of the elegant cathedral at Elgin. When James I became of age, he curbed the power of his cousins of Albany by beheading Roberts son, Murdoch, along with the latters sons and father-in-law. The royal line of male Stewarts continued uninterrupted until the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots, and as a family they held the throne of Scotland and later that of England in the direct line until the death of Queen Anne in 1714. The present royal family still has Stewart blood, both through Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James VI, and the mother of the present queen, formerly Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Apart from the royal house, three main branches of the Stewarts settled in the Highlands during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries: the Stewarts of Appin; of Atholl; and of Balquhidder. The Appin Stewarts descend from Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl, son of Alexander the fourth High Steward. Sir Johns younger son, Sir James Stewart, was killed at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333. His grandson married the heiress of the Lord of Lorne, and their son became the first Stewart Lord of Lorne. In 1463, the dispossessed Macdougalls murdered the next Lorne heir whose son, Dugald, became the first Stewart to hold Appin. Duncan, second of Appin, was appointed Chamberlain of the Isles by James IV and built Castle Stalker, which was sometimes used as a royal hunting lodge. Duncan Mor, eighth of Appin, took the field under Montrose in 1645 at the Battles of Inverlochy, Auldearn and Kilsyth. He was outlawed and his lands were forfeited, although they were later restored after the accession of Charles II to the throne. The Stewarts of Appin came out in 1715 for the Old Pretender, and fought at the Battle of Sheriffmuir. The chief was attainted for treason and fled into exile. Charles Stewart of Ardsheal led the men of Appin during the rising of 1745, and many fell at the grim field of Culloden, having first gained glory by breaking the Redcoat ranks. Colin Campbell of Glenure, the Red Fox, was placed as government factor on the forfeited Stewart estates. His murder in 1752 has been immortalised by Stevenson in the novel, Kidnapped. After the chief suspect, Alan Breck Stewart, made his escape, James Stewart, the half-brother of the chief, was tried by a jury comprised entirely of Campbells at Inverary presided over by Argyll himself, and, perhaps notsurprisingly, was convicted and hanged. The Stewarts of Atholl descend from a son of the Wolf of Badenoch. James Stewart built a strong castle at Garth and settled there towards the end of the fourteenth century. In 1437 Queen Joanna, widow of James I, married the Black Knight of Lorne who was descended from the fourth High Steward. Her son by this marriage, Sir John Stewart of Balveny, was granted the earldom of Atholl by his half-brother, James II. He supported his brother by commanding the royal forces who suppressed the rebellion of the Lord of the Isles. John, fifth Earl, died with no male issue. His daughter had married William Murray, second Earl of Tullibardine, who was created Earl of Atholl in his own right in 1627. Many Stewart families continued to live around the Atholl lands, many of them claiming direct descent from the numerous illegitimate progeny of the Wolf of Badenoch. They largely transferred their allegiance to the new Murray Earls of Atholl, calling themselves Athollmen. This is commemorated by the right still exercised by the present Duke of Atholl to maintain the Atholl Highlanders as the only private army in the kingdom. The new allegiance was sometimes sorely tried. In 1689 Murray called out the Athollmen for William of Orange, but his baillie defiantly held Blair Castle for James II. In 1715 Atholl again supported the government but his heir, the Marquess of Tullibardine, was a Jacobite. Stewarts flocked to the banner of Bonnie Prince Charlie in 1745. General David Stewart of Garth, an Athollman, was an officer in the 42nd Regiment (the Black Watch) whose book, Sketches of the Highlanders and Highland Regiments, did much to popularise his homeland in Victorian England. Stewarts came to Balquidder when William Stewart of Baldorran, grandson of the only son of the Duke of Albany who escaped the persecution of James I, was appointed baillie of the Crown lands of Balquhidder around 1490. The Crown lands were eventually divided and granted to various noble families, and Williams grandson, Alexander, settled in Ardvorlich at the end of the sixteenth century. It is generally accepted that the Earls of Galloway now head the principal house of this great name. Name Variations: Stewart, Boyd, Carmichael, Conacher, Cook, Crookshank, Crookshanks, Cruickshank, Cruickshanks, Dennison, Denniston, Duilach, Duilach, France, Francis, Fullarton, Garrow, Gray, Larnach, Larnack, Lay, Lennox, Lisle, Lombard, Lumbard, Lyle, MacCloy, MacGarrow, MacGlashan, MacKirdy, MacMichael, MacMunn, MacMutrie, Menteith, Monteath, Monteith, Moodie, Moody, Sharp, Steuard, Steuart, Stewart, Stewart of Atholl, Stewart, Royal, Stuart, Carmichael, Clay, Combe, Combich, Combie, Conlay, Conley, Donlevy, Leay, Levack, Livingston, Livingstone, Lorne, MacClay, MacCleay, MacColl, MacCombe, MacCombich, MacCombie, MacComie, MacDonleavy, MacKindlay, MacKinlay, MacKinley, Maclae, Maclay, Maclea, Macleay, MacLew, MacMichael, MacNairn, MacNucator, MacRob, MacRobb, Mitchell, Mitchelson, Robb, Stewart of Appin, Walker, Stewart of Appin. Appin Modern Black Modern Modern Dress Modern Royal	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1114
__label__cc	0.74244	0.25756	Smorgasbord Christmas Posts from Your Archives – Christmas Past by Jemima Pett Posted on December 12, 2017 by Smorgasbord - Variety is the Spice of Life. Welcome to another piece of Flash Fiction from children’s author Jemima Pett. She mentioned when she sent through the short story that it mirrored her life growing up… as you will see.. What it must be like for the fairy on top of the Christmas tree…. Christmas Past by Jemima Pett The fairy clambered over the pine needles and came face to face with the globe of blue and white swirls on its golden surface. It was a grand reunion. She remembered when she’d first seen it, that Christmas in 1968 when everyone was watching the pictures from the spacecraft. She rested a while, contemplating Christmases past. She’d been with this tree for years now, ever since she was a wee thing not long out of fairy-school. There had been another one. She’d played with that for two years and learned about the Outside from it, since that was where it spent the rest of the year. She would have liked to go outside with it and guard it properly, like a fairy should, but it said it was safe the rest of the year, and the fairy could rest in peace and quiet once her main task was done. This tree lived in a box, like she did, once the season was over. They used to live at the top of a cupboard, but now they lived under the stairs. It wasn’t as quiet, but it was safe. Each year when she came out of her box, she looked around to check where she was. For the first twenty years it had been a pleasant, east-facing room with a chimney and a coal fire. There was one long chair and two armchairs. The family sat and watched the picture box in the corner, or read books, or played games. She used to watch them do that, wondering if she could ever learn how to count money to buy Mayfair. Each year the children grew taller, then they disappeared. The girl always came back, and the middle son usually came for the day. She didn’t know where the others went, although the eldest came to see her now. One Christmas she had a surprise. She was in a completely different place. This was a very light room, facing south, and it was always warm. The picture box was in a different corner, closer to her, and was much larger. The adults were, well, greyer than she remembered them, and the children were taller than ever. The same size as the adults in fact. About five years later there was a baby again, she came with the middle son and another woman the fairy hadn’t met before. It was nice having children around again. That continued for about five years, then they didn’t visit but her two old people went out, maybe to see them, she thought. Another twenty years passed before anything else exceptional happened. She was taken aback when she found herself climbing the tree in a new place, in a bay window right next to a road. The room was low and dim, and quite small, although pleasant enough with pretty furniture. They were so close to the road she could watch the children going up and down the pavement, going to and from school, and then other people hurrying past, going up the hill in the morning, and down it again in the evening. The girl of the family was the only one in the house, and she went out in the morning and joined people going up the hill, too. The following year the room was even smaller. The tree was perched on a box in a corner by a bookshelf. All the furniture was squeezed into one room. She wondered what was happening, but the girl was there, and people visited, and they had a nice Christmas, so the fairy assumed all was well. The following year the tree was in another new place, this one. Some years she was in the front window, and others she was in the corner of the living room. The tree didn’t have any comment to make, but then trees aren’t given to making comments. She would have liked a little conversation though. It could be lonely being a fairy. She looked at the blue and white swirly globe. She could just make out her face in it. She was looking a little older, wings a bit tattered round the edges, but she was still as dainty as ever. I’m not as fit as I was, though, she muttered as she started her climb up to the top branch. There were no swans clipped on the branches now, but there were some pretty shiny birds who didn’t have much conversation. The big snowball had gone, and so had many of the old ornaments. The pretty purple bell was there, joined by more bells, small glass ones with ornaments making the clangers, and larger, wooden ones, beautifully decorated, who had introduced themselves very politely and explained they’d come from India. There was a reed-woven llama on a long string that spoke of a lake high in the mountains of Peru. There were matching gold and red globes with elegant decorations that told her of a much smaller tree they had decorated in the small room where the road was so close. Christmas tree 2012She climbed past the icicles, only two of them now, but they were even older than her. Old. It was funny being a fairy on a Christmas tree. Work hard for a few weeks once a year, and count the years go by. She reckoned she must be the same age as the girl, now grey-haired, who sat and enjoyed her Christmas once again with her brother. This was a nice house, she thought, as she did every year. She was lucky to have found a family that looked after her. She climbed past the little angel ornaments, one with a light, one with a lamb, another with a star and the last with a little tree. They were older than her too. She reached the final ascent. She climbed over the end of the tinsel, shinned up the twig to the top light, and took up her place. She always made sure her family had a merry Christmas. ©Jemima Pett About Jemima Pett When Jemima Pett discovered the words ‘portfolio career’ she realised she was an example of a new trend – having not only a number of different jobs, but in totally different fields. These included social work, business management, computer technology, environmental research. The thread running through all of them was communication – and that continued in her spare time with writing and editing club magazines, manuals, reports… Jemima loved words, loved to learn and to apply her learning to the real world. Eventually the world just wasn’t big enough, and so she went back to inventing her own, as she had as a child. First came the Realms, a feudal England run by princes in castles who just happen to be guinea pigs – although you can read them as people equally well. Then came the Viridian System, a planetary area on the outskirts of known space where a frontier mentality mixes with big business and tourism. Her next project could be anything from a D&D fantasy type world, to a children’s picture book about the real adventures of her guinea pigs, who live with her in a small village in Norfolk, UK. A selection of books by Jemima Pett One of the reviews for Book 7 of the Princelings Series Willoughby the Narrator. Jul 09, 2017 Victoria Zigler rated it Five Stars. I loved hearing Willoughby’s whole story, and thought the addition of some of his tales when he’s telling them was a nice touch. And as J.M Pett, About White Water Landings. White Water Landings – views of the Imperial Airways Africa service from the ground The silver bird straightened up and sank lower, lower, until it met the sea with a sleek spray that rushed past the windows in its fuselage. M’beriali – the imperial mail bird, as it became known in Swahili – had arrived! Imperial Airways’ man at Lindi, East Africa, was Geoffrey Pett, then just 22 years old. Selected as a Commercial Trainee aged eighteen, he was posted to the middle of Africa to look after the ground arrangements for the new ‘Empire’ Flying Boat Service between London and Cape Town/Durban. His Africa postings ranged between Alexandria, Egypt, on the Mediterranean coast, Juba, now in South Sudan, and Butiaba on Lake Albert, Uganda. His war years were as traffic superintendant at Cairo (and at RAF Wadi Saidna, Sudan), handling troop movements and other priority personnel on the civilian aircraft, as well as ensuring the ‘Horseshoe Route’ between South Africa and Australia operated at its turning point, Cairo. His career continued with the new British Overseas Airways Company, through BEA into British Airways, until ill-health retirement in 1968. Geoffrey was often sought out for his memoirs of Imperial Airways in Africa. After his death in 2005, he left a box of memorabilia including his photograph album and a set of tapes dictated between 1995 and 2004. His daughter, J M Pett, has laboured over the contents, producing this book to place the information out in the wider world. More content and links to archive material are on the website http://whitewaterlandings.co.uk. Praise for White Water Landings: “a remarkable and significant piece of aviation and colonial history… shining through his memoirs is a capacity to ‘make do’…, and the sense of the Imperial ‘family’ as a source of identity, support and obligation away from home. … he reveals anxiety and frustration,cynicism for arbitrary authority… Told fondly, plainly and modestly, with touches of humour, Geoffrey’s story reads easily and lingers long. The text is equally delightful as family history, autobiography, and colonial history.” — Professor Gordon Pirie, Deputy Director of the African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, and Editor of the Journal of Transport History “The romance of the Golden Age of flying meets the romance of two people torn apart by war.” Read all the reviews for all the books and buy: https://www.amazon.com/Jemima-Pett/e/B006F68PVE/ And Amazon UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Jemima-Pett/e/B006F68PVE Read more reviews and follow Jemima on Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5388872.Jemima_Pett Connect to Jemima Blog: http://jemimapett.com/blog/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/jemima_pett Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/jemima.pett My thanks to Jemima for this lovely story in tribute to the fairy on the top of the tree.. Don’t forget to thank yours this year… Sally This entry was posted in Book Promotion, short stories and tagged Jemima Pett, The Princelings series, White Water Landings by Smorgasbord - Variety is the Spice of Life.. Bookmark the permalink. 22 thoughts on “Smorgasbord Christmas Posts from Your Archives – Christmas Past by Jemima Pett” jenanita01 on December 12, 2017 at 7:09 pm said: Smorgasbord - Variety is the Spice of Life. on December 12, 2017 at 10:19 pm said: Thanks for sharing Jaye and Anita..hugs paulandruss on December 12, 2017 at 7:10 pm said: Jemima this a stunningly beautiful story. Shared it. Thanks Paul.. xx Jemima Pett on December 12, 2017 at 10:41 pm said: Thank you, Paul. It brings back many memories reading that. The fairy, tree and I have been in this house ten years already! Marcia on December 12, 2017 at 8:55 pm said: Loved seeing the years go by from the fairy’s perspective. Well done, Jemima, and thanks for sharing it, Sally. 🙂 Thanks Marcia..hugs Thanks, Marcia 🙂 noelleg44 on December 12, 2017 at 10:37 pm said: Lovely story, Jemima. A little sad but sweet – definitely tugs at the heartstrings! Smorgasbord - Variety is the Spice of Life. on December 13, 2017 at 10:22 am said: Thanks Noelle.. hope all the Christmas plans are coming together.. hugs xx dgkaye on December 12, 2017 at 10:51 pm said: What a most beautiful story told by the fairy. Brilliant! 🙂 x Thank you Debby.. hugs ♥ dgkaye on December 13, 2017 at 3:49 pm said: Pingback: Smorgasbord Christmas Posts from Your Archives – Christmas Past by Jemima Pett \| Smorgasbord – Variety is the spice of life Jennie Fitzkee on December 13, 2017 at 12:25 pm said: Lovely story! Thanks Jennie..hugsx rijanjks on December 13, 2017 at 2:35 pm said: A delightful story! Thank you Jan..hugs x Pingback: Smorgasbord Weekly Round up – Mormon Tabernacle Choir, Three Sisters and Walnuts. \| Smorgasbord – Variety is the spice of life Chuck on December 18, 2017 at 3:09 am said: Whether the Christmas story is told through our pets, children’s eyes, and in this case a fairy it brings happiness to this time of the year. Thank you for sharing a delightful post. Merry Christmas Thanks Chuck… enjoy the day. hugs x Smorgasbord Book Review by Sally Cronin- #Fantasy - The Hat by C.S. Boyack	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1116
__label__wiki	0.778075	0.778075	Don Lash Let them eat data Don Lash reviews a new book about how states are using supposedly scientific algorithms to continue punitive and racist policies toward the poor. VIRGINIA EUBANKS has written an important new book, Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police and Punish the Poor, that describes the development of technology to update regulatory systems long used under capitalism to punish poor people under the guise of helping them. Summarizing the scope of her findings and the comprehensive nature of the surveillance and control, Eubanks writes: Across the country, poor and working class people are targeted by new tools of digital poverty management and face life-threatening consequences as a result. Automated eligibility systems discourage them from claiming public resources that they need to survive and thrive. Complex integrated databases collect personal information, with few safeguards for privacy or data security, while offering almost nothing in return. Predictive models and algorithms tag them as risky investments and problematic parents. Vast complexes of social service, law enforcement, and neighborhood surveillance make their every move visible and offer up their behavior for government, commercial, and public scrutiny. The Department of Human Services in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, uses an automated system to rank households Eubanks calls the aggregate of these new systems of collecting and mining data and using it to automate decision-making a new “digital poorhouse,” constructed with databases, algorithms and risk models. To illustrate the national problem, Eubanks selected three examples. In 2006, Indiana committed more than $1 billion to a 10-year contract for a consortium of for-profit companies to fully automate the application process for TANF, food stamps and other food programs, and Medicaid. In Los Angeles, a “coordinated entry system” to match homeless people to housing was launched in 2013, built around an assessment tool using information collected from homeless people to generate a “vulnerability index” score, which in turn is intended to match housing to the un-housed. Although respondents to the survey weren’t necessarily aware of this, the survey results could be shared with law enforcement without consent or a warrant. Also in 2013, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, which includes Pittsburgh, began a project with academic consultants from New Zealand and California to develop a “predictive analytics” model to assess the risk that parents who are the subject of calls to the state’s child maltreatment hotline will neglect or abuse their children. These three case studies allow Eubanks to look in some level of detail at how different systems are constructed, populated and used, and how they can be abused or simply malfunction. They provide some basis to ask questions about other systems that are operating or being developed elsewhere. Virginia Eubanks, Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police and Punish the Poor. St. Martin's Press, 2018, 272 pages, $26.99. Equally important, focusing on these three cases gives Eubanks the opportunity to visit individuals and families affected by each of the systems, and to allow them to describe their experiences. She also talks to those tasked with using the high-tech tools, many of whom are experienced people subordinated to some degree by a digital automation process they don’t fully understand. These human stories are compelling, and help to evaluate the unique challenges of resistance to automated decision-making in welfare and human services. WHAT EACH of the three examples has in common is that, while they were all touted as minimizing subjective and arbitrary decision-making, and therefore reducing the effect of human bias, none can actually do so. Instead, each bakes biases into an algorithm, risk model or automated response system. For example, peeling back the assumptions built into the Allegheny algorithm shows how it perpetuates systemic racism in child welfare and, as Eubanks says, automates inequality. In Allegheny County, the system was intended to predict child maltreatment by comparing new cases to old cases. Since there is no database consisting of cases in which child maltreatment has been proven, “proxies” had to be selected. Those chosen were repeat calls to the hotline or removal into foster care. In other words, any parent who is subject to a call is compared to a database of cases in which more than one call has been made to the hotline, or in which local authorities removed a child. Matches are made according to 131 variables looking for similarities to the cases in which there is no way of knowing if maltreatment actually occurred. The variables included receipt of welfare, whether the parent herself was ever in foster care, whether there has been involvement with juvenile or criminal justice systems, and many other experiences that correlate more to race and class than to ability to parent. Since poor Black parents are scrutinized more closely by “mandated reporters” to the hotline and the child welfare authorities who investigate the calls, the proxies result in a comparison population that necessarily over-represents Black families. What Eubanks calls “poverty profiling” measures is used to come up with a risk score that really amounts to the traditional systemic bias dressed up as objective math. EUBANKS EMPHASIZES the continuity in motivation and ideology that connects high-tech data systems with 19th century “poorhouses,” which imprisoned the poor and deprived them of all dignity and autonomy as a condition of assistance barely sufficient to keep residents alive — and for some, given the high mortality rates within the poorhouses, completely insufficient. Prior to the development of industrial capitalism, which involved rural displacement, urbanization and employment for wages on a much larger scale than had been seen previously, the problem of providing relief for people who were impoverished, homeless, sick or with some kind of impairment was largely a local concern for people known to one another. Assistance might be at the level of a village or parish, or it might be provided by a landlord, whose privilege of exploiting agricultural workers was accompanied by the paternalistic expectation that he would care for them. There was inequity and condescension in these relief efforts, no doubt, but there were also ongoing relationships between individuals in the same community. Once these relationships were disrupted and replaced with the arms-length sale of wage labor and a more urbanized working class, poor relief had to be institutionalized on a larger, more impersonal scale. Means had to be found to control, regulate and stigmatize the poor — both to maintain the pressure on the working class to accept wage labor on the employers’ terms, and to establish an ideological narrative that held those in poverty as responsible for their circumstances. The development of institutions and mechanisms to police the poor was undertaken by government bodies and private charities, often acting with quasi-governmental authority. Periodic struggles of poor and working class people to break free of punitive regulation and create a counter-narrative about inequality and systemic racism have at times been successful, but a backlash has inevitably followed to prioritize punitive policies and stigmatize the poor. THE POORHOUSES were supplemented and eventually replaced by “scientific charity” and “casework,” which used intrusive investigation based on moralistic, often racist assumptions about the poor and working class, as a means to stigmatize recipients and separate the “deserving” from the “non-deserving” poor. Organized resistance to the most oppressive aspects of relief administration achieved uneven gains during the Great Depression of the 1930s, although the system retained its distinctions between those deserving of help and those who weren’t. Gains were also achieved during the welfare rights movement of the 1960s, but a racist backlash quickly emerged, most famously represented by Ronald Reagan’s invocation of Black “welfare queens” as he campaigned for the White House in 1976 and 1980. Computer technology became a favored response as part of the backlash. As Eubanks notes: When poor and working people in the United States become a politically viable force, relief institutions and their technologies of control shift to better facilitate cultural denial and to rationalize a brutal return to normalcy. Relief institutions are machines for undermining the collective power of poor and working class people, and for producing indifference in everyone else. While reading the book, I was reminded of another: 2012’s Killing the Poormaster by Holly Metz, which recounts the story of an unemployed stonemason who was accused of stabbing to death the official in charge of welfare benefits in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1938. The radical lawyer Samuel Leibowitz staged a political defense, exposing the cruelty, bullying and bigotry of the deceased, and indicting the entire system of poor relief in the process. The impersonal nature of decision-making using high-tech tools presents new challenges in organizing and publicizing. Not only can you not stab an algorithm, you can’t personify it, and you can’t stage a sit-in against a cloud storage facility. Eubanks acknowledges these challenges and the effect of isolation of those subjected to decision-making using high-tech tools, but she ultimately strikes an optimistic note. She emphasizes — and demonstrates — the power of individual stories to overcome indifference. She also maintains a belief that solidarity is possible because the larger public, both working class and middle class, can comprehend that digital technology developed to control and police the poorest among us can and will be deployed against everyone outside the economic elite. No right to privacy if you’re poor? The Poverty of Privacy Rights shows how poor and working-class women are subject to more surveillance and restrictions on privacy. Tina Tru Why are people hungry in North Carolina? The roots of North Carolina’s hunger epidemic run deep, pointing not only to inadequate state policies but the failure of capitalism itself. Erica West Beyond the nonprofit-industrial complex The best nonprofit organizations bring improvements to people’s lives in the here and now, but they also have inherent limitations. Eric Pelkey With friends like these, who needs the UBI? The idea of a Universal Basic Income might seem progressive, but plenty of supporters see it as a vehicle for a reactionary agenda. Luke Pickrell Suicide and the social crisis The increase in suicides in the U.S. shows that people’s social and emotional lives can’t be separated from their lived economic reality. Danny Katch How do socialists take on gun fundamentalism? The emergence of student anti-NRA protest as a vibrant new wing of the anti-Trump resistance requires us to reckon with modern gun politics. Larry Bradshaw and Lorrie Beth Slonsky The heroes and sheroes of New Orleans SW contributors Larry Bradshaw and Lorrie Beth Slonsky were trapped in New Orleans by Katrina--their story, first told here, shocked the world. Lance Selfa How the 1 percent rules We know the 1 percent runs Wall Street and Corporate America, but their control extends into the supposedly democratic political system as well. The drive to a war crime In spite of the largest coordinated protests in history, George Bush and the neo-cons were determined to have their war on Iraq. Anti-imperialism and the Syrian Revolution The Arab Spring uprising in Syria has tested the left by posing a blunt question: Are you on the side of a dictator--or that of a popular uprising?	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1121
__label__wiki	0.521978	0.521978	Classic Car Appraisal Services in Boynton Beach, Florida Although car people love to spend time and money on their cars, they all too often forget to properly value their car for insurance purposes. Dollar after dollar goes in, but never gets properly documented so that if a catastrophic event strikes, the real cost of putting the car back together gets paid by the insurance company. As collector car owners ourselves, we understand the importance of our product first hand. Fill out the form on the right to get started on your on-site Boynton Beach car appraisal. Serving Boynton Beach Boynton Beach United States Facts about Boynton Beach Boynton Beach is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 68,217 at the 2010 census. In 2006, the city had a population of 66,714 according to the University of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Business Research. Boynton Beach is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census. In 1894, two years before Henry Morrison Flagler built his railroad, a former American Civil War major named Nathan Boynton first set eyes on the area that now bears his name. Boynton hailed from Port Huron, Michigan. He was so impressed by the natural beauty of the year-round sunshine and pristine beaches, he built the famous Boynton Hotel, where he also spent winters with his family. The first settlers, whom Boynton had brought along from Michigan, soon realized that many fruits and vegetables thrived in the fertile climate. Pineapples, tomatoes, mangoes, and citrus fruit were packed in crates and shipped by the ton on the newly built Florida East Coast Railroad to satisfy the appetites of hungry Americans across the country. From the 1920s to today, Boynton Beach Oceanfront Park has been popular with residents and visitors alike. In the mid-1990s, the park underwent a major renovation during which the boardwalk was rebuilt out of recycled plastic. Boynton Beach's Oceanfront Park was voted the best family beach in Palm Beach County by The Palm Beach Post in 2001. In 2011 the boardwalk was renovated again, replacing the plastic with Ipe (pronounced ee-pay) wood (commonly known as Brazilian Walnut). In 2012 improvements were made to the buildings along the boardwalk, including total refurbishment of the restrooms. As of 2010, there were 36,289 households out of which 19.8% were vacant. As of 2000, 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.87.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1125
__label__cc	0.548144	0.451856	Painters (159) Sculptors (49) Mural painting and decoration (43) Art, American (37) Artists' studios (36) Art museums. (35) Printmakers (32) Art historians (28) United States. Works Progress Administration (15) Evergood, Philip (14) American Federation of Arts (13) Soyer, Raphael (13) Whitney Museum of American Art (13) Kuniyoshi, Yasuo (12) Lawrence, Jacob (12) Smithsonian Institution, Office of the Under Secretary (12) Washington, Booker T. (12) Calder, Alexander (11) Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt) (11) Howard University (11) Picasso, Pablo (11) Pollock, Jackson (11) Art Students League (New York, N.Y.) (10) Custom Craft (10) Federal Art Project (10) Frankenthaler, Helen (10) Hartley, Marsden (10) Henri, Robert (10) Lipchitz, Jacques (10) Rice, Moses P. (10) Scurlock Studio (Washington, D.C.) (10) Scurlock, Addison N. (10) Scurlock, George H. (Hardison) (10) Hispanic Americans (27) Latino Americans (27) Cuban Americans (5) Asian Americans (4) Japanese Americans (4) Latin Americans (4) Afro-Caribbean cults (3) Sauk Indians (3) Seneca Indians (3) Winnebago Indians (3) Assiniboine Indians (2) Caribbean Area (17) Shaw (Washington, D.C.) (10) Query: American Federation of Arts 1083 records — Page 92 of 109 Ashbrook, F. G, (Frank Getz), 1892- 2.6 linear meters. Smithsonian Institution, Office of the Secretary This accession consists of records that document the administrative activities in the Office of the Secretary during the tenure Ira Michael Heyman, Secretary, 1994-1999. These records document the expansion and development of the Institution, its museums, programs, projects, research activities, and significant events. Materials include corres... This accession consists of the official records of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Ira Michael Heyman and includes reports, correspondence, subject files, and other materials. Listings in bold and capital letters indicate both the topic of folder contents and major subheadings from the Secretary's Office file plan. This accession consists of administrative records and an index from the Office of the Secretary, Robert McCormick Adams, for fiscal year 1991. Listings in bold and capital letters indicate both the topic of folder contents and major subheadings from the Secretary's Office file plan. Museum Computer Network Dr. Hugh L. Dryden Memorabilia Dryden, Hugh L. (Hugh Latimer), Dr., 1898-1965 1.48 Cubic Feet (3 boxes) Dr. Hugh L. Dryden was an aerodynamicist by training, a career civil servant, and a government official. With degrees in physics and mathematics he became chief of the aerodynamics section of the National Bureau of Standards and eventually served as the first deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This collection consists of memorabilia relating to Dryden's career. This accession includes records documenting the administrative activities of Lawrence M. Small during his fourth year as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The records document issues with regard to the Institution's museums, exhibitions, research, fundraising, programs, and special events. Materials include correspondence, memoranda, ... Riccardo Giacconi Papers Giacconi, Riccardo 82.13 cu. ft. (80 record storage boxes) (2 document boxes) (1 16x20 box) (1 blueprint storage box) These records document Riccardo Giacconi's professional career, and consist of papers illustrating his scientific work and administrative records relating to the institutions at which he worked. There is extensive documentation of Giacconi's professional activities, including meetings attended, papers presented (and published), his services a... Smithsonian Institution., Office of Public Affairs This accession consists of clippings from newspapers and other publications collected by the Office of Public Affairs, which document exhibition openings, development/fundraising, education, and special events at Smithsonian Museums in 1992. This accession consists of records documenting the administrative activities of Lawrence M. Small during his third year as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The records document issues with regard to the Institution's museums, exhibitions, research, fundraising, programs, and special events. Materials include correspondence, memoranda,...	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1126
__label__wiki	0.877412	0.877412	Home > Resources: Publications > Protected Planet Report 2016: data, maps & figures (April 2016) Read/Download the Protected Planet Report 2016 The Protected Planet Report uses the April 2016 release of the World Database on Protected Areas.A total of 217,155 designated protected areas from 244 countries and territories were included (202,467 terrestrial and 14,688 marine). These include all protected areas designated at a national level, those under regional agreements (e.g. Natura 2000 network), and those under regional and international conventions or agreements (e.g Natural World Heritage sites). A total of 6,797 sites were excluded from the analyses. These included UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserves (583 sites), protected areas with a status of “proposed" (2,347 sites) or “not reported" (236 sites), and 3,631 sites reported as points without an associated area. UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserves (MAB reserves) were removed on the basis that their buffer areas and transition zones may not comply with the IUCN protected area definition. Moreover, most core areas of MAB reserves overlap with existing protected areas. The WDPA is constantly updated as new information and corrections are incorporated, but since this is a dynamic process, it can never be considered to be completely up to date. Nevertheless, since 2014, 85% of the database has been updated, and the aim is to update countries and territories at least every five years and to make concerted efforts to complete data holdings where these are deficient. All area calculations on coverage remove overlaps between protected areas (as a result of multiple designations) to avoid double counting. For those protected areas reported in the WDPA as points but which include an area, a buffer equal to the Reported Area was created and used in the analysis. To calculate the total area of the protected area estate in different years the field in the WDPA called Status Year was used. Status Year refers to the year a specific protected area was designated. Sites that no longer have protected area status are not stored in the WDPA. National protected areas coverage statistics based on WDPA April 2016 release (UNEP-WCMC 2016). To access full protected area country profiles, search for your preferred country at www.protectedplanet.net. Table of protected area coverage of terrestrial and marine ecoregions, biomes and realms (JRC and UNEP-WCMC 2016). Additional resources on protected area coverage of ecoregions are here. Maps and figures Percentage coverage of protected areas by year of protected area designation (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2016). Global map of protected areas (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2016). Global map of terrestrial national protected area coverage (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2016). Global map of protected area coverage of Economic Exclusion Zones (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2016). Global map of Protected Area Management Effectiveness (From Coad et al., 2015).	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1129
__label__wiki	0.900865	0.900865	Play Life, Live Games: SNES games could be headed to Switch Dusty Ricketts More Content Now It looks like Nintendo Switch’s terrific collection of classic games could soon be getting a lot better. Although I love the PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch, probably my favorite gaming console of all time is the Super Nintendo, launched in August 1991. It was the first console I bought with my own money (with an advance in my allowance from my parents) and its library of games include some of the most beloved games of all time, like “Super Mario World,” “The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past” and “Donkey Kong Country,” and some of my personal all-time favorites, such as “Super Tennis” and the Super Star Wars trilogy series. Since Nintendo launched its online service last year, it has been re-releasing old NES titles each month that are playable for free if you subscribe to the online service. It’s been great to play some of these classic games again, and it looks like Nintendo could soon add SNES games to the service as well. Last year, Nintendo released new controllers for the Switch that look and feel just like the old NES controllers. Just recently, a patent that Nintendo filed was discovered that looks like Nintendo is working on a replica of the Super Nintendo controller that would be compatible with the Switch. I would love to have SNES games on the Switch. For one, most of the great games you would expect to see in a collection of NES titles have already been added to the Switch’s library, although personally I would love for them to add “Friday the 13th” and “Kung Fu.” With their past consoles and handheld systems, Nintendo has always sold its classic games rather than put them all in one subscription service, so I could see them do that again on the Switch. I would prefer it if they just started adding these titles to the Nintendo Switch Online service like the NES titles. This month’s free NES games were “Kung-Fu Heroes” (it’s unfortunately not the Kung Fu game I’m looking for) and “Vice: Project Doom.” Those are two games I don’t even remember and most gamers were probably not asking for. If I’m playing “Super Tennis” or “Cybernator” on my Switch this time next year, I’ll be a happy gamer. Dusty Ricketts is the editor of The Destin Log and The Walton Sun newspapers and can be reached at dricketts@thedestinlog.com.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1130
__label__cc	0.604671	0.395329	DODD 4715.1E Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health (ESOH) Organization: DOD APPLICABILITY AND SCOPE This Directive applies to: The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Departments (including their Reserve components), the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, the DoD Field Activities, and all other organizational entities in the Department of Defense (hereafter referred to collectively as the "DoD Components"). DoD operations, activities, and installations worldwide, including Government-owned, contractor-operated facilities and non-DoD activities operating on DoD installations. Pollution prevention, compliance, conservation, restoration, munitions response, safety, occupational health, environmental health, explosives safety, fire and emergency services, pest management, environmental technology, and international activities. REISSUANCE AND PURPOSE This Directive: Reissues reference (a) and establishes policies on Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health (ESOH) to sustain and improve the DoD mission Continues to authorize the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). APPLICABILITY AND SCOPE This Directive applies to: The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Departments (including their Reserve components), the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of... DODD 4715.1E(D) ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY, AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (ESOH) (CANCELLING DODD 4715.1(D)) REISSUANCE AND PURPOSE. This Directive: Reissues reference (a) and establishes policies on Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health (ESOH) to sustain and improve the DoD mission Continues to... DODD 5101.1(D) CE-01 RPT - DOD EXECUTIVE AGENT (INCORPORATING CHANGE 1, MAY 9, 2003) Published by DODD on May 9, 2003 PURPOSE. Pursuant to the authority of the Secretary of Defense under reference (a), this Directive: Provides a DoD-wide definition of DoD Executive Agent. Provides DoD approval authority for... DODD 5134.01(D) CE-01 - UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION, TECHNOLOGY, AND LOGISTICS (USD(AT&L)) Published by DODD on April 1, 2008 REISSUANCE AND PURPOSE Under the authority vested in the Secretary of Defense by sections 113 and 133 of reference (a), this Directive: Reissues reference (b) to update the responsibilities,... DODD 6055.04 - DoD Traffic Safety Program Published by DOD on August 31, 2018 PURPOSE . Reissues DoD Instruction (DoDI) 6055.4 (Reference (a)) in accordance with the authority in DoD Directive (DoDD) 5134.01 (Reference (b)) and guidance promulgated pursuant to DoDDs 4715.1E,... DODD 6055.15 - DoD Laser Protection Program APPLICABILITY AND SCOPE This Instruction applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Military Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Office of... DODD 4715.17 - Environmental Management Systems PURPOSE. In accordance with the authority in DoD Directive (DoDD) 5134.01 (Reference (a)), this Instruction: a. Establishes policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures for achieving... DODD 4715.18 - EMERGING CHEMICALS (ECS) OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN Published by DODD on September 4, 2019 Purpose: In accordance with the authority in DoD Directive 5134.01, the July 13, 2018 Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, and the guidance in DoD Directives 4715.1E and 3020.40 and DoD... DODD 6055.20 - ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANT LONG-TERM HEALTH RISKS FROM PAST ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON MILITARY INSTALLATIONS Purpose: Pursuant to Section 313 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 and in accordance with the authority in DoD Directive (DoDD) 5134.01, and guidance in DoDD 4715.1E,... DODD 6055.19 CE-02 - AVIATION HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS (AHIRAPS) Published by DODD on June 10, 2019 Purpose: This issuance establishes policy, assigns responsibilities, and provides direction for developing, implementing, and maintaining the AHIRAPs of military flight operations quality assurance...	cc/2020-05/en_head_0058.json.gz/line1132

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