text stringlengths 1 1.96M | meta dict |
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\section*{Introduction}
The singularities in General Relativity can be avoided only if the stress-energy tensor in the right hand side of Einstein's equation satisfies some particular conditions. One way to avoid them was proposed by the authors of \cite{corda2010removingBHsingularities}, who have shown that the singu... | {
"timestamp": "2014-01-27T02:05:38",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2140",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2140"
} |
\section{Introduction}
It is generally believed that inflation can be a solution to the
problems of standard cosmology such as the horizon, flatness and
monopole problem. In addition to these achievements, inflation's
predictions are compatible with the large scale structure and CMB
fluctuations which is strong evidenc... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:21",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2266",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2266"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Periodically ordered arrays of nanoparticles, colloidal crystals,
crystalline mesophases formed from surfactant molecules or block
copolymers, etc. are all examples of complex periodic structures that
can occur in soft matter systems. Since often the interactions between
the constituent particle... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:54",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1794",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1794"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
Let $X$ be an algebraic variety of general type, over the complex field.
The dominant rational maps of finite degree
$X \dasharrow Y$ to varieties of general type,
up to birational isomorphisms $Y \dasharrow Y'$,
form a finite set. We call this the {\em finiteness theorem for rational maps
on... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:04",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2246",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2246"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Galactic bars are believed to play a crucial role in galaxy evolution.
By reducing angular momentum, galactic bars can efficiently transport
gas from outer disk to the central kiloparsec scale
\citep{lyndenbell79,sellwood81,albada81,combes85,pfenniger91,heller94,bournaud+02,athanassoula+03, joge... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:16",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1693",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1693"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
\hl{Thermodynamic measurements with both good absolute accuracy and high resolution are essential to understand fundamental properties of materials.} Demand for nanocaloric measurements is coming both from the wish to study new physics at mesoscopic scales and the need to inv... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:19",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2049",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2049"
} |
\section{Introduction}
It is proved in \cite{TeTr} that a simplicial complex $\Delta$ is a complete intersection
if the third power $I_{\Delta}^{3}$ of its Stanley-Reisner ideal
is Cohen-Macaulay,
using a result in \cite{MiT2, Var}.
On the other hand, there is a simplicial complex $\Delta$ which is not a comple... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:29",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1969",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1969"
} |
\section*{Methods}
\begin{small}
\begin{bfseries}
Lasersystem for the fundamental beams.
\end{bfseries}
A schematic of the laser system to produce the three fundamental beams is shown in the lower part of Fig. \ref{Fig:1}(b). The beam at $254\,\text{nm}$ is produced by a frequency-quadrupled Yb:YAG disc laser (ELS, Ve... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:02:01",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2121",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2121"
} |
\chapter*{\sc \textbf{Preface}}
\markboth{\sc \textbf{Preface}}{\sc \textbf{Preface}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\sc \textbf{Preface}}
\vspace{2cm}
One century has elapsed since the discovery of superconductivity
by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, opening a new world of significant
applications in technologies ranging from... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:02:34",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2159",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2159"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In his celebrated theorem
\citet{Nas:PNASUSA1950, Nas:AM1951} used fixed point theorems to prove that any finite game admits an equilibrium in mixed strategies. The result fails in general if the strategy sets are not finite. Several authors have provided conditions under which even infinite ga... | {
"timestamp": "2013-09-18T02:03:34",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2301",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2301"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The first molecule discovered in space was the CH radical (Dunham 1937). At
that time, the first predictions were made regarding the abundances of
molecules in interstellar space, identifying the hydroxyl radical (OH) as a
promising candidate (Swings \& Rosenfeld 1937). It took more than two
deca... | {
"timestamp": "2012-04-13T02:02:54",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1744",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1744"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{section-Introduction}
The theoretical description of strongly interacting many-particle quantum
systems in condensed matter physics is a difficult undertaking in general.
Even in those cases where it is possible to derive a Hamiltonian which
contains all relevant parts for a complete de... | {
"timestamp": "2012-08-02T02:05:51",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2164",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2164"
} |
\section{Introduction}
How dark matter (DM) couples to Standard Model (SM) particles is an open
question. An interesting possibility is that the coupling of dark and
visible sectors is through a Higgs portal \cite{Patt:2006fw, Kim:2006af,
MarchRussell:2008yu, Kim:2008pp, Ahlers:2008qc, Feng:2008mu, Andreas:2008xy,
Ba... | {
"timestamp": "2012-07-10T02:06:25",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2064",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2064"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Scalar fields are abundant in supersymmetric theories. They all
couple to each other with at least gravitational strength
interactions. Planck suppressed couplings are generically unimportant
when describing processes at low energies, but such a decoupling does
not work for inflation. This ca... | {
"timestamp": "2013-12-03T02:13:03",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1907",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1907"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a non-empty set and $n$ be a positive integer. If
$f:G^n\to G$ is an $n$-ary operation, then we use the compact
notation $f(x_1^n)$ for the elements $f(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$. In
general, if $x_i, x_{i+1}, \ldots, x_j$ is an arbitrary sequence of
elements in $G$, then we denote it a... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:02:02",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2125",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2125"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Graphene, a perfect carbon monolayer $sp^2-$hybridized, has attracted a huge interest since
its discovery.\cite{Novoselov_Geim_Morozov_Jiang_Zhang_Dubonos_Grigorieva_Firsov_2004,Geim_Novoselov_2007}
Besides a pure theoretical interest, its possible applications in carbon-based e... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:56",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2111",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2111"
} |
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:introduction}
Let $(M^{2n+1},\xi)$ be a cooriented contact manifold with associated contact form
$\alpha$, i.e. $\xi=\ker\alpha$. This structure determines a symplectic distribution
$(\xi,d\alpha_{|\xi}) \subset TM$. Any change of the associated contact form $\alpha$ does
not change ... | {
"timestamp": "2013-11-12T02:09:32",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2166",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2166"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro}
Imaging surveys provide a general tool to access the average properties
of galaxy populations. A survey data set usually consists of an
arrangement of primary images in one or several filters. These data are
often accompanied by various supplementary data. Examples for such... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:03:28",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1831",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1831"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Detailed knowledge about the statistical characteristics of the density structure is of pivotal importance for many fields in astronomy and astrophysics. Probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the density have been introduced as a simple and robust measure of the one-point statistics for m... | {
"timestamp": "2012-04-13T02:00:24",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2117",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2117"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Macromolecules such as DNA and proteins carry an electrical charge in aqueous solution because of
ionic dissociation of molecular groups on their surface. The amount and sign of the charge depends on various
factors such as the pH of the solution. If an external electric field is applied, the... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:19",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1953",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1953"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Parton distributions, supplemented by factorization theorems, play a crucial role in the understanding
and exploration of QCD \cite{qcdbook}. In formulating factorization theorems it is desirable to make as little approximations
in the kinematics as possible, so as to capture more of the unde... | {
"timestamp": "2012-04-03T02:07:30",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1916",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1916"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The development of $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric quantum mechanics (PTQM) attracts a lot of interests during the past decade
\cite{BE, MO}. The PTQM is based on the idea that the Hermiticity condition, which is stated as an axiom of quantum mechanics,
may be replaced by a certain less mat... | {
"timestamp": "2012-06-25T02:03:05",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2110",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2110"
} |
\section{Formulation of the problem}
The calculation is based on the coupled-channels AGS-Faddeev treatment of the $\bar KNN-\pi\Sigma N$ three-body system. The details of this approach have been already described in detail in several papers \cite{Nina1,Sato,Nina3}, here we shall recall them only briefly, mainly to int... | {
"timestamp": "2013-03-11T01:01:10",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1813",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1813"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The modern quantization method for gauge theories is based on the BRST symmetry \cite {BRS,T}. In the framework of the canonical formalism this symmetry is generated by the BRST charge.
If the quantum BRST charge exists it is essentially determined by the corresponding classical one. The BRST... | {
"timestamp": "2014-08-13T02:08:53",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1937",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1937"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
Throughout this note, let $X$ denote a {\em translation surface}, i.e.,
a (connected) topological surface with a translation atlas. Then $X$ is
automatically endowed with a conformal structure and a flat metric, and
so it is both a Riemann surface and a Riemannian manifold \cite{jHhM79}.
An... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:42",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1903",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1903"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The calculus of variations is a beautiful and useful field of mathematics
that deals with problems of determining extrema (maxima or minima)
of functionals \cite{BorisBookI,BorisBookII,book:Brunt}.
It starts with the simplest problem of finding a function extremizing
(minimizing or maximizing) a... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:25",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1961",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1961"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In the present paper we consider a discrete Schr\"odinger operator, i.e., a Jacobi matrix
\begin{equation}\label{J}
\mathcal J=
\left(%
\begin{array}{cccc}
b_1 & 1 & 0 & \cdots \\
1 & b_2& 1 & \cdots \\
0 & 1 & b_3 & \cdots \\
\vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \\
\... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:14",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1935",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1935"
} |
\section{Introduction}
One of the distinctive feature of the QCD phase diagram is the
possible emergence of a critical endpoint (CEP) where the first-order
chiral phase transition line at large chemical potential
terminates. Many properties of the endpoint such as, e.g., its precise
location are still unknown. However... | {
"timestamp": "2012-11-16T02:04:37",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1883",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1883"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Euclid's fifth postulate (called also the eleventh or twelfth axiom) states: "If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side less than two right angles, the two straight lines if produced indefinitely meet on that side on which are the angles less than... | {
"timestamp": "2012-09-11T02:01:34",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2243",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2243"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The possibility to observe and induce valence instabilities in Eu containing intermetallic compounds has been of considerable interest and the topic of many experimental as well as theoretical investigations \cite{Bauminger1974, Felner1977,Sampathkumaran1981, Perscheid1985, Nagarajan1981, Wortm... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:10",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1865",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1865"
} |
\section{Introduction}
While our knowledge about the universe has improved over the last decades with the advent of new observational data, there are several dark sides of the universe that have not been so far described from a fundamental point of view: what caused the initial inflationary era of the universe? what i... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:46",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2097",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2097"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Observations of the thermal dust emission is one of the main methods
used to map dense interstellar clouds. Sub-millimetre and millimetre
emission is considered one of the most reliable ways of obtaining
information about cloud cores in the different stages of the star
formation process, from s... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:19",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2263",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2263"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
In \cite{BK2}, Berenstein and Kazhdan introduced the notion of decorated
geometric crystals for reductive algebraic groups.
Geometric crystals are geometric analogue to the
Kashiwara's crystal bases (\ci... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:58",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2112",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2112"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Let $f: \mc D \to \bb R$ be a function on a compact subset $\mc D \subseteq \bb R^d$. We would like to address the global optimization problem
\[ x_M = \argmax_{x \in \mc D} f(x). \]
Let us assume for the sake of simplicity that the objective function $f$ has a unique global ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:02:48",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2177",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2177"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Observations over the past few decades have shown that during the star formation process, mass accretion is commonly associated with mass ejection in the form of jets. The interaction between the jet and the parent cloud generates shock fronts, that form large cavities called bipolar outflows. ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:27",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1890",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1890"
} |
\section*{I. Introduction}
In recent years progress has been achieved in the understanding of the heterogeneous dynamics observed in supercooled liquids and glassy systems\cite{Sillescu99, Berthier:2011p6852}.
Starting with NMR experiments\cite{SRS91, HWZS95, G13} a number of frequency-selective techniques have been de... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:48",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1785",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1785"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{section:introduction}
The more-than-ten-years-long history of the large-scale laser gravitation-wave (GW) detectors (the first one, TAMA~\cite{TAMAsite} started to operate in 1999, and the most powerful pair, the two detectors of the LIGO project~\cite{LIGOsite}, in 2001, not to forget ab... | {
"timestamp": "2012-05-10T02:02:59",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1706",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1706"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{sect:intro}
Game theory is the theory of competitive interactions between decision makers having different interests. Its primary purpose is to further understand such real-world interactions through mathematical modelling, so it usually studies games that involve many players and many pos... | {
"timestamp": "2014-05-09T02:09:38",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1866",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1866"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The Standard Model (SM) has proven to be an incredibly successful theory over the past decades.
However successful, it is an effective theory that must break down above a certain
energy scale, and there are strong theoretical arguments to believe that it breaks down
at the electroweak scale. Fo... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:30",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2069",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2069"
} |
\section{Introduction}
A typical manifestation of the reflection-asymmetric quadrupole-octupole
deformation in the energy spectra of even-even atomic nuclei is the formation
of level sequences with alternating parities \cite{BN96}. Usually the levels
with opposite parity are related through enhanced electric E1 a... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:14",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1873",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1873"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The CMS ridge effect is a two-particle angular correlation effect observed by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) proton-proton collisions at high charged track multiplicities ($N_{ch} > 110$) and in a specific transverse momentum range ($p_T = 1-3$~GeV). Thi... | {
"timestamp": "2012-05-17T02:02:49",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2048",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2048"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Electronic transport properties, the motion of electrons, in a
random potential are closely related to the phenomenon of
Anderson localization\cite{PAnderson1958}.
The phenomena of Anderson localization have been studied
in various fields including photonics\cite{caoh2... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:15",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1746",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1746"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Let ${\rm PG}(2,q)$, $q=p^h$, $p$ a prime, denote the Desarguesian projective plane
of order $q$. A {\em maximal arc} of {\em degree} $n$ is a set of points of
${\rm PG}(2,q)$ meeting every line in either $0$ or $n\le q$ points. For example, a
point or the complement of a line are maximal arcs;... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:28",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1766",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1766"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The large-$N$ limit plays an important role in our understanding of gauge and spin models. It is also crucial for
the justification of the so-called AdS/CFT correspondence. In this context, a very interesting connection between instabilities of the
de Sitter space on the gravitational side and... | {
"timestamp": "2012-05-10T02:04:28",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2256",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2256"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Some of the main applications of modern algebraic topology, including
the development of structured ring spectra
\cite{ekmm,hovey-shipley-smith}, have been to the subject of
algebraic $K$-theory. These new foundations introduce strictly
associative and commutative ring objects ... | {
"timestamp": "2013-01-16T02:01:17",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1696",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1696"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In recent years, the real variable theory of Hardy spaces, which originates from the work of Fefferman and Stein \cite{fs}, has been extend to a variety of new settings.
These developments involve replacing the euclidean Laplacian with a different semigroup generator $L$, and the space ${\mathbb ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-05-31T02:02:09",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1998",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1998"
} |
\section{Introduction}
``Alternate quantization'' was first studied by Breitenlohner and
Freedman\cite{Freedman1} in the context of compactifications of
supergravity theories to anti-de Sitter space. In the wake of
developments in AdS/CFT correspondence, there has been a renewed
interest in it. Klebanov and Witte... | {
"timestamp": "2012-10-08T02:02:39",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2106",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2106"
} |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
Solar flares have been understood as the result of magnetic reconnection in the solar corona \citep[see recent review by][]{Hudson2011SSRv..158....5H}.
Although magnetic field evolution in solar photosphere plays important roles in building energy and triggering eruption, most models of flare... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:22",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2267",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2267"
} |
\section{Introduction}
New generation supercapacitors are used for a broad range of applications in nanoscopic scale technologies. In water purification technology, capacitive desalination is an efficient candidate that might replace the current leading technics such as reverse osmosis, a membrane based purification m... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:34",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2285",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2285"
} |
\section{\label{Intro}Introduction}
The beautiful classification of $2$-bridge links by rational numbers has not
yet been generalized to 3-bridge links. One of the goals of this paper is to
introduce a tool that eventually might lead to a generalization of this classification.
It is well known \cite{seifert} th... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:16",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2045",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2045"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Ultracold Fermi gases offer a unique possibility to investigate many-body
phenomena in a controlled environment
\cite{Giorgini:2008,Ketterle:2008,Lee:2008fa,Chin:2010aa}.
In dilute systems of two-component
fermions, the interactions are characterized by the S-wave scattering length.
Close to a... | {
"timestamp": "2012-08-16T02:03:37",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1824",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1824"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{s:introduction}
A Requirement Engineering Method (\xc{rem}) can be thought of as a combination of a formalism for the representation and analysis of requirements, and of processes to support and guide the user of the formalism through Requirements Engineering (\xc{re}) tasks, such as requi... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:41",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1717",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1717"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The physics of cold dense quark matter is governed by the theory of strong interactions, the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Unfortunately, it becomes strongly coupled in the phenomenologically interesting range of densities. At present, there is no analytic method in the market that would be able... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:24",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1705",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1705"
} |
{
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:02:42",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2168",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2168"
} | |
\section{Introduction}
Fix integers $L\ge 2$ and $N\ge 1$.
We consider following time-dependent Schr\"odinger system
\begin{equation}\label{eq Sch Intro}
\kappa \frac{\partial}{\partial z_i}\Psi({\bf q,z})=H_i\left({\bf q, \frac{\partial}{\partial q},z}\right)\Psi({\bf q,z})\quad
(1\le i\le N)
\end{equation}
where $\... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:52",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2009",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2009"
} |
\section{Introduction} The wave-particle interaction has long been considered a dominant energy-momentum exchange mechanism in space and astrophysical plasmas. Beyond the dense and internal boundaries of stars and planetary magnetospheres, space and astrophysical plasmas are predominantly collisionless, and populated b... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:47",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2302",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2302"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Consider the generalized continuous-time algebraic Lyapunov equation (GCALE)
\begin{equation}\label{GCALE}
A^*XB + B^*XA =-Q
\end{equation}
with given matrices $Q, A, B$ and unknown matrix $X$. Such equations play an important role
in stability theory \cite{13, 38}, optimal control problems... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:03:15",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1821",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1821"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) are known by their intense processes of star-formation.
These make that their optical spectra were dominated by the blue light from massive young
stars and the bright emission lines from the ionised gas, so they are also called
H {\sc ii} galaxies.
Their hig... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:11",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2186",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2186"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The evolution of a nucleus from a single ground-state shape into two
separated fragments in nuclear fission has, since its discovery
\cite{hahn39:a}, been described in terms of potential-energy surfaces
that are functions of suitable shape coordinates
\cite{meitner39:a,bohr39:a}. Originally the ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-06-18T02:03:02",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2011",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2011"
} |
\section{Introduction}
One of the most interesting problems of geometric mechanics is related
to the integrability conditions of the inverse problem of the calculus
of variations for time-dependent second-order ordinary dif\/ferential
equations (SODE). The inverse problem can be formulated as follows. Given
a~time-dep... | {
"timestamp": "2012-09-07T02:01:57",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1716",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1716"
} |
\section{ Introduction}
\label{sec-1}
\IAENGPARstart{T}{he} goal of this paper is to investigate a geometric flow of closed plane curves $\Gamma^t, t\ge0$, minimizing the anisoperimetric ratio. We will show that the normal velocity $\beta$ for such a geometric flow is a function of the anisotropic curvature, the total... | {
"timestamp": "2013-06-06T02:00:30",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2238",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2238"
} |
\section{Introduction}
For a long time spicules \citep{Beckers1968} have been examined as structures that intermittently
couple the chromosphere and the corona through a continuous ejection of mass flux and thereby
causing heating. However, the coronal counterparts of these jets were never found \citep{Withbroe1983,... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:31",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2073",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2073"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Recently, optical lattices have acquired primary experimental importance since they allow the study of the main features of systems of well-localized cold atoms: among others, the intriguing interplay of thermal and quantum effects in bosonic gases can thus be investigated rather pr... | {
"timestamp": "2012-06-06T02:03:43",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2030",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2030"
} |
\section{Introduction\label{sec.introd}}
For numerical analysis of the Solar System dynamics it is chosen as standard of measurement the Astronomical Unit (AU). This standard of measurement
fixes the measurement projection for spatial-lengths and, through Kepler's third law, relates the measurement projection for s... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:03:42",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1844",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1844"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
The fractional calculus, \textit{i.e.} the mathematical field dealing with the generalization of the derivative to any real order, plays an increasing role in many varied domains as economy \cite{comt} or probability \cite{levy,stan}. Fractional derivatives also appear in many fields of Physics ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:29",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1707",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1707"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The notion of the dimension of a triangulated category has been introduced implicitly by Bondal and Van den Bergh \cite{BV} and explicitly by Rouquier \cite{R}.
It is defined as the number of extensions necessary to build the category from a single object, up to finite direct sum, direct summand... | {
"timestamp": "2012-05-15T02:00:45",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1955",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1955"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In this work, we extend the result that perfect isolated-object cloaking is impossible over a nonzero bandwidth~\cite{Pendry06, Miller06} to show that even \emph{imperfect} cloaking of isolated objects necessarily has a bandwidth that decreases with the size of the object. More generally, we show... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:14",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2190",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2190"
} |
\section{The Gabriel Quiver of $\mathbf{\B_Q}$}
As before let $k$ be a field and $Q$ a finite, acyclic quiver. Theorem \ref{extkoecher-theo-Extkoecher} is a direct consequence of the next two subsections.
One remark before we start. In \cite{DHST} the authors determined among other things the radical and Gabriel quiv... | {
"timestamp": "2012-07-03T02:04:11",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1943",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1943"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
A great number of physical laws that freshmen are confronted with in the physics lab are linear in nature or can be linearized.
The parameters of these relations are physical constants or characteristics of the system under study.
Most often the aim of the lab is to est... | {
"timestamp": "2012-11-20T02:00:51",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2022",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2022"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Structured programming was a great step forward
from the preceding stage of chaotic programming.
The next step, beyond structured programming,
is \emph{verification-driven} programming,
where proof of correctness and code are developed in parallel.
Matrix Code is important for the practic... | {
"timestamp": "2012-05-09T02:04:33",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2296",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2296"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The 5D$_{3/2}$ level in a barium ion has a lifetime of approximately 80 seconds \cite{dehmelt97}, corresponding to a 13 mHz linewidth for the electric quadrupole 6S$_{1/2} \leftrightarrow$ 5D$_{3/2}$ transition. This transition is an important component of a number of proposed experiments. Firs... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:33",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1978",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1978"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Virtually all thermodynamic phase transitions are driven by interactions between particles, which promote symmetry breaking into an ordered state. The phase transition comes about as a result of the competition between the energy, which favours the ordered state, and the entrop... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:27",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2063",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2063"
} |
\section{Introduction}
{\bf Semantic distance} is a measure of how close or
distant the meanings of two units of language are.
The units of language may be words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, or
documents.
The nouns {\it dance}
and {\it choreography}, for example, are closer in meaning than the
nouns {\it ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:04",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1858",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1858"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\vspace{5mm}
It has turned out that supersymmetric Chern-Simons-matter theories play a very important role in the study of M-theory.
The low energy dynamics of M2-branes is described by such a three-dimensional field theory.
Details of the theory, the amount of supercharges and matter c... | {
"timestamp": "2012-04-11T02:01:42",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2039",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2039"
} |
\section{Number of defects}
We would like to thank G. Biroli, P. Calabrese, M. Fabrizio, R. Fazio, A. Gambassi, G. Mussardo, C. Kollath, G. Santoro, and in particular M. Marcuzzi for useful and enlightening discussions. A. S. would like to thank the Galileo Galilei Institute in Firenze for hospitality during the compl... | {
"timestamp": "2012-08-28T02:01:05",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2108",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2108"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the signal of interest $\rho$ represents the magnetization induced by resonance in the imaged tissues. In the standard setting, data acquired in MRI provide complete Fourier, or $\bm{k}$-space, measurements of this signal $\rho$. Accelerating the acquisition ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:31",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2205",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2205"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Photoionization of atoms and molecules is one of the most fundamental quantum processes. It played a key role in the early days of quantum mechanics and has ever since been paving the way towards an improved understanding of the structure and dynamics of matter on a microscopic scale. Today, kine... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:12",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2038",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2038"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Very many absorption features known as ``diffuse interstellar bands'' (DIBs) appear on the interstellar extinction curve for wavelengths longer than 400 nm. The upper wavelength limit below which DIBs have been observed was recently shifted to 1800 nm (Geballe et al. \cite{geballe11}). The ori... | {
"timestamp": "2012-04-09T02:01:19",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2026",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2026"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
IC~1396 is a large H\,{\sc ii}\ region in the Cep OB2 association, excited by the O6.5V star HD~206267. Its border includes many bright-rimmed molecular clouds \citep{Weikard1996}, among which IC~1396A is the closest globule, 3.7~pc away from HD~206267 in the plane of t... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:35",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1772",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1772"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
The {Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker} (FLRW) spacetime represents, in conformity with General Relativity, the universe at very large scale, where it is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic \cite{FRI22de,FRI99en,FRI24,LEM27,ROB35I,ROB35II,ROB35III,WAL37}. At the Big Bang, it exhibits a ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-08-08T02:02:35",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1819",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1819"
} |
\section{Introduction}
As all good mathematical scientists know, a broad community has contributed to the invention of modern algorithms. Computer scientists, applied mathematicians, statisticians, economists, and physicists, to name just a few, have made lasting contributions. Exposing students to a variety of perspe... | {
"timestamp": "2013-05-17T02:02:22",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2295",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2295"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Recent improvement of the techniques of
ground-based Cherenkov telescopes has increased
the number and variety of TeV gamma-ray objects.
Five gamma-ray binaries have been detected so far, with
all of them known to be high mass X-ray binary systems.
Their common emission mechanism h... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-14T01:02:54",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2179",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2179"
} |
\section{Introduction} It was quite recent that the complete answers were given in \cite{Ueda:AdvMath11,Ueda:MRL} to the questions of factoriality, type classification, fullness and $\mathrm{Sd}$- and $\tau$-invariants for arbitrary free product von Neumann algebras. It is natural as a next project to consider the same... | {
"timestamp": "2012-05-16T02:03:30",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1806",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1806"
} |
\section{Introduction\label{Introduction} }
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} calculation of error probability for Linear
Programming (LP) decoding of Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) modulated
binary codes is often a complex task. This is mainly due to the complexity
of LP Voronoi or decision regions \cite{DecisionRegions} \cite{... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:03:49",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1850",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1850"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
The study of face numbers of polytopes is a classical problem.
For a simplicial $d$-polytope $P$ let $f_i(P)$ denote the number of its $i$-dimensional faces, where $-1\leq i\leq d-1$ ($f_{-1}(P)=1$ for the emptyset).
The numbers $f_i(P)$ are conveniently described by th... | {
"timestamp": "2012-04-06T02:03:00",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1720",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1720"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The symmetric derivative of function $f$ at point $x$
is defined as $\lim_{h \rightarrow 0} (f(x+h)-f(x-h))/(2h)$.
The notion of symmetrically differentiable is interesting
because if a function is differentiable at a point then
it is also symmetrically differentiable, but the converse
is not tr... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:35",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2212",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2212"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Nowadays the equation of state (EOS) of isospin symmetric nuclear
matter is now relatively well determined mainly by studying
collective flows in heavy-ion collisions and nuclear giant
monopole resonances \cite{pd02,youngblood99}. The major remaining
uncertainty about the EOS of symmetric ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:47",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1724",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1724"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The interaction between light and matter are interaction between two groups of physical quantities i.e. quantities derived from electromagnetic waves, electric fields, $\vec{E}(\vec{r},t)$, and magnetic fields, $\vec{H}(\vec{r},t)$, with quantities derived from the material i.e. electric suscep... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:48",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1725",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1725"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In this paper we consider optimization problems where the objective is a sum of
two terms: The first term is separable in the variable blocks, and the second
term is separable in the difference between consecutive variable blocks. One
example is the Fused Lasso method in statistical learning,
\... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:03:21",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1828",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1828"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The wealth of interesting physical phenomena that can be found for equiatomic intermetallic compounds, like superconductivity, heavy-fermion or Kondo behavior, magnetic ordering, or thermopower, is not only due
to the vast amount of possibilities of combining two or more different elements fr... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:44",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2095",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2095"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In quantum information theory, quantum systems can be used to transmit classical information. But quantum systems can be neither unambiguously distinguished~\cite{holevo1,pang}, nor perfectly cloned~\cite{noclone} in general. Usually the information encoded in quantum systems cannot be transmitt... | {
"timestamp": "2012-05-08T02:01:27",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2251",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2251"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The standard vision on Hawking radiation (HR) of massive particles dates back to~\cite{Page:1976df}. It states essentially that there is a cut-off in the emission of massive particles because the Hawking temperature $T_H$ of the black hole must deliver $E \geq m$. Therefore, as anticipated in~\c... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:53",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1729",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1729"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Recall that a metric space $(X,\rho)$ is called an
\emph{ultrametric space} if for every $x,y,z\in X$ we have $\rho(x,y)
\leq \max\{ \rho (x,z), \rho(z,y) \}$. Such spaces naturally appear and
have applications in
various areas such as number theory, $p$-adic analysis, and computer
sci... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:26",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1761",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1761"
} |
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:Conclusion}
In this paper, we study the mixing time of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for the integer least-square optimization problem. It is found that the mixing time of MCMC for the integer least-square problem depends on the structure of the underlying lattice. More specifically,... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:36",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2213",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2213"
} |
\section{Introduction/Context}
All stars with masses initially between $\sim$8 and
$\sim$150\,M$_\odot$\ eventually form a degenerate core that inevitably
collapses to form a proto-neutron star. Much less certain is its subsequent
evolution, the potential formation of a black hole, and the powering of a
supernova (SN... | {
"timestamp": "2013-01-31T02:01:03",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1926",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1926"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Efficient data gathering in sensor networks has been the topic of many research projects where different applications have been considered.
One of the concerns in data gathering is to take care of \textit{inter-node redundancy} during the transmission.
When the knowledge of inter-node dependency... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-16T01:01:08",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1892",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1892"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The goal of this paper is to give a unified theory for {\it integrable
surfaces} using the real forms of complex extended framings of complex
{\sc CMC}-immersions and the generalized Weierstra{\ss} type
representation for complex {\sc CMC}-immersions.
It is classically known that {\sc CMC... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:42",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1718",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1718"
} |
\subsection*{Einleitung}
Außer den verschiedenen Rechenarten, die im allgemeinen in der Zahlentheorie zu behandelt werden pflegen und quasi den praktischen Teil dieser Disziplin festsetzen, ist der theoretische Teil derselben, der sich mit dem Untersuchen der Natur der Zahlen beschäftigt, schon einst begonnen worden ni... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:41",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1993",
"language": "de",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1993"
} |
\section*{\hfil #1\hfil}}
\bibliographystyle{abbrv}
\newenvironment{proof}{\paragraph{\bf Proof:}}{\hspace*{\fill}\(\Box\)}
\title{Matrix Representation of Iterative Approximate Byzantine Consensus in Directed Graphs\thanks{This research is supported... | {
"timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:25",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.1888",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1888"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Inflation \cite{Guth:1980zm,Linde:1981mu, Albrecht:1982wi} is remarkably successful at accounting for the primordial perturbations. While it is a relatively simple matter to arrange for an inflationary phase in the early universe, the challenge is to make it end, and end in such a way that the ... | {
"timestamp": "2012-08-21T02:12:24",
"yymm": "1203",
"arxiv_id": "1203.2264",
"language": "en",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2264"
} |
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