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\section{Introduction} There are no natural boundaries for the gravitational field analogous to the conducting boundaries that play a major role in electromagnetism. In principle, there is no need to introduce any. The behavior of the universe as a whole can be posed as an initial value (Cauchy) problem. In an initial...
{ "timestamp": "2012-04-25T02:05:25", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2154", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2154" }
\section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading} Cellular membranes are two-dimensional (2D) liquids composed of thousands of different lipids and membrane bound proteins. Though once thought of as uniform solvents for embedded proteins, a wide array of biochemical and biophysical evidence suggests that cellular membr...
{ "timestamp": "2012-08-06T02:03:04", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2199", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2199" }
\section*{Results} \paragraph{Formulation of the problem and intuitive analysis} We consider the hamiltonian of an integrable quantum system with an integrability-breaking perturbation $\hat{V}$: $\hat{H} = H_{0}(\hat{\vec{n}}) + \hat{V}$. Here the integrable part of the hamiltonian is a function $H_{0}$ of all the m...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:30", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1972", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1972" }
\section*{Abstract (Not appropriate in this style!)}% \else \small \begin{center}{\bf Abstract\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}}\end{center}% \quotation \fi }% }{% }% \@ifundefined{endabstract}{\def\endabstract {\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}}{}% \@ifundefined{maketitle}{\def\maketitle#1{}}{}% \@ifund...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:47", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1999", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1999" }
\section{Introduction} The ability of a material to convert heat into electricity is measured by the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit $ZT$ defined by: \begin{equation} ZT=\frac{S^2GT}{(\kappa_\mathrm{e}+\kappa_\mathrm{l})} \end{equation} where $S$ denotes the Seebeck coefficient, $G$ the electrical conduc...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:10", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2032", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2032" }
\section{Introduction} It is widely believed that eruptions in solar atmosphere, such as flare, filament eruption and coronal mass ejection (CME), are the intermittent liberation of non-potential magnetic energy stored in coronal magnetic field. Magnetic helicity is a quantitative measure of twists, kinks, and inter-l...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:46", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2096", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2096" }
\section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}} Dynamical dark matter (DDM)~\cite{DynamicalDM1,DynamicalDM2} is a new framework for dark-matter physics in which the requirement of stability is replaced by a delicate balancing between lifetimes and cosmological abundances across a vast ensemble of individual ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:06", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1923", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1923" }
\section{Introduction} The one-dimensional (1d) Hubbard model is the simplest model of strongly interacting dynamics of spinful fermions on a lattice within a single-band approximation. Its Hamiltonian reads \begin{equation} H=-t\sum_{i=1}^{L-1}\sum_{s\in\{\uparrow,\downarrow\}}(c_{i,s}^\dagger c_{i+1,s}+{\rm h.c.})+U...
{ "timestamp": "2012-07-03T02:03:30", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1727", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1727" }
\section{Introduction} The activity of star formation (SF) in a present-day galaxy is strongly related to the local galaxy density and stellar mass \citep[][]{kwh+04}. Massive early-type galaxies lie in higher density environments \citep[][]{Dressler80} and are dominated by redder, older stars than less massive ones....
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:03:37", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1840", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1840" }
\section{Observational Setup\label{setup}} \subsection{Requirements for AO observations near the limb} To successfully operate an AO system, its wave front sensor (WFS) needs an object image with high contrast. If the images have insufficient contrast, the wavefront can neither be measured nor corrected accurately. On...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:58", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2114", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2114" }
\section{Introduction} The blue horizontal branch (BHB) and RR Lyrae stars are well-established tracers of the oldest stars in the galactic halo although their galactic distribution may not coincide with other halo tracers such as the turn-off stars (Bell et al. 2010). This paper continues those on other sur...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:02:13", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2146", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2146" }
\section{Introduction: Motels and Bells} In chapter 6 of his book ``Time Travel and other Mathematical Bewilderments'' \cite{Gard}, Martin Gardner discusses the following problem, a special case of D. H. Lehmer's ``motel problem'' from \cite{Lehmer}. \bigskip {\sl Mr.\ Smith manages a motel. It consists of $n$ ro...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:03:32", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1835", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1835" }
\section{Introduction} The lower central series $\lbrace{L_i(A),i\ge 1\rbrace}$, of a noncommutative algebra $A$ is defined inductively by $L_1(A)=A$, and $L_{i+1}(A)=[A,L_i(A)]$. In other words, $L_i(A)$ is spanned by "$i$-commutators" $[a_1,[a_2,...[a_{i-1}, a_i]...]]$, where $a_1,...,a_i\in A$. It is interesting to...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:31", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1893", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1893" }
\section{Introduction} In this article we derive an equation for the cusp anomalous dimension for all angles and for all values of the 't Hooft coupling $\lambda =g_{YM}^2 N$ in the planar limit of ${\cal N} =4$ super Yang Mills. We obtain a system of non-linear integral equations of the form of a Thermodynamic Beth...
{ "timestamp": "2012-08-02T02:07:38", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1913", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1913" }
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Graphene after experimental discovery of its high-quality freestanding samples, \cite{novo} has attracted a strong attention.\cite{cast} Charge carriers in a single-layer graphene possess a gapless, linear spectrum close to the $K$ and $K'$ points \cite{novo,cast,wallace} and...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:32", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2284", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2284" }
\chapter*{Statements of Contributions} \textbf{Declaration by author} This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-16T01:00:47", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2222", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2222" }
\section{Introduction} Up to a certain energy level standard model(SM) has an impressive success explaining experimental data so far. Nowadays LHC is running with one of the main motivation of discovering SM Higgs boson and if SM Higgs boson to be discovered, the leading problem to focus will be stabilizing its mass...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:54", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2232", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2232" }
\section{Introduction} The problem of vacuum energy is probably one of the most interesting puzzles of modern physics. The observable energy density of the vacuum is at least 60 orders of magnitude smaller {than the value expected from the Standard Model}. {There is no known natural way to derive the tiny cosmological...
{ "timestamp": "2012-04-18T02:01:55", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2290", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2290" }
\section{Introduction} The discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe \cite{Riess,Perlmutter} has raised a number of difficult problems in cosmology. The cosmic acceleration can be explained via the introduction of so-called dark energy (for recent review, see \cite{Dark-6,Cai:2009zp}) with quite st...
{ "timestamp": "2012-06-08T02:02:27", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1976", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1976" }
\section{Introduction and the statement of results} \label{Sec-1} Let $\mathbb{N}$ be the set of natural numbers, $\mathbb{N}_0:=\mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}$, $\mathbb{Z}$ the ring of rational integers, $\mathbb{Q}$ the field of rational numbers, $\mathbb{R}$ the field of real numbers, $\mathbb{C}$ the field of complex numbe...
{ "timestamp": "2013-10-14T02:06:33", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2242", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2242" }
\section{introduction} Quantum dynamics of quantum systems coupled to fermionic or bosonic environments has recently attracted wide-spread interest in quantum open systems, quantum dissipative systems, quantum transport, quantum computing, and nanoscience \cite{xx,yy,nnn,mmm}. For example, the size reduction of qu...
{ "timestamp": "2013-05-09T02:00:27", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2219", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2219" }
\section{Conclusion and Future Work} \label{sec:conc} In this work, we established optimal algorithms for the worst-case behavior of join algorithms. We also demonstrated that the join algorithms employed in RDBMSes do not achieve these optimal bounds -- and we demonstrated families of instances where they were asym...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:18", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1952", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1952" }
\section{Introduction} In recent years, a variety of novel experimental approaches have enabled tests of fundamental quantum physics such as superpositions, entanglement, tunneling or quantum phase transitions in artificial devices. Prominent examples hereof are quantum circuits, quantum dots or optical lattices~...
{ "timestamp": "2012-05-11T02:03:15", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1857", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1857" }
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The Casimir force is known to depend on the electromagnetic properties of the relevant objects (`mirrors') and on their geometric configuration, in a rather involved way~\cite{reviews}. To put the problem we shall deal with in context, let us consider the Casimir force for a ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-06-08T02:01:12", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1855", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1855" }
\section{Introduction} The Low Mass X-ray Binary (LMXB) EXO 0748-67 was discovered in 1985 (Parmar et al. 1986) as a transient X-ray source and its optical counterpart, UY Vol was discovered in the same year (Wade et al. 1985). EXO 0748-676 is a well known LMXB that has been the target of detailed timing and spectro...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:56", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1731", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1731" }
\section{Introduction} \label{s:introduction} A Chevalley involution $C$ of a connected reductive group over an algebraically closed field satisfies $C(h)=h\inv$ for all $h$ in some Cartan subgroup of $G$. Furthermore, $C$ takes any semisimple\footnote{George Lusztig pointed out this is true for all elements \cite{...
{ "timestamp": "2014-02-14T02:06:37", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1901", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1901" }
\section{Introduction} Bolometers are detectors in which the energy from particle interactions is converted to thermal energy and measured via their rise in temperature. They provide excellent energy resolution, though their response is slow compared to conventional detectors. These features make them a suitable cho...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:46", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1782", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1782" }
\section{Introduction} \par In this paper, we restrict our attention to the edge ideals of graphs. For a graph $G=(V(G),E(G))$, the edge ideal, denoted by $I(G)$, is defined by \[ I(G) = (x_ix_j \; :\; \{x_i,x_j\} \in E(G))S, \] where $S = K[v : v \in V(G)] = K[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$ is a polynomial ring o...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:28", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1967", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1967" }
\section{Introduction} \noindent {\bf 1.}{ \bf Introduction} \setcounter {section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \hspace{5.1mm} The parabolic equation \beq \label{11} {\cal L}_ \varepsilon u \equiv \varepsilon \partial_{xxt} u + c^2 \partial_{xx}u - \partial_{tt}u = -f \eeq \noi...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:10", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2253", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2253" }
\section{Introduction} In the experimental setup described in the previous paragraph, bouncing droplets on a fluid bed may couple with the underlying wave field to create a combined particle-wave system. Upon each bounce with the fluid bed, the droplet generates a wave field in the bath. As the droplet continues t...
{ "timestamp": "2013-10-21T02:01:24", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2204", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2204" }
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Queueing models with many-servers are prevalent in modeling call centers and other large-scale service systems. They are used for optimizing staffing and making dynamic control decisions. The complexity of the underlying queueing model renders such optimization problems intract...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:47", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1723", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1723" }
\section*{Introduction}\label{sec-intro} Let $\bk$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Let $f\in \bk[[\bdx]][z]$ be a polynomial with coefficients in the formal power series ring $\bk[[\bdx]]:=\bk[[x_1,\cdots, x_d]]$. If $d=1$, its zero locus $(\{f=0\},0)\subset (\bk^2,0)$ defines a germ of pl...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:23", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1704", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1704" }
\section{Introduction}\mylabel{sec:intro} Graphs in this paper are allowed to have loops and multiple edges. A graph is a {\em minor} of another if the first can be obtained from a subgraph of the second by contracting edges. An {\em $H$ minor} is a minor isomorphic to $H$. A graph $G$ is {\em apex} if it has a vertex...
{ "timestamp": "2013-04-09T02:00:21", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2171", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2171" }
\section{Introduction} Calorimetry is a powerful tool that allows complete thermodynamic characterization of materials. In particular, nanocaloric measurements are suitable to study phase transitions and specific heat dependencies of new superconductors, often available in just $\upmu$g quantities. In the past two deca...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:20", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2052", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2052" }
\section{Data to Monte Carlo comparison of transverse helicity} \label{sect:datamccomp} \begin{figure*} \begin{changemargin}{-0.05\textwidth}{-0.05\textwidth} \centering \subfigure[$\mu^+$]{ \includegraphics[width=0.38\textwidth]{fig_03a.pdf} }\hspace*{-0.5cm} \subfigure[$\mu^-$]{ \includ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-05-24T02:03:42", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2165", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2165" }
\section{Introduction} Extending the Morse potential by the addition of some nonsingular function, in such a way that the resulting potential remains exactly solvable (ES), has a long history and has been done along several paths.\par In the context of unbroken supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) \cite{cooper}, ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-06-01T02:04:42", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1812", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1812" }
\section{Stripe 82 and Statistical Variability} A small section of sky observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) known as Stripe 82 (S82) was specifically targeted for multiple photometric observations. The stripe covers the area 22h 24m$ < $ RA$ < $ 04h 08m and $|$Dec$| <$ 1.27 degrees, approximating 290 square...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:02:37", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2162", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2162" }
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Continuous-time diffusion processes defined by stochastic differential equations [\citet{r25}, \citet{r29}, \citet{r31}] are the basic stochastic modeling tools in the modern financial theory and applications. Diffusion models are commonly employed to describe the price dynamics ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:49", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2004", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2004" }
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} We study a class of special solutions to the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation \beq \label{1.1} i \frac{ \p \Phi}{\p t} + \Delta \Phi + F( | \Phi |^2) \Phi = 0 \qquad \mbox{ in } \R^N, \eeq where $ \Phi$ is a complex-valued function on $\R^N$ satisfying the "boundary ...
{ "timestamp": "2013-09-05T02:09:02", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1912", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1912" }
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The BL Lac objects constitute a rare class of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). Their observational features include: weak or absent emission lines, high radio and optical polarization, superluminal motions, and a typical double-humped spectral energy distribution (SED, $\nu F_\nu$)...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:06", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1924", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1924" }
\section{Stirling's formula and binomial coefficients} For a nonnegative integer $m$, Stirling's formula \begin{align*} m! \sim \sqrt{2\pi m}\Bigl(\frac{m}{e}\Bigr)^m, \end{align*} where $e$ is Euler's number, yields an approximation of the central binomial coefficient $\binom{m}{m/2}$ (assuming that $m$ is even) usi...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:02:02", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2122", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2122" }
\section{Introduction} Disorder---an inevitable feature of nature---is known to induce striking slowing down phenomena in transport processes and in the relaxation of systems with many degrees of freedom \cite{havlin,bouchaud,im}. The source of complexity in such systems is twofold. First, the dynamics can be regar...
{ "timestamp": "2012-05-11T02:02:21", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1735", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1735" }
\section{Introduction} Supersymmetric models are considered as possible extensions of the Standard Model, see {\it e.g.} \cite{Signer:2009dx}, and supersymmetry is then assumed to be a symmetry of Nature at a sufficiently high energy scale. Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider may soon show whether this is the cas...
{ "timestamp": "2012-05-25T02:04:40", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1856", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1856" }
\section{Introduction} The invention of the laser lead to a giant leap in the field of classical and quantum optics. This light source offers unprecedented possibilities regarding features such as coherence, intensity, and brilliance etc. Unfortunately, however, it is not easy to transfer this successful concept be...
{ "timestamp": "2012-11-20T02:03:55", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2135", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2135" }
\section*{Introduction} Given an ascending sequence of positive integers $e_0,\ldots, e_n$ the curve in $\mathbb A^{n+1}$ parameterized by $t\to (t^{e_0}, t^{e_1}\ldots ,t^{e_n})$ is called an affine monomial curve since the parametrization is by monomials. The minimal number of equations defining monomial curve...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-20T01:05:23", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1991", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1991" }
\section{Introduction} The aim of this paper is to extend in a slightly more general and unified set up two important steps of the proof of the asymptotic stability of solitary waves for the Nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation \cite{Cu2,Cu1,bambusi} and the particular case of Nonlinear Dirac system treated in...
{ "timestamp": "2012-06-07T02:02:07", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2120", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2120" }
\section{Introduction} ALICE is a dedicated experiment built to exploit the unique physics potential of heavy-ion interactions at LHC energies \cite{Aamodt:2008zz}. Properties of strongly interacting matter at extreme energy density are explored via a comprehensive studies of hadron, muon, electron and photon producti...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:37", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1984", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1984" }
\section{Introduction} In classical general relativity (GR), in contrast to mathematical differential geometry, it is kind of a dogma that the points of the space-time manifold (S-T) have no real physical individuality. This was already realized in the context of the socalled \tit{Einstein-Hole-Argument} (see for exam...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:22", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1702", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1702" }
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} This paper is a follow-up of the study initiated in \cite{DPTVjsp}, \cite{DPTVpro}, where current reservoirs in the context of stochastic interacting particle systems have been proposed as a method to investigate stationary non-equilibrium states with steady currents produced by a...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:55", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1795", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1795" }
\section{Introduction} Primes in arithmetic progression (denoted by AP-$k$, $k \ge 3$) refers to $k$ prime numbers that are consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression. For example, 5, 11, 17, 23, 29 is an AP-5, a five-term arithmetic progression of primes with the common difference 6. In this example of ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:36", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2083", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2083" }
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Analogous to classical principal components analysis (PCA), the projection-pursuit approach to robust PCA is based on finding projections of the data which have maximal dispersion. Instead of using the variance as a measure of dispersion, a robust scale estimator $s_{n}$ is us...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:05", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2027", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2027" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In telecommunication, radar and other fields of electronic engineering, it is usually of great concern about multiband signals, which consist of several narrowband signals modulated by different carrier frequencies. To acquire such a signal, a common practical method \cite{ref1...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:33", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1711", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1711" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Quantum metrology is a research field that examines the characteristic fundamental properties of measurements under the laws of quantum mechanics \cite{NOON05,NOON01}. The ultimate goal of this is to achieve measurements at the information theoretical bounds allowed by the laws of...
{ "timestamp": "2012-05-14T02:03:08", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2099", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2099" }
\section{Introduction} Observations of the soft gamma-ray repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars showed that these objects can be associated with the strongly magnetized neutron stars (NSs) with the magnetic field exceeding the Schwinger critical value of $B_{\rm cr} = m_{\rm e}^2 c^3/e\hbar = 4.412\times 10^{13}$ G ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:21", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2055", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2055" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over a number field $k$ and $\Br(X)$ its Brauer group. The quotient $\Br(X)/\Br(k)$ plays an important role in the study of arithmetic properties of $X$. Its effective computation is possible in certain cases, for example: when $X$ i...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:36", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2214", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2214" }
\section{Introduction} In the rapidly developing field of scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory it sometimes happens that a new result obtained at enormous cost in time and effort can surprisingly soon thereafter be rederived by a different method, or at least understood in terms of...
{ "timestamp": "2012-04-16T02:00:35", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1915", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1915" }
\section{Introduction} The question of the microscopic origin of well established Fourier's law of heat conduction has remained unsolved for many decades \cite{giulio,ford,bonetto,lepri,david,dhar08}. The main issue is to find the necessary and sufficient conditions for normal transport. Therefore, it is important to u...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-19T01:01:16", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2139", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2139" }
\section{Introduction} It is well known that if $f$ is a convex function on the interval $I=\left[ a,b\right] $ with $a<b$, then \begin{equation*} f\left( \frac{a+b}{2}\right) \leq \frac{1}{b-a}\int\limits_{a}^{b}f\left( x\right) dx\leq \frac{f\left( a\right) +f\left( b\right) }{2}, \end{equation* which is kn...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:29", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2278", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2278" }
\section{Introduction} The r$\hat{\mathrm{o}}$le of the $\Lambda$ hyperon in stabilizing nuclear cores was pointed out long ago by Dalitz and Levi Setti \cite{dalitz_setti} as part of a discussion focusing on light hypernuclei with large neutron excess. This property is demonstrated by the observation of $^{6}_{\L...
{ "timestamp": "2012-05-16T02:03:02", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1954", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1954" }
\section{Auditing Scheme} \label{sec:audit-auditing} \subsection{Definitions and Auditing Framework} \label{audit-subsec:frame_work} We follow the literature of integrity checking of remote data \cite{Ateniese2007, Juels2007, Shacham2008, Bowers2009, CWang2010} and adapt the proposed framework to our privacy-preser...
{ "timestamp": "2014-05-14T02:02:30", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1730", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1730" }
\section{Introduction} Non-perturbative effects play a very important r\^ole in the study of low-energy implications of string theory. In the past few years a very good understanding of these effects has been achieved despite the absence of a fully non-perturbative formulation of the theory. Much progress has been mad...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-20T01:05:42", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1750", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1750" }
\section{Zero coupon bond prices and yield curves} \label{section introduction} Insurance cash flows are valued using the risk-free yield curve. First, today's yield curve needs to be estimated from government bonds, swap rates and corporate bonds and, second, future yield curves then need to be predicted. This pre...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:59", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2017", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2017" }
\section{Introduction} States living on the boundary of Fractional Quantum Hall (FQH) systems represent one of the more intriguing examples of one-dimensional interacting electron gas.\cite{DasSarma} The general theory describing these edge states involves the idea of Chiral Luttinger Liquid ($\chi$LL).\cite{Wen95, W...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:45", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1906", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1906" }
\section{Introduction} We take the one-dimensional moving singular sources equation \begin{align} \label{eq:heat_eq} & u_t - u_{xx} = \sum_{i=0}^{q-1}F_i(t,x,u) \delta(x-\alpha_i(t)), \quad -\infty < x < \infty,~ t>0, \\ \label{eq:init_cond} & u(x,0) = u_0(x), \quad -\infty <x<\infty,\\ \label{eq:bound...
{ "timestamp": "2012-12-27T02:04:28", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1826", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1826" }
\section{Overview} \label{sec:overview} The topic of these lectures is the use of renormalization group (RG) methods in low-energy nuclear systems, which include the full range of atomic nuclei as well as astrophysical systems such as neutron stars. We will examine why the RG has become an increasingly useful t...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:43", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1779", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1779" }
\section{Introduction} There are a variety of theoretical schemes predicting violations of Lorentz symmetry. Attempts to quantize gravity have resulted in theories that allow for it \cite{Ame05}. Certain string theories envisage the possibility of a spontaneous breaking of it \cite{koste89}. The possibility of detec...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:46", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1859", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1859" }
\section{Introduction} Note that if $M$ is a rank-$(r-c+1)$ flat of $PG(r-1,q)$, then $|M| = \frac{q^{r-c+1}-1}{q-1}$ and each rank-$m$ flat of $PG(r-1,q)$ intersects $M$ in a flat of rank at least $m-c+1$. Our main result is the following: \begin{theorem}[Main Theorem]\label{main} For each prime-power $q$, all integ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:48", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1911", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1911" }
\section{Analytical expression for a scattering force exerted on atoms by delta-function pulse train} \subsection{Delta-function-like pulse model} \label{Sec:Propagators} As in our previous work \cite{IliDer12} we parametrize the electric field of the pulse train at a fixed spatial coordinate as \begin{equation} \mat...
{ "timestamp": "2012-10-02T02:01:49", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1963", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1963" }
\section{Introduction} \section{\hspace*{-6mm}{\bf .\hspace{2mm}Introduction}} Consider the class of dissipative phenomena described by the following model: \begin{equation} \label {11} {\cal L} _\varepsilon u_\varepsilon \equiv (\varepsilon\partial_{xxt} + c^2 \partial_{xx} - \partial_{tt...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:21", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2198", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2198" }
\section{Introduction} It is well known that if $f$ is a convex function on the interval $I=\left[ a,b\right] $ and $a,b\in I$ with $a<b$, the \begin{equation} f\left( \frac{a+b}{2}\right) \leq \frac{1}{b-a}\int\limits_{a}^{b}f\left( x\right) dx\leq \frac{f\left( a\right) +f\left( b\right) }{2}. \label{H} \end{...
{ "timestamp": "2013-04-03T02:01:46", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2282", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2282" }
\section{Introduction} Clustering of inertial particles in turbulent flows is relevant for meteorology and engineering, as well as fundamental research. It is believed to play a crucial role in rain-drop formation \cite{falkovich_nature02}, as well as in the aggregation of proto-planetesimals in Keplerian accretion d...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:03:34", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1838", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1838" }
\section{Introduction} {\em Graphs} in this paper are allowed to have loops and multiple edges. A graph is a {\em minor} of another if the first can be obtained from a subgraph of the second by contracting edges. An {\em $H$ minor} is a minor isomorphic to $H$. A graph $G$ is {\em apex} if it has a vertex $v$ such th...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:17", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2192", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2192" }
\section{Introduction} The process of electron-positron ($e^+e^-$) pair production by a photon in a strong atomic field has been investigated since many years (see the reviews \cite{HGO1980,Hubbell2000}). The cross section of this process in the leading order in $Z\alpha$ (Born approximation), is known for arbitrary en...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:02:09", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2137", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2137" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Analog network coding (ANC) extends to multihop wireless networks the idea of linear network coding \cite{103liYeungCai}, where an intermediate node sends out a linear combination of its incoming packets. In a wireless network, signals transmitted simultaneously by multiple so...
{ "timestamp": "2012-04-24T02:05:52", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2297", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2297" }
\section{\label{thsec1}Introduction} Quantum coherent oscillations in a quantum two-level system (qubit) stand for the most basic dynamic manifestation of quantum coherence between the qubit states. Motivated by potential applications to quantum computation \cite{Bra92,All11072138}, as well as general i...
{ "timestamp": "2013-08-20T02:02:35", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2233", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2233" }
\section{Introduction} The inequality of Ostrowski \cite{Ostrowski} gives us an estimate for the deviation of the values of a smooth function from its mean value. More precisely, if $f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a differentiable function with bounded derivative, the \begin{equation*} \left\vert f(x)-\frac{1...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:01:30", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2280", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2280" }
\section{Introduction} Millisecond oscillations in the X-ray brightness of low mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) have been observed for a large and growing number of sources since the launch of the {\it Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer} ({\it RXTE}) in late 1995. A review of those sources which exhibit nearly coherent oscilla...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:39", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1988", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1988" }
\section{\label{sec.I} Introduction} The idea of considering a hole or leak in an otherwise closed billiard is very appealing. This was the physical picture used by Pianigiani and Yorke in their influential work on conditionally invariant measures~\cite{PY:1979}. Nowadays it is an essential element in the theoretical ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:02:52", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1791", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1791" }
\section{background} The room-temperature resistivity of a metal (as well as most metallic electronic materials, e.g., doped semiconductors) is mainly limited by the electron-phonon interaction \cite{ziman} i.e., by phonon scattering, with a notable exception being doped graphene with its very weak electron-phonon cou...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:08", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1929", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1929" }
\section{Introduction} The classical Julia-Wolff-Carath\'eodory theorem (see, {\sl e.g.} \cite{Ab-T, Co-Ma, RS, Shb}) is the most powerful tool for studying properties of bounded holomorphic functions of the unit disc $\mathbb D$ of $\mathbb C$ at a given boundary point. This theorem has been generalized to the unit ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-09-25T02:02:36", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1839", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1839" }
\section{ Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \hspace{5.1 mm} A great deal of models of applied sciences are described by the parabolic equation: \vspace{3mm} \begin {equation} \label{11} {\cal{L}}_\varepsilon u = \varepsilon u_{xxt} + c^2 u_{xx} - u_{tt} - 2 a u_t = -f. \end{eq...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:18", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2193", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2193" }
\section{Introduction} Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) is an imager and spectrograph for the optical wavelength range, located in the Nasmyth-B focus of the 10.4-m {\it Gran Telescopio Canarias} (GTC) \citep{Cepa05, Cepa10}. Apart from the standard broad-band imaging and ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-06-27T02:01:33", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1842", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1842" }
\section*{Materials and Methods} \subsection{Potential drop} Consider a small region of the channel around position $y$. The line density around this point at equilibrium is $n_l(y)$ and the line density in the presence of current is $n_l(y)+\tilde{n_l}(y)$. Since there is no interparticle scattering at the length ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-04-11T02:01:34", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1927", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1927" }
\section{INTRODUCTION} The Durbin-Watson statistic was originally introduced by the eponymous econometricians Durbin and Watson \cite{DurbinWatson50}, \cite{DurbinWatson51}, \cite{DurbinWatson71} in the middle of last century, in order to detect the presence of a significant first-order autocorrelation in the resi...
{ "timestamp": "2013-01-03T02:02:38", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1871", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1871" }
\section{Introduction} Most galactic nuclei are thought to host massive black holes and dense clusters of stars whose structure and kinematics are correlated with global galaxy properties \citep{geb96, fm00,geb00}. Such correlations raise questions of great interest related to galaxy formation and the growth of nuclea...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-13T01:00:58", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2239", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2239" }
\chapter*{Introduction} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Introduction} \thispagestyle{plain} \indent Paley graphs are named after Raymond Paley (7 January 1907 -- 7 April 1933). He was born in Bournemouth, England. He won a Smith's Prize in 1930 and was elected a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he show...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:03:12", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1818", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1818" }
\section{Supplementary Material} A detailed account of the extended Brandt-Pesch-Tewordt (BPT) quasiclassical approximation in the vortex phase has been given in a series of papers \cite{AHoughton1998,Anton,AntonI,AntonII,Anton2010}. In this supplementary material we summarize the salient ingredients of this approxima...
{ "timestamp": "2012-10-04T02:06:48", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2211", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2211" }
\section{Introduction} The standard classification scheme for the explosions of massive stars consists of two different branches: stars retaining their hydrogen envelope at the time of the explosion produce Type II supernovae (SNe~II), whilst those losing it before the explosion produce Type Ib or Ic SNe, depending on ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:14", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1933", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1933" }
\section{Introduction} Spontaneous synchronization appears in a large variety of systems in nature. Well-known examples include biological systems such as fireflies flashing in unison or crickets chirping together \cite{Sismondo1990}, rhythmic applause \cite{Neda2000,Neda2000a}, pacemaker cells in the heart \cite{Pes...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:01:21", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1699", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1699" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Five--dimensional Yang--Mills theories compactified on a circle have a light scalar mode, whose mass renormalization in perturbation theory is protected by the remnant of the higher--dimensional gauge symmetry. This light scalar is the static Kaluza--Klein mode coming from the c...
{ "timestamp": "2012-07-04T02:03:47", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2116", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2116" }
\section{Introduction} Superheavy nuclei of $Z \ge 104$ were synthesized either in ``cold'' fusion reactions on closed-shell $^{208}$Pb and $^{209}$Bi target nuclei bombarded by projectiles ranging from Ti to Zn or in "hot" fusion reactions, in which the heaviest available actinide targets were bombarded with th...
{ "timestamp": "2012-07-27T02:00:36", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2252", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2252" }
\section{Analysis} \label{section:analysis} \subsection{The NFW halo} \label{section_nfw_stable} The DM halo is constructed using a Monte Carlo sampling technique. First, for each particle, the three position coordinates in spherical coordinates ($r,\ \theta,\ \phi$) are generated. $r$ is drawn from the density pr...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-09T02:04:08", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1863", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1863" }
\section{Introduction} One of the most important problems in theoretical physics is the quantization of gravity. There are several approaches in this direction, such as string theories and loop quantum gravity. Although we are still far from a complete theory of quantum gravity, some common notions are obtained....
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:00:41", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1992", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1992" }
\section{Introduction} Debris disks represent an important aspect of the evolution of extra-solar planetary systems. By studying the formation and evolution of debris disks, we can learn a great deal about the formation and evolution of our solar system (Wyatt 2008, Zuckerman 2001). Debris disks consist of small grains...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-30T02:03:52", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1966", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1966" }
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Type I X-ray bursts are thermonuclear explosions triggered by unstable burning in the oceans of accreting neutron stars. The ocean is the low density fluid layer of light elements that builds up via accretion on top of the solid crust (see \citealt{Chamel08} for a discussion ...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:28", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2065", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2065" }
\section*{\S0 Introduction}\ Let $(X,\B,m)$ be a standard, continuous, probability space (that is, $(X,\B)$ is a Polish space equipped with its Borel sets and a non-atomic $m\in\mathcal P(X)$ (the collection of probability measures on $(X,\B)$). \ We'll denote by ${\tt MPT}={\tt MPT}(X,\B,m)$ the collection of i...
{ "timestamp": "2012-05-28T02:01:01", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2257", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2257" }
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} Since the pioneering effort by Eagles,\cite{Eagles} many researchers have extensively and repeatedly addressed the transition of superconducting (SC) properties from a BCS type to a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) type as the strength of attractive potential between fermi...
{ "timestamp": "2012-04-25T02:03:25", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1719", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1719" }
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Ground- and space-based transit surveys are discovering a growing number of exoplanets in the super-Earth range, defined alternately as between 1 and 10 Earth masses or between 1 and 2 Earth radii. The largest such survey, being conducted by the {\it Kepler} spacecraft, has alread...
{ "timestamp": "2012-08-31T02:00:24", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1921", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1921" }
\section{Introduction} Harmonically confined few-particle quantum systems and especially their time-dependent properties are an important subject of experimental and theoretical research activities. For example, correlated electrons in metal clusters \cite{baletto} or quantum dots \cite{filinov1, filinov2, reimann} an...
{ "timestamp": "2012-03-12T01:01:01", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.2019", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.2019" }
\section{Introduction} The recently proposed \emph{compressive binary search} (CBS) algorithm \cite{2012arXiv1202.0937D} aims to determine the location of a single non-zero entry in a vector $\bm{x} \in \mathbb{R}^n$ using $m$ adaptive linear projections of the form \begin{eqnarray} \nonumber y_i = \left\langle \bm{a}...
{ "timestamp": "2012-05-09T02:04:23", "yymm": "1203", "arxiv_id": "1203.1804", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1804" }