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What was the control system used for? | After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system includin... | calculated the aim point for the guns | advqa_1100 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did the guns move quickly? | After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system includin... | hydraulics | advqa_1101 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does the first A in "AAAD" stand for? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | All | advqa_1102 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does the "P" in "MANPADS" stand for? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | Portable | advqa_1103 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is a AAW? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites | advqa_1104 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does the P in "MANPADS" stand for? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | Portable | advqa_1105 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does the third "S" in "MANPADS" refer to? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | Systems | advqa_1106 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where are MANPADS launched from? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | shoulder | advqa_1107 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does the "W" in SAGW" refer to? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | Weapon | advqa_1108 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does the second A in "AAAD" stand for? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | Arms | advqa_1109 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the abbreviation for surface to air missile? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | SAM | advqa_1110 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What group of people is not associated with Islam, Jews or Muslims? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | Jews | advqa_1111 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of the following is not a religious group: Christians, offices, or Zoroastrians? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | offices | advqa_1112 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who were allowed to have their own courts and were given freedom of religion? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers | advqa_1113 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of the following is not a right granted to non-Muslim groups: their own courts, the highest public offices, or freedom of religion? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | the highest public offices | advqa_1114 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of the following were not a Non-Muslim group in the Umayyad Caliphate: Jews, Zoroastrians, or Muslims? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | Muslims | advqa_1115 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which group of non-Muslims was most prone to converting? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | intellectuals | advqa_1116 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What group are the Berbers a part of? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | Non-Muslim | advqa_1117 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which group of people could hold the highest public offices in the empire? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | Muslims | advqa_1118 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What groups eventually started converting to Islam? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | Christians and Jews | advqa_1119 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What group of people is not associated with Islam, Christians or Muslims? | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | Christians | advqa_1120 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which event happened in the second half of the year in 750, Marwan was killed in Egypt or Damascus fell to the Abbasids? | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Marwan was killed in Egypt | advqa_1121 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which event happened first, Abu Muslim took over authority of the Hashimiyya or he started an open revolt against Umayyad rule? | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | assumed leadership | advqa_1122 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What event happened four years before the Battle of the Zab in 750? | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya | advqa_1123 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was the last name of the person who started the uprising towards the Umayyad rule? | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Muslim | advqa_1124 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which event took place before the other, Damascus was taken control of by the Abbasids or Marwan died in Egypt? | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Damascus fell to the Abbasids | advqa_1125 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Nasr ibn Sayyar lost to? | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Abu Muslim | advqa_1126 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was the name of the person who overthrew the Umayyad governor? | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Abu Muslim | advqa_1127 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which event happened two years after Abu Muslim started the open revolt against Umayyad rule? | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya | advqa_1128 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did Muawiyah attack the Byzantine Roman Empire? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | several assaults were launched against Constantinople | advqa_1129 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did Muawiyah want to achieve? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike | advqa_1130 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did Muawiyah oversee military expansion in Asia? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | the conquest of Kabul, Bukhara, and Samarkand | advqa_1131 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was the relationship of the father of John of Damascus to Muawiyah? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | advisers | advqa_1132 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which two groups did Muawiyah want to coexist? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Christians and Arabs | advqa_1133 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of the following places did Muawiyah NOT occupy: Crete, Syria, or Rhodes? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Syria | advqa_1134 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who, between Sarjun and John of Damascus, was Muawiyah's close adviser? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Sarjun | advqa_1135 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did Muawiyah get from the Byzantine Roman Empire? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Rhodes and Crete | advqa_1136 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did Muawiyah exert control over Central Asia? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | military expansion | advqa_1137 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of following is not in Central Asia: Crete, Kabul, or Samarkand? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Crete | advqa_1138 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who, between John of Damascus and Muawiyah, was Sarjun's son? | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | John of Damascus | advqa_1139 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did the Umayyads define themselves from a religious perspective? | The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Alla... | "regarded themselves as God's representatives at the head of the community and saw no need to share their religious power with, or delegate it to, the emergent class of religious scholars | advqa_1140 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
who are the historians for the umayyads | The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Alla... | religious scholars | advqa_1141 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
the umayyads leaders consider themselves to be what | The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Alla... | khalifat Allah | advqa_1142 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did the Umayyads think of themselves from a religious perspective? | The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Alla... | khalifat Allah ("deputy of God") | advqa_1143 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
who is the community leaders | The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Alla... | Umayyads | advqa_1144 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What gives it away that the Umayyads thought they were God's representatives? | The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Alla... | the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Allah ("successor of the messenger of God", the title preferred by the tradition), but rather as khalifat Allah ("deputy of God") | advqa_1145 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
A kingship is looked upon badly by? | The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Alla... | Islamic historians | advqa_1146 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
islamic leaders is what | The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Alla... | caliphs | advqa_1147 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who was Ali? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | caliph | advqa_1148 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
First Fitna started when? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Ali moved his capital | advqa_1149 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What happened after Ali was elected caliph? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | First Fitna | advqa_1150 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did Marwan I manipulation cause? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Battle of the Camel | advqa_1151 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
When did Ali become caliph (not just the year)? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | After the assassination of Uthman in 656 | advqa_1152 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Muhammad is related to? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Ali | advqa_1153 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Everyone fought over how Marwan I created conflicts and ended up fighting each other when? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | 656 | advqa_1154 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How many factions were in the conflict named after an animal in the article? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | two sides | advqa_1155 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who was trying to manipulate and get the culprits arrested? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Aisha, the wife of Muhammad, and Talhah and Al-Zubayr | advqa_1156 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Ali learned about the conspirators behind Uthman's assassination in? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Basra | advqa_1157 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did Ali become the caliph? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | elected | advqa_1158 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Ali is related to? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Muhammad | advqa_1159 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was the reason for the created conflict? | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | manipulated everyone to fight | advqa_1160 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who was in charge of the Muslim armies? | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Muhammad | advqa_1161 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which culture penetrated into Jerusalem and Syria after the Battle of Yarmouk? | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Islam | advqa_1162 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who was the first Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate? | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Muawiyah | advqa_1163 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who facilitated Muslim expansion? | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah | advqa_1164 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who contributed to Muslim expansion? | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah | advqa_1165 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who were the conquerors of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius? | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah | advqa_1166 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who helped drive the growth of Muslim influence? | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah | advqa_1167 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what region is mentioned first? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | India | advqa_1168 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Scholars that studies and understand Hindu philosophy and religion are called? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | Pandits | advqa_1169 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what time period is mentioned second? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | 1991 | advqa_1170 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is one group that learns Sanskrit in Karnataka? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | local Muslims | advqa_1171 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is one way Sanskrit is being preserved by an organization in Hyderabad? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | preserving and passing along the oral tradition of the Vedas | advqa_1172 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
In what country are there native Sanskrit speakers? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | India | advqa_1173 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where can digitized versions of Vedas be found? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | www.shrivedabharathi.in | advqa_1174 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what way of communicating is mentioned first? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | Sanskrit | advqa_1175 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what group is mentioned last? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | Vedic Pandits | advqa_1176 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Vedic sanskrit scriptures or texts are referred to as what? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | Vedas | advqa_1177 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the first group mentioned? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | Samskrita Bharati | advqa_1178 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
An early form of Sanskrit is? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | Vedic | advqa_1179 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The capital of Telangana is in what country? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | India | advqa_1180 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Pandits are able to read and understand which general Hindu language? | Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in... | Sanskrit | advqa_1181 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why was there so much negativity towards Sanskrit? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | "British Indophobia", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism | advqa_1182 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was the view of superioroty of the Indian race seen as in the 18th century? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | English "common-sense view | advqa_1183 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Trautmann considered scientific racism and what else reasons for white Britain was hostile towards Sanskrit? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | British Indophobia | advqa_1184 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did Trautmann theorize? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | two separate and logically opposite sources for the growing hostility | advqa_1185 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What cause indian language to be abandoned in schools | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture | advqa_1186 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the opposite of Indomania? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | Indophobia | advqa_1187 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why was Britain hostile towards Sanskrit? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | "British Indophobia", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism | advqa_1188 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What education changes happened as a result of british assimilation? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | neglect of Sanskrit in British academia | advqa_1189 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is Trautmann's first name? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | Thomas | advqa_1190 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What country did Indomania celebrate? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | India | advqa_1191 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did followers of British Indophobia and the English common sense view share in common? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | sources for the growing hostility | advqa_1192 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why was sanskrit no longer taught in schools? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | the idea that India should be culturally, religiously and linguistically assimilated | advqa_1193 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How do the British spell civilization? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | civilisation | advqa_1194 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What were Trautmann two theories of why Britain was hostile to Sanskrit? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | one was "British Indophobia", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism | advqa_1195 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where did the backlash to Indomania start? | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | Britain | advqa_1196 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What happened to Buddhists texts in Sino-Tibetan languages? | Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese wor... | transliterated directly and added to the Chinese | advqa_1197 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the body of Chinese words called? | Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese wor... | vocabulary | advqa_1198 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
If you were looking up the word chana in the middle of India, what would you say? | Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese wor... | ण kṣaṇa | advqa_1199 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
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