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Which month tends to have more rain, March or September?
Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only mon...
March
advqa_17800
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which month tends to have more rain, March or May?
Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only mon...
March
advqa_17801
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Where is the largest rainfall occurring?
Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only mon...
higher elevations of San Diego
advqa_17802
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What month is usually the wettest of the year?
Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only mon...
February
advqa_17803
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which month tends to have more rain, December or May?
Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only mon...
December
advqa_17804
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which month tends to have less rain, May or February?
Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only mon...
May
advqa_17805
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the rainfall in the higher elevations?
Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only mon...
usually greater
advqa_17806
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the Great Vowel Shift of English?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
the diphthongisation of long high vowels
advqa_17807
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What other languages had this shift?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
German and English
advqa_17808
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How is the alerting perceived?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
inevitable development
advqa_17809
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What letters are being discussed here?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
vowels
advqa_17810
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What range is considered fairly normal?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
open-mid to open diphthongs
advqa_17811
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What happens in this shift?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
lowering of open-mid to open diphthongs
advqa_17812
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What broadly describes the main idea of this passage?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
diphthongs
advqa_17813
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which diphthongs changed first?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
long high vowels
advqa_17814
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What are similar?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
diphthongisation
advqa_17815
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Why is this viewed as inevitable?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
Dutch, after having diphthongised the long high vowels like German and English, "should" have lowered the diphthongs like German and English as well
advqa_17816
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What dialect did this earlier?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
Polder
advqa_17817
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How does this play out in history?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
is comparable to the English Great Vowel Shift
advqa_17818
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What close language also had something similar happen?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
Polder Dutch
advqa_17819
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How is it viewed?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
a phonetically "natural" and inevitable development
advqa_17820
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does a diphthong begin with?
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
vowel
advqa_17821
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Why do native listeners easily understand how native English speakers pronounce Dutch names written as ei ?
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
in a number of dialects (e.g. in Amsterdam) the same pronunciation is heard
advqa_17822
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How is the way Dutch evolved over time described?
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
Unique
advqa_17823
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is salt in German?
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
Salz
advqa_17824
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does bout mean
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
bold
advqa_17825
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does goud mean
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
gold
advqa_17826
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How is the diphthong pronounced
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
/ɑu/
advqa_17827
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is Dutch goud?
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
diphthong
advqa_17828
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does the low german gold word bolt correspond to in dutch?
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
bout
advqa_17829
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does the vowel y sound like?
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
/aɪ/
advqa_17830
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does zout mean
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
salt
advqa_17831
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What are the unique phonemes in Dutch?
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt...
Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt, bold
advqa_17832
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How does Dutch express compound nouns?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
uses the closed form without spaces (boomhuis = tree house) or inserts a hyphen
advqa_17833
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What language does the article discuss?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
Dutch
advqa_17834
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the difference in spacing between dutch and english?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
separating spaces
advqa_17835
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What type of compound is not used in Dutch?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
open form with separating spaces
advqa_17836
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Are Dutch compound forms less similar to English or German forms?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
English
advqa_17837
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
In Dutch compound nouns, which noun gives the category?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
second
advqa_17838
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How does English express compound nounds?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces
advqa_17839
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is Dutch similar to in the use of nouns?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
German
advqa_17840
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How is Dutch similar to other Germanic languages?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
Dutch forms noun compounds
advqa_17841
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the Dutch language comparable to in terms of spaces?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
German
advqa_17842
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is an example of a Dutch closed form compound noun?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either u...
boomhuis = tree house
advqa_17843
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What kind of language was Saxon?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
east
advqa_17844
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Before Middle and Modern Dutch, what was spoken?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
Old
advqa_17845
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Can you name the dialects spoken in the low countries?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south
advqa_17846
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What phases did the language in the centre and south have?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch and later Modern Dutch
advqa_17847
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How did Dutch evolve?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch and later Modern Dutch
advqa_17848
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What did the language spoken in the centre of of the Low German area become?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
Middle Dutch and later Modern Dutch
advqa_17849
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which of the following is NOT one the three orginal Germanic dislects spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian, Franconian, or Modern Dutch?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
Modern Dutch
advqa_17850
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which of the following is NOT the precursor of Dutch, Franconion or Frisian?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
Frisian
advqa_17851
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which of the following is less similar to Modern Dutch, Old or Middle Dutch?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
Old
advqa_17852
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How are the developments scored?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
conventional
advqa_17853
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Who can illustrate the development of the language?
Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch an...
linguists
advqa_17854
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which of the following is not in Guyana: Berbice, Essequibo, or Negerhollands?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
Negerhollands
advqa_17855
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is Negerhollands?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
Dutch-based creole languages
advqa_17856
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
When was Jersey Dutch spoken?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
as late as 1921
advqa_17857
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Pennsylvania Dutch is not a?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
Dutch-based creole languages
advqa_17858
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is Skepi?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
Dutch-based creole languages
advqa_17859
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Berbice is a type of?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
Dutch-based creole languages
advqa_17860
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
An almost extinct dialect of Dutch died out in?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
1921
advqa_17861
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
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{}
What is Berbice?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
Dutch-based creole languages
advqa_17862
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which of the following is not a dialect of Dutch: Pennsylvania, Jersey or Passaic?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
Passaic
advqa_17863
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which name is more accurate: Pennsylvania Dutch or Pennsylvania German?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S...
German
advqa_17864
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Old Dutch was not influenced by what?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
advqa_17865
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
When did Old Dutch experience final-obstruent devoicing?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
Old Frankish period
advqa_17866
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What language was influenced by the German consonant shift?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
Central and high Franconian
advqa_17867
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What was not influenced by the German consonant shift?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
Low
advqa_17868
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Where is Bergakker?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
Dutch
advqa_17869
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What elements denotes Old High German?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
High German consonant shift
advqa_17870
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What language did Old Dutch resemble?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
Frankish
advqa_17871
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Why isn't Old Dutch the Original language of the Franks?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
experienced developments on its own
advqa_17872
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What evolved in Old High German?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
high Franconian
advqa_17873
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which language is affected by the High German consonant shift?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
Central and high Franconian in Germany
advqa_17874
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
The Old English was developed at the same time as what other language?
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l...
Old High German
advqa_17875
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
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{}
What is the Low German word for soft?
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ...
sacht
advqa_17876
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the Dutchen word for oxen?
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ...
vossen
advqa_17877
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
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{}
What is the German word for foxes?
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ...
Füchse
advqa_17878
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
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{}
What is exclusively shared?
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ...
/xs/ > /ss/
advqa_17879
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What word is the same in both Dutch and Low German?
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ...
ossen
advqa_17880
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which English word is the same in both German and Low German?
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ...
kraft
advqa_17881
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
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{}
What is shared?
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ...
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives
advqa_17882
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the German word for soft?
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ...
sanft
advqa_17883
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
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{}
Who has a common development?
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ...
Dutch
advqa_17884
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What are some changes rewarding Dutch phonology?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
new loanwords have reintroduced phonemic oppositions of length
advqa_17885
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What study is this a part of?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
phonology
advqa_17886
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What are new words now based on?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
opposition of tenseness
advqa_17887
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is a characteristic of tense vowels?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
phonetically longer than their short counterparts
advqa_17888
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
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{}
Why would a vowel whether is was short tense or not, why can't you say it can be use in particular alone to find alterations in quality?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality
advqa_17889
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
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{}
Why is vowel stretch not a leading factor rewarding phonology in the Dutch culture?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness
advqa_17890
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
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{}
What is a difference in this across lanaguages?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
in some there may be little difference at all, with length remaining the primary distinguishing feature
advqa_17891
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expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
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{}
How does changing vowel length effect words?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness
advqa_17892
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
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{}
What can vary among different Dutch speakers?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
changes in vowel quality
advqa_17893
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
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{}
How does this change how the vowels are viewed?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
However, even if not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as phonetically longer than their short counterparts
advqa_17894
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
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{}
What could you say is boring because it occurs over and over?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
One feature or the other may be considered redundant
advqa_17895
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What consideration are taken concerning long vowels?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
phonetically longer than their short counterparts
advqa_17896
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
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{}
What has happened in modern times?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
new loanwords have reintroduced phonemic oppositions of length
advqa_17897
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What and how do some like to view things?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness
advqa_17898
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the subject of this article?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon...
Dutch phonology
advqa_17899
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}