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what types of roles are mentioned first? | All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly ex... | rulers | advqa_18400 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what ethnicity is mentioned first? | All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly ex... | European | advqa_18401 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What would come of this venture as a whole? | All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly ex... | utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge | advqa_18402 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was the proposed layman gain? | All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly ex... | scholarly expertise | advqa_18403 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why specifically were universities created, besides knowledge? | All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly ex... | the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions | advqa_18404 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what area is mentioned first? | All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly ex... | Europe | advqa_18405 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what type of places are mentioned last? | All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly ex... | universities | advqa_18406 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What were the rulers belief? | All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly ex... | potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends | advqa_18407 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
where can we find Palace of Westminister? | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | United Kingdom | advqa_18408 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How does the UK symbolize their tradition for the assent? | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | elaborate ceremonies | advqa_18409 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what state starts with U in the passage? | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | United Kingdom | advqa_18410 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What country listed has French as one of its official languages | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | Canada | advqa_18411 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who might be most efficient in terms of issuing the royal assent? | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | Australia | advqa_18412 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Wha country listed follows the UKs royal assent protocol the most. | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | Canada | advqa_18413 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is been discussed? | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | Royal assent | advqa_18414 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What might be considered the most elaborate of the ceremonies? | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | sovereign may appear personally | advqa_18415 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what state starts with C in the passage? | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | Canada | advqa_18416 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What country besides the UK has ceremonies for royal assent | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usu... | Canada | advqa_18417 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The potential assent of what caused a petition to be presented to the Privy Council in 2011? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | law that sought to reduce the number of senators in the states of Jersey | advqa_18418 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What non-royal dignitary has a large amount of say in the granting of royal assent? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | Lord Chancellor | advqa_18419 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What change happened in the process of considering public input about royal assent? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | An Order in Council of 13 July 2011 established new rules for the consideration of petitions against granting royal assent | advqa_18420 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who would have refused assent in the council in 2011? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | Queen | advqa_18421 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who, other than the Lord Chancellor, can influence the queen's decision to give or decline a law's approval? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | the Privy Council | advqa_18422 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the queen's power over proposed law? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | royal assent | advqa_18423 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What happened after assent concerning the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark was refused ? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | revised version of the proposed reforms was subsequently given | advqa_18424 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where was assent determined in 2007? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | Sark | advqa_18425 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was to be revised had royal assent been given in 2007? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark | advqa_18426 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did the Queen's subordinate ensure that a proposed law would never be considered by the Queen? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | declined to present the law | advqa_18427 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
With whom does the Queen confer before giving or declining approval? | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | the Lord Chancellor | advqa_18428 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Official agreement or consent can also be referred to as? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | assent | advqa_18429 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The judge that presides in a Supreme Court is called? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | Chief Justice | advqa_18430 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The lower chamber of the bicameral Parliament of Canada is called? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | House of Commons | advqa_18431 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What must happen when there is assent? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | the parliament must be apprised of the granting of assent before the bill is considered to have become law | advqa_18432 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The lower chamber of Canada is called the House of Commons, it is under which kind of legislative goverment system? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | parliament | advqa_18433 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who are the backup options to give assent? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada | advqa_18434 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does the Governor General do? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | give assent | advqa_18435 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does the Senate and House need for a bill to become law? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | notified on the same day | advqa_18436 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the House of Commons and the Senate together called? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | the parliament | advqa_18437 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How should the House be notified? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | while it is not in session may be given by way of publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons | advqa_18438 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
A monarch is an example of what kind of ruler? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | sovereign | advqa_18439 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What must happen regarding both house of parliaments regarding assent? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | both houses must be notified on the same day | advqa_18440 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What can be done other than notification of bills? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | the sovereign's representatives may grant assent in the presence of both houses of parliament | advqa_18441 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the second method of assent mentioned? | If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature bei... | each house may be notified separately, usually by the speaker of that house | advqa_18442 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was the joint language called around the turn of the 19th century? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | Bosnian | advqa_18443 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The article describes the development of what language? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | Serbo-Croatian | advqa_18444 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
When did the creation of a joint language begin? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | mid-19th century | advqa_18445 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who did Gaj and Danicic mentor? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | Croatian writers and linguists | advqa_18446 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what occupation is mentioned second? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | folklorist | advqa_18447 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was Shtokavian? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | the most widespread dialect | advqa_18448 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who accompanied Serbian in the advocacy for the use of Shtokavian? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | most Croatian writers and linguists | advqa_18449 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what time period is mentioned last? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | 1907 | advqa_18450 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Serbo-Croation came about after what event? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | the death of administrator von Kállay in 1907 | advqa_18451 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The article describes the origins of what language? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | Serbo-Croatian | advqa_18452 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what time period is mentioned second to last? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | 1850 | advqa_18453 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what group was mentioned last? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | Croats | advqa_18454 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what place was mentioned last? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | Herzegovina | advqa_18455 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Serbian and Croation writers and linguists came together to create what? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | the Vienna Literary Agreement | advqa_18456 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why was there a language that contained a mix of Serbian and Croation language? | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | In 1850 Serbian and Croatian writers and linguists signed the Vienna Literary Agreement, declaring their intention to create a unified standard | advqa_18457 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Of the 18th century and the 20th century, which one had migration caused by war? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | 20th century | advqa_18458 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What century began on the year 1701? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | 18th | advqa_18459 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
An instrument or machine that is used for accurate weighing of objects is called? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | scale | advqa_18460 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The year 1508 occured in what century? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | 16th | advqa_18461 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of the following came first: urbanization or the spread of the Ottoman Empire? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | Ottoman Empire | advqa_18462 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
12 countries lying on the southeastern edge of the European continent such as Croatia are all together called? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | Balkans | advqa_18463 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1808, but ended in what century? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | 20th | advqa_18464 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
If two places are closer geographically what will there be more of in terms of dialect? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | similarities | advqa_18465 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What part of language can change from place to place? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | dialect | advqa_18466 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What happened to the dialect continuum due to the Ottoman Empire? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | broke | advqa_18467 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
If two places are further apart, what will there be more of in terms of dialect? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | differences | advqa_18468 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which came later, the 16th or 20th century? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | 20th | advqa_18469 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of the following did not occur in the 20th century: urbanization, the spread of the Ottoman Empire, or wars? | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | spread of Ottoman Empire | advqa_18470 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what way of speaking is mentioned last? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Old Croatian | advqa_18471 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what way of speaking is mentioned last? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Old Croatian | advqa_18472 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what place is mentioned second? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Dubrovnik | advqa_18473 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what way of speaking is mentioned second to last? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | modern-day Croatian | advqa_18474 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is Croatian an example of? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | language | advqa_18475 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what way of speaking is mentioned third to last? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Serbo-Croatian | advqa_18476 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what ethnicity is mentioned first? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Italian | advqa_18477 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what area is mentioned second? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Dubrovnik | advqa_18478 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what way of speaking is mentioned second? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Slavic | advqa_18479 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Besides Slavs, what nationality lived in Dalmatia? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Italian | advqa_18480 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What language was considered similar to Croatian? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Serbian | advqa_18481 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which Croatian was the original? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Old | advqa_18482 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What type of region was Dalmatia? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | city-states | advqa_18483 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what group of people are mentioned first? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | writers | advqa_18484 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what ethnicity is mentioned second? | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Slavic | advqa_18485 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
When are the samples transformed? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | During encoding | advqa_18486 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What of noise is taken? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | samples | advqa_18487 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is time transformed into? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | frequency | advqa_18488 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
When are 192 samples taken? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | If there is a transient | advqa_18489 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is auditory? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | noise | advqa_18490 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is one process shown in the text? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | encoding | advqa_18491 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How does the transient noise spread? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | temporal | advqa_18492 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is a problem during encoding? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | the temporal spread of quantization noise | advqa_18493 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What should we see for further information? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | psychoacoustics | advqa_18494 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What do you encounter in psychoacoustics? | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | noise | advqa_18495 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is different? | An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from ... | patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents) | advqa_18496 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What, in the article, happens a little over 2 years after patent 5,812,672 expired? | An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from ... | U.S. Patent 5,703,999, held by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and administered by Technicolor, expires | advqa_18497 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the last month mentioned? | An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from ... | December | advqa_18498 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What happens with Patent 5,703,999 | An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from ... | then the MP3 technology will be patent-free in the United States on 30 December 2017 when U.S. Patent 5,703,999, held by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and administered by Technicolor, expires | advqa_18499 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
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