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5733b195d058e614000b6083 | Tajikistan | In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 s... | Why was there concerns in 2010? | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August"
]
} | Why was there concerns in [MASK]? | [
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0.045766238123... | The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In most countries, patents cannot be filed after prior art has been made public, and patents expire 20 years after the initial filing date, which can be up to 12 months later for filings in other coun... | Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radic... | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to... | that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August | 5,126 |
5733b38fd058e614000b60ac | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | What type of government does Tajikistan have? | {
"answer_start": [
25
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"a republic"
]
} | What type of government does [MASK] have? | [
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5733b390d058e614000b60af | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | Who is the prime minister of Tajikistan? | {
"answer_start": [
385
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"text": [
"Kokhir Rasulzoda"
]
} | Who is the prime minister of [MASK]? | [
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5733b390d058e614000b60b0 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | Who are the Deputy Prime Ministers? | {
"answer_start": [
497
],
"text": [
"Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova"
]
} | Who are the Deputy Prime Ministers? | [
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5733b38fd058e614000b60ae | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | When was Emomalii Rahmon elected president? | {
"answer_start": [
348
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"text": [
"November 1994"
]
} | When was [MASK] elected president? | [
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5733b38fd058e614000b60ad | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | What kind of system is a dominant-party system? | {
"answer_start": [
172
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"text": [
"where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament"
]
} | What kind of system is a dominant-party system? | [
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0.0953438803553... | At the time of the fall of the Egyptian monarchy in the early 1950s, less than half a million Egyptians were considered upper class and rich, four million middle class and 17 million lower class and poor. Fewer than half of all primary-school-age children attended school, most of them being boys. Nasser's policies chan... | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to... | In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist, sometimes reflecting legal restrictions on political parties. In nonpartisan elections, each candidate is eligible for office on his or her own merits. In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature. The ad... | where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament | 5,131 |
5733b523d058e614000b60e2 | Tajikistan | Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, c... | Even though Tajikistan has freedom of the press, what is the problem with it? | {
"answer_start": [
80
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"text": [
"independent press outlets remain restricted"
]
} | Even though [MASK] has freedom of the press, what is the problem with it? | [
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0.06341937184333... | Dell became the first company in the information technology industry to establish a product-recycling goal (in 2004) and completed the implementation of its global consumer recycling-program in 2006. On February 6, 2007, the National Recycling Coalition awarded Dell its "Recycling Works" award for efforts to promote pr... | Legally, only non-profit trusts and societies can run schools in India. They will have to satisfy a number of infrastructure and human resource related criteria to get Recognition (a form of license) from the government. Critics of this system point out that this leads to corruption by school inspectors who check compl... | During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted ... | independent press outlets remain restricted | 5,132 |
5733b523d058e614000b60e4 | Tajikistan | Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, c... | What is not tolerated by the government in respect to media? | {
"answer_start": [
422
],
"text": [
"no public criticism of the regime is tolerated"
]
} | What is not tolerated by the government in respect to media? | [
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5733b523d058e614000b60e5 | Tajikistan | Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, c... | What is not covered by local media? | {
"answer_start": [
473
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"text": [
"all direct protest is severely suppressed"
]
} | What is not covered by local media? | [
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5733b523d058e614000b60e3 | Tajikistan | Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, c... | What access is blocked? | {
"answer_start": [
224
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"text": [
"access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru"
]
} | What access is blocked? | [
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0.18035706877... | Following speculation that Sony was working on a 'slim' model, Sony officially announced the PS3 CECH-2000 model on August 18, 2009, at the Sony Gamescom press conference. New features included a slimmer form factor, decreased power consumption, and a quieter cooling system. It was released in major territories by Sept... | Legally, only non-profit trusts and societies can run schools in India. They will have to satisfy a number of infrastructure and human resource related criteria to get Recognition (a form of license) from the government. Critics of this system point out that this leads to corruption by school inspectors who check compl... | Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and the Sunni branch of Islam are officially recognized by the government, and have reserved seats in the Iranian Parliament. But the Bahá'í Faith, which is said to be the largest non-Muslim religious minority in Iran, is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during i... | access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru | 5,135 |
5733b5a64776f419006610fb | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | What is the smalled nation in the Central Asia area? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tajikistan"
]
} | What is the smalled nation in the [MASK] area? | [
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0.2383379191... | Burke knew that many members of the Whig Party did not share Fox's views and he wanted to provoke them into condemning the French Revolution. Burke wrote that he wanted to represent the whole Whig party "as tolerating, and by a toleration, countenancing those proceedings" so that he could "stimulate them to a public de... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central government institution ca... | Tajikistan | 5,136 |
5733b5a64776f419006610fd | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | What mountian range runs through Tajikistan? | {
"answer_start": [
247
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"text": [
"the Pamir range"
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} | What mountian range runs through [MASK]? | [
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5733b5a64776f419006610ff | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | Where is Dushanbe located? | {
"answer_start": [
541
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"text": [
"on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley"
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} | Where is [MASK] located? | [
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0.0027760881... | Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase f... | on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley | 5,138 |
5733b5a64776f419006610fc | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | Where exactly is Tajikistan? | {
"answer_start": [
93
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"between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°)"
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} | Where exactly is [MASK]? | [
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5733b5a64776f419006610fe | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | What area is under sea level? | {
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"in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys"
]
} | What area is under sea level? | [
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-0.1149286... | Normandy was the site of several important developments in the history of classical music in the 11th century. Fécamp Abbey and Saint-Evroul Abbey were centres of musical production and education. At Fécamp, under two Italian abbots, William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna, the system of denoting notes by letters was d... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan. | in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys | 5,140 |
573358b94776f41900660866 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | Where did the word Tajik come from? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe"
]
} | Where did the word [MASK] come from? | [
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0.380910038948... | The series is set three years after the events of Digimon Adventure 02, when Digimon who turn rogue by a mysterious infection appear to wreak havoc in the Human World. Tai and the other DigiDestined from the original series reunite with their partners and start fighting back with support from the Japanese government, w... | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Per... | Ahmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': "They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his body and leaves one of h... | the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe | 5,141 |
573358b94776f41900660864 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | What does Tajikistan mean? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"\"Land of the Tajiks\""
]
} | What does [MASK] mean? | [
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0.317564845085... | The Jordan Rift Valley is the result of tectonic movements within the Dead Sea Transform (DSF) fault system. The DSF forms the transform boundary between the African Plate to the west and the Arabian Plate to the east. The Golan Heights and all of Jordan are part of the Arabian Plate, while the Galilee, West Bank, Coas... | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Per... | Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest ... | "Land of the Tajiks" | 5,142 |
573358b94776f41900660865 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | What does the suffix -stan mean? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"\"place of\" or \"country\""
]
} | What does the suffix -stan mean? | [
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0.264716535806... | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Per... | The word slovo ("word") and the related slava ("fame") and slukh ("hearing") originate from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- ("be spoken of, fame"), cognate with Ancient Greek κλῆς (klês - "famous"), whence the name Pericles, and Latin clueo ("be called"), and English loud. | "place of" or "country" | 5,143 |
573358b94776f41900660867 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | Why is it hard to find the origin of the word Tajik? | {
"answer_start": [
363
],
"text": [
"because the term is \"embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia.\""
]
} | Why is it hard to find the origin of the word [MASK]? | [
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0.4471451044082... | Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the co... | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Per... | In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexan... | because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia." | 5,144 |
573366944776f419006609f5 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese? | {
"answer_start": [
76
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"650–680"
]
} | When was the region under [MASK] empire and the [MASK]? | [
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0.17702457... | Campus Martius, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States. The city's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment, following successful examples of other older industrial cities. In 2001, the first... | It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p... | In 121 BC, Han forces expelled the Xiongnu from a vast territory spanning the Hexi Corridor to Lop Nur. They repelled a joint Xiongnu-Qiang invasion of this northwestern territory in 111 BC. In that year, the Han court established four new frontier commanderies in this region: Jiuquan, Zhangyi, Dunhuang, and Wuwei. The... | 650–680 | 5,145 |
573366944776f419006609f6 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who took control of the regin in 710? | {
"answer_start": [
118
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"Umayyads"
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} | Who took control of the [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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0.293629616... | It was at Port Said that Nasser saw a confrontation with the invading forces as being the strategic and psychological focal point of Egypt's defense. A third infantry battalion and hundreds of national guardsmen were sent to the city as reinforcements, while two regular companies were dispatched to organize popular res... | It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p... | From the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicle), but there were als... | Umayyads | 5,146 |
573366944776f419006609f7 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who restored Persian control of the region? | {
"answer_start": [
135
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"The Samanid Empire,"
]
} | Who restored [MASK] control of the region? | [
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0.2084008902... | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p... | The Seljuk Empire soon started to collapse. In the early 12th century, Armenian princes of the Zakarid noble family drove out the Seljuk Turks and established a semi-independent Armenian principality in Northern and Eastern Armenia, known as Zakarid Armenia, which lasted under the patronage of the Georgian Kingdom. The... | The Samanid Empire, | 5,147 |
573366944776f419006609f8 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran? | {
"answer_start": [
368
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"text": [
"Khorasan"
]
} | What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of [MASK]? | [
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0.1511437296... | The process of desegregation at Washington University began in 1947 with the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work. During the mid and late 1940s, the University was the target of critical editorials in the local African American press, letter-writing campaigns by churches and the local Urban League, and leg... | It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p... | In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire divided Armenia. From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequentl... | Khorasan | 5,148 |
5733ebbbd058e614000b65d9 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When was the land under Tibetan empire and Chinese? | {
"answer_start": [
76
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"650–680"
]
} | When was the land under [MASK] empire and [MASK]? | [
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0.203435480... | The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface. They calculate with confidence... | It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p... | Even before Han's expansion into Central Asia, diplomat Zhang Qian's travels from 139 to 125 BC had established Chinese contacts with many surrounding civilizations. Zhang encountered Dayuan (Fergana), Kangju (Sogdiana), and Daxia (Bactria, formerly the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom); he also gathered information on Shendu (I... | 650–680 | 5,157 |
5733ebbbd058e614000b65da | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl? | {
"answer_start": [
130
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"text": [
"710"
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} | When was [MASK] under [MASK]? | [
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0.066187016665... | The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries. | It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p... | A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had kil... | 710 | 5,158 |
5733ebbbd058e614000b65db | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who conquered Tansaxania? | {
"answer_start": [
378
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"text": [
"The Kara-Khanid Khanate"
]
} | Who conquered [MASK]? | [
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5733ebbbd058e614000b65dc | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When did the Samanid Empire rule the land? | {
"answer_start": [
135
],
"text": [
"The Samanid Empire"
]
} | When did [MASK] rule the land? | [
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0.09628555... | The first record of the name Israel (as ysrỉꜣr) occurs in the Merneptah stele, erected for Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, "Israel is laid waste and his seed is not." This "Israel" was a cultural and probably political entity of the central highlands, well enough established to be perceived by the Egyptians as ... | It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p... | From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires. From the mid 16th century w... | The Samanid Empire | 5,160 |
57339febd058e614000b5f0e | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | When did the Russian Empire take over Central Asia? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"during the late 19th century's Imperial Era"
]
} | When did [MASK] take over [MASK]? | [
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0.0717934... | In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ... | In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on the British experience. The term "Imperialism" was originally introduced into English in its present sense in the late 1870s by opponents of the allegedly aggressive and ostentatious imperial policies of British prime Minister Benjamin Disr... | According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varang... | during the late 19th century's Imperial Era | 5,161 |
57339febd058e614000b5f10 | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | Who controled the Tajikistan portion of Russian Trukestan? | {
"answer_start": [
271
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"text": [
"the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand"
]
} | Who controled the [MASK] portion of [MASK]? | [
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57339febd058e614000b5f11 | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | What was Russian interested in Tajikistan area for? | {
"answer_start": [
342
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"text": [
"gaining access to a supply of cotton"
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} | What was [MASK] interested in [MASK] area for? | [
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57339febd058e614000b5f0f | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | What did Russia do between 1864-1885? | {
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140
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"Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan"
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} | What did [MASK] do [MASK]? | [
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57339febd058e614000b5f12 | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | In 1885, who was ruling the Tajikistan area? | {
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586
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"the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara"
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} | In [MASK], who was ruling the [MASK] area? | [
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5733a8d44776f41900660f81 | Tajikistan | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century? | {
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69
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"an Islamic social movement throughout the region"
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} | What did the [MASK] establish themselves as in [MASK]? | [
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5733a8d44776f41900660f82 | Tajikistan | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | Who were viewed as a threat by the Jadidists? | {
"answer_start": [
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"Russians"
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} | Who were viewed as a threat by the [MASK]? | [
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5733a8d44776f41900660f83 | Tajikistan | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | When was the uprising against the Khanate of Kokand? | {
"answer_start": [
354
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"between 1910 and 1913"
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} | When was the uprising against [MASK]? | [
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5733a8d44776f41900660f84 | Tajikistan | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand? | {
"answer_start": [
477
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"the threat of forced conscription during World War I"
]
} | Why did demonstrators attack [MASK] soldiers in [MASK]? | [
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5733aa16d058e614000b5fb7 | Tajikistan | After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet auth... | Who went to war against Bolshevick armies? | {
"answer_start": [
37
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"text": [
"guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi"
]
} | Who went to war against [MASK] armies? | [
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5733aa16d058e614000b5fb8 | Tajikistan | After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet auth... | What did they go to war against Bolshevick? | {
"answer_start": [
149
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"to maintain independence"
]
} | What did they go to war against [MASK]? | [
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5733aa16d058e614000b5fb9 | Tajikistan | After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet auth... | Who won the war? | {
"answer_start": [
175
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"text": [
"The Bolsheviks"
]
} | Who won the war? | [
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5733aa16d058e614000b5fba | Tajikistan | After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet auth... | What religions were discourages so their places of worship were closed? | {
"answer_start": [
377
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"text": [
"Islam, Judaism, and Christianity"
]
} | What religions were discourages so their places of worship were closed? | [
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5733ab4ad058e614000b5fd2 | Tajikistan | In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, coll... | In 1924, what was created as part of Uzbekistan? | {
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"Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic"
]
} | In [MASK], what was created as part of [MASK]? | [
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5733ab4ad058e614000b5fd4 | Tajikistan | In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, coll... | Where was the expansion of cotton and agriculture mainly? | {
"answer_start": [
414
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"text": [
"in the southern region"
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} | Where was the expansion of cotton and agriculture mainly? | [
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5733ab4ad058e614000b5fd3 | Tajikistan | In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, coll... | What happeded between 1927-1934? | {
"answer_start": [
316
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"text": [
"collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place"
]
} | What happeded [MASK]? | [
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5733ab4ad058e614000b5fd5 | Tajikistan | In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, coll... | What forced resettlement throughout Tajikistan? | {
"answer_start": [
438
],
"text": [
"Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement"
]
} | What forced resettlement throughout [MASK]? | [
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0.184367790818... | Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniqu... | Although the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces commanded by Nikolai Yudenich and Armenians in volunteer units and Armenian militia led by Andranik Ozanian and Tovmas Nazarbekian succeeded in gaining most of Ottoman Armenia during World War I, their gains were lost with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.[citation ... | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement | 5,177 |
5733abe2d058e614000b5fe4 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | Who directed the purges of Soviets? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"Moscow"
]
} | Who directed the purges of [MASK]? | [
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5733abe2d058e614000b5fe5 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | How many people were expelled?? | {
"answer_start": [
102
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"text": [
"nearly 10,000 people"
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} | How many people were expelled?? | [
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5733abe2d058e614000b5fe6 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | Who were sent to replace the expelled positions? | {
"answer_start": [
178
],
"text": [
"Ethnic Russians"
]
} | Who were sent to replace the expelled positions? | [
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5733abe2d058e614000b5fe8 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | What did the population of Russians do between 1926-1959? | {
"answer_start": [
426
],
"text": [
"grew from less than 1% to 13%"
]
} | What did the population of [MASK] do [MASK]? | [
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0.08324567973... | Larger SAMs may be deployed in fixed launchers, but can be towed/re-deployed at will. The SAMs launched by individuals are known in the United States as the Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS). MANPADS of the former Soviet Union have been exported around the World, and can be found in use by many armed forces. T... | Gorbachev's inability to alleviate any of Armenia's problems created disillusionment among the Armenians and fed a growing hunger for independence. In May 1990, the New Armenian Army (NAA) was established, serving as a defence force separate from the Soviet Red Army. Clashes soon broke out between the NAA and Soviet In... | Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of E... | grew from less than 1% to 13% | 5,181 |
5733abe2d058e614000b5fe7 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | What did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced? | {
"answer_start": [
237
],
"text": [
"subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary"
]
} | What did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced? | [
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5733b463d058e614000b60c7 | Tajikistan | The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain ... | What happened in the Feb 2010 election? | {
"answer_start": [
265
],
"text": [
"PDPT lose four seats in Parliament"
]
} | What happened in the [MASK] election? | [
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5733b463d058e614000b60c6 | Tajikistan | The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain ... | Why were parties upset in the 2005 election? | {
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment"
]
} | Why were parties upset in the [MASK] election? | [
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5733b463d058e614000b60c8 | Tajikistan | The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain ... | What did the OSCE say that Tajikistan did? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"\"failed to meet many key OSCE commitments\" and that \"these elections failed on many basic democratic standards.\""
]
} | What did the [MASK] say that [MASK] did? | [
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5733b463d058e614000b60c9 | Tajikistan | The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain ... | What was the Tajikistan governments response? | {
"answer_start": [
555
],
"text": [
"The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people"
]
} | What was the [MASK] governments response? | [
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0.13092458248... | The Vietnam War was a war fought between 1959 and 1975 on the ground in South Vietnam and bordering areas of Cambodia and Laos (see Secret War) and in the strategic bombing (see Operation Rolling Thunder) of North Vietnam. American advisors came in the late 1950s to help the RVN (Republic of Vietnam) combat Communist i... | A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leader... | In Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords, making Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth. In 1992, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by comm... | The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people | 5,186 |
573353674776f4190066083c | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | Where is Tajikistan located? | {
"answer_start": [
355
],
"text": [
"in Central Asia"
]
} | Where is [MASK] located? | [
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573353674776f4190066083d | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | How many people are living in Tajikistan? | {
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"8 million people"
]
} | How many people are living in [MASK]? | [
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573353674776f4190066083e | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What is the area of Tajikistan? | {
"answer_start": [
422
],
"text": [
"area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)"
]
} | What is the area of [MASK]? | [
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-0.1293738782405... | The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form. Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century. The success of Zig et Puce in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian com... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central government institution ca... | area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi) | 5,189 |
573353674776f4190066083f | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What country lies to Tajikistans east? | {
"answer_start": [
555
],
"text": [
"China"
]
} | What country lies to [MASK] east? | [
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0.076135039329... | The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency was its "duty". The concept of duty was first introduced by Watt in order to illustrate how much more efficient his engines were over the earlier Newcomen designs. Duty is the number of foot-pounds of work delivered by burning one bushel (94 pounds) of coal. ... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase f... | China | 5,190 |
573353674776f41900660840 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What seperates Tajikistan and Pakistan? | {
"answer_start": [
626
],
"text": [
"Wakhan Corridor"
]
} | What seperates [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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0.5879537463... | Estonia is a dependent country in the terms of energy and energy production. In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed] The importance of wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and currently the total amount of energy production from wi... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris ov... | Wakhan Corridor | 5,191 |
5731cfe0b9d445190005e580 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What country borders Tajikistan to the east? | {
"answer_start": [
555
],
"text": [
"China"
]
} | What country borders [MASK] to the east? | [
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0.107847698032... | In December 2014, President Uhuru Kenyatta signed a Security Laws Amendment Bill, which supporters of the law suggested was necessary to guard against armed groups. Opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries criticised the security bill, arguing that it infringed on democratic freedoms. The... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase f... | China | 5,192 |
5731cfe0b9d445190005e57f | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | How many people are estimated to live in Tajikistan? | {
"answer_start": [
389
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"text": [
"8 million"
]
} | How many people are estimated to live in [MASK]? | [
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5731cfe0b9d445190005e582 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What country borders Tajikistan to the south? | {
"answer_start": [
476
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"text": [
"Afghanistan"
]
} | What country borders [MASK] to the south? | [
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0.1256944984... | Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos. Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers ... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L... | Afghanistan | 5,195 |
5731cfe0b9d445190005e583 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What country borders Tajikistan to the west? | {
"answer_start": [
502
],
"text": [
"Uzbekistan"
]
} | What country borders [MASK] to the west? | [
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0.115560755... | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO roc... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase f... | Uzbekistan | 5,196 |
5733625ed058e614000b59a9 | Tajikistan | The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas b... | What was the first recorded history of this region? | {
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"about 500 BCE"
]
} | What was the [MASK] recorded history of this region? | [
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0.2897134423... | The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an... | The rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs. In the late 8th centu... | Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese ... | about 500 BCE | 5,197 |
5733625ed058e614000b59aa | Tajikistan | The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas b... | What was modern Tajikistan part of around 500 BE? | {
"answer_start": [
128
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"text": [
"the Achaemenid Empire"
]
} | What was modern [MASK] part of [MASK]? | [
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0.29717656970... | The national postal infrastructure was completely destroyed during the civil war. In order to fill the vacuum, Somali Post signed an agreement in 2003 with the United Arab Emirates' Emirates Post to process mail to and from Somalia. Emirates Post's mail transit hub at the Dubai International Airport was then used to fo... | The rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs. In the late 8th centu... | In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 s... | the Achaemenid Empire | 5,198 |
5733625ed058e614000b59ab | Tajikistan | The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas b... | Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire? | {
"answer_start": [
398
],
"text": [
"Alexander the Great"
]
} | Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire? | [
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0.339377... | In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated. The following year, oil discovered at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a ... | The rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs. In the late 8th centu... | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | Alexander the Great | 5,199 |
57336314d058e614000b59ca | Tajikistan | The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, move... | What tribes took control of the region in first centry CE? | {
"answer_start": [
35
],
"text": [
"Yuezhi tribes"
]
} | What tribes took control of the region in [MASK]? | [
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0.3044024... | Specific concerns include a compounded inability for the Air Force to replace its aging fleet, and an overall reduction of strength and readiness. The USAF attempted to make these adjustments by primarily cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets and their associated manpower, but Congress re... | In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the... | To the north of China proper, the nomadic Xiongnu chieftain Modu Chanyu (r. 209–174 BC) conquered various tribes inhabiting the eastern portion of the Eurasian Steppe. By the end of his reign, he controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Tarim Basin, subjugating over twenty states east of Samarkand. Emperor Gaozu was tro... | Yuezhi tribes | 5,200 |
57336314d058e614000b59cb | Tajikistan | The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, move... | When was Islam brought to the region? | {
"answer_start": [
362
],
"text": [
"in the early eighth century"
]
} | When was [MASK] brought to the region? | [
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0.244028389453887... | The first technical dictionary was drafted by John Harris and entitled Lexicon Technicum: Or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. Harris' book avoided theological and biographical entries; instead it concentrated on science and technology. Published in 1704, the Lexicon technicum was the first book to... | In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the... | In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexan... | in the early eighth century | 5,201 |
57336314d058e614000b59cc | Tajikistan | The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, move... | What empire brought Islam practices with them? | {
"answer_start": [
264
],
"text": [
"Hephthalite Empire,"
]
} | What empire brought [MASK] practices with them? | [
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57336314d058e614000b59c9 | Tajikistan | The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, move... | What religions were practiced in the region from first centry CE to 4th centry CE? | {
"answer_start": [
154
],
"text": [
"Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism"
]
} | What religions were practiced in the region from [MASK] to [MASK]? | [
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5733dc45d058e614000b643d | Tajikistan | Tajikistan's economy grew substantially after the war. The GDP of Tajikistan expanded at an average rate of 9.6% over the period of 2000–2007 according to the World Bank data. This improved Tajikistan's position among other Central Asian countries (namely Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), which seem to have degraded econom... | What was the rate that the GDP expanded? | {
"answer_start": [
89
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"text": [
"an average rate of 9.6%"
]
} | What was the rate that the GDP expanded? | [
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0.27041378... | Martin Luther (/ˈluːθər/ or /ˈluːðər/; German: [ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈlʊtɐ] ( listen); 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, former monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Late Medieval Catholic Churc... | Alongside the capital, the most popular tourist destinations are Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz. In the early 2000s, the industry faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, industry standards and personnel training. The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims,... | The Brookings Institution reported in June 2009 that U.S. consumption accounted for more than a third of the growth in global consumption between 2000 and 2007. "The US economy has been spending too much and borrowing too much for years and the rest of the world depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global deman... | an average rate of 9.6% | 5,204 |
5733dc45d058e614000b643e | Tajikistan | Tajikistan's economy grew substantially after the war. The GDP of Tajikistan expanded at an average rate of 9.6% over the period of 2000–2007 according to the World Bank data. This improved Tajikistan's position among other Central Asian countries (namely Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), which seem to have degraded econom... | What is the primary source of income in Tajikistan? | {
"answer_start": [
387
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"text": [
"aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers"
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} | What is the primary source of income in [MASK]? | [
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5733dc45d058e614000b643f | Tajikistan | Tajikistan's economy grew substantially after the war. The GDP of Tajikistan expanded at an average rate of 9.6% over the period of 2000–2007 according to the World Bank data. This improved Tajikistan's position among other Central Asian countries (namely Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), which seem to have degraded econom... | What accounts for 60% of the agricultural output? | {
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482
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"60%"
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5733dc45d058e614000b6440 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan's economy grew substantially after the war. The GDP of Tajikistan expanded at an average rate of 9.6% over the period of 2000–2007 according to the World Bank data. This improved Tajikistan's position among other Central Asian countries (namely Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), which seem to have degraded econom... | What is the name of the state owned company that produces aluminium? | {
"answer_start": [
647
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"text": [
"Tajik Aluminum Company"
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} | What is the name of the state owned company that produces aluminium? | [
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5733dd1d4776f419006613a3 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working ... | Who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in Tajikistan? | {
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} | Who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in [MASK]? | [
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5733dd1d4776f419006613a2 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working ... | What is something that the rivers in Tajikistan are good for? | {
"answer_start": [
65
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"hydropower potential"
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} | What is something that the rivers in [MASK] are good for? | [
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5733dd1d4776f419006613a4 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working ... | What is the highest dam in the world? | {
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224
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"text": [
"Nurek Dam"
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} | What is the highest dam in the world? | [
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5733dd1d4776f419006613a5 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working ... | What will the project named CASA 1000 do? | {
"answer_start": [
722
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"text": [
"CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan"
]
} | What will the project named [MASK] do? | [
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5733de6d4776f419006613bf | Tajikistan | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase f... | What is the average amount lived on per day? | {
"answer_start": [
75
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"text": [
"US$1.25 per day"
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} | What is the average amount lived on per day? | [
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5733de6d4776f419006613c0 | Tajikistan | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase f... | What was the total for the remittances from Tajik migrans? | {
"answer_start": [
272
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"text": [
"estimated $2.1 billion US dollars"
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} | What was the total for the remittances from [MASK] migrans? | [
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5733de6d4776f419006613c1 | Tajikistan | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase f... | How did Tajikistan change their economy? | {
"answer_start": [
510
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"by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor"
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} | How did [MASK] change their economy? | [
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5733de6d4776f419006613c2 | Tajikistan | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase f... | What has been one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth? | {
"answer_start": [
677
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"text": [
"remittances"
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} | What has been [MASK] of the drivers of [MASK] 's robust economic growth? | [
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5733e4294776f41900661436 | Tajikistan | Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international... | What is raised locally for the domestic market? | {
"answer_start": [
202
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"text": [
"opium poppy"
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} | What is raised locally for the domestic market? | [
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5733e4294776f41900661437 | Tajikistan | Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international... | What all has helped with the fight against drugs? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities"
]
} | What all has helped with the fight against drugs? | [
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5733e4294776f41900661438 | Tajikistan | Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international... | Tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations? | {
"answer_start": [
546
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"text": [
"heroin and raw opium confiscations"
]
} | [MASK] is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations? | [
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5733e4294776f41900661439 | Tajikistan | Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international... | What is UNODC helping Tajikistan with to help the war on drugs? | {
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"strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency"
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} | What is [MASK] helping [MASK] with to help the war on drugs? | [
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5733e4e7d058e614000b64fe | Tajikistan | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to... | What are the majority of transportation options? | {
"answer_start": [
86
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"text": [
"via roads, air, and rail."
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} | What are the majority of transportation options? | [
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5733e4e7d058e614000b64ff | Tajikistan | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to... | What countries had Tajikistan been working with to use ports? | {
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} | What countries had [MASK] been working with to use ports? | [
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5733e4e7d058e614000b6500 | Tajikistan | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to... | What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way? | {
"answer_start": [
280
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"text": [
"Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan"
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} | What countries did [MASK] agree with to build a highway and a rail way? | [
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5733e4e7d058e614000b6501 | Tajikistan | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to... | What year was the agreement signed? | {
"answer_start": [
555
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"text": [
"2012"
]
} | What year was the agreement signed? | [
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5733e573d058e614000b6515 | Tajikistan | In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul... | How many airports does Tajikistan have? | {
"answer_start": [
23
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"26 airports"
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} | How many airports does [MASK] have? | [
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5733e573d058e614000b6516 | Tajikistan | In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul... | What is the country's main airport? | {
"answer_start": [
148
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"text": [
"Dushanbe International Airport"
]
} | What is the country's main airport? | [
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5733e573d058e614000b6517 | Tajikistan | In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul... | Where are the international flights maining going to? | {
"answer_start": [
254
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"text": [
"Russia"
]
} | Where are the international flights maining going to? | [
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5733e573d058e614000b6518 | Tajikistan | In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul... | What is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country? | {
"answer_start": [
579
],
"text": [
"Khorog Airport"
]
} | What is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country? | [
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5733e682d058e614000b652d | Tajikistan | Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. Tajiks who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian) are the main ethnic group, although there are sizable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. ... | What is Tajikistans population as of July 2009? | {
"answer_start": [
31
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"text": [
"7,349,145"
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} | What is [MASK] population as of [MASK]? | [
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5733e682d058e614000b652e | Tajikistan | Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. Tajiks who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian) are the main ethnic group, although there are sizable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. ... | What percent of the population is under 30 years old? | {
"answer_start": [
67
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"text": [
"70%"
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} | What percent of the population is [MASK]? | [
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5733e682d058e614000b652f | Tajikistan | Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. Tajiks who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian) are the main ethnic group, although there are sizable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. ... | What percent of the population are between 14 to 30 years old? | {
"answer_start": [
99
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"text": [
"35%"
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} | What percent of the population are [MASK]? | [
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5733e682d058e614000b6530 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. Tajiks who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian) are the main ethnic group, although there are sizable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. ... | What lanuage do the people of Tajikistan speak? | {
"answer_start": [
155
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"text": [
"Tajik"
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} | What lanuage do the people of [MASK] speak? | [
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5733e682d058e614000b6531 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. Tajiks who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian) are the main ethnic group, although there are sizable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. ... | What are the citizens of Tajikistan called? | {
"answer_start": [
520
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"text": [
"Tajikistanis"
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} | What are the citizens of [MASK] called? | [
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5733e78f4776f41900661493 | Tajikistan | The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris ov... | What people live in the southeast area of the country? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"The Pamiri people"
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} | What people live in the southeast area of the country? | [
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5733e78f4776f41900661494 | Tajikistan | The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris ov... | How are they different than most Tajiks? | {
"answer_start": [
173
],
"text": [
"distinct linguistically and culturally"
]
} | How are they different than most [MASK]? | [
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-0.074645139276981... | It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and... | Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working ... | After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet auth... | distinct linguistically and culturally | 5,234 |
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