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56d1ef6ae7d4791d0090259a | Buddhism | According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance. A Buddha is no longer bound by Samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life. | A Buddha is no longer bound by what? | {
"answer_start": [
192
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"text": [
"Samsara"
]
} | A Buddha is no longer bound by what? | [
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0.215638175606... | Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setti... | The Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, R... | Sentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others. | Samsara | 6,646 |
56d1ef6ae7d4791d0090259b | Buddhism | According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance. A Buddha is no longer bound by Samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life. | What do unawakend people experience? | {
"answer_start": [
218
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"text": [
"suffering"
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} | What do unawakend people experience? | [
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0.14241042733... | A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them ... | The Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, R... | In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous. | suffering | 6,647 |
56d1f064e7d4791d0090259f | Buddhism | Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha. The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones (see List of the 28 Buddhas), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin (see Amitabha or Vairocana as examples, for lists of many thousands... | How many Buddhas are considered to have existed in the Pali Canon? | {
"answer_start": [
136
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"text": [
"28"
]
} | How many [MASK] are considered to have existed in the Pali Canon? | [
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-0.04446876421570... | Cryptophytes, or cryptomonads are a group of algae that contain a red-algal derived chloroplast. Cryptophyte chloroplasts contain a nucleomorph that superficially resembles that of the chlorarachniophytes. Cryptophyte chloroplasts have four membranes, the outermost of which is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reti... | Gautama was now determined to complete his spiritual quest. At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment. After many days, he finally destroyed the fetters of his mind, thereby liberat... | Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddh... | 28 | 6,648 |
56d1f064e7d4791d009025a0 | Buddhism | Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha. The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones (see List of the 28 Buddhas), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin (see Amitabha or Vairocana as examples, for lists of many thousands... | A Theravada and Mahayana belief is that the next Buddha will be one named what? | {
"answer_start": [
470
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"text": [
"Maitreya"
]
} | A [MASK] and [MASK] belief is that the next [MASK] will be one named what? | [
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0.16036985814571... | Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine... | Gautama was now determined to complete his spiritual quest. At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment. After many days, he finally destroyed the fetters of his mind, thereby liberat... | The Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha. Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact opposed to early ... | Maitreya | 6,649 |
56d1f064e7d4791d009025a1 | Buddhism | Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha. The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones (see List of the 28 Buddhas), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin (see Amitabha or Vairocana as examples, for lists of many thousands... | Mahayana has many Buddhas of what origin? | {
"answer_start": [
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"celestial"
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0.32340890... | The Qing forces were crushed by Wu from 1673-1674. The Qing had the support of the majority of Han Chinese soldiers and Han elite against the Three Feudatories, since they refused to join Wu Sangui in the revolt, while the Eight Banners and Manchu officers fared poorly against Wu Sangui, so the Qing responded with usin... | Gautama was now determined to complete his spiritual quest. At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment. After many days, he finally destroyed the fetters of his mind, thereby liberat... | Therefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well. He thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha. In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning a... | celestial | 6,650 |
56d1f14be7d4791d009025a5 | Buddhism | In Theravada doctrine, a person may awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by directly realizing the true nature of reality; such people are called arahants and occasionally buddhas. After numerous lifetimes of spiritual striving, they have reached the end of the cycle of rebirth, no longer reincarnating as human, animal... | A person can awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by acknowledging the true nature of what? | {
"answer_start": [
114
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"text": [
"reality"
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} | A person can awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by acknowledging the true nature of what? | [
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-0.03981164842... | Saint Helena (/ˌseɪnt həˈliːnə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is part of the British Ove... | In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāp... | Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primaril... | reality | 6,651 |
56d1f14be7d4791d009025a6 | Buddhism | In Theravada doctrine, a person may awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by directly realizing the true nature of reality; such people are called arahants and occasionally buddhas. After numerous lifetimes of spiritual striving, they have reached the end of the cycle of rebirth, no longer reincarnating as human, animal... | At the end of the cycle of rebirth a person is called what? | {
"answer_start": [
146
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"text": [
"arahants"
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} | At the end of the cycle of rebirth a person is called what? | [
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0.0291227... | John spent much of 1205 securing England against a potential French invasion. As an emergency measure, John recreated a version of Henry II's Assize of Arms of 1181, with each shire creating a structure to mobilise local levies. When the threat of invasion faded, John formed a large military force in England intended f... | In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāp... | Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit. | arahants | 6,652 |
56d1f214e7d4791d009025ab | Buddhism | Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami. | Nirvana and what term carry the same meaning? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Bodhi"
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} | Nirvana and what term carry the same meaning? | [
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0.26482567191123... | Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes). Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substan... | Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each real... | The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer "new truths" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened peop... | Bodhi | 6,653 |
56d1f214e7d4791d009025ac | Buddhism | Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami. | What is the term for extinction of only hatred and greed, with residue of delusion? | {
"answer_start": [
290
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"text": [
"anagami"
]
} | What is the term for extinction of only hatred and greed, with residue of delusion? | [
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0.26152500... | The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Mol... | Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each real... | Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaining release from suffe... | anagami | 6,654 |
56d1f2b4e7d4791d009025af | Buddhism | In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are see... | In the Mahayana, who is thought to be an omnipresent being? | {
"answer_start": [
21
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"text": [
"Buddha"
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} | In the [MASK], who is thought to be an omnipresent being? | [
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0.2104553580284118... | The rebels soon split into various factions fighting one another. The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States organized a military task force to intervene in the crisis. From 1989 to 1996 one of Africa's bloodiest civil wars ensued, claiming the lives of more than 200,000... | According to this school of Vedanta, all reality is Brahman, and there exists nothing whatsoever which is not Brahman. Its metaphysics includes the concept of māyā and ātman. Māyā connotes "that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal". The empirical reality is considered as always chang... | According to this school of Vedanta, all reality is Brahman, and there exists nothing whatsoever which is not Brahman. Its metaphysics includes the concept of māyā and ātman. Māyā connotes "that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal". The empirical reality is considered as always chang... | Buddha | 6,655 |
56d1f2b4e7d4791d009025b0 | Buddhism | In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are see... | Who is thought to be beyond the range and reach of thought? | {
"answer_start": [
21
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"text": [
"Buddha"
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} | Who is thought to be beyond the range and reach of thought? | [
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56d1f2b4e7d4791d009025b1 | Buddhism | In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are see... | In what sutras are the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha viewed as One? | {
"answer_start": [
7
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"text": [
"Mahayana"
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} | In what sutras are the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha viewed as [MASK]? | [
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56d1f365e7d4791d009025b5 | Buddhism | The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer "new truths" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened peop... | Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, as he is living in other planes of what? | {
"answer_start": [
78
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"existence"
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} | [MASK] 's death is seen as an illusion, as he is living in other planes of what? | [
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56d1f365e7d4791d009025b6 | Buddhism | The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer "new truths" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened peop... | Who is permitted to offer "new truths" based on Buddhas input? | {
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"monks"
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} | Who is permitted to offer" new truths" based on [MASK] input? | [
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56d1f365e7d4791d009025b7 | Buddhism | The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer "new truths" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened peop... | What is the term for the idea of ultimately nothing has existance? | {
"answer_start": [
220
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"text": [
"śūnyatā"
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} | What is the term for the idea of ultimately nothing has existance? | [
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0.500569522380828... | Law enforcement, however, constitutes only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaini... | Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its reve... | In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāp... | śūnyatā | 6,660 |
56d1f365e7d4791d009025b8 | Buddhism | The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer "new truths" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened peop... | Who are enlightened people who vow to continue being reborn? | {
"answer_start": [
290
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"text": [
"bodhisattvas"
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} | Who are enlightened people who vow to continue being reborn? | [
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56d1f453e7d4791d009025bd | Buddhism |
The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orienta... | What is characterized by the deep truts in the "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha | {
"answer_start": [
146
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"text": [
"Pure Land"
]
} | What is characterized by the deep truts in the" other- power" of [MASK] | [
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56d1f453e7d4791d009025be | Buddhism |
The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orienta... | What is perhaps the most faith-oriented for of Buddhism? | {
"answer_start": [
146
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"text": [
"Pure Land"
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} | What is perhaps the most faith- oriented for of [MASK]? | [
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56d1f453e7d4791d009025bf | Buddhism |
The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orienta... | What Buddha vowed to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering? | {
"answer_start": [
229
],
"text": [
"Amitabha"
]
} | What [MASK] vowed to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering? | [
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56d1f5e8e7d4791d009025c3 | Buddhism | Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the know... | Who is believed to have achieved enlightenment first? | {
"answer_start": [
18
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"text": [
"Gautama Buddha"
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} | Who is believed to have achieved enlightenment [MASK]? | [
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56d1f5e8e7d4791d009025c4 | Buddhism | Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the know... | What is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"A Buddha era"
]
} | What is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha? | [
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56d1f5e8e7d4791d009025c5 | Buddhism | Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the know... | Who is the Buddha of this Buddha era? | {
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"Gautama Buddha"
]
} | Who is the [MASK] of this [MASK] era? | [
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56d1f5e8e7d4791d009025c6 | Buddhism | Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the know... | Who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas? | {
"answer_start": [
18
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"text": [
"Gautama Buddha"
]
} | Who taught directly or indirectly to all other [MASK]? | [
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56d1f685e7d4791d009025cb | Buddhism | In addition, Mahayana Buddhists believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes. A Theravada commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element, and not at all in others. The understandings of this matter reflect widely differing interpretations of basic terms, such as "world realm", ... | Who believes there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes? | {
"answer_start": [
13
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"text": [
"Mahayana Buddhists"
]
} | Who believes there are innumerable other [MASK] in other universes? | [
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56d1f685e7d4791d009025cc | Buddhism | In addition, Mahayana Buddhists believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes. A Theravada commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element, and not at all in others. The understandings of this matter reflect widely differing interpretations of basic terms, such as "world realm", ... | What buddhist belief says that Buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras? | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"Theravada"
]
} | What [MASK] belief says that [MASK] come [MASK] at a time and not within other eras? | [
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56d1f878e7d4791d009025cf | Buddhism | The idea of the decline and gradual disappearance of the teaching has been influential in East Asian Buddhism. Pure Land Buddhism holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path, so it may be best to rely on the power of Amitābha. | What form of Buddhism has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path? | {
"answer_start": [
111
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"text": [
"Pure Land"
]
} | What form of [MASK] has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path? | [
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56d1fc6ae7d4791d009025d1 | Buddhism | Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primaril... | What does Bodhisattva mean? | {
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"enlightenment being"
]
} | What does [MASK] mean? | [
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56d1fc6ae7d4791d009025d2 | Buddhism | Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primaril... | What is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all beings? | {
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"bodhicitta"
]
} | What is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all beings? | [
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56d1fd7ee7d4791d009025d6 | Buddhism | According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna "Bodhisattva Vehicle." The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva: "Because he has enlightenment as h... | What term means "great vehicle"? | {
"answer_start": [
206
],
"text": [
"Mahayana"
]
} | What term means "great vehicle"? | [
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The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orienta... | There are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance." The term "Christian" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a prov... | Mahayana | 6,674 |
56d1fd7ee7d4791d009025d7 | Buddhism | According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna "Bodhisattva Vehicle." The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva: "Because he has enlightenment as h... | What is an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayana? | {
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The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orienta... | Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami. | Mahayana | 6,675 |
56d1fd7ee7d4791d009025d8 | Buddhism | According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna "Bodhisattva Vehicle." The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva: "Because he has enlightenment as h... | The Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra is an important text of what type? | {
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The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orienta... | Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the cr... | Mahayana | 6,676 |
56d1fe20e7d4791d009025dc | Buddhism | Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā. | What buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas? | {
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56d1fe20e7d4791d009025dd | Buddhism | Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā. | What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas? | {
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77
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56d1fe20e7d4791d009025de | Buddhism | Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā. | What are the six perfections under Mahayana teachings? | {
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"dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā"
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} | What are the [MASK] perfections under [MASK] teachings? | [
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0.0192733798176050... | After World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language. | Initially, prajñā is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's t... | In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous. | dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā | 6,679 |
56d20c26e7d4791d0090262c | Buddhism | A famous saying by the 8th-century Indian Buddhist scholar-saint Shantideva, which the 14th Dalai Lama often cites as his favourite verse, summarizes the Bodhisattva's intention (Bodhicitta) as follows: "For as long as space endures, and for as long as living beings remain, until then may I too abide to dispel the mise... | Which Dalai Lama cites Shantideva's famous saying? | {
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83
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56d20c93e7d4791d0090262f | Buddhism | Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists. Devotional practices include bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting. In Pure Land Buddhism, devotion to the Buddha Amitabha is the main practice. In Nichiren Buddhism, devotion to the Lotus Sutra is the main practice. | Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what? | {
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"Buddhists"
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} | Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what? | [
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56d20c93e7d4791d00902630 | Buddhism | Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists. Devotional practices include bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting. In Pure Land Buddhism, devotion to the Buddha Amitabha is the main practice. In Nichiren Buddhism, devotion to the Lotus Sutra is the main practice. | What are the devotional practices? | {
"answer_start": [
94
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"text": [
"bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting"
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} | What are the devotional practices? | [
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56d20db9e7d4791d00902635 | Buddhism | Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The diffe... | Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption? | {
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56d20db9e7d4791d00902636 | Buddhism | Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The diffe... | The most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who? | {
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"text": [
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56d20db9e7d4791d00902637 | Buddhism | Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The diffe... | The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant? | {
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} | The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant? | [
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56d20db9e7d4791d00902638 | Buddhism | Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The diffe... | According to the Buddha event he highest meditative state is not what? | {
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56d2124ce7d4791d0090263d | Buddhism | Meditation was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha. The Buddha built upon the yogis' concern with introspection and developed their meditative techniques, but rejected their theories of liberation. In Buddhism, mindfulness and clear awareness are to be developed at all times; in... | Meditation was an aspect of the practice of who? | {
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44
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"text": [
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56d2124ce7d4791d0090263e | Buddhism | Meditation was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha. The Buddha built upon the yogis' concern with introspection and developed their meditative techniques, but rejected their theories of liberation. In Buddhism, mindfulness and clear awareness are to be developed at all times; in... | In Buddhism, what must be developed at all times? | {
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252
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"text": [
"mindfulness and clear awareness"
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56d21aa5e7d4791d00902643 | Buddhism | Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of "meditation" coupled with the perfection of "discipline" (Pali sīla; Skt. śīla). Some... | Religious knowledge is also known as what? | {
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24
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"vision"
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56d21aa5e7d4791d00902644 | Buddhism | Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of "meditation" coupled with the perfection of "discipline" (Pali sīla; Skt. śīla). Some... | What type of techniques were shared with other traditions of his day? | {
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337
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"meditative"
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56d21aa5e7d4791d00902645 | Buddhism | Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of "meditation" coupled with the perfection of "discipline" (Pali sīla; Skt. śīla). Some... | There is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what? | {
"answer_start": [
473
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"text": [
"transcendent wisdom"
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} | There is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what? | [
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56d21b46e7d4791d00902649 | Buddhism | The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liber... | What are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques? | {
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} | What are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques? | [
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56d21b46e7d4791d0090264a | Buddhism | The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liber... | What describes meditative states exising before the Buddha? | {
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4
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"Buddhist texts"
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} | What describes meditative states exising before the [MASK]? | [
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56d21b46e7d4791d0090264b | Buddhism | The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liber... | What two items were written after the rise of Buddhism? | {
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210
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"Upanishads"
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} | What [MASK] items were written after the rise of [MASK]? | [
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56d21c3ae7d4791d0090264f | Buddhism | While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the Buddha as record... | In pre-buddhist early Brahminic texts there is no evidence for what? | {
"answer_start": [
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"meditation"
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} | In pre - buddhist early [MASK] texts there is no evidence for what? | [
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56d21c3ae7d4791d00902651 | Buddhism | While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the Buddha as record... | The upanishads statements reflect what type of tradition? | {
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479
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"contemplative"
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} | The [MASK] statements reflect what type of tradition? | [
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56d21c3ae7d4791d00902652 | Buddhism | While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the Buddha as record... | What contains evidence for a contemplative tradition? | {
"answer_start": [
523
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"text": [
"Nasadiya Sukta"
]
} | What contains evidence for a contemplative tradition? | [
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56d21d1fe7d4791d00902657 | Buddhism | Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most... | What is the first step in a school of Buddhism? | {
"answer_start": [
81
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"text": [
"the Three Jewels"
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} | What is the [MASK] step in a school of [MASK]? | [
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56d21d1fe7d4791d00902658 | Buddhism | Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most... | What mentions taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children? | {
"answer_start": [
285
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"text": [
"Majjhima Nikaya"
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} | What mentions taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children? | [
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0.027670072... | The Slavic autonym is reconstructed in Proto-Slavic as *Slověninъ, plural *Slověne. The oldest documents written in Old Church Slavonic and dating from the 9th century attest Словѣне Slověne to describe the Slavs. Other early Slavic attestations include Old East Slavic Словѣнѣ Slověně for "an East Slavic group near Nov... | Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the ... | Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primaril... | Majjhima Nikaya | 6,699 |
56d21d1fe7d4791d00902659 | Buddhism | Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most... | What type of Buddhism adds a fourth refuge? | {
"answer_start": [
369
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"text": [
"Tibetan"
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} | What type of [MASK] adds a [MASK] refuge? | [
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56d21d1fe7d4791d0090265a | Buddhism | Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most... | The Three Jewels are preceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging what? | {
"answer_start": [
915
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"text": [
"essence."
]
} | The [MASK] Jewels are preceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging what? | [
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56d21d1fe7d4791d0090265b | Buddhism | Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most... | What has an irreversable effect? | {
"answer_start": [
699
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"text": [
"The Three Jewels"
]
} | What has an irreversable effect? | [
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0.097326107... | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the ... | Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā. | The Three Jewels | 6,702 |
56d21dcce7d4791d00902661 | Buddhism | According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha and providing further examples tha... | Who presented himself as a model? | {
"answer_start": [
29
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"text": [
"Gautama Buddha"
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} | Who presented himself as a model? | [
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56d21dcce7d4791d00902662 | Buddhism | According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha and providing further examples tha... | What offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering? | {
"answer_start": [
78
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"text": [
"Dharma"
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} | What offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering? | [
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56d21dcce7d4791d00902663 | Buddhism | According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha and providing further examples tha... | What provides refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha? | {
"answer_start": [
193
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"text": [
"Sangha"
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} | What provides refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the [MASK]? | [
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56d21fd7e7d4791d00902672 | Buddhism | Śīla (Sanskrit) or sīla (Pāli) is usually translated into English as "virtuous behavior", "morality", "moral discipline", "ethics" or "precept". It is an action committed through the body, speech, or mind, and involves an intentional effort. It is one of the three practices (sīla, samādhi, and paññā) and the second pār... | What is an action committed through the body and involves intentional effort? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Śīla"
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} | What is an action committed through the body and involves intentional effort? | [
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56d21fd7e7d4791d00902673 | Buddhism | Śīla (Sanskrit) or sīla (Pāli) is usually translated into English as "virtuous behavior", "morality", "moral discipline", "ethics" or "precept". It is an action committed through the body, speech, or mind, and involves an intentional effort. It is one of the three practices (sīla, samādhi, and paññā) and the second pār... | Sila is the second what? | {
"answer_start": [
317
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"text": [
"pāramitā"
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} | [MASK] is the [MASK] what? | [
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0.246067732... | All of these traditions, including festivals, martial arts, dress, literature, sport and games such as Shax, have immensely contributed to the enrichment of Somali heritage. | Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jhāna, Sanskrit ध्यान dhyāna), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassanā) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release from all suffering. The cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration, which is ... | In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are see... | pāramitā | 6,707 |
56d2207ee7d4791d0090268d | Buddhism | Śīla is the foundation of Samādhi/Bhāvana (Meditative cultivation) or mind cultivation. Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the Law of Karma, keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts as cau... | What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance? | {
"answer_start": [
266
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"text": [
"keeping the precepts"
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} | What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the [MASK] realms of existance? | [
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0.4650896489620... | The soft AC format may soon be facing the demographic pressures that the jazz and big band formats faced in the 1960s and 1970s and that the oldies format is starting to face today, with the result that one may hear soft AC less on over-the-air radio and more on satellite radio systems in coming years. Much of the musi... | Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea, which is expanded to one's body, mind and entire surroundings, leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility (jhāna). There are many variations in the style of meditation, from sitting cross-legged or kneeling to chanting or walking. The mos... | Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means "awakening", but it is more commonly translated into English as "enlightenment". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to des... | keeping the precepts | 6,708 |
56d2207ee7d4791d0090268e | Buddhism | Śīla is the foundation of Samādhi/Bhāvana (Meditative cultivation) or mind cultivation. Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the Law of Karma, keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts as cau... | What is the foundation of Samadhi/Bhavana? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Śīla"
]
} | What is the foundation of Samadhi/Bhavana? | [
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0.232297420501... | The Cubs successfully defended their National League Central title in 2008, going to the postseason in consecutive years for the first time since 1906–08. The offseason was dominated by three months of unsuccessful trade talks with the Orioles involving 2B Brian Roberts, as well as the signing of Chunichi Dragons star ... | Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea, which is expanded to one's body, mind and entire surroundings, leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility (jhāna). There are many variations in the style of meditation, from sitting cross-legged or kneeling to chanting or walking. The mos... | Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most... | Śīla | 6,709 |
56d2207ee7d4791d0090268f | Buddhism | Śīla is the foundation of Samādhi/Bhāvana (Meditative cultivation) or mind cultivation. Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the Law of Karma, keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts as cau... | What promotes not only the peace of mind but also peace in the community? | {
"answer_start": [
266
],
"text": [
"keeping the precepts"
]
} | What promotes not only the peace of mind but also peace in the community? | [
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-0.0762733444... | The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in t... | Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea, which is expanded to one's body, mind and entire surroundings, leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility (jhāna). There are many variations in the style of meditation, from sitting cross-legged or kneeling to chanting or walking. The mos... | Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of "meditation" coupled with the perfection of "discipline" (Pali sīla; Skt. śīla). Some... | keeping the precepts | 6,710 |
56d2392cb329da140004ec14 | Buddhism | Śīla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of sīla, which correspond to "basic morality" (five precepts), "basic morality with asceticism" (eight precepts), "novice monkhood" (ten precepts) and "monkhood" (Vinaya or Patimokkha). Lay people generally undertake to live by the five pre... | What does sila refer to? | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"overall principles of ethical behavior"
]
} | What does [MASK] refer to? | [
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0.2202581763... | Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd in the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily in order to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought. | Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primaril... | Samkhya philosophy includes a theory of gunas (qualities, innate tendencies, psyche). Guna, it states, are of three types: Sattva being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; Rajas guna is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good or bad; and Tamas being the quality of darkn... | overall principles of ethical behavior | 6,711 |
56d2392cb329da140004ec15 | Buddhism | Śīla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of sīla, which correspond to "basic morality" (five precepts), "basic morality with asceticism" (eight precepts), "novice monkhood" (ten precepts) and "monkhood" (Vinaya or Patimokkha). Lay people generally undertake to live by the five pre... | Lay people tend to live by the five what? | {
"answer_start": [
132
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"text": [
"precepts"
]
} | Lay people tend to live by the [MASK] what? | [
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56d2392cb329da140004ec17 | Buddhism | Śīla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of sīla, which correspond to "basic morality" (five precepts), "basic morality with asceticism" (eight precepts), "novice monkhood" (ten precepts) and "monkhood" (Vinaya or Patimokkha). Lay people generally undertake to live by the five pre... | Schools can undertake eight precepts, which add basic what? | {
"answer_start": [
448
],
"text": [
"asceticism."
]
} | Schools can undertake [MASK] precepts, which add basic what? | [
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56d23abcb329da140004ec26 | Buddhism | The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely, even if there is no furt... | Precepts are not created as imperatives, but as what? | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"training rules"
]
} | Precepts are not created as imperatives, but as what? | [
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56d23abcb329da140004ec27 | Buddhism | The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely, even if there is no furt... | The cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness? | {
"answer_start": [
180
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"text": [
"ethical"
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} | The cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness? | [
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-0.0045166886... | Mieszko I of Poland (c. 935 – 25 May 992) established an elite knightly retinue from within his army, which he depended upon for success in uniting the Lekhitic tribes and preserving the unity of his state. Documented proof exists of Mieszko I's successors utilizing such a retinue, as well. | Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primaril... | The Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, R... | ethical | 6,715 |
56d23abcb329da140004ec28 | Buddhism | The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely, even if there is no furt... | Even if there is no further Buddhist practice, what heavens is still likely? | {
"answer_start": [
271
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"text": [
"lower"
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} | Even if there is no further [MASK] practice, what heavens is still likely? | [
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56d23b26b329da140004ec2e | Buddhism | In the eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy. The three additional precepts are: | Of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct? | {
"answer_start": [
27
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"text": [
"third"
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} | Of the [MASK] precepts which one is on sexual misconduct? | [
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56d23b26b329da140004ec2f | Buddhism | In the eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy. The three additional precepts are: | What is the third strict precept on sexual misconduct? | {
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95
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"a precept of celibacy"
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56d23c30b329da140004ec3c | Buddhism | The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods. For the complete list, the seventh precept is partitioned into two, and a tenth added: | How many precepts are on the list? | {
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56d23c30b329da140004ec3e | Buddhism | The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods. For the complete list, the seventh precept is partitioned into two, and a tenth added: | In the complete list of precepts, which one is partitioned into two? | {
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56d23cc4b329da140004ec42 | Buddhism | Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the ... | How many basic precepts are there for monastics? | {
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368
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56d23cc4b329da140004ec43 | Buddhism | Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the ... | What is the specific moral code for monks and nuns? | {
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56d23cc4b329da140004ec44 | Buddhism | Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the ... | How many rules dows the patimokkha have? | {
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56d23cc4b329da140004ec45 | Buddhism | Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the ... | What are the scriptures on vinaya called? | {
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167
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"vinayapitaka"
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} | What are the scriptures on vinaya called? | [
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56d23d72b329da140004ec4c | Buddhism | Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto thems... | Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what? | {
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} | Regarding the monastic rules, the [MASK] reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what? | [
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56d23d72b329da140004ec4d | Buddhism | Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto thems... | The rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what? | {
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"life"
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56d23d72b329da140004ec4e | Buddhism | Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto thems... | The rules are a perfect springboard for what? | {
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231
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"higher attainments"
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56d23d72b329da140004ec4f | Buddhism | Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto thems... | Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as what? | {
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302
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"islands unto themselves"
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} | Monastics are instructed by the [MASK] to live as what? | [
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56d23eaeb329da140004ec54 | Buddhism | In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged (see vegetarianism in Buddhism). In Jap... | Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra? | {
"answer_start": [
88
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"text": [
"Mahayana Brahmajala"
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} | Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra? | [
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56d23eaeb329da140004ec55 | Buddhism | In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged (see vegetarianism in Buddhism). In Jap... | Bodhisattvas are not encouraged to eat what? | {
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"meat"
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} | [MASK] are not encouraged to eat what? | [
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56d23eaeb329da140004ec57 | Buddhism | In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged (see vegetarianism in Buddhism). In Jap... | Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry? | {
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317
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"Japan"
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} | Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry? | [
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56d24042b329da140004ec6a | Buddhism | Buddhist meditation is fundamentally concerned with two themes: transforming the mind and using it to explore itself and other phenomena. According to Theravada Buddhism the Buddha taught two types of meditation, samatha meditation (Sanskrit: śamatha) and vipassanā meditation (Sanskrit: vipaśyanā). In Chinese Buddhism,... | In Chinese Buddhism what meditation is more popular? | {
"answer_start": [
367
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"text": [
"Zen"
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} | In [MASK] Buddhism what meditation is more popular? | [
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56d24042b329da140004ec6c | Buddhism | Buddhist meditation is fundamentally concerned with two themes: transforming the mind and using it to explore itself and other phenomena. According to Theravada Buddhism the Buddha taught two types of meditation, samatha meditation (Sanskrit: śamatha) and vipassanā meditation (Sanskrit: vipaśyanā). In Chinese Buddhism,... | Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what? | {
"answer_start": [
926
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"jhānas"
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56d240dbb329da140004ec76 | Buddhism | In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous. | What does the word samyaksamadhi mean? | {
"answer_start": [
63
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"right concentration"
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0.021171478554... | In March 2010, Sony Corp has partnered with The Michael Jackson Company with a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history. | Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primaril... | Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each real... | right concentration | 6,734 |
56d240dbb329da140004ec77 | Buddhism | In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous. | Meditation is the primary means of cultivating what? | {
"answer_start": [
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56d240dbb329da140004ec78 | Buddhism | In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous. | Upon development of samadhi, a person gets rid of what? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous"
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} | Upon development of [MASK], a person gets rid of what? | [
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56d2415fb329da140004ec7c | Buddhism | Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jhāna, Sanskrit ध्यान dhyāna), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassanā) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release from all suffering. The cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration, which is ... | What is powerful concentration called? | {
"answer_start": [
65
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"jhāna"
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} | What is powerful concentration called? | [
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56d2415fb329da140004ec7d | Buddhism | Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jhāna, Sanskrit ध्यान dhyāna), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassanā) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release from all suffering. The cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration, which is ... | What is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight? | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"vipassanā"
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} | What is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight? | [
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-0.0777236670255... | True exhibition games between opposing colleges at the highest level do not exist in college football; due to the importance of opinion polling in the top level of college football, even exhibition games would not truly be exhibitions because they could influence the opinions of those polled. Intramural games are possi... | Śīla is the foundation of Samādhi/Bhāvana (Meditative cultivation) or mind cultivation. Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the Law of Karma, keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts as cau... | According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in ... | vipassanā | 6,738 |
56d2415fb329da140004ec7e | Buddhism | Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jhāna, Sanskrit ध्यान dhyāna), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassanā) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release from all suffering. The cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration, which is ... | Mindfulness is essential to concentration, which is neede to achieve what? | {
"answer_start": [
136
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"text": [
"insight"
]
} | Mindfulness is essential to concentration, which is neede to achieve what? | [
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56d24217b329da140004ec8a | Buddhism | Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea, which is expanded to one's body, mind and entire surroundings, leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility (jhāna). There are many variations in the style of meditation, from sitting cross-legged or kneeling to chanting or walking. The mos... | Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or what? | {
"answer_start": [
61
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"text": [
"idea"
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} | [MASK] meditation starts from being mindful of an object or what? | [
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56d24217b329da140004ec8b | Buddhism | Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea, which is expanded to one's body, mind and entire surroundings, leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility (jhāna). There are many variations in the style of meditation, from sitting cross-legged or kneeling to chanting or walking. The mos... | What is the term for tranquility? | {
"answer_start": [
189
],
"text": [
"jhāna"
]
} | What is the term for tranquility? | [
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The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orienta... | jhāna | 6,741 |
56d2429fb329da140004ec92 | Buddhism | In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna). When one is in ... | In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"mind"
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} | In [MASK], samatha meditation can calm the what? | [
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56d2429fb329da140004ec93 | Buddhism | In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna). When one is in ... | Vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what? | {
"answer_start": [
136
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"disturbed"
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} | Vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what? | [
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56d2429fb329da140004ec94 | Buddhism | In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna). When one is in ... | What is the term for insight knowledge? | {
"answer_start": [
203
],
"text": [
"jñāna"
]
} | What is the term for insight knowledge? | [
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56d2429fb329da140004ec95 | Buddhism | In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna). When one is in ... | What is the term for understanding? | {
"answer_start": [
240
],
"text": [
"prajñā"
]
} | What is the term for understanding? | [
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