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56d2429fb329da140004ec96 | Buddhism | In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna). When one is in ... | What eradicates the defilements completely? | {
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"text": [
"understanding"
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0.3806491494... | Nominally, sovereignty lay in the emperor but in fact power was wielded by the Fujiwara nobility. However, to protect their interests in the provinces, the Fujiwara and other noble families required guards, police and soldiers. The warrior class made steady political gains throughout the Heian period. As early as 939 A... | Nirvana (Sanskrit; Pali: "Nibbāna") means "cessation", "extinction" (of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths (saṃsāra)), "extinguished", "quieted", "calmed"; it is also known as "Awakening" or "Enlightenment" in the West. The term for anybody who has achieved nirvana, incl... | The idea of the decline and gradual disappearance of the teaching has been influential in East Asian Buddhism. Pure Land Buddhism holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path, so it may be best to rely on the power of Amitābha. | understanding | 6,746 |
56d244ddb329da140004ecb0 | Buddhism | In Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress. To be... | In Theravada Buddhism, what is the cause of human existence and suffering? | {
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0.3752191364... | Phonology is often distinguished from phonetics. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning. For many linguists, phonetics belongs to descriptive... | Although "Nibbāna" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35] | The term parinirvana is also encountered in Buddhism, and this generally refers to the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at the moment of death, when the physical body expires. | craving | 6,747 |
56d244ddb329da140004ecb1 | Buddhism | In Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress. To be... | What does craving carry with it? | {
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"defilements"
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56d244ddb329da140004ecb3 | Buddhism | In Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress. To be... | Deeply rooted afflictions of the mind create what? | {
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} | Deeply rooted afflictions of the mind create what? | [
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56d244ddb329da140004ecb4 | Buddhism | In Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress. To be... | What is the ultimate goal for Theravadins? | {
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-0.029659783467... | Adolescence is a period frequently marked by increased rights and privileges for individuals. While cultural variation exists for legal rights and their corresponding ages, considerable consistency is found across cultures. Furthermore, since the advent of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 (children her... | The teachings on the Four Noble Truths are regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought. These four truths explain the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome. The four truths are:[note 4] | In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāp... | Nibbāna | 6,750 |
56d24619b329da140004ecbf | Buddhism | Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its reve... | How many Noble Truths are there? | {
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0.151025816798... | In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers. In 2015 city councillor Hasan Küçük of The Hague called for dog ownership to be made illegal in that city. Islamic activists in Lérida, Spain, lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods, saying their presence violated Muslims' reli... | The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into English as "dependent... | In Indian philosophy, Yoga is among other things, the name of one of the six āstika philosophical schools. The Yoga philosophical system is closely allied with the dualism premises of Samkhya school. The Yoga school accepts the Samkhya psychology and metaphysics, but is considered theistic because it accepts the concep... | Four | 6,751 |
56d24619b329da140004ecc0 | Buddhism | Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its reve... | Prajna is the wisom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what? | {
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0.15766970813274... | BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts are in DVB-compliant MPEG-2, with the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films, although these are only accessible with a Sky+ box. Sky+ HD material is broadcast using MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 st... | The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into English as "dependent... | In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous. | bodhi | 6,752 |
56d24619b329da140004ecc1 | Buddhism | Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its reve... | What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
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} | What is listed as the [MASK] of the [MASK] paramitas of the mahayana? | [
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56d246e7b329da140004ecce | Buddhism | Initially, prajñā is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's t... | Initially prajna is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to what? | {
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56d246e7b329da140004eccf | Buddhism | Initially, prajñā is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's t... | In theory when can one attain Nirvana during practice? | {
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394
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"text": [
"at any point"
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56d246e7b329da140004ecd0 | Buddhism | Initially, prajñā is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's t... | What can be applied to daily life once it is attained? | {
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56d24773b329da140004ecd4 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning "meditation") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other ... | Zen Buddhism is known as what in Korea? | {
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56d24773b329da140004ecd5 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning "meditation") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other ... | What form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation? | {
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56d24773b329da140004ecd6 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning "meditation") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other ... | What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures? | {
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56d24773b329da140004ecd7 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning "meditation") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other ... | Zen focuses on what type of breakthroughs? | {
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0.053862281... | Since the election riots, the government and civil society organisations started programmes to avoid similar disasters in the future, said Agnes R. M. Aboum – executive director of TAABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi – in the magazine D+C Development and Cooperation. For example, the Truth, Justice a... | In Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama. A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku. | Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice. | spiritual | 6,760 |
56d2485bb329da140004ece0 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhism is divided into two main schools: Rinzai (臨済宗) and Sōtō (曹洞宗), the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan (公案, a meditative riddle or puzzle) as a device for spiritual break-through, and the latter (while certainly employing koans) focusing more on shikantaza or "just sitting".[note 13] | Zen Buddhism is divided into how many main schools? | {
"answer_start": [
29
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"text": [
"two"
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56d2485bb329da140004ece2 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhism is divided into two main schools: Rinzai (臨済宗) and Sōtō (曹洞宗), the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan (公案, a meditative riddle or puzzle) as a device for spiritual break-through, and the latter (while certainly employing koans) focusing more on shikantaza or "just sitting".[note 13] | Which schools of Zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs? | {
"answer_start": [
47
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"text": [
"Rinzai"
]
} | Which schools of Zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs? | [
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56d249a4b329da140004ecf1 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little "I" are transcend... | What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"Zen"
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56d249a4b329da140004ecf3 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little "I" are transcend... | What type of self is equated with the Buddha? | {
"answer_start": [
143
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"text": [
"True Self"
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} | What type of self is equated with the [MASK]? | [
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56d249a4b329da140004ecf4 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little "I" are transcend... | What is not allowed to confine and bind oneself? | {
"answer_start": [
615
],
"text": [
"Thinking and thought"
]
} | What is not allowed to confine and bind oneself? | [
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56d24a6fb329da140004ecfd | Buddhism | Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical technique... | What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on? | {
"answer_start": [
18
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"text": [
"Mahayana"
]
} | What type of [MASK] is [MASK] based on? | [
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0.168068915605... | According to the same statistics, the average age of people living in Newcastle is 37.8 (the national average being 38.6). Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish ancestors. There is a strong presence of Border Reiver surnames, such as Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Hall, Nixon, Little and Robson.... | Not all traditions of Buddhism share the same philosophical outlook, or treat the same concepts as central. Each tradition, however, does have its own core concepts, and some comparisons can be drawn between them. For example, according to one Buddhist ecumenical organization,[web 23] several concepts common to both ma... | There is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the "Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mahāyāna ne... | Mahayana | 6,766 |
56d24a6fb329da140004ecfe | Buddhism | Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical technique... | What is the English term for Vajrayana? | {
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"Diamond Vehicle"
]
} | What is the [MASK] term for Vajrayana? | [
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56d24a6fb329da140004ecff | Buddhism | Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical technique... | What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"Tantric"
]
} | What type of [MASK] is concerned with ritual and meditative practices? | [
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56d24a6fb329da140004ed00 | Buddhism | Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical technique... | Psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what? | {
"answer_start": [
291
],
"text": [
"ritual"
]
} | Psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what? | [
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56d24b65b329da140004ed11 | Buddhism | Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by numerous new asc... | What time period was the beginning of Buddhism? | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"second half of the first millennium BCE"
]
} | What time period was the beginning of [MASK]? | [
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56d24b65b329da140004ed12 | Buddhism | Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by numerous new asc... | Scholars believe that karma originated in what? | {
"answer_start": [
788
],
"text": [
"the shramanas"
]
} | Scholars believe that karma originated in what? | [
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56d24b65b329da140004ed13 | Buddhism | Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by numerous new asc... | What groups broke with Brahmanic tradition? | {
"answer_start": [
523
],
"text": [
"shramanas"
]
} | What groups broke with [MASK] tradition? | [
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56d24b65b329da140004ed14 | Buddhism | Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by numerous new asc... | Shramanas were a continuation of what type of trand of Indian thought? | {
"answer_start": [
559
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"text": [
"non-Vedic"
]
} | [MASK] were a continuation of what type of trand of [MASK] thought? | [
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56d24c8bb329da140004ed19 | Buddhism | This view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Vedic. Other Vedic t... | Buddhism arose in what area? | {
"answer_start": [
98
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"text": [
"Greater Magadha"
]
} | Buddhism arose in what area? | [
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56d24c8bb329da140004ed1a | Buddhism | This view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Vedic. Other Vedic t... | Greater magadha stretched from Sravasti in the north-west to what area in the south-east? | {
"answer_start": [
190
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"text": [
"Rajagrha"
]
} | Greater [MASK] stretched from [MASK] in the north- west to what area in the south- east? | [
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0.04690872... | Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the l... | Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-... | Buddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarged Maurya empire a... | Rajagrha | 6,775 |
56d24c8bb329da140004ed1b | Buddhism | This view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Vedic. Other Vedic t... | What time period did the eastward spread of Brahmanism start? | {
"answer_start": [
477
],
"text": [
"2nd or 3rd centuries"
]
} | What time period did the eastward spread of [MASK] start? | [
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56d24e17b329da140004ed33 | Buddhism | At the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (su... | Movements were influenced by philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition such as what? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"in the Upanishads"
]
} | Movements were influenced by philosophical thought within the [MASK] tradition such as what? | [
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0.0188753... | In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury. A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member. The Magic Tour's highlight was at Wembley Stadium in London and resulted in the live double album, Queen at W... | Generally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: "Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of these had their roots i... | The Vedānta school built upon the teachings of the Upanishads and Brahma Sutras from the first millennium BCE and is the most developed and well-known of the Hindu schools. The epistemology of the Vedantins included, depending on the sub-school, five or six methods as proper and reliable means of gaining any form of kn... | in the Upanishads | 6,777 |
56d24e17b329da140004ed34 | Buddhism | At the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (su... | The movement included atomists such as what? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"Pakudha Kaccayana"
]
} | The movement included atomists such as what? | [
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0.1870176643133... | The reemergence of Cubism coincided with the appearance from about 1917–24 of a coherent body of theoretical writing by Pierre Reverdy, Maurice Raynal and Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler and, among the artists, by Gris, Léger and Gleizes. The occasional return to classicism—figurative work either exclusively or alongside Cubis... | Generally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: "Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of these had their roots i... | The Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms were bei... | Pakudha Kaccayana | 6,778 |
56d24e17b329da140004ed36 | Buddhism | At the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (su... | What is the term for agnostics? | {
"answer_start": [
516
],
"text": [
"Ajnanas"
]
} | What is the term for agnostics? | [
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56d24e17b329da140004ed37 | Buddhism | At the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (su... | What movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter? | {
"answer_start": [
544
],
"text": [
"Jains"
]
} | What movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter? | [
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0.2152034044... | The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers. The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to ... | Generally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: "Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of these had their roots i... | According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in ... | Jains | 6,780 |
56d24f27b329da140004ed47 | Buddhism | A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic "hymn of the cosmic man". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by "Kashyapa" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eye... | A criticism the Buddha gave dealing with animals was? | {
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"Vedic animal sacrifice"
]
} | A criticism the [MASK] gave dealing with animals was? | [
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56d24f27b329da140004ed48 | Buddhism | A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic "hymn of the cosmic man". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by "Kashyapa" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eye... | The Buddha mocked what hymn of the Vedic? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"hymn of the cosmic man"
]
} | The [MASK] mocked what hymn of the [MASK]? | [
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0.14348284900... | Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. | The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute br... | The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer "new truths" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened peop... | hymn of the cosmic man | 6,782 |
56d24f27b329da140004ed49 | Buddhism | A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic "hymn of the cosmic man". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by "Kashyapa" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eye... | The original Veda of the rishis was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced what? | {
"answer_start": [
454
],
"text": [
"animal sacrifices"
]
} | The original [MASK] of the [MASK] was altered by a few [MASK] who introduced what? | [
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0.... | Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well-known pe... | The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute br... | According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in ... | animal sacrifices | 6,783 |
56d24f27b329da140004ed4a | Buddhism | A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic "hymn of the cosmic man". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by "Kashyapa" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eye... | The Buddha refused to pay respect to who, during their time of animal sacrifice? | {
"answer_start": [
575
],
"text": [
"Vedas"
]
} | The [MASK] refused to pay respect to who, during their time of animal sacrifice? | [
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56d25056b329da140004ed51 | Buddhism | Information of the oldest teachings may be obtained by analysis of the oldest texts. One method to obtain information on the oldest core of Buddhism is to compare the oldest extant versions of the Theravadin Pali Canon and other texts.[note 27] The reliability of these sources, and the possibility to draw out a core of... | What is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings? | {
"answer_start": [
245
],
"text": [
"The reliability"
]
} | What is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings? | [
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0.2607391178607940... | The Aeneid appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste Wicar's Virgil... | The teachings on the Four Noble Truths are regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought. These four truths explain the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome. The four truths are:[note 4] | Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught someth... | The reliability | 6,785 |
56d25b1c59d6e41400145eea | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight... | A large problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"insight"
]
} | A large problem in the study of early [MASK] is the relationship of dhyana and what else? | [
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56d25b1c59d6e41400145eeb | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight... | Liberating insight is attained after mastering what? | {
"answer_start": [
361
],
"text": [
"Rupa Jhanas"
]
} | Liberating insight is attained after mastering what? | [
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56d25b1c59d6e41400145eec | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight... | Later edition of texts such as what has the Rupa Jhanas? | {
"answer_start": [
411
],
"text": [
"Majjhima Nikaya"
]
} | Later edition of texts such as what has the Rupa Jhanas? | [
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0.0467295... | The early port settlement of Plymouth, called "Sutton", approximates to the area now referred to as the Barbican and has 100 listed buildings and the largest concentration of cobbled streets in Britain. The Pilgrim Fathers left for the New World in 1620 near the commemorative Mayflower Steps in Sutton Pool. Also on Sut... | Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught someth... | Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the know... | Majjhima Nikaya | 6,788 |
56d25ee359d6e41400145f0c | Buddhism | Bruce Matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the Sutta Pitaka, which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early Buddhist soteriology. Schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest B... | According the Bronkhorst, intentions and desire are responsible for what? | {
"answer_start": [
299
],
"text": [
"rebirth"
]
} | According the [MASK], intentions and desire are responsible for what? | [
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56d25ee359d6e41400145f0d | Buddhism | Bruce Matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the Sutta Pitaka, which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early Buddhist soteriology. Schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest B... | Bronkhurst says that Buddha had a view of 'what' much different then current day? | {
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56d25f6e59d6e41400145f14 | Buddhism | According to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhyāna. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that "the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices." Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberation was a ... | What was the earliest Buddhism type? | {
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56d25f6e59d6e41400145f15 | Buddhism | According to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhyāna. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that "the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices." Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberation was a ... | Buddha's way to release was by means of what type of practices? | {
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56d2600c59d6e41400145f18 | Buddhism | According to the Mahāsaccakasutta,[note 33] from the fourth jhana the Buddha gained bodhi. Yet, it is not clear what he was awakened to.[page needed] "Liberating insight" is a later addition to this text, and reflects a later development and understanding in early Buddhism.[page needed][page needed] The mentioning of t... | From which jhana did Buddha gain bodhi? | {
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53
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56d2600c59d6e41400145f19 | Buddhism | According to the Mahāsaccakasutta,[note 33] from the fourth jhana the Buddha gained bodhi. Yet, it is not clear what he was awakened to.[page needed] "Liberating insight" is a later addition to this text, and reflects a later development and understanding in early Buddhism.[page needed][page needed] The mentioning of t... | A logic problem arises when noting that the four truths constitute what? | {
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352
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"liberating insight"
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56d2600c59d6e41400145f1a | Buddhism | According to the Mahāsaccakasutta,[note 33] from the fourth jhana the Buddha gained bodhi. Yet, it is not clear what he was awakened to.[page needed] "Liberating insight" is a later addition to this text, and reflects a later development and understanding in early Buddhism.[page needed][page needed] The mentioning of t... | The four truths depict what type of path of practice? | {
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56d2606959d6e41400145f1e | Buddhism | Although "Nibbāna" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35] | What is the Sanskrit form of Nibbana? | {
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30
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"Nirvāna"
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} | What is the [MASK] form of [MASK]? | [
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0.1137952730... | About 20% of pupils at Eton receive financial support, through a range of bursaries and scholarships. The recent Head Master, Tony Little, said that Eton is developing plans to allow any boy to attend the school whatever his parents' income and, in 2011, said that around 250 boys received "significant" financial help f... | In Theravada doctrine, a person may awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by directly realizing the true nature of reality; such people are called arahants and occasionally buddhas. After numerous lifetimes of spiritual striving, they have reached the end of the cycle of rebirth, no longer reincarnating as human, animal... | Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primaril... | Nirvāna | 6,796 |
56d2606959d6e41400145f1f | Buddhism | Although "Nibbāna" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35] | Many terms for Nibbana can be found throughout the what? | {
"answer_start": [
142
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"Nikayas"
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} | Many terms for [MASK] can be found throughout the what? | [
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56d2606959d6e41400145f20 | Buddhism | Although "Nibbāna" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35] | The desired goal for buddhism is what? | {
"answer_start": [
30
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"Nirvāna"
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} | The desired goal for buddhism is what? | [
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56d260ee59d6e41400145f2c | Buddhism | According to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term "the middle way". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path. | A description of the Buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term? | {
"answer_start": [
105
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"text": [
"the middle way"
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} | A description of the [MASK] path may have been as simplistic as what term? | [
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56d260ee59d6e41400145f2d | Buddhism | According to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term "the middle way". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path. | The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path? | {
"answer_start": [
206
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"text": [
"eightfold"
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} | The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path? | [
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56d2641d59d6e41400145f52 | Buddhism | According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in ... | Authors Bronkhorst and Anderson claim the four truths bacame a substitution for what? | {
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85
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"prajna"
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} | Authors [MASK] and [MASK] claim the [MASK] truths bacame a substitution for what? | [
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56d2641d59d6e41400145f53 | Buddhism | According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in ... | What is prajna called in english? | {
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"liberating insight"
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56d2641d59d6e41400145f54 | Buddhism | According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in ... | Gotamas teachings may have been personal and adjusted to the need of each what? | {
"answer_start": [
413
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"person"
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56d2647159d6e41400145f58 | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | How many marks of existence reflect Upanishadic influences? | {
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56d2652a59d6e41400145f5a | Buddhism | The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism). | The periods of Buddhisma in India is divided into how many periods? | {
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51
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"five"
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56d2652a59d6e41400145f5b | Buddhism | The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism). | What is the first period of Buddhism called? | {
"answer_start": [
65
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"text": [
"Early Buddhism"
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56d2652a59d6e41400145f5c | Buddhism | The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism). | What is another name for Nikaya buddhism? | {
"answer_start": [
145
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"text": [
"Sectarian"
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} | What is another name for [MASK] buddhism? | [
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56d2652a59d6e41400145f5d | Buddhism | The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism). | What is the last period of Buddhism? | {
"answer_start": [
261
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"text": [
"Esoteric Buddhism"
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} | What is the last period of [MASK]? | [
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56d2652a59d6e41400145f5e | Buddhism | The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism). | What is Esoteric Buddhism also called? | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"Vajrayana"
]
} | What is [MASK] also called? | [
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56d265eb59d6e41400145f6a | Buddhism | Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught someth... | Was is the earliest phase of buddhism? | {
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"Pre-sectarian"
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56d265eb59d6e41400145f6c | Buddhism | Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught someth... | Gautama Buddha most likely taught the idea of Karma and what? | {
"answer_start": [
419
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"rebirth"
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56d265eb59d6e41400145f6d | Buddhism | Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught someth... | Gautama buddha taught what Path concept? | {
"answer_start": [
455
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"text": [
"Noble Eightfold"
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} | [MASK] taught what Path concept? | [
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56d2675b59d6e41400145f72 | Buddhism | According to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: "highest extinguishment") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the teachings to ensure... | Soon after the parinirvana of Gautama Buddha, what type of council was held? | {
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56d2675b59d6e41400145f73 | Buddhism | According to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: "highest extinguishment") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the teachings to ensure... | Who was cousin of the Buddha? | {
"answer_start": [
389
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"text": [
"Ānanda"
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} | Who was cousin of the [MASK]? | [
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56d2675b59d6e41400145f74 | Buddhism | According to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: "highest extinguishment") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the teachings to ensure... | What are the discourses of the Buddha called? | {
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490
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"sūtras"
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} | What are the discourses of the [MASK] called? | [
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56d2675b59d6e41400145f75 | Buddhism | According to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: "highest extinguishment") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the teachings to ensure... | Some sources say that discourse of who else were recited along with Buddha's? | {
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562
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"text": [
"abhidhamma"
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} | Some sources say that discourse of who else were recited along with [MASK] 's? | [
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56d267f859d6e41400145f7c | Buddhism | According to most scholars, at some period after the Second Council the Sangha began to break into separate factions.[note 37] The various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred. According to the Dipavamsa of the Pāli tradition, they started immediately after the Second Council, the Puggalavada traditio... | The Sangha began to break into separte factions after what council? | {
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49
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"the Second"
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} | The [MASK] began to break into separte factions after what council? | [
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56d267f859d6e41400145f7d | Buddhism | According to most scholars, at some period after the Second Council the Sangha began to break into separate factions.[note 37] The various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred. According to the Dipavamsa of the Pāli tradition, they started immediately after the Second Council, the Puggalavada traditio... | According to the Dipavamsa they started immediately after what council? | {
"answer_start": [
49
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"the Second Council"
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} | According to the [MASK] they started immediately after what council? | [
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56d267f859d6e41400145f7e | Buddhism | According to most scholars, at some period after the Second Council the Sangha began to break into separate factions.[note 37] The various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred. According to the Dipavamsa of the Pāli tradition, they started immediately after the Second Council, the Puggalavada traditio... | The Mahasanghika places the breakup at what time? | {
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477
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"100 BCE"
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} | The [MASK] places the breakup at what time? | [
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0.131872937083... | Schwarzenegger met his next paramour, Sue Moray, a Beverly Hills hairdresser's assistant, on Venice Beach in July 1977. According to Moray, the couple led an open relationship: "We were faithful when we were both in LA … but when he was out of town, we were free to do whatever we wanted." Schwarzenegger met Maria Shriv... | By the late Middle Ages, Buddhism had become virtually extinct in India, although it continued to exist in surrounding countries. It is now again gaining strength worldwide. China and India are now starting to fund Buddhist shrines in various Asian countries as they compete for influence in the region.[web 20] | This period marks the first known spread of Buddhism beyond India. According to the edicts of Aśoka, emissaries were sent to various countries west of India to spread Buddhism (Dharma), particularly in eastern provinces of the neighboring Seleucid Empire, and even farther to Hellenistic kingdoms of the Mediterranean. I... | 100 BCE | 6,819 |
56d2693359d6e41400145f8e | Buddhism | The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute br... | The major schism was between the Sthaviras and what other group? | {
"answer_start": [
390
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"text": [
"Mahasanghikas"
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} | The major schism was between the [MASK] and what other group? | [
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56d2693359d6e41400145f8f | Buddhism | The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute br... | The Dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what? | {
"answer_start": [
355
],
"text": [
"Mahasanghika"
]
} | The [MASK] says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what? | [
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56d2693359d6e41400145f90 | Buddhism | The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute br... | The Mahasanghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand what? | {
"answer_start": [
530
],
"text": [
"the vinaya"
]
} | The [MASK] argued that the [MASK] were trying to expand what? | [
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0.33544778... | Aonuma had anticipated creating a Zelda game for what would later be called the Wii, but had assumed that he would need to complete Twilight Princess first. His team began work developing a pointing-based interface for the bow and arrow, and Aonuma found that aiming directly at the screen gave the game a new feel, just... | Unlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered misleading, as Mahāy... | Increasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this movement. Shramana gave rise to... | the vinaya | 6,822 |
56d269b759d6e41400145f96 | Buddhism | The Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms were bei... | Who gave rise to the Theravada school? | {
"answer_start": [
4
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"text": [
"Sthaviras"
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} | Who gave rise to the [MASK] school? | [
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56d269b759d6e41400145f97 | Buddhism | The Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms were bei... | Monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same what? | {
"answer_start": [
243
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"text": [
"monasteries"
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} | Monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same what? | [
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56d269b759d6e41400145f98 | Buddhism | The Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms were bei... | By the latest at around 100 CE, schisms were being caused by what type of desagreements? | {
"answer_start": [
333
],
"text": [
"doctrinal"
]
} | By the latest at [MASK], schisms were being caused by what type of desagreements? | [
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0.4207306... | Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery. | According to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhyāna. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that "the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices." Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberation was a ... | A number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerged during the second half of the 20th Century, including the Dalit Buddhist movement (also sometimes called 'neo-Buddhism'), Engaged Buddhism, and the further development of various Western Buddhist traditions. | doctrinal | 6,825 |
56d26abd59d6e41400145fa2 | Buddhism | Following (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or numerical lists. Sc... | What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"Abhidharma"
]
} | What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called? | [
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56d26abd59d6e41400145fa3 | Buddhism | Following (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or numerical lists. Sc... | The abhidharma texts do not contain treatises, but what? | {
"answer_start": [
288
],
"text": [
"summaries or numerical lists"
]
} | The abhidharma texts do not contain treatises, but what? | [
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56d26abd59d6e41400145fa4 | Buddhism | Following (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or numerical lists. Sc... | The Abhidharma texts are from what time? | {
"answer_start": [
368
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"text": [
"3rd century BCE"
]
} | The Abhidharma texts are from what time? | [
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0.0500607... | No archaeological evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today′s city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far. In antiquity, a Celtic oppidum stood on the Engehalbinsel (peninsula) north of Bern, fortified since the 2nd century BC (late La Tène period), thought to be one of the twelve oppida... | The best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the scheme of Twelve Nidānas (from Pāli "nidāna" meaning "cause, foundation, source or origin"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.[note 10] | The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liber... | 3rd century BCE | 6,828 |
56d26abd59d6e41400145fa5 | Buddhism | Following (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or numerical lists. Sc... | There is a disagreement on whether a school had an Abhidhamma or not, which school is it? | {
"answer_start": [
804
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"text": [
"Mahasanghika"
]
} | There is a disagreement on whether a school had an [MASK] or not, which school is it? | [
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0.00704559776932... | Another major way to distinguish different memory functions is whether the content to be remembered is in the past, retrospective memory, or in the future, prospective memory. Thus, retrospective memory as a category includes semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory. In contrast, prospective memory is memory for ... | The best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the scheme of Twelve Nidānas (from Pāli "nidāna" meaning "cause, foundation, source or origin"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.[note 10] | Scholars have debated the relationship and differences within āstika philosophies and with nāstika philosophies, starting with the writings of Indologists and Orientalists of the 18th and 19th centuries, which were themselves derived from limited availability of Indian literature and medieval doxographies. The various ... | Mahasanghika | 6,829 |
56d26b3159d6e41400145faa | Buddhism | Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, which are among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras, developed among the Mahāsāṃghika along the Kṛṣṇa River in the Āndhra region of South India. | Which sutras are among the earliest Mahayana sutras? | {
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"Prajñāpāramitā"
]
} | Which sutras are among the earliest [MASK] sutras? | [
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56d26b3159d6e41400145fab | Buddhism | Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, which are among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras, developed among the Mahāsāṃghika along the Kṛṣṇa River in the Āndhra region of South India. | The Prajnaparamita sutras were developed along the krsna river in what region of South India? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"Āndhra"
]
} | The [MASK] sutras were developed along [MASK] in what region of [MASK]? | [
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56d26bde59d6e41400145fb4 | Buddhism | The earliest Mahāyāna sūtras to include the very first versions of the Prajñāpāramitā genre, along with texts concerning Akṣobhya Buddha, which were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India. Guang Xing states, "Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā probably developed among th... | The earliest Mahayana sutra include the very first version of what genre? | {
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"Prajñāpāramitā"
]
} | The earliest [MASK] sutra include the very [MASK] version of what genre? | [
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56d26bde59d6e41400145fb5 | Buddhism | The earliest Mahāyāna sūtras to include the very first versions of the Prajñāpāramitā genre, along with texts concerning Akṣobhya Buddha, which were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India. Guang Xing states, "Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā probably developed among th... | Texts concerning Aksobhya Buddha were written down in what century? | {
"answer_start": [
178
],
"text": [
"1st century BCE"
]
} | Texts concerning [MASK] were written down in what century? | [
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0.0482631... | The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and ma... | In ancient India, literature originated from stories that were originally orally transmitted. Early genres included drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry. Sanskrit literature begins with the Vedas, dating back to 1500–1000 BCE, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India. The Vedas are among the oldest sacr... | Mahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras. Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the later attainment of B... | 1st century BCE | 6,833 |
56d26bde59d6e41400145fb6 | Buddhism | The earliest Mahāyāna sūtras to include the very first versions of the Prajñāpāramitā genre, along with texts concerning Akṣobhya Buddha, which were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India. Guang Xing states, "Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā probably developed among th... | Author Warder believes that the Mahayana originated in the south of India in what area? | {
"answer_start": [
362
],
"text": [
"Āndhra"
]
} | Author [MASK] believes that the [MASK] originated in the south of [MASK] in what area? | [
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0.2785494... | By the mid-7th century, English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians. The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians. The tenure of Willibrordus is generally considered to be the beginning of the Bishopric of Utrecht. In 723, the Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortr... | In ancient India, literature originated from stories that were originally orally transmitted. Early genres included drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry. Sanskrit literature begins with the Vedas, dating back to 1500–1000 BCE, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India. The Vedas are among the oldest sacr... | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yo... | Āndhra | 6,834 |
56d26d7d59d6e41400145fc7 | Buddhism | Anthony Barber and Sree Padma note that "historians of Buddhist thought have been aware for quite some time that such pivotally important Mahayana Buddhist thinkers as Nāgārjuna, Dignaga, Candrakīrti, Āryadeva, and Bhavaviveka, among many others, formulated their theories while living in Buddhist communities in Āndhra.... | The ancient buddhist site in the lower Krsna Valley can be traced to at least what century BCE? | {
"answer_start": [
475
],
"text": [
"third"
]
} | The ancient buddhist site in the lower [MASK] can be traced to at least what [MASK]? | [
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-0.11629116535... | CDO issuance grew from an estimated $20 billion in Q1 2004 to its peak of over $180 billion by Q1 2007, then declined back under $20 billion by Q1 2008. Further, the credit quality of CDO's declined from 2000 to 2007, as the level of subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt increased from 5% to 36% of CDO assets. As ... | This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE. Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra, give different accounts. Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified ... | Generally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: "Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of these had their roots i... | third | 6,835 |
56d26d7d59d6e41400145fc8 | Buddhism | Anthony Barber and Sree Padma note that "historians of Buddhist thought have been aware for quite some time that such pivotally important Mahayana Buddhist thinkers as Nāgārjuna, Dignaga, Candrakīrti, Āryadeva, and Bhavaviveka, among many others, formulated their theories while living in Buddhist communities in Āndhra.... | Evidence suggests that many Early mahayana scriptures originated in what part of India? | {
"answer_start": [
605
],
"text": [
"South"
]
} | Evidence suggests that many Early mahayana scriptures originated in what part of [MASK]? | [
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56d26e4b59d6e41400145fcc | Buddhism | There is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the "Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mahāyāna ne... | There is no evidence that Mahayana ever referred to a separate school of what? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"Buddhism"
]
} | There is no evidence that [MASK] ever referred to a separate school of what? | [
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0.118399456... | Many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles were located in northern Europe, with the most renowned being the universities of Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh. These universities, especially Edinburgh, produced professors whose ideas had a significan... | Much of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have traditionally conside... | In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are see... | Buddhism | 6,837 |
56d26e4b59d6e41400145fcd | Buddhism | There is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the "Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mahāyāna ne... | The mahayana never tried to have separte what? | {
"answer_start": [
366
],
"text": [
"Vinaya"
]
} | The [MASK] never tried to have separte what? | [
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0.1591485142... | About that time the "executionist movement" (Polish: "egzekucja praw"--"execution of the laws") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrków they would force the magnates to return many leased cr... | Over the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks. Lat... | The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism). | Vinaya | 6,838 |
56d26e4b59d6e41400145fce | Buddhism | There is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the "Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mahāyāna ne... | We know that both Mahayana and non Mahayana monks live in the same what? | {
"answer_start": [
869
],
"text": [
"monasteries"
]
} | We know that both [MASK] and [MASK] monks live in the same what? | [
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-0.0688973814249038... | Comparsas are held throughout the week, consisting of large groups "of dancers dancing and traveling on the streets, followed by a Carrosa (carriage) where the musicians play. The Comparsa is a development of African processions where groups of devotees follow a given saint or deity during a particular religious celebr... | Over the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks. Lat... | Buddhism /ˈbudɪzəm/ is a nontheistic religion[note 1] or philosophy (Sanskrit: धर्म dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one"). According to Buddhist tradi... | monasteries | 6,839 |
56d2706859d6e41400145fdc | Buddhism | Much of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have traditionally conside... | Most of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mhayana comes from what type of translations? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"Chinese"
]
} | Most of the early extant evidence for the origins of [MASK] comes from what type of translations? | [
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-0.149... | The patron saint of Galicia is Saint James the Greater, whose body was discovered – according to the Catholic tradition – in 814 near Compostela. After that date, the relics of Saint James became an extraordinary centre of pilgrimage and from the 9th century have been kept in the heart of the church – the modern-day ca... | Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or "emptiness", widely attested in th... | Buddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarged Maurya empire a... | Chinese | 6,840 |
56d2706859d6e41400145fdd | Buddhism | Much of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have traditionally conside... | The Mahayana teachings were first propagated into China by who? | {
"answer_start": [
180
],
"text": [
"Lokakṣema"
]
} | The Mahayana teachings were [MASK] propagated into [MASK] by who? | [
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-0.15757165... | Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888, put Tesla firmly on the "AC" side of the so-called "War of Currents," an electrical distribution battle being waged between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse that had been simmering since Westinghouse's... | Buddhism began to spread throughout Japan during the Heian period, primarily through two major esoteric sects, Tendai and Shingon. Tendai originated in China and is based on the Lotus Sutra, one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism; Saichō was key to its transmission to Japan. Shingon is the Japanese trans... | The Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha. Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact opposed to early ... | Lokakṣema | 6,841 |
56d2706859d6e41400145fde | Buddhism | Much of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have traditionally conside... | The earliest Mahayana sutras included the very first versions of what series? | {
"answer_start": [
395
],
"text": [
"Prajñāpāramitā"
]
} | The earliest [MASK] [MASK] included the very [MASK] versions of what series? | [
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0.04235... | The main centre for technical training in Swaziland is the Swaziland College of Technology which is slated to become a full university. It aims to provide and facilitating high quality training and learning in technology and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other tec... | Buddhism began to spread throughout Japan during the Heian period, primarily through two major esoteric sects, Tendai and Shingon. Tendai originated in China and is based on the Lotus Sutra, one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism; Saichō was key to its transmission to Japan. Shingon is the Japanese trans... | According to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: "highest extinguishment") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the teachings to ensure... | Prajñāpāramitā | 6,842 |
56d2706859d6e41400145fdf | Buddhism | Much of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have traditionally conside... | Texts concerning Aksobhya Buddha were probably composed in what century BCE? | {
"answer_start": [
499
],
"text": [
"1st"
]
} | Texts concerning [MASK] were probably composed in what [MASK]? | [
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-0.122781... | Notable Greek scientists of modern times include Dimitrios Galanos, Georgios Papanikolaou (inventor of the Pap test), Nicholas Negroponte, Constantin Carathéodory (known for the Carathéodory theorems and Carathéodory conjecture), Manolis Andronikos (discovered the tomb of Philip II of Macedon in Vergina), Michael Derto... | Buddhism began to spread throughout Japan during the Heian period, primarily through two major esoteric sects, Tendai and Shingon. Tendai originated in China and is based on the Lotus Sutra, one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism; Saichō was key to its transmission to Japan. Shingon is the Japanese trans... | Unlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered misleading, as Mahāy... | 1st | 6,843 |
56d2726659d6e41400145ff8 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yo... | What four types of thought developed during the period of late mahayna buddhism? | {
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic"
]
} | What [MASK] types of thought developed during the period of [MASK]? | [
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0.10337407... | The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation. This can be explained by the fact that as the poor people in the society become more wealthy, it increases their yearly carbon emissions. This relation is expressed by the Environmen... | Advaita literally means "not two, sole, unity". It is a sub-school of Vedanta, and asserts spiritual and universal non-dualism. Its metaphysics is a form of absolute monism, that is all ultimate reality is interconnected oneness. This is the oldest and most widely acknowledged Vedantic school. The foundational texts of... | Theravada ("Doctrine of the Elders", or "Ancient Doctrine") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhism. The name Theravāda comes from the ancestral Sthāvirīya, one of the early Buddhist schools, from which the Theravadins claim descent. After unsucces... | Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic | 6,844 |
56d2726659d6e41400145ff9 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yo... | What was the latest thought type? | {
"answer_start": [
127
],
"text": [
"Buddhist Logic"
]
} | What was the latest thought type? | [
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