id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 4.06k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | masked_query stringlengths 1 25.7k | query_embedding list | random_answer stringlengths 151 4.06k | similar_answer stringlengths 152 4.06k | similar_answer_v2 stringlengths 151 4.06k ⌀ | answer stringlengths 1 239 | __index_level_0__ int64 0 98.2k |
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56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d83169 | Dog | Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the old... | Testing revealed today's dogs trace back by how many years? | {
"answer_start": [
289
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"40,000"
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} | Testing revealed [MASK] 's dogs trace back by how many years? | [
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56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d8316a | Dog | Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the old... | What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to? | {
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281
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"Eurasia"
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} | What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to? | [
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0.1776128560304... | All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others throughout the province, were damaged, resulting in delayed arrival of the rescue troops. In Beichuan County, 80% of the buildings collapsed according to Xinhua News. In the city of Shifang, the collapse of two chemical plants led to leakage of some 80 tons of liquid ammoni... | Recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that most placental orders diverged about 100 to 85 million years ago and that modern families appeared in the period from the late Eocene through the Miocene. But paleontologists object that no placental fossils have been found from before the end of the Cretaceous. The ea... | The oldest known fossil among the Eutheria ("true beasts") is the small shrewlike Juramaia sinensis, or "Jurassic mother from China", dated to 160 million years ago in the Late Jurassic. A later eutherian, Eomaia, dated to 125 million years ago in the Early Cretaceous, possessed some features in common with the marsupi... | Eurasia | 7,759 |
56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d8316b | Dog | Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the old... | What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot? | {
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"starch-rich"
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} | What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot? | [
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56d997d0dc89441400fdb590 | Dog | Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the old... | What was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from? | {
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"extensive genetic studies"
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} | What was undertaken in [MASK] to determine where dogs originated from? | [
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56d4bb172ccc5a1400d83186 | Dog | Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs ar... | What is the most common phrase, or nickname, used by people in the United States to describe dogs in general? | {
"answer_start": [
245
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"man's best friend"
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} | What is the most common phrase, or nickname, used by people in [MASK] to describe dogs in general? | [
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56d9984fdc89441400fdb592 | Dog | Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs ar... | What moniker has been given to dogs in Western cultures? | {
"answer_start": [
245
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"man's best friend"
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} | What moniker has been given to dogs in [MASK] cultures? | [
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56d9984fdc89441400fdb593 | Dog | Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs ar... | Dogs are a source of what in some cultures? | {
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"text": [
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56d4bc242ccc5a1400d8318b | Dog | The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word ... | What is the Proto-Germanic word that "dog" may have come from? | {
"answer_start": [
244
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"text": [
"dukkōn"
]
} | What is the [MASK] word that" dog" may have come from? | [
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0.2528133988380... | But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At ... | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | dukkōn | 7,765 |
56d4bc242ccc5a1400d8318c | Dog | The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word ... | What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from? | {
"answer_start": [
521
],
"text": [
"Proto-Indo-European"
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} | What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from? | [
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56d998c8dc89441400fdb597 | Dog | The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word ... | Where does the word dog originate? | {
"answer_start": [
151
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"text": [
"Old English docga"
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} | Where does the word dog originate? | [
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56d998c8dc89441400fdb598 | Dog | The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word ... | Dog could also come from the original layer of what vocabulary? | {
"answer_start": [
521
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"text": [
"Proto-Indo-European"
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} | Dog could also come from the original layer of what vocabulary? | [
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56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319a | Dog | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | What was the common 14th-century word for dogs for those who spoke English? | {
"answer_start": [
25
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"hound"
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} | What was the common [MASK] word for dogs for those who spoke [MASK]? | [
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56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319b | Dog | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound? | {
"answer_start": [
165
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"text": [
"mastiff."
]
} | What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound? | [
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56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319c | Dog | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | In what century did "hound" start to only apply to hunting dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
287
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"16th"
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} | In what century did "hound" start to only apply to hunting dogs? | [
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56d99962dc89441400fdb5a6 | Dog | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | What was the common term for all domesticated dogs in England during the 14th century? | {
"answer_start": [
25
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"text": [
"hound"
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} | What was the common term for all domesticated dogs in [MASK] during [MASK]? | [
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56d99962dc89441400fdb5a7 | Dog | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | When did the word dog become the common term for canines? | {
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56d99962dc89441400fdb5a8 | Dog | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | Hound became the term for dogs who did what activity during this time? | {
"answer_start": [
386
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"hunting"
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} | Hound became the term for dogs who did what activity during this time? | [
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56d99962dc89441400fdb5a9 | Dog | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | What Proto-Indo-European word is hound from? | {
"answer_start": [
468
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"*kwon- \"dog\""
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} | What [MASK] - European word is hound from? | [
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56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831aa | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What are a single birth group of puppies of a dog called collectively? | {
"answer_start": [
200
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"text": [
"a litter."
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} | What are a single birth group of puppies of a dog called collectively? | [
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56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ab | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What is the male who is father of the pups called? | {
"answer_start": [
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"sire"
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} | What is the male who is father of the pups called? | [
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56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ac | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What is the French word that "puppy" comes from? | {
"answer_start": [
350
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"poupée"
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} | What is the [MASK] word that" puppy" comes from? | [
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56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ad | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What is giving birth to dogs called? | {
"answer_start": [
415
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"text": [
"whelping"
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} | What is giving birth to dogs called? | [
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... | On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies. The book had been offered to booksellers at Murray's autumn sale on Tuesday 22 November, and all available copies had been taken up immediately. In total, 1,250 copies were printe... | Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin. In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around ... | In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years... | whelping | 7,779 |
56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ae | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What is the English word for female dog that has also become profanity? | {
"answer_start": [
87
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"text": [
"bitch"
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} | What is the [MASK] word for female dog that has also become profanity? | [
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56d999dcdc89441400fdb5ae | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding? | {
"answer_start": [
87
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"text": [
"bitch"
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} | A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding? | [
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56d999dcdc89441400fdb5af | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What are canine offspring referred as? | {
"answer_start": [
202
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"text": [
"litter"
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} | What are canine offspring referred as? | [
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56d999dcdc89441400fdb5b0 | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What is the father of a litter referred as? | {
"answer_start": [
247
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"text": [
"sire"
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} | What is the father of a litter referred as? | [
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56d999dcdc89441400fdb5b1 | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What is the mother of a litter referred as? | {
"answer_start": [
282
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"dam"
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} | What is the mother of a litter referred as? | [
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56d999dcdc89441400fdb5b2 | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What are the individual litter canines called? | {
"answer_start": [
321
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"pups"
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} | What are the individual litter canines called? | [
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56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b4 | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | What is the Latin term for "dog.?" | {
"answer_start": [
109
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"Canis"
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} | What is the [MASK] term for" dog.?" | [
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56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b5 | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | What year are dogs first listed in Systema Naturae? | {
"answer_start": [
3
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"text": [
"1758"
]
} | What year are dogs [MASK] listed in [MASK]? | [
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0.224020317196... | The French were equipped with bronze, rifled muzzle-loading artillery, while the Prussians used new steel breech-loading guns, which had a far longer range and a faster rate of fire. Prussian gunners strove for a high rate of fire, which was discouraged in the French army in the belief that it wasted ammunition. In add... | George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas... | Some dog breeds have acquired traits through selective breeding that interfere with reproduction. Male French Bulldogs, for instance, are incapable of mounting the female. For many dogs of this breed, the female must be artificially inseminated in order to reproduce. | 1758 | 7,787 |
56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b6 | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | Who published Systema Naturae? | {
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"Linnaeus"
]
} | Who published [MASK]? | [
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56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b7 | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | What is the modern single English word for Canis lupus? | {
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"wolf"
]
} | What is the modern single [MASK] word for Canis lupus? | [
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0.36130318045616... | In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur... | George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas... | The first post-Classical published classification of humans into distinct races seems to be François Bernier's Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it"), published in 1684. In the 18th century the differe... | wolf | 7,789 |
56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b8 | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | What 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves? | {
"answer_start": [
731
],
"text": [
"Mammal Species of the World"
]
} | What [MASK] publication listed regular family dogs under wolves? | [
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0.02767397277057171,... | Agriculture and forestry have declined in importance over the decades. Nevertheless, they are more important than in the most other areas of Germany, especially within rural regions. 54% of Thuringia's territory is in agricultural use. The fertile basins such as the large Thuringian Basin or the smaller Goldene Aue, Or... | George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas... | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | Mammal Species of the World | 7,790 |
56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5b8 | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | What is the Latin word for dog? | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"Canis"
]
} | What is the [MASK] word for dog? | [
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0.044433034956455... | The Han-era family was patrilineal and typically had four to five nuclear family members living in one household. Multiple generations of extended family members did not occupy the same house, unlike families of later dynasties. According to Confucian family norms, various family members were treated with different lev... | George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas... | Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than a... | Canis | 7,791 |
56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5b9 | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | Canis familiaris is the classification for dogs, and is known as what? | {
"answer_start": [
327
],
"text": [
"family dog"
]
} | Canis familiaris is the classification for dogs, and is known as what? | [
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0.002658703830... | By the early 1940s, the company was concentrating on lower-budget productions that were the company's main staple: westerns, melodramas, serials and sequels to the studio's horror pictures, the latter now solely B pictures. The studio fostered many series: The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys action features and ser... | George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas... | The word "mammal" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma ("teat, pap"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 200... | family dog | 7,792 |
56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5ba | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | What is the Latin name for a wolf? | {
"answer_start": [
380
],
"text": [
"Canis lupus"
]
} | What is the [MASK] name for a wolf? | [
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-0.016345983... | Rather than just using a thick tube, there are similar techniques used to the same effect such as replacing thin wire elements with cages to simulate a thicker element. This widens the bandwidth of the resonance. On the other hand, amateur radio antennas need to operate over several bands which are widely separated fro... | George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas... | Traditional morphological and modern molecular phylogenetic analysis have both recognized a major evolutionary transition from "non-bilaterian" animals, which are those lacking a bilaterally symmetric body plan (Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa), to "bilaterian" animals (Bilateria) whose body plans display b... | Canis lupus | 7,793 |
56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5bb | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | Feral dogs have what Latin classification? | {
"answer_start": [
507
],
"text": [
"Canis dingo"
]
} | Feral dogs have what [MASK] classification? | [
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56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5bc | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | What year was Canis familiaris listed under Canis lupus? | {
"answer_start": [
704
],
"text": [
"1982"
]
} | What year was [MASK] listed under [MASK]? | [
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0.3716434538364410... | In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity. On the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction: "self" constituents (constituents of the body) do not t... | George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas... | Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to... | 1982 | 7,795 |
56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d2 | Dog | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | What year was it decided that if wolves and dogs were one species, then their scientific name is the name of the wild variety? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"2003"
]
} | What year was it decided that if wolves and dogs were [MASK] species, then their scientific name is the name of the wild variety? | [
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56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d3 | Dog | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | What 2005 publication in its third edition kept to that ruling? | {
"answer_start": [
243
],
"text": [
"Mammal Species of the World"
]
} | What [MASK] publication in its [MASK] edition kept to that ruling? | [
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0.05151204764... | Schwarzenegger's breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit. This was followed by a sequel, Conan the Destroyer, in 1984, although it was not as successful as its predecessor. In 1983, Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video, Carnival in Rio. In 1984... | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | Interest in Darwin's writings continues, and scholars have generated an extensive literature, the Darwin Industry, about his life and work. The text of Origin itself has been subject to much analysis including a variorum, detailing the changes made in every edition, first published in 1959, and a concordance, an exhaus... | Mammal Species of the World | 7,797 |
56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d4 | Dog | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | What Latin dog term is still used because wild and domesticated dogs are recognizably different? | {
"answer_start": [
775
],
"text": [
"Canis familiaris."
]
} | What [MASK] dog term is still used because wild and domesticated dogs are recognizably different? | [
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0.134724959... | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing u... | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and... | Canis familiaris. | 7,798 |
56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d5 | Dog | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | What official body recognizes both Canis lupus and Canis familiaris? | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"ICZN"
]
} | What official body recognizes both Canis lupus and Canis familiaris? | [
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56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d6 | Dog | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | Many researchers prefer what term? | {
"answer_start": [
775
],
"text": [
"Canis familiaris."
]
} | Many researchers prefer what term? | [
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0.010569510... | Immunology is a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system. It originates from medicine and early studies on the causes of immunity to disease. The earliest known reference to immunity was during the plague of Athens in 430 BC. Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bo... | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | Later genetic studies strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species, and that the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves is extinct. | Canis familiaris. | 7,800 |
56d99b58dc89441400fdb5c2 | Dog | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | Who ruled in 2003 that scientific names for wild animals share the same scientific name as their domestic counterparts? | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"ICZN"
]
} | Who ruled in [MASK] that scientific names for wild animals share the same scientific name as their domestic counterparts? | [
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0.310394585132... | Sparta remained independent, but it was no longer the leading military power in the Peloponnese. The Spartan king Cleomenes III (235–222 BCE) staged a military coup against the conservative ephors and pushed through radical social and land reforms in order to increase the size of the shrinking Spartan citizenry able to... | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | Two examples of animal species recently delisted are: the Virginia northern flying squirrel (subspecies) on August, 2008, which had been listed since 1985, and the gray wolf (Northern Rocky Mountain DPS). On April 15, 2011, President Obama signed the Department of Defense and Full-Year Appropriations Act of 2011. A sec... | ICZN | 7,801 |
56d99b58dc89441400fdb5c3 | Dog | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | What was this decision called? | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"Opinion 2027"
]
} | What was this decision called? | [
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56d4c2102ccc5a1400d831ee | Dog | Later genetic studies strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species, and that the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves is extinct. | What indicated dogs and gray wolves developed as two monophyletic clades? | {
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"genetic studies"
]
} | What indicated dogs and gray wolves developed as [MASK] monophyletic clades? | [
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56d4c2102ccc5a1400d831ef | Dog | Later genetic studies strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species, and that the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves is extinct. | The common relative of dogs and existing wolves is now considered what? | {
"answer_start": [
183
],
"text": [
"extinct."
]
} | The common relative of dogs and existing wolves is now considered what? | [
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56d4c3ba2ccc5a1400d831fd | Dog | The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gathere... | Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what? | {
"answer_start": [
306
],
"text": [
"hunter-gatherers"
]
} | Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what? | [
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56d4c3ba2ccc5a1400d831ff | Dog | The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gathere... | Due to admixture, what species are many Arctic dogs related to? | {
"answer_start": [
606
],
"text": [
"Taimyr wolf of North Asia"
]
} | Due to admixture, what species are many [MASK] dogs related to? | [
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0.1781723350286... | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself... | The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human s... | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | Taimyr wolf of North Asia | 7,806 |
56d99c62dc89441400fdb5e2 | Dog | The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gathere... | Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who? | {
"answer_start": [
300
],
"text": [
"human hunter-gatherers"
]
} | Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who? | [
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3Al
5O
12:Ce (known as "YAG") phosphor coating on the emitter absorbs some of the blue emission and produces yellow light through fluorescence. The combination of that yellow with remaining ... | The cohabitation of dogs and humans would have greatly improved the chances of survival for early human groups, and the domestication of dogs may have been one of the key forces that led to human success. | There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routine... | human hunter-gatherers | 7,807 |
56d99c62dc89441400fdb5e3 | Dog | The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gathere... | Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"gray wolf"
]
} | Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal? | [
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0.029976705089... | The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home and on the road. Before Sloan Pa... | The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human s... | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | gray wolf | 7,808 |
56d99c62dc89441400fdb5e4 | Dog | The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gathere... | Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf? | {
"answer_start": [
606
],
"text": [
"Taimyr"
]
} | Some [MASK] breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf? | [
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56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d8320e | Dog | Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has power... | What species shows more difference in size, looks and actions than any other? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"Modern dog breeds"
]
} | What species shows more difference in size, looks and actions than any other? | [
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56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d8320f | Dog | Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has power... | What are dog teeth best suited for? | {
"answer_start": [
434
],
"text": [
"catching and tearing."
]
} | What are dog teeth best suited for? | [
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56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83210 | Dog | Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has power... | Dogs are considered to be predators and what else? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"scavengers"
]
} | Dogs are considered to be predators and what else? | [
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56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83211 | Dog | Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has power... | What bones in dog legs are fused? | {
"answer_start": [
339
],
"text": [
"wrist"
]
} | What bones in dog legs are fused? | [
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56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83212 | Dog | Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has power... | A dog's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else? | {
"answer_start": [
409
],
"text": [
"endurance"
]
} | A dog's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else? | [
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56d99cfedc89441400fdb5eb | Dog | Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has power... | What are a dog's teeth mainly used for? | {
"answer_start": [
434
],
"text": [
"catching and tearing"
]
} | What are a dog's teeth mainly used for? | [
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56d99cfedc89441400fdb5ec | Dog | Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has power... | Dogs originated as predators and what? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"scavengers"
]
} | Dogs originated as predators and what? | [
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56d4d4b82ccc5a1400d8327c | Dog | Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and w... | Dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics? | {
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"height and weight."
]
} | Dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics? | [
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56d4d4b82ccc5a1400d8327f | Dog | Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and w... | What breed was the largest dog known to have lived? | {
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267
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56d99d69dc89441400fdb5f4 | Dog | Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and w... | What is the biggest known dog? | {
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56d5aeea1c85041400946db3 | Dog | The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only. | Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates? | {
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56d5aeea1c85041400946db4 | Dog | The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only. | Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat? | {
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"soft down hair"
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56d99dcfdc89441400fdb608 | Dog | The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only. | What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates? | {
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50
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56d99dcfdc89441400fdb609 | Dog | The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only. | What is a single coat? | {
"answer_start": [
210
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56d5af531c85041400946dba | Dog | Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their... | When a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat, this is called what? | {
"answer_start": [
44
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"text": [
"countershading"
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56d5af531c85041400946dbb | Dog | Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their... | A dog with countershading has dark coloring where? | {
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56d99e45dc89441400fdb60e | Dog | Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their... | A natural camo pattern is known as what? | {
"answer_start": [
44
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"text": [
"countershading"
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56d99e45dc89441400fdb60f | Dog | Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their... | What color is on a dogs upper surfaces if it has countershading? | {
"answer_start": [
130
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"dark coloring"
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56d99e45dc89441400fdb610 | Dog | Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their... | What is reduced when a dog has countershading? | {
"answer_start": [
218
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56d5afb81c85041400946dc2 | Dog | There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally do... | What part of a dog can be straight, curly or cork-screwed? | {
"answer_start": [
40
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"text": [
"tails"
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56d5afb81c85041400946dc3 | Dog | There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally do... | What does a dog communicate with its tail? | {
"answer_start": [
191
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"text": [
"emotional state"
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56d99ea7dc89441400fdb620 | Dog | There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally do... | What part of a dog can be straight, curled, or cork-screwed? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"tails"
]
} | What part of a dog can be straight, curled, or cork-screwed? | [
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56d5c9061c85041400946dca | Dog | Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger... | What are some dogs prone to? | {
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"genetic ailments"
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} | What are some dogs prone to? | [
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56d5c9061c85041400946dcc | Dog | Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger... | What are all dogs susceptible to? | {
"answer_start": [
437
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"text": [
"parasites"
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} | What are all dogs susceptible to? | [
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56d5c9061c85041400946dcd | Dog | Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger... | Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog? | {
"answer_start": [
245
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"text": [
"unspayed"
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} | Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog? | [
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56d9a0cadc89441400fdb637 | Dog | Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger... | Who does pyometra affect? | {
"answer_start": [
245
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"text": [
"unspayed females"
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} | Who does pyometra affect? | [
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56d9a0cadc89441400fdb639 | Dog | Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger... | What are fleas, ticks and mites called? | {
"answer_start": [
437
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"text": [
"parasites"
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} | What are fleas, ticks and mites called? | [
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56d5ca321c85041400946dd2 | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
61
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"text": [
"toxic"
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} | Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs? | [
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56d5ca321c85041400946dd3 | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
231
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"text": [
"xylitol"
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} | Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs? | [
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56d5ca321c85041400946dd4 | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | What type of nut is poisonous to dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
215
],
"text": [
"macadamia"
]
} | What type of nut is poisonous to dogs? | [
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56d5ca321c85041400946dd5 | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
104
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"text": [
"theobromine"
]
} | What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs? | [
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56d9a199dc89441400fdb64e | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | Some human foods can be what to dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
61
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"text": [
"toxic"
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} | Some human foods can be what to dogs? | [
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56d9a199dc89441400fdb64f | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | What in tobacco can hurt dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
312
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"text": [
"nicotine"
]
} | What in tobacco can hurt dogs? | [
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56d9a199dc89441400fdb652 | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
890
],
"text": [
"dark"
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} | What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs? | [
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56d5cba21c85041400946dde | Dog | In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan). | Mutts, dogs that have several breed characteristics, live how much longer than purebred dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
57
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"text": [
"1.2 years"
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} | Mutts, dogs that have several breed characteristics, live how much longer than purebred dogs? | [
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56d5cba21c85041400946ddf | Dog | In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan). | Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives? | {
"answer_start": [
195
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"shorter"
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} | Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives? | [
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56d9a21edc89441400fdb65a | Dog | In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan). | When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds? | {
"answer_start": [
3
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"text": [
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} | When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds? | [
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56d9a21edc89441400fdb65b | Dog | In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan). | Typically, how much longer do mixed breeds live? | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"1.2 years longer"
]
} | Typically, how much longer do mixed breeds live? | [
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56d5cc661c85041400946de2 | Dog | The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most the median longevity, the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years. Individual dogs may live well beyond the median of their breed. | What is the median lifespan of canines? | {
"answer_start": [
187
],
"text": [
"10 to 13 years."
]
} | What is the median lifespan of canines? | [
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56d5cd181c85041400946de4 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | What is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"Dogue de Bordeaux"
]
} | What is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan? | [
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56d5cd181c85041400946de5 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | What is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years? | {
"answer_start": [
183
],
"text": [
"5.2 years"
]
} | What is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years? | [
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56d5cd181c85041400946de6 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | What is the average lifespan of an Irish Wolfhound? | {
"answer_start": [
337
],
"text": [
"6 to 7 years."
]
} | What is the average lifespan of an [MASK] Wolfhound? | [
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The Imperial College Boat Club was founded on 12 December 1919. The Gold medal winning GB 8+ at the 2000 Sydney Olympics had been based at Imperial College's recently refurbished boathouse and included 3 alumni of the college along with their coach Martin McElroy. The club has been highly suc... | While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that pos... | For most of human history higher material living standards – full stomachs, access to clean water and warmth from fuel – led to better health and longer lives. This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in r... | 6 to 7 years. | 7,851 |
56d9a294dc89441400fdb662 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | Which dog has the shortest lifespan? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"Dogue de Bordeaux"
]
} | Which dog has the shortest lifespan? | [
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56d9a294dc89441400fdb663 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | What is the average lifespan for a Dogue de Borddeaux? | {
"answer_start": [
183
],
"text": [
"5.2 years"
]
} | What is the average lifespan for [MASK]? | [
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56d5ceda1c85041400946dea | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"14 to 15 years."
]
} | What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans? | [
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56d5ceda1c85041400946deb | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"Bluey"
]
} | What is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest? | [
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56d5ceda1c85041400946dec | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What is the name of the dog in the Guinness Book of World Records for longest lived? | {
"answer_start": [
468
],
"text": [
"Pusuke"
]
} | What is the name of the dog in [MASK] for longest lived? | [
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56d5ceda1c85041400946dee | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book? | {
"answer_start": [
380
],
"text": [
"1939"
]
} | What year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book? | [
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