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56d9a315dc89441400fdb66d | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years? | {
"answer_start": [
360
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"text": [
"Bluey"
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} | What was the name of the dog who lived to be [MASK]? | [
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56d9a315dc89441400fdb66e | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | When did Bluey die? | {
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"1939"
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} | When did [MASK] die? | [
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56d9a315dc89441400fdb66f | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in 2011? | {
"answer_start": [
468
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"text": [
"Pusuke"
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} | Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in [MASK]? | [
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56d5d0101c85041400946df5 | Dog | In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannuall... | How many times per year do female dogs go into heat? | {
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"text": [
"two"
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} | How many times per year do female dogs go into heat? | [
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56d5d0101c85041400946df6 | Dog | In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannuall... | What does going into heat (estrous) prepare a female dog for? | {
"answer_start": [
358
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"text": [
"pregnancy."
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} | What does going into heat (estrous) prepare a female dog for? | [
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56d9a527dc89441400fdb681 | Dog | In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannuall... | Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature? | {
"answer_start": [
152
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"text": [
"two years"
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} | Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature? | [
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56d9a527dc89441400fdb682 | Dog | In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannuall... | What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity? | {
"answer_start": [
243
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"text": [
"first estrous cycle"
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} | What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity? | [
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56d5d0cb1c85041400946dfe | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | How long do female dogs carry before delivering puppies? | {
"answer_start": [
32
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"text": [
"58 to 68 days"
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} | How long do female dogs carry before delivering puppies? | [
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56d5d0cb1c85041400946dff | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | What is the average length of dog pregnancy? | {
"answer_start": [
86
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"text": [
"63 days"
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} | What is the average length of dog pregnancy? | [
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56d5d0cb1c85041400946e00 | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | What is the average number of pups in a litter? | {
"answer_start": [
168
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"text": [
"about six"
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} | What is the average number of pups in a litter? | [
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56d5d0cb1c85041400946e02 | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | For small dogs, what is the average number of pups in a litter? | {
"answer_start": [
283
],
"text": [
"one to four"
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} | For small dogs, what is the average number of pups in a litter? | [
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56d9a582dc89441400fdb68a | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | What is the average for a dog to bear her litter? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"63 days"
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} | What is the average for a dog to bear her litter? | [
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56d9a582dc89441400fdb68b | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | What is the average number of pups per litter? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"six"
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} | What is the average number of pups per litter? | [
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56d9a582dc89441400fdb68c | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | Smaller dogs tend to have how many pups per litter? | {
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"text": [
"one to four"
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} | Smaller dogs tend to have how many pups per litter? | [
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56d5d6521c85041400946e16 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | What is it called when an animal is altered to prevent procreation? | {
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0
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"Neutering"
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} | What is it called when an animal is altered to prevent procreation? | [
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56d5d6521c85041400946e17 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | According to the text, what agency recommends altering dogs to prevent pregnancies? | {
"answer_start": [
293
],
"text": [
"the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)"
]
} | According to the text, what agency recommends altering dogs to prevent pregnancies? | [
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56d5d6521c85041400946e18 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | What is typically surgically removed on male dogs to prevent procreation? | {
"answer_start": [
83
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"text": [
"testicles"
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} | What is typically surgically removed on male dogs to prevent procreation? | [
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56d5d6521c85041400946e19 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | What is usually removed in female dogs to prevent pregnancy? | {
"answer_start": [
109
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"text": [
"ovaries and uterus"
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} | What is usually removed in female dogs to prevent pregnancy? | [
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56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b2 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | In neutering, what is removed in a male dog? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"testicles"
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} | In neutering, what is removed in a male dog? | [
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56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b3 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | In neutering, what is removed in female dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"ovaries and uterus"
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} | In neutering, what is removed in female dogs? | [
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56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b4 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes? | {
"answer_start": [
425
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"text": [
"neutered"
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} | What does the [MASK] recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes? | [
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56d5d7fa1c85041400946e24 | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | Hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"Neutering"
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} | Hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what? | [
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56d5d7fa1c85041400946e26 | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"urinary incontinence"
]
} | According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog? | [
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56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6bc | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | Female dogs are less likely to develop cancer if what happens? | {
"answer_start": [
78
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"text": [
"Spayed"
]
} | Female dogs are less likely to develop cancer if what happens? | [
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56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6bd | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | What is increased in female dogs with neutering? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"urinary incontinence"
]
} | What is increased in female dogs with neutering? | [
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56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6be | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | What is increased in male dogs with neutering? | {
"answer_start": [
294
],
"text": [
"prostate cancer"
]
} | What is increased in male dogs with neutering? | [
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56d5d92a1c85041400946e2c | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What is the name of the dog that could ID over 200 things? | {
"answer_start": [
183
],
"text": [
"Rico"
]
} | What is the name of the dog that could ID [MASK] things? | [
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56d5d92a1c85041400946e2d | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What is the name of the Border collie that knew over 1000 words? | {
"answer_start": [
517
],
"text": [
"Chaser"
]
} | What is the name of the Border collie that knew [MASK] words? | [
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56d5d92a1c85041400946e2e | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | In addition to interpreting body language and verbal commands dogs can also interpret what two other things? | {
"answer_start": [
685
],
"text": [
"gesturing and pointing"
]
} | In addition to interpreting body language and verbal commands dogs can also interpret what [MASK] other things? | [
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56d5d92a1c85041400946e2f | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What wild canine did better at a problem-solving experiment? | {
"answer_start": [
849
],
"text": [
"Australian dingos"
]
} | What wild canine did better at a problem-solving experiment? | [
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56d5d92a1c85041400946e30 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What is one thing, according to the text, that domesticated dogs use humans for? | {
"answer_start": [
1297
],
"text": [
"to solve their problems for them."
]
} | What is [MASK] thing, according to the text, that domesticated dogs use humans for? | [
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56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c2 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | Perceiving information and retaining it is what? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"intelligence"
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} | Perceiving information and retaining it is what? | [
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56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c3 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | How many labels does Rico the dog know? | {
"answer_start": [
222
],
"text": [
"over 200"
]
} | How many labels does [MASK] the dog know? | [
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56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c4 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What kind of memory skills do dogs have? | {
"answer_start": [
416
],
"text": [
"advanced"
]
} | What kind of memory skills do dogs have? | [
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56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c5 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | How many words did Chaser know? | {
"answer_start": [
590
],
"text": [
"over 1,000"
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} | How many words did [MASK] know? | [
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56d5da871c85041400946e36 | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dogs are estimated to be domesticated as far back as what date range of years on the calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
221
],
"text": [
"9,000–30,000 years BCE"
]
} | Dogs are estimated to be domesticated as far back as what date range of [MASK] on the calendar? | [
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56d5da871c85041400946e37 | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dog minds have been shaped by thousands of years of contact with what species? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"humans."
]
} | Dog minds have been shaped by [MASK] of contact with what species? | [
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56d5da871c85041400946e38 | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | What do some dog skills parallel in human beings? | {
"answer_start": [
826
],
"text": [
"social-cognitive skills of human children"
]
} | What do some dog skills parallel in human beings? | [
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56d5da871c85041400946e39 | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dogs are very well attuned to what other species' behaviors? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"humans."
]
} | Dogs are very well attuned to what other species' behaviors? | [
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56d5da871c85041400946e3a | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dogs can understand and communicate with what other species? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"humans."
]
} | Dogs can understand and communicate with what other species? | [
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56d9b01bdc89441400fdb6cc | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | What is a dog's responses to stimuli known as? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Dog behavior"
]
} | What is a dog's responses to stimuli known as? | [
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56d9b01bdc89441400fdb6ce | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | More than any other species, dogs are able to do what with people? | {
"answer_start": [
443
],
"text": [
"understand and communicate"
]
} | More than any other species, dogs are able to do what with people? | [
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56d9b01bdc89441400fdb6cf | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dogs have some social skills that parallel what? | {
"answer_start": [
853
],
"text": [
"human children"
]
} | Dogs have some social skills that parallel what? | [
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56d5dcee1c85041400946e4a | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | What is gustatory communication include in dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
356
],
"text": [
"scents, pheromones and taste"
]
} | What is gustatory communication include in dogs? | [
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56d5dcee1c85041400946e4b | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | People communicate with dogs by voice commands, body language or posture and what else? | {
"answer_start": [
439
],
"text": [
"hand signals"
]
} | People communicate with dogs by voice commands, body language or posture and what else? | [
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56d9b06edc89441400fdb6de | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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} | Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what? | [
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56d9b06edc89441400fdb6df | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
439
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"text": [
"hand signals"
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} | In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs? | [
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56d5debf1c85041400946e53 | Dog | Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large,... | Which typically has thicker skin, dogs or wolves? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
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} | Which typically has thicker skin, dogs or wolves? | [
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56d5debf1c85041400946e54 | Dog | Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large,... | Dogs having ears that are not erect may be due to what? | {
"answer_start": [
1018
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"atrophy of the jaw muscles."
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} | Dogs having ears that are not erect may be due to what? | [
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56d9b374dc89441400fdb6e2 | Dog | Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large,... | What kind of features differentiate gray wolves from dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
95
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"text": [
"diagnostic features"
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} | What kind of features differentiate gray wolves from dogs? | [
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56d9b374dc89441400fdb6e6 | Dog | Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large,... | How often do female wolves enter estrus? | {
"answer_start": [
911
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"once a year."
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} | How often do female wolves enter estrus? | [
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56d5f6b21c85041400946e64 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what? | {
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130
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"behaviors."
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} | Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what? | [
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56d5f6b21c85041400946e65 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | How many "fixed" genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog? | {
"answer_start": [
185
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"11"
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} | How many "fixed" genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog? | [
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56d5f6b21c85041400946e66 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication? | {
"answer_start": [
360
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"text": [
"morphology and behavior"
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} | The gene differences indicate what [MASK] things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication? | [
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56d5f6b21c85041400946e67 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding? | {
"answer_start": [
586
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"tameness"
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} | What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding? | [
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56d5f6b21c85041400946e68 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | What do most dogs show less of than wolves? | {
"answer_start": [
651
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"text": [
"fear and aggression"
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} | What do most dogs show less of than wolves? | [
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56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f6 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | Most domestic animals were selected for what traits? | {
"answer_start": [
64
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"text": [
"production-related traits"
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} | Most domestic animals were selected for what traits? | [
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56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f7 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | Why were dogs initially selected? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"for their behaviors."
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} | Why were dogs initially selected? | [
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56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f8 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | For wolves and dogs, how many fixed genes show a variation? | {
"answer_start": [
185
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"text": [
"11"
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} | For wolves and dogs, how many fixed genes show a variation? | [
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56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f9 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | Dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves? | {
"answer_start": [
660
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"text": [
"aggression"
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} | Dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves? | [
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56d5f7181c85041400946e6e | Dog | The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available – all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses. | What is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet? | {
"answer_start": [
42
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"text": [
"525 million"
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} | What is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet? | [
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56d9b4b3dc89441400fdb704 | Dog | The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available – all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses. | How many dogs are estimated to be in the world? | {
"answer_start": [
42
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"text": [
"525 million"
]
} | How many dogs are estimated to be in the world? | [
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56d9b4b3dc89441400fdb705 | Dog | The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available – all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses. | What are dog population estimates based on other than land uses? | {
"answer_start": [
227
],
"text": [
"human population densities"
]
} | What are dog population estimates based on other than land uses? | [
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56d5f9181c85041400946e7a | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator? | {
"answer_start": [
43
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"text": [
"apex"
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} | Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator? | [
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56d5f9181c85041400946e7d | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
671
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"text": [
"fearless"
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} | Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs? | [
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56d5f9181c85041400946e7e | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in Croatia? | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"dogs"
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} | What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in [MASK]? | [
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56d9b5eddc89441400fdb71a | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
43
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"text": [
"apex"
]
} | Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs? | [
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56d9b5eddc89441400fdb71b | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"sheep"
]
} | Dogs die as a result of [MASK] wolf encounters more than what kind of animal? | [
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56d9b5eddc89441400fdb71c | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | What limits the feral dog population in Russia? | {
"answer_start": [
331
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"text": [
"Wolves"
]
} | What limits the feral dog population in [MASK]? | [
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56d5fa0e1c85041400946e84 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is? | {
"answer_start": [
318
],
"text": [
"leopards."
]
} | What large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is? | [
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56d5fa0e1c85041400946e85 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What is a typical predator of dogs in places such as Turkmenistan? | {
"answer_start": [
328
],
"text": [
"Striped hyenas"
]
} | What is a typical predator of dogs in places such as [MASK]? | [
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56d5fa0e1c85041400946e86 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What two reptiles kill dogs and consume them? | {
"answer_start": [
438
],
"text": [
"alligators and pythons"
]
} | What [MASK] reptiles kill dogs and consume them? | [
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56d9b69cdc89441400fdb726 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What big cat has a tendency to attack dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
58
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"text": [
"Leopards"
]
} | What big cat has a tendency to attack dogs? | [
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56d9b69cdc89441400fdb727 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What big cats in Indonesia also attack dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
214
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"text": [
"Tigers"
]
} | What big cats in [MASK] also attack dogs? | [
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56d9b69cdc89441400fdb728 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What type of reptiles eat dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
438
],
"text": [
"alligators and pythons"
]
} | What type of reptiles eat dogs? | [
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56d9b69cdc89441400fdb729 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What is a known predator of village dogs in India? | {
"answer_start": [
328
],
"text": [
"Striped hyenas"
]
} | What is a known predator of village dogs in [MASK]? | [
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56d5fb031c85041400946e8a | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior? | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"omnivores"
]
} | Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior? | [
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56d5fb031c85041400946e8c | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Dogs can digest meat as well as what else? | {
"answer_start": [
471
],
"text": [
"vegetables and grains"
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} | Dogs can digest meat as well as what else? | [
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56d5fb031c85041400946e8e | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Cats are known as what type of carnivore? | {
"answer_start": [
163
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"obligate"
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} | Cats are known as what type of carnivore? | [
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56d9b75edc89441400fdb73a | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what? | {
"answer_start": [
131
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"carnivores or omnivores"
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} | Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what? | [
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56d9b75edc89441400fdb73b | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating? | {
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"protein"
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} | Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating? | [
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56d9b75edc89441400fdb73c | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot? | {
"answer_start": [
623
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"starch"
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} | Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot? | [
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56d5fbbd1c85041400946e94 | Dog | Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than a... | The majority of dog breeds have only been around for how long? | {
"answer_start": [
31
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"a few hundred years"
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56d5fbbd1c85041400946e95 | Dog | Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than a... | People selected dogs they wanted based on what two things? | {
"answer_start": [
94
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"text": [
"particular morphologies and behaviors"
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} | People selected dogs they wanted based on what [MASK] things? | [
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56d5fbbd1c85041400946e96 | Dog | Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than a... | Hundreds of different dog breeds exist because of what? | {
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186
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"selective breeding"
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56d5fbbd1c85041400946e97 | Dog | Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than a... | Height measurements in dogs go from six inches for Chihuahuas to 30 inches in what breed? | {
"answer_start": [
471
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"text": [
"Irish Wolfhound"
]
} | Height measurements in dogs go from [MASK] for Chihuahuas to [MASK] in what breed? | [
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56d9b7e2dc89441400fdb74a | Dog | Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than a... | How old are most dog breeds? | {
"answer_start": [
31
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"text": [
"a few hundred years old"
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} | How old are most dog breeds? | [
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56d9b7e2dc89441400fdb74b | Dog | Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than a... | How many different breeds are there? | {
"answer_start": [
233
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"hundreds"
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} | How many different breeds are there? | [
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56d9b7e2dc89441400fdb74d | Dog | Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than a... | Gray color is often called what when referring to dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
543
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"blue"
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} | Gray color is often called what when referring to dogs? | [
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56d5fc2a1c85041400946e9e | Dog | While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that pos... | Natural selection and what makes certain dogs behave certain ways? | {
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67
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"text": [
"selective breeding"
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} | Natural selection and what makes certain dogs behave certain ways? | [
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56d5fc2a1c85041400946ea0 | Dog | While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that pos... | What distinguishes different types of dogs from one another? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"breed"
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} | What distinguishes different types of dogs from one another? | [
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56d5fc2a1c85041400946ea1 | Dog | While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that pos... | Who keeps classifications of different dog breeds? | {
"answer_start": [
497
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"text": [
"modern kennel clubs."
]
} | Who keeps classifications of different dog breeds? | [
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0.1825191527605056... | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as develope... | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | Although it is said that the "dog is man's best friend" regarding 17–24% of dogs in the developed countries, in the developing world they are feral, village or community dogs, with pet dogs uncommon. These live their lives as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing their most common respo... | modern kennel clubs. | 7,949 |
56d9bf08dc89441400fdb774 | Dog | While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that pos... | What is responsible for different dog types and breeds today? | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"natural selection and selective breeding"
]
} | What is responsible for different dog types and breeds [MASK]? | [
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0.3216939270496... | The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co... | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | natural selection and selective breeding | 7,950 |
56d9bf08dc89441400fdb775 | Dog | While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that pos... | Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what? | {
"answer_start": [
191
],
"text": [
"breeds"
]
} | Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what? | [
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0.058200325816... | Carnival celebrations, usually referred to as Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday in French), were first celebrated in the Gulf Coast area, but now occur in many states. Customs originated in the onetime French colonial capitals of Mobile (now in Alabama), New Orleans (Louisiana) and Biloxi (Mississippi), all of which have celebra... | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | Later genetic studies strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species, and that the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves is extinct. | breeds | 7,951 |
56d9bf08dc89441400fdb776 | Dog | While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that pos... | Modern dog breeds are what type of classification which is maintained by modern kennel clubs? | {
"answer_start": [
450
],
"text": [
"non-scientific"
]
} | Modern dog breeds are what type of classification which is maintained by modern kennel clubs? | [
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0.151370823383... | Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the Pre... | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | non-scientific | 7,952 |
56d5ff441c85041400946ea6 | Dog | Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world d... | The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what? | {
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"unsystematic."
]
} | The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what? | [
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56d5ff441c85041400946ea7 | Dog | Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world d... | A scientific study of dog genetics has shown only how many types of dogs being determinably distinct? | {
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"four"
]
} | A scientific study of dog genetics has shown only how many types of dogs being determinably distinct? | [
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0.0891957059502601... | Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, also known simply as phages, are precisely bacterial viruses that i... | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and w... | four | 7,954 |
56d5ff441c85041400946ea8 | Dog | Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world d... | What, according to the text, are two examples of "old world" dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
332
],
"text": [
"Malamute and Shar Pei"
]
} | What, according to the text, are [MASK] examples of" old world" dogs? | [
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0.01686489582... | In some Muslim countries DST is temporarily abandoned during Ramadan (the month when no food should be eaten between sunrise and sunset), since the DST would delay the evening dinner. Ramadan took place in July and August in 2012. This concerns at least Morocco and Palestine, although Iran keeps DST during Ramadan. Mos... | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence ... | Malamute and Shar Pei | 7,955 |
56d5ff441c85041400946ea9 | Dog | Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world d... | the Border collie is an example of what type of dog? | {
"answer_start": [
397
],
"text": [
"herding"
]
} | the Border collie is an example of what type of dog? | [
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-0.200308293104171... | Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service.... | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis. | herding | 7,956 |
56d9bf81dc89441400fdb784 | Dog | Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world d... | How many main types of dogs are there? | {
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"four"
]
} | How many main types of dogs are there? | [
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0.01975223235785... | The strength of beers has climbed during the later years of the 20th century. Vetter 33, a 10.5% abv (33 degrees Plato, hence Vetter "33") doppelbock, was listed in the 1994 Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest beer at that time, though Samichlaus, by the Swiss brewer Hürlimann, had also been listed by the ... | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | four | 7,957 |
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