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56d9bf81dc89441400fdb785 | Dog | Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world d... | What type of dogs are Shar Peis? | {
"answer_start": [
309
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"old world dogs"
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} | What type of dogs are [MASK]? | [
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56d9bf81dc89441400fdb788 | Dog | Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world d... | What are the other modern and hunting types of dogs called? | {
"answer_start": [
439
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"all others"
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} | What are the other modern and hunting types of dogs called? | [
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56d600eb1c85041400946eb8 | Dog | Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and soci... | What is one of the complex behaviors pet dogs have gotten from wolves? | {
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51
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"bite inhibition"
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} | What is [MASK] of the complex behaviors pet dogs have gotten from wolves? | [
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56d600eb1c85041400946eb9 | Dog | Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and soci... | What may make dogs have the ability to be trained by, play with and fit in with people? | {
"answer_start": [
164
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"text": [
"sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication"
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} | What may make dogs have the ability to be trained by, play with and fit in with people? | [
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56d600eb1c85041400946eba | Dog | Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and soci... | Higher social attributes and human relationships may have caused dogs to reach what as a species? | {
"answer_start": [
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} | Higher social attributes and human relationships may have caused dogs to reach what as a species? | [
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56d9c0c0dc89441400fdb798 | Dog | Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and soci... | What is a complex behavior that dogs inherited from wolves? | {
"answer_start": [
51
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"text": [
"bite inhibition"
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} | What is a complex behavior that dogs inherited from wolves? | [
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56d601b61c85041400946ec8 | Dog | The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human s... | Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans? | {
"answer_start": [
31
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"hunter-gatherers"
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} | Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans? | [
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56d601b61c85041400946eca | Dog | The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human s... | Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide? | {
"answer_start": [
266
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"text": [
"aiding handicapped individuals."
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} | Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide? | [
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56d9c11cdc89441400fdb79c | Dog | The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human s... | Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname? | {
"answer_start": [
356
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"text": [
"man's best friend"
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} | Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname? | [
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2, molybdate ZnMoO
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56d9c11cdc89441400fdb79d | Dog | The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human s... | Some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions? | {
"answer_start": [
438
],
"text": [
"a source of meat"
]
} | Some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions? | [
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56d626661c85041400946f36 | Dog | Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression "three dog night" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would h... | What did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean? | {
"answer_start": [
156
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"text": [
"food scraps."
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} | What did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean? | [
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56d626661c85041400946f37 | Dog | Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression "three dog night" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would h... | What do Australian aborigines call a frigid night? | {
"answer_start": [
256
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"three dog night"
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} | What do [MASK] aborigines call a frigid night? | [
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56d626661c85041400946f38 | Dog | Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression "three dog night" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would h... | What did a dog's good hearing help humans with? | {
"answer_start": [
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],
"text": [
"early warning."
]
} | What did a dog's good hearing help humans with? | [
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56d9c3c7dc89441400fdb7be | Dog | Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression "three dog night" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would h... | How could dogs have helped with sanitation issues in camps? | {
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"cleaning up food scraps"
]
} | How could dogs have helped with sanitation issues in camps? | [
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56d9c3c7dc89441400fdb7bf | Dog | Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression "three dog night" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would h... | What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night? | {
"answer_start": [
256
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"three dog night"
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} | What is the [MASK] [MASK] expression that indicates a very cold night? | [
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56d627261c85041400946f3e | Dog | Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and... | What type of hunting is it called when humans and dogs hunt together? | {
"answer_start": [
401
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"cooperative hunting"
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} | What type of hunting is it called when humans and dogs hunt together? | [
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56d627261c85041400946f3f | Dog | Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and... | What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them? | {
"answer_start": [
284
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"2004"
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} | What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them? | [
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56d9c483dc89441400fdb7ca | Dog | Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and... | What would have been the top benefit for dogs in camps? | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"sense of smell"
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} | What would have been the top benefit for dogs in camps? | [
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56d9c483dc89441400fdb7cc | Dog | Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and... | The successful mixing of dogs with hunting is often given as a primary reason for what? | {
"answer_start": [
247
],
"text": [
"the domestication of the wolf"
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} | The successful mixing of dogs with hunting is often given as a primary reason for what? | [
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56d629291c85041400946f48 | Dog | Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence ... | What type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into North America 12,000 tears ago? | {
"answer_start": [
160
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"text": [
"sled dogs"
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} | What type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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56d629291c85041400946f49 | Dog | Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence ... | What did ancient people walk across from Siberia into North America? | {
"answer_start": [
46
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"text": [
"Bering land bridge"
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} | What did ancient people walk across from [MASK] into [MASK]? | [
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56d629291c85041400946f4a | Dog | Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence ... | How old are the oldest findings of dogs in North America? | {
"answer_start": [
373
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"text": [
"9,400 years"
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} | How old are the oldest findings of dogs in [MASK]? | [
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56d9c708dc89441400fdb7fa | Dog | Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence ... | Evidence places dogs in North America when? | {
"answer_start": [
256
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"text": [
"12,000 years ago"
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} | Evidence places dogs in [MASK] when? | [
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56d9c708dc89441400fdb7fb | Dog | Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence ... | Dogs were the only domesticated animals for what North American population? | {
"answer_start": [
438
],
"text": [
"Athabascan"
]
} | Dogs were the only domesticated animals for what [MASK] population? | [
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56d9c708dc89441400fdb7fc | Dog | Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence ... | Dogs contributed to what migration 1400 years ago? | {
"answer_start": [
578
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"text": [
"Apache and Navajo tribes"
]
} | Dogs contributed to what migration [MASK]? | [
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56d9c708dc89441400fdb7fd | Dog | Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence ... | People still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose? | {
"answer_start": [
712
],
"text": [
"horse"
]
} | People still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose? | [
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56d62acb1c85041400946f54 | Dog | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else? | {
"answer_start": [
325
],
"text": [
"puppy"
]
} | A grave from [MASK] was found to contain an older person and what else? | [
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56d62acb1c85041400946f55 | Dog | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | What two species have the most widespread bonding? | {
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"humans and dogs"
]
} | What [MASK] species have the most widespread bonding? | [
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56d62acb1c85041400946f56 | Dog | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | When did more people begin to keep dogs as pets? | {
"answer_start": [
408
],
"text": [
"after World War II"
]
} | When did more people begin to keep dogs as pets? | [
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56d62acb1c85041400946f57 | Dog | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | What decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets? | {
"answer_start": [
785
],
"text": [
"1980s"
]
} | What decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets? | [
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56d62acb1c85041400946f58 | Dog | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | In the 1950s and 1960s most dogs where kept where? | {
"answer_start": [
496
],
"text": [
"outside"
]
} | In [MASK] most dogs where kept where? | [
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56d9c9f6dc89441400fdb818 | Dog | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions? | {
"answer_start": [
137
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"text": [
"elites"
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} | Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions? | [
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56d9c9f6dc89441400fdb81a | Dog | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | Dogs were kept where in the 1950s and 1960s as compared to today? | {
"answer_start": [
496
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"outside"
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} | Dogs were kept where in the [MASK] and [MASK] as compared to [MASK]? | [
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56d9c9f6dc89441400fdb81b | Dog | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions? | {
"answer_start": [
785
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"text": [
"1980s"
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} | When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions? | [
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56d62ba51c85041400946f68 | Dog | There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routine... | Shaping dogs to what people want is called what? | {
"answer_start": [
93
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"text": [
"commodification"
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} | Shaping dogs to what people want is called what? | [
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56d62ba51c85041400946f69 | Dog | There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routine... | The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what? | {
"answer_start": [
63
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"text": [
"dogs."
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} | The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what? | [
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56d62ba51c85041400946f6a | Dog | There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routine... | How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization? | {
"answer_start": [
16
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"two"
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} | How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization? | [
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56d9ca63dc89441400fdb828 | Dog | There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routine... | When a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior, it is called what? | {
"answer_start": [
93
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"commodification"
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} | When a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior, it is called what? | [
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56d9ca63dc89441400fdb829 | Dog | There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routine... | A second major trend has been increasing the idea of family and home to include dogs in what? | {
"answer_start": [
304
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} | A [MASK] major trend has been increasing the idea of family and home to include dogs in what? | [
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56d62c011c85041400946f6e | Dog | There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a... | It is easy to turn a canine into the perfect companion because so much of what is available? | {
"answer_start": [
26
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"text": [
"commodity forms"
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} | It is easy to turn a canine into the perfect companion because so much of what is available? | [
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56d62c011c85041400946f6f | Dog | There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a... | Dog training can be researched back to what century? | {
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414
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56d62c011c85041400946f70 | Dog | There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a... | How do dogs establish their territory as far as scent is concerned? | {
"answer_start": [
597
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"text": [
"urine marking"
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} | How do dogs establish their territory as far as scent is concerned? | [
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56d9cadedc89441400fdb82c | Dog | There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a... | How far back can dog training be found? | {
"answer_start": [
414
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"text": [
"18th century"
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} | How far back can dog training be found? | [
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56d9cadedc89441400fdb82d | Dog | There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a... | How do dogs mark their territory? | {
"answer_start": [
597
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"text": [
"urine marking"
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} | How do dogs mark their territory? | [
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56d9cadedc89441400fdb82e | Dog | There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a... | What has become important to ensure dogs do not do things that humans don't want them to do, such as jumping? | {
"answer_start": [
354
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"text": [
"training"
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} | What has become important to ensure dogs do not do things that humans don't want them to do, such as jumping? | [
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56d62ca31c85041400946f74 | Dog | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | How do most people describe the relationship with their dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
68
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"text": [
"part of the family"
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} | How do most people describe the relationship with their dogs? | [
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56d62ca31c85041400946f75 | Dog | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | What television show uses a dominance model of dog and human relationships? | {
"answer_start": [
337
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"text": [
"Dog Whisperer."
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} | What television show uses a dominance model of dog and human relationships? | [
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56d9cb52dc89441400fdb83c | Dog | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | Most people today describe their dogs as what? | {
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68
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56d9cb52dc89441400fdb83d | Dog | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | What TV show promotes a dominance model for the relationships people have with their dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
337
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"Dog Whisperer"
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} | What TV show promotes a dominance model for the relationships people have with their dogs? | [
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56d62d1e1c85041400946f84 | Dog | Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities ... | A study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn? | {
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56d62d1e1c85041400946f85 | Dog | Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities ... | Dogs often help clean in the kitchen by licking what? | {
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56d62d1e1c85041400946f86 | Dog | Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities ... | In addition to dog dancing, what is another activity that families are doing that is centered around their pet? | {
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446
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"text": [
"dog yoga."
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} | In addition to dog dancing, what is another activity that families are doing that is centered around their pet? | [
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56d9e5a0dc89441400fdb8c0 | Dog | Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities ... | What do many dogs have to do in the families where they live? | {
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} | What do many dogs have to do in the families where they live? | [
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56d9e5a0dc89441400fdb8c1 | Dog | Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities ... | What are dogs often taught to bring in from outdoors? | {
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} | What are dogs often taught to bring in from outdoors? | [
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56d62dc31c85041400946f8a | Dog | According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, it is estimated there are 77.5 million people with pet dogs in the United States. The same survey shows nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just on... | The National Pet Owner Survey reported how many people had pet dogs in America between 2009 and 2010? | {
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} | [MASK] reported how many people had pet dogs in [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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56d9e5dfdc89441400fdb8c6 | Dog | According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, it is estimated there are 77.5 million people with pet dogs in the United States. The same survey shows nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just on... | How many people in the United States are said to own dog? | {
"answer_start": [
162
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"77.5 million"
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} | How many people in [MASK] are said to own dog? | [
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56d62e521c85041400946f9c | Dog | The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans. | What type of imaging was used to study the relationship between humans and dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
23
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"text": [
"magnetic resonance imaging"
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} | What type of imaging was used to study the relationship between humans and dogs? | [
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56d62e521c85041400946f9d | Dog | The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans. | An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs have the same response as humans to what? | {
"answer_start": [
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"voices"
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} | An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs have the same response as humans to what? | [
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56d62e521c85041400946f9e | Dog | The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans. | An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"the brain"
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} | An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans? | [
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56d62e521c85041400946f9f | Dog | The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans. | Because dogs respond to voices the same way humans do, they are able to recognize what in human sounds, making them social? | {
"answer_start": [
227
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"emotion"
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} | Because dogs respond to voices the same way humans do, they are able to recognize what in human sounds, making them social? | [
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56d9e5f9dc89441400fdb8ce | Dog | The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans. | What technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people? | {
"answer_start": [
51
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"text": [
"MRI"
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} | What technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people? | [
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56d9e5f9dc89441400fdb8cf | Dog | The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans. | Dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds? | {
"answer_start": [
227
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"emotional"
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56d62f3e1c85041400946fa4 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | What nickname have dogs earned for their relationship to humans? | {
"answer_start": [
100
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"text": [
"man's best friend"
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} | What nickname have dogs earned for their relationship to humans? | [
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56d62f3e1c85041400946fa5 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | Pointers and hounds are bred to do what? | {
"answer_start": [
205
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"text": [
"hunt"
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} | Pointers and hounds are bred to do what? | [
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56d62f3e1c85041400946fa6 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | Certain dogs are bred to help fishermen with what? | {
"answer_start": [
290
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"text": [
"nets"
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} | Certain dogs are bred to help fishermen with what? | [
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56d62f3e1c85041400946fa7 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | Who was the first dog to orbit the earth in 1957? | {
"answer_start": [
408
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"text": [
"Laika"
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} | Who was the [MASK] dog to orbit the [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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56d62f3e1c85041400946fa8 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | What breed was Laika? | {
"answer_start": [
384
],
"text": [
"husky-terrier mix"
]
} | What breed was Laika? | [
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56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d2 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | What phrase describing dogs is used in different languages? | {
"answer_start": [
100
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"text": [
"man's best friend"
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} | What phrase describing dogs is used in different languages? | [
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56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d3 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | What dog types, in the text, are used for hunting? | {
"answer_start": [
219
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"text": [
"pointers and hounds"
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} | What dog types, in the text, are used for hunting? | [
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56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d4 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | Some dogs help fishermen with what? | {
"answer_start": [
290
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"text": [
"nets"
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} | Some dogs help fishermen with what? | [
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56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d5 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | What is the name of the dog to first orbit the Earth? | {
"answer_start": [
408
],
"text": [
"Laika"
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} | What is the name of the dog to [MASK] orbit the [MASK]? | [
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56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d6 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | What year was the first dog sent into space? | {
"answer_start": [
376
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"text": [
"1957"
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} | What year was the [MASK] dog sent into space? | [
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56d62f941c85041400946fae | Dog | Service dogs such as guide dogs, utility dogs, assistance dogs, hearing dogs, and psychological therapy dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities. Some dogs owned by epileptics have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure, sometimes well i... | What kind of dogs help people with physical or mental disabilities? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Service dogs"
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} | What kind of dogs help people with physical or mental disabilities? | [
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56d9e67edc89441400fdb8de | Dog | Service dogs such as guide dogs, utility dogs, assistance dogs, hearing dogs, and psychological therapy dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities. Some dogs owned by epileptics have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure, sometimes well i... | Early warning allows epileptics to get to safety, get medication or what else? | {
"answer_start": [
393
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"text": [
"medical care."
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} | Early warning allows epileptics to get to safety, get medication or what else? | [
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56d62ff01c85041400946fb2 | Dog | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | What are conformation shows also known as? | {
"answer_start": [
43
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"text": [
"breed shows"
]
} | What are conformation shows also known as? | [
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56d62ff01c85041400946fb3 | Dog | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | Who evaluates dogs at breed shows? | {
"answer_start": [
56
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"text": [
"a judge"
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} | Who evaluates dogs at breed shows? | [
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56d62ff01c85041400946fb4 | Dog | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | What is the judge looking for in specific breeds? | {
"answer_start": [
140
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"text": [
"conformity with their established breed"
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} | What is the judge looking for in specific breeds? | [
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56d62ff01c85041400946fb5 | Dog | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | What is the only standard judged? | {
"answer_start": [
263
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"text": [
"externally observable qualities"
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} | What is the only standard judged? | [
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56d9e6b9dc89441400fdb8e2 | Dog | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | What is another word for "breed shows"? | {
"answer_start": [
442
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"text": [
"conformation shows."
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} | What is another word for "breed shows"? | [
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56d9e6b9dc89441400fdb8e3 | Dog | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | What is the evaluator called in a breed show? | {
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"text": [
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} | What is the evaluator called in a breed show? | [
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56d9e6b9dc89441400fdb8e4 | Dog | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | The breed standard only is about what? | {
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"text": [
"externally observable qualities"
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} | The breed standard only is about what? | [
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56d9e6b9dc89441400fdb8e5 | Dog | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | Abilities and what else are not tested at breed shows? | {
"answer_start": [
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"health"
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} | Abilities and what else are not tested at breed shows? | [
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56d630a31c85041400946fc4 | Dog | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | Where do some people eat dogs? | {
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29
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"text": [
"East Asian countries"
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} | Where do some people eat dogs? | [
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56d630a31c85041400946fc6 | Dog | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | In addition to others, Western culture considers eating dog meat as what? | {
"answer_start": [
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"taboo."
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} | In addition to others, [MASK] culture considers eating dog meat as what? | [
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56d630a31c85041400946fc7 | Dog | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | In rural Poland areas, what is considered medicinal for lungs? | {
"answer_start": [
495
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"dog fat"
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} | In rural [MASK] areas, what is considered medicinal for lungs? | [
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56d630a31c85041400946fc8 | Dog | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | What do people who eat dog meat consider Western culture, since people there do eat many different animals? | {
"answer_start": [
738
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"western hypocrisy"
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} | What do people who eat dog meat consider [MASK] culture, since people there do eat many different animals? | [
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56d9e6f0dc89441400fdb8eb | Dog | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | The West, South Asia and Middle East think eating dogs is what? | {
"answer_start": [
429
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"text": [
"taboo"
]
} | The [MASK], [MASK] and [MASK] think eating dogs is what? | [
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56d9e6f0dc89441400fdb8ec | Dog | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | Dog fat in some parts of Poland is thought to have what? | {
"answer_start": [
523
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"text": [
"medicinal properties"
]
} | Dog fat in some parts of [MASK] is thought to have what? | [
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56d6311c1c85041400946fce | Dog | The most popular Korean dog dish is gaejang-guk (also called bosintang), a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months; followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains that the di... | What is the best known Korean dish made with dog meat? | {
"answer_start": [
36
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"text": [
"gaejang-guk"
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} | What is the best known [MASK] dish made with dog meat? | [
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56d6311c1c85041400946fcf | Dog | The most popular Korean dog dish is gaejang-guk (also called bosintang), a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months; followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains that the di... | What is Gaejang-guk? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"a spicy stew"
]
} | What is [MASK]? | [
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56d6311c1c85041400946fd0 | Dog | The most popular Korean dog dish is gaejang-guk (also called bosintang), a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months; followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains that the di... | Why do people eat Gaejang-guk in the summer months? | {
"answer_start": [
92
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"text": [
"to balance the body's heat"
]
} | Why do people eat [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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56d6311c1c85041400946fd1 | Dog | The most popular Korean dog dish is gaejang-guk (also called bosintang), a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months; followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains that the di... | What is dog meat boiled with to create Gaejang-guk? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"scallions and chili powder."
]
} | What is dog meat boiled with to create [MASK]- guk? | [
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56d9e727dc89441400fdb8f3 | Dog | The most popular Korean dog dish is gaejang-guk (also called bosintang), a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months; followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains that the di... | When is the Korean dog recipe usually eaten? | {
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"the summer months"
]
} | When is the [MASK] dog recipe usually eaten? | [
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56d9e727dc89441400fdb8f4 | Dog | The most popular Korean dog dish is gaejang-guk (also called bosintang), a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months; followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains that the di... | What are two other ingredients in the dog meat recipe in Korea? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"scallions and chili powder."
]
} | What are [MASK] other ingredients in the dog meat recipe in [MASK]? | [
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56d631b61c85041400946fd6 | Dog | Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to... | How many people are bitten by dogs every year in America? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"4.5 million"
]
} | How many people are bitten by dogs every year in [MASK]? | [
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56d631b61c85041400946fd7 | Dog | Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to... | During the 1980s and 1990s, how many people were killed annually because of dog bites? | {
"answer_start": [
256
],
"text": [
"17"
]
} | During [MASK], how many people were killed annually because of dog bites? | [
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56d631b61c85041400946fd8 | Dog | Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to... | In the 2000s, how many people died every year because of dog bites? | {
"answer_start": [
321
],
"text": [
"26"
]
} | In [MASK], how many people died [MASK] because of dog bites? | [
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56d9e79adc89441400fdb8f8 | Dog | Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to... | According to a 2008 CDC report, how many are bitten in the United States annually? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"4.5 million"
]
} | According to a [MASK] [MASK] report, how many are bitten in [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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56d9e79adc89441400fdb8fa | Dog | Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to... | What decade saw an increase from 17 to 26 deaths caused by dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
293
],
"text": [
"2000s"
]
} | What decade saw an increase from [MASK] to [MASK] deaths caused by dogs? | [
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56d632371c85041400946fe0 | Dog | A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful m... | According to a Colorado study, dog bites are what in children as compared to adults? | {
"answer_start": [
46
],
"text": [
"less severe"
]
} | According to a [MASK] study, dog bites are what in children as compared to adults? | [
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