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57339840d058e614000b5e4e | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational pro... | What book did Stout and Jeanine M. Love author that further examines the on between Whitehead and Follett? | {
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492
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"Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration"
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} | What book did [MASK] and [MASK] author that further examines the on between [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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573354414776f41900660849 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Moreover, a conflict of interest between professional investment managers and their institutional clients, combined with a global glut in investment capital, led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets. Professional investment managers generally are compensated based on the volume of client as... | What did many asset managers decide to do to the detriment of their clients? | {
"answer_start": [
744
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"continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments"
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} | What did many asset managers decide to do to the detriment of their clients? | [
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0.01332955341... | It is thought that annelids were originally animals with two separate sexes, which released ova and sperm into the water via their nephridia. The fertilized eggs develop into trochophore larvae, which live as plankton. Later they sink to the sea-floor and metamorphose into miniature adults: the part of the trochophore ... | As financial assets became more and more complex, and harder and harder to value, investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators, who came to rely on them, accepted as valid some complex mathematical models which theoretically showed the risks were much smaller... | A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage for that job. This is because competition between workers drives down the wage. An example of this would be jobs such as dish-washing or customer service. C... | continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments | 8,962 |
573354414776f41900660846 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Moreover, a conflict of interest between professional investment managers and their institutional clients, combined with a global glut in investment capital, led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets. Professional investment managers generally are compensated based on the volume of client as... | What led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets? | {
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"a conflict of interest"
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} | What led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets? | [
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0.107474103569... | On 23 November 1991, in a prepared statement made on his deathbed, Mercury confirmed that he had AIDS. Within 24 hours of the statement, he died of bronchial pneumonia, which was brought on as a complication of AIDS. His funeral service on 27 November in Kensal Green, West London was private, and held in accordance wit... | As financial assets became more and more complex, and harder and harder to value, investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators, who came to rely on them, accepted as valid some complex mathematical models which theoretically showed the risks were much smaller... | The securitization markets supported by the shadow banking system started to close down in the spring of 2007 and nearly shut-down in the fall of 2008. More than a third of the private credit markets thus became unavailable as a source of funds. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system doe... | a conflict of interest | 8,963 |
573354414776f41900660847 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Moreover, a conflict of interest between professional investment managers and their institutional clients, combined with a global glut in investment capital, led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets. Professional investment managers generally are compensated based on the volume of client as... | Who is compensated based on the volume of client assets they have under management? | {
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"Professional investment managers"
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} | Who is compensated based on the volume of client assets they have under management? | [
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573354414776f41900660848 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Moreover, a conflict of interest between professional investment managers and their institutional clients, combined with a global glut in investment capital, led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets. Professional investment managers generally are compensated based on the volume of client as... | What is the incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management? | {
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445
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"to maximize their compensation"
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} | What is the incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management? | [
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573354414776f4190066084a | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Moreover, a conflict of interest between professional investment managers and their institutional clients, combined with a global glut in investment capital, led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets. Professional investment managers generally are compensated based on the volume of client as... | What rationale did asset managers who continued to invest in over-priced investments to the detriment of their clients use? | {
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"plausible deniability"
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} | What rationale did asset managers who continued to invest in over-priced investments to the detriment of their clients use? | [
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5733679bd058e614000b5a4f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States.... | Who was Southern California-based IndyMac a spin-off of? | {
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128
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} | Who was [MASK]- based [MASK] a spin- off of? | [
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5733679bd058e614000b5a51 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States.... | On what date did IndyMac fail? | {
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} | On what date did [MASK] fail? | [
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5733679bd058e614000b5a4e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States.... | Which financial institution was the first one visible to run into trouble in the United States? | {
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105
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"IndyMac"
]
} | Which financial institution was the [MASK] one visible to run into trouble in [MASK]? | [
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5733679bd058e614000b5a50 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States.... | Before its failure, which savings and loan association was the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States? | {
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"IndyMac Bank"
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} | Before its failure, which savings and loan association was the [MASK] largest mortgage originator in [MASK]? | [
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0.2386656254529... | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and J... | It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions, which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments, but stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant ro... | This boom in innovative financial products went hand in hand with more complexity. It multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage (including mortgage brokers, specialized originators, the securitizers and their due diligence firms, managing agents and trading desks, and finally investors, insurances ... | IndyMac Bank | 8,970 |
5733679bd058e614000b5a52 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States.... | Who was IndyMac's parent corporation? | {
"answer_start": [
575
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"IndyMac Bancorp"
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} | Who was [MASK] 's parent corporation? | [
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0.5096499323... | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community.... | It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions, which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments, but stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant ro... | On February 11, 2004, Comcast announced a $54 billion bid for The Walt Disney Company, as well as taking on $12 billion of Disney's debt. The deal would have made Comcast the largest media conglomerate in the world. However, after rejection by Disney and uncertain response from investors, the bid was abandoned in April... | IndyMac Bancorp | 8,971 |
57336a43d058e614000b5aa7 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively ... | When did Moody's and Standard & Poor downgrade a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds? | {
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"April 2008"
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} | When did [MASK] and [MASK] downgrade a significant number of [MASK] 's MBS bonds? | [
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0.234646... | 40°48′27″N 73°57′18″W / 40.8076°N 73.9549°W / 40.8076; -73.9549 120th Street traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights, Harlem, and Spanish Harlem. It begins on Riverside Drive at the Interchurch Center. It then runs east between the campuses of Barnard College and the Union Theological Seminary, then cross... | In 2006, Dell acknowledged that it had problems with customer service. Issues included call transfers of more than 45% of calls and long wait times. Dell's blog detailed the response: "We're spending more than a $100 million — and a lot of blood, sweat and tears of talented people — to fix this." Later in the year, the... | The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance includi... | April 2008 | 8,972 |
57336a43d058e614000b5aaa | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively ... | If IndyMac's downgraded MBS bond ratings had been in effect at March 31, 2008, what would the bank's capital ratio have been? | {
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"9.27%"
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57336a43d058e614000b5aa8 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively ... | What was the value of IndyMac's MBS bonds retained in its MBS portfolio that were downgraded in April 2008? | {
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168
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"$160 million"
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} | What was the value of [MASK] 's MBS bonds retained in its MBS portfolio that were downgraded in [MASK]? | [
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57336a43d058e614000b5aa9 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively ... | What was one of the agencies that downgraded a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds in April 2008? | {
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41
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"Moody's"
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} | What was [MASK] of the agencies that downgraded a significant number of [MASK] 's MBS bonds in [MASK]? | [
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57336a43d058e614000b5aab | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively ... | What is a well capitalized ratio? | {
"answer_start": [
643
],
"text": [
"minimum 10% risk-based"
]
} | What is a well capitalized ratio? | [
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57336bbb4776f41900660a89 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported... | Who is the Senator that asked FDIC if it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on brokered deposits? | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Charles Schumer (D-NY)"
]
} | Who is the Senator that asked [MASK] if it had considered ordering [MASK] to reduce its reliance on brokered deposits? | [
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57336bbb4776f41900660a8a | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported... | What does the abbreviation FDIC stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
145
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"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation"
]
} | What does the abbreviation [MASK] stand for? | [
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57336bbb4776f41900660a8b | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported... | How much of IndyMac's total deposits of $18.9 billion on March 31, 2008 were considered brokered deposits? | {
"answer_start": [
379
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"text": [
"a little over $7 billion"
]
} | How much of [MASK] 's total deposits of [MASK] on [MASK] were considered brokered deposits? | [
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57336bbb4776f41900660a8c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported... | Had the FDIC disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on this date, the threat of brokered deposit losses would have been $500 million a month? | {
"answer_start": [
683
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"June 30"
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} | Had the [MASK] disallowed [MASK] from acquiring new brokered deposits on [MASK], the threat of brokered deposit losses would have been [MASK] a month? | [
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57336bbb4776f41900660a8d | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported... | How much was the threat of brokered deposit losses per month to IndyMac? | {
"answer_start": [
584
],
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"$500 million"
]
} | How much was the threat of brokered deposit losses per month to [MASK]? | [
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57336d734776f41900660aa7 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of Indy... | How much in deposits did account holders withdraw from IndyMac in late June 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
285
],
"text": [
"$1.55 billion"
]
} | How much in deposits did account holders withdraw from [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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57336d734776f41900660aa8 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of Indy... | What percent of IndyMac's deposits were withdrawn by account holders in late June 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
308
],
"text": [
"7.5%"
]
} | What percent of [MASK] 's deposits were withdrawn by account holders in [MASK]? | [
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57336d734776f41900660aa6 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of Indy... | What was the value of loans IndyMac was forced to hold when the secondary mortgage market collapsed in late 2007? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"$10.7 billion"
]
} | What was the value of loans [MASK] was forced to hold when the secondary mortgage market collapsed in [MASK]? | [
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57336d734776f41900660aa9 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of Indy... | Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a "run" on IndyMac? | {
"answer_start": [
414
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"text": [
"Charles Schumer"
]
} | Who is the Senator that released a letter to the [MASK] and [MASK] that prompted a" run" on [MASK]? | [
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57336d734776f41900660aaa | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of Indy... | What was the underlying cause of the failure on IndyMac? | {
"answer_start": [
627
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"text": [
"unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated"
]
} | What was the underlying cause of the failure on [MASK]? | [
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57336e80d058e614000b5af2 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | On July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB on July... | What was the name of the bridge bank established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, liabilities and deposit accounts? | {
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB"
]
} | What was the name of the bridge bank established to assume control of [MASK] assets, liabilities and deposit accounts? | [
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57336e80d058e614000b5af4 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | On July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB on July... | What is the maximum amount of funds the FDIC guarantees in insured accounts? | {
"answer_start": [
599
],
"text": [
"US$100,000"
]
} | What is the maximum amount of funds the [MASK] guarantees in insured accounts? | [
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57336e80d058e614000b5af5 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | On July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB on July... | How many IndyMac account holders held funds in excess of the FDIC's insured amount of US$100,000? | {
"answer_start": [
662
],
"text": [
"roughly 10,000 depositors"
]
} | How many [MASK] account holders held funds in excess of the [MASK] 's insured amount of US$ [MASK]? | [
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57336e80d058e614000b5af1 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | On July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB on July... | On what date did the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship? | {
"answer_start": [
3
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"text": [
"July 11, 2008"
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} | On what date did the [MASK] put [MASK] into conservatorship? | [
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57336e80d058e614000b5af3 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | On July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB on July... | On what date did the FDIC plan to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB? | {
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316
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"July 14, 2008"
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} | On what date did the [MASK] plan to open [MASK], [MASK]? | [
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57336f6e4776f41900660acd | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear S... | How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
222
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"Over 100"
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} | How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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57336f6e4776f41900660ace | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear S... | Who is the investment bank that was feared to collapse in March 2008 and was sold in a fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase? | {
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314
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"Bear Stearns"
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} | Who is the investment bank that was feared to collapse in [MASK] and was sold in a fire- sale to [MASK]? | [
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57336f6e4776f41900660acf | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear S... | When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak? | {
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451
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57336f6e4776f41900660ad0 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear S... | When did Lehman's former CEO appear before Representative Henry A. Waxman? | {
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713
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"Oct. 6, 2008"
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} | When did [MASK] 's former CEO appear before Representative [MASK]? | [
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57336f6e4776f41900660ad1 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear S... | What firm filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history? | {
"answer_start": [
745
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"text": [
"Lehman Brothers"
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} | What firm filed the largest bankruptcy in [MASK] history? | [
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5733703c4776f41900660ad8 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion th... | The equivalent of a bank run on which funds occurred in September 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
105
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"text": [
"money market funds"
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} | The equivalent of a bank run on which funds occurred in [MASK]? | [
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5733703c4776f41900660ad9 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion th... | What do money market funds frequently invest in? | {
"answer_start": [
152
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"text": [
"commercial paper issued by corporations"
]
} | What do money market funds frequently invest in? | [
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5733703c4776f41900660ad7 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion th... | When did the financial crisis hit its most critical stage? | {
"answer_start": [
3
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"September 2008"
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} | When did the financial crisis hit its most critical stage? | [
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5733703c4776f41900660ada | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion th... | How much was withdrawn from money markets during one week in September 2008? | {
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266
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"$144.5 billion"
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} | How much was withdrawn from money markets during [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5733703c4776f41900660adb | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion th... | What was the record high for the TED spread on October 10, 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
822
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"text": [
"4.65%"
]
} | What was the record high for the [MASK] spread on [MASK]? | [
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57337227d058e614000b5b19 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most ... | Economist Paul Krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system? | {
"answer_start": [
119
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"text": [
"shadow banking system"
]
} | Economist [MASK] explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system? | [
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57337227d058e614000b5b1a | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most ... | What is the system with nearly equal the importance of traditional commercial banking? | {
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"shadow banking system"
]
} | What is the system with nearly equal the importance of traditional commercial banking? | [
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57337227d058e614000b5b1b | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most ... | The shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations without the ability to obtain which funds? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"investor funds"
]
} | The shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations without the ability to obtain which funds? | [
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0.062423504889011... | In 2010, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 60.8% (64.8% for males and 56.8% for females). In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax. In other areas children are required to pay a tuition fee to attend school. On ave... | John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer (2006) of the CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality. In an analysis of the effects of intensive Anglo-American liberal policies in comparison to continental European ... | Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear S... | investor funds | 9,004 |
57337227d058e614000b5b1c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most ... | What was Timothy Geithner's position during the fall of 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
27
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"text": [
"U.S. Treasury Secretary"
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} | What was [MASK] position during [MASK]? | [
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57337343d058e614000b5b30 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficie... | How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen until June 2009? | {
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"nearly one-third"
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} | How much of the [MASK] lending mechanism was frozen until [MASK]? | [
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57337343d058e614000b5b31 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficie... | What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing? | {
"answer_start": [
599
],
"text": [
"the collapse of the shadow banking system"
]
} | What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing? | [
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57337343d058e614000b5b32 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficie... | What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism? | {
"answer_start": [
134
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"text": [
"Brookings Institution"
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} | What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism? | [
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57337343d058e614000b5b33 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficie... | What is likely to vanish forever, as a result of excessively loose credit conditions? | {
"answer_start": [
406
],
"text": [
"some forms of securitization"
]
} | What is likely to vanish forever, as a result of excessively loose credit conditions? | [
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57337343d058e614000b5b34 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficie... | As of June 2009, the Brookings Institution reports that traditional banking system does not have enough of what to close the lending gap? | {
"answer_start": [
206
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"capital"
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573374204776f41900660b02 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | There is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter of their collective net worth.[citation need... | How much net worth did Americans lose between June 2007 and November 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
256
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"text": [
"more than a quarter"
]
} | How much net worth did [MASK] lose [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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573374204776f41900660b03 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | There is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter of their collective net worth.[citation need... | In November 2008, how much was the U.S. stock index down from its 2007 high? | {
"answer_start": [
395
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"text": [
"45%"
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} | In [MASK], how much was the [MASK] stock index down from its [MASK] high? | [
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573374204776f41900660b04 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | There is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter of their collective net worth.[citation need... | In November 2008, how much had housing prices drop from their 2006 peak? | {
"answer_start": [
446
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"text": [
"20%"
]
} | In [MASK], how much had housing prices drop from their [MASK] peak? | [
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573374204776f41900660b05 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | There is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter of their collective net worth.[citation need... | How much was home equity valued in the United States at its peak in 2006? | {
"answer_start": [
588
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"text": [
"$13 trillion"
]
} | How much was home equity valued in [MASK] at its peak in [MASK]? | [
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573374204776f41900660b06 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | There is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter of their collective net worth.[citation need... | How much was home equity valued in the United States in mid-2008? | {
"answer_start": [
637
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"text": [
"$8.8 trillion"
]
} | How much was home equity valued in [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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57337520d058e614000b5b4c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In November 2008, economist Dean Baker observed: "There is a really good reason for tighter credit. Tens of millions of homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago have little or nothing today. Businesses are facing the worst downturn since the Great Depression. This matters for credit decisions.... | According to economist Dean Baker, a homeowner who has no equity if this type default risk? | {
"answer_start": [
584
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"serious"
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} | According to economist [MASK], a homeowner who has no equity if this type default risk? | [
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57337520d058e614000b5b4d | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In November 2008, economist Dean Baker observed: "There is a really good reason for tighter credit. Tens of millions of homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago have little or nothing today. Businesses are facing the worst downturn since the Great Depression. This matters for credit decisions.... | What is one of the major problems with the economy in November 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
985
],
"text": [
"loss of close to $6 trillion in housing wealth"
]
} | What is [MASK] of the major problems with the economy in [MASK]? | [
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57337520d058e614000b5b4e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In November 2008, economist Dean Baker observed: "There is a really good reason for tighter credit. Tens of millions of homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago have little or nothing today. Businesses are facing the worst downturn since the Great Depression. This matters for credit decisions.... | How many homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago, have little no equity as of November 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"Tens of millions"
]
} | How many homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes [MASK], have little no equity as of [MASK]? | [
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57337520d058e614000b5b4f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In November 2008, economist Dean Baker observed: "There is a really good reason for tighter credit. Tens of millions of homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago have little or nothing today. Businesses are facing the worst downturn since the Great Depression. This matters for credit decisions.... | What does the creditworthiness of businesses depend on? | {
"answer_start": [
673
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"text": [
"future profits"
]
} | What does the creditworthiness of businesses depend on? | [
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57337520d058e614000b5b50 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In November 2008, economist Dean Baker observed: "There is a really good reason for tighter credit. Tens of millions of homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago have little or nothing today. Businesses are facing the worst downturn since the Great Depression. This matters for credit decisions.... | How did profit prospects for businesses look in November 2008 compared to November 2007? | {
"answer_start": [
711
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"text": [
"much worse"
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} | How did profit prospects for businesses look in [MASK] compared to [MASK]? | [
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573376974776f41900660b3e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Several commentators have suggested that if the liquidity crisis continues, an extended recession or worse could occur. The continuing development of the crisis has prompted fears of a global economic collapse although there are now many cautiously optimistic forecasters in addition to some prominent sources who remain... | In 2008, what type collapse was feared? | {
"answer_start": [
185
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"global economic collapse"
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} | In [MASK], what type collapse was feared? | [
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573376974776f41900660b3f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Several commentators have suggested that if the liquidity crisis continues, an extended recession or worse could occur. The continuing development of the crisis has prompted fears of a global economic collapse although there are now many cautiously optimistic forecasters in addition to some prominent sources who remain... | What investment bank stated on October 6 that 2008 would see a global recession lasting for at least two years? | {
"answer_start": [
453
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"UBS"
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} | What investment bank stated on [MASK] that [MASK] would see a global recession lasting for [MASK]? | [
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573376974776f41900660b40 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Several commentators have suggested that if the liquidity crisis continues, an extended recession or worse could occur. The continuing development of the crisis has prompted fears of a global economic collapse although there are now many cautiously optimistic forecasters in addition to some prominent sources who remain... | On October 16, 2008, how long did UBS predict the United States' recession would last? | {
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1288
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"three quarters"
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} | On [MASK], how long did [MASK] predict [MASK] recession would last? | [
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573376974776f41900660b41 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Several commentators have suggested that if the liquidity crisis continues, an extended recession or worse could occur. The continuing development of the crisis has prompted fears of a global economic collapse although there are now many cautiously optimistic forecasters in addition to some prominent sources who remain... | Relative to the size of its economy, what country's banking collapse was the largest experienced by any country in economic history? | {
"answer_start": [
1472
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"Iceland"
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} | Relative to the size of its economy, what country's banking collapse was the largest experienced by any country in economic history? | [
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573376974776f41900660b42 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Several commentators have suggested that if the liquidity crisis continues, an extended recession or worse could occur. The continuing development of the crisis has prompted fears of a global economic collapse although there are now many cautiously optimistic forecasters in addition to some prominent sources who remain... | What was one of the actions taken by government to fix the financial crisis? | {
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"capital injection"
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573377904776f41900660b4d | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Brookings Institution reported in June 2009 that U.S. consumption accounted for more than a third of the growth in global consumption between 2000 and 2007. "The US economy has been spending too much and borrowing too much for years and the rest of the world depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global deman... | According to The Brookings Institution report in June 2009, how much growth did U.S. consumption account for between 2000 and 2007? | {
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84
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"more than a third"
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} | According to [MASK] report in [MASK], how much growth did [MASK] consumption account for [MASK]? | [
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573377904776f41900660b4e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Brookings Institution reported in June 2009 that U.S. consumption accounted for more than a third of the growth in global consumption between 2000 and 2007. "The US economy has been spending too much and borrowing too much for years and the rest of the world depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global deman... | For the first quarter of 2009, what was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in Germany? | {
"answer_start": [
525
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"14.4%"
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} | For [MASK], what was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in [MASK]? | [
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573377904776f41900660b4f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Brookings Institution reported in June 2009 that U.S. consumption accounted for more than a third of the growth in global consumption between 2000 and 2007. "The US economy has been spending too much and borrowing too much for years and the rest of the world depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global deman... | For the first quarter of 2009, what was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in Mexico? | {
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616
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"21.5%"
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} | For [MASK], what was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in [MASK]? | [
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573377904776f41900660b50 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Brookings Institution reported in June 2009 that U.S. consumption accounted for more than a third of the growth in global consumption between 2000 and 2007. "The US economy has been spending too much and borrowing too much for years and the rest of the world depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global deman... | Who depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global demand? | {
"answer_start": [
241
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"the rest of the world"
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} | Who depended on the [MASK] consumer as a source of global demand? | [
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573377904776f41900660b51 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Brookings Institution reported in June 2009 that U.S. consumption accounted for more than a third of the growth in global consumption between 2000 and 2007. "The US economy has been spending too much and borrowing too much for years and the rest of the world depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global deman... | What is one reason for the decline in growth around the world in 2009? | {
"answer_start": [
331
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"text": [
"recession in the U.S."
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} | What is [MASK] reason for the decline in growth around the world in [MASK]? | [
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573378a84776f41900660b57 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Some developing countries that had seen strong economic growth saw significant slowdowns. For example, growth forecasts in Cambodia show a fall from more than 10% in 2007 to close to zero in 2009, and Kenya may achieve only 3–4% growth in 2009, down from 7% in 2007. According to the research by the Overseas Development... | What is the growth forecast for Cambodia in 2009? | {
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174
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"close to zero"
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} | What is the growth forecast for [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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573378a84776f41900660b58 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Some developing countries that had seen strong economic growth saw significant slowdowns. For example, growth forecasts in Cambodia show a fall from more than 10% in 2007 to close to zero in 2009, and Kenya may achieve only 3–4% growth in 2009, down from 7% in 2007. According to the research by the Overseas Development... | How much were remittances sent from migrant workers in 2007? | {
"answer_start": [
485
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"$251 billion"
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} | How much were remittances sent from migrant workers in [MASK]? | [
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573378a84776f41900660b59 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Some developing countries that had seen strong economic growth saw significant slowdowns. For example, growth forecasts in Cambodia show a fall from more than 10% in 2007 to close to zero in 2009, and Kenya may achieve only 3–4% growth in 2009, down from 7% in 2007. According to the research by the Overseas Development... | How many people live below the poverty line in Bangladesh? | {
"answer_start": [
673
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"text": [
"300,000"
]
} | How many people live below the poverty line in [MASK]? | [
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573378a84776f41900660b5a | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Some developing countries that had seen strong economic growth saw significant slowdowns. For example, growth forecasts in Cambodia show a fall from more than 10% in 2007 to close to zero in 2009, and Kenya may achieve only 3–4% growth in 2009, down from 7% in 2007. According to the research by the Overseas Development... | What does Bruno Wenn of the German DEG recommend to attract new investors? | {
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911
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"sound economic policymaking and good governance"
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} | What does [MASK] of the [MASK] [MASK] recommend to attract new investors? | [
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573378a84776f41900660b5b | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Some developing countries that had seen strong economic growth saw significant slowdowns. For example, growth forecasts in Cambodia show a fall from more than 10% in 2007 to close to zero in 2009, and Kenya may achieve only 3–4% growth in 2009, down from 7% in 2007. According to the research by the Overseas Development... | According to Overseas Development Institute, what is one reason for the reduction in growth in developing countries? | {
"answer_start": [
374
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"text": [
"falls in trade"
]
} | According to [MASK], what is [MASK] reason for the reduction in growth in developing countries? | [
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5733797b4776f41900660b6b | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The World Bank reported in February 2009 that the Arab World was far less severely affected by the credit crunch. With generally good balance of payments positions coming into the crisis or with alternative sources of financing for their large current account deficits, such as remittances, Foreign Direct Investment (FD... | What area of the world was less severely affected by the credit crunch according to The World Bank report In February 2009? | {
"answer_start": [
50
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"text": [
"Arab World"
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} | What area of the world was less severely affected by the credit crunch according to The World Bank report In [MASK]? | [
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5733797b4776f41900660b6c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The World Bank reported in February 2009 that the Arab World was far less severely affected by the credit crunch. With generally good balance of payments positions coming into the crisis or with alternative sources of financing for their large current account deficits, such as remittances, Foreign Direct Investment (FD... | What does the abbreviation FDI stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
291
],
"text": [
"Foreign Direct Investment"
]
} | What does the abbreviation FDI stand for? | [
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5733797b4776f41900660b6d | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The World Bank reported in February 2009 that the Arab World was far less severely affected by the credit crunch. With generally good balance of payments positions coming into the crisis or with alternative sources of financing for their large current account deficits, such as remittances, Foreign Direct Investment (FD... | Arab countries entered the financial crisis in exceptionally strong positions giving them a cushion against this? | {
"answer_start": [
596
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"global downturn"
]
} | [MASK] countries entered the financial crisis in exceptionally strong positions giving them a cushion against this? | [
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5733797b4776f41900660b6e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The World Bank reported in February 2009 that the Arab World was far less severely affected by the credit crunch. With generally good balance of payments positions coming into the crisis or with alternative sources of financing for their large current account deficits, such as remittances, Foreign Direct Investment (FD... | What will have the greatest impact on the global economic crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
688
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"lower oil prices"
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} | What will have the greatest impact on the global economic crisis? | [
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5733797b4776f41900660b6f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The World Bank reported in February 2009 that the Arab World was far less severely affected by the credit crunch. With generally good balance of payments positions coming into the crisis or with alternative sources of financing for their large current account deficits, such as remittances, Foreign Direct Investment (FD... | What is the single most important determinant of economic performance? | {
"answer_start": [
802
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"text": [
"oil prices"
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} | What is the single most important determinant of economic performance? | [
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57337ebd4776f41900660bdb | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate s... | What was the U.S. unemployment rate in October 2009? | {
"answer_start": [
279
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"10.1%"
]
} | What was the [MASK] unemployment rate in [MASK]? | [
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57337ebd4776f41900660bdd | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate s... | What was the average hours per work week in October 2009? | {
"answer_start": [
413
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"text": [
"33"
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} | What was [MASK] per work week in [MASK]? | [
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57337ebd4776f41900660bda | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate s... | What was the annual rate of decrease for the output of goods and services produced by labor and property in 4Q 2008 and 1Q 2009? | {
"answer_start": [
138
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"text": [
"6%"
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} | What was the annual rate of decrease for the output of goods and services produced by labor and property in [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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57337ebd4776f41900660bdc | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate s... | The U.E. employment rate was 10.2% in October 2009, which was the highest rate since what year? | {
"answer_start": [
325
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"1983"
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} | The [MASK] employment rate was [MASK] in [MASK], which was the highest rate since what year? | [
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57337ebd4776f41900660bde | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate s... | The decline of gross domestic product also caused a decline in innovation, evidenced by the flat-lining of what? | {
"answer_start": [
633
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"text": [
"patent applications"
]
} | The decline of gross domestic product also caused a decline in innovation, evidenced by the flat-lining of what? | [
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573386814776f41900660ca1 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Majo... | Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem? | {
"answer_start": [
292
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"text": [
"faulty risk-weightings"
]
} | Critics argue that [MASK] does n't address which problem? | [
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573386814776f41900660ca4 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Majo... | What term describes creating risk-free assets out of high risk collateral? | {
"answer_start": [
370
],
"text": [
"financial engineering"
]
} | What term describes creating risk-free assets out of high risk collateral? | [
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0.1480772793292... | The local councils are responsible for providing the functions set out in the Local Government Act 1989 such as urban planning and waste management. Most other government services are provided or regulated by the Victorian state government, which governs from Parliament House in Spring Street. These include services wh... | On 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not offered to European states, bu... | Moreover, a conflict of interest between professional investment managers and their institutional clients, combined with a global glut in investment capital, led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets. Professional investment managers generally are compensated based on the volume of client as... | financial engineering | 9,047 |
573386814776f41900660ca0 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Majo... | What did European regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks? | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"Basel III regulations"
]
} | What did [MASK] regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks? | [
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In the Dutch equivalent of a wh-question the word order is: interrogative pronoun (or expression)... | On 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not offered to European states, bu... | While the concept of a "social market economy" was only introduced into EU law in 2007, free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome 1957. According to the standard theory of comparative advantage, two countries can both benefit from trade even if one of them has a less producti... | Basel III regulations | 9,048 |
573386814776f41900660ca2 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Majo... | Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments? | {
"answer_start": [
643
],
"text": [
"Johan Norberg"
]
} | Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments? | [
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573386814776f41900660ca3 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Majo... | What was increased by Basel III regulations? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"capital ratios"
]
} | What was increased by [MASK] regulations? | [
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573387494776f41900660caf | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financ... | When did the U.S. recession that began in December 2007 end? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"June 2009"
]
} | When did the [MASK] recession that began in [MASK] end? | [
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573387494776f41900660cb0 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financ... | When did the financial crisis appear to have ended? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"June 2009"
]
} | When did the financial crisis appear to have ended? | [
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0.1075096204... | Many faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event. Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone. The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence ... | In November 2008, economist Dean Baker observed: "There is a really good reason for tighter credit. Tens of millions of homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago have little or nothing today. Businesses are facing the worst downturn since the Great Depression. This matters for credit decisions.... | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil... | June 2009 | 9,052 |
573387494776f41900660cb3 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financ... | When does the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to? | {
"answer_start": [
370
],
"text": [
"2008"
]
} | When does [MASK] date the crisis to? | [
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573387494776f41900660cb1 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financ... | What was the name of the article that appeared in TIME magazine in April 2009 declaring the crisis over? | {
"answer_start": [
239
],
"text": [
"More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over.\""
]
} | What was the name of the article that appeared in [MASK] magazine in [MASK] declaring the crisis over? | [
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573387494776f41900660cb2 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financ... | On what date did President Barack Obama declare that the markets are stabilized? | {
"answer_start": [
411
],
"text": [
"January 27, 2010"
]
} | On what date did President [MASK] declare that the markets are stabilized? | [
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573388854776f41900660cb9 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing ec... | Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"\"emerging\" and \"developing\" economies"
]
} | Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis? | [
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573388854776f41900660cba | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing ec... | How much global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014? | {
"answer_start": [
342
],
"text": [
"69%"
]
} | How much global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from [MASK]? | [
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573388854776f41900660cbd | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing ec... | What relationship between advanced and emerging/developing was completely overturned by the financial crisis of 2007? | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"global economic growth"
]
} | What relationship between advanced and emerging / developing was completely overturned by the financial crisis of [MASK]? | [
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573388854776f41900660cbb | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing ec... | How much global GDP did "advanced" economies account for from 2007 to 2014? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"31%"
]
} | How much global GDP did" advanced" economies account for from [MASK]? | [
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573388854776f41900660cbc | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing ec... | What economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Advanced economies"
]
} | What economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? | [
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0.256238996... | The foundation of Northwestern University is traceable to a meeting on May 31, 1850 of nine prominent Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders and attorneys who had formed the idea of establishing a university to serve what had once been known as the Northwest Territory. On January 28, 1851, the Illinois General Assembly... | Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on o... | This boom in innovative financial products went hand in hand with more complexity. It multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage (including mortgage brokers, specialized originators, the securitizers and their due diligence firms, managing agents and trading desks, and finally investors, insurances ... | Advanced economies | 9,060 |
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