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The impact of American Idol is also strongly felt in musical theatre, where many of Idol alumni have forged successful careers. The striking effect of former American Idol contestants on Broadway has been noted and commented on. The casting of a popular Idol contestant can lead to significantly increased ticket sales. ...
Which American Idol contestant won an Oscar for Dreamgirls?
{'text': 'Jennifer Hudson', 'answer_start': 402}
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In boundary scan testing, test circuits integrated into various ICs on the board form temporary connections between the PCB traces to test that the ICs are mounted correctly. Boundary scan testing requires that all the ICs to be tested use a standard test configuration procedure, the most common one being the Joint Tes...
The JAG test architecture provides a means to what?
{'text': 'test interconnects between integrated circuits on a board without using physical test probes', 'answer_start': 399}
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Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious musi...
What did Sayat Nova create besides the Armenian alphabet?
{'text': 'chants', 'answer_start': 348}
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The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo...
Of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, how many were parties to the treaty?
{'text': 'only two', 'answer_start': 140}
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The thorax is a tagma composed of three sections, the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax. The anterior segment, closest to the head, is the prothorax, with the major features being the first pair of legs and the pronotum. The middle segment is the mesothorax, with the major features being the second pair of legs ...
The prothrorax is what segment of the insect?
{'text': 'anterior', 'answer_start': 100}
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St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1...
Where were fishermen encouraged to set up permanet settlements?
{'text': 'along the English controlled coast', 'answer_start': 648}
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Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island. Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme do not cover Norfolk Island. All visitors to Norfolk Island, including Australians, are recommended to purchase travel insurance. Although the hospital can perform minor surgery, serious medical conditions ...
What is the name of the only medical center on Norfolk Island?
{'text': 'Norfolk Island Hospital', 'answer_start': 0}
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With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn...
When did his sister come to stay with Chopin?
{'text': 'June 1849', 'answer_start': 91}
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According to Martin Heidegger we do not exist inside time, we are time. Hence, the relationship to the past is a present awareness of having been, which allows the past to exist in the present. The relationship to the future is the state of anticipating a potential possibility, task, or engagement. It is related to the...
What is broken when we are stuck in sequential time?
{'text': 'a linear relationship with time', 'answer_start': 673}
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The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista...
Who is credited with discovering zinc?
{'text': 'Andreas Sigismund Marggraf', 'answer_start': 118}
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The Tennessee income tax does not apply to salaries and wages, but most income from stock, bonds and notes receivable is taxable. All taxable dividends and interest which exceed the $1,250 single exemption or the $2,500 joint exemption are taxable at the rate of 6%. The state's sales and use tax rate for most items is ...
Above which amount is inheritance tax applied in Tennessee?
{'text': '$1,000,000', 'answer_start': 991}
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"New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun unde...
When was this branding first used?
{'text': '1994', 'answer_start': 145}
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Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi...
What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use globally?
{'text': '43%-46%', 'answer_start': 173}
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Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
What is not an example of an extreme form of fear?
{'text': 'terror', 'answer_start': 466}
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The FAA gradually assumed additional functions. The hijacking epidemic of the 1960s had already brought the agency into the field of civil aviation security. In response to the hijackings on September 11, 2001, this responsibility is now primarily taken by the Department of Homeland Security. The FAA became more involv...
When was legislation passed that gave the agency management of a new airport aide program?
{'text': '1970', 'answer_start': 449}
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State schools in Somerset are provided by three local education authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, and the larger Somerset County Council. All state schools are comprehensive. In some areas primary, infant and junior schools cater for ages four to eleven, after which the pupils move on to second...
How many private secondary schools are there in North Somerset?
{'text': '17', 'answer_start': 532}
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In December 1994, TCM debuted "TCM Remembers", a tribute to recently deceased notable film personalities (including actors, producers, composers, directors, writers and cinematographers) that occasionally airs during promotional breaks between films. The segments appear in two forms: individual tributes and a longer en...
Along with individual tributes, what form did TCM Remembers occur in?
{'text': 'end-of-year compilation', 'answer_start': 318}
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Athanasius knew Greek and admitted not knowing Hebrew [see, e.g., the 39th Festal Letter of St. Athan.]. The Old Testament passages he quotes frequently come from the Septuagint Greek translation. Only rarely did he use other Greek versions (to Aquila once in the Ecthesis, to other versions once or twice on the Psalms)...
What did teachers learn in the school in Alexandria?
{'text': 'Septuagint Greek', 'answer_start': 167}
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The back of the cartridge bears a label with instructions on handling. Production and software revision codes were imprinted as stamps on the back label to correspond with the software version and producer. With the exception of The Legend of Zelda and Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, manufactured in gold-plastic carts...
What is the standard color of all other cartridges?
{'text': 'gray', 'answer_start': 383}
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1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conven...
What type of carrier is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov?
{'text': 'STOBAR', 'answer_start': 2}
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The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab cali...
What academy was the most important medical center of the world at the time and became Islamicized after the Arab invasions?
{'text': 'Academy of Gunde Shapur', 'answer_start': 727}
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Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to f...
Whose living conditions, education, and industry outpaced the other Soviet Republics?
{'text': 'Tajikistan', 'answer_start': 456}
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Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible ...
Why can paradoxes arise?
{'text': 'because they have not arisen', 'answer_start': 113}
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Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them. Bookmarks are also called "Favorites" in Internet Explorer. In addition, all major web browsers have some form of built-in web feed aggregator. In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as "live bookmar...
How do bookmarks behave in IE?
{'text': 'like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed', 'answer_start': 335}
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According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes. After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed he...
What did Beatrice do to her mothers diaries after her death?
{'text': 'transcribed and edited', 'answer_start': 350}
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Contemporary a cappella includes many vocal groups and bands who add vocal percussion or beatboxing to create a pop/rock/gospel sound, in some cases very similar to bands with instruments. Examples of such professional groups include Straight No Chaser, Pentatonix, The House Jacks, Rockapella, Mosaic, and M-pact. There...
What has maintained a strong presence in all types of worship?
{'text': 'a cappella', 'answer_start': 343}
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In 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongo...
What years did Ögedei Khan rule?
{'text': '1229–1241', 'answer_start': 423}
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Despite reports of arms entering the country prior to the election and some "disturbances during campaigning," including attacks on government offices by unidentified gunmen, foreign election monitors described the 2005 election overall as "calm and organized".
How did foreign election monitors describe the election?
{'text': '"calm and organized"', 'answer_start': 240}
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Hayek had a long-standing and close friendship with philosopher of science Karl Popper, also from Vienna. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, "I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski." (See Hacohen, 2000). Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutat...
Hayek dedicated many of his papers to Popper based on a dedication Popper made to him in which of his work?
{'text': 'Conjectures and Refutations', 'answer_start': 297}
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In general, USB cables have only plugs on their ends, while hosts and devices have only receptacles. Hosts almost universally have Type-A receptacles, while devices have one or another Type-B variety. Type-A plugs mate only with Type-A receptacles, and the same applies to their Type-B counterparts; they are deliberatel...
USB cables and device have only what on their ends?
{'text': 'plugs', 'answer_start': 33}
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While Japan had a large number of submarines, they did not make a significant impact on the war. In 1942, the Japanese fleet subs performed well, knocking out or damaging many Allied warships. However, Imperial Japanese Navy (and pre-war U.S.) doctrine stipulated that only fleet battles, not guerre de course (commerce ...
When was the Japanese submarine offensive against Australia?
{'text': '1942 and 1943', 'answer_start': 664}
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Seizing the opportunity to increase his presence on Fleet Street, he made an agreement with the print unions, promising fewer redundancies if he acquired the newspaper. He assured IPC that he would publish a "straightforward, honest newspaper" which would continue to support Labour. IPC, under pressure from the unions,...
What was the price paid for the newspaper?
{'text': '£800,000', 'answer_start': 380}
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The Kpelle comprise more than 20% of the population and are the largest ethnic group in Liberia, residing mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia. Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of African American and West Indian, mostly Barbadian settlers, make up 2.5%. Congo people, descendants of repatri...
Americo-Liberian descendants make up what percentage of African Americans?
{'text': '2.5%', 'answer_start': 278}
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Another approach to hardware support for database management was ICL's CAFS accelerator, a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities. In the long term, these efforts were generally unsuccessful because specialized database machines could not keep pace with the rapid development and progress of gene...
What are rarely seen nowadays?
{'text': 'software systems running on general-purpose hardware', 'answer_start': 383}
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Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. Th...
How many frets did the Lombardi have?
{'text': '20 frets', 'answer_start': 329}
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Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we...
Who manufactured the hard drives for the first iPods?
{'text': 'Toshiba', 'answer_start': 807}
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The Battle for Mexico City was the series of engagements from September 8 to September 15, 1847, in the general vicinity of Mexico City during the Mexican–American War. Included are major actions at the battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, culminating with the fall of Mexico City. The U.S. Army under Winfield Sco...
What war did America and Mexico fight in?
{'text': 'Mexican–American War', 'answer_start': 147}
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Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geogr...
All individual groups shared a uncommon style of what?
{'text': 'stone tool production', 'answer_start': 445}
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In 1814, a secret organization called the Filiki Eteria (Society of Friends) was founded with the aim of liberating Greece. The Filiki Eteria planned to launch revolution in the Peloponnese, the Danubian Principalities and Constantinople. The first of these revolts began on 6 March 1821 in the Danubian Principalities u...
In which year did the Society of Friends begin?
{'text': '1814', 'answer_start': 3}
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The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489 billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than Austria's, Venezuela's, or South Africa's GDP. Only 26 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceedi...
ow many other countries have a gross domestic product exceeding Texas's?
{'text': '26', 'answer_start': 241}
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Law enforcement, however, constitutes only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaini...
What kind of service aren't police?
{'text': 'public sector', 'answer_start': 490}
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The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio...
What 3 US organizations have called for the banning of medical organizations and the production of food animals?
{'text': 'American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)', 'answer_start': 246}
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The first session ended in a solemn ceremony on 8 December 1962 with the next session scheduled to occur in 1963 from 12 May to 29 June – this was announced on 12 November 1962. John XXIII's closing speech made subtle references to Pope Pius IX, and he had expressed the desire to see Pius IX beatified and eventually ca...
When was the next session scheduled?
{'text': '1963 from 12 May to 29 June', 'answer_start': 108}
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In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in So...
Whose assumption of power continued the era of stagnation?
{'text': 'Mikhail Gorbachev', 'answer_start': 255}
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One of the most important events of the 19th century was the rise of Indian nationalism, leading Indians to seek first "self-rule" and later "complete independence". However, historians are divided over the causes of its rise. Probable reasons include a "clash of interests of the Indian people with British interests", ...
What did Indian first want as government?
{'text': 'self-rule', 'answer_start': 120}
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The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations in the na...
What kinds of programming appear on KUJH-LP?
{'text': 'public affairs', 'answer_start': 166}
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Northwestern's School of Communication has been especially fruitful in the number of actors, actresses, playwrights, and film and television writers and directors it has produced. Alumni who have made their mark on film and television include Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, Jodie Markell, Paul Lynde, David Schwimmer, Anne ...
Who founded the Amsterdam based comedy theater Boom Chicago?
{'text': 'Alumni', 'answer_start': 180}
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In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing wa...
What did desktop publishing disable users from doing?
{'text': 'design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics', 'answer_start': 165}
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Following the glass batch preparation and mixing, the raw materials are transported to the furnace. Soda-lime glass for mass production is melted in gas fired units. Smaller scale furnaces for specialty glasses include electric melters, pot furnaces, and day tanks. After melting, homogenization and refining (removal of...
What is used on the surface of jar glasses to make them smooth?
{'text': 'nitrogen', 'answer_start': 739}
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When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean ...
Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962?
{'text': 'Emperor Haile Selassie', 'answer_start': 5}
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During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madaris through a religious endowment known as the waqf. Not only was the madrasa a potent symbol of status but it was an effective means of transmitting wealth and status to thei...
Which class of people founded the madaris during the ancient period?
{'text': 'ruling elite', 'answer_start': 120}
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Victoria's youngest son, Leopold, was affected by the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B and two of her five daughters, Alice and Beatrice, were carriers. Royal haemophiliacs descended from Victoria included her great-grandsons, Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Gonzalo of Spain. Th...
Who was Queen Victoria's father rumored to be instead of the Duke of Kent?
{'text': 'a haemophiliac', 'answer_start': 475}
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The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV...
Missionaries from which country started The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu?
{'text': 'Scotland', 'answer_start': 210}
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Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government. St John of Damascus was also a high administrator in the Umayyad administration. As the Muslims took over cities, they left the peoples political representatives and the Roman tax collectors and the adm...
Who reduced the taxes of the people who converted to Islam?
{'text': 'Umayyads', 'answer_start': 692}
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The U.S. Army black beret (having been permanently replaced with the patrol cap) is no longer worn with the new ACU for garrison duty. After years of complaints that it wasn't suited well for most work conditions, Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey eliminated it for wear with the ACU in June 2011. Soldiers stil...
What color beret does a soldier in a unit with permanent status wear?
{'text': 'maroon', 'answer_start': 429}
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Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast. There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout. The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porte...
What do you call a dark beer that is brewed with roasted malts or barley?
{'text': 'Stout and porter', 'answer_start': 0}
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Counting shipping as quasi-exports and in terms of monetary value, Greece ranked 4th globally in 2011 having "exported" shipping services worth 17,704.132 million $; only Denmark, Germany and South Korea ranked higher during that year. Similarly counting shipping services provided to Greece by other countries as quasi-...
What was the shipping services imported by Greece in 2011 worth?
{'text': '7,076.605 million US$', 'answer_start': 502}
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Trade secret misappropriation is different from violations of other intellectual property laws, since by definition trade secrets are secret, while patents and registered copyrights and trademarks are publicly available. In the United States, trade secrets are protected under state law, and states have nearly universal...
What secrets this federal law protect?
{'text': 'Trade secret', 'answer_start': 0}
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In 1353 Bern joined the Swiss Confederacy, becoming one of the eight cantons of the formative period of 1353 to 1481. Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories; thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps, by the 18th century comprising most of what i...
What year did Bern invade Aargau?
{'text': '1415', 'answer_start': 155}
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Societies tend to come and go, of course, depending on the special enthusiasms of the masters and boys in the school at the time, but some have been in existence many years. Those in existence at present include: Aeronautical, African, Alexander Cozens (Art), Amnesty, Archeological, Architectural, Astronomy, Banks (con...
What is the interest of the Savile club at Eton?
{'text': 'Rare Books and Manuscripts', 'answer_start': 755}
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At the start of John's reign there was a sudden change in prices, as bad harvests and high demand for food resulted in much higher prices for grain and animals. This inflationary pressure was to continue for the rest of the 13th century and had long-term economic consequences for England. The resulting social pressures...
When did John address problems with the English currency?
{'text': '1204 and 1205', 'answer_start': 1134}
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The Appalachian belt includes, with the ranges enumerated above, the plateaus sloping southward to the Atlantic Ocean in New England, and south-eastward to the border of the coastal plain through the central and southern Atlantic states; and on the north-west, the Allegheny and Cumberland plateaus declining toward the ...
What is the climate like on the summits?
{'text': 'None of the summits reaches the region of perpetual snow.', 'answer_start': 948}
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Because of its limited land area, Bermuda has had difficulty with over-population. In the first two centuries of settlement, it relied on steady human emigration to keep the population manageable.[citation needed] Before the American Revolution more than ten thousand Bermudians (over half of the total population throug...
What was the main industry in the 18th century?
{'text': 'seafaring', 'answer_start': 572}
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Besides parents, Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was detained on June 25, 2008 for "disseminating rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan earthquake. Liu’s family was later told that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion. Liu had travelled to the Shifang, ...
What was Liu's family told?
{'text': 'that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion', 'answer_start': 205}
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In 2014 attention was drawn to an appeal to the New Zealand Immigration and Protection Tribunal against the deportation of a Tuvaluan family on the basis that they were "climate change refugees", who would suffer hardship resulting from the environmental degradation of Tuvalu. However the subsequent grant of residence ...
What feature was missing in the climate change claims?
{'text': 'persecution or serious harm', 'answer_start': 950}
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There is a sizeable Greek minority of about 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey, which numbered upwards of 200,000 people after the 1923 exchange, has now dwindled to a few thousand, after the 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrim...
What other countries don't boast of a Greek populace?
{'text': '105,000', 'answer_start': 44}
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The United States has become essentially a two-party system. Since a conservative (such as the Republican Party) and liberal (such as the Democratic Party) party has usually been the status quo within American politics. The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican do...
What were the first parties in the united States called?
{'text': 'Federalist and Republican', 'answer_start': 250}
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Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-governme...
What country formed a political union with Libya in 1974?
{'text': 'Tunisia', 'answer_start': 81}
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In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de...
What kind od belts often formed during the Proterozoic period?
{'text': 'Greenstone belts', 'answer_start': 178}
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In the late nineteenth century, two black Congressmen were elected from North Carolina's 2nd district, the last in 1898. George Henry White sought to promote civil rights for blacks and to challenge efforts by white Democrats to reduce black voting by new discriminatory laws. They were unsuccessful. In 1900, the state ...
When did the two black congressmen retire?
{'text': '1898', 'answer_start': 115}
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The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There were attempts to ...
During what event was Legalism abolished?
{'text': 'the Cultural Revolution', 'answer_start': 732}
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Mexico has a large number of department stores based in Mexico, of which the most traditional are El Palacio de Hierro (High end and luxury goods) and Liverpool (Upper-middle income), with its middle income sister store Fabricas de Francia. Sanborns owns over 100 middle income level stores throughout the country. Grupo...
What company is responsible for over 200 stores in the country?
{'text': 'Sanborns', 'answer_start': 241}
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Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from bei...
What happens if a weevil eats from an ibex?
{'text': 'Amensalism', 'answer_start': 0}
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In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. The grammatical differences between "fixed-word-o...
What is it sometimes unnecessary to reinterpret when translating?
{'text': 'grammatical structure', 'answer_start': 178}
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New York City also has an extensive web of expressways and parkways, which link the city's boroughs to each other as well as to northern New Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern Connecticut through various bridges and tunnels. Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban resi...
What geographical portion of Connecticut is linked to New York via highway?
{'text': 'southwestern', 'answer_start': 186}
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It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and ...
What did Whitehead view as the first nature of God?
{'text': 'consequent nature', 'answer_start': 608}
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Since the beginning of the study of electricity non conductive materials like glass, porcelain, paper and mica have been used as insulators. These materials some decades later were also well-suited for further use as the dielectric for the first capacitors. Paper capacitors made by sandwiching a strip of impregnated pa...
Besides porcelain, paper and mica, what other non conductive material was used as an insulator?
{'text': 'glass', 'answer_start': 78}
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The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania. The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania, John Moore, wrote of attending lodges there in 1715, two years before the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London. The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731, b...
Where were the earliest lodges in America?
{'text': 'Pennsylvania', 'answer_start': 43}
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EU member countries have shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals. In 2010, Eurobarometer polled the twenty-seven EU member states about the target "to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent by 2020". Most people in all twenty-seven countries either approved of the target or called for...
Who has shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals?
{'text': 'EU member countries', 'answer_start': 0}
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Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which op...
What are three divisions not involved with RIBA Enterprises?
{'text': 'RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing', 'answer_start': 21}
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High-voltage AC overhead systems are not only for standard gauge national networks. The meter gauge Rhaetian Railway (RhB) and the neighbouring Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB) operate on 11 kV at 16.7 Hz frequency. Practice has proven that both Swiss and German 15 kV trains can operate under these lower voltages. The Rh...
Low-voltage AC overhead systems are not only for what?
{'text': 'standard gauge national networks', 'answer_start': 50}
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Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties rep...
How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit?
{'text': 'since 1888', 'answer_start': 227}
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In 712, Arab Muslim general Muhammad bin Qasim conquered most of the Indus region in modern-day Pakistan for the Umayyad Empire, incorporating it as the "As-Sindh" province with its capital at Al-Mansurah, 72 km (45 mi) north of modern Hyderabad in Sindh, Pakistan. After several incursions, the Hindu kings east of Indu...
In what area did the Indian Kings contain the Arabs?
{'text': 'Sindh in Pakistan', 'answer_start': 416}
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The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units. The data being passed can be considered as "message packets" and the range or data types can be checked, for data generated fr...
What is one option for interface integration?
{'text': 'separate log file of data items being passed, often with a timestamp logged to allow analysis of thousands of cases of data passed', 'answer_start': 442}
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In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), ...
Spectre passed which movie to have the largest per screen opening average?
{'text': 'The Dark Knight', 'answer_start': 690}
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The term Nederduits, however introduced new confusion, since the non standardised dialects spoken in the north of Germany came to be known as Niederdeutsch as well, and thus the Duits reference in the name was dropped, leading to Nederlands as designation to refer to the Dutch language. The repeated use of Neder (or "l...
What does the word "Neder" translate to in English?
{'text': 'low', 'answer_start': 319}
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She is the only woman directly named in the Qur'an; declared (uniquely along with Jesus) to be a Sign of God to humanity; as one who "guarded her chastity"; an obedient one; chosen of her mother and dedicated to Allah whilst still in the womb; uniquely (amongst women) Accepted into service by God; cared for by (one of ...
To whom was Mary dedicated while still in the womb?
{'text': 'Allah', 'answer_start': 212}
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From the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicle), but there were als...
What did not escalate in full scale wars?
{'text': 'sporadic raids into the lands of Rus', 'answer_start': 126}
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This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the inf...
Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house JD?
{'text': 'david padilla', 'answer_start': 392}
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Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and Clementi; he used Clementi's piano method with his own students. He was also influenced by Hummel's development of virtuoso, yet Mozartian, piano technique. He cited Bach and Mozart as the two most important composers in shaping his musical outlook. C...
Whose piano method did Chopin use with his students?
{'text': 'Clementi', 'answer_start': 69}
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In the Kingdom of Holland, the British launched the Walcheren Campaign to open up a second front in the war and to relieve the pressure on the Austrians. The British army only landed at Walcheren on 30 July, by which point the Austrians had already been defeated. The Walcheren Campaign was characterized by little fight...
What was the name of the campaign by the British in Holland that created a second front in the war?
{'text': 'the Walcheren Campaign', 'answer_start': 48}
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A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts. But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation. Decisions of a Court of Appeals, for instance, are binding only in the circuit over which the court...
Which is the only court unable to determine constitutionality?
{'text': 'Supreme Court', 'answer_start': 35}
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In the 11th century, a turbulent period occurred in the history of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Indian Chola navy crossed the ocean and attacked the Srivijaya kingdom of Sangrama Vijayatungavarman in Kadaram (Kedah), the capital of the powerful maritime kingdom was sacked and the king was taken captive. Along with Kada...
Which king of Kedah converted to Islam in the year 1267?
{'text': 'Phra Ong Mahawangsa', 'answer_start': 448}
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Since the mid-2000s, the mainstreaming of bands like Wilco and Feist have pushed indie rock into the adult contemporary conversation. In the early 2010s, indie musicians like Imagine Dragons, Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, The Lumineers and Ed Sheeran also had indie songs that crossed over to the adult contemporary...
Along with Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, Ed Sheeran and The Lumineers, what indie artist has had adult contemporary success?
{'text': 'Imagine Dragons', 'answer_start': 175}
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The earliest clear evidence of hair or fur is in fossils of Castorocauda, from 164 million years ago in the Middle Jurassic. In the 1950s, it was suggested that the foramina (passages) in the maxillae and premaxillae (bones in the front of the upper jaw) of cynodonts were channels which supplied blood vessels and nerve...
When was it suggested that foramina premaxillae could contain the first know hairs?
{'text': '1950s', 'answer_start': 132}
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When Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997 following the company's purchase of NeXT, he ordered that the OS that had been previewed as version 7.7 be branded Mac OS 8 (in place of the never-to-appear Copland OS). Since Apple had licensed only System 7 to third parties, this move effectively ended the clone line. The dec...
Who returned to Apple in 1997?
{'text': 'Steve Jobs', 'answer_start': 5}
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The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trai...
What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the UK?
{'text': 'William Westmoreland', 'answer_start': 400}
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Anthropology of development tends to view development from a critical perspective. The kind of issues addressed and implications for the approach simply involve pondering why, if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing? Why is there such a gap between plans and outcomes? Why are those work...
What looks for the connections between plans and outcomes?
{'text': 'Anthropology of development', 'answer_start': 0}
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Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it. In this view, God is not anthropomorphic, and neither answers prayers nor produces miracles. Common in Deism is a belief that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of ...
What does a pandeistic god not do?
{'text': 'neither answers prayers nor produces miracles', 'answer_start': 179}
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In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this y...
In what year did the system begin operations in Japan?
{'text': '2011', 'answer_start': 12}