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336 | 336 | 138429 | pubqa | This study describes two drinking water outbreaks in Finland in 2016 (outbreak I) and 2018 (outbreak II). Both outbreaks caused approximately 450 illness cases and were due to drinking water pipe breakage and subsequent wastewater intrusion into the distribution system. In both outbreaks, the sapovirus was found in pat... | What are the symptoms?
| {'answer_id': 275043, 'document_id': 450707, 'question_id': 138429, 'text': 'abdominal pain (94%, 101/107), nausea (91%, 100/110), diarrhea (89%, 100/112), abdominal swelling (83%, 86/104), muscular pain (66%, 64/97), vomiting (53%, 52/98) and feve', 'answer_start': 2110, 'answer_category': 'LONG'} |
92,876 | 92,534 | 5728f95d6aef05140015490c | generic | Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that ma... | What defined the samurais' code? | {'text': 'Confucian law', 'answer_start': 348} |
18,931 | 18,589 | 5ad50e3e5b96ef001a10ab1f | generic | Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organ... | Which agency nationally regulates dioxins? | {'text': 'Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants', 'answer_start': 280} |
128,338 | 127,996 | 5ad2afe5d7d075001a429f25 | generic | Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different... | What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology developed from? | {'text': 'cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies', 'answer_start': 817} |
73,648 | 73,306 | 5a8c8cd0fd22b3001a8d8a9f | generic | It is very rare for top clubs to miss the competition, although it can happen in exceptional circumstances. Defending holders Manchester United did not enter the 1999–2000 FA Cup, as they were already in the inaugural Club World Championship, with the club stating that entering both tournaments would overload their fix... | Did the club later regret pulling out of the Club World Championship? | {'text': 'Sir Alex Ferguson later admitted his regret regarding their handling of the situation', 'answer_start': 825} |
97,905 | 97,563 | 5ace7f7832bba1001ae4a851 | generic | Nevertheless, Makdisi has asserted that the European university borrowed many of its features from the Islamic madrasa, including the concepts of a degree and doctorate. Makdisi and Hugh Goddard have also highlighted other terms and concepts now used in modern universities which most likely have Islamic origins, includ... | How many corollaries dd Makdisi make between non-Islamic language and non-European educational practices? | {'text': 'eighteen', 'answer_start': 934} |
2,985 | 2,643 | 56cf469eaab44d1400b88f00 | generic | In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing. In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first director t... | Neal Purvis and Robert Wade have worked on how many Bond films? | {'text': 'six', 'answer_start': 572} |
10,878 | 10,536 | 5acf9e6477cf76001a68556c | generic | Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s... | How does architecture differ from other sciences? | {'text': 'functional aspects', 'answer_start': 87} |
15,916 | 15,574 | 5acd2a8c07355d001abf378d | generic | Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced... | What is strongly voiced? | {'text': 'muddy consonants', 'answer_start': 148} |
53,772 | 53,430 | 5725f32589a1e219009ac0e8 | generic | In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. Th... | What year did the cubs record a Major League record of 116 wins? | {'text': '1906', 'answer_start': 3} |
121,219 | 120,877 | 57313c1205b4da19006bcf06 | generic | Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. ... | When was the famous mosaic "The Beauty of Durres" created? | {'text': 'the 4th-century BC', 'answer_start': 137} |
11,669 | 11,327 | 56de7567cffd8e1900b4b942 | generic | Schwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding, and his legacy is commemorated in the Arnold Classic annual bodybuilding competition. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent face in the bodybuilding sport long after his retirement, in part because of his ownership of gyms a... | What bodybuilding competition is named after Schwarzenegger? | {'text': 'the Arnold Classic', 'answer_start': 128} |
20,862 | 20,520 | 56e79cbc37bdd419002c422d | generic | The year 2000 brought heightened interest in the AFL. Then-St. Louis Rams quarterback Kurt Warner, who was MVP of Super Bowl XXXIV, was first noticed because he played quarterback for the AFL's Iowa Barnstormers. While many sports commentators and fans continued to ridicule the league, Warner's story gave the league po... | What NFL team did Kurt Warner play for? | {'text': 'St. Louis Rams', 'answer_start': 59} |
19,942 | 19,600 | 56e77fd737bdd419002c4045 | generic | Tristan da Cunha /ˈtrɪstən də ˈkuːnjə/, colloquially Tristan, is both a remote group of volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean and the main island of that group. It is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world, lying 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest inhabited land, Saint Helena, 2,400 kilomet... | what type of islands are the Tristan da Cunha | {'text': 'volcanic', 'answer_start': 88} |
46,675 | 46,333 | 571a90d74faf5e1900b8aa98 | generic | Athanasius's episcopate began on 9 May 328 as the Alexandrian Council elected Athanasius to succeed the aged Alexander. That council also denounced various heresies and schisms, many of which continued to preoccupy his 45-year-long episcopate (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373). Patriarch Athanasius spent over 17 years in five... | The churches of what countries were in his territory? | {'text': 'Egypt and Libya', 'answer_start': 718} |
76,537 | 76,195 | 57277778dd62a815002e9d9d | generic | According to the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 15:4), Jesus was raised from the dead ("on the third day" counting the day of crucifixion as the first) and according to the canonical Gospels, appeared to his disciples on different occasions before ascending to heaven. The account given in Acts of the Apostles... | Which writing detailed Jesus' appearance before ascension? | {'text': 'canonical Gospels', 'answer_start': 183} |
103,124 | 102,782 | 5731cca5e17f3d140042240b | generic | Spielberg prefers working with production members with whom he has developed an existing working relationship. An example of this is his production relationship with Kathleen Kennedy who has served as producer on all his major films from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to the recent Lincoln. For cinematography, Allen Daviau... | Which film did Kaminski first work with Spielberg on? | {'text': "Schindler's List", 'answer_start': 502} |
29,437 | 29,095 | 5706a0a975f01819005e7c70 | generic | New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August... | On what date was the National Museum formally inaugurated? | {'text': '15 August 1949', 'answer_start': 311} |
125,726 | 125,384 | 573363724776f41900660996 | generic | Stock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, and their reliance on bad models, and framed... | What journalist from the New York Times stated his believe in Nassim Nicholas Taleb? | {'text': 'David Brooks', 'answer_start': 568} |
63,400 | 63,058 | 5a7124570efcfe001a8afd6d | generic | Though pesticide regulations differ from country to country, pesticides, and products on which they were used are traded across international borders. To deal with inconsistencies in regulations among countries, delegates to a conference of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization adopted an International C... | When was the UN Food and Agriculture Organization founded? | {'text': '1985', 'answer_start': 380} |
19,800 | 19,458 | 5a7b67b621c2de001afe9fd2 | generic | Many of NARA's most requested records are frequently used for genealogy research. This includes census records from 1790 to 1930, ships' passenger lists, and naturalization records. | During what period did Europeans immigrate to the US? | {'text': '1790 to 1930', 'answer_start': 116} |
114,995 | 114,653 | 57302ae6b2c2fd14005689bf | generic | The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead wa... | How many volumes is the biography of Whitehead? | {'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 4} |
57,021 | 56,679 | 57264eee708984140094c1f7 | generic | Napoleon was born on 15 August 1769, to Carlo Maria di Buonaparte and Maria Letizia Ramolino, in his family's ancestral home Casa Buonaparte in Ajaccio, the capital of the island of Corsica. He was their fourth child and third son. This was a year after the island was transferred to France by the Republic of Genoa. He ... | Napoleon was most likely named after what family relation? | {'text': 'an uncle', 'answer_start': 381} |
12,100 | 11,758 | 56df72255ca0a614008f9a6b | generic | Plymouth has about 150 churches and its Roman Catholic cathedral (1858) is in Stonehouse. The city's oldest church is St Andrew's (Anglican) located at the top of Royal Parade—it is the largest parish church in Devon and has been a site of gathering since AD 800. The city also includes five Baptist churches, over twent... | How many churches are present in Plymouth? | {'text': '150', 'answer_start': 19} |
120,062 | 119,720 | 57313c06e6313a140071cd64 | generic | Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then t... | What did the treaty give to the Russians? | {'text': 'territory and trading rights', 'answer_start': 202} |
49,500 | 49,158 | 5ad176e7645df0001a2d1d21 | generic | In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert... | How did Victoria realize that her mother slightly loved her? | {'text': "Through reading her mother's papers", 'answer_start': 66} |
120,606 | 120,264 | 5ad4d31b5b96ef001a10a205 | generic | Red was the color of the banner of the Byzantine emperors. In Western Europe, Emperor Charlemagne painted his palace red as a very visible symbol of his authority, and wore red shoes at his coronation. Kings, princes and, beginning in 1295, Roman Catholic cardinals began to wear red costumes. When Abbe Suger rebuilt Sa... | What did Suger Abbe add to the Saint Denis Basilica? | {'text': 'stained glass windows', 'answer_start': 389} |
9,018 | 8,676 | 5a6b1e6ba9e0c9001a4e9eed | generic | In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FA... | What would the Internet Archive have to do if requested by someone whose content is available on robots.txt files? | {'text': 'delete pages from its system', 'answer_start': 193} |
95,408 | 95,066 | 572a33f0af94a219006aa894 | generic | Under the CBC's current arrangement with Rogers Communications for National Hockey League broadcast rights, Hockey Night in Canada broadcasts on CBC-owned stations and affiliates are not technically aired over the CBC Television network, but over a separate CRTC-licensed part-time network operated by Rogers. This was r... | Where are affiliates of HNIC aired? | {'text': 'a separate CRTC-licensed part-time network operated by Rogers', 'answer_start': 247} |
72,779 | 72,437 | 572716baf1498d1400e8f380 | generic | Critics noted in 2013 that Tom Wheeler, the head of the FCC, which has to approve the deal, is the former head of both the largest cable lobbying organization, the National Cable & Telecommunications Association, and as largest wireless lobby, CTIA – The Wireless Association. According to Politico, Comcast "donated to ... | Who was the general counsel of the FCC in 2015? | {'text': 'Jonathan Sallet', 'answer_start': 883} |
49,850 | 49,508 | 5ad179eb645df0001a2d1dc9 | generic | After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities ... | What company ruled none of India before the end of the Indian Rebellion? | {'text': 'British East India Company', 'answer_start': 40} |
14,079 | 13,737 | 5acdf79132bba1001ae498f9 | generic | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | Which countries refused to recognize the RSFSR? | {'text': 'Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania', 'answer_start': 83} |
86,402 | 86,060 | 5ad35342604f3c001a3fdd45 | generic | The Super Slim model of PS3 has received positive reviews. Gaming website Spong praised the new Super Slim's quietness, stating "The most noticeable noise comes when the drive seeks a new area of the disc, such as when starting to load a game, and this occurs infrequently." They added that the fans are quieter than tha... | What piece of the PS2 Super Slim's hardware did Spong say was too "fiddly"? | {'text': 'disc loader', 'answer_start': 416} |
128,771 | 128,429 | 5a68b4e08476ee001a58a775 | generic | Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar... | Where is the alluvial plain located? | {'text': 'the southwest part of the province', 'answer_start': 240} |
11,874 | 11,532 | 56de69b2cffd8e1900b4b88e | generic | During the Hundred Years' War a French attack (1340) burned a manor house and took some prisoners, but failed to get into the town. In 1403 the town was burned by Breton raiders. In the late fifteenth century a 'castle quadrate' was constructed close to the area now known as The Barbican; it included four round towers,... | In what year during the Hundred Years' War did the French assault Plymouth? | {'text': '1340', 'answer_start': 47} |
91,679 | 91,337 | 5728b2912ca10214002da5fe | generic | Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-... | As of 2014 how many inhabitants lived in the administrative region? | {'text': '12 million', 'answer_start': 431} |
25,805 | 25,463 | 56f8b9089e9bad19000a03af | generic | Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses t... | Hormones secreted are driven by what organ in the body? | {'text': 'The brain', 'answer_start': 110} |
112,824 | 112,482 | 5732388ae99e3014001e659c | generic | Ozawa's "Northern Force" had four aircraft carriers, two obsolete battleships partly converted to carriers, three cruisers and nine destroyers. The carriers had only 108 planes. The force was not spotted by the Allies until 16:40 on 24 October. At 20:00 Toyoda ordered all remaining Japanese forces to attack. Halsey saw... | How many cruisers were in the U.S. Third Fleet? | {'text': '17', 'answer_start': 489} |
63,293 | 62,951 | 5a7102970efcfe001a8afcf8 | generic | In 2006 and 2007, the world used approximately 2.4 megatonnes (5.3×109 lb) of pesticides, with herbicides constituting the biggest part of the world pesticide use at 40%, followed by insecticides (17%) and fungicides (10%). In 2006 and 2007 the U.S. used approximately 0.5 megatonnes (1.1×109 lb) of pesticides, accounti... | How many pounds of pesticide are used by the US government? | {'text': '857 million', 'answer_start': 361} |
8,263 | 7,921 | 56dcec399a695914005b947e | generic | Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and N... | What was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the Congo under Massamba-Debat? | {'text': 'scientific socialism', 'answer_start': 147} |
84,214 | 83,872 | 5727f4172ca10214002d9a26 | generic | After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brot... | What region did the Israelis occupy during the talks? | {'text': 'Eilat', 'answer_start': 660} |
72,391 | 72,049 | 5726f8e35951b619008f83c1 | generic | On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent except Australia, and on a few high-latitude oceanic islands. Between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, Rocky Mountains, a few high mountains i... | What percent of Antartica's land is covered by glaciers? | {'text': '98 percent', 'answer_start': 509} |
63,909 | 63,567 | 5726ae135951b619008f7a19 | generic | Between 1925 and 1940, philanthropic foundations, especially ones connected with the Rockefellers, contributed about $7 million to support the Yale Institute of Human Relations and the affiliated Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology. The money went toward behavioral science research, which was supported by foundation... | What animals sexual behavior did Yerkes study? | {'text': 'chimpanzee', 'answer_start': 700} |
8,597 | 8,255 | 5acfb29077cf76001a685941 | generic | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and ... | What monarch gave more power to the prime minister? | {'text': 'George II and George III', 'answer_start': 192} |
99,023 | 98,681 | 5a46b9705fd40d001a27dc9c | generic | Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under the suzerainty of the Marathas. The Marathas, who were Hindus from the state of what is now Mahar... | What did the British Empire have over time that was distracting? | {'text': 'internal disputes', 'answer_start': 42} |
117,473 | 117,131 | 5730a6cd2461fd1900a9cf50 | generic | However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif... | Who do some scholars think the Sumerian language originally belonged to? | {'text': 'hunter and fisher peoples', 'answer_start': 194} |
6,901 | 6,559 | 56d4bc242ccc5a1400d8318b | generic | The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word ... | What is the Proto-Germanic word that "dog" may have come from? | {'text': 'dukkōn', 'answer_start': 244} |
29,932 | 29,590 | 5706bf590eeca41400aa0dfb | generic | As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000. | As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area had one of the highest rates in the country of what? | {'text': 'unemployment', 'answer_start': 76} |
50,818 | 50,476 | 5725bc7d271a42140099d0e6 | generic | On 7 June 1981, the Israeli air force destroyed Iraq's sole nuclear reactor, in order to impede Iraq's nuclear weapons program. The reactor was under construction just outside Baghdad. Following a series of PLO attacks in 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon that year to destroy the bases from which the PLO launched attacks an... | Why did they destroy the nuclear reactor? | {'text': "impede Iraq's nuclear weapons program", 'answer_start': 89} |
89,499 | 89,157 | 5728a9eeff5b5019007da3e2 | generic | The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were... | When did the The Reformation in Europe start? | {'text': '1517', 'answer_start': 46} |
54,722 | 54,380 | 57261f2f38643c19005ad045 | generic | Greece is home to the first advanced civilizations in Europe and is considered the birthplace of Western civilization,[citation clutter] beginning with the Cycladic civilization on the islands of the Aegean Sea at around 3200 BC, the Minoan civilization in Crete (2700–1500 BC), and then the Mycenaean civilization on th... | What is the time period called from which no writing can be found. | {'text': 'Greek Dark Ages', 'answer_start': 701} |
75,485 | 75,143 | 5727784ff1498d1400e8f901 | generic | Democrats were elected to the legislature and governor's office, but the Populists attracted voters displeased with them. In 1896 a biracial, Populist-Republican Fusionist coalition gained the governor's office. The Democrats regained control of the legislature in 1896 and passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segr... | What political group attracted voters displeased with Democrats? | {'text': 'Populists', 'answer_start': 73} |
81,972 | 81,630 | 5728c9a54b864d1900164e28 | generic | The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in... | What group of people ruled the northern shoes of the Sahara? | {'text': 'Byzantine Empire', 'answer_start': 4} |
124,164 | 123,822 | 5a53d231bdaabd001a386758 | generic | In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty. A considerable portion of the Armenian nobility and peasantry fled the Byzantine occupation of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, and the subsequent invasion of the region by Seljuk Turks in 1064. The... | What did the Seljuk Turks invade in 885 AD? | {'text': 'Armenian', 'answer_start': 159} |
120,951 | 120,609 | 5ad5046f5b96ef001a10a9b8 | generic | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to a... | Who took power of China in 1994? | {'text': 'Communist Party of China', 'answer_start': 4} |
66,981 | 66,639 | 5726ad0d5951b619008f79d3 | generic | Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954. Both Montini and the pope had tears in their eyes when Montini parted for his dioceses with 1,000 churches, 2,500 priests and 3,500,000 souls. On 5 January 1955, Montini... | On what date did Montini become the archbishop of Milan? | {'text': '5 January', 'answer_start': 297} |
3,262 | 2,920 | 56cdcbb762d2951400fa683b | generic | Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people live... | How many people were confirmed dead only in the Sichuan province? | {'text': '68,636', 'answer_start': 99} |
80,357 | 80,015 | 5727b3704b864d1900163ab2 | generic | From 1955 until 1997 Sichuan had been China's most populous province, hitting 100 million mark shortly after the 1982 census figure of 99,730,000. This changed in 1997 when the Sub-provincial city of Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Cho... | What was the population of Sichuan in 1982? | {'text': '99,730,000', 'answer_start': 135} |
117,946 | 117,604 | 5731196da5e9cc1400cdbc0b | generic | Tuvaluans are well known for their seafaring skills, with the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute on Amatuku motu (island), Funafuti, providing training to approximately 120 marine cadets each year so that they have the skills necessary for employment as seafarers on merchant shipping. The Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union... | How many Tuvaluan men are active seafarers? | {'text': '800', 'answer_start': 462} |
67,231 | 66,889 | 5ad14e08645df0001a2d16cd | generic | In 1827, Hungarian physicist Ányos Jedlik started experimenting with electromagnetic coils. After Jedlik solved the technical problems of the continuous rotation with the invention of the commutator, he called his early devices "electromagnetic self-rotors". Although they were used only for instructional purposes, in 1... | What discovery solved the problem of non-continuous rotation? | {'text': 'commutator', 'answer_start': 444} |
109,388 | 109,046 | 572f554ea23a5019007fc566 | generic | The closest links of the U.S. IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. There is a special communications marking that signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countries. An indication of the United Stat... | What does NOFORN stand for? | {'text': 'No Foreign Nationals', 'answer_start': 501} |
48,920 | 48,578 | 571aa4be4faf5e1900b8ab9a | generic | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | Who defeated the Arabs at the Battle of Tours? | {'text': 'Franks', 'answer_start': 379} |
46,151 | 45,809 | 57110322b654c5140001fabf | generic | One of the most important developments that the Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularization. An increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove the expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning. The new ... | Which work of Isaac Newton was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze it in the vernacular? | {'text': 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica', 'answer_start': 1109} |
83,494 | 83,152 | 5727cc873acd2414000decac | generic | Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the... | How many states are on the Frontier Strip? | {'text': 'six', 'answer_start': 216} |
88,059 | 87,717 | 57283c283acd2414000df774 | generic | From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court... | What are most actions in the federal government known as? | {'text': 'Commerce Clause', 'answer_start': 245} |
20,789 | 20,447 | 56e7969700c9c71400d77318 | generic | For its 2015 season, the league consisted of 12 teams, all from the United States; however, upon the completion of the regular season, the league announced that the two teams it had assumed operation of during the season would cease all operations effective immediately; a regular season game slated between the two had ... | Along with the American Conference, what is the other conference in the AFL? | {'text': 'National Conference', 'answer_start': 558} |
1,630 | 1,288 | 56d38ba459d6e414001466e7 | generic | The funeral, held at the Church of the Madeleine in Paris, was delayed almost two weeks, until 30 October. Entrance was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend. Over 3,000 people arrived without invitations, from as far as London, Berlin and Vienna, and were excluded. | Where was Chopin's funeral held? | {'text': 'the Church of the Madeleine in Paris', 'answer_start': 21} |
33,037 | 32,695 | 5709a7c7200fba140036821b | generic | An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly download data from it. They may also compromise security by making operating system modifications, installing software worms, keyloggers, or covert listening devices. Even when the system is protected by standard security measure... | Disk encryption and Trusted Platform Module are designed to prevent what? | {'text': 'attacks', 'answer_start': 514} |
1,881 | 1,539 | 56cd4a5162d2951400fa6516 | generic | According to Tibetologist John Powers, Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans with various titles which the Tibetans gave to the Chinese emperors and their officials. Tribute missions from Tibetan monasteries to the Chinese court brought back not only titles, but large, comm... | What was the name of the Tibetologist? | {'text': 'John Powers', 'answer_start': 26} |
80,059 | 79,717 | 5727bf494b864d1900163c61 | generic | A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to ... | A single device can provide an audio device function such as? | {'text': 'built-in microphone', 'answer_start': 207} |
13,900 | 13,558 | 5a299ffe03c0e7001a3e1874 | generic | In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations. | What is one country in which nonprofit organizations try to increase the loss of funding for the UNFPA? | {'text': 'America', 'answer_start': 3} |
37,842 | 37,500 | 570bc6466b8089140040fa31 | generic | In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number... | What year was they study done by the World Wildlife Fund? | {'text': '2014', 'answer_start': 89} |
71,045 | 70,703 | 5a580485770dc0001aeeff52 | generic | Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin. An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m). Nevertheless, some tall buildings are now being cons... | What tower was completed int he 20th century? | {'text': 'Rabobank-tower', 'answer_start': 422} |
66,788 | 66,446 | 5726be91dd62a815002e8f2f | generic | The capital village of each district administers and coordinates the affairs of the district and confers each district's paramount title, amongst other responsibilities. For example, the District of A'ana has its capital at Leulumoega. The paramount title of A'ana is the TuiA'ana. The orator group which confers this ti... | What's the paramount title of the Tuamasaga district? | {'text': 'Malietoa', 'answer_start': 499} |
67,568 | 67,226 | 5726a6b8708984140094cced | generic | Switzerland (/ˈswɪtsərlənd/), officially the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a country in Europe. While still named the "Swiss Confederation" for historical reasons, modern Switzerland is a federal directorial republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat o... | What is the official name of Switzerland? | {'text': 'Swiss Confederation', 'answer_start': 45} |
93,036 | 92,694 | 572921606aef051400154a74 | generic | One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required. Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without... | What is a good reason to have testers and developers separate? | {'text': 'tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality', 'answer_start': 137} |
34,700 | 34,358 | 570a64106d058f1900182dfc | generic | Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the cent... | When did Broca publish his pioneering work? | {'text': '1878', 'answer_start': 210} |
35,303 | 34,961 | 5a67a255f038b7001ab0c392 | generic | The form of the verb varies with person (first, second and third), number (singular and plural), tense (present and past), and mood (indicative, subjunctive and imperative). Old English also sometimes uses compound constructions to express other verbal aspects, the future and the passive voice; in these we see the begi... | What does modern English use to express verbal aspects? | {'text': 'compound constructions', 'answer_start': 206} |
109,373 | 109,031 | 572f508fa23a5019007fc522 | generic | Details of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend "un-vouchered" government money. The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelli... | Who is the only federal employee that can spend un-vouched for money? | {'text': 'the Director of Central Intelligence', 'answer_start': 124} |
128,403 | 128,061 | 5ad2dbabd7d075001a42a4fe | generic | Media anthropology (also known as anthropology of media or mass media) emphasizes ethnographic studies as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media. The types of ethnographic contexts explored range from contexts of media production (e.g., ethnographies of newsro... | What is the study of Mass Media? | {'text': 'Media anthropology', 'answer_start': 0} |
112,984 | 112,642 | 572fe048b2c2fd1400568545 | generic | Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the ... | Which war played a role in ceding San Diego to the United States? | {'text': 'Mexican–American War of 1846–48', 'answer_start': 167} |
32,954 | 32,612 | 5a555ca9134fea001a0e1a53 | generic | Today, computer security comprises mainly "preventive" measures, like firewalls or an exit procedure. A firewall can be defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or a network and another network, such as the Internet, and can be implemented as software running on the machine, hooking into the network st... | How are firewalls implemented? | {'text': 'software running on the machine', 'answer_start': 260} |
44,739 | 44,397 | 570fa65280d9841400ab360b | generic | Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexu... | What types of stimuli were found to arouse women? | {'text': 'both human and nonhuman stimuli', 'answer_start': 223} |
59,174 | 58,832 | 57267746f1498d1400e8e09a | generic | The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Florida in 2010 was $748 billion. Its GDP is the fourth largest economy in the United States. In 2010, it became the fourth largest exporter of trade goods. The major contributors to the state's gross output in 2007 were general services, financial services, trade, transportation and... | What was Florida's GDP in 2010 | {'text': 'Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Florida in 2010 was $748 billion', 'answer_start': 4} |
71,094 | 70,752 | 5a580e33770dc0001aeeffa1 | generic | A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne (nl) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre. The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night. In 20 years from 2004, parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redevelop... | What streets are open all night? | {'text': 'route between the station and the city centre', 'answer_start': 190} |
11,151 | 10,809 | 56de4adf4396321400ee278d | generic | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present? | {'text': 'green arrows', 'answer_start': 24} |
23,569 | 23,227 | 56f7f0b9aef2371900625c89 | generic | In function and effectiveness, the UN has been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government by some[citation needed], giving a comparison between modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation. | In which aspects has the United Nations been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government? | {'text': 'function and effectiveness', 'answer_start': 3} |
20,527 | 20,185 | 56e78af900c9c71400d7727b | generic | A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600... | How long ago was the stele abandoned? | {'text': '600 years ago', 'answer_start': 317} |
98,530 | 98,188 | 572aa285be1ee31400cb80e5 | generic | In the first decades of the 19th century, Federal architecture and Greek Revival architecture were dominated by Philadelphia architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan. Frank Furness is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the secon... | When did building begin on the Philadelphia CIty Hall? | {'text': '1871', 'answer_start': 475} |
128,906 | 128,564 | 5a68fb648476ee001a58a96f | generic | The Government of Punjab is a provincial government in the federal structure of Pakistan, is based in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province. The Chief Minister of Punjab (CM) is elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab to serve as the head of the provincial government in Punjab, Pakistan. The current Chief... | When was the Provincial Assembly elected? | {'text': '25 February 2009', 'answer_start': 443} |
62,790 | 62,448 | 57267902dd62a815002e864b | generic | The Lempel–Ziv (LZ) compression methods are among the most popular algorithms for lossless storage. DEFLATE is a variation on LZ optimized for decompression speed and compression ratio, but compression can be slow. DEFLATE is used in PKZIP, Gzip and PNG. LZW (Lempel–Ziv–Welch) is used in GIF images. Also noteworthy is ... | What is a current LZ based coding scheme that does well? | {'text': 'Brotli', 'answer_start': 737} |
6,587 | 6,245 | 56db2c98e7c41114004b4eb4 | generic | Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez. Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted. | Which season was Diana DeGarmo on? | {'text': 'season three', 'answer_start': 138} |
17,618 | 17,276 | 56e114f2e3433e1400422ba8 | generic | One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon American ind... | The Faneuil Hall draws over how many tourists to Boston each year? | {'text': '20 million', 'answer_start': 643} |
117,797 | 117,455 | 5730c960b54a4f140068cc5e | generic | In the later 1890s and into first decade of the 20th century, structural changes occurred in the operation of the Pacific trading companies; they moved from a practice of having traders resident on each island to instead becoming a business operation where the supercargo (the cargo manager of a trading ship) would deal... | How did the trading companies begin to trade with islanders? | {'text': 'deal directly', 'answer_start': 316} |
114,091 | 113,749 | 57302564b2c2fd140056895c | generic | The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. ... | What are two other major populated cities in England? | {'text': 'Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million)', 'answer_start': 451} |
36,683 | 36,341 | 570b260c6b8089140040f793 | generic | The Xbox 360 sold much better than its predecessor, and although not the best-selling console of the seventh-generation, it is regarded as a success since it strengthened Microsoft as a major force in the console market at the expense of well-established rivals. The inexpensive Nintendo Wii did sell the most console un... | What is the successor to the 360 called? | {'text': 'Xbox One', 'answer_start': 932} |
65,982 | 65,640 | 5726bc73dd62a815002e8ec4 | generic | While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify ... | Heat treatment of steel has been know since what time? | {'text': '1100 BC', 'answer_start': 381} |
80,072 | 79,730 | 5727c3aa4b864d1900163cbb | generic | When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and the device is... | When is the device assigned a unique 7-bit address? | {'text': 'After reset', 'answer_start': 241} |
14,031 | 13,689 | 5acdf31832bba1001ae498bc | generic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was not signed in what year? | {'text': '1922', 'answer_start': 136} |
49,996 | 49,654 | 57266a1ef1498d1400e8df02 | generic | Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without he... | What replaced Russell's administration? | {'text': 'a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby', 'answer_start': 781} |
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