Unnamed: 0.1
int64
1
131k
Unnamed: 0
int64
1
130k
id
stringlengths
6
24
title
stringclasses
2 values
context
stringlengths
151
44k
question
stringlengths
2
25.7k
answers
stringlengths
32
440
42,239
41,897
570d6ae5fed7b91900d46051
generic
The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Mol...
What was the goal in the General Staff studying past operations?
{'text': 'learn to avoid mistakes', 'answer_start': 252}
9,277
8,935
56ddd7499a695914005b9606
generic
Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li...
What language does the word "symbiosis" come from?
{'text': 'Greek', 'answer_start': 16}
33,665
33,323
5acd729107355d001abf42af
generic
The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. More than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in...
What brewery followed SABMiller as the second largest in 2002?
{'text': 'North American Anheuser-Bush', 'answer_start': 577}
68,842
68,500
5726e9415951b619008f8236
generic
Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russi...
Who wanted the Russian forces to leave the principalities?
{'text': 'the United Kingdom and France', 'answer_start': 258}
130,516
130,174
5a6bbd284eec6b001a80a57c
generic
At common law, in general, a myocardial infarction is a disease, but may sometimes be an injury. This can create coverage issues in administration of no-fault insurance schemes such as workers' compensation. In general, a heart attack is not covered; however, it may be a work-related injury if it results, for example, ...
What typically covers an MI?
{'text': 'no-fault insurance schemes', 'answer_start': 150}
8,026
7,684
5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af66
generic
Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education class...
What kinds of courses aren't offered to students who are not experiencing academic success?
{'text': 'remedial', 'answer_start': 349}
120,927
120,585
5ad4fde95b96ef001a10a8b3
generic
Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848, with little attention. However, a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out, which replaced the monarchy of Louis Philippe with the Second French Republic. In June 1848, Paris workers, disenchanted with the new government, built barricades and r...
Who published the Communist Manifesto in 1884?
{'text': 'Karl Marx', 'answer_start': 0}
109,162
108,820
5ace255a32bba1001ae49bb0
generic
The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990,...
In what city is the Danforth Campus?
{'text': 'Clayton, Missouri', 'answer_start': 89}
93,305
92,963
5a514d0bce860b001aa3fcd9
generic
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used i...
What was used as a model for German Reunification in 1980?
{'text': 'Article 23', 'answer_start': 219}
2,890
2,548
56cf38a9aab44d1400b88e99
generic
The ownership of the Spectre organisation—originally stylised "SPECTRE" as an acronym of SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion—and its characters, had been at the centre of long-standing litigation starting in 1961 between Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory over the film rights to the ...
What was the name of the remake of Thunderball?
{'text': 'Never Say Never Again', 'answer_start': 874}
87,923
87,581
5acf9cbb77cf76001a6854e4
generic
On the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation. The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there. In the 1890s the governments of these colonies all held referendum...
What happened on January 21st 1901?
{'text': 'nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation', 'answer_start': 31}
24,123
23,781
56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089c
generic
In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independe...
When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end?
{'text': '1990', 'answer_start': 384}
126,334
125,992
5a81e0d731013a001a334f47
generic
But in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of "The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will venture to call 'hu...
Which period was the philosophy of humanism banned?
{'text': 'French Enlightenment', 'answer_start': 40}
27,197
26,855
56fac7ddf34c681400b0c127
generic
Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.
What kind of card will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box?
{'text': 'CableCARD', 'answer_start': 154}
79,930
79,588
5727c45a2ca10214002d95cc
generic
Galicia was spared the worst of the fighting in that war: it was one of the areas where the initial coup attempt at the outset of the war was successful, and it remained in Nationalist (Franco's army's) hands throughout the war. While there were no pitched battles, there was repression and death: all political parties ...
Which prominent journalist was victim of the killings?
{'text': 'Manuel Lustres Rivas', 'answer_start': 1483}
125,009
124,667
573260fde17f3d1400422915
generic
Initially Eisenhower planned on serving only one term, but as with other decisions, he maintained a position of maximum flexibility in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again. During his recovery from a heart attack late in 1955, he huddled with his closest advisors to evaluate the GOP's potential candidates; ...
Upon election, how many terms did Eisenhower believe he would serve?
{'text': 'one', 'answer_start': 45}
22,335
21,993
56f738413d8e2e1400e37490
generic
Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development ...
When does the Egyptian orchestra date to?
{'text': '2695 BC', 'answer_start': 176}
73,933
73,591
572943173f37b319004781cb
generic
For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebe...
Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven?
{'text': 'Cambridge', 'answer_start': 787}
112,309
111,967
5730094a04bcaa1900d77049
generic
By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To...
What law was passed that allowed the Plebeian Council to consider a bill without the approval of the patrician senators?
{'text': 'the Lex Hortensia', 'answer_start': 393}
114,690
114,348
5a13aadbc8eab200188dc9f0
generic
Georgian architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies during the Georgian era. American buildings of the Georgian period were very often constructed of wood with clapboards; even columns were made of timber, framed up, and turned on an over-sized lathe. At the start of the period the difficulties of obt...
What comment material was easy to transport in this period?
{'text': 'brick or stone', 'answer_start': 344}
79,698
79,356
5727cbac4b864d1900163d3c
generic
The city is also home to the Heineken Brewery that brews Murphy's Irish Stout and the nearby Beamish and Crawford brewery (taken over by Heineken in 2008) which have been in the city for generations. 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets are manufactured at the city's Ferrero factory. For many years, Cork was the home to F...
Which car company closed the doors on it's Cork operations in 1984?
{'text': 'Ford Motor Company', 'answer_start': 319}
26,946
26,604
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b44
generic
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
Which system was demonstrated in the US for the first time in 1981?
{'text': 'MUSE', 'answer_start': 13}
110,300
109,958
57343d20d058e614000b6b6b
generic
In general, Tucson and Pima County support the Democratic Party, as opposed the state's largest metropolitan area, Phoenix, which usually supports the Republican Party. Congressional redistricting in 2013, following the publication of the 2010 Census, divided the Tucson area into three Federal Congressional districts (...
Who represents Tucson's city center in Congress?
{'text': 'Raul Grijalva', 'answer_start': 416}
91,881
91,539
5728efe52ca10214002daad6
generic
While Paris has some of the richest neighbourhoods in France, it also has some of the poorest, mostly on the eastern side of the city. In 2012, 14 percent of households in the city earned less than €977 per month, the official poverty line. Twenty-five percent of residents in the 19th arrondissement lived below the pov...
What percentage of households earned less than 977 per month?
{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 144}
33,402
33,060
5709b099200fba140036826f
generic
Because of the great diversity found in animals, it is more economical for scientists to study a small number of chosen species so that connections can be drawn from their work and conclusions extrapolated about how animals function in general. Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogas...
Why are the fruit fly and the nematode the most intensively studied metazoan model organisms?
{'text': 'they are easy to keep and breed', 'answer_start': 253}
45,276
44,934
570fe3fb80d9841400ab3707
generic
On April 23, 2008, Dell announced the closure of one of its biggest Canadian call-centers in Kanata, Ontario, terminating approximately 1100 employees, with 500 of those redundancies effective on the spot, and with the official closure of the center scheduled for the summer. The call-center had opened in 2006 after the...
How many workers did Dell plan to have at their Ottawa call center?
{'text': '3,000', 'answer_start': 429}
87,999
87,657
5728367e4b864d190016474f
generic
Alternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in the German Bundesr...
Can the members of the upper house be elected directly or indirectly?
{'text': 'indirectly', 'answer_start': 85}
49,683
49,341
5724e70a0ba9f01400d97bb7
generic
Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to ...
What Liberal replaced Disraeli after only a few short months in office?
{'text': 'William Ewart Gladstone', 'answer_start': 735}
2,382
2,040
56d1321f17492d1400aabbf6
generic
Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed ...
Which iPod model has its battery soldered into the unit?
{'text': 'Nano', 'answer_start': 287}
90,101
89,759
5ad413b4604f3c001a40027d
generic
To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies. This allows it to have the lowest individual tax burden in the United States. It is one of five states with no state sales tax, one of seven states that do not levy an individual income tax, and one of the two ...
Which state has the highest tax burden of the entire US?
{'text': 'Alaska', 'answer_start': 40}
128,378
128,036
5ad2d6a8d7d075001a42a420
generic
Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Eth...
What is the study of humanity?
{'text': 'Archaeology', 'answer_start': 0}
6,476
6,134
56db2190e7c41114004b4dd8
generic
In the first major change to the judging panel, a fourth judge, Kara DioGuardi, was introduced. This was also the first season without executive producer Nigel Lythgoe who left to focus on the international versions of his show So You Think You Can Dance. The Hollywood round was moved to the Kodak Theatre for 2009 and ...
Where was the Hollywood round moved to?
{'text': 'Kodak Theatre', 'answer_start': 293}
47,937
47,595
571e05c9b64a571400c71e6a
generic
The figure of the "tragic octoroon" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization. The first c...
What story was written by Child in 1842?
{'text': '"The Quadroons"', 'answer_start': 381}
36,945
36,603
5ad1708a645df0001a2d1b86
generic
When revolutionary France declared war on Great Britain in 1793, the United States sought to remain neutral, but the Jay Treaty, which was favorable to Great Britain, angered the French government, which viewed it as a violation of the 1778 Treaty of Alliance. French privateers began to seize U.S. vessels, which led to...
Where did UK ships and French privateers fight between 1798 and 1800?
{'text': 'Caribbean', 'answer_start': 456}
37,548
37,206
570b690bec8fbc190045b9f9
generic
After 1870, the new railroads across the Plains brought hunters who killed off almost all the bison for their hides. The railroads offered attractive packages of land and transportation to European farmers, who rushed to settle the land. They (and Americans as well) also took advantage of the homestead laws to obtain f...
what animal did hunters kill off for their hides?
{'text': 'bison', 'answer_start': 94}
76,848
76,506
5727846af1498d1400e8fa6d
generic
Israel's Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. It is the highest judicial instance. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem. The area of its jurisdiction is the entire State. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme Court itself. The Israeli suprem...
Israel's Supreme court has uses what internal method to review its own decisions?
{'text': 'a panel of three or more justices', 'answer_start': 1749}
11,064
10,722
56de2fa0cffd8e1900b4b63f
generic
The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?
{'text': '2013', 'answer_start': 156}
96,371
96,029
572a17261d04691400779761
generic
The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the...
What year did the Nazi's fall in World War II?
{'text': '1945', 'answer_start': 439}
25,307
24,965
56f8dca99b226e1400dd1129
generic
The genome size, and the number of genes it encodes varies widely between organisms. The smallest genomes occur in viruses (which can have as few as 2 protein-coding genes), and viroids (which act as a single non-coding RNA gene). Conversely, plants can have extremely large genomes, with rice containing >46,000 protein...
Which organism acts as a single non coding RNA gene?
{'text': 'viroids', 'answer_start': 178}
118,094
117,752
5a271b60c93d92001a4003f5
generic
It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. ...
What was explicitly mooted before the twelfth century?
{'text': 'the doctrine as defined by Pius IX', 'answer_start': 20}
76,067
75,725
5727b9d23acd2414000deaaa
generic
Chapter VIII addresses the idea that species had special characteristics that prevented hybrids from being fertile in order to preserve separately created species. Darwin said that, far from being constant, the difficulty in producing hybrids of related species, and the viability and fertility of the hybrids, varied gr...
What are Darwin's thoughts on producing hybrids of related species?
{'text': 'the viability and fertility of the hybrids, varied greatly, especially among plants', 'answer_start': 267}
38,759
38,417
570c4d68b3d812140066d0a5
generic
In 1943, Barcelona faced rivals Real Madrid in the semi-finals of Copa del Generalísimo (now the Copa del Rey). The first match at Les Corts was won by Barcelona 3–0. Real Madrid comfortably won the second leg, beating Barcelona 11–1. According to football writer Sid Lowe, "There have been relatively few mentions of th...
What was proven about the alleged threats to Barcelona before the game?
{'text': 'nothing', 'answer_start': 618}
55,480
55,138
5a39fedc2f14dd001ac7269f
generic
When endothermy first appeared in the evolution of mammals is uncertain. Modern monotremes have lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates than marsupials and placentals, but there is evidence that some of their ancestors, perhaps including ancestors of the therians, may have had body temperatures like t...
What do small animals have compared to therians?
{'text': 'lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates', 'answer_start': 96}
92,910
92,568
5728fc671d04691400778f0b
generic
In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor...
When was samurai armor last used?
{'text': '1877', 'answer_start': 597}
2,763
2,421
5a8dc231df8bba001a0f9bd7
generic
Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Ele...
What award did Game Radars Awards and GameSpy give Twilight Princess?
{'text': 'Best Console Game', 'answer_start': 586}
51,717
51,375
5725c6a489a1e219009abe7a
generic
Banking has traditionally been one of the strongest service export sectors in Uruguay: the country was once dubbed "the Switzerland of America", mainly for its banking sector and stability, although that stability has been threatened in the 21st century by the recent global economic climate. The largest bank in Uruguay...
What is the largest bank in Uruguay?
{'text': 'Banco Republica', 'answer_start': 324}
2,581
2,239
5a8da394df8bba001a0f9b36
generic
Ganondorf then revives, and Midna teleports Link and Zelda outside the castle so she can hold him off with the Fused Shadows. However, as Hyrule Castle collapses, it is revealed that Ganondorf was victorious as he crushes Midna's helmet. Ganondorf engages Link on horseback, and, assisted by Zelda and the Light Spirits,...
To what part of his body does Zelda deliver the killing blow to Ganondorf?
{'text': 'chest', 'answer_start': 463}
129,673
129,331
57344892879d6814001ca480
generic
On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of c...
What are the kings portrayed as hunting?
{'text': 'big game', 'answer_start': 88}
77,535
77,193
5727e41d2ca10214002d98cb
generic
Breakage was very common in the shellac era. In the 1934 John O'Hara novel, Appointment in Samarra, the protagonist "broke one of his most favorites, Whiteman's Lady of the Evening ... He wanted to cry but could not." A poignant moment in J. D. Salinger's 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye occurs after the adolescent pr...
In which novel does 'Whiteman's Lady of the Evening" record get broken?
{'text': "John O'Hara novel, Appointment in Samarra", 'answer_start': 57}
41,153
40,811
5a2adee65b078a001a2f0725
generic
Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts, many of which were used to write Sanskrit. Roughly contemporary with the Brahmi, Kharosthi was used in the northwest of the subcontinent. Sometime between the fourth and eighth centuries, the Gupta script, derived from Brahmi, became prevalent. Around the eighth ce...
What script was used in the northeast?
{'text': 'Kharosthi', 'answer_start': 136}
51,759
51,417
5725cf91ec44d21400f3d5ff
generic
Parque Batlle is named in honour of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915. The park was originally proposed by an Act of March 1907, which also projected wide boulevards and avenues. French landscape architect, Carlos Thays, began the plantings in 1911. In 1918, the park was named Parque de los ...
Between what years was Jose batlle y Ordonez president of Uruguay?
{'text': '1911 to 1915', 'answer_start': 85}
123,263
122,921
573259a4b9d445190005ea8d
generic
Protestants also took the initiative in advocating for religious freedom. Freedom of conscience had high priority on the theological, philosophical, and political agendas since Luther refused to recant his beliefs before the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms (1521). In his view, faith was a free work of the Holy S...
What group initiated the right to religious freedom?
{'text': 'Protestants', 'answer_start': 0}
43,442
43,100
570e2def0dc6ce1900204e41
generic
After the decline of Aksum, the Eritrean highlands were under the domain of Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus. The area was then known as Ma'ikele Bahr ("between the seas/rivers," i.e. the land between the Red Sea and the Mereb river). It was later renamed under Emperor Zara Yaqob as the domain of the Bahr Negash, th...
What domain were the Eritrean highlands under after the decline of Aksum?
{'text': 'Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus', 'answer_start': 76}
23,185
22,843
56f8b7329b226e1400dd0e99
generic
There are many innovative art galleries in the city. The Southampton City Art Gallery at the Civic Centre is one of the best known and as well as a nationally important Designated Collection, houses several permanent and travelling exhibitions. The Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gall...
What gallery in Southampton houses a Designated Collection?
{'text': 'The Southampton City Art Gallery', 'answer_start': 53}
42,215
41,873
570d64fcb3d812140066d7f0
generic
Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch quick attacks against isolated...
The belt of fortresses were in what area of France?
{'text': 'northern France', 'answer_start': 238}
34,872
34,530
5ad276ded7d075001a429534
generic
Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion...
Who rejected the interaction ritual theory?
{'text': 'Randall Collins', 'answer_start': 34}
37,405
37,063
570b6b77ec8fbc190045ba0e
generic
Although Foo Fighters continued to be one of the most successful rock acts, with albums like In Your Honor (2005) reaching number two in the US and UK, many of the first wave of post-grunge bands began to fade in popularity. Acts like Creed, Staind, Puddle of Mudd and Nickelback took the genre into the 2000s with consi...
What was the title of Buckcherry's 2007 hit single?
{'text': '"Sorry"', 'answer_start': 726}
125,856
125,514
573387494776f41900660caf
generic
The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financ...
When did the U.S. recession that began in December 2007 end?
{'text': 'June 2009', 'answer_start': 56}
69,300
68,958
5a7a34d717ab25001a8a03a2
generic
The value judgement definition of literature considers it to exclusively include writing that possesses high quality or distinction, forming part of the so-called belles-lettres ('fine writing') tradition. This is the definition used in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–11) when it classifies literatur...
What is the meaning of the Spanish term, "belles-lettres?"
{'text': 'fine writing', 'answer_start': 180}
4,234
3,892
56cf56b2aab44d1400b89057
generic
Tourism is a vital industry for New York City, which has witnessed a growing combined volume of international and domestic tourists – receiving approximately 51 million tourists in 2011, 54 million in 2013, and a record 56.4 million in 2014. Tourism generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact ...
How many people came to visit New York in 2013?
{'text': '54 million', 'answer_start': 187}
4,994
4,652
56d09106234ae51400d9c394
generic
Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heatin...
What are some examples of phase change materials?
{'text': "paraffin wax and Glauber's salt", 'answer_start': 31}
94,636
94,294
572a1f9d1d046914007797af
generic
Like other common colors, green has several completely opposite associations. While it is the color most associated by Europeans and Americans with good health, it is also the color most often associated with toxicity and poison. There was a solid foundation for this association; in the nineteenth century several popul...
What was absinthe known as?
{'text': 'the green fairy', 'answer_start': 500}
126,024
125,682
5733e6d34776f4190066147f
generic
There are more than 100 freshwater fish species, varying from the giant European catfish (in the Tagus International Natural Park) to some small and endemic species that live only in small lakes (along the western portion of country, for example). Some of these rare and specific species are highly endangered because of...
What type of glowing species can be found on some beaches in Portugal?
{'text': 'plankton', 'answer_start': 813}
103,361
103,019
572eddd7dfa6aa1500f8d482
generic
Past problems with hydraulic elevators include underground electrolytic destruction of the cylinder and bulkhead, pipe failures, and control failures. Single bulkhead cylinders, typically built prior to a 1972 ASME A17.1 Elevator Safety Code change requiring a second dished bulkhead, were subject to possible catastroph...
Once the cylinder is breached, what calamity does the loss of fluid cause?
{'text': 'uncontrolled down movement of the elevator', 'answer_start': 463}
49,810
49,468
5ad172b0645df0001a2d1c0a
generic
In 1845, Ireland was hit by a potato blight. In the next four years over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the Great Famine. In Ireland, Victoria was labelled "The Famine Queen". She personally donated £2,000 to famine relief, more than any other individual donor, and als...
What year was the potato blight in Scotland?
{'text': '1845', 'answer_start': 3}
4,434
4,092
56d00813234ae51400d9c2b0
generic
Public transport is essential in New York City. 54.6% of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using mass transit. This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where about 90% of commuters drive automobiles to their workplace. According to the US Census Bureau, New York City residents spend an average of 38.4 m...
What percentage of people living in Manhattan own a car?
{'text': '22', 'answer_start': 502}
11,676
11,334
56de80edcffd8e1900b4b98e
generic
In 1967, Schwarzenegger won the Munich stone-lifting contest, in which a stone weighing 508 German pounds (254 kg/560 lbs.) is lifted between the legs while standing on two foot rests.
In what competition did Schwarzenegger have to lift over 500 pounds while balancing on foot rests?
{'text': 'Munich stone-lifting contest', 'answer_start': 32}
717
375
56bfafdba10cfb1400551240
generic
In an interview published by Vogue in April 2013, Beyoncé was asked if she considers herself a feminist, to which she said, "that word can be very extreme... But I guess I am a modern-day feminist. I do believe in equality". She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling "We should all be femin...
What song did she release in 2013 in response to a speech?
{'text': 'Flawless', 'answer_start': 445}
95,430
95,088
572a362c3f37b319004787b8
generic
One of the most popular shows on CBC Television is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of NHL hockey games, Hockey Night in Canada. It has been televised by the network since 1952. During the NHL lockout and subsequent cancellation of the 2004-2005 hockey season, CBC instead aired various recent and classic movies, bra...
What did CBC air during the NHL lockout?
{'text': 'various recent and classic movies', 'answer_start': 282}
102,120
101,778
572ebf5303f98919007569ed
generic
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ...
What sort of problems did the oil industry experience in Libya?
{'text': 'corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the oil industry', 'answer_start': 242}
72,309
71,967
5a1106b606e79900185c34ec
generic
The fourth Digimon series, which began airing on April 7, 2002, radically departs from the previous three by focusing on a new and very different kind of evolution, Spirit Evolution, in which the human characters use their D-Tectors (this series' Digivice) to transform themselves into special Digimon called Legendary W...
What were special humans called?
{'text': 'Legendary Warriors', 'answer_start': 309}
43,954
43,612
5ad14d8a645df0001a2d16af
generic
Uranium-238 is the most stable isotope of uranium, with a half-life of about 4.468×109 years, roughly the age of the Earth. Uranium-235 has a half-life of about 7.13×108 years, and uranium-234 has a half-life of about 2.48×105 years. For natural uranium, about 49% of its alpha rays are emitted by each of 238U atom, and...
What fraction of the Earth's uranium was uranium-237 during the Earth's youth?
{'text': 'one-fifth', 'answer_start': 460}
127,995
127,653
573387acd058e614000b5cb2
generic
One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefea...
What was the amount of wins Knute Rockne attained at Notre Dame while head coach?
{'text': '105', 'answer_start': 204}
76,274
75,932
5727ce414b864d1900163d93
generic
On April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kiev's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like "Openness and Democracy to the End." Between May and June 1988, Ukrainian Catholics in w...
Which group held secret Milleneum of Christianity celebrations?
{'text': 'Ukrainian Catholics', 'answer_start': 296}
27,048
26,706
5ad3ba09604f3c001a3fee93
generic
The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert. Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel...
The New Year's Day broadcast officially did not launch which channel?
{'text': 'HD1', 'answer_start': 103}
14,671
14,329
56dfc0e0231d4119001abd9f
generic
From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005.
In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments first limited?
{'text': '19th', 'answer_start': 13}
108,117
107,775
572ff92704bcaa1900d76f90
generic
Reflection of the original signal also occurs when it hits an extended conductive surface, in a fashion similar to a mirror. This effect can also be used to increase signal through the use of a reflector, normally placed behind the active element and spaced so the reflected signal reaches the element in-phase. Generall...
What is the most recognized type of an antenna that has its basis in reflection?
{'text': 'parabolic reflector', 'answer_start': 603}
33,272
32,930
5a57a531770dc0001aeefcb2
generic
However, the Orthodox claim to absolute fidelity to past tradition has been challenged by scholars who contend that the Judaism of the Middle Ages bore little resemblance to that practiced by today's Orthodox. Rather, the Orthodox community, as a counterreaction to the liberalism of the Haskalah movement, began to embr...
What has not been challenged by scholars?
{'text': 'absolute fidelity', 'answer_start': 31}
121,948
121,606
5731bb00e99e3014001e6219
generic
Human sacrifice in ancient Rome was rare but documented. After the Roman defeat at Cannae two Gauls and two Greeks were buried under the Forum Boarium, in a stone chamber "which had on a previous occasion [228 BC] also been polluted by human victims, a practice most repulsive to Roman feelings". Livy avoids the word "s...
What act was repulsive to Romans?
{'text': 'Human sacrifice', 'answer_start': 0}
118,592
118,250
5acfeae177cf76001a686498
generic
Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – among the lowest in the world. The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV. In ...
What is the age expectancy in Botswana as of 2012?
{'text': '52.2', 'answer_start': 44}
59,191
58,849
5acda11d07355d001abf487e
generic
At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days. A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida. The early 21st-century buildin...
What state was the fourth highest percentage of housing related costs in the country?
{'text': 'Florida', 'answer_start': 332}
51,831
51,489
5725e02d89a1e219009ac00a
generic
As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is home to a number of festivals and carnivals including a Gaucho festival when people ride through the streets on horseback in traditional gaucho gear. The major annual festival is the annual Montevideo Carnaval which is part of the national festival of Carnival Week, celebrated t...
What does Tablados mean?
{'text': 'popular scenes', 'answer_start': 742}
42,056
41,714
5aced85832bba1001ae4b722
generic
The army employs various individual weapons to provide light firepower at short ranges. The most common weapons used by the army are the compact variant of the M16 rifle, the M4 carbine, as well as the 7.62×51mm variant of the FN SCAR for Army Rangers. The primary sidearm in the U.S. Army is the 9 mm M9 pistol; the M11...
What type of frag grenade is used by the Coast Guard?
{'text': 'M67', 'answer_start': 485}
105,115
104,773
572fe88104bcaa1900d76e83
generic
German beacons operated on the medium-frequency band and the signals involved a two-letter Morse identifier followed by a lengthy time-lapse which enabled the Luftwaffe crews to determine the signal's bearing. The Meacon system involved separate locations for a receiver with a directional aerial and a transmitter. The ...
The German beacons used what frequency band?
{'text': 'medium', 'answer_start': 31}
102,197
101,855
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf84
generic
The RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs. From 1969 t...
What religion was suppressed in Libya?
{'text': 'Christian', 'answer_start': 131}
9,359
9,017
56de25ab4396321400ee260b
generic
One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w...
What land is near the worms' first known location?
{'text': 'the Galapagos Islands', 'answer_start': 429}
30,075
29,733
570616a075f01819005e7974
generic
MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage, as well as a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of m...
Where will MP3 files most commonly be found?
{'text': 'digital audio players', 'answer_start': 333}
47,897
47,555
5ad2cc20d7d075001a42a29c
generic
Interracial relations between Indigenous Americans and African Americans is a part of American history that has been neglected. The earliest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas occurred in April 1502, when the first Africans kidnapped were brought to Hispaniola to serve as slaves. Some e...
How many free Africans lived in San Miguel de Gualdape?
{'text': '100', 'answer_start': 786}
10,655
10,313
5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98d
generic
It is said[by whom?] on one side of this debate that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that "checks and balances" app...
What does not apply to any branch of government?
{'text': 'checks and balances', 'answer_start': 296}
30,698
30,356
5706b7a92eaba6190074ac6d
generic
In Britain, further experiments in the genre boosted its appeal. House and rave clubs such as Lakota and Cream emerged across Britain, hosting house and dance scene events. The 'chilling out' concept developed in Britain with ambient house albums such as The KLF's Chill Out and Analogue Bubblebath by Aphex Twin. The Go...
who released the track "little fluffy clouds"?
{'text': 'Orb', 'answer_start': 715}
36,468
36,126
570b07e16b8089140040f6f6
generic
Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting...
Attempting to use Gregorian dates for earlier events on the Julian calendar should be used with what action?
{'text': 'caution', 'answer_start': 150}
40,142
39,800
570c5cdefed7b91900d45931
generic
The rebels made the first move in the war, seizing the strategic Rochester Castle, owned by Langton but left almost unguarded by the archbishop. John was well prepared for a conflict. He had stockpiled money to pay for mercenaries and ensured the support of the powerful marcher lords with their own feudal forces, such ...
Who made the first move in the war?
{'text': 'rebels', 'answer_start': 4}
32,130
31,788
5709880eed30961900e842a8
generic
Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co...
What does Schweizer's reagent dissolve?
{'text': 'cellulose', 'answer_start': 424}
50,940
50,598
5725cd18ec44d21400f3d5cf
generic
Israel has one of the highest ratios of defense spending to GDP of all developed countries, only topped by Oman and Saudi Arabia. In 1984, for example, the country spent 24% of its GDP on defense. By 2006, that figure had dropped to 7.3%. Israel is one of the world's largest arms exporters, and was ranked fourth in the...
What two countries have a higher defense spending to GDP ratio than Israel?
{'text': 'Oman and Saudi Arabia', 'answer_start': 107}
123,130
122,788
5731e667e17f3d1400422521
generic
Baptists subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency (liberty), salvation through...
According to Baptists, who should have baptisms?
{'text': 'professing believers', 'answer_start': 75}
65,048
64,706
5ad0d742645df0001a2d066b
generic
At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which...
Which Cathedral is considered the only thoroughly Gothic cathedral?
{'text': 'Wells Cathedral', 'answer_start': 724}
39,082
38,740
570c2b156b8089140040fbb0
generic
An FBI special agent is issued a Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber. If they fail their first qualification, they are issued either a Glock 17 or Glock 19, to aid in their next qualification. In May 1997, the FBI officially adopted the Glock .40 S&W pistol for general agent use and first issued it t...
What did the FBI adopt in May 1997
{'text': 'Glock .40 S&W pistol', 'answer_start': 256}
12,816
12,474
56deff1d3277331400b4d879
generic
Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome. The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknam...
When Peter endorsed the term, the term Christian was used instead of what other term?
{'text': 'Nazarenes', 'answer_start': 406}
36,413
36,071
570afbdf6b8089140040f679
generic
During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac...
Who said that English writers usually used both dates on writings?
{'text': 'Woolley', 'answer_start': 574}
116,464
116,122
57305fc38ab72b1400f9c4b2
generic
The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground se...
How long has a translator's part in bridging values between cultures been discussed?
{'text': 'at least since Terence', 'answer_start': 99}