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Short-term memory is also known as working memory. Short-term memory allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal. Its capacity is also very limited: George A. Miller (1956), when working at Bell Laboratories, conducted experiments showing that the store of short-term memory was 7±2 items...
Why do some countries display numbers in chunks of two to four numbers?
{'text': 'because we are able to chunk the information into meaningful groups of numbers', 'answer_start': 897}
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Coop et al. (2009) found "a selected allele that strongly differentiates the French from both the Yoruba and Han could be strongly clinal across Europe, or at high frequency in Europe and absent elsewhere, or follow any other distribution according to the geographic nature of the selective pressure. However, we see tha...
What thing that strongly differentiates the French from some other populations be clinal across Europe?
{'text': 'a selected allele', 'answer_start': 26}
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The teachings on the Four Noble Truths are regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought. These four truths explain the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome. The four truths are:[note 4]
What do the Four Noble Truths explain?
{'text': 'the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome', 'answer_start': 188}
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The word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective γυμνός (gymnos) meaning "naked", by way of the related verb γυμνάζω (gymnazo), whose meaning is to train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient times exercised and compet...
What does the verb gymnazo mean?
{'text': 'to train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise"', 'answer_start': 156}
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Prior to Einstein's paper, electromagnetic radiation such as visible light was considered to behave as a wave: hence the use of the terms "frequency" and "wavelength" to characterise different types of radiation. The energy transferred by a wave in a given time is called its intensity. The light from a theatre spotligh...
What other types of wave besides light doesn't have its own intensity?
{'text': 'sound', 'answer_start': 610}
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During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri ("sea-land"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros "red"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Er...
What was the Roman name for the Red Sea?
{'text': 'Medri Bahri', 'answer_start': 56}
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Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that...
What was the name of the public Estate in Scotland that Albert and Victoria purchased?
{'text': 'Balmoral Castle', 'answer_start': 358}
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The Western Chalukya Empire (Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. Vast areas between the Narmada River in the north and Kaveri River in the south came under Chalukya control. During this period the other major ruling families of the Deccan...
During waht centuries did the Western Chalukya rule?
{'text': '10th and 12th', 'answer_start': 122}
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Because the electron mobility is higher than the hole mobility for all semiconductor materials, a given bipolar n–p–n transistor tends to be swifter than an equivalent p–n–p transistor. GaAs has the highest electron mobility of the three semiconductors. It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applicat...
What semiconductor has the highest electron mobility?
{'text': 'GaAs', 'answer_start': 186}
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The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre. National census results in the past few decades have been disputed. The results of the most recent census were released in December...
What was Nigeria's population density in 2009?
{'text': '167.5 people per square kilometre', 'answer_start': 154}
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Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people. Apple orchards were once plentiful, and Somerset is still a major producer of cider. The towns of Taunton and Shepton Mallet are involved with the production of cider, especially Blackthorn Cider, whic...
Which Somerset cheeses have earned the West Country Farmhouse Cheddar Protected Designation of Origin?
{'text': 'Ilchester Cheese Company', 'answer_start': 628}
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The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, connecting Manhattan to Bergen County, New Jersey. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest. The Brooklyn Bridge is an icon of the city itself. The towers of the Brooklyn Bridge ...
What is the busiest bridge for cars in the world?
{'text': 'George Washington Bridge', 'answer_start': 4}
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On 23 May 2001, the islands experienced an extratropical cyclone that generated winds up to 190 kilometres per hour (120 mph). A number of structures were severely damaged and a large number of cattle were killed, prompting emergency aid, provided by the British government.
In what year was the island hit by an extratropical cyclone?
{'text': '2001', 'answer_start': 10}
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In European countries which were most profoundly influenced by the Reformation, Protestantism still remains the most practiced religion. These include the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom. In other historical Protestant strongholds such as Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia and Hungary, it re...
In what countries is Protestantism one of the most popular (but not THE most popular) religions?
{'text': 'Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia and Hungary', 'answer_start': 247}
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Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alter...
Which genres were least influenced by post-punk?
{'text': 'new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music', 'answer_start': 225}
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Psychoactive drugs can impair the judgment of time. Stimulants can lead both humans and rats to overestimate time intervals, while depressants can have the opposite effect. The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine may be the reason for this. Such chemicals will either ...
Stimulants lead humans to underestimate what?
{'text': 'time intervals', 'answer_start': 109}
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The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in mo...
Where was the Galilean village?
{'text': 'Nazareth', 'answer_start': 232}
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Anxious to expand the company's broadcast and cable presence, longtime MCA head Lew Wasserman sought a rich partner. He located Japanese electronics manufacturer Matsushita Electric (now known as Panasonic), which agreed to acquire MCA for $6.6 billion in 1990. Meanwhile, around this time, the production subsidiary was...
In what year was MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. created?
{'text': '1990', 'answer_start': 256}
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When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when...
Royal Assent is considered not given at what moment?
{'text': 'when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled', 'answer_start': 140}
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In South Australia, initially a Liberal and Country Party affiliated party, the Liberal and Country League (LCL), mostly led by Premier of South Australia Tom Playford, was in power from the 1933 election to the 1965 election, though with assistance from an electoral malapportionment, or gerrymander, known as the Playm...
How long was Tom Playford in political power?
{'text': 'from the 1933 election to the 1965 election', 'answer_start': 182}
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These areas, quartiers sensibles ("sensitive quarters"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods. To the north of the city they are grouped mainly in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and to a lesser extreme to the east in the Val-d'Oise department. Other difficult...
Why were these neighborhoods created?
{'text': 'Delouvrier\'s 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative', 'answer_start': 495}
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In the UK the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents supports a proposal to observe SDST's additional hour year-round, but is opposed in some industries, such as postal workers and farmers, and particularly by those living in the northern regions of the UK.
What regions of the United Kingdom were generally against SDST?
{'text': 'northern regions', 'answer_start': 237}
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Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Littl...
What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb destroyed in the Second World War?
{'text': 'Fat Man', 'answer_start': 241}
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The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs. Two hardware configurations were also announced f...
By the time the system appeared at E3 2006, how many Ethernet ports was it down to?
{'text': 'one', 'answer_start': 208}
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Neptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune L4 and L5 Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stable in their orbi...
What is Neptune's temporary quasi-satellite named?
{'text': '(309239) 2007 RW10', 'answer_start': 562}
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Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and ...
Which continent contains Tibet?
{'text': 'Asia', 'answer_start': 117}
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Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education class...
What type of school isn't the Gesamtschule?
{'text': 'comprehensive', 'answer_start': 14}
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In October 2011, the government declared that an area covering nearly 2,000,000 square kilometres (772,000 sq mi) of ocean shall be reserved as a shark sanctuary. This is the world's largest shark sanctuary, extending the worldwide ocean area in which sharks are protected from 2,700,000 to 4,600,000 square kilometres (...
What is forbidden in shark sanctuaries?
{'text': 'shark fishing', 'answer_start': 376}
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The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broa...
Who was the creator of typeface font used by The Times?
{'text': 'Stanley Morison', 'answer_start': 93}
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During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed ...
How long ago was the last interglacial period?
{'text': '125,000', 'answer_start': 455}
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Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirle...
What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?
{'text': 'damaged', 'answer_start': 528}
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Southampton is also home to one of the most successful College American Football teams in the UK, the Southampton Stags, who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh.
What College American Football team calls Southampton home?
{'text': 'Southampton Stags', 'answer_start': 102}
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After the Dalai Lama's government fled to Dharamsala, India, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward, b...
When did 6,000 Tibetans die?
{'text': 'During the Great Leap Forward', 'answer_start': 288}
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Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of ...
Who brought the lute to Sicily?
{'text': 'Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians', 'answer_start': 195}
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Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as a filter bed...
What do the remaining grain pieces act as during lautering?
{'text': 'filter bed', 'answer_start': 310}
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IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open so...
Where do 300 Open Source Initiative developers work?
{'text': 'IBM Linux Technology Center', 'answer_start': 192}
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The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: K...
What is Tucson's NBC station?
{'text': 'KVOA 4', 'answer_start': 319}
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Tibet has various festivals that are commonly performed to worship the Buddha[citation needed] throughout the year. Losar is the Tibetan New Year Festival. Preparations for the festive event are manifested by special offerings to family shrine deities, painted doors with religious symbols, and other painstaking jobs do...
Who established the Monlam Prayer Festival in 1049?
{'text': 'Tsong Khapa', 'answer_start': 722}
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Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou...
How many cardinals were members of the curia in 1929?
{'text': 'almost half', 'answer_start': 745}
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The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because Ga...
When was the disagreement settled out of court?
{'text': 'June 2013', 'answer_start': 267}
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According to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other hand, holds that time is a dimension of...
What states all things have either always existed or not
{'text': 'Presentism', 'answer_start': 13}
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In September 2010, Beyoncé made her runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show. She was named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012. In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of the 2...
Beyonce's first modelling event was at where?
{'text': "Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show", 'answer_start': 62}
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After the Fall of Rome, the Catholic Church became the sole preserver of literate scholarship in Western Europe. The church established cathedral schools in the Early Middle Ages as centers of advanced education. Some of these establishments ultimately evolved into medieval universities and forebears of many of Europe'...
What happened with education during the Early Middle Ages?
{'text': 'church established cathedral schools', 'answer_start': 117}
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Modern evolutionary theory continues to develop. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, with its tree-like model of branching common descent, has become the unifying theory of the life sciences. The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment. It makes sense of ...
In what fields has Darwin's theory of evolution become particularly essential?
{'text': 'medicine and agriculture', 'answer_start': 564}
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For the past 25 years, the Tucson Folk Festival has taken place the first Saturday and Sunday of May in downtown Tucson's El Presidio Park. In addition to nationally known headline acts each evening, the Festival highlights over 100 local and regional musicians on five stages is one of the largest free festivals in the...
When is the Tucson Folk Festival held?
{'text': 'the first Saturday and Sunday of May', 'answer_start': 64}
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The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the L...
What was the population of San Diego at the time of the 2010 census?
{'text': '1,307,402', 'answer_start': 29}
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The major soap operas on British television each feature a pub, and these pubs have become household names. The Rovers Return is the pub in Coronation Street, the British soap broadcast on ITV. The Queen Vic (short for the Queen Victoria) is the pub in EastEnders, the major soap on BBC One and the Woolpack in ITV's Emm...
What pub is featured on Emmerdale?
{'text': 'the Woolpack', 'answer_start': 295}
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Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of d...
According to a 500-page UN Human Rights Council report, what was widespread behavior by state officials in Eritrea?
{'text': 'sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude', 'answer_start': 716}
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Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters. Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters, Ted Quinlan, head of the Canberra torch relay committee, said: "We didn't expect this reaction from the Chinese community. It is obviously a wel...
Which athlete carried the torch for the final leg?
{'text': 'Ian Thorpe', 'answer_start': 685}
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In September 2005, West announced that he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in spring 2006, claiming "Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring." The line was developed over the following four years – with multiple pieces teased by...
What year was Kanye's Pastelle Clothing Line scrapped?
{'text': '2009', 'answer_start': 380}
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While he was imprisoned in the castle of Fardajan near Hamadhan, Avicenna wrote his famous "Floating Man" – literally falling man – thought experiment to demonstrate human self-awareness and the substantiality and immateriality of the soul. Avicenna believed his "Floating Man" thought experiment demonstrated that the s...
Where was Avicenna once imprisoned?
{'text': 'the castle of Fardajan', 'answer_start': 27}
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The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogenerati...
How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption forbidden as being?
{'text': 'carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations', 'answer_start': 295}
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The term middle east as a noun and adjective was common in the 19th century in nearly every context except diplomacy and archaeology. An uncountable number of places appear to have had their middle easts from gardens to regions, including the United States. The innovation of the term "Near East" to mean the holdings of...
Where did the "Far East" derive from?
{'text': 'Ptolemy\'s "India Beyond the Ganges."', 'answer_start': 453}
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Lemi Ponifasio is a director and choreographer who is prominent internationally with his dance Company MAU. Neil Ieremia's company Black Grace has also received international acclaim with tours to Europe and New York. Hip hop has had a significant impact on Samoan culture. According to Katerina Martina Teaiwa, PhD from...
What professor at the University in Hawaii at Manoa wrote about the relationships between hip hop, dance, and traditional Samoan culture?
{'text': 'Katerina Martina Teaiwa', 'answer_start': 287}
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The Region of Île de France, including Paris and its surrounding communities, is governed by the Regional Council, which has its headquarters in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is composed of 209 members representing the different communes within the region. On December 15, 2015, a list of candidates of the Union o...
For how many years did the socialists governed the region?
{'text': 'seventeen', 'answer_start': 537}
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Swaziland derives its name from a later king named Mswati II. KaNgwane, named for Ngwane III, is an alternative name for Swaziland the surname of whose royal house remains Nkhosi Dlamini. Nkhosi literally means "king". Mswati II was the greatest of the fighting kings of Swaziland, and he greatly extended the area of th...
In terms of the most successful Swaziland kings in battle, who was the best?
{'text': 'Mswati II', 'answer_start': 219}
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John Lewis Newcastle (formerly Bainbridge) in Newcastle upon Tyne, is the world's oldest Department Store. It is still known to many of its customers as Bainbridge, despite the name change to 'John Lewis'. The Newcastle institution dates back to 1838 when Emerson Muschamp Bainbridge, aged 21, went into partnership with...
What is the current name of John Lewis Newcastle?
{'text': 'Bainbridge', 'answer_start': 31}
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In 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg, moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708. Thus the pr...
Who was the first elector from Hanover to sit on the British throne?
{'text': 'George I Louis', 'answer_start': 639}
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Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ...
Who wrote the line "Everything can touch body but body"?
{'text': 'Lucretius', 'answer_start': 658}
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Like his predecessor Pius XII, Paul VI put much emphasis on the dialogue with all nations of the world through establishing diplomatic relations. The number of foreign embassies accredited to the Vatican doubled during his pontificate. This was a reflection of a new understanding between Church and State, which had bee...
What organization officially outlined the church's relationship to state?
{'text': 'Vatican II', 'answer_start': 378}
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PS3 was given the number-eight spot on PC World magazine's list of "The Top 21 Tech Screwups of 2006", where it was criticized for being "Late, Expensive and Incompatible". GamesRadar ranked PS3 as the top item in a feature on game-related PR disasters, asking how Sony managed to "take one of the most anticipated game ...
How long did GamesRadar say it took Sony to turn the Internet against the PlayStation 4?
{'text': 'a year', 'answer_start': 366}
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For example, a horse eats grass: the horse changes the grass into itself; the grass as such does not persist in the horse, but some aspect of it—its matter—does. The matter is not specifically described (e.g., as atoms), but consists of whatever persists in the change of substance from grass to horse. Matter in this un...
Aristotle said parts have existence outside of what?
{'text': 'a whole', 'answer_start': 785}
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Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans. In 1775, an African-American named Prince Hall, along with fourteen other African-Americans, was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, having failed to obtain admi...
What exists today because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African Americans?
{'text': 'Prince Hall Freemasonry', 'answer_start': 0}
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The first successful light bulb filaments were made of carbon (from carbonized paper or bamboo). Early carbon filaments had a negative temperature coefficient of resistance — as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased. This made the lamp sensitive to fluctuations in the power supply, since a small increa...
What were negative effects of the flashing process?
{'text': 'improved the uniformity and strength of filaments as well as their efficiency', 'answer_start': 678}
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An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. Dur...
What did the Arabs call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?
{'text': 'Berbera', 'answer_start': 112}
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Based on fossil and biological evidence, most scientists accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs, and more specifically, they are members of Maniraptora, a group of theropods which includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids, among others. As scientists have discovered more theropods closely relat...
Recent discoveries in what country demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs.
{'text': 'China', 'answer_start': 471}
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The tradition of presenting the trophy immediately after the game did not start until the 1882 final; after the first final in 1872 the trophy was not presented to the winners, Wanderers, until a reception held four weeks later in the Pall Mall Restaurant in London. Under the original rules, the trophy was to be perman...
Who was the captain of Wanderers during their first loss?
{'text': 'CW Alcock', 'answer_start': 506}
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The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append the abbreviation LC to their name. This certification process is one of ...
Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination?
{'text': 'NCQLP', 'answer_start': 69}
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Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The P...
What native people lived in the San Diego area before the Europeans arrived?
{'text': 'Kumeyaay', 'answer_start': 25}
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As financial assets became more and more complex, and harder and harder to value, investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators, who came to rely on them, accepted as valid some complex mathematical models which theoretically showed the risks were much smaller...
What happened to financial assets that made them harder to value?
{'text': 'more complex', 'answer_start': 36}
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Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effec...
Why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy?
{'text': 'during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb', 'answer_start': 361}
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As the 10th century progressed, the Khazars were no longer able to command tribute from the Volga Bulgars, and their relationship with the Byzantines deteriorated, as Byzantium increasingly allied with the Pechenegs against them. The Pechenegs were thus secure to raid the lands of the Khazars from their base between th...
Who was able to command tribute in the 10th century?
{'text': 'the Khazars', 'answer_start': 32}
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One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus...
Why is the initial stage of Ebola not very contagious?
{'text': 'victims experience only internal hemorrhaging', 'answer_start': 683}
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The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th centur...
Who destroyed the organ?
{'text': 'Harrison & Harrison', 'answer_start': 23}
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The meaning of federalism, as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context.[citation needed] Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.[citation needed] For example, at th...
What types of non-movements are associated with federalism?
{'text': 'Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends', 'answer_start': 153}
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Grazing organisms may also kill their prey species, but this is seldom the case. While some herbivores like zooplankton live on unicellular phytoplankton and therefore, by the individualized nature of the organism, kill their prey, many only eat a small part of the plant. Grazing livestock may pull some grass out at th...
What does zooplankton need to get enough protein to help the development of?
{'text': 'their offspring', 'answer_start': 661}
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The key advantage of the four-rail system is that neither running rail carries any current. This scheme was introduced because of the problems of return currents, intended to be carried by the earthed (grounded) running rail, flowing through the iron tunnel linings instead. This can cause electrolytic damage and even a...
What can happen if the tunnel segments are electrically bonded together?
{'text': 'electrolytic damage and even arcing', 'answer_start': 290}
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In most US and Canadian jurisdictions, passenger elevators are required to conform to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' Standard A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. As of 2006, all states except Kansas, Mississippi, North Dakota, and South Dakota have adopted some version of ASME codes, though ...
What is the equivilent to the US Standard A17.1 called in Canada?
{'text': 'CAN/CSA B44 Safety Standard', 'answer_start': 383}
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The Chinese intervention in late October 1950 bolstered the Korean People's Air Force (KPAF) of North Korea with the MiG-15, one of the world's most advanced jet fighters. The fast, heavily armed MiG outflew first-generation UN jets such as the F-80 (United States Air Force) and Gloster Meteors (Royal Australian Air Fo...
What did the Soviet pilots start doing when accused of playing an integral role in the Korean War?
{'text': 'dropping their code signals and speaking over the wireless in Russian', 'answer_start': 600}
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Before the French and Indian War, the Appalachian Mountains laid on the indeterminate boundary between Britain's colonies along the Atlantic and French areas centered in the Mississippi basin. After the French and Indian War, the Proclamation of 1763 restricted settlement for Great Britain's thirteen original colonies ...
Where did the mountains lay before the French and Indian War?
{'text': "on the indeterminate boundary between Britain's colonies along the Atlantic and French areas centered in the Mississippi basin", 'answer_start': 65}
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The most powerful used method works by comparing each frame in the video with the previous one. If the frame contains areas where nothing has moved, the system simply issues a short command that copies that part of the previous frame, bit-for-bit, into the next one. If sections of the frame move in a simple manner, the...
What still remains much shorter than intraframe compression?
{'text': 'longer command', 'answer_start': 446}
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All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. Chopin inve...
What features marked Frédéric's performance style and made them unique?
{'text': 'nuance and sensitivity', 'answer_start': 285}
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Protestantism also spread from the German lands into France, where the Protestants were nicknamed Huguenots. Calvin continued to take an interest in the French religious affairs from his base in Geneva. He regularly trained pastors to lead congregations there. Despite heavy persecution, the Reformed tradition made stea...
When were French nobles converted to Protestantism?
{'text': 'the 1550s', 'answer_start': 599}
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In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of u...
What is the term for the amount of uranium-335 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?
{'text': 'critical mass', 'answer_start': 486}
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The Quine-Duhem thesis argues that it's impossible to test a single hypothesis on its own, since each one comes as part of an environment of theories. Thus we can only say that the whole package of relevant theories has been collectively falsified, but cannot conclusively say which element of the package must be replac...
What thesis says a scientific hypothesis is not testable in isolation from its system of theories?
{'text': 'Quine-Duhem', 'answer_start': 4}
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Middle Persian (Pahlavi) was the official language under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran. It was in use from the 3rd century CE until the beginning of the 10th century. The script used for Middle Persian in this era underwent significant maturity. Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian were also used as literary languages b...
Underwood dynasty was old Persian the official language?
{'text': 'Sasanian dynasty', 'answer_start': 61}
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generic
The Bohr magneton and the nuclear magneton are units which are used to describe the magnetic properties of the electron and atomic nuclei respectively. The Bohr magneton is the magnetic moment which would be expected for an electron if it behaved as a spinning charge according to classical electrodynamics. It is define...
The Bohr magneton is the magnetic moment of an electron under what restriction?
{'text': 'behaved as a spinning charge according to classical electrodynamics', 'answer_start': 239}
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Because interframe compression copies data from one frame to another, if the original frame is simply cut out (or lost in transmission), the following frames cannot be reconstructed properly. Some video formats, such as DV, compress each frame independently using intraframe compression. Making 'cuts' in intraframe-comp...
What is almost as easy as editing frames?
{'text': "Making 'cuts'", 'answer_start': 288}
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Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was ca...
How many divisions of the government did Montesquieu call for?
{'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 166}
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The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirem...
What building known for its bronze-tinted I-beams was completed in 1957?
{'text': 'Seagram Building', 'answer_start': 604}
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Darwin went to Edinburgh University in 1825 to study medicine. In his second year he neglected his medical studies for natural history and spent four months assisting Robert Grant's research into marine invertebrates. Grant revealed his enthusiasm for the transmutation of species, but Darwin rejected it. Starting in 18...
With whom did Darwin study about catastrophic geology?
{'text': 'Adam Sedgwick', 'answer_start': 553}
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For males, the reproductive system is the testis, suspended in the body cavity by tracheae and the fat body. Most male insects have a pair of testes, inside of which are sperm tubes or follicles that are enclosed within a membranous sac. The follicles connect to the vas deferens by the vas efferens, and the two tubular...
Where is tracheae located?
{'text': 'the body cavity', 'answer_start': 63}
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In 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state were "day trips", 25% stayed one night, 15% stayed two nights, and...
What percentage of out-of-state tourists stayed in Tennessee for four or more nights?
{'text': '11%', 'answer_start': 321}
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Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles. New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper. The New York City borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American...
What percentage of the New York City population is Japanese?
{'text': '0.3%', 'answer_start': 1536}
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Most definitions of sexual orientation include a psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component, which focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s. Some people prefer simply to follow an individual's self-definition or identity. Scientific and pro...
What do other people use to determine a persons sexual idenity?
{'text': "an individual's self-definition", 'answer_start': 257}
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Burke was not merely presenting a peace agreement to Parliament; rather, he stepped forward with four reasons against using force, carefully reasoned. He laid out his objections in an orderly manner, focusing on one before moving to the next. His first concern was that the use of force would have to be temporary, and t...
What geographical feature would prevent the Americans from retreating?
{'text': 'mountains', 'answer_start': 806}
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On April 29, 2011, the boundaries for the state-run tourism district were set. The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements. The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and will make changes to attract new businesses and attractions. New construc...
Who would oversee all functions of the new district?
{'text': 'The CRDA', 'answer_start': 190}
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In 1816, François Magendie discovered that dogs fed only carbohydrates (sugar), fat (olive oil), and water died evidently of starvation, but dogs also fed protein survived, identifying protein as an essential dietary component. William Prout in 1827 was the first person to divide foods into carbohydrates, fat, and prot...
What can be synthesized using carbohydrates and proteins?
{'text': 'body fat', 'answer_start': 858}
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Alaska has few road connections compared to the rest of the U.S. The state's road system covers a relatively small area of the state, linking the central population centers and the Alaska Highway, the principal route out of the state through Canada. The state capital, Juneau, is not accessible by road, only a car ferry...
Why is there a debate about moving the capital of Alaska to another town?
{'text': 'Juneau, is not accessible by road', 'answer_start': 269}
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Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be...
What has the separation of church and state failed to approve the political realm of?
{'text': 'religious dimension', 'answer_start': 638}