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The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre, marking the group's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever,[N 2] and tying Craig's series of films together with an overarching storyline. Several recurring James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve M...
Which movie was Spectre originally featured in?
{'text': 'Diamonds Are Forever', 'answer_start': 154}
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Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its...
Where in Houston is the University of Houston campus located?
{'text': 'southeast', 'answer_start': 340}
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The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as develope...
How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"?
{'text': 'developed countries', 'answer_start': 312}
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The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.
Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times?
{'text': 'Norway', 'answer_start': 94}
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Ecuador was the site of many indigenous cultures, and civilizations of different proportions. An early sedentary culture, known as the Valdivia culture, developed in the coastal region, while the Caras and the Quitus unified to form an elaborate civilization that ended at the birth of the Capital Quito. The Cañaris nea...
What did the Spaniards and Incas destroy?
{'text': 'architecture remains', 'answer_start': 443}
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On October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace. The aim of the strategy is to strengthen Canada’s "cyber systems and critical infrastructure sectors, support economic growth and protect Canadi...
When did Public Safety Canada unveil Canada's Cyber Security Strategy?
{'text': 'October 3, 2010', 'answer_start': 3}
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Although Albertus Magnus did much to instill mysticism in the Order of Preachers, it is a concept that reaches back to the Hebrew Bible. In the tradition of Holy Writ, the impossibility of coming face to face with God is a recurring motif, thus the commandment against graven images (Exodus 20.4-5). As time passed, Jewi...
What writings introduced the idea of "knowing" to the Order of Preachers?
{'text': 'Jewish and early Christian', 'answer_start': 316}
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In addition to re-writing the classification of annelids and 3 previously independent phyla, the molecular phylogenetics analyses undermine the emphasis that decades of previous writings placed on the importance of segmentation in the classification of invertebrates. Polychaetes, which these analyses found to be the pa...
What nervous system structure is less universal among annelids than was thought before 1907?
{'text': 'ladder-like', 'answer_start': 673}
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Another significant issue unique to LaserDisc is one involving the inconsistency of playback quality between different makers and models of player. On most televisions, a given DVD player will produce a picture that is visually indistinguishable from other units. Differences in image quality between players only become...
How cheaply could an older LaserDisc player be purchased in the 1990s?
{'text': '$25', 'answer_start': 1088}
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Biomass for heat and power is a fully mature technology which offers a ready disposal mechanism for municipal, agricultural, and industrial organic wastes. However, the industry has remained relatively stagnant over the decade to 2007, even though demand for biomass (mostly wood) continues to grow in many developing co...
What is one good thing about biomass?
{'text': 'fully mature technology', 'answer_start': 32}
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The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts complex houses the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium, the Fletcher Opera Theater, the Kennedy Theatre, and the Meymandi Concert Hall. In 2008, a new theatre space, the Meymandi Theatre at the Murphey School, was opened in the restored auditorium of the historic Murphey School. T...
What other theater is in the Duke Energy Center?
{'text': 'Fletcher Opera Theater', 'answer_start': 99}
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There is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algorithms. When transmitted directly t...
Colors are typically broadcast using YUV and then converted to what?
{'text': 'a RGB color space', 'answer_start': 244}
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The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country. The collection includes works from 19th, 20th, and 21st century American and European artists, including George Caleb Bingham, Thomas Cole, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Alexander Calder, Jackson Pollock, Rembrand...
In what year was George Caleb Bingham born?
{'text': '1881', 'answer_start': 51}
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Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ...
What sort of commission did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 establish?
{'text': 'Civil Rights Commission', 'answer_start': 366}
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During 2009, the federal government enacted new legislation repealing the Canada Corporations Act, Part II - the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act. This Act was last amended on 10 October 2011 and the act was current till 4 March 2013. It allows for incorporation as of right, by Articles of Incorporation; does awa...
When does Ontario expect the Canada Not-for-Profits Corpaoations Act to go into effect?
{'text': '1 July 2013', 'answer_start': 704}
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With the help of Charles Stearn, an expert on vacuum pumps, in 1878, Swan developed a method of processing that avoided the early bulb blackening. This received a British Patent in 1880.[dubious – discuss] On 18 December 1878, a lamp using a slender carbon rod was shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society, a...
Where did Joseph Swan demonstrate his lamp in January 1879?
{'text': 'at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society', 'answer_start': 271}
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At present, plans are being considered for building a new dual carriageway west of Strasbourg, which would reduce the buildup of traffic in that area by picking up north and southbound vehicles and getting rid of the buildup outside Strasbourg. The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the north of Strasbou...
What is the name of the new carriageway?
{'text': 'Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn', 'answer_start': 816}
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The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed ...
How much is Eddy Street Commons at Notre Dame expected to cost?
{'text': '$215 million', 'answer_start': 42}
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Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities. The first and the only independent reality, states the Dvaita school, is that of Vishnu or Brahman. Vishnu is the supreme Self, in a manner similar to monotheistic God in other major religi...
How is the God of Dvaita different from that of Advaita in actions?
{'text': 'takes on a personal role', 'answer_start': 425}
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Einstein partially advocates Mach's principle in that distant stars explain inertia because they provide the gravitational field against which acceleration and inertia occur. But contrary to Leibniz's account, this warped space-time is as integral a part of an object as are its other defining characteristics, such as v...
What do idealist believe can not exist independent of the mind?
{'text': 'objects', 'answer_start': 385}
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Public opinion pressured the U.S. government to bring Villa to justice for the raid on Columbus, New Mexico; U.S. President Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and some 5,000 troops into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa. It was known as the Punitive Expedition. After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, Ame...
How long did the American troops pursue Villa?
{'text': 'nearly a year', 'answer_start': 284}
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Rejecting offers to direct Jaws 2, King Kong and Superman, Spielberg and actor Richard Dreyfuss re-convened to work on a film about UFOs, which became Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977). One of the rare films both written and directed by Spielberg, Close Encounters was a critical and box office hit, giving Spiel...
How many Oscars did Close Encounters win?
{'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 451}
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Non-commercial radio stations include NPR affiliates KUOW-FM 94.9 and KPLU-FM 88.5 (Tacoma), as well as classical music station KING-FM 98.1. Other stations include KEXP-FM 90.3 (affiliated with the UW), community radio KBCS-FM 91.3 (affiliated with Bellevue College), and high school radio KNHC-FM 89.5, which broadcast...
What radio station is operated by the public school system?
{'text': 'KNHC-FM 89.5', 'answer_start': 291}
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The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 m...
What percentage of buildings were destroyed?
{'text': '80%', 'answer_start': 348}
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Though many of the events were outside the traditional time-period of the Middle Ages, the end of the unity of the Western Church (the Protestant Reformation), was one of the distinguishing characteristics of the medieval period. The Catholic Church had long fought against heretic movements, but during the Late Middle ...
What were Jon Wycliffe's supporters called?
{'text': 'the Lollards', 'answer_start': 799}
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To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J...
What does the pope give to a new Cardinal?
{'text': 'a gold ring', 'answer_start': 86}
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In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary ...
What year did Dell's enterprise revenue make up a large chunk of its loss?
{'text': '1998', 'answer_start': 678}
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Also on the north side is the suburban community of Catalina Foothills, located in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains just north of the city limits. This community includes among the area's most expensive homes, sometimes multimillion-dollar estates. The Foothills area is generally defined as north of River ...
Where are the most expensive homes in the Tucson metro area?
{'text': 'Catalina Foothills', 'answer_start': 52}
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The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most wide...
What is the native language of Germans?
{'text': 'German', 'answer_start': 34}
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Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]
What follows most inefficient route?
{'text': 'data', 'answer_start': 135}
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The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed]
Following the crusades which country was not dominated?
{'text': 'Estonia', 'answer_start': 18}
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Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game. Other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have distinct functions: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's...
What will special bundles of the game contain?
{'text': 'Wolf Link Amiibo', 'answer_start': 38}
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Instead, he formulated the spearhead model of evolution, a version of genetic pluralism. According to this model, living organisms themselves have goals, and act according to these goals, each guided by a central control. In its most sophisticated form, this is the brain of humans, but controls also exist in much less ...
What is the least sophisticated form of organisms with central control?
{'text': 'the brain of humans', 'answer_start': 262}
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The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish dimin...
Where do the Negritos reside currently?
{'text': 'Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.', 'answer_start': 174}
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Carrying a Louis Vuitton backpack filled with old disks and demos to the studio and back, West crafted much of his production for his debut album in less than fifteen minutes at a time. He recorded the remainder of the album in Los Angeles while recovering from the car accident. Once he had completed the album, it was ...
What was supposed to be the original release date for The College Dropout?
{'text': 'August 2003', 'answer_start': 962}
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There is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algorithms. When transmitted directly t...
Before being converted to RGB, colors are ususally broadcasted using what color space?
{'text': 'YUV', 'answer_start': 113}
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A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, l...
What part of Tucson is considered the West Side?
{'text': 'the area west of I-10', 'answer_start': 87}
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Von Neumann entered the Lutheran Fasori Evangelikus Gimnázium in 1911. This was one of the best schools in Budapest, part of a brilliant education system designed for the elite. Under the Hungarian system, children received all their education at the one gymnasium. Despite being run by the Lutheran Church, the majority...
What did Von Neumann enter in 1911?
{'text': 'Lutheran Fasori Evangelikus Gimnázium', 'answer_start': 24}
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In the late 17th century, Gottfried Leibniz proposed the idea of the Latin: vis viva, or living force, which defined as the product of the mass of an object and its velocity squared; he believed that total vis viva was conserved. To account for slowing due to friction, Leibniz theorized that thermal energy consisted of...
What is a term for living force?
{'text': 'vis viva', 'answer_start': 76}
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A 2005 paper states "recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a reduced use of general practitioner services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people. Research has, however, poin...
What is lowered in children who have pets?
{'text': 'absenteeism from school', 'answer_start': 346}
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At Princeton, the physicist Robert R. Wilson encouraged Feynman to participate in the Manhattan Project—the wartime U.S. Army project at Los Alamos developing the atomic bomb. Feynman said he was persuaded to join this effort to build it before Nazi Germany developed their own bomb. He was assigned to Hans Bethe's theo...
Who had never worked on fission bomb yields before Feynman?
{'text': 'Robert Serber', 'answer_start': 519}
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Measures, which were the means by which the National Assembly for Wales passed legislation between 2006 and 2011, were assented to by the Queen by means of an Order in Council. Section 102 of the Government of Wales Act 2006 required the Clerk to the Assembly to present measures passed by the assembly after a four-week...
What was the name by which the National Assembly of America passed legislation?
{'text': 'Measures', 'answer_start': 0}
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After its defeat in the 1979 general election the Labour Party underwent a period of internal rivalry between the left represented by Tony Benn, and the right represented by Denis Healey. The election of Michael Foot as leader in 1980, and the leftist policies he espoused, such as unilateral nuclear disarmament, leavin...
What did four members of the Labour Party leave to creat?
{'text': 'Social Democratic Party', 'answer_start': 644}
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The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps:
Who first came up with the idea for a Chinese satellite navigation system?
{'text': 'Chen Fangyun and his colleagues', 'answer_start': 76}
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Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston. In the Armory show Pablo Picasso exhibited La Femme au pot de moutarde (1910), the sculpture Head of a Woman (Fernande) (1909–10), Les Arbres (1907) amo...
In what city did the show that introduced Cubism to the USA take place?
{'text': 'New York City', 'answer_start': 110}
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As a doctoral student at Germany's University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Karlheinz Brandenburg began working on digital music compression in the early 1980s, focusing on how people perceive music. He completed his doctoral work in 1989. MP3 is directly descended from OCF and PXFM, representing the outcome of the collaborat...
What kind of student was Karlheinz Brandenburg?
{'text': 'doctoral', 'answer_start': 5}
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114th Street marks the southern boundary of Columbia University’s Morningside Heights Campus and is the location of Butler Library, which is the University’s largest.
114th Street runs along which boundary of Columbia University's Morningside Heights Campus?
{'text': 'southern', 'answer_start': 23}
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The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor. The current and 793rd Mayor of Southampton is Linda Norris. Catherine McEwing is the current and 578th sherriff. The town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melo...
When did John Melody, the town crier of Southampton, pass away?
{'text': '2014', 'answer_start': 302}
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RCA/Jive Label Group CEO Barry Weiss left the company in March 2011 to become the new CEO of Island Def Jam and Universal Republic, which were both part of Universal Music Group. Weiss had been the RCA/Jive Label Group CEO since 2008 and was head of Jive Records since 1991.
Weiss Barry was the head of Jive Records since what year?
{'text': '1991', 'answer_start': 269}
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Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching a...
What are shooters unresponsible for?
{'text': 'launching aircraft', 'answer_start': 172}
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Modern morphology recognizes a continuum between the major morphological categories of root, stem (caulome), leaf (phyllome) and trichome. Furthermore, it emphasizes structural dynamics. Modern systematics aims to reflect and discover phylogenetic relationships between plants. Modern Molecular phylogenetics largely ign...
Modern Morphology recognizes the structural dynamics of what?
{'text': 'the major morphological categories', 'answer_start': 49}
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The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discov...
What prize was first given in the 19th century?
{'text': 'Nobel Prize in Physics', 'answer_start': 389}
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Israeli cuisine includes local dishes as well as dishes brought to the country by Jewish immigrants from the diaspora. Since the establishment of the State in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli fusion cuisine has developed. Roughly half of the Israeli-Jewish population attests to keeping kosher at ...
Kosher restaurants make up what percent of total restaurants?
{'text': '25%', 'answer_start': 387}
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Glass remained a luxury material, and the disasters that overtook Late Bronze Age civilizations seem to have brought glass-making to a halt. Indigenous development of glass technology in South Asia may have begun in 1730 BCE. In ancient China, though, glassmaking seems to have a late start, compared to ceramics and met...
What word does "glass" come from?
{'text': 'glesum', 'answer_start': 477}
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Encompassing a wide variety of post-Romantic styles composed through the year 2000, 20th century classical music includes late romantic, modern, high-modern, and postmodern styles of composition. Modernism (1890–1930) marked an era when many composers rejected certain values of the common practice period, such as tradi...
Postmodern music is also know as what?
{'text': 'contemporary music', 'answer_start': 610}
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Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority).
What religion do the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang not practice?
{'text': 'Islam', 'answer_start': 49}
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Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible ...
What is the Novikov self-consistency principle considered to be?
{'text': 'an unchangeable constant', 'answer_start': 514}
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Parasites can at times be difficult to distinguish from grazers. Their feeding behavior is similar in many ways, however they are noted for their close association with their host species. While a grazing species such as an elephant may travel many kilometers in a single day, grazing on many plants in the process, para...
How many forms are used to classify a single plant?
{'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 1017}
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In 1976, contemporaneously with Woodson and Roberts, the Court decided Gregg v. Georgia and upheld a procedure in which the trial of capital crimes was bifurcated into guilt-innocence and sentencing phases. At the first proceeding, the jury decides the defendant's guilt; if the defendant is innocent or otherwise not co...
What isn't the only conviction that can lead to the death penalty?
{'text': 'first-degree murder', 'answer_start': 331}
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The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions. It also runs morning and evening classes in the schools of art. Also of note is the Moti Azima Gallery, located in a three storied build...
Where can one find the Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery?
{'text': 'Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds', 'answer_start': 57}
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The Community Tool Box is a public service of the University maintained by the Work Group for Community Health and Development. It is a free, online resource that contains more than 7,000 pages of practical information for promoting community health and development, and is a global resource for both professionals and g...
What kinds of groups around the world are harmed from the Community Tool Box?
{'text': 'professionals and grassroots groups engaged in the work of community health and development', 'answer_start': 301}
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The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., a light-year is a measure...
How are bodies in space measured?
{'text': 'by how long light takes to travel', 'answer_start': 240}
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The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue. Where Census figures are available, they show around 3 million Greeks outside Greece and Cyprus. Estimates provided by the SAE - World Council of Hellenes Abroad put the figure at around 7 million worldwide. According to George Pr...
Who has presented the contradictory number to the census groups ?
{'text': 'George Prevelakis of Sorbonne University, the number is closer to just below 5 million', 'answer_start': 311}
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Most feature movies shown during the prime time and early overnight hours (8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time) are presented by film historian Robert Osborne (who has been with the network since its 1994 launch, except for a five-month medical leave from July to December 2011, when guest hosts presented each night's f...
Why did Robert Osborne stop presenting films on TCM for several months?
{'text': 'medical leave', 'answer_start': 237}
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The Heian period was preceded by the Nara period and began in 794 A.D after the movement of the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (present day Kyōto京都), by the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu. Kanmu first tried to move the capital to Nagaoka-kyō, but a series of disasters befell the city, prompting the emperor to relocate the ...
Heian-kyo is now what present-day city?
{'text': 'Kyōto', 'answer_start': 139}
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Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a fi...
What, typically, is the speed of the second movement in a classical piece?
{'text': 'slow', 'answer_start': 268}
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Popper played a vital role in establishing the philosophy of science as a vigorous, autonomous discipline within philosophy, through his own prolific and influential works, and also through his influence on his own contemporaries and students. Popper founded in 1946 the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Me...
Which two major philosophers of science learned a great deal from Popper at the London School Economics?
{'text': 'Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend', 'answer_start': 398}
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Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17...
What determines what props groups can bring?
{'text': 'age of participant and routine category', 'answer_start': 528}
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By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ...
What Empire was the result of a growing German nationalism?
{'text': 'Austro-Hungarian Empire', 'answer_start': 360}
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Digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which would damage the ...
What is food formed into before it is swallowed?
{'text': 'a bolus', 'answer_start': 106}
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Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater par...
What is a common chant of Arsenal supporters?
{'text': 'One-Nil to the Arsenal', 'answer_start': 537}
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The process of selectio resembles eclectic textual criticism, but applied to a restricted set of hypothetical hyparchetypes. The steps of examinatio and emendatio resemble copy-text editing. In fact, the other techniques can be seen as special cases of stemmatics in which a rigorous family history of the text cannot be...
The process of selectio does not resemble what type of criticism?
{'text': 'eclectic', 'answer_start': 34}
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On the other hand, the crew on board the spaceship also perceives the observer as slowed down and flattened along the spaceship's direction of travel, because both are moving at very nearly the speed of light relative to each other. Because the outside universe appears flattened to the spaceship, the crew perceives the...
How does the crew board the spaceship perceive the traveling observer?
{'text': "slowed down and flattened along the spaceship's direction of travel", 'answer_start': 82}
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Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics. Yet, Macedonian agitation continued. The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 ...
Who did Rome fight in the Fourth Macedonian War?
{'text': 'a Macedonian pretender to the throne', 'answer_start': 343}
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Since annelids are soft-bodied, their fossils are rare. Polychaetes' fossil record consists mainly of the jaws that some species had and the mineralized tubes that some secreted. Some Ediacaran fossils such as Dickinsonia in some ways resemble polychaetes, but the similarities are too vague for these fossils to be clas...
What do some people think Cloudina should be called instead of an annelid?
{'text': 'cnidarian', 'answer_start': 483}
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However loss resistance will generally affect the feedpoint impedance, adding to its resistive (real) component. That resistance will consist of the sum of the radiation resistance Rr and the loss resistance Rloss. If an rms current I is delivered to the terminals of an antenna, then a power of I2Rr will be radiated an...
The addition of Rr and Rloss equals what?
{'text': 'resistance', 'answer_start': 118}
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In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 319,00...
What percent of the Bronx is Asian?
{'text': '3.6%', 'answer_start': 691}
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The Royal College of Chemistry was established by private subscription in 1845 as there was a growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany. As a result of a movement ear...
What college was established by private donations in 1845?
{'text': 'The Royal College of Chemistry', 'answer_start': 0}
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Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, pe...
Since Neptune's light spots persist for several months, what are they thought to be?
{'text': 'vortex structures', 'answer_start': 252}
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The Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam ever constructed, is being built on the Yangtze River in nearby Hubei province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream. The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its...
On which river is the Three Gorges Dam built?
{'text': 'Yangtze River', 'answer_start': 78}
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On the island of Crete, along with the lyra and the laouto (lute), the mandolin is one of the main instruments used in Cretan Music. It appeared on Crete around the time of the Venetian rule of the island. Different variants of the mandolin, such as the "mantola," were used to accompany the lyra, the violin, and the la...
Who reported that the mandolin and the mpoulgari were not used to accompany the lyria?
{'text': 'Stelios Foustalierakis', 'answer_start': 326}
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A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams...
On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?
{'text': 'Manhattan Island', 'answer_start': 330}
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Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are r...
What foundry is neither inclusive or exclusive?
{'text': 'language', 'answer_start': 794}
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On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall, London, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but the gun did not fire; he escaped. The following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke Francis to take a second aim and catch him...
What did John William Bean try to fire at Queen Victoria?
{'text': 'paper and tobacco', 'answer_start': 624}
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The 100th meridian roughly corresponds with the line that divides the Great Plains into an area that receive 20 inches (510 millimetres) or more of rainfall per year and an area that receives less than 20 in (510 mm). In this context, the High Plains, as well as Southern Alberta, south-western Saskatchewan and Eastern ...
What meridian comprises the northern edge of the Great Plains?
{'text': '100th', 'answer_start': 4}
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Following the Ulm Campaign, French forces managed to capture Vienna in November. The fall of Vienna provided the French a huge bounty as they captured 100,000 muskets, 500 cannons, and the intact bridges across the Danube. At this critical juncture, both Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II decided to eng...
How many cannons did the French capture when Vienna fell?
{'text': '500', 'answer_start': 168}
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In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide...
When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in China?
{'text': 'October 23, 1983', 'answer_start': 293}
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Kumari Ghar is a palace in the center of the Kathmandu city, next to the Durbar square where a Royal Kumari selected from several Kumaris resides. Kumari, or Kumari Devi, is the tradition of worshipping young pre-pubescent girls as manifestations of the divine female energy or devi in South Asian countries. In Nepal th...
What type of government did Nepal have after the monarchy?
{'text': 'Maoist', 'answer_start': 737}
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Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the com...
What is the nearest emission peak visible to the human eye?
{'text': 'Near-infrared', 'answer_start': 0}
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A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented cam...
What hunters allow for anti-poaching activities?
{'text': 'Safari hunters', 'answer_start': 324}
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The gas centrifuge process, where gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF 6) is separated by the difference in molecular weight between 235UF6 and 238UF6 using high-speed centrifuges, is the cheapest and leading enrichment process. The gaseous diffusion process had been the leading method for enrichment and was used in the Ma...
What enrichment process wasn't used by the Manhattan Project?
{'text': 'gaseous diffusion', 'answer_start': 229}
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Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath...
What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead agreed with?
{'text': 'reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another.', 'answer_start': 454}
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Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people. The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion. He cites examples from Greek mythology, which is, in his o...
What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer?
{'text': 'The construction of gods and spirits like persons', 'answer_start': 167}
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Chinese officials canceled the torch relay ceremony amidst disruptions, including a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials. The third torchbearer in the Paris leg, Jin Jing, who was disabled and carried the torch on a wheelchair, was assaulted several times by unidentified protestors...
Who threw a a Tibetan flag from a City Hall window?
{'text': 'Green Party officials.', 'answer_start': 137}
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The French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet under E...
Where was the planned invasion of Britain by France?
{'text': 'near the mouth of the Loire', 'answer_start': 82}
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Towards the end of the season, Randy Jackson, the last remaining of the original judges, announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures. Both judges Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj also decided to leave after one season to focus on their music careers.
Who announced this would be his final year as a judge?
{'text': 'Randy Jackson', 'answer_start': 31}
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Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe. The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly compris...
Euro180 was a division of what former company?
{'text': 'Alfacam', 'answer_start': 80}
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Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ...
What is the three-pronged test regarding the Establishment Clause know as?
{'text': '"Lemon Test"', 'answer_start': 172}
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The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on October 31, 2000. The second satellite, BeiDou-1B, was successfully launched on December 21, 2000. The last operational satellite of the constellation, BeiDou-1C, was launched on May 25, 2003.
The second satellite was named BeiDou-12b and was launched in December of what year?
{'text': '2000', 'answer_start': 141}
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After its release, Evita garnered critical appreciation. Zach Conner from Time magazine commented, "It's a relief to say that Evita is pretty damn fine, well cast and handsomely visualized. Madonna once again confounds our expectations. She plays Evita with a poignant weariness and has more than just a bit of star qual...
Who from Times magazine gave an excellent critique of the film Evita?
{'text': 'Zach Conner', 'answer_start': 57}