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The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart. In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and huge lakes formed in the high flat basins among uplifts. In Europe, the Tethys Sea finally vanished, while the uplift of the Alps isolat...
In the Eocene, in Europe, which sea ceased to be?
{'text': 'Tethys Sea', 'answer_start': 256}
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New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers...
What new security features did Windows 8 provide?
{'text': 'PINs and picture passwords', 'answer_start': 105}
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Certain genera of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporohalobacter, Anaerobacter, and Heliobacterium, can form highly resistant, dormant structures called endospores. In almost all cases, one endospore is formed and this is not a reproductive process, although Anaerobacter can make up to seven end...
Is creating endospore a reproductive process?
{'text': 'is not a reproductive process', 'answer_start': 243}
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In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president. His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner. The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a maj...
What were Watch Tower Society directors jailed for?
{'text': 'sedition', 'answer_start': 854}
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Emerging British acts included Free, who released their signature song "All Right Now" (1970), which has received extensive radio airplay in both the UK and US. After the breakup of the band in 1973, vocalist Paul Rodgers joined supergroup Bad Company, whose eponymous first album (1974) was an international hit. The mi...
What band had the single Bohemian Rhapsody at number one on the US charts for nine weeks?
{'text': 'Queen', 'answer_start': 749}
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Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but the...
Which group uses a slash-and-burn technique to create habitats for humans?
{'text': 'hunter-gatherers', 'answer_start': 5}
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QED vacuum has interesting and complex properties. In QED vacuum, the electric and magnetic fields have zero average values, but their variances are not zero. As a result, QED vacuum contains vacuum fluctuations (virtual particles that hop into and out of existence), and a finite energy called vacuum energy. Vacuum flu...
When are electric and magnetic fields with zero average values, but their variances are not at zero?
{'text': 'In QED vacuum', 'answer_start': 51}
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The city is home or birthplace to a number of contemporary musicians such as R'n'B singer Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, former Holloways singer Rob Skipper as well as 1980s popstar Howard Jones. Several rock bands were formed in Southampton, including Band of Skulls, The Delays, Bury Tomorrow, Heart in H...
What popular RnB singer hails from Southampton?
{'text': 'Craig David', 'answer_start': 90}
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It is a fundamental property of antennas that the electrical characteristics of an antenna described in the next section, such as gain, radiation pattern, impedance, bandwidth, resonant frequency and polarization, are the same whether the antenna is transmitting or receiving. For example, the "receiving pattern" (sensi...
What proposition explains the equivalency of the recieving pattern of an antenna?
{'text': 'reciprocity theorem of electromagnetics', 'answer_start': 522}
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During the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansio...
What type of practices did John D. Rockefeller exhibit in the oil industry?
{'text': 'effective tactics and aggressive practices', 'answer_start': 765}
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In the late 1130s, Arnold of Brescia, an Italian canon regular became one of the first theologians to attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church. After his death, his teachings on apostolic poverty gained currency among Arnoldists, and later more widely among Waldensians and the Spiritual Franciscans, though no writte...
Who was one of the first to try to reform the Catholic Church?
{'text': 'Arnold of Brescia', 'answer_start': 19}
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The Philippines has had small grassroots movements for U.S. statehood. Originally part of the platform of the Progressive Party, then known as the Federalista Party, the party dropped it in 1907, which coincided with the name change. As recently as 2004, the concept of the Philippines becoming a U.S. state has been par...
What party used to be known as the Armed Forces Party?
{'text': 'Federalista Party', 'answer_start': 147}
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The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the A...
What is the contemporary name of the religion which Avesta was part of?
{'text': 'Zoroastrianism', 'answer_start': 212}
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Rome had a semi-divine ancestor in the Trojan refugee Aeneas, son of Venus, who was said to have established the nucleus of Roman religion when he brought the Palladium, Lares and Penates from Troy to Italy. These objects were believed in historical times to remain in the keeping of the Vestals, Rome's female priesthoo...
Of what did Aeneas establish the central feature?
{'text': 'Roman religion', 'answer_start': 124}
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Manhattan Island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and New Jersey by several tunnels as well. The Lincoln Tunnel, which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan, is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world. The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allo...
In what New Jersey city does the Holland Tunnel terminate?
{'text': 'Jersey City', 'answer_start': 508}
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The Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal, Quaecumque sunt vera (Whatsoever things are true) is drawn from the Epistle of Paul to the Philippians 4:8, while the Greek phrase inscribed on the pages of an open book is taken from the Gospel of John 1:14: ο λόγος πλήρης χάριτος και αληθείας (The Word full of grace and truth)...
What color besides blue is often considered an official color of Northwestern?
{'text': 'white', 'answer_start': 552}
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Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Pé...
Who never discovered uranium in pitchblende?
{'text': 'Martin Heinrich Klaproth', 'answer_start': 225}
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Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La Count...
What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet?
{'text': 'tea, horses, and salt', 'answer_start': 230}
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Even though, both Kashmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta are non-dual philosophies which give primacy to Universal Consciousness (Chit or Brahman), in Kashmir Shavisim, as opposed to Advaita, all things are a manifestation of this Consciousness. This implies that from the point of view of Kashmir Shavisim, the phenomenal...
What is the opposite of Shiva?
{'text': 'Universal Consciousness', 'answer_start': 592}
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The Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT, CSIR Lab), Palampur, the National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Una the Central University Dharamshala, AP Goyal (Alakh Prakash Goyal) Shiml...
Why has IEC University earned distinction?
{'text': 'for imparting teaching, research and extension education in horticulture, forestry and allied disciplines', 'answer_start': 947}
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In the UK, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway pioneered overhead electrification of its suburban lines in London, London Bridge to Victoria being opened to traffic on 1 December 1909. Victoria to Crystal Palace via Balham and West Norwood opened in May 1911. Peckham Rye to West Norwood opened in June 1912. Fu...
Because of the Second World War, what was not completed?
{'text': 'Further extensions', 'answer_start': 318}
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Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river nam...
Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?
{'text': 'the Magyar or Romanian population', 'answer_start': 249}
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The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to no...
What did the USA PATRIOT Act allow the CIA to do more?
{'text': 'wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity', 'answer_start': 76}
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Built in 1815, Union Street was at the heart of Plymouth's historical culture. It became known as the servicemen's playground, as it was where sailors from the Royal Navy would seek entertainment of all kinds. During the 1930s, there were 30 pubs and it attracted such performers as Charlie Chaplin to the New Palace The...
Who performed at the New Palace Theatre in the 1930s?
{'text': 'Charlie Chaplin', 'answer_start': 283}
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As with other public schools, a scheme was devised towards the end of the 19th century to familiarize privileged schoolboys with social conditions in deprived areas. The project of establishing an 'Eton Mission' in the crowded district of Hackney Wick in east London was started at the beginning of 1880, and lasted unti...
In what year was the Eton Manor Boys' Club established?
{'text': '1880', 'answer_start': 299}
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Fluids cannot generally be pulled, so a vacuum cannot be created by suction. Suction can spread and dilute a vacuum by letting a higher pressure push fluids into it, but the vacuum has to be created first before suction can occur. The easiest way to create an artificial vacuum is to expand the volume of a container. Fo...
What can be used in a chest cavity during surgery?
{'text': 'suction', 'answer_start': 68}
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Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth...
When did the House of Burgundy revolt against Philip II?
{'text': '1568', 'answer_start': 307}
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Russia, as a member of the Holy Alliance, had operated as the "police of Europe", maintaining the balance of power that had been established in the Treaty of Vienna in 1815. Russia had assisted Austria's efforts in suppressing the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and expected gratitude; it wanted a free hand in settling i...
In what year did the Hungarian Revolution take place?
{'text': '1848', 'answer_start': 255}
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Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones. He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain. He un...
Which season 11 contestant had to go to the hospital before the Top 13 Results?
{'text': 'Phillip Phillips', 'answer_start': 9}
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The fourteenth season premiered on January 7, 2015. Ryan Seacrest returned to host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick, Jr. returned for their respective fourth, third and second seasons as judges. Eighth season runner-up Adam Lambert filled in for Urban during the New York City auditions. Randy Jackso...
What year did American Idol first air its fourteenth season?
{'text': '2015', 'answer_start': 46}
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Some high-speed black-and-white films, such as Ilford Delta 3200 and Kodak T-MAX P3200, are marketed with film speeds in excess of their true ISO speed as determined using the ISO testing method. For example, the Ilford product is actually an ISO 1000 film, according to its data sheet. The manufacturers do not indicate...
Ilford Delta and Fuji marketed what kind of film?
{'text': 'E6', 'answer_start': 408}
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Yet controlling the "Mandate of Heaven" was a daunting task. The vastness of China's territory meant that there were only enough banner troops to garrison key cities forming the backbone of a defense network that relied heavily on surrendered Ming soldiers. In addition, three surrendered Ming generals were singled out ...
Who was the most important Ming general?
{'text': 'Wu Sangui', 'answer_start': 507}
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Panels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to ...
Narrative isn't placed into panels using what?
{'text': 'encapsulation', 'answer_start': 169}
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Gephardt added that "inclusion and empowerment of the people on the line have to be done to get the best performance" from the minority party. Other techniques for fostering party harmony include the appointment of task forces composed of partisan colleagues with conflicting views to reach consensus on issues; the crea...
What does the creation of leadership positions allow for?
{'text': 'way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure', 'answer_start': 358}
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In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, True Blue, which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn. Rolling Stone magazine was generally impressed with the effort, writing that the album "sound[s] as if it comes from the heart". It resulted in three singles making it to number-one on the Billboard Hot 1...
Who was the album True Blue dedicated to?
{'text': 'Sean Penn', 'answer_start': 105}
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The party's performance held up in local elections in 2012 with Labour consolidating its position in the North and Midlands, while also regaining some ground in Southern England. In Wales the party enjoyed good successes, regaining control of most Welsh Councils lost in 2008, including the capital city, Cardiff. In Sco...
Where did Labour fail to gain ground?
{'text': 'Southern England', 'answer_start': 161}
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In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal com...
What company did analysts feel would need to find an exit strategy to profit from selling Dell?
{'text': 'Silver Lake', 'answer_start': 453}
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In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Police, was founded in 1868. Initially the Dominion Police p...
What was Canada's first police force?
{'text': 'Royal Newfoundland Constabulary', 'answer_start': 15}
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Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as...
What was heavily influenced by Christian thinking?
{'text': 'Medieval political philosophy in Europe', 'answer_start': 0}
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In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions where a winner is required various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock, some competitions may invoke replays. A game tied at the end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the s...
Which goals do not count toward the final score of the game?
{'text': 'Goals scored during extra time', 'answer_start': 561}
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For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other can...
What is Neptune's temperature in the thermosphere?
{'text': '750 K', 'answer_start': 106}
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From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year. In the autumn of 1826 he began a three-year course under the Silesian composer Józef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory, studying music theory, figured bass and com...
What was the name of the teacher of Chopin's three year course that began in the fall of 1826?
{'text': 'Józef Elsner', 'answer_start': 236}
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There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000-seat stadium to be built, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 millio...
What team did Everton FC consider sharing grounds with around the year 2000?
{'text': 'Liverpool', 'answer_start': 691}
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Japan saw the release of the Satellaview, a modem which attached to the Super Famicom's expansion port and connected to the St.GIGA satellite radio station. Users of the Satellaview could download gaming news and specially designed games, which were frequently either remakes of or sequels to older Famicom titles, relea...
When did the Satellaview begin operation?
{'text': 'April 23, 1995', 'answer_start': 381}
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Sanskrit originated in an oral society, and the oral tradition was maintained through the development of early classical Sanskrit literature. Writing was not introduced to India until after Sanskrit had evolved into the Prakrits; when it was written, the choice of writing system was influenced by the regional scripts o...
Under what type of tradition did Sanskrit begin?
{'text': 'oral tradition', 'answer_start': 48}
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By the late 1990s, blue LEDs became widely available. They have an active region consisting of one or more InGaN quantum wells sandwiched between thicker layers of GaN, called cladding layers. By varying the relative In/Ga fraction in the InGaN quantum wells, the light emission can in theory be varied from violet to am...
How can light emission be varied from red to amber?
{'text': 'By varying the relative In/Ga fraction in the InGaN quantum wells, the light emission can in theory be varied from violet to amber', 'answer_start': 193}
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East 2nd Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue C and also continues to Bowery. The East end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th Streets is Avenue D, with East 6th Street continuing further Eastward and connecting to FDR Drive.
East 6th Street continues further Eastward and connects to which Drive?
{'text': 'FDR', 'answer_start': 231}
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The colloquialism "buck"(s) (much like the British word "quid"(s, pl) for the pound sterling) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial leather trade. It may also have originated from a poker term. "Green...
What color other than red was used on the backside of the original note?
{'text': 'black', 'answer_start': 531}
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While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range ...
In what year does the university expect to close two more colleges?
{'text': '2017', 'answer_start': 442}
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In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) w...
Who commanded the army?
{'text': 'the stadtholder', 'answer_start': 360}
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Owing to economic conditions and the late 2000s recession, many of the proposed mega casinos never went further than the initial planning stages. One of these developers was Pinnacle Entertainment, who purchased the Sands Atlantic City, only to close it permanently November 11, 2006. The following year, the resort was ...
When did the Sands Atlantic City close permanently?
{'text': 'November 11, 2006', 'answer_start': 266}
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German air supremacy at night was also now under threat. British night-fighter operations out over the Channel were proving highly successful. This was not immediately apparent. The Bristol Blenheim F.1 was undergunned, with just four .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns which struggled to down the Do 17, Ju 88, or Heinkel He...
How did the Bristol Blenheim F.1 perform against German aircraft?
{'text': 'was undergunned, with just four .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns', 'answer_start': 203}
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Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was su...
What led Bouvard to deduce Neptune was subject to gravitational perturbation of an unknown planet?
{'text': 'changes in the orbit of Uranus', 'answer_start': 167}
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In 1968 Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle published The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), the basis for generative phonology. In this view, phonological representations are sequences of segments made up of distinctive features. These features were an expansion of earlier work by Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, and Morris Halle....
What other discipline was combined with phonology by the generativists?
{'text': 'morphophonology', 'answer_start': 880}
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The rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent and numbers swelled. On February 20, a ...
What sort of strike was called?
{'text': 'transport', 'answer_start': 436}
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PlayStation Network is the unified online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service provided by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, announced during the 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing meeting in Tokyo. The service is always connected, free, and includes multiplayer su...
Along with being free and providing constant connectivity, what other feature does PS Network offer users?
{'text': 'multiplayer support', 'answer_start': 306}
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In October 2014, Beyoncé signed a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with British fashion retailer Topshop. The 50-50 venture is called Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd and is scheduled to launch its first dance, fitness and sports ranges in autumn 2015. The line will launch in April 2016.
What is the new business called?
{'text': 'Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd', 'answer_start': 147}
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Between 1993 and 1996, the FBI increased its counter-terrorism role in the wake of the first 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City, New York; the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and the arrest of the Unabomber in 1996. Technological innovation and the skills of FBI Laboratory analysts ...
What did agents within the FBI do to investigations of the agency?
{'text': 'obstructed', 'answer_start': 494}
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Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War, including the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment (part of the legendary Iron Brigade), which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrive...
Who led the Wolverine Brigade?
{'text': 'George Armstrong Custer', 'answer_start': 421}
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It is not only the proportion of latewood, but also its quality, that counts. In specimens that show a very large proportion of latewood it may be noticeably more porous and weigh considerably less than the latewood in pieces that contain but little. One can judge comparative density, and therefore to some extent stren...
What could we call some specimens with a high proportion of latewood that explains why they weigh less than specimens with much less latewood?
{'text': 'porous', 'answer_start': 163}
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Following an unusually heavy rainfall in June 2009, a community-wide outbreak of Campylobacter gastroenteritis occurred in a small Danish town. The outbreak investigation consisted of (1) a cohort study using an e-questionnaire of disease determinants, (2) microbiological study of stool samples, (3) serological study o...
What is the event?
{'answer_id': 273676, 'document_id': 445516, 'question_id': 138435, 'text': 'The outbreak investigation consisted of (1) a cohort study using an e-questionnaire of disease determinants, (2) microbiological study of stool samples, (3) serological study of blood samples from cases and asymptomatic members of case househo...
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The salivary glands (element 30 in numbered diagram) in an insect's mouth produce saliva. The salivary ducts lead from the glands to the reservoirs and then forward through the head to an opening called the salivarium, located behind the hypopharynx. By moving its mouthparts (element 32 in numbered diagram) the insect ...
What produces saliva in an insects mouth?
{'text': 'salivary glands', 'answer_start': 4}
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This effectively means that populations of organisms must have reached a certain measurable level of difference to be recognised as subspecies. Dean Amadon proposed in 1949 that subspecies would be defined according to the seventy-five percent rule which means that 75% of a population must lie outside 99% of the range ...
The 75% rule states how much of a population must lie outside the range of other populations for a defining set of characters?
{'text': '99%', 'answer_start': 303}
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The American people are mostly multi-ethnic descendants of various culturally distinct immigrant groups, many of which have now developed nations. Some consider themselves multiracial, while acknowledging race as a social construct. Creolization, assimilation and integration have been continuing processes. The African-...
What is race sometimes seen as?
{'text': 'a social construct', 'answer_start': 213}
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Louis XVI translated the Reflections "from end to end" into French. Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him. Fox thought the Reflections to be "in very bad taste" and "favouring Tory principles". Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privat...
What political party was Charles James Fox?
{'text': 'Whig', 'answer_start': 75}
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Walking is a popular recreational activity in London. Areas that provide for walks include Wimbledon Common, Epping Forest, Hampton Court Park, Hampstead Heath, the eight Royal Parks, canals and disused railway tracks. Access to canals and rivers has improved recently, including the creation of the Thames Path, some 28...
What walking path was created as a tribute to a member of the Royal Family who died prematurely?
{'text': 'the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Walk', 'answer_start': 694}
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In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to...
What crime was common in the Bronx in the 1970s?
{'text': 'arson', 'answer_start': 49}
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KU's School of Business launched interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research during Fall Semester 1965. The program provided the foundation for decision science applications supporting NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations.
What kind of applications did the interdisciplinary program help shape?
{'text': 'decision science', 'answer_start': 177}
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In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activ...
Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion play an important role?
{'text': 'romance', 'answer_start': 556}
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The largest ethnic groups are Newar (29.6%), Matwali (25.1% Sunuwar, Gurung, Magars, Tamang etc.), Khas Brahmins (20.51%) and Chettris (18.5%) . Tamangs originating from surrounding hill districts can be seen in Kathmandu. More recently, other hill ethnic groups and Caste groups from Terai have come to represent a subs...
What are Kathmandu's primary religions?
{'text': 'Hinduism and Buddhism', 'answer_start': 512}
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The Romans under Nero Claudius Drusus established a military outpost belonging to the Germania Superior Roman province at Strasbourg's current location, and named it Argentoratum. (Hence the town is commonly called Argentina in medieval Latin.) The name "Argentoratum" was first mentioned in 12 BC and the city celebrate...
Who was leading the Romans at Argentoratum?
{'text': 'Nero Claudius Drusus', 'answer_start': 17}
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Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most-successful tours of all time. In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black" with André 3000 o...
One of Beyonce's most successful tours yet was which one?
{'text': 'The Mrs. Carter Show', 'answer_start': 20}
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In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films.
What division of NBCUniversal revived Gramercy Pictures?
{'text': 'Focus Features', 'answer_start': 229}
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Application of electric motors revolutionized industry. Industrial processes were no longer limited by power transmission using line shafts, belts, compressed air or hydraulic pressure. Instead every machine could be equipped with its own electric motor, providing easy control at the point of use, and improving power t...
In what domain did electric motors not reduce reliance on humans and animals?
{'text': 'agriculture', 'answer_start': 371}
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In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in Franc...
In what year were the last Reichstag elections held in Strasbourg?
{'text': '1919', 'answer_start': 3}
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Many ground crew at the airport work at the aircraft. A tow tractor pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges, The ground power unit is plugged in. It keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal. The engines are not working, therefore they do not generate the electricity, as they do in f...
What do engines generate when planes are standing at the terminal?
{'text': 'the electricity', 'answer_start': 288}
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The retail trade in Cork city includes a mix of both modern, state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops. Department stores cater for all budgets, with expensive boutiques for one end of the market and high street stores also available. Shopping centres can be found in many of Cork's suburbs, includi...
When will work on the Grand Parade begin?
{'text': '2016', 'answer_start': 807}
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The use of the term Middle East as a region of international affairs apparently began in British and American diplomatic circles quite independently of each other over concern for the security of the same country: Iran, then known to the west as Persia. In 1900 Thomas Edward Gordon published an article, The Problem of ...
What article did Thomas Edward Gordon publish?
{'text': 'The Problem of the Middle East', 'answer_start': 305}
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Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup...
What is the fourth similar environmental uniform?
{'text': 'CAF', 'answer_start': 485}
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In 1974, Feynman delivered the Caltech commencement address on the topic of cargo cult science, which has the semblance of science, but is only pseudoscience due to a lack of "a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty" on the part of the scientist. He ...
What is the science Feynman understood best considered?
{'text': 'pseudoscience', 'answer_start': 144}
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At the invitation of the United States government, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004. It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past. In Sept...
What type of values did the OSCE determine were adhered to during the election process?
{'text': 'long-standing democratic tradition', 'answer_start': 614}
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By the January 2004 Iowa caucuses, the field had dwindled down to nine candidates, as Bob Graham had dropped out of the race. Howard Dean was a strong front-runner. However, the Iowa caucuses yielded unexpectedly strong results for Democratic candidates John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwar...
Which candidate slipped into third place, following the Iowa caucuses?
{'text': 'Dean', 'answer_start': 365}
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In 1840, St Helena became a provisioning station for the British West Africa Squadron, preventing slavery to Brazil (mainly), and many thousands of slaves were freed on the island. These were all African, and about 500 stayed while the rest were sent on to the West Indies and Cape Town, and eventually to Sierra Leone.
What squadron was Saint Helena a provisioning station for?
{'text': 'British West Africa Squadron', 'answer_start': 57}
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The capacitance of certain capacitors decreases as the component ages. In ceramic capacitors, this is caused by degradation of the dielectric. The type of dielectric, ambient operating and storage temperatures are the most significant aging factors, while the operating voltage has a smaller effect. The aging process ma...
What is one of the least important aging factors in capacitors?
{'text': 'The type of dielectric', 'answer_start': 143}
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Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls an...
How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915?
{'text': '1,500 inpatients', 'answer_start': 241}
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Downstream operations, which now also includes the chemicals business, generates a third of Shell's profits worldwide and is known for its global network of more than 40,000 petrol stations and its 47 oil refineries. The downstream business, which in some countries also included oil refining, generally included a retai...
When did Shell switch to treating businesses as local, independent companies?
{'text': 'the 1990s', 'answer_start': 695}
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The major settlements in the ceremonial county are concentrated on the Fylde coast (the Blackpool Urban Area), and a belt of towns running west-east along the M65: Preston, Blackburn, Accrington, Burnley, Nelson and Colne. South of Preston are the towns of Leyland and Chorley; the three formed part of the Central Lanca...
Which part of the county is rural and sparsely populated?
{'text': 'north', 'answer_start': 359}
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Stephen Hawking in particular has addressed a connection between time and the Big Bang. In A Brief History of Time and elsewhere, Hawking says that even if time did not begin with the Big Bang and there were another time frame before the Big Bang, no information from events then would be accessible to us, and nothing t...
What does Hawking suggest started with the big bang?
{'text': 'time', 'answer_start': 428}
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The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico. On November 8, 2012, Washington, D.C. newspaper The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances be...
Who published an article saying that Puerto Rico will likely ignore the results of the referendum?
{'text': 'The Hill', 'answer_start': 193}
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Ripple current is the AC component of an applied source (often a switched-mode power supply) whose frequency may be constant or varying. Ripple current causes heat to be generated within the capacitor due to the dielectric losses caused by the changing field strength together with the current flow across the slightly r...
What name is given to the AC component of an applied source having either constant or alternating frequency?
{'text': 'Ripple current', 'answer_start': 0}
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Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "When I was at university..." (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: "When I was in college..."). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and the German-speaking cou...
In what century was it believed that France used the word varsity to refer to a university?
{'text': '19th', 'answer_start': 558}
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In 1877, the Protestant James Cameron from the China Inland Mission walked from Chongqing to Batang in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, and "brought the Gospel to the Tibetan people." Beginning in the 20th century, in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, a large number of Lisu people an...
When did Protestant James Cameron bring the Gospel to the Tibetan people?
{'text': '1877', 'answer_start': 3}
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The Downtown District is the home of the Third Street Promenade, a major outdoor pedestrian-only shopping district that stretches for three blocks between Wilshire Blvd. and Broadway (not the same Broadway in downtown and south Los Angeles). Third Street is closed to vehicles for those three blocks to allow people to s...
In what year was Third Street closed to vehicles?
{'text': '2010', 'answer_start': 582}
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In the English language, the capitalized form of God continues to represent a distinction between monotheistic "God" and "gods" in polytheism. The English word God and its counterparts in other languages are normally used for any and all conceptions and, in spite of significant differences between religions, the term r...
No matter which religion, what is usually used as the name for the Supreme Being?
{'text': 'God', 'answer_start': 160}
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Treaties sometimes include provisions for self-termination, meaning that the treaty is automatically terminated if certain defined conditions are met. Some treaties are intended by the parties to be only temporarily binding and are set to expire on a given date. Other treaties may self-terminate if the treaty is meant ...
Some treaties contains provisions for what to happen if certain defined conditions are met?
{'text': 'self-termination', 'answer_start': 42}
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Cork is home to the RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet, and to many musical acts, including John Spillane, The Frank And Walters, Sultans of Ping, Simple Kid, Microdisney, Fred, Mick Flannery and the late Rory Gallagher. Singer songwriter Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan of The High Llamas also hail from Cork. The opera singers Cara...
Which major opera singers were born in Cork?
{'text': "Cara O'Sullivan, Mary Hegarty, Brendan Collins, and Sam McElroy", 'answer_start': 316}
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The Spanish language has been present in what is now the United States since the 16th and 17th centuries, with the arrival of Spanish colonization in North America that would later become the states of Florida, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California. The Spanish explorers explored areas of 4...
Florida, Texas, and Colorado were part of which colonization?
{'text': 'Spanish colonization', 'answer_start': 126}
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The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global ...
Around 12,000 BC, Great Britain was still a peninsula on what continent?
{'text': 'European continent.', 'answer_start': 1009}
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In the audition rounds, 121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions. These were cut to 30 for the semifinal, with ten going on to the finals. One semifinalist, Delano Cagnolatti, was disqualified for lying to evade the show's age limit. One of the early favorites, Tamyra Gray, was elimin...
Who was the first known homosexual contestant on American Idol?
{'text': 'Jim Verraros', 'answer_start': 589}
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The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Mol...
The structure also reinforced Moltke's ability control large formations spread out over what?
{'text': 'significant distances', 'answer_start': 378}