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In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the S...
When was Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi born?
{'text': '19th-century', 'answer_start': 176}
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Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed...
Who was the first female to achieve the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards?
{'text': 'Beyoncé', 'answer_start': 0}
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In 1982, the band released the album Hot Space, a departure from their trademark seventies sound, this time being a mixture of rock, pop rock, dance, funk, and R&B. Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band's history, and Taylor and May lamented the new sound, with both being...
What album did Queen release in 1982?
{'text': 'Hot Space', 'answer_start': 37}
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Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate...
How many members are in the Supreme court?
{'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 70}
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Several years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the war against Mithridate...
In what year was a Roman army dispatched to terminate the King of Pontus?
{'text': '88 BC', 'answer_start': 24}
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Glacial moraines are formed by the deposition of material from a glacier and are exposed after the glacier has retreated. They usually appear as linear mounds of till, a non-sorted mixture of rock, gravel and boulders within a matrix of a fine powdery material. Terminal or end moraines are formed at the foot or termina...
What mraines are formed when two ice sheets meet?
{'text': 'Medial moraines', 'answer_start': 397}
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Antarctica continued to become more isolated and finally developed a permanent ice cap. Mountain building in western North America continued, and the Alps started to rise in Europe as the African plate continued to push north into the Eurasian plate, isolating the remnants of Tethys Sea. A brief marine incursion marks ...
What plate was pushing south creating the Alps?
{'text': 'African plate', 'answer_start': 188}
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The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is AIDS, an immunodeficiency characterized by the suppression of CD4+ ("helper") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
What is the most famous immune system disease?
{'text': 'AIDS', 'answer_start': 69}
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According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons. The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons. The total n...
What was the port of Piraeus declared to be in 2011?
{'text': 'fastest-growing port in the world', 'answer_start': 666}
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Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphi...
What is the 3rd oldest paper in the nation?
{'text': 'Philadelphia Inquirer', 'answer_start': 50}
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The team placed fifth in the Premier League automatically qualifies for the UEFA Europa League, and the sixth and seventh-placed teams can also qualify, depending on the winners of the two domestic cup competitions i.e. the FA Cup and the Capital One Cup (League Cup). Two Europa League places are reserved for the winne...
What places are reserved for the winners of the Fair Play Initiative and the FA Cup?
{'text': 'Two Europa League places', 'answer_start': 269}
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Through most of Shell's early history, the Shell Oil Company business in the United States was substantially independent with its stock being traded on the NYSE and with little direct involvement from the group's central offices in the running of the American business. However, in 1984, Royal Dutch Shell made a bid to ...
Shell Oil Company historically had little direct involvement from what entity in the running of its American businesses?
{'text': "the group's central offices", 'answer_start': 201}
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Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launc...
Apollo 11 mission was to land where on the Moon?
{'text': 'Sea of Tranquility', 'answer_start': 62}
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The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-...
The settlement was relocated west to what river?
{'text': 'Ashley River', 'answer_start': 533}
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At times when a death sentence is affirmed on direct review, it is considered final. Yet, supplemental methods to attack the judgment, though less familiar than a typical appeal, do remain. These supplemental remedies are considered collateral review, that is, an avenue for upsetting judgments that have become otherwis...
In 2010, how many death sentences were overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals?
{'text': '53', 'answer_start': 1398}
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Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم‎, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architectu...
On what island is Palermo located?
{'text': 'Sicily', 'answer_start': 480}
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In 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing.
When was an upgrade of the game released for testing?
{'text': '2011', 'answer_start': 3}
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The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number of diale...
What does the Cork accent have a lower-pitch than?
{'text': 'other Irish accents', 'answer_start': 255}
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Aposematism, where organisms are brightly colored as a warning to predators, is the antithesis of camouflage. Some organisms pose a threat to their predators—for example they may be poisonous, or able to harm them physically. Aposematic coloring involves bright, easily recognizable and unique colors and patterns. For e...
How does a predator see a species using camflage as?
{'text': 'something to avoid', 'answer_start': 544}
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The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shr...
Which rules were influential to the codes of association football?
{'text': 'Cambridge Rules', 'answer_start': 4}
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The majority of insects hatch from eggs. The fertilization and development takes place inside the egg, enclosed by a shell (chorion) that consists of maternal tissue. In contrast to eggs of other arthropods, most insect eggs are drought resistant. This is because inside the chorion two additional membranes develop from...
Broods is another term for what word?
{'text': 'generations', 'answer_start': 1249}
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Despite being an original story, Spectre draws on Ian Fleming's source material, most notably in the character of Franz Oberhauser, played by Christoph Waltz. Oberhauser shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser, a background character in the short story "Octopussy" from the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection, ...
Who were the writers of Spectre?
{'text': 'Neal Purvis and Robert Wade', 'answer_start': 627}
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It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America. The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritani...
Where did the Great Awakenings increase interest in Evangelicalism?
{'text': 'Britain and North America', 'answer_start': 116}
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The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Iri...
What name is seen by some as having Atlantic overtones?
{'text': 'Brytish Iles', 'answer_start': 37}
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Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass ...
Rhythm guitar in hard rock usually plays what?
{'text': 'repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity', 'answer_start': 167}
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On February 6, 2016, one day before her performance at the Super Bowl, Beyoncé released a new single exclusively on music streaming service Tidal called "Formation".
What was the name of the streaming service?
{'text': 'Tidal', 'answer_start': 140}
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The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2). For example, the ISS, Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries. In the dark part of its orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nick...
In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery?
{'text': '2009', 'answer_start': 378}
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One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disapp...
What was passed in 1941?
{'text': 'the endangered species act', 'answer_start': 547}
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The Heian period was preceded by the Nara period and began in 794 A.D after the movement of the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (present day Kyōto京都), by the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu. Kanmu first tried to move the capital to Nagaoka-kyō, but a series of disasters befell the city, prompting the emperor to relocate the ...
When did the Nara period begin?
{'text': '794 A.D', 'answer_start': 62}
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On 16 March 2011, the freighter MS Oliva ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy fuel oil into the ocean, leaving an oil slick threatening the island's population of rockhopper penguins. Nightingale Island has no fresh water, so the penguins were transported to Tristan da Cunha for cleaning.
what animal was threatened with the fuel oil spill?
{'text': 'rockhopper penguins', 'answer_start': 184}
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According to statistics collected by the Association of Religion Data Archives from 2010, about 34% of Alaska residents were members of religious congregations. 100,960 people identified as Evangelical Protestants, 50,866 as Roman Catholic, and 32,550 as mainline Protestants. Roughly 4% are Mormon, 0.5% are Jewish, 1% ...
Which religion is most prevalent in Alaska?
{'text': 'Evangelical Protestants', 'answer_start': 190}
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In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po...
What was Whitehead's last position before he traveled to Africa?
{'text': "chairman of the Senate's Academic", 'answer_start': 407}
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At the official counting of the electoral votes on January 6, a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes. Because the motion was supported by at least one member of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, election law mandated that each house retire to debate and vote on the motion. In the House of R...
When was Boxer elected to office?
{'text': 'January 6', 'answer_start': 51}
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The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of bats, all of which are also found in the eastern United States: Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus and Perimyotis subflavus. Other commonly known fauna of Bermuda include its national bird, the Bermuda petrel or ...
What is the national bird of Bermuda?
{'text': 'Bermuda petrel or cahow', 'answer_start': 302}
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Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also been accepted as a business device. Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Royal and Western I...
What is the name of a company that uses iPods as part of its training?
{'text': 'Royal and Western Infirmaries', 'answer_start': 301}
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Catalina Highway stretches 25 miles (40 km) and the entire mountain range is one of Tucson's most popular vacation spots for cycling, hiking, rock climbing, camping, birding, and wintertime snowboarding and skiing. Near the top of Mt. Lemmon is the town of Summerhaven. In Summerhaven, visitors will find log houses and ...
What is in Ski Valley?
{'text': 'a ski lift, several runs, a giftshop, and nearby restaurant', 'answer_start': 454}
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The history of phonology may be traced back to the Ashtadhyayi, the Sanskrit grammar composed by Pāṇini in the 4th century BC. In particular the Shiva Sutras, an auxiliary text to the Ashtadhyayi, introduces what can be considered a list of the phonemes of the Sanskrit language, with a notational system for them that i...
What other text was related to morphology?
{'text': 'the Shiva Sutras', 'answer_start': 141}
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Magadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: "Great Countries") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to include most of Bihar and B...
Of what was Magadha one of sixteen?
{'text': 'Mahā-Janapadas', 'answer_start': 50}
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In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline. The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, t...
What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?
{'text': 'hippopotamus', 'answer_start': 251}
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Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments, and the greatest contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace. The composer Felix Mendelssohn is known to have played there on three occasions. Johann Strauss II and his orchestra played there when in England. Straus...
Queen Victoria hosted which type of balls?
{'text': 'lavish costume balls', 'answer_start': 493}
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Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received. However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Eurostat,...
What other European country were claims similar to those levied against Greece made?
{'text': 'Italy', 'answer_start': 526}
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The 1961 eruption of Queen Mary's Peak forced the evacuation of the entire population via Cape Town to England. The following year a Royal Society expedition went to the islands to assess the damage, and reported that the settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas had been only marginally affected. Most families returne...
What returned to the island by 1961?
{'text': 'Most families', 'answer_start': 299}
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In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal...
What color is most rare in copper salts?
{'text': 'blue or green', 'answer_start': 343}
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The Defence Committee—Third Report "Defence Equipment 2009" cites an article from the Financial Times website stating that the Chief of Defence Materiel, General Sir Kevin O’Donoghue, had instructed staff within Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) through an internal memorandum to reprioritize the approvals process to...
Which department is overseen by the Chief of Defence Materiel?
{'text': 'Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S)', 'answer_start': 212}
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Strasbourg is situated on the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the River Rhine, which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town Kehl. The historic core of Strasbourg however lies on the Grande Île in the River Ill, which here flows parall...
Strasbourg is situated on what border of France and Germany?
{'text': 'eastern', 'answer_start': 30}
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The very large and ornate School Hall and School Library (by L K. Hall) were erected in 1906-8 across the road from Upper School as the school's memorial to the Etonians who had died in the Boer War. Many tablets in the cloisters and chapel commemorate the large number of dead Etonians of the Great War. A bomb destroye...
Who was hired to replace windows in the Chapel from 1949-1952?
{'text': 'Evie Hone', 'answer_start': 442}
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Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty so...
The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland includes approximately how many recordings of Chopin's work from Youtube?
{'text': '1,500', 'answer_start': 415}
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The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption. In addition, governments have enacted large fiscal stimulus packages, b...
What type decline does lower wages and higher unemployment lead to?
{'text': 'self-reinforcing decline', 'answer_start': 201}
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Tucson's largest park, Reid Park, is located in midtown and includes Reid Park Zoo and Hi Corbett Field. Speedway Boulevard, a major east-west arterial road in central Tucson, was named the "ugliest street in America" by Life magazine in the early 1970s, quoting Tucson Mayor James Corbett. Despite this, Speedway Boulev...
What zoo is in Reid Park?
{'text': 'Reid Park Zoo', 'answer_start': 69}
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Recessed lighting (often called "pot lights" in Canada, "can lights" or 'high hats" in the US) is popular, with fixtures mounted into the ceiling structure so as to appear flush with it. These downlights can use narrow beam spotlights, or wider-angle floodlights, both of which are bulbs having their own reflectors. The...
What type of lighting can be mounted in the ceiling to appear flush?
{'text': 'Recessed lighting', 'answer_start': 0}
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On February 11, 2004, Comcast announced a $54 billion bid for The Walt Disney Company, as well as taking on $12 billion of Disney's debt. The deal would have made Comcast the largest media conglomerate in the world. However, after rejection by Disney and uncertain response from investors, the bid was abandoned in April...
How much did Comcast bid for ESPN?
{'text': '$54 billion', 'answer_start': 42}
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On the shores of the strait, in 1701, the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, along with fifty-one French people and French Canadians, founded a settlement called Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, naming it after Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. France offered free lan...
What was Detroit's population in 1765?
{'text': '800', 'answer_start': 405}
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Coulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics (1947). Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art (1985) and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics (1993) were early attempts in English to formalize the study of comics. David Carrier's The Aesthetics of Comics (2000) was the first...
Who put together a history of American comics in 1974?
{'text': 'Coulton Waugh', 'answer_start': 0}
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Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the s...
What did French do that caused a later deal to be made with the Italians?
{'text': 'plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean', 'answer_start': 309}
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Secretary of War Elihu Root (1899–1904) led the modernization of the Army. His goal of a uniformed chief of staff as general manager and a European-type general staff for planning was stymied by General Nelson A. Miles but did succeed in enlarging West Point and establishing the U.S. Army War College as well as the Gen...
What then-UK protectorate did Root write a government charter for?
{'text': 'Philippines', 'answer_start': 711}
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A new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 and 1779. This book of engraved des...
What architects traveled Italy and Dalmatia in the mid-seventeenth century?
{'text': 'Robert and James Adam', 'answer_start': 54}
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In May 2014, prior to the launch of YouTube's subscription-based Music Key service, the independent music trade organization Worldwide Independent Network alleged that YouTube was using non-negotiable contracts with independent labels that were "undervalued" in comparison to other streaming services, and that YouTube w...
Why did youtube want to ensure only contractees music was played?
{'text': 'to launch the enhanced music experience', 'answer_start': 932}
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The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these l...
Where are Romance, Gallurese and Sassarese also spoken?
{'text': 'Sardinia', 'answer_start': 299}
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Based on earlier research work by Loyd Ancile Jones (1884–1954) of Kodak and inspired by the systems of Weston film speed ratings and General Electric film values, the American Standards Association (now named ANSI) defined a new method to determine and specify film speeds of black-and-white negative films in 1943. ASA...
What types of film did the ANSI measure?
{'text': 'black-and-white negative films', 'answer_start': 277}
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After Kerry's 1972 defeat, he and his wife bought a house in Belvidere, Lowell, entering a decade which his brother Cameron later called "the years in exile". He spent some time working as a fundraiser for the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), an international humanitarian organization. In Septem...
When did Kerry enter law school?
{'text': 'September 1973', 'answer_start': 314}
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The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. More than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in...
What is sold in the amount of 53 billion gallons per year?
{'text': 'beer', 'answer_start': 887}
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In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 20 white and Hispanic firefighters against the city. The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department. After the tests were scored, no blacks scored high enough to qualify for considera...
In what year did the city of New Haven deny all firefighters promotions citing the poor performance of black firefighters on performance tests ?
{'text': '2003', 'answer_start': 183}
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By 6000 BCE predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent settlements in predynastic Egypt by the middle of the 6th millennium BCE centered predominantly on cereal and animal agriculture: cattle, goats, pigs and she...
In which direction were the dead facing when they were buried?
{'text': 'due west', 'answer_start': 925}
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In Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite status. In the 4th ...
In what year did Jerome die?
{'text': '420', 'answer_start': 340}
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Schwarzenegger served in the Austrian Army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males. During his army service, he won the Junior Mr. Europe contest. He went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and spent a week in military prison: "P...
Which competition did Schwarzenegger go AWOL to participate in?
{'text': 'Junior Mr. Europe', 'answer_start': 178}
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For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indi...
When was Warren Hastings impeached?
{'text': '1786', 'answer_start': 140}
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These immigrants were largely responsible for the first general strike in North America in 1835, in which workers in the city won the ten-hour workday. The city was a destination for thousands of Irish immigrants fleeing the Great Famine in the 1840s; housing for them was developed south of South Street, and was later ...
Why did so many Irish immigrants come to Philadelphia?
{'text': 'the Great Famine', 'answer_start': 221}
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The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa. The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in t...
Who was born in Harrapa?
{'text': 'Guru Nanak', 'answer_start': 486}
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On March 13, 1969, on the Bái Háp River, Kerry was in charge of one of five Swift boats that were returning to their base after performing an Operation Sealords mission to transport South Vietnamese troops from the garrison at Cái Nước and MIKE Force advisors for a raid on a Vietcong camp located on the Rach Dong Cung ...
On what body part was Kerry wounded on Mar 13, 1969?
{'text': 'in the buttocks', 'answer_start': 386}
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The MoD states that its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace and stability. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the MoD does not foresee any short-term conventional military thre...
What are the threats that the MoD has identified?
{'text': 'weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states', 'answer_start': 350}
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Interstate 40 crosses the state in a west-east orientation. Its branch interstate highways include I-240 in Memphis; I-440 in Nashville; I-140 from Knoxville to Alcoa and I-640 in Knoxville. I-26, although technically an east-west interstate, runs from the North Carolina border below Johnson City to its terminus at Kin...
Which interstate highway running north-south passes through Memphis?
{'text': 'Interstate 55', 'answer_start': 593}
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The Alps are a source of minerals that have been mined for thousands of years. In the 8th to 6th centuries BC during the Hallstatt culture, Celtic tribes mined copper; later the Romans mined gold for coins in the Bad Gastein area. Erzberg in Styria furnishes high-quality iron ore for the steel industry. Crystals are fo...
The cinnabar deposits are found in what area?
{'text': 'Slovenia', 'answer_start': 426}
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Notably, the most broadly influential innovation of 20th-century American tort law was the rule of strict liability for defective products, which originated with judicial glosses on the law of warranty. In 1963, Roger J. Traynor of the Supreme Court of California threw away legal fictions based on warranties and impose...
What section of the Product Liability Directive discusses warranties?
{'text': '402A', 'answer_start': 557}
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The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes di...
Besides the use of agriculture, what other factor clouds the issue of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture?
{'text': 'cultural diffusion', 'answer_start': 471}
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In recent years, the nightclubs on West 27th Street have succumbed to stiff competition from Manhattan's Meatpacking District about fifteen blocks south, and other venues in downtown Manhattan.
What direction is Manhattan's Meatpacking District from West 27th Street?
{'text': 'south', 'answer_start': 147}
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Initially, officials were unable to contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve, home to around 280 giant pandas. However, the Foreign Ministry later said that a group of 31 British tourists visiting the Wolong Panda Reserve in the quake-hit area returned safe and uninjured to Chengdu. Nonetheless, the well-being of an ...
How many pandas escaped the reserve?
{'text': 'Six', 'answer_start': 470}
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The area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of the Shang civilization during the second millennium BC. Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue. The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles and records writte...
Who does Shiji reject that its leaders were descended from?
{'text': 'Yu the Great', 'answer_start': 509}
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Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to ...
In addition to Italians, what people were kicked out of Libya in 1970?
{'text': 'Jews', 'answer_start': 185}
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China also began suffering from mounting overpopulation during this period. Population growth was stagnant for the first half of the 17th century due to civil wars and epidemics, but prosperity and internal stability gradually reversed this trend. The introduction of new crops from the Americas such as the potato and p...
How many people lived in China at the end of the 20th century?
{'text': '300 million', 'answer_start': 459}
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Though almost any variety of acoustic mandolin might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes to the Italian-style bowl-back mandolins or the carved-top mandolins with f-holes favoured by bluegrass mandolinists. The former are often too so...
What was the Irish style mandolin reminiscent of?
{'text': 'WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin', 'answer_start': 770}
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WPXD channel 31, an affiliate of the ION Television network, is licensed to the city. WHTV channel 18, a MyNetworkTV-affiliated station for the Lansing market, broadcasts from a transmitter in Lyndon Township, west of Ann Arbor. Community Television Network (CTN) is a city-provided cable television channel with product...
What is the abbreviation of CTN?
{'text': 'Community Television Network', 'answer_start': 229}
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Although sizable Orthodox Jewish communities are located throughout the United States, many American Orthodox Jews live in New York State, particularly in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York City and Rockland County. In New York City, th...
Which NY borough have very small Jewish communities?
{'text': 'Brooklyn', 'answer_start': 421}
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In the first half of the 20th century, advances in electronics enabled investigation of the electrical properties of nerve cells, culminating in work by Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley, and others on the biophysics of the action potential, and the work of Bernard Katz and others on the electrochemistry of the synapse. Thes...
Work in the first half the 20th century in electrical properties of nerve cells were by what two main scientists?
{'text': 'Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley', 'answer_start': 153}
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As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ...
What caused Eisenhower's stroke of 1957?
{'text': 'left ventricular aneurysm', 'answer_start': 61}
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Tuvalu participates in the work of Secretariat of the Pacific Community, or SPC (sometimes Pacific Community) and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. Tuvalu has maintained a mission at the United Nations in New York City since 2000. Tuvalu is a member of the Wor...
In what group is Tuvalu involved?
{'text': 'Secretariat of the Pacific Community', 'answer_start': 35}
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Special units, such as KGr 100, became the Beleuchtergruppe (Firelighter Group), which used incendiaries and high explosive to mark the target area. The tactic was expanded into Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) with the creation of Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields) to mark targets. These were marked out by parachute fl...
What was the nickname of bombs used in streets and residential areas?
{'text': '"Satan"', 'answer_start': 444}
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Several Islamic kingdoms (sultanates) under both foreign and, newly converted, Rajput rulers were established across the north western subcontinent (Afghanistan and Pakistan) over a period of a few centuries. From the 10th century, Sindh was ruled by the Rajput Soomra dynasty, and later, in the mid-13th century by the ...
In what areas of India were Islamic kingdoms formed over a period of centuries?
{'text': 'Afghanistan and Pakistan', 'answer_start': 149}
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Wylie asserts that this type of censorship of the History of Ming distorts the true picture of the history of Sino-Tibetan relations, while the Ming court granted titles to various lamas regardless of their sectarian affiliations in an ongoing civil war in Tibet between competing Buddhist factions. Wylie argues that Mi...
Regardless of their sectarian affiliations, who did the Ming grant titles to?
{'text': 'various lamas', 'answer_start': 173}
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At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of...
What kind of influence was Melbourne to Victoria?
{'text': 'powerful', 'answer_start': 117}
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Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many ...
Why is Colorado always an after thought in American-Spanish speaking society?
{'text': 'Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence', 'answer_start': 0}
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As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musici...
How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract?
{'text': 'up to 30,000', 'answer_start': 886}
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For air dielectric capacitors the breakdown field strength is of the order 2 to 5 MV/m; for mica the breakdown is 100 to 300 MV/m; for oil, 15 to 25 MV/m; it can be much less when other materials are used for the dielectric. The dielectric is used in very thin layers and so absolute breakdown voltage of capacitors is l...
Of what order is the breakdown field strength for mica dielectric capacitors?
{'text': '100 to 300 MV/m', 'answer_start': 114}
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The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120)...
Who wrote Parallel Lives?
{'text': 'Plutarch', 'answer_start': 297}
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In signal processing, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lo...
What reduces bits by identifying and eliminating source coding?
{'text': 'Lossless compression', 'answer_start': 203}
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By 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops—the country follows t...
What was the only country that avoided invasion from the Third Reich?
{'text': 'Switzerland', 'answer_start': 196}
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The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands s...
What republics did the Dutch Republic come before?
{'text': 'Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands', 'answer_start': 376}
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The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic...
What philosophers placed revelation above reason?
{'text': 'Mutazilite philosophers', 'answer_start': 414}
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Early recommendations for the quantity of water required for maintenance of good health suggested that 6–8 glasses of water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration. However the notion that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced to a credible scientific source. The original wat...
What does ADI stand for?
{'text': 'adequate daily intakes', 'answer_start': 972}
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In Terry v. Ohio (1968) the court divided seizure into two parts, the investigatory stop and arrest. The court further held that during an investigatory stop a police officer's search " [is] confined to what [is] minimally necessary to determine whether [a suspect] is armed, and the intrusion, which [is] made for the s...
What is an investigatory start's search limited to?
{'text': 'what [is] minimally necessary to determine whether [a suspect] is armed', 'answer_start': 203}
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The central Sahara is estimated to include five hundred species of plants, which is extremely low considering the huge extent of the area. Plants such as acacia trees, palms, succulents, spiny shrubs, and grasses have adapted to the arid conditions, by growing lower to avoid water loss by strong winds, by storing water...
What aspect of the plants' leaves allows them to lose water?
{'text': 'small thick leaves or needles', 'answer_start': 496}