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75,897 | 75,555 | 5a3c09b8cc5d22001a521d5c | generic | The Fujiwara rulers failed to maintain adequate police forces, which left robbers free to prey on travelers. This is implicitly illustrated in novels by the terror that night travel inspired in the main characters. The shōen system enabled the accumulation of wealth by an aristocratic elite; the economic surplus can be... | Who always maintained adequate police forces? | {'text': 'The Fujiwara', 'answer_start': 0} |
50,861 | 50,519 | 5725c41889a1e219009abe2e | generic | Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish ancestry the right to Israeli citizenship. Over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Around 4% of... | What percent are Jewish intermarriage rates at? | {'text': '35%', 'answer_start': 1071} |
98,393 | 98,051 | 572a8309111d821400f38b89 | generic | Miami is home to one of the largest ports in the United States, the PortMiami. It is the largest cruise ship port in the world. The port is often called the "Cruise Capital of the World" and the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas". It has retained its status as the number one cruise/passenger port in the world for well ove... | What North American port sees the largest amount of imported and exported cargo? | {'text': 'Port of South Louisiana', 'answer_start': 613} |
23,398 | 23,056 | 56f7188d711bf01900a44953 | generic | A multilateral treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each s... | What type of treaty is a mutual guarantee? | {'text': 'international compacts', 'answer_start': 245} |
81,061 | 80,719 | 5728c8eb2ca10214002da7bf | generic | Other, prominent Motor City R&B stars in the 1950s and early 1960s was Nolan Strong, Andre Williams and Nathaniel Mayer – who all scored local and national hits on the Fortune Records label. According to Smokey Robinson, Strong was a primary influence on his voice as a teenager. The Fortune label was a family-operated ... | What label operated in Third Avenue? | {'text': 'Fortune', 'answer_start': 284} |
108,737 | 108,395 | 572fb05804bcaa1900d76bf5 | generic | One of Hyderabad's earliest newspapers, The Deccan Times, was established in the 1780s. In modern times, the major Telugu dailies published in Hyderabad are Eenadu, Andhra Jyothy, Sakshi and Namaste Telangana, while the major English papers are The Times of India, The Hindu and The Deccan Chronicle. The major Urdu pape... | On what date did the first public radio station in Hyderabad begin broadcasting? | {'text': 'starting on 3 February 1935', 'answer_start': 655} |
52,326 | 51,984 | 572669c3f1498d1400e8dee5 | generic | As a foreign language, Dutch is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools in areas adjacent to the Netherlands and Flanders. In French-speaking Belgium, over 300,000 pupils are enrolled in Dutch courses, followed by over 23,000 in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, and about 7,000 in the... | How many primary school students are learning Dutch in Nord-Pas-de-Calais? | {'text': '4,550', 'answer_start': 367} |
50,069 | 49,727 | 572531fd0a492a1900435714 | generic | At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy. Victoria believed the rumours. She hated Con... | With whom did Lady Flora consipire against Queen Victoria? | {'text': 'Conroy and the Duchess of Kent', 'answer_start': 395} |
56,985 | 56,643 | 572743e2f1498d1400e8f56d | generic | The city is colloquially known as Chilangolandia after the locals' nickname chilangos. Chilango is used pejoratively by people living outside Mexico City to "connote a loud, arrogant, ill-mannered, loutish person". For their part those living in Mexico City designate insultingly those who live elsewhere as living in la... | What nickname are residents of Mexico given that more reflects the Spanish influence of the city? | {'text': 'defeños', 'answer_start': 458} |
112,755 | 112,413 | 57321ec20fdd8d15006c67c4 | generic | The U.S. Navy, by contrast, relied on commerce raiding from the outset. However, the problem of Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines, during the early part of 1942, led to diversion of boats to "guerrilla submarine" missions. As well, basing in Australia placed boats under Japanese aerial threat while en route t... | What led to guerrilla submarine missions in early 1942? | {'text': 'Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines', 'answer_start': 96} |
88,652 | 88,310 | 572859253acd2414000df935 | generic | Even non-theist views about gods vary. Some non-theists avoid the concept of God, whilst accepting that it is significant to many; other non-theists understand God as a symbol of human values and aspirations. The nineteenth-century English atheist Charles Bradlaugh declared that he refused to say "There is no God", bec... | What do some non-theists view God as? | {'text': 'a symbol of human values and aspirations', 'answer_start': 167} |
83,869 | 83,527 | 57285ebc3acd2414000df967 | generic | The Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west, it reached beyond moder... | Who formed the Maurya Empire in Magadha? | {'text': 'Chandragupta Maurya', 'answer_start': 418} |
45,004 | 44,662 | 5ad36651604f3c001a3fe064 | generic | Dell's manufacturing process covers assembly, software installation, functional testing (including "burn-in"), and quality control. Throughout most of the company's history, Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house. The company's approach ... | Where did Dell scrap their notebooks? | {'text': 'in-house', 'answer_start': 209} |
112,360 | 112,018 | 57301bf5b2c2fd1400568885 | generic | In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey... | In which year would Julius Caesar hope to be elected to the position of consul? | {'text': '59 BC', 'answer_start': 526} |
27,424 | 27,082 | 56fa29d8f34c681400b0bfe6 | generic | No satisfactory explanation can as yet be given for the exact mechanisms determining the formation of earlywood and latewood. Several factors may be involved. In conifers, at least, rate of growth alone does not determine the proportion of the two portions of the ring, for in some cases the wood of slow growth is very ... | What counterpart of earlywood are scientists still trying to explain the formation of? | {'text': 'latewood', 'answer_start': 116} |
6,368 | 6,026 | 56d374c959d6e41400146447 | generic | Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters fo... | Which contestant did the band Fuel ask to be their new lead singer? | {'text': 'Chris Daughtry', 'answer_start': 0} |
49,153 | 48,811 | 5ace5ac532bba1001ae4a399 | generic | The first British patent for the use of asphalt/bitumen was 'Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen' in 1834. Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walte... | On what day did Claridge's patent #5309 patent the use of Seyssel asphalt? | {'text': '25 November 1837', 'answer_start': 116} |
122,720 | 122,378 | 5731bde8b9d445190005e4f8 | generic | The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga... | What was the intent of the 14th Amendment? | {'text': 'secure rights for former slaves', 'answer_start': 128} |
63,483 | 63,141 | 57268b59f1498d1400e8e347 | generic | After the Romans left, Britain was invaded by Anglo-Saxon peoples. By AD 600 they had established control over much of what is now England, but Somerset was still in native British hands. The British held back Saxon advance into the south-west for some time longer, but by the early eighth century King Ine of Wessex had... | It took how long for the Anglo Saxons to control the Somerset area | {'text': 'by the early eighth century King Ine of Wessex had pushed the boundaries of the West Saxon kingdom far enough west to include Somerset', 'answer_start': 270} |
61,681 | 61,339 | 572cb2d3750c471900ed4cd7 | generic | As federal judge Alex Kozinski has pointed out, binding precedent as we know it today simply did not exist at the time the Constitution was framed. Judicial decisions were not consistently, accurately, and faithfully reported on both sides of the Atlantic (reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions w... | Why were decisions not reported or recoded correctly? | {'text': 'reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked', 'answer_start': 257} |
22,431 | 22,089 | 56f7529fa6d7ea1400e171ae | generic | Shawn Vancour argues that the commercialization of classical music in the early 20th century served to harm the music industry through inadequate representation. | What harmed the music industry in the 20th century according to Shawn Vancour? | {'text': 'the commercialization of classical music', 'answer_start': 26} |
74,663 | 74,321 | 5a6fe5818abb0b001a676026 | generic | It was not until 9 June 1982, with the Circulaire sur la langue et la culture régionales en Alsace (Memorandum on regional language and culture in Alsace) issued by the Vice-Chancellor of the Académie Pierre Deyon, that the teaching of German in primary schools in Alsace really began to be given more official status. T... | What was implemented with strict expectations? | {'text': 'The Ministerial Memorandum', 'answer_start': 319} |
74,441 | 74,099 | 5727e83f3acd2414000def80 | generic | Near New Haven there is the static inverter plant of the HVDC Cross Sound Cable. There are three PureCell Model 400 fuel cells placed in the city of New Haven—one at the New Haven Public Schools and newly constructed Roberto Clemente School, one at the mixed-use 360 State Street building, and one at City Hall. Accordin... | How many PureCell Model 400 fuel cells can be found in New Haven? | {'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 91} |
35,488 | 35,146 | 5acd75aa07355d001abf434b | generic | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, a... | What will the 2 Queen Victoria class ships be named? | {'text': 'HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales', 'answer_start': 178} |
48,787 | 48,445 | 5acf9b6977cf76001a685472 | generic | Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari... | Who convinced the others that a new Caliph should not be elected? | {'text': 'Amr ibn al-As', 'answer_start': 439} |
96,347 | 96,005 | 5acd5efc07355d001abf3f52 | generic | This principle is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy, called entropy. Entropy is a measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system. When an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom (i.e., given new available energy states that are t... | What is the principle that is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity unrelated to energy? | {'text': 'second law of thermodynamics', 'answer_start': 502} |
95,317 | 94,975 | 572a0b606aef051400155200 | generic | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Prior to the 19th century, why was it irrelevant whether a person spoke Croatian or Serbian? | {'text': 'two languages were not distinguished by most speakers', 'answer_start': 327} |
111,925 | 111,583 | 5733f3234776f4190066158a | generic | The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons. The next contract, negotiated to start from the 1997–98 season, rose to £670 million over four seasons. The third contract was a £1.024 billion deal with BSkyB for the three seasons from 2001–02 to 2003–04. The league brought in £320 mi... | How much was the first television rights contract awarded to Sky worth? | {'text': '£304 million', 'answer_start': 52} |
74,319 | 73,977 | 5727ca06ff5b5019007d9554 | generic | After the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776, the Connecticut colonial government ordered the construction of Black Rock Fort (to be built on top of an older 17th-century fort) to protect the port of New Haven. In 1779, during the Battle of New Haven, British soldiers captured Black Rock Fort and burned the b... | What structure was ordered to be built in New Haven in 1776 to protect the port at the outset of the Revolutionary War? | {'text': 'Black Rock Fort', 'answer_start': 120} |
114,126 | 113,784 | 57302bc5b2c2fd14005689d3 | generic | At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the nor... | During the Roman Empire occupation in the British Isles, what was the name of the people that lived in Ireland? | {'text': 'Hiberni', 'answer_start': 419} |
38,559 | 38,217 | 5a611fcfe9e1cc001a33cf64 | generic | On the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies.... | What are gymnasts prohibited from using with uneven bars? | {'text': 'a springboard, or a small mat. Chalk and', 'answer_start': 719} |
52,269 | 51,927 | 5726525ff1498d1400e8dbfc | generic | A process of standardisation started in the Middle Ages, especially under the influence of the Burgundian Ducal Court in Dijon (Brussels after 1477). The dialects of Flanders and Brabant were the most influential around this time. The process of standardisation became much stronger at the start of the 16th century, mai... | What was the first Dutch Bible translation called? | {'text': 'Statenvertaling', 'answer_start': 663} |
125,816 | 125,474 | 5733797b4776f41900660b6f | generic | The World Bank reported in February 2009 that the Arab World was far less severely affected by the credit crunch. With generally good balance of payments positions coming into the crisis or with alternative sources of financing for their large current account deficits, such as remittances, Foreign Direct Investment (FD... | What is the single most important determinant of economic performance? | {'text': 'oil prices', 'answer_start': 802} |
39,499 | 39,157 | 570cce8afed7b91900d45a24 | generic | Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their po... | What is Mary proclaimed to be in the Orthodox tradition? | {'text': '"Lady of the Angels"', 'answer_start': 651} |
43,408 | 43,066 | 5ad0a5a5645df0001a2cff80 | generic | Eritrea (/ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/;, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in East Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The n... | What is the total area of Ethiopia? | {'text': '117,600 km2', 'answer_start': 360} |
75,304 | 74,962 | 57278e045951b619008f8d6b | generic | From the 1950s on, the students were also used for unpaid work at schools, where they cleaned and performed repairs. This practice has continued in the Russian Federation, where up to 21 days of the summer holidays is sometimes set aside for school works. By law, this is only allowed as part of specialized occupational... | When were students used as workers? | {'text': '1950s', 'answer_start': 9} |
46,167 | 45,825 | 5ad2a316d7d075001a429d33 | generic | At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial "NES". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York... | What was the name of the convention where Nintendo unveiled its American version of the Pamicom? | {'text': 'Consumer Electronics Show', 'answer_start': 15} |
69,298 | 68,956 | 5726b597f1498d1400e8e850 | generic | The value judgement definition of literature considers it to exclusively include writing that possesses high quality or distinction, forming part of the so-called belles-lettres ('fine writing') tradition. This is the definition used in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–11) when it classifies literatur... | Encyclopedia Britannica defined literature in its 1911 editions how? | {'text': '"the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing."', 'answer_start': 325} |
32,981 | 32,639 | 5709a2e5200fba1400368204 | generic | While hardware may be a source of insecurity, such as with microchip vulnerabilities maliciously introduced during the manufacturing process, hardware-based or assisted computer security also offers an alternative to software-only computer security. Using devices and methods such as dongles, trusted platform modules, i... | What is required in order for hardware to be compromised? | {'text': 'physical access (or sophisticated backdoor access)', 'answer_start': 443} |
49,930 | 49,588 | 5724fb430ba9f01400d97bfd | generic | Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got ... | When did Victoria turn 18? | {'text': '24 May 1837', 'answer_start': 22} |
30,087 | 29,745 | 57061bc675f01819005e7999 | generic | MP3 was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as part of its MPEG-1 standard and later extended in the MPEG-2 standard. The first subgroup for audio was formed by several teams of engineers at Fraunhofer IIS, University of Hannover, AT&T-Bell Labs, Thomson-Brandt, CCETT, and others. MPEG-1 Audio (MPEG-1 P... | What was the first standard that this group had? | {'text': 'MPEG-1', 'answer_start': 75} |
52,648 | 52,306 | 5725e87538643c19005ace5f | generic | At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. ... | The Principle Corridor features which type of doors? | {'text': 'mirrored doors', 'answer_start': 508} |
128,691 | 128,349 | 57341fc9d058e614000b6975 | generic | While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled... | What was Helena originally founded as? | {'text': 'a mining camp', 'answer_start': 688} |
51,195 | 50,853 | 5725da9f89a1e219009abfc0 | generic | The Celts who settled in Galatia came through Thrace under the leadership of Leotarios and Leonnorios circa 270 BC. They were defeated by Seleucus I in the 'battle of the Elephants', but were still able to establish a Celtic territory in central Anatolia. The Galatians were well respected as warriors and were widely us... | What famous statue signified the victory of the Greeks over a worthy enemy? | {'text': 'Dying Gaul', 'answer_start': 742} |
64,288 | 63,946 | 57269fea708984140094cc1c | generic | As economic and demographic methods were applied to the study of history, the trend was increasingly to see the late Middle Ages as a period of recession and crisis. Belgian historian Henri Pirenne continued the subdivision of Early, High, and Late Middle Ages in the years around World War I. Yet it was his Dutch colle... | Which author popularized a pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages in his 1919 book? | {'text': 'Johan Huizinga', 'answer_start': 326} |
41,688 | 41,346 | 59d291ec2763a600182840cf | generic | GE (General Electric) Energy's renewable energy business has expanded greatly, to keep up with growing U.S. and global demand for clean energy. Since entering the renewable energy industry in 2002, GE has invested more than $850 million in renewable energy commercialization. In August 2008 it acquired Kelman Ltd, a Nor... | In what year was Kelman Ltd. formed? | {'text': '2002', 'answer_start': 192} |
21,804 | 21,462 | 5ad3f94e604f3c001a3ffab3 | generic | Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings... | Where was Richard II buried? | {'text': 'Leicester Cathedral', 'answer_start': 542} |
6,154 | 5,812 | 56daf04ae7c41114004b4b49 | generic | The show had originally planned on having four judges following the Pop Idol format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing "ima... | During Season two, which judge quit after a few days? | {'text': 'Angie Martinez', 'answer_start': 383} |
26,143 | 25,801 | 56f8f4539e9bad19000a0774 | generic | From the death of the Near East new nations were able to rise from the ashes, notably the Republic of Turkey. Paradoxically it now aligned itself with the west rather than with the east. Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other change... | What notable nation was able to rise from the ashes of the Near East? | {'text': 'the Republic of Turkey', 'answer_start': 86} |
106,661 | 106,319 | 572eba5fdfa6aa1500f8d32b | generic | The Great Plains lie west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains. A large portion of the country's agricultural products are grown in the Great Plains. Before their general conversion to farmland, the Great Plains were noted for their extensive grasslands, from tallgrass prairie in the eastern plains ... | What area is located in between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains? | {'text': 'The Great Plains', 'answer_start': 0} |
62,046 | 61,704 | 5728e6092ca10214002daa5d | generic | The government has also relaxed reporting laws, but these remain highly restrictive. In September 2011, several banned websites, including YouTube, Democratic Voice of Burma and Voice of America, were unblocked. A 2011 report by the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations found that, while contact with the Myanmar go... | Why are groups hesitant to work with government officials ? | {'text': 'ethical quandary of how to work with the government without bolstering or appeasing it.', 'answer_start': 588} |
126,446 | 126,104 | 5732840c06a3a419008acab6 | generic | Eliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human principles – a secular... | What type of idea did he pose which was focused on facets of humanism? | {'text': 'atheistic', 'answer_start': 265} |
83,309 | 82,967 | 5acd644f07355d001abf406a | generic | In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in Franc... | In what year was U.S. President Woodrow Wilson first elected? | {'text': '1919', 'answer_start': 3} |
29,009 | 28,667 | 57070f769e06ca38007e935e | generic | The concept of race in Brazil is complex. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial... | What country has a complex way of acknowledging race? | {'text': 'Brazil', 'answer_start': 23} |
30,015 | 29,673 | 570632d275f01819005e7a74 | generic | Immunological research continues to become more specialized, pursuing non-classical models of immunity and functions of cells, organs and systems not previously associated with the immune system (Yemeserach 2010). | In the field of immunology, what aspect is becoming more specialized? | {'text': 'research', 'answer_start': 14} |
26,589 | 26,247 | 56f992449e9bad19000a0af2 | generic | Zhejiang is the home of Yueju (越劇), one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera. Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles. Other important opera traditions include Yongju (of Ningbo), Shaoju (of Shaoxing), Ouju (of Wenzhou), Wuju (of Jinhua), Tai... | Where did Yueju originate? | {'text': 'Shengzhou', 'answer_start': 106} |
123,153 | 122,811 | 5731f0f0b9d445190005e6cc | generic | Methodism identifies principally with the theology of John Wesley—an Anglican priest and evangelist. This evangelical movement originated as a revival within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate Church following Wesley's death. Because of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout ... | How many Methodists are there in the world today? | {'text': 'approximately 80 million', 'answer_start': 386} |
126,740 | 126,398 | 5a4eb97daf0d07001ae8cbfb | generic | In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia... | What connected Europe and Greenland? | {'text': 'a land bridge', 'answer_start': 357} |
102,471 | 102,129 | 572eaf3fcb0c0d14000f1478 | generic | Cyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and third most populo... | Which country is north of Cyprus? | {'text': 'Turkey', 'answer_start': 417} |
60,112 | 59,770 | 5726c98cdd62a815002e9041 | generic | A true predator can commonly be known as one that kills and eats another living thing. Whereas other types of predator all harm their prey in some way, this form kills them. Predators may hunt actively for prey in pursuit predation, or sit and wait for prey to approach within striking distance, as in ambush predators. ... | What do box jellyfish use to hunt their pray? | {'text': 'venom', 'answer_start': 818} |
85,708 | 85,366 | 572805f84b864d1900164261 | generic | He was a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics, in the development of functional analysis, a principal member of the Manhattan Project and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (as one of the few originally appointed), and a key figure in the development of game theory and the conce... | Of his published works, what topics were they covering? | {'text': '60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics', 'answer_start': 435} |
29,759 | 29,417 | 5706070375f01819005e78a7 | generic | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | How many other towns share a border with Atlantic City? | {'text': 'Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City', 'answer_start': 172} |
123,274 | 122,932 | 57325b510fdd8d15006c6a1a | generic | Also, other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants. For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants). Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among t... | When did Britain end slavery? | {'text': '1834', 'answer_start': 142} |
82,503 | 82,161 | 5727ec8b2ca10214002d99cb | generic | Standing at 117 metres (384 feet) in height and 360 metres (1,180 feet) in width, the Potala Palace is the most important example of Tibetan architecture. Formerly the residence of the Dalai Lama, it contains over one thousand rooms within thirteen stories, and houses portraits of the past Dalai Lamas and statues of th... | How many stories does the Potala Palace contain? | {'text': 'thirteen', 'answer_start': 240} |
54,615 | 54,273 | 5ad016b077cf76001a68696f | generic | Legislatures have reduced infringement by narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing. Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitations and exceptions, nations have enacted compulsory licensing laws applying specifically to digital works and uses. For example, in t... | What else doesn't this law provide to service providers? | {'text': 'safe harbor', 'answer_start': 573} |
100,737 | 100,395 | 572c99202babe914003c299c | generic | Tennessee politics, like that of most U.S. states, are dominated by the Republican and the Democratic parties. Historian Dewey W. Grantham traces divisions in the state to the period of the American Civil War: for decades afterward, the eastern third of the state was Republican and the western two thirds voted Democrat... | Which are the two main parties in Tennessee politics? | {'text': 'Republican and the Democratic', 'answer_start': 72} |
49,268 | 48,926 | 5ace5fe232bba1001ae4a46f | generic | Canada has the world's largest deposit of natural bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands and Canadian First Nations along the Athabasca River had long used it to waterproof their canoes. In 1719, a Cree Indian named Wa-Pa-Su brought a sample for trade to Henry Kelsey of the Hudson’s Bay Company, who was the first recorded ... | Which country has North America's largest deposit of naturally occurring bitumen? | {'text': 'Canada', 'answer_start': 0} |
121,332 | 120,990 | 57316587e6313a140071cede | generic | The greatest mosaic work of the Palaeologan renaissance in art is the decoration of the Chora Church in Constantinople. Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels, the decoration of the exonarthex and the esonarthex constitute the most important full-scale mosaic cycle in Constantinople afte... | The panels from naos show what influence on Byzantine art. | {'text': 'Italian trecento', 'answer_start': 942} |
5,109 | 4,767 | 56d45f882ccc5a1400d830f0 | generic | Kanye West began his early production career in the mid-1990s, making beats primarily for burgeoning local artists, eventually developing a style that involved speeding up vocal samples from classic soul records. His first official production credits came at the age of nineteen when he produced eight tracks on Down to ... | For which artist did Kanye West act as a ghost producer? | {'text': 'Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie', 'answer_start': 427} |
121,787 | 121,445 | 5731a0a1b9d445190005e412 | generic | By the end of the early modern period, the structure and orientation of higher education had changed in ways that are eminently recognizable for the modern context. Aristotle was no longer a force providing the epistemological and methodological focus for universities and a more mechanistic orientation was emerging. Th... | What type of focus did universities have at the end of the early modern period? | {'text': 'mechanistic', 'answer_start': 280} |
74,744 | 74,402 | 5727617f708984140094dcbf | generic | In the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: "Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a pagan." Confessio... | What type of books from around 800 contain more information of people's traditions during this period? | {'text': 'Confession', 'answer_start': 311} |
65,455 | 65,113 | 5acfcf7277cf76001a686131 | generic | This technique of representing simultaneity, multiple viewpoints (or relative motion) is pushed to a high degree of complexity in Gleizes' monumental Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing), exhibited at the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or, Le Fauconnier’s Abundance shown at the Indépendants of 1911, and Delaunay's... | Who did not make a response in early cubism? | {'text': 'Umberto Boccioni, Gino Severini and Carlo Carrà', 'answer_start': 828} |
104,101 | 103,759 | 5acd89fe07355d001abf466f | generic | Modern electrification systems take AC energy from a power grid which is delivered to a locomotive and converted to a DC voltage to be used by traction motors. These motors may either be DC motors which directly use the DC or they may be 3-phase AC motors which require further conversion of the DC to 3-phase AC (using ... | Power conversion for an AC system takes place mainly in a what? | {'text': 'railway substation', 'answer_start': 912} |
8,712 | 8,370 | 5acfb53777cf76001a6859bd | generic | The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the British Empire saw the British model of cabinet government, headed by a prime minister, widely copied, both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self-government. In some places alternative titles ... | What empire expanded in the 1900's? | {'text': 'British Empire', 'answer_start': 79} |
34,531 | 34,189 | 5a105674decec90018475632 | generic | The Berggarten is an important European botanical garden.[citation needed] Some points of interest are the Tropical House, the Cactus House, the Canary House and the Orchid House, which hosts one of the world's biggest collection of orchids, and free-flying birds and butterflies. Near the entrance to the Berggarten is ... | What is the name of the first aquarium in Germany? | {'text': 'Sea Life Centre Hanover,', 'answer_start': 552} |
51,027 | 50,685 | 5725b63f271a42140099d067 | generic | Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or ev... | When was the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom? | {'text': '31 BC', 'answer_start': 308} |
79,083 | 78,741 | 572785035951b619008f8c29 | generic | Eton has a long list of distinguished former pupils. David Cameron is the 19th British prime minister to have attended the school, and has recommended that Eton set up a school in the state sector to help drive up standards. Eton now co-sponsors a state sixth-form college in Newham, a deprived area of East London, call... | How does London Academy of Excellence vary in cost from Eton College? | {'text': 'free of charge', 'answer_start': 382} |
28,541 | 28,199 | 56fdc48f19033b140034cd53 | generic | Mechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital compute... | What were analog computers originally used for? | {'text': 'astronomical calculations', 'answer_start': 111} |
11,536 | 11,194 | 5a834fb0e60761001a2eb561 | generic | In 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One, with around 2 episodes shown every evening at 17:00, with occasional morning showings on CBBC. The BBC stopped airing the famous cartoon duo in 2000. | How many episodes were shown in the mornings? | {'text': '2 episodes', 'answer_start': 67} |
125,133 | 124,791 | 57327f92b3a91d1900202dcc | generic | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | After the 1954 election, who was the Speaker of the House? | {'text': 'Sam Rayburn', 'answer_start': 195} |
47,837 | 47,495 | 571dfc31b64a571400c71e43 | generic | European colonists created treaties with Indigenous American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves. For example, in 1726, the British governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined them. This same promise was extracted from the Huron Nation in 1764, and... | How did natives and Africans come to know each other? | {'text': 'through the institution of slavery', 'answer_start': 644} |
68,760 | 68,418 | 5726b702f1498d1400e8e8a6 | generic | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | How long did it take for Sevastopol to fall? | {'text': 'eleven months', 'answer_start': 22} |
526 | 184 | 56d4bf242ccc5a1400d831c0 | generic | On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé married Jay Z. She publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album, I Am... Sasha Fierce, in Manhattan's Sony Club on October 22, 2008. I Am... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008 in the United States. The album formally introduc... | Who is Beyoncé's alter ego? | {'text': 'Sasha Fierce', 'answer_start': 156} |
122,413 | 122,071 | 5731a7c9e99e3014001e61ae | generic | Observing that face-to-face communication of the type that online videos convey has been "fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution", TED curator Chris Anderson referred to several YouTube contributors and asserted that "what Gutenberg did for writing, online video can now do for face-to-face communication". Anderso... | Who is the TED curator? | {'text': 'Chris Anderson', 'answer_start': 149} |
15,251 | 14,909 | 5acf7fe177cf76001a684fdd | generic | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevert... | What did comics not have in the United States because of cultural roots? | {'text': 'lowbrow reputation', 'answer_start': 27} |
52,098 | 51,756 | 5a860c4bb4e223001a8e7402 | generic | In free-range husbandry, the birds can roam freely outdoors for at least part of the day. Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours. A more intensive system is yarding, in which the birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at ... | How are eggs destroyed in the battery cage system? | {'text': 'The eggs are laid on the floor of the cage and roll into troughs outside for ease of collection', 'answer_start': 699} |
53,625 | 53,283 | 57260f4389a1e219009ac1ac | generic | Although dissertations on clothing and its function appear from the 19th century as colonising countries dealt with new environments, concerted scientific research into psycho-social, physiological and other functions of clothing (e.g. protective, cartage) occurred in the first half of the 20th century, with publicatio... | What have remained unchanged while the knowledge has grown? | {'text': 'the main concepts', 'answer_start': 738} |
44,859 | 44,517 | 571019efa58dae1900cd6887 | generic | The exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established. To date, a lot of research has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics, hormonal action, development dynamics, social and cultural influences—which has led many to think that biology and environment factors... | What has the research that has been conducted for the influence of genetics made many people think? | {'text': 'that biology and environment factors play a complex role in forming it', 'answer_start': 284} |
5,655 | 5,313 | 56d1cf79e7d4791d0090220a | generic | The above are further subdivided into 31 planes of existence.[web 4] Rebirths in some of the higher heavens, known as the Śuddhāvāsa Worlds or Pure Abodes, can be attained only by skilled Buddhist practitioners known as anāgāmis (non-returners). Rebirths in the Ārūpyadhātu (formless realms) can be attained by only thos... | What is the highest object of meditation? | {'text': 'arūpajhānas', 'answer_start': 346} |
107,188 | 106,846 | 5a7b7f7621c2de001afea09f | generic | FETs are further divided into depletion-mode and enhancement-mode types, depending on whether the channel is turned on or off with zero gate-to-source voltage. For enhancement mode, the channel is off at zero bias, and a gate potential can "enhance" the conduction. For the depletion mode, the channel is on at zero bias... | What type of FET usually has a higher voltage? | {'text': 'depletion-mode', 'answer_start': 582} |
38,827 | 38,485 | 570c7a9afed7b91900d459e7 | generic | There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Barcelona and Real Madrid is known as El Clásico. From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain: Catal... | What areas of Spain do the teams of Barcelona and Real Madrid represent? | {'text': 'Catalonia and Castile', 'answer_start': 315} |
82,879 | 82,537 | 5ad2c6c1d7d075001a42a1be | generic | Northwestern is privately owned and is governed by an appointed Board of Trustees. The board, composed of 70 members and as of 2011[update] chaired by William A. Osborn '69, delegates its power to an elected president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university. Northwestern has had sixteen presidents in ... | Who doesn't the Board of Trustees delegate it's power to? | {'text': 'elected president', 'answer_start': 200} |
61,788 | 61,446 | 572cbceadfb02c14005c6c15 | generic | Criminal law involves the prosecution by the state of wrongful acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace (and cannot be deterred or remedied by mere lawsuits between private parties). Generally, crimes can result in incarceration, but torts (see below) cannot. The majori... | What can result in incarceration? | {'text': 'crimes', 'answer_start': 244} |
39,110 | 38,768 | 570c2c52ec8fbc190045bd21 | generic | In December 1994, after being tipped off by his former FBI handler about a pending indictment under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Bulger fled Boston and went into hiding. For 16 years, he remained at large. For 12 of those years, Bulger was prominently listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitiv... | What act was the indictment under? | {'text': 'Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act', 'answer_start': 104} |
30,707 | 30,365 | 5706b81c0eeca41400aa0d99 | generic | In England, one of the few licensed venues The Eclipse attracted people from up and down the country as it was open until the early hours. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was a government attempt to ban large rave dance events featuring music with "repetitive beats". There were a number of abortive "Kill... | when did the bill become a law? | {'text': 'November 1994', 'answer_start': 486} |
85,553 | 85,211 | 572818b93acd2414000df475 | generic | Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the mildest winter for any Canadian city outside of... | What is the foggiest Canadian city? | {'text': "St. John's", 'answer_start': 26} |
112,301 | 111,959 | 573005e3a23a5019007fcc63 | generic | After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-electio... | What was considered a pathway to holding a higher office? | {'text': 'the tribunate', 'answer_start': 914} |
82,970 | 82,628 | 5727fd7e2ca10214002d9ac9 | generic | The undergraduates have a number of traditions: Painting The Rock (originally a fountain donated by the Class of 1902) is a way to advertise, for example, campus organizations, events in Greek life, student groups, and university-wide events. Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, has raised more than 13 millio... | What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every quarter? | {'text': 'scream', 'answer_start': 516} |
74,318 | 73,976 | 572b9576be1ee31400cb8458 | generic | Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century... | Yale University also contains a historical site within it campus, the name of it? | {'text': 'Hillhouse Avenue', 'answer_start': 801} |
8,711 | 8,369 | 5acfb53777cf76001a6859bc | generic | The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the British Empire saw the British model of cabinet government, headed by a prime minister, widely copied, both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self-government. In some places alternative titles ... | What istitutions were prestiges in the 1900's | {'text': 'British', 'answer_start': 16} |
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