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40,998 | 40,656 | 570d9efadf2f5219002ed06a | generic | The ammunition and shells fired by these weapons are usually fitted with different types of fuses (barometric, time-delay, or proximity) to explode close to the airborne target, releasing a shower of fast metal fragments. For shorter-range work, a lighter weapon with a higher rate of fire is required, to increase a hit... | What are two types of fuses used for shells? | {'text': 'barometric, time-delay, or proximity', 'answer_start': 99} |
78,187 | 77,845 | 5a73994042eae6001a38992e | generic | The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coal... | Why did the government led by Willian Ewart Gladstone collapse? | {'text': 'amidst dire election results', 'answer_start': 223} |
23,510 | 23,168 | 56f754cea6d7ea1400e171c5 | generic | The Islamic Prophet Muhammad carried out a siege against the Banu Qaynuqa tribe known as the Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa in February 624 Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which led ... | Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking what treaty? | {'text': 'the Constitution of Medina', 'answer_start': 241} |
20,662 | 20,320 | 56e7ab2337bdd419002c42fa | generic | Express highways such as Hu–Ning, Ning–He, Ning–Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, and other important cities quickly and conveniently. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are 230 km (140 mi) of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38 kilometres per hundred square kilometrs (5.44 mi/1... | What type of highways let commuters get to cities fast? | {'text': 'Express highways', 'answer_start': 0} |
97,241 | 96,899 | 5a7d28a670df9f001a874fed | generic | There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death Pit demonstrates "... | What did Neollithic people have? | {'text': 'a "peaceful, unfortified lifestyle', 'answer_start': 536} |
2,983 | 2,641 | 56cf469eaab44d1400b88efe | generic | In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing. In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first director t... | Which Bond film is Daniel Craig listed as a co-producer? | {'text': 'Spectre', 'answer_start': 277} |
95,402 | 95,060 | 572a2c791d04691400779813 | generic | Until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global. Since then, it has restricted itself to Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network r... | What foreign programming is shown on the CBC after 1998? | {'text': 'a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats', 'answer_start': 246} |
82,050 | 81,708 | 5727c25f2ca10214002d9592 | generic | Despite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as "an exceedingly elusive notion". Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or "thin" definition, and a substantive or "thick" definition; o... | What is another word for a thin definition? | {'text': 'formalist', 'answer_start': 246} |
78,945 | 78,603 | 5ad25ec8d7d075001a428f38 | generic | The Dominican Order was affected by a number of elemental influences. Its early members imbued the order with a mysticism and learning. The Europeans of the order embraced ecstatic mysticism on a grand scale and looked to a union with the Creator. The English Dominicans looked for this complete unity as well, but were ... | What was not affected by a number of elemental influences? | {'text': 'The Dominican Order', 'answer_start': 0} |
57,132 | 56,790 | 57268d2df1498d1400e8e388 | generic | Before the formation of the Third Coalition, Napoleon had assembled an invasion force, the Armée d'Angleterre, around six camps at Boulogne in Northern France. He intended to use this invasion force to strike at England. They never invaded, but Napoleon's troops received careful and invaluable training for future milit... | What was the name of the invasion force Napoleon assembled before the creation of the Third Coalition? | {'text': "the Armée d'Angleterre", 'answer_start': 87} |
96,443 | 96,101 | 5a3bf619cc5d22001a521c5d | generic | The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians decre... | What language did most of the Jews speak? | {'text': 'High Prussian', 'answer_start': 217} |
35,435 | 35,093 | 570aae5d4103511400d59921 | generic | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by ... | What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be successful? | {'text': 'some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity', 'answer_start': 390} |
121,826 | 121,484 | 5731a51fe17f3d14004222a0 | generic | Examining the influence of humanism on scholars in medicine, mathematics, astronomy and physics may suggest that humanism and universities were a strong impetus for the scientific revolution. Although the connection between humanism and the scientific discovery may very well have begun within the confines of the univer... | Which historian argues that traditionalism in a university system hindered attempts to form new views on knowledge and nature? | {'text': 'Richard S. Westfall', 'answer_start': 479} |
52,375 | 52,033 | 5726783af1498d1400e8e0c9 | generic | Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ... | Does the development of /ft/ to /xt/ occur more in Low German or Dutch? | {'text': 'Dutch', 'answer_start': 421} |
74,910 | 74,568 | 5727983ddd62a815002ea16d | generic | In Mexico, Carnival is celebrated in about 225 cities and towns. The largest is in Mazatlán and the city of Veracruz with others in Baja California and Yucatán. The larger city Carnivals employ costumes, elected queens and parades with floats, but Carnival celebrations in smaller and rural areas vary widely depending o... | What is the mock combat roughly based on? | {'text': 'the Battle of Puebla', 'answer_start': 528} |
89,613 | 89,271 | 5728c01f4b864d1900164d51 | generic | In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of ... | What government institution did Estonia continue to show desire in joining? | {'text': 'the Nordic Council', 'answer_start': 114} |
87,312 | 86,970 | 5a4fe541af0d07001ae8cc73 | generic | Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4... | What is thought to be the cause of modulating inflammation? | {'text': 'many different genes', 'answer_start': 49} |
66,150 | 65,808 | 5726b08c5951b619008f7a87 | generic | Sixty-two percent of islanders are Christians. After the death of the first chaplain Rev G. H. Nobbs in 1884, a Methodist church was formed and in 1891 a Seventh-day Adventist congregation led by one of Nobbs' sons. Some unhappiness with G. H. Nobbs, the more organised and formal ritual of the Church of England service... | Christians make up what percentage of the population of Norfolk Island? | {'text': 'Sixty-two percent', 'answer_start': 0} |
118,249 | 117,907 | 5acfea3877cf76001a68646e | generic | Namibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels. Grades 1–7 are primary level, grades 8–12 secondary. In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools. The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8% of the GDP bein... | How much of Namibia's GDP is spent on defense? | {'text': '8%', 'answer_start': 302} |
17,850 | 17,508 | 56e160d2cd28a01900c6783c | generic | Boston has teams in the four major North American professional sports leagues plus Major League Soccer, and has won 36 championships in these leagues, As of 2014[update]. It is one of six cities (along with Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York and Philadelphia) to have won championships in all four major sports. It ... | How many championships has Boston won in these leagues? | {'text': '36 championships', 'answer_start': 116} |
37,265 | 36,923 | 570b5fef6b8089140040f8e3 | generic | Groups that emerged from the American psychedelic scene about the same time included Iron Butterfly, MC5, Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge. San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a crude and distorted cover of Eddie Cochran's classic "Summertime Blues", from their 1968 debut album Vincebus Eruptum, that outlined much of th... | What movie featured that Steppenwolf single? | {'text': 'Easy Rider', 'answer_start': 576} |
19,426 | 19,084 | 56e79ed037bdd419002c4269 | generic | As with zoneinfo, a user of Microsoft Windows configures DST by specifying the name of a location, and the operating system then consults a table of rule sets that must be updated when DST rules change. Procedures for specifying the name and updating the table vary with release. Updates are not issued for older version... | If your computer runs Vista, what's the maximum number of start and end rules you can have for each time zone setting? | {'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 375} |
25,510 | 25,168 | 56f8e1cd9b226e1400dd117b | generic | Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portugue... | What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony? | {'text': 'Macau', 'answer_start': 290} |
51,571 | 51,229 | 5725c87b89a1e219009abe9c | generic | The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases. However, a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocati... | What are some consequences of the investments | {'text': 'Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa', 'answer_start': 546} |
54,237 | 53,895 | 5726e07a5951b619008f8109 | generic | In early February, the South Korean 11th Division ran the operation to destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea. During the operation, the division and police conducted the Geochang massacre and Sancheong-Hamyang massacre. In mid-February, the PVA counterattacked with the Fourth Phase Off... | How many PVA soldiers fought in this battle and lost? | {'text': 'more than 25,000', 'answer_start': 919} |
36,062 | 35,720 | 5a2f4c6fa83784001a7d26e7 | generic | The Late Cretaceous spans from 100 million to 65 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period. Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather. Dinosaurs still thrived as ne... | Which dinosaurs help pollute the atmosphere? | {'text': 'Ankylosaurus', 'answer_start': 353} |
6,737 | 6,395 | 56db43dae7c41114004b4fe2 | generic | The loss of viewers continued into season seven. The premiere was down 11% among total viewers, and the results show in which Kristy Lee Cook was eliminated delivered its lowest-rated Wednesday show among the 18–34 demo since the first season in 2002. However, the ratings rebounded for the season seven finale with the ... | What happened in 2007-2008 that had a drop in viewers for all networks? | {'text': 'Writers Guild of America strike', 'answer_start': 818} |
99,804 | 99,462 | 5a7c6d9ee8bc7e001a9e1de9 | generic | Plato's theory of forms or "ideas" describes ideal forms (for example the platonic solids in geometry or abstracts like Goodness and Justice), as universals existing independently of any particular instance. Arne Grøn calls this doctrine "the classic example of a metaphysical idealism as a transcendent idealism", while... | Modern idealism believes in what two kinds of dualism? | {'text': 'metaphysical and epistemological', 'answer_start': 649} |
94,934 | 94,592 | 5acfcba277cf76001a68605e | generic | Other sources include fortified food and dietary supplements, which come in various forms. A 1998 review concluded that zinc oxide, one of the most common supplements in the United States, and zinc carbonate are nearly insoluble and poorly absorbed in the body. This review cited studies which found low plasma zinc conc... | What is the only common supplement in the US? | {'text': 'zinc oxide', 'answer_start': 120} |
41,786 | 41,444 | 5acec95832bba1001ae4b402 | generic | The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959,... | What type of military warfare did Russian forces use? | {'text': '"traditional" battlefield', 'answer_start': 518} |
83,441 | 83,099 | 5acd719107355d001abf4271 | generic | As one of the earliest centers of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula—documents printed before 1500—in her library as one of her most precious heritages. After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be re... | In what year had the previous library been built? | {'text': '1870', 'answer_start': 276} |
73,543 | 73,201 | 57276ad1dd62a815002e9c8b | generic | In 2006, Jian Li, a Chinese undergraduate at Yale University, filed a civil rights complaint with the Office for Civil Rights against Princeton University, claiming that his race played a role in their decision to reject his application for admission and seeking the suspension of federal financial assistance to the uni... | Which university was Li alleging racial discrimination against? | {'text': 'Princeton University', 'answer_start': 134} |
80,559 | 80,217 | 5a690bc48476ee001a58aa3a | generic | Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was th... | In what year was China disbanded? | {'text': '1991', 'answer_start': 462} |
11,122 | 10,780 | 56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77d | generic | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states cho... | On what date was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report released? | {'text': 'November 27, 2007', 'answer_start': 80} |
69,768 | 69,426 | 5ace4f4032bba1001ae4a24b | generic | Ibn Sina subsequently settled at Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey. Constant feuds which ... | Who's death made Ibn Sani a vizier? | {'text': 'the emir', 'answer_start': 1240} |
24,070 | 23,728 | 56f959019e9bad19000a085e | generic | A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian is... | When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end? | {'text': '1905', 'answer_start': 92} |
8,820 | 8,478 | 56de15cd4396321400ee25be | generic | The Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan, offer a diploma spanning three years in different branches. Students are admitted to the diploma program based on their results in the 10th grade standardized exams. The main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes is to train people in various trades. | What are people being trained for, mainly, in Pakistan's polytechnic institutes? | {'text': 'trades', 'answer_start': 279} |
37,198 | 36,856 | 570b59d76b8089140040f8b4 | generic | After the Civil War, population expansion, railroad construction, and the disappearance of the buffalo herds heightened military tensions on the Great Plains. Several tribes, especially the Sioux and Comanche, fiercely resisted confinement to reservations. The main role of the Army was to keep indigenous peoples on res... | What US officer led the troops who were destroyed at Little Big Horn? | {'text': 'Col. George Armstrong Custer', 'answer_start': 538} |
44,813 | 44,471 | 57100d1da58dae1900cd681d | generic | Perceived sexual orientation may affect how a person is treated. For instance, in the United States, the FBI reported that 15.6% of hate crimes reported to police in 2004 were "because of a sexual-orientation bias". Under the UK Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, as explained by Advisory, Concil... | Under this law what does this state that is required by employers? | {'text': 'workers or job applicants must not be treated less favourably because of their sexual orientation', 'answer_start': 353} |
82,310 | 81,968 | 5acfe53f77cf76001a6863a6 | generic | The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms, and Tibetan power spread rapidly, creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was... | Who was the Princess of Nepal the second wife of? | {'text': 'Songtsän Gampo', 'answer_start': 55} |
94,457 | 94,115 | 5a749a4a42eae6001a389a14 | generic | In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations... | What color shows that Mona Lisa is a noble? | {'text': 'green', 'answer_start': 614} |
19,541 | 19,199 | 5a78872bb73996001af5a7c8 | generic | The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any... | When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the last RIBA Board was established? | {'text': '1904', 'answer_start': 242} |
56,276 | 55,934 | 57267254f1498d1400e8dff6 | generic | Intergender singles bouts were first fought on a national level in the 1990s. This began with Luna Vachon, who faced men in ECW and WWF. Later, Chyna became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the Intercontinental Championship. While it is a rare feat in WWE, in TNA, ODB partici... | When were intergender singles bouts fought on a national scale? | {'text': '1990s', 'answer_start': 71} |
87,833 | 87,491 | 57282116ff5b5019007d9da7 | generic | In 1947, the King and his family toured Southern Africa. The Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Smuts, was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit. George was appalled, however, when instructed by the South African government to shake hands only with whites, and referred to... | What were the King's South African bodyguards referred as? | {'text': 'the Gestapo', 'answer_start': 354} |
12,182 | 11,840 | 56df7f755ca0a614008f9b62 | generic | On the northern outskirts of the city, Crownhill Fort is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly". It is owned by the Landmark Trust and is open to the public. | In what cardinal direction is Crownhill Fort located outside the city? | {'text': 'north', 'answer_start': 7} |
106,896 | 106,554 | 572f6665a23a5019007fc5d8 | generic | Replicated CDs are mass-produced initially using a hydraulic press. Small granules of heated raw polycarbonate plastic are fed into the press. A screw forces the liquefied plastic into the mold cavity. The mold closes with a metal stamper in contact with the disc surface. The plastic is allowed to cool and harden. Once... | What type of material is used to make CDs? | {'text': 'raw polycarbonate plastic', 'answer_start': 93} |
70,342 | 70,000 | 572935a41d0469140077917a | generic | The island experienced large-scale immigration over the 20th century, especially after the Second World War. Bermuda has a diverse population including both those with relatively deep roots in Bermuda extending back for centuries, and newer communities whose ancestry results from recent immigration, especially from Bri... | Which cultural group can claim 79% residency? | {'text': 'Portuguese', 'answer_start': 980} |
29,711 | 29,369 | 5706c6190eeca41400aa0e22 | generic | A related phenomenon called "abmigration" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another. | What kind of bird is most likely to abmigrate? | {'text': 'waterfowl', 'answer_start': 246} |
37,641 | 37,299 | 570b9002ec8fbc190045ba82 | generic | The concept of emissivity is important in understanding the infrared emissions of objects. This is a property of a surface that describes how its thermal emissions deviate from the ideal of a black body. To further explain, two objects at the same physical temperature will not show the same infrared image if they have ... | Along with pyrometers, what devices can receive inaccurate results if emissivity is not set correctly? | {'text': 'infrared cameras', 'answer_start': 585} |
27,935 | 27,593 | 56fb34c7f34c681400b0c213 | generic | The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ... | When did Aspar die? | {'text': 'Aspar', 'answer_start': 545} |
122,926 | 122,584 | 5731dee2e17f3d14004224d0 | generic | J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle. Champions of religious libert... | Separationists opposed the Catholic church when it sought to do what? | {'text': 'tap into the public till to support its parochial schools', 'answer_start': 542} |
112,153 | 111,811 | 572fc1c9a23a5019007fc98f | generic | The exact causes and motivations for Rome's military conflicts and expansions during the republic are subject to wide debate. While they can be seen as motivated by outright aggression and imperialism, historians typically take a much more nuanced view. They argue that Rome's expansion was driven by short-term defensiv... | What was a common conclusion to wars in the early days of republican Rome? | {'text': 'restoration of the way things were', 'answer_start': 1137} |
122,732 | 122,390 | 5731bedce99e3014001e6241 | generic | The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv... | What was a recent case involving the application of the principle of the establishment clause against states? | {'text': 'Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet', 'answer_start': 545} |
90,600 | 90,258 | 5ad20bdbd7d075001a428256 | generic | Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more press... | What are ancient mandolins' strings made of? | {'text': 'four courses of metal strings', 'answer_start': 267} |
118,681 | 118,339 | 5a862e45b4e223001a8e74a9 | generic | In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger ... | Where is Polish no longer mandatory? | {'text': 'in the school system', 'answer_start': 401} |
126,522 | 126,180 | 5a82180f31013a001a3351d0 | generic | Polemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns. Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental "slop" (Hulme)[citation needed] or "an old bitch gone in the teeth" (Pound) and wanted to go back to a more manly, authoritarian ... | Who had no interest in discussing Humanism? | {'text': 'Kate Soper', 'answer_start': 1060} |
77,454 | 77,112 | 5727c4faff5b5019007d94c6 | generic | Stereophonic sound recording, which attempts to provide a more natural listening experience by reproducing the spatial locations of sound sources in the horizontal plane, was the natural extension to monophonic recording, and attracted various alternative engineering attempts. The ultimately dominant "45/45" stereophon... | What was the benefit of 45/45 stereo sound? | {'text': 'more natural listening experience', 'answer_start': 58} |
120,075 | 119,733 | 57313da305b4da19006bcf2c | generic | However Qing rule saw an massively increasing amount of Han Chinese both illegally and legally streaming into Manchuria and settling down to cultivate land as Manchu landlords desired Han Chinese peasants to rent on their land and grow grain, most Han Chinese migrants were not evicted as they went over the Great Wall a... | What percent of the population in Manchuria was Han? | {'text': '80%', 'answer_start': 600} |
62,552 | 62,210 | 572740875951b619008f8776 | generic | During the American Civil War, American cotton exports slumped due to a Union blockade on Southern ports, and also because of a strategic decision by the Confederate government to cut exports, hoping to force Britain to recognize the Confederacy or enter the war. This prompted the main purchasers of cotton, Britain and... | What action of the Union damaged the southern cotton exports? | {'text': 'Union blockade', 'answer_start': 72} |
55,761 | 55,419 | 572679f45951b619008f73e6 | generic | Pitt's Act was deemed a failure because it quickly became apparent that the boundaries between government control and the company's powers were nebulous and highly subjective. The government felt obliged to respond to humanitarian calls for better treatment of local peoples in British-occupied territories. Edmund Burke... | after the Pitt act the Crown began to focus more on _______ efforts of its people in it territories? | {'text': 'humanitarian', 'answer_start': 218} |
15,896 | 15,554 | 56e06c697aa994140058e493 | generic | In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration. | How are lenis consonants distinguished from fortis consonants? | {'text': 'their lack of aspiration', 'answer_start': 186} |
70,855 | 70,513 | 5726edf05951b619008f82a5 | generic | Nigeria is a religiously diverse society, with Islam and Christianity being the most widely professed religions. Nigerians are nearly equally divided into Christians and Muslims, with a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions. According to one recent estimate, over 40% of Nigeria's population adheres ... | How much of Nigeria's population is Muslim? | {'text': 'over 40%', 'answer_start': 279} |
130,403 | 130,061 | 5a6b5ebba9e0c9001a4e9f4e | generic | Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restor... | What drugstore item is a poor treatment for MI? | {'text': 'Aspirin', 'answer_start': 0} |
105,423 | 105,081 | 572ea2e7dfa6aa1500f8d23a | generic | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | What did Congress do to the Executive Order that would have included financial considerations as a factor for a species to be listed? | {'text': 'Congress rejected', 'answer_start': 281} |
67,957 | 67,615 | 5a2814ecd1a287001a6d0a7b | generic | In the late 14th century, the Songhai gradually gained independence from the Mali Empire and expanded, ultimately subsuming the entire eastern portion of the Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire's eventual collapse was largely the result of a Moroccan invasion in 1591, under the command of Judar Pasha. The fall of the Songh... | What invasion caused the collapse of the Mali Empire? | {'text': 'Moroccan', 'answer_start': 238} |
54,756 | 54,414 | 57262cc0ec44d21400f3db9b | generic | The Byzantine recovery of lost provinces began toward the end of the 8th century and most of the Greek peninsula came under imperial control again, in stages, during the 9th century. This process was facilitated by a large influx of Greeks from Sicily and Asia Minor to the Greek peninsula, while at the same time many S... | The Byzantine began taking back territories during the last of what century? | {'text': '8th', 'answer_start': 69} |
1,750 | 1,408 | 56cff817234ae51400d9c1a5 | generic | Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce... | What has been falsely credited to Chopin? | {'text': '"always crescendo to a high note"', 'answer_start': 566} |
11,344 | 11,002 | 56de50ed4396321400ee27e6 | generic | The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50... | What language is spoken in northwest Spain? | {'text': 'Galician', 'answer_start': 632} |
51,860 | 51,518 | 5725e50889a1e219009ac065 | generic | Also in Carrasco is The British Schools of Montevideo, one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, established in 1908.[citation needed] Its original purpose was to give Uruguayan children a complete education, on par with the best schools of the United Kingdom and to establish strong bonds between the B... | When was the British Schools of Montevideo established? | {'text': '1908', 'answer_start': 129} |
12,254 | 11,912 | 5a5abb109c0277001abe715a | generic | The use of the word "heresy" was given wide currency by Irenaeus in his 2nd century tract Contra Haereses (Against Heresies) to describe and discredit his opponents during the early centuries of the Christian community.[citation needed] He described the community's beliefs and doctrines as orthodox (from ὀρθός, orthos ... | Who wrote about their opponents in the 200's | {'text': 'Irenaeus', 'answer_start': 56} |
71,431 | 71,089 | 5ad28c20d7d075001a4299f3 | generic | In an effort to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, on 13 April 1941, the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Axis power Japan. While Stalin had little faith in Japan's commitment to neutrality, he felt that the pact was important for its political symbolism, to reinforce a public affection for Germany. S... | Who was openly planning an invasion of the Soviet Union? | {'text': 'Hitler', 'answer_start': 472} |
338 | 338 | 138440 | pubqa | This study describes two drinking water outbreaks in Finland in 2016 (outbreak I) and 2018 (outbreak II). Both outbreaks caused approximately 450 illness cases and were due to drinking water pipe breakage and subsequent wastewater intrusion into the distribution system. In both outbreaks, the sapovirus was found in pat... | What are the first steps of mitigation?
| {'answer_id': 275046, 'document_id': 450707, 'question_id': 138440, 'text': 'boil water advisory, alternative drinking water sources and chlorination', 'answer_start': 838, 'answer_category': 'LONG'} |
90,327 | 89,985 | 5ad25133d7d075001a428cc4 | generic | In response to a given problem situation (), a number of competing conjectures, or tentative theories (), are systematically subjected to the most rigorous attempts at falsification possible. This process, error elimination (), performs a similar function for science that natural selection performs for biological evolu... | What theories are less applicable to the situation at hand? | {'text': 'Theories that better survive the process of refutation', 'answer_start': 326} |
44,623 | 44,281 | 5ad37006604f3c001a3fe243 | generic | According to Paul Martin, Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried that the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister. Tony Benn said that the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding dow... | Who was the prime minister of Britain in 1980? | {'text': 'Pierre Trudeau', 'answer_start': 117} |
1,341 | 999 | 56cbf5106d243a140015ee1b | generic | Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's a... | Who is stated as a jack of all trades in service to Frédéric? | {'text': 'Julian Fontana', 'answer_start': 133} |
20,491 | 20,149 | 56e7845837bdd419002c4080 | generic | Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had bee... | Who defeated Nanjing and took over in 280? | {'text': 'the Western Jin dynasty', 'answer_start': 246} |
57,134 | 56,792 | 57268d2df1498d1400e8e38a | generic | Before the formation of the Third Coalition, Napoleon had assembled an invasion force, the Armée d'Angleterre, around six camps at Boulogne in Northern France. He intended to use this invasion force to strike at England. They never invaded, but Napoleon's troops received careful and invaluable training for future milit... | What country was the Armée d'Angleterre intended to strike at? | {'text': 'England', 'answer_start': 212} |
128,496 | 128,154 | 5ad2f3af604f3c001a3fda44 | generic | Political anthropology concerns the structure of political systems, looked at from the basis of the structure of societies. Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies, a new development started from the 1960s, and is still unfolding: anthropologists started... | Political anthropology was primarily concerned with the politics of strong what? | {'text': 'societies', 'answer_start': 220} |
94,006 | 93,664 | 5ad127fa645df0001a2d0fbc | generic | Renewable energy technologies are getting cheaper, through technological change and through the benefits of mass production and market competition. A 2011 IEA report said: "A portfolio of renewable energy technologies is becoming cost-competitive in an increasingly broad range of circumstances, in some cases providing ... | As of what year when have there not been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies? | {'text': '2011', 'answer_start': 150} |
36,408 | 36,066 | 5a36ff0395360f001af1b3b9 | generic | Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap... | What changed Julian Thursday, 4 October 1582 to Gregorian Friday, 15 October 1582? | {'text': 'the bull', 'answer_start': 389} |
49,481 | 49,139 | 5722ccb20dadf01500fa1ef5 | generic | In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert... | What was Albert ill with? | {'text': 'chronic stomach trouble', 'answer_start': 380} |
21,520 | 21,178 | 56e8879699e8941900975e62 | generic | Since the 16th century, the city has had a bear pit, the Bärengraben, at the far end of the Nydeggbrücke to house its heraldic animals. The currently four bears are now kept in an open-air enclosure nearby, and two other young bears, a present by the Russian president, are kept in Dählhölzli zoo. | Who gave Bern their bears? | {'text': 'the Russian president', 'answer_start': 247} |
35,772 | 35,430 | 5a2e0066f28ef0001a5266e0 | generic | The Air Commerce Act of May 20, 1926, is the cornerstone of the federal government's regulation of civil aviation. This landmark legislation was passed at the urging of the aviation industry, whose leaders believed the airplane could not reach its full commercial potential without federal action to improve and maintain... | Who was charged with the fostering of manufacturing planes? | {'text': 'Secretary of Commerce', 'answer_start': 359} |
6,960 | 6,618 | 56d5af531c85041400946dba | generic | Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their... | When a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat, this is called what? | {'text': 'countershading', 'answer_start': 44} |
69,626 | 69,284 | 5a7e6efe48f7d9001a0636e8 | generic | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | Why do all authors experiment with their technique? | {'text': 'to surprise the reader', 'answer_start': 654} |
114,618 | 114,276 | 5a137f8bc8eab200188dc9a5 | generic | Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-hei... | What tax was maximized by building large and regularly spaced windows | {'text': 'window tax', 'answer_start': 105} |
125,995 | 125,653 | 5733b70fd058e614000b612d | generic | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | What action affirmed Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation? | {'text': 'relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa', 'answer_start': 386} |
91,748 | 91,406 | 5728c8284b864d1900164e0c | generic | Paris is located in northern central France. By road it is 450 kilometres (280 mi) south-east of London, 287 kilometres (178 mi) south of Calais, 305 kilometres (190 mi) south-west of Brussels, 774 kilometres (481 mi) north of Marseille, 385 kilometres (239 mi) north-east of Nantes, and 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-eas... | Where in France is Paris located? | {'text': 'northern central', 'answer_start': 20} |
51,474 | 51,132 | 5a0cac31f5590b0018dab4eb | generic | In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets". This move has been widely app... | What does the new agreement policy cover? | {'text': 'As of January 1, 2015 their Open Access policy is effective for all new agreements.', 'answer_start': 498} |
23,051 | 22,709 | 56f8781aa6d7ea1400e1769f | generic | Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of the 16 wards. Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four. Since the 2015 council elections, the composition of the counc... | How many concillors sit on Southampton's City Council? | {'text': '48', 'answer_start': 37} |
88,929 | 88,587 | 5a85b666b4e223001a8e71a6 | generic | The Taliban regrouped in western Pakistan and began to unleash an insurgent-style offensive against Coalition forces in late 2002. Throughout southern and eastern Afghanistan, firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces. Coalition forces responded with a series of military offensives and an in... | What was the name of the insurgent-style offensive the Taliban used? | {'text': 'Operation Moshtarak', 'answer_start': 411} |
20,581 | 20,239 | 56e79a5837bdd419002c4205 | generic | Nanjing borders Yangzhou to the northeast, one town downstream when following the north bank of the Yangtze, Zhenjiang to the east, one town downstream when following the south bank of the Yangtze, and Changzhou to the southeast. On its western boundary is Anhui province, where Nanjing borders five prefecture-level cit... | What province is to the west of Nanjing? | {'text': 'Anhui province', 'answer_start': 257} |
85,469 | 85,127 | 5a6227cff8d794001af1bea1 | generic | St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island... | What Canadian city was incorporated in the 18th century? | {'text': "St. John's", 'answer_start': 121} |
75,186 | 74,844 | 57275ec9dd62a815002e9bbe | generic | The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for a... | Were children able to take on apprenticeships? | {'text': 'Some children undertook work as apprentices to respectable trades', 'answer_start': 447} |
106,667 | 106,325 | 5a0f250dd7c85000188645b5 | generic | The Great Plains lie west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains. A large portion of the country's agricultural products are grown in the Great Plains. Before their general conversion to farmland, the Great Plains were noted for their extensive grasslands, from tallgrass prairie in the eastern plains ... | The elevation of what is more than a mile high near the Mississippi River? | {'text': 'the Great Plains', 'answer_start': 215} |
86,123 | 85,781 | 5ad2e043d7d075001a42a5b9 | generic | The standard PlayStation 3 version of the XrossMediaBar (pronounced Cross Media Bar, or abbreviated XMB) includes nine categories of options. These are: Users, Settings, Photo, Music, Video, TV/Video Services, Game, Network, PlayStation Network and Friends (similar to the PlayStation Portable media bar). TheTV/Video Se... | PS4 is able to store what kind of profiles? | {'text': 'master and secondary user', 'answer_start': 721} |
34,020 | 33,678 | 5709d8514103511400d59482 | generic | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half d... | How much was 1 troy ounce of gold worth? | {'text': '$20.67', 'answer_start': 181} |
28,145 | 27,803 | 56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d99 | generic | Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic. The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, similar Spanish military religious orders ... | Where was the Teutonic Order headquartered in 1309? | {'text': 'Marienburg', 'answer_start': 896} |
45,186 | 44,844 | 5ad366b9604f3c001a3fe075 | generic | Assembly of desktop computers for the North American market formerly took place at Dell plants in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999), which have been closed in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina received $280 million USD in incentives fro... | What city isn't Dell's Texas facility in? | {'text': 'Austin', 'answer_start': 98} |
24,354 | 24,012 | 56f815cea6d7ea1400e173a8 | generic | In the late 14th century, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vytautas the Great reformed the Grand Duchy's army: instead of calling all men to arms, he created forces comprising professional warriors—bajorai ("nobles"; see the cognate "boyar"). As there were not enough nobles, Vytautas trained suitable men, relieving the... | What is an example of noble family name? | {'text': 'Goštautai,', 'answer_start': 636} |
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