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The City of Oklahoma City has operated under a council-manager form of city government since 1927. Mick Cornett serves as Mayor, having first been elected in 2004, and re-elected in 2006, 2010, and 2014. Eight councilpersons represent each of the eight wards of Oklahoma City. City Manager Jim Couch was appointed in lat...
Who is the city Manager?
{'text': 'Jim Couch', 'answer_start': 290}
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For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Nur Jehan, Malika Pukhraj, Farida Khanum, Roshen Ara Begum, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well-known. Folk songs and dances of the Punjab reflect a wide range of moo...
What songs use the same styling?
{'text': 'Love legends', 'answer_start': 417}
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In response, Shell filed lawsuits to seek injunctions from possible protests, and Benjamin Jealous of the NAACP and Radford argued that the legal action was "trampling American's rights." According to Greenpeace, Shell lodged a request with Google to ban video footage of a Greenpeace protest action that occurred at the...
Greenpeace claimed that Shell requested Google to ban what?
{'text': 'video footage of a Greenpeace protest action that occurred at the Shell-sponsored Formula One (F1) Belgian Grand Prix', 'answer_start': 255}
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Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last ice age. Ancestors of the Wichita and Caddo lived in what is now Oklahoma. The Panhandle culture peoples were precontact residents of the panhandle region. The westernmost center of the Mississippian culture was Spiro Mounds, in what is ...
What Spanish explorer visited Oklahoma in 1541?
{'text': 'Francisco Vásquez de Coronado', 'answer_start': 392}
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Both Alsatian and Standard German were for a time banned from public life (including street and city names, official administration, and educational system). Though the ban has long been lifted and street signs today are often bilingual, Alsace-Lorraine is today very French in language and culture. Few young people spe...
What did the banning of the two dialects include?
{'text': 'street and city names, official administration, and educational system', 'answer_start': 85}
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An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in and around Clitheroe, Lancashire, in northwest England, during March 2000. Fifty-eight cases of diarrhea with Cryptosporidium identified in stool specimens were reported. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in samples from the water treatment works as well as domestic ta...
With what symptoms they were presented?
{'answer_id': 263764, 'document_id': 394241, 'question_id': 142206, 'text': 'diarrhea', 'answer_start': 4217, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'}
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The dollar was first based on the value and look of the Spanish dollar, used widely in Spanish America from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The first dollar coins issued by the United States Mint (founded 1792) were similar in size and composition to the Spanish dollar, minted in Mexico and Peru. The Spanish, U.S. silv...
What was the look of the dollar based on?
{'text': 'Spanish dollar', 'answer_start': 56}
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According to Der Spiegel credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt. As Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives, a German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented qu...
What other country hid its debt through swaps?
{'text': 'Italy', 'answer_start': 372}
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The history of biodiversity during the Phanerozoic (the last 540 million years), starts with rapid growth during the Cambrian explosion—a period during which nearly every phylum of multicellular organisms first appeared. Over the next 400 million years or so, invertebrate diversity showed little overall trend, and vert...
Which era included a rapid phylum period?
{'text': 'the Cambrian explosion', 'answer_start': 113}
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Everton F.C. is a limited company with the board of directors holding a majority of the shares. The club's most recent accounts, from May 2014, show a net total debt of £28.1 million, with a turnover of £120.5 million and a profit of £28.2 million. The club's overdraft with Barclays Bank is secured against the Premier ...
How much money did Everton FC borrow from Bear Stearns and Prudential in 2002?
{'text': '£30 million', 'answer_start': 453}
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In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor...
Who provides minimal amounts of bandwidth for connecting ISPs?
{'text': 'Transit ISPs', 'answer_start': 552}
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In 2012, the modern use of electronic educational technology (also called e-learning) had grown at 14 times the rate of traditional learning.[clarification needed] Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods...
What grew at 10 times the rate of traditional learning?
{'text': 'electronic educational technology', 'answer_start': 27}
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Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films. The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer. Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Rous...
Who starred as Chopin in Impromptu?
{'text': 'Hugh Grant', 'answer_start': 384}
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After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empress dowagers, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which...
Who killed the palace eunichs after the death of Emperor Ling?
{'text': 'military officers', 'answer_start': 501}
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On October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace. The aim of the strategy is to strengthen Canada’s "cyber systems and critical infrastructure sectors, support economic growth and protect Canadi...
What outlines the ongoing implementation of the Cyber Security Strategy?
{'text': "The Action Plan 2010–2015 for Canada's Cyber Security Strategy", 'answer_start': 848}
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The working memory model explains many practical observations, such as why it is easier to do two different tasks (one verbal and one visual) than two similar tasks (e.g., two visual), and the aforementioned word-length effect. However, the concept of a central executive as noted here has been criticised as inadequate ...
What does the non-working memory model explain?
{'text': 'many practical observations', 'answer_start': 34}
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Norfolk Island (i/ˈnɔːrfək ˈaɪlənd/; Norfuk: Norf'k Ailen) is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, 1,412 kilometres (877 mi) directly east of mainland Australia's Evans Head, and about 900 kilometres (560 mi) from Lord Howe Island. The island is part of the Commo...
How far away is the furthest land mass to Norfolk Island?
{'text': 'about 900 kilometres (560 mi)', 'answer_start': 236}
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Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the ...
When did Barcelona become the first Spanish team to win the treble competitions?
{'text': '2009', 'answer_start': 210}
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Electrocution was the preferred method of execution during the 20th century. Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the "Yellow Mama" due to its unique color. Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their ...
Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in South America?
{'text': 'Electrocution', 'answer_start': 0}
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A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San...
Where did missionaries live as of 1857?
{'text': 'Ebon', 'answer_start': 632}
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By the end of the early modern period, the structure and orientation of higher education had changed in ways that are eminently recognizable for the modern context. Aristotle was no longer a force providing the epistemological and methodological focus for universities and a more mechanistic orientation was emerging. Th...
The change in universities towards the completion of the early modern period is credited with the formation of what entity?
{'text': 'the modern state', 'answer_start': 593}
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58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. ...
What percentage of people in the United Kingdom describe themselves as non-religious?
{'text': '24.7%', 'answer_start': 270}
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Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four co...
How many contrastive aspirated fricatives does Choni Tibetan have?
{'text': 'up to four', 'answer_start': 307}
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Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi...
What does the acronym NEMA stand against?
{'text': 'National Electrical Manufacturers Association', 'answer_start': 564}
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A commutator is a mechanism used to switch the input of most DC machines and certain AC machines consisting of slip ring segments insulated from each other and from the electric motor's shaft. The motor's armature current is supplied through the stationary brushes in contact with the revolving commutator, which causes ...
What two motor types are descendant today?
{'text': 'externally commutated induction and permanent-magnet motors', 'answer_start': 768}
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At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the nor...
What year did the British build Hadrian's Wall?
{'text': '122 AD', 'answer_start': 354}
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The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Comm...
Who is the Commander in Chief of the Iranian Army?
{'text': 'The Supreme Leader', 'answer_start': 294}
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New Haven was the location of one of Jim Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group The Doors. The near-riotous concert and arrest in 1967 at the New Haven Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to "Peace Frog" which include the line "...blood in the streets in the town of New Haven..." This ...
The movie The Doors however did not film at New Haven, instead where did they film the reenactment?
{'text': 'Los Angeles', 'answer_start': 514}
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The Partisan Prohibitions were repealed during the Yellow Turban Rebellion and Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion in 184 AD, largely because the court did not want to continue to alienate a significant portion of the gentry class who might otherwise join the rebellions. The Yellow Turbans and Five-Pecks-of-Rice adherents bel...
What religion did Zhang Jue practice?
{'text': 'Daoist', 'answer_start': 356}
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The first post-Reconstruction era Republican elected to Congress from Florida was William C. Cramer in 1954 from Pinellas County on the Gulf Coast, where demographic changes were underway. In this period, African Americans were still disenfranchised by the state's constitution and discriminatory practices; in the 19th ...
Who was elected in 1967?
{'text': 'Claude R. Kirk, Jr', 'answer_start': 527}
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In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the...
How many choristers aren't there at the abbey?
{'text': '10', 'answer_start': 579}
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On 1 March 2014, at a special conference the party reformed internal Labour election procedures, including replacing the electoral college system for selecting new leaders with a "one member, one vote" system following the recommendation of a review by former general-secretary Ray Collins. Mass membership would be enco...
What replaced the "one member, one vote" system?
{'text': 'electoral college system', 'answer_start': 121}
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Red, blue, and white are also the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by the Slavic solidarity movement of the late nineteenth century. Initially these were the colors of the Russian flag; as the Slavic movement grew, they were adopted by other Slavic peoples including Slovaks, Slovenes, and Serbs. The flags of the Czech Republi...
Why do Georgia and Poland use red on their flags?
{'text': 'for historic heraldic reasons', 'answer_start': 341}
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In the 18th and 19th century, green was associated with the romantic movement in literature and art. The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau celebrated the virtues of nature, The German poet and philosopher Goethe declared that green was the most restful color, suitable for decorating bedrooms. Painters such as Jo...
Which German poet and philospher declared green to be the most restful color?
{'text': 'Goethe', 'answer_start': 212}
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In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In ...
What was the solar engine used to power?
{'text': 'steam engine', 'answer_start': 303}
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Midtown Raleigh is a residential and commercial area just North of the I-440 Beltline and is part of North Raleigh. It is roughly framed by Glenwood/Creedmoor Road to the West, Wake Forest Road to the East, and Millbrook Road to the North. It includes shopping centers such as North Hills and Crabtree Valley Mall. It al...
Where is downtown Raleigh?
{'text': 'North of the I-440 Beltline', 'answer_start': 58}
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University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust is one of the city's largest employers. It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages Southampton General Hospital, ...
What hospital is the Countess Mountbatten House a part of?
{'text': 'Moorgreen Hospital', 'answer_start': 420}
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The club's success in the late 1990s and first decade of the 21st century owed a great deal to the 1996 appointment of Arsène Wenger as manager. Wenger brought new tactics, a new training regime and several foreign players who complemented the existing English talent. Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–...
When was Arsenal's first League and Cup double?
{'text': '1997–98', 'answer_start': 315}
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Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as "black", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for "blackness" vary. For example, in North America the term bla...
Are mixed race people classified as black?
{'text': 'mixed-race people are generally not classified as "black."', 'answer_start': 611}
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Backup and Restore, the backup component of Windows, is deprecated. It still ships with Windows 8 and continues to work on preset schedules, but is pushed to the background and can only be accessed through a Control Panel applet called "Windows 7 File Recovery".:76 Shadow Copy, a component of Windows Explorer that once...
What does :67 Shadow Copy do?
{'text': 'access previous versions of shared files stored on a Windows Server computer', 'answer_start': 419}
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The Armenian Highland lies in the highlands surrounding Mount Ararat, the highest peak of the region. In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). Soon a...
What did the Hittite Empire from 860-590 BC gain soverignty over?
{'text': 'the Armenian Highland', 'answer_start': 489}
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Albert Einstein proposed that the laws of physics should be based on the principle of relativity. This principle holds that the rules of physics must be the same for all observers, regardless of the frame of reference that is used, and that light propagates at the same speed in all reference frames. This theory was mot...
The principle of relativity holds that the rules of physics must be the same for who?
{'text': 'all observers', 'answer_start': 166}
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The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered...
Mahbub ul Haq didn't want to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?
{'text': 'people-centered policies', 'answer_start': 305}
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The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively
The highest peak of the Eastern Alps is where?
{'text': 'Piz Bernina', 'answer_start': 113}
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Some species use vibrations for communicating within members of the same species, such as to attract mates as in the songs of the shield bug Nezara viridula. Vibrations can also be used to communicate between entirely different species; lycaenid (gossamer-winged butterfly) caterpillars which are myrmecophilous (living ...
What is a lycaenid caterpillar?
{'text': 'gossamer-winged butterfly', 'answer_start': 247}
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There have been nine Digimon movies released in Japan. The first seven were directly connected to their respective anime series; Digital Monster X-Evolution originated from the Digimon Chronicle merchandise line. All movies except X-Evolution and Ultimate Power! Activate Burst Mode have been released and distributed in...
What were the only two movies distributed internationally?
{'text': 'X-Evolution and Ultimate Power! Activate Burst Mode', 'answer_start': 231}
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Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation...
What date did Estonia join NATO?
{'text': '29 March 2004', 'answer_start': 153}
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In November 1945, Eisenhower returned to Washington to replace Marshall as Chief of Staff of the Army. His main role was rapid demobilization of millions of soldiers, a slow job that was delayed by lack of shipping. Eisenhower was convinced in 1946 that the Soviet Union did not want war and that friendly relations coul...
What was Eisenhower's position on the use of nuclear weapons against Japan?
{'text': 'opposed', 'answer_start': 644}
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The Western powers, largely unsatisfied with the Treaty of Nanjing, gave grudging support to the Qing government during the Taiping and Nian Rebellions. China's income fell sharply during the wars as vast areas of farmland were destroyed, millions of lives were lost, and countless armies were raised and equipped to fig...
When did the British try to redo the Treaty of Nanjing?
{'text': '1854', 'answer_start': 338}
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Incandescent light bulbs consist of an air-tight glass enclosure (the envelope, or bulb) with a filament of tungsten wire inside the bulb, through which an electric current is passed. Contact wires and a base with two (or more) conductors provide electrical connections to the filament. Incandescent light bulbs usually ...
What function do small wires in a light bulb's stem perform?
{'text': 'Small wires embedded in the stem in turn support the filament and its lead wires', 'answer_start': 468}
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After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current refer...
The Expansion of Germany by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?
{'text': 'Ostsiedlung', 'answer_start': 151}
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Terry Neill was recruited by the Arsenal board to replace Bertie Mee on 9 July 1976 and at the age of 34 he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date. With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club enjoyed their best form si...
On what date was Bertie Mee replaced by Arsenal?
{'text': '9 July 1976', 'answer_start': 72}
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It is not clear exactly where collegiate a cappella began. The Rensselyrics of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (formerly known as the RPI Glee Club), established in 1873 is perhaps the oldest known collegiate a cappella group.[citation needed] However the longest continuously-singing group is probably The Whiffenpoofs...
What were The Whiffenpoofs of Yale University often a parody of?
{'text': "the men's groups", 'answer_start': 981}
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can coexist with asthma and can occur as a complication of chronic asthma. After the age of 65 most people with obstructive airway disease will have asthma and COPD. In this setting, COPD can be differentiated by increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, an...
What is a complication of chronic asthma?
{'text': 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'answer_start': 0}
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Programmes, such as the politically fuelled Give My Head Peace (produced by BBC Northern Ireland) and the soap opera River City (produced by BBC Scotland), have been created specifically to cater for some viewers in their respective nations, who may have found programmes created for English audiences irrelevant. BBC Sc...
What type of program is Give My Head Peace, produced by BBC Scotland?
{'text': 'politically fuelled', 'answer_start': 24}
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Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between "language" and "dialect" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate "language" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate "people", and thus to be more deserving of its own...
Since which revolution has Ancient Nationalism especially been developed?
{'text': 'French Revolution', 'answer_start': 54}
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Coordination strategies differ when adjacent time zones shift clocks. The European Union shifts all at once, at 01:00 UTC or 02:00 CET or 03:00 EET; for example, Eastern European Time is always one hour ahead of Central European Time. Most of North America shifts at 02:00 local time, so its zones do not shift at the sa...
For one hour each spring, how far ahead of Pacific Time is Mountain Time in the United States?
{'text': 'two hours', 'answer_start': 465}
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Judging relationships based on shared characters requires care, since plants may resemble one another through convergent evolution in which characters have arisen independently. Some euphorbias have leafless, rounded bodies adapted to water conservation similar to those of globular cacti, but characters such as the str...
Why might two plants be similar but not actually be in the same group?
{'text': 'convergent evolution', 'answer_start': 110}
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The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation. The 32-bit version run...
What architecture types doesn't Windows 8 support?
{'text': '32-bit and 64-bit', 'answer_start': 48}
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It was announced in summer of 2012 that Tito Vilanova, assistant manager at FC Barcelona, would take over from Pep Guardiola as manager. Following his appointment, Barcelona went on an incredible run that saw them hold the top spot on the league table for the entire season, recording only two losses and amassing 100 po...
When was the Barcelona team become Spanish football champions for the 22nd time?
{'text': '11 May 2013', 'answer_start': 436}
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In the CFL, if the game is tied at the end of regulation play, then each team is given an equal number of chances to break the tie. A coin toss is held to determine which team will take possession first; the first team scrimmages the ball at the opponent's 35-yard line and advances through a series of downs until it sc...
If a game is tied at the end of a touchdown, what determines who takes possession?
{'text': 'A coin toss', 'answer_start': 132}
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Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this applicat...
What version of PS3 contained Photo Gallery?
{'text': '2.60', 'answer_start': 195}
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Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropolo...
To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what?
{'text': 'a community in its own setting', 'answer_start': 369}
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The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra...
What calendar was started in the fifteenth century?
{'text': 'The Gregorian calendar', 'answer_start': 0}
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All versions incorporate a top-loading slot for game cartridges, although the shape of the slot differs between regions to match the different shapes of the cartridges. The MULTI OUT connector (later used on the Nintendo 64 and GameCube) can output composite video, S-Video and RGB signals, as well as RF with an externa...
What output type was the only one directly supported on the SNS-101?
{'text': 'composite', 'answer_start': 542}
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Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the southwest of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 2012-13, the airport was used by more than 35 million passengers, making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost ₹96.8 billion (US$...
What year was construction of Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi airport finished?
{'text': '2010', 'answer_start': 363}
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Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) inland in July, the warmest month, and f...
What is the similar trait of Estonia's four seasons?
{'text': 'near-equal length', 'answer_start': 168}
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Penalties never result in a score for the offence. For example, a point-of-foul infraction committed by the defence in their end zone is not ruled a touchdown, but instead advances the ball to the one-yard line with an automatic first down. For a distance penalty, if the yardage is greater than half the distance to the...
Who do touchdowns never result in a score for?
{'text': 'the offence', 'answer_start': 38}
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The FAA gradually assumed additional functions. The hijacking epidemic of the 1960s had already brought the agency into the field of civil aviation security. In response to the hijackings on September 11, 2001, this responsibility is now primarily taken by the Department of Homeland Security. The FAA became more involv...
Who now takes responsibility for aviation security?
{'text': 'Department of Homeland Security', 'answer_start': 261}
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Immigration law firm Siskind & Susser have stated that Schwarzenegger may have been an illegal immigrant at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s because of violations in the terms of his visa. LA Weekly would later say in 2002 that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in America, who "overcame a thick Aus...
What magazine called Schwarzenegger America's most famous immigrant?
{'text': 'LA Weekly', 'answer_start': 200}
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Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents. The limestone is topped with sandy soils deposited as ancient beaches over millions of years as global sea levels rose and fell. During the last glacial period, lower sea levels and...
What body of water is uncommon in Florida?
{'text': 'springs', 'answer_start': 52}
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Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software deve...
Who performs the Unit testing phase?
{'text': 'software developer or engineer', 'answer_start': 239}
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The city is home to New Haven Promise, a scholarship funded by Yale University for students who meet the requirements. Students must be enrolled in a public high school (charters included) for four years, be a resident of the city during that time, carry a 3.0 cumulative grade-point average, have a 90-percent attendanc...
What is the name of the scholarship is funded by Yale?
{'text': 'New Haven Promise', 'answer_start': 20}
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In the early 19th century, the Indigenous American woman Sacagawea, who would help translate for and guide the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the West, married the French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau. Most marriages between Europeans and Indigenous Americans were between European men and Indigenous American women. Depe...
Who was not considered white to the Omaha?
{'text': 'children of white fathers', 'answer_start': 660}
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Red is the international color of stop signs and stop lights on highways and intersections. It was standarized as the international color at the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968. It was chosen partly because red is the brightest color in daytime (next to orange), though it is less visible at twilight...
At what event did the color red become the standard color of stop lights?
{'text': 'Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968', 'answer_start': 145}
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Constantius, ordered Liberius into exile in 356 giving him, then, three days to comply. He was ordered into banishment to Beroea, in Thrace; Beroea (Thrace). He sent expensive presents, too, if he were to accept the Arian position but were refused. He sent him, indeed, five hundred pieces of gold "to bear his charges" ...
Did bribery work in convincing Liberius to believe the Arians?
{'text': 'were refused', 'answer_start': 235}
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Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were ...
In what year was the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names established?
{'text': '1945', 'answer_start': 137}
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The Palácio do Planalto is the official workplace of the President of Brazil. It is located at the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília. As the seat of government, the term "Planalto" is often used as a metonym for the executive branch of government. The main working office of the President of the Republic is in the Palá...
Who designed the Planalto?
{'text': 'Oscar Niemeyer', 'answer_start': 697}
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New York City is additionally a center for the advertising, music, newspaper, digital media, and publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America. Some of the city's media conglomerates and institutions include Time Warner, the Thomson Reuters Corporation, the Associated Press, Bloomberg L.P....
What city is North America's biggest media market?
{'text': 'New York City', 'answer_start': 0}
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Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development, Go...
What major award was given to Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan for his contribution the the Delhi Metro?
{'text': 'Legion of Honour', 'answer_start': 910}
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Since the introduction of league football, most club sides play a number of friendlies before the start of each season (called pre-season friendlies). Friendly football matches are considered to be non-competitive and are only used to "warm up" players for a new season/competitive match. There is generally nothing comp...
What are some examples of friendly short football tournaments?
{'text': 'the Emirates Cup, Teresa Herrera Trophy and the Amsterdam Tournament', 'answer_start': 717}
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On February 18, 2015, Canadian Transport Minister Lisa Raitt announced that Canada has agreed to pay the entire cost to build a $250 million U.S. Customs plaza adjacent to the planned new Detroit–Windsor bridge, now the Gordie Howe International Bridge. Canada had already planned to pay for 95 per cent of the bridge, w...
How much of the Gordie Howe International Bridge is Canada going to pay for?
{'text': '95 per cent', 'answer_start': 292}
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Based on earlier transmitted reports, in the year 632, after the demise of Muhammad a number of his companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed in a battle by Musaylimah, the first caliph Abu Bakr (d. 634) decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the p...
Which scribe led the production of the first written Quran?
{'text': 'Zayd ibn Thabit', 'answer_start': 286}
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After the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, the kings of Sophene and Greater Armenia revolted and declared their independence, with Artaxias becoming the first king of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia in 188. During the reign of the Artaxiads, Armenia went through a period of hellenization. Numismatic...
What years did Tigranes the Great reign?
{'text': '95–55 BC', 'answer_start': 491}
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Madonna experimented with more folk and acoustic music in Music (2000) and American Life (2003). A change was noted in the content of the songs in Music, with most of them being simple love songs, but with an underlying tone of melancholy. According to Q magazine, American Life was characterized by "a thumping techno r...
What type of songs does Hard Candy have?
{'text': 'urban direction', 'answer_start': 786}
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There are two levels of service provided — a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military. The free civilian service has a 10-meter location-tracking accuracy, synchronizes clocks with an accuracy of 10 nanoseconds, and measures speeds to within 0.2 m/s. The restricted military ...
Aside from the licensed service to Japanese civilians, what is the other level of service provided?
{'text': 'free service to civilians', 'answer_start': 45}
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Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant...
What is another possible weapon for anti-aircraft use?
{'text': 'the laser', 'answer_start': 57}
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Most historians[who?] consider Caliph Muawiyah (661–80) to have been the second ruler of the Umayyad dynasty, even though he was the first to assert the Umayyads' right to rule on a dynastic principle. It was really the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan (644–656), a member of Umayyad clan himself, that witnessed the reviva...
When did the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan end?
{'text': '656', 'answer_start': 255}
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Chopin's disease and the cause of his death have since been a matter of discussion. His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis, and his physician, Jean Cruveilhier, was then the leading French authority on this disease. Other possibilities have been advanced including cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis and alpha 1-an...
What has the Polish government not allowed to find true cause of death?
{'text': 'DNA testing', 'answer_start': 450}
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The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th centu...
Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata's well known A cappella composition was written in what year?
{'text': '1610', 'answer_start': 1137}
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Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Eth...
How are long dead human groups presumed to have lived and behaved as compared to still living populations?
{'text': 'in similar ways', 'answer_start': 551}
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Examining the influence of humanism on scholars in medicine, mathematics, astronomy and physics may suggest that humanism and universities were a strong impetus for the scientific revolution. Although the connection between humanism and the scientific discovery may very well have begun within the confines of the univer...
Where might a student find a friendly private benefactor?
{'text': 'princely courts', 'answer_start': 854}
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Hayek never produced the book-length treatment of "the dynamics of capital" that he had promised in the Pure Theory of Capital. After 1941, he continued to publish works on the economics of information, political philosophy, the theory of law, and psychology, but seldom on macroeconomics. At the University of Chicago, ...
Which of Hayeks books did Milton Friedman praise most?
{'text': 'The Road to Serfdom', 'answer_start': 842}
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European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines and/or chords), tempo, meter and rhyth...
What method is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches, tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music?
{'text': 'Western staff notation', 'answer_start': 169}
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Water storage and supply for Melbourne is managed by Melbourne Water, which is owned by the Victorian Government. The organisation is also responsible for management of sewerage and the major water catchments in the region as well as the Wonthaggi desalination plant and North–South Pipeline. Water is stored in a series...
Who manages the water storage and supply for Melbourne?
{'text': 'Melbourne Water', 'answer_start': 53}
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From 1946 to 1964 five Departments of State did the work of the modern Ministry of Defence: the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry, the Ministry of Aviation, and an earlier form of the Ministry of Defence. These departments merged in 1964; the defence functions of the Ministry of Aviation Supply merged into th...
During what years did the five Departments of State do the work of the modern Ministry of Defence?
{'text': '1946 to 1964', 'answer_start': 5}
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Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of w...
For what battle was Sam Houston known as commander?
{'text': 'Battle of San Jacinto', 'answer_start': 272}
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Napoleon ended lawlessness and disorder in post-Revolutionary France. He was, however, considered a tyrant and usurper by his opponents. His critics charge that he was not significantly troubled when faced with the prospect of war and death for thousands, turned his search for undisputed rule into a series of conflicts...
Who charge that Napoleon was untroubled by the prospect of war and death for thousands?
{'text': 'His critics', 'answer_start': 137}
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The committee debated the possibility of a shift function (like in ITA2), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code. In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes. It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable for data trans...
What allows seven-bit code?
{'text': 'shifted code', 'answer_start': 153}
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After they each performed, both were deemed equal until Apollo decreed they play and sing at the same time. As Apollo played the lyre, this was easy to do. Marsyas could not do this, as he only knew how to use the flute and could not sing at the same time. Apollo was declared the winner because of this. Apollo flayed M...
What is said to have turned into the river Marsyas?
{'text': "Marsyas' blood", 'answer_start': 462}