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38,413 | 38,071 | 570cf3cefed7b91900d45b5f | generic | After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats),[citation needed] the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passe... | Where does hyme go after the duodenum? | {'text': 'the small intestine', 'answer_start': 330} |
52,528 | 52,186 | 5a7a127317ab25001a8a02dc | generic | The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant... | How much did George II pay for the house? | {'text': '£21,000', 'answer_start': 371} |
17,640 | 17,298 | 56e120c3cd28a01900c6762a | generic | The Embargo Act of 1807, adopted during the Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 significantly curtailed Boston's harbor activity. Although foreign trade returned after these hostilities, Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component ... | In what century was manufacturing more important to Boston than trade? | {'text': '19th century', 'answer_start': 358} |
71,726 | 71,384 | 5acf688377cf76001a684d9f | generic | Electrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer. The second electrode is a liquid electrolyte, connected to the circuit by another foil plate. Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance but suffer from poor tolerances, high instability, gradual loss of capacitance espec... | What type of dielectric layer is never used in electrolytic capacitors? | {'text': 'oxide dielectric layer', 'answer_start': 66} |
114,065 | 113,723 | 5acd8d4907355d001abf46f7 | generic | As with most of Europe, prehistoric Britain and Ireland were covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 6000 BC and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Britain retained its primeval forests longer than most of Europe due to a small population and later development of trade and industry, and wood shor... | Ice and snow covered prehistoric Ireland and what other country? | {'text': 'Britain', 'answer_start': 36} |
110,008 | 109,666 | 573409784776f4190066176d | generic | Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now "... | Who is Tucson's 'founding father'? | {'text': "Hugo O'Conor", 'answer_start': 333} |
13,843 | 13,501 | 56df65cf8bc80c19004e4bd5 | generic | UNFPA's connection to China's administration of forced abortions was refuted by investigations carried out by various US, UK, and UN teams sent to examine UNFPA activities in China. Specifically, a three-person U.S State Department fact-finding team was sent on a two-week tour throughout China. It wrote in a report to ... | Which U.S. department investigated the allegations? | {'text': 'the State Department', 'answer_start': 320} |
30,354 | 30,012 | 5706649675f01819005e7b95 | generic | There are also open compression formats like Opus and Vorbis that are available free of charge and without any known patent restrictions. Some of the newer audio compression formats, such as AAC, WMA Pro and Vorbis, are free of some limitations inherent to the MP3 format that cannot be overcome by any MP3 encoder. | How can one obtain an open compression format such as Opus or Vorbis? | {'text': 'available free of charge', 'answer_start': 70} |
91,362 | 91,020 | 5728cd6b4b864d1900164e6a | generic | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | What contexts do racial social constructs develop within? | {'text': 'legal, economic, and sociopolitical', 'answer_start': 240} |
128,675 | 128,333 | 57341b484776f41900661885 | generic | Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five fe... | How many different types of fish are diverse to Montana? | {'text': '90', 'answer_start': 72} |
21,732 | 21,390 | 56e8e5520b45c0140094cd48 | generic | A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, wi... | The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom? | {'text': 'Yevele', 'answer_start': 297} |
76,539 | 76,197 | 57277778dd62a815002e9d9f | generic | According to the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 15:4), Jesus was raised from the dead ("on the third day" counting the day of crucifixion as the first) and according to the canonical Gospels, appeared to his disciples on different occasions before ascending to heaven. The account given in Acts of the Apostles... | What day is accounted in the Gospel of Luke as the ascension? | {'text': 'Easter Sunday', 'answer_start': 495} |
61,642 | 61,300 | 5a79c1ae17ab25001a8a0072 | generic | During the 18th and 19th centuries, federal law traditionally focused on areas where there was an express grant of power to the federal government in the federal Constitution, like the military, money, foreign relations (especially international treaties), tariffs, intellectual property (specifically patents and copyri... | Employment laws has only what kind of law instead of federal? | {'text': 'state', 'answer_start': 1025} |
93,396 | 93,054 | 57292bceaf94a219006aa157 | generic | The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts ... | How many urban districts are in Bremen? | {'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 478} |
93,045 | 92,703 | 5a7b898021c2de001afea11b | generic | Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full access to the software's source code.[not in citation given] M... | The tester is required to have full access to what piece of information? | {'text': "the software's source code", 'answer_start': 268} |
20,559 | 20,217 | 56e792e237bdd419002c417f | generic | In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the "Rape of Nanking"). Even ch... | When did Japan invade Manchuria? | {'text': '1931', 'answer_start': 96} |
128,148 | 127,806 | 5733b699d058e614000b611c | generic | About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residen... | There are how many dorms for females at Notre Dame? | {'text': '14', 'answer_start': 368} |
103,214 | 102,872 | 5ad4dd3c5b96ef001a10a4b6 | generic | In 2004 he was admitted as knight of the Légion d'honneur by president Jacques Chirac. On July 15, 2006, Spielberg was also awarded the Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award at the Summer Gala of the Chicago International Film Festival, and also was awarded a Kennedy Center honour on December 3. The tribute to Spielberg... | Who was the first winner of the Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award? | {'text': 'Spielberg', 'answer_start': 105} |
34,620 | 34,278 | 570a5a736d058f1900182d91 | generic | An example of this theory in action would be as follows: An emotion-evoking stimulus (snake) triggers a pattern of physiological response (increased heart rate, faster breathing, etc.), which is interpreted as a particular emotion (fear). This theory is supported by experiments in which by manipulating the bodily state... | In the James-Lange theory, what causes emotions? | {'text': 'bodily states', 'answer_start': 566} |
22,700 | 22,358 | 56f740d5aef2371900625a49 | generic | Slavic studies began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise. As early as 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as Indo-European. | What languages were recognized as Indo-European? | {'text': 'Slavic languages', 'answer_start': 104} |
129,695 | 129,353 | 5735f68a012e2f140011a100 | generic | In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of ... | Who did Anglophone colonies democratically glorify hunting for? | {'text': 'all', 'answer_start': 565} |
111,276 | 110,934 | 5ad27ecdd7d075001a429726 | generic | In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduc... | What religions form of worship came from the Western sects? | {'text': 'The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduced into the Greek world', 'answer_start': 265} |
36,395 | 36,053 | 570af7f4ec8fbc190045b796 | generic | The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra... | When did the First Council of Nicaea rule that Easter be celebrated by all Christians? | {'text': 'on the same day', 'answer_start': 486} |
67,641 | 67,299 | 5727816ddd62a815002e9ef2 | generic | Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example. This constitution provided for a central authority while leaving the cantons the right to self-government on local issues. Giving credit to those... | What example inspired much of a new Swiss constitution providing for a federal layout? | {'text': 'American', 'answer_start': 157} |
114,821 | 114,479 | 5a62b160f8d794001af1c1b7 | generic | The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa. Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Niger... | In what year was Taylor extradited from Nigeria? | {'text': '2006', 'answer_start': 382} |
111,732 | 111,390 | 5ad0c457645df0001a2d0270 | generic | The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry ... | What is Brian Deane of Crystal Palace known for? | {'text': 'first ever Premier League goal', 'answer_start': 89} |
103,333 | 102,991 | 572ec87ac246551400ce4678 | generic | Phase one mode is activated by a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building. Once an alarm has been activated, the elevator will automatically go into phase one. The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor. Once the ele... | How is the elevator enabled for service after the incident? | {'text': 'The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset', 'answer_start': 899} |
82,848 | 82,506 | 5ad2c540d7d075001a42a181 | generic | In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar, joining five other American universities: Carnegie Mellon University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Texas A&M University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-... | What non-bachelor's degree is offered at NU-Q through the Medill School of Journalism? | {'text': 'Journalism', 'answer_start': 277} |
33,591 | 33,249 | 5acd8af107355d001abf4697 | generic | Many beers are sold in cans, though there is considerable variation in the proportion between different countries. In Sweden in 2001, 63.9% of beer was sold in cans. People either drink from the can or pour the beer into a glass. A technology developed by Crown Holdings for the 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 'full aperture... | What major sporting event was held in 2001? | {'text': 'FIFA World Cup', 'answer_start': 284} |
23,960 | 23,618 | 56f9519a9e9bad19000a0828 | generic | The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ),[note 1] is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country... | How many coral atolls comprise the Marshall Islands? | {'text': '29', 'answer_start': 391} |
28,016 | 27,674 | 56fb691a8ddada1400cd63eb | generic | The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's... | What dynasty consisted of descendants of Charles Martel? | {'text': 'Carolingian', 'answer_start': 4} |
99,835 | 99,493 | 572b6eeb34ae481900deae0b | generic | and proliferation of hyphenated entities such as "thing-in-itself" (Immanuel Kant), "things-as-interacted-by-us" (Arthur Fine), "table-of-commonsense" and "table-of-physics" (Sir Arthur Eddington) which are "warning signs" for conceptual idealism according to Musgrave because they allegedly do not exist but only highli... | Who coined the term "thing-in-itself"? | {'text': 'Immanuel Kant', 'answer_start': 68} |
99,518 | 99,176 | 5a57b998770dc0001aeefcfe | generic | This idea was later developed in ancient philosophy by the Stoic school. Stoic epistemology generally emphasized that the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it. The doxographer Aetius summarizes this view as "When a man is born, the Stoics say, he has the commanding part of... | Who invented stoicism? | {'text': 'Aetius', 'answer_start': 223} |
66,040 | 65,698 | 5a81acc831013a001a334d5d | generic | Sir John Call argued the advantages of Norfolk Island in that it was uninhabited and that New Zealand flax grew there. In 1786 the British government included Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, as proposed by John Call, in its plan for colonisation of New South Wales. The decision to settle Norfolk Island was t... | Where was the majority of the cheese and wine used by the Royal Navy imported from? | {'text': 'Russia', 'answer_start': 506} |
61,629 | 61,287 | 5a79bd6a17ab25001a8a0036 | generic | Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies... | What is the Federal Register published in? | {'text': 'the Code of Federal Regulations', 'answer_start': 416} |
80,219 | 79,877 | 572805c04b864d1900164259 | generic | USB 2.0 also added a larger three-byte SPLIT token with a seven-bit hub number, 12 bits of control flags, and a five-bit CRC. This is used to perform split transactions. Rather than tie up the high-bandwidth USB bus sending data to a slower USB device, the nearest high-bandwidth capable hub receives a SPLIT token follo... | Rather than tie up the high-bandwidth USB bus sending data to a slower USB device, what happens? | {'text': 'the nearest high-bandwidth capable hub receives a SPLIT token followed by one or two USB packets at high bandwidth', 'answer_start': 253} |
108,492 | 108,150 | 5a3b04c43ff257001ab84394 | generic | While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization. Heteromorphic flowers have short carpels and long stamens, ... | What do hermaphrodite flowers use to discriminate between self and non-self pollination? | {'text': 'a biochemical (physiological) mechanism called self-incompatibility', 'answer_start': 464} |
39,298 | 38,956 | 570c34086b8089140040fc2e | generic | FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Cooli... | How long is the term of a FBI director? | {'text': 'five years', 'answer_start': 148} |
52,224 | 51,882 | 5725c49a89a1e219009abe3d | generic | In Dutch itself, Diets went out of common use - although Platdiets is still used for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects in the north-east of Belgium. Nederlands, the official Dutch word for "Dutch", did not become firmly established until the 19th century. This designation had been in use as far back as the... | What does "Hoogduits" translate to in English? | {'text': 'High Dutch', 'answer_start': 511} |
42,918 | 42,576 | 5ad25ca5d7d075001a428ec2 | generic | Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 in... | Where are there 5,000 year round residents? | {'text': 'on the continent and its nearby islands', 'answer_start': 164} |
42,344 | 42,002 | 570d7c8bb3d812140066d9ec | generic | At the outset of the Franco-Prussian War, 462,000 German soldiers concentrated on the French frontier while only 270,000 French soldiers could be moved to face them, the French army having lost 100,000 stragglers before a shot was fired through poor planning and administration. This was partly due to the peacetime orga... | What did the French military numbers suffer from the most? | {'text': 'having lost 100,000 stragglers', 'answer_start': 182} |
25,470 | 25,128 | 56f8daad9b226e1400dd10fd | generic | At 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi), the country is larger in size than Taiwan or Belgium. It lies at a low altitude; its highest point is 300 metres (984 ft). The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east. Its monsoon-like rainy s... | How many square kilometers is Guinea-Bissau? | {'text': '36,125', 'answer_start': 3} |
13,116 | 12,774 | 5ace334632bba1001ae49ddd | generic | In the 1980s to early 1990s, there was a CBS imprint label in the US known as CBS Associated Records. Tony Martell, veteran CBS and Epic Records A&R Vice President was head of this label and signed artists including Ozzy Osbourne, the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer. Thi... | Who didn't share the same staff as Epic Records? | {'text': 'CBS Associated Records', 'answer_start': 78} |
57,799 | 57,457 | 5a519a6bb308da001a5a231d | generic | In the 11th century, a turbulent period occurred in the history of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Indian Chola navy crossed the ocean and attacked the Srivijaya kingdom of Sangrama Vijayatungavarman in Kadaram (Kedah), the capital of the powerful maritime kingdom was sacked and the king was taken captive. Along with Kada... | What happened in the 1100's? | {'text': 'a turbulent period occurred in the history of Maritime Southeast Asia', 'answer_start': 21} |
55,771 | 55,429 | 57267ba4f1498d1400e8e153 | generic | This Act clearly demarcated borders between the Crown and the Company. After this point, the Company functioned as a regularised subsidiary of the Crown, with greater accountability for its actions and reached a stable stage of expansion and consolidation. Having temporarily achieved a state of truce with the Crown, th... | when EIC become more like a regularised subsidiary did they have greater or less accountability to the Crown | {'text': 'greater accountability', 'answer_start': 159} |
30,355 | 30,013 | 5706653e75f01819005e7b9a | generic | Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression. Lossless formats include FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), Apple Lossless and many others. | What is a significant alternative to MP3? | {'text': 'lossless formats', 'answer_start': 35} |
123,961 | 123,619 | 5a849b087cf838001a46a98c | generic | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | At what level was the public voting in the latter part of the 19th century? | {'text': 'high levels', 'answer_start': 438} |
3,709 | 3,367 | 56cee069aab44d1400b88bbd | generic | However, Reuters reported in June that, to date, Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake to gain first-hand material of construction quality at the collapsed schools, launch preliminary inquiries and prepare for possible investigations into prof... | What was to be carried out at schools after the quake? | {'text': 'safety checks', 'answer_start': 362} |
129,995 | 129,653 | 5ace9e1232bba1001ae4ad32 | generic | A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." Ho... | What group funded the Biological Conservation study? | {'text': 'trophy hunters', 'answer_start': 371} |
86,769 | 86,427 | 572807e2ff5b5019007d9b65 | generic | Groups share a fundamental kinship with the notion of symmetry. For example, a symmetry group encodes symmetry features of a geometrical object: the group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged and the operation of combining two such transformations by performing one after the other. Lie... | What are the symmetry groups utilized as a part of the Standard Model particle physics? | {'text': 'Lie groups', 'answer_start': 317} |
4,748 | 4,406 | 56cf572daab44d1400b89074 | generic | During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize,... | When did Harper Lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book? | {'text': '1964', 'answer_start': 520} |
86,188 | 85,846 | 5ad3443d604f3c001a3fdc30 | generic | On March 1, 2010 (UTC), many of the original "fat" PlayStation 3 models worldwide were experiencing errors related to their internal system clock. The error had many symptoms. Initially, the main problem seemed to be the inability to connect to the PlayStation Network. However, the root cause of the problem was unrelat... | What essential network were some users able to connect to because of the error? | {'text': 'PlayStation Network', 'answer_start': 249} |
44,482 | 44,140 | 570fca425ab6b81900390fee | generic | From 21 April 1944 until her accession, Elizabeth's arms consisted of a lozenge bearing the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing a Tudor rose and the first and third a cross of St George. Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her... | What type of flags are used in foreign countries? | {'text': 'personal', 'answer_start': 392} |
15,485 | 15,143 | 56e036e0231d4119001abfd5 | generic | After Napoleon's death, the thousands of temporary visitors were soon withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape... | The packet schooner St Helena brought supplies of what to the island? | {'text': 'wine and provisions', 'answer_start': 368} |
94,246 | 93,904 | 5a3e4f88378766001a002570 | generic | Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architectu... | What city is in the northwest of Italy? | {'text': 'Palermo', 'answer_start': 257} |
93,714 | 93,372 | 572920e0af94a219006aa0c5 | generic | Equivalently, the smallness of the Planck constant reflects the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles. For example, green light with a wavelength of 555 nanometres (the approximate wavelength to which human eyes are most sensitive) has a frequency of 7014540000000000000♠540 THz ... | What does the smallness of the Planck constant show? | {'text': 'the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles', 'answer_start': 60} |
55,129 | 54,787 | 57261cd638643c19005ad023 | generic | In November 2004, following a period of turmoil caused by the revelation that Shell had been overstating its oil reserves, it was announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure, creating a new parent company to be named Royal Dutch Shell plc, with its primary listing on the London Stock Exchang... | In what year was it announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure? | {'text': '2004', 'answer_start': 12} |
25,289 | 24,947 | 56f8d9269e9bad19000a05f2 | generic | The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome. The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in function. Sets of genes formed in this way comprise a gene family. Gene duplications and losses within... | What is the most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages? | {'text': 'gene duplication', 'answer_start': 62} |
118,874 | 118,532 | 5730f53c05b4da19006bcc92 | generic | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | When did the USSR dissolve? | {'text': '1991', 'answer_start': 352} |
26,790 | 26,448 | 5a56d7bd6349e2001acdcf8f | generic | Henry VIII's wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall, built in 1514–1516 for Cardinal Wolsey, is in the basement of Main Building, and is used for entertainment. The entire vaulted brick structure of the cellar was encased in steel and concrete and relocated nine feet to the west and nearly 19 feet (5.8 m) deeper in 194... | When was Henry VIII's reign? | {'text': '1514–1516', 'answer_start': 62} |
103,605 | 103,263 | 572e931103f98919007567c8 | generic | From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer... | What year did the International Astronomical Union define the word planet? | {'text': '2006', 'answer_start': 496} |
117,611 | 117,269 | 5730b14b069b531400832273 | generic | The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of tablets written in cuneiform. Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating... | What followed cuneiform in writing? | {'text': 'Ideograms', 'answer_start': 495} |
72,124 | 71,782 | 57282fda2ca10214002da022 | generic | Historical linguistics emerged as an independent field of study at the end of the 18th century. Sir William Jones proposed that Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin, Gothic, and Celtic languages all shared a common base. After Jones, an effort to catalog all languages of the world was made throughout the 19th century and in... | What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics? | {'text': 'a mathematical model of language', 'answer_start': 783} |
34,578 | 34,236 | 5a106921decec90018475648 | generic | Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the ... | What starts at the Trammplatz and stops at the river bank? | {'text': 'the Mile of Sculptures', 'answer_start': 778} |
19,870 | 19,528 | 56e78dc200c9c71400d772b0 | generic | NARA also maintains the Presidential Library system, a nationwide network of libraries for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents since Herbert Hoover. The Presidential Libraries include: | What is the system that preserves the documents of US Presidents? | {'text': 'Presidential Library system', 'answer_start': 24} |
89,339 | 88,997 | 5ad14ca7645df0001a2d166b | generic | "New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun unde... | When was the term New Labour last used? | {'text': '1994', 'answer_start': 145} |
35,909 | 35,567 | 570ad7de4103511400d59a7f | generic | During the 20th century, the county became increasingly urbanised, particularly the southern part. To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness, Blackburn, Bolton, Bootle, Burnley, Bury, Liverpool, Manchester, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale, Salford, St Helens and Wigan were added Blackpool (1904), Southport (1905),... | When was Southport added? | {'text': '1905', 'answer_start': 314} |
124,707 | 124,365 | 5ad3e772604f3c001a3ff607 | generic | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | What religion accommodates members who question its teachings? | {'text': "Jehovah's Witnesses", 'answer_start': 13} |
91,267 | 90,925 | 572993a5af94a219006aa521 | generic | Only insects which live in nests or colonies demonstrate any true capacity for fine-scale spatial orientation or homing. This can allow an insect to return unerringly to a single hole a few millimeters in diameter among thousands of apparently identical holes clustered together, after a trip of up to several kilometers... | Spacial orientation/homing allows an insect to return to one specific hole among how many? | {'text': 'thousands', 'answer_start': 220} |
1,324 | 982 | 56cf6d3e4df3c31400b0d783 | generic | Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration. In France he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport. However, Chopin remained clo... | In what year did Chopin become a French citizen? | {'text': '1835', 'answer_start': 251} |
37,080 | 36,738 | 570b4f4dec8fbc190045b977 | generic | After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45... | How long did the first phase of fighting last? | {'text': 'approximately three weeks', 'answer_start': 630} |
40,262 | 39,920 | 570cd0bbb3d812140066d27f | generic | The Macintosh, however, was expensive, which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for businesses. Macintosh systems still found success in education and desktop publishing and kept A... | What hindered the competetive ability of Apple when it was introduced? | {'text': 'expensive', 'answer_start': 28} |
57,854 | 57,512 | 572669d0708984140094c528 | generic | While Southeast Asia is rich in flora and fauna, Southeast Asia is facing severe deforestation which causes habitat loss for various endangered species such as orangutan and the Sumatran tiger. Predictions have been made that more than 40% of the animal and plant species in Southeast Asia could be wiped out in the 21st... | Where has haze been predominant? | {'text': 'Sumatra and Borneo', 'answer_start': 541} |
91,792 | 91,450 | 5728cff2ff5b5019007da718 | generic | France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the ad... | Where does the Consiel d'Etat meet? | {'text': 'Palais-Royal', 'answer_start': 400} |
106,995 | 106,653 | 5a5685066349e2001acdcde6 | generic | The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (... | When was the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of the Ninth Symphony created? | {'text': 'May 1980', 'answer_start': 654} |
83,285 | 82,943 | 5727fa644b864d1900164121 | generic | A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstet... | Where is Fort Podbielski located? | {'text': 'Mundolsheim', 'answer_start': 263} |
26,432 | 26,090 | 5acfbddd77cf76001a685be4 | generic | Valleys and plains are found along the coastline and rivers. The north of the province lies just south of the Yangtze Delta, and consists of plains around the cities of Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou, where the Grand Canal of China enters from the northern border to end at Hangzhou. Another relatively flat area is found... | What is a minor river of the province in addition to the Qiangtang River? | {'text': 'Ou Rivers', 'answer_start': 419} |
42,348 | 42,006 | 570d7d86b3d812140066d9f4 | generic | The events of the Franco-Prussian War had great influence on military thinking over the next forty years. Lessons drawn from the war included the need for a general staff system, the scale and duration of future wars and the tactical use of artillery and cavalry. The bold use of artillery by the Prussians, to silence F... | What was the French 75 optimised to directly support? | {'text': 'advancing infantry', 'answer_start': 638} |
13,807 | 13,465 | 56df5ca18bc80c19004e4b1d | generic | UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administration... | What groups have made these accusations against UNFPA? | {'text': 'anti-family planning groups', 'answer_start': 34} |
28,295 | 27,953 | 56fb92c78ddada1400cd650e | generic | The publication of vernacular literature increased, with Dante (d. 1321), Petrarch (d. 1374) and Giovanni Boccaccio (d. 1375) in 14th-century Italy, Geoffrey Chaucer (d. 1400) and William Langland (d. c. 1386) in England, and François Villon (d. 1464) and Christine de Pizan (d. c. 1430) in France. Much literature remai... | In what language was most religious literature of this period written? | {'text': 'Latin', 'answer_start': 407} |
26,962 | 26,620 | 5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb9 | generic | Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more effici... | What wasn't the existing system at the time? | {'text': 'NTSC', 'answer_start': 375} |
54,693 | 54,351 | 5ad01a3277cf76001a6869fc | generic | The 2011 Business Software Alliance Piracy Study Standard, estimates the total commercial value of illegally copied software to be at $59 billion in 2010, with emerging markets accounting for $31.9 billion, over half of the total. Furthermore, mature markets for the first time received less PC shipments than emerging e... | What country has the lowest retail value of software? | {'text': '83 percent', 'answer_start': 880} |
126,116 | 125,774 | 573407b6d058e614000b680c | generic | The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemplo... | In 2009, what rating did Standard & Poor's assign to Portugal's long-term credit assessment? | {'text': 'negative', 'answer_start': 481} |
88,092 | 87,750 | 5acfc1f777cf76001a685d1e | generic | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | Symmetric federalism exist when? | {'text': 'states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do', 'answer_start': 150} |
83,460 | 83,118 | 5acd72d007355d001abf42cc | generic | Being a city on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the forti... | Which is newer, the Canal de la Marne au Rhin or the Grand Canal d'Alsace? | {'text': "Grand Canal d'Alsace", 'answer_start': 445} |
124,097 | 123,755 | 57324d51b9d445190005e9f8 | generic | The Chief Deputy Whip is the primary assistant to the whip, who is the chief vote counter for his or her party. The current chief deputy majority whip is Republican Patrick McHenry. Within the House Republican Conference, the chief deputy whip is the highest appointed position and often a launching pad for future posit... | How long has democratic leader of whips held position? | {'text': 'senior chief deputy minority whip, John Lewis, has held his post since 1991', 'answer_start': 538} |
19,065 | 18,723 | 56e6cf636fe0821900b8eb98 | generic | In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently. The urban adult contemporary format (a term coined by Barry Mayo) usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes Caucasian listeners through playing a great deal of R&B (without any form of rappi... | What style of singing is absent from R&B played on urban adult contemporary format stations? | {'text': 'rapping', 'answer_start': 315} |
88,858 | 88,516 | 5a838ac4e60761001a2eb79f | generic | The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Repu... | What did Osama bin Laden sign in May 1998? | {'text': 'a fatwā', 'answer_start': 850} |
93,105 | 92,763 | 5a7b95b321c2de001afea17d | generic | Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, as degraded or lost features, including old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working ... | What are common methods of regression coding? | {'text': 're-running previous sets of test-cases and checking whether previously fixed faults have re-emerged', 'answer_start': 546} |
62,856 | 62,514 | 57268380dd62a815002e87db | generic | Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to the direct applications (mp3 players or computers), digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the internet, satellite and cable radio, and increasingly in terrestrial radio broadc... | What is used in most video DVDs? | {'text': 'digitally compressed audio streams', 'answer_start': 132} |
39,081 | 38,739 | 570c2b156b8089140040fbaf | generic | An FBI special agent is issued a Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber. If they fail their first qualification, they are issued either a Glock 17 or Glock 19, to aid in their next qualification. In May 1997, the FBI officially adopted the Glock .40 S&W pistol for general agent use and first issued it t... | What are FBI special agents issued if they fail their first qualification? | {'text': 'Glock 17 or Glock 19', 'answer_start': 154} |
50,343 | 50,001 | 5acf91bf77cf76001a6852b8 | generic | In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on t... | What are some Protestant rewards to Freemasonry? | {'text': 'mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism', 'answer_start': 135} |
46,732 | 46,390 | 5acec49232bba1001ae4b345 | generic | Athanasius also wrote a two-part Against the Heathen and The Incarnation of the Word of God. Completed probably early in his life, before the Arian controversy, they constitute the first classic work of developed Orthodox theology. In the first part, Athanasius attacks several pagan practices and beliefs. The second pa... | How did he not believe Jesus came into the world? | {'text': 'in human form', 'answer_start': 509} |
21,677 | 21,335 | 56e8dca40b45c0140094cd22 | generic | In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey. | What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016? | {'text': '£1,310,000 to £1,530,000', 'answer_start': 67} |
1,542 | 1,200 | 56d3abf72ccc5a1400d82e03 | generic | Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide; and he has also... | When did Ulrich do his sonnet on Chopin? | {'text': '1830', 'answer_start': 180} |
44,261 | 43,919 | 5ad35d9b604f3c001a3fdec1 | generic | Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell.... | How many gifts did Elizabeth and Philip receive from British citizens? | {'text': '2500', 'answer_start': 90} |
77,052 | 76,710 | 57277e13f1498d1400e8f9ac | generic | The collation of all known variants of a text is referred to as a variorum, namely a work of textual criticism whereby all variations and emendations are set side by side so that a reader can track how textual decisions have been made in the preparation of a text for publication. The Bible and the works of William Shak... | Name one author who is less frequently the subject of a variorum. | {'text': 'Edward Fitzgerald', 'answer_start': 533} |
72,592 | 72,250 | 5a732ca953a187001ae63131 | generic | Comcast operates multiple cable-only channels (including E! Entertainment Television, the Golf Channel, and NBCSN), over-the-air national broadcast network channels (NBC and Telemundo), the film production studio Universal Pictures, and Universal Parks & Resorts, with a global total of nearly 200 family entertainment l... | What countries is Comcast planning to open new attractions in? | {'text': 'U.A.E., South Korea, Russia and China', 'answer_start': 395} |
100,843 | 100,501 | 572d333e8351f81400e9d377 | generic | Nicholas Lezard described post-punk as "a fusion of art and music". The era saw the robust appropriation of ideas from literature, art, cinema, philosophy, politics and critical theory into musical and pop cultural contexts. Artists sought to refuse the common distinction between high and low culture and returned to th... | How did the post-punk movement feel about big business? | {'text': 'anti-corporatist', 'answer_start': 1006} |
82,873 | 82,531 | 5727ee953acd2414000df020 | generic | Northwestern is privately owned and is governed by an appointed Board of Trustees. The board, composed of 70 members and as of 2011[update] chaired by William A. Osborn '69, delegates its power to an elected president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university. Northwestern has had sixteen presidents in ... | How many members are on Northwestern's Board of Trustees? | {'text': '70', 'answer_start': 106} |
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