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73,477 | 73,135 | 57275c29dd62a815002e9bb0 | generic | Some opponents further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects and that it fails to achieve its goals. They argue that it hinders reconciliation, replaces old wrongs with new wrongs, undermines the achievements of minorities, and encourages groups to identify themselves as disadvantaged, even if they... | Other than failing to achieve its goal, what else do opponents to affirmative action claim it has? | {'text': 'undesirable side-effects', 'answer_start': 57} |
92,705 | 92,363 | 5a6a6c58a9e0c9001a4e9e08 | generic | A period of division for the Liberals followed, with former Treasurer John Howard competing with former Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock for supremacy. The Australian economy was facing the early 1990s recession. Unemployment reached 11.4% in 1992. Under Dr John Hewson, in November 1991, the opposition launched the 650-... | What discussion proved an example of the difficulty of explaining what governments were and were not included in the Goods and Services Tax | {'text': 'the infamous birthday cake interview', 'answer_start': 1772} |
102,468 | 102,126 | 572e7c43cb0c0d14000f11a9 | generic | Cyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and third most populo... | What is Cyprus' affiliation with the European Union? | {'text': 'member state', 'answer_start': 358} |
125,911 | 125,569 | 573341b6d058e614000b57ea | generic | The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t... | How many modern Portugese words have Arabic origins? | {'text': '800', 'answer_start': 565} |
55,123 | 54,781 | 57261b3b38643c19005ad009 | generic | For various reasons, the new firm operated as a dual-listed company, whereby the merging companies maintained their legal existence, but operated as a single-unit partnership for business purposes. The terms of the merger gave 60 percent ownership of the new group to the Dutch arm and 40 percent to the British. Nationa... | What percent of ownership of the new company was awarded to the British? | {'text': '40', 'answer_start': 286} |
19,963 | 19,621 | 5ad3bac0604f3c001a3feeaf | generic | The islands were first sighted in 1506 by Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha; rough seas prevented a landing. He named the main island after himself, Ilha de Tristão da Cunha, which was anglicised from its earliest mention on British Admiralty charts to Tristan da Cunha Island. Some sources state that the Portuguese ... | Who first sighted the Islands in 1643? | {'text': 'Tristão da Cunha', 'answer_start': 62} |
117,520 | 117,178 | 5730aa008ab72b1400f9c63d | generic | By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo... | During which period did Sumerian cities begin using slave labor? | {'text': 'Uruk', 'answer_start': 371} |
87,369 | 87,027 | 5a4ff3feaf0d07001ae8ccaf | generic | Asthma is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate. Asthma may also be classified as atopic (extrinsic) or non-atopic (intrinsic), based on whether symptoms are precipitated by allergens (atopic) or not (non-atopic). While... | What are two other ways allergen subgroups may be classified? | {'text': 'as atopic (extrinsic) or non-atopic (intrinsic)', 'answer_start': 180} |
85,392 | 85,050 | 5728240c2ca10214002d9ecd | generic | Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the... | Where do bad and weak assets get moved in times of soverign debt crisis? | {'text': 'the balance sheets of the European Central Bank', 'answer_start': 148} |
55,479 | 55,137 | 5a39fedc2f14dd001ac7269e | generic | When endothermy first appeared in the evolution of mammals is uncertain. Modern monotremes have lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates than marsupials and placentals, but there is evidence that some of their ancestors, perhaps including ancestors of the therians, may have had body temperatures like t... | What do therians need to maintain a stable body temperature? | {'text': 'an insulative covering like fur', 'answer_start': 490} |
114,825 | 114,483 | 573021a304bcaa1900d771e7 | generic | Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Nimba is the largest of the c... | How many counties is liberia divided into? | {'text': 'fifteen', 'answer_start': 24} |
39,811 | 39,469 | 570e5ce90dc6ce1900204f9b | generic | Melbourne's rich and diverse literary history was recognised in 2008 when it became the second UNESCO City of Literature. The State Library of Victoria is one of Australia's oldest cultural institutions and one of many public and university libraries across the city. Melbourne also has Australia's widest range of books... | What occupation to Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne hold? | {'text': 'writers and poets', 'answer_start': 773} |
103,196 | 102,854 | 5ad4dbf95b96ef001a10a45e | generic | Since playing Pong while filming Jaws in 1974, Spielberg has been an avid video gamer. Spielberg played many of LucasArts adventure games, including the first Monkey Island games. He owns a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360, and enjoys playing first-person shooters such as the Medal of Honor series and Call of ... | What console features an updated version of the first Monkey Island game? | {'text': 'Xbox 360', 'answer_start': 223} |
116,868 | 116,526 | 5730954a2461fd1900a9cebb | generic | On runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway. Runway edge lighting consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edge. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lights that run dow... | On runways, what indicate the beginning of the runway for landing? | {'text': 'green lights', 'answer_start': 12} |
43,088 | 42,746 | 5ad23535d7d075001a4287e2 | generic | Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy... | Who suggested the idea of Terrs Australis in the 1st cuntury B.C.? | {'text': 'Ptolemy', 'answer_start': 313} |
122,418 | 122,076 | 5ace2dc532bba1001ae49cdf | generic | Observing that face-to-face communication of the type that online videos convey has been "fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution", TED curator Chris Anderson referred to several YouTube contributors and asserted that "what Gutenberg did for writing, online video can now do for face-to-face communication". Anderso... | What did Salman Noer found? | {'text': 'Khan Academy', 'answer_start': 560} |
52,329 | 51,987 | 572669c3f1498d1400e8dee8 | generic | As a foreign language, Dutch is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools in areas adjacent to the Netherlands and Flanders. In French-speaking Belgium, over 300,000 pupils are enrolled in Dutch courses, followed by over 23,000 in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, and about 7,000 in the... | Besides North Rhine-Westphalia, which German state has the most pupils of Dutch? | {'text': 'Lower Saxony', 'answer_start': 257} |
70,390 | 70,048 | 5ad4025e604f3c001a3ffd52 | generic | Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese... | What do some speak because of 170 years of immigration? | {'text': 'Portuguese', 'answer_start': 455} |
70,173 | 69,831 | 5726e540dd62a815002e9442 | generic | Chinese characters are primarily morphosyllabic, meaning that most Chinese morphemes are monosyllabic and are written with a single character, though in modern Chinese most words are disyllabic and dimorphemic, consisting of two syllables, each of which is a morpheme. In modern Chinese 10% of morphemes only occur as pa... | What are primarily morphosyllabic? | {'text': 'Chinese characters', 'answer_start': 0} |
119,803 | 119,461 | 5731339ae6313a140071cd0d | generic | A dearth of field observations limit our knowledge, but intraspecific conflicts are known to sometimes result in injury or death. The screamers (Anhimidae), some jacanas (Jacana, Hydrophasianus), the spur-winged goose (Plectropterus), the torrent duck (Merganetta) and nine species of lapwing (Vanellus) use a sharp spur... | What is another name for Anhimidae? | {'text': 'screamers', 'answer_start': 134} |
42,318 | 41,976 | 570d7908fed7b91900d4618d | generic | While the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not "yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its fortresses." The republic the... | Who was Favre speaking on behalf of? | {'text': 'Government of National Defense', 'answer_start': 162} |
97,239 | 96,897 | 5a7d28a670df9f001a874feb | generic | There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death Pit demonstrates "... | What tools were seen as evidence of ditches among settlements? | {'text': 'weapon-traumatized bones', 'answer_start': 226} |
56,800 | 56,458 | 57268f75f1498d1400e8e3cc | generic | On the other hand, Mexico City is also home to large communities of expatriates and immigrants, most notably from the rest of North America (U.S. and Canada), from South America (mainly from Argentina and Colombia, but also from Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela), from Central America and the Caribbean (mainly from ... | What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from? | {'text': 'Argentina and Colombia', 'answer_start': 191} |
53,413 | 53,071 | 5acd0f9107355d001abf32c5 | generic | When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this pe... | What color away kit did Arsenal wear during the 2004-05 season? | {'text': 'yellow and blue', 'answer_start': 405} |
94,456 | 94,114 | 5a749a4a42eae6001a389a13 | generic | In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations... | What color did the nobility in China wear? | {'text': 'red', 'answer_start': 538} |
83,251 | 82,909 | 5acd5db107355d001abf3f1d | generic | This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Ed... | What nationality did the French fight in the War of the Reunions? | {'text': 'German', 'answer_start': 791} |
75,745 | 75,403 | 57276f50708984140094dd85 | generic | Although Kammu had abandoned universal conscription in 792, he still waged major military offensives to subjugate the Emishi, possible descendants of the displaced Jōmon, living in northern and eastern Japan. After making temporary gains in 794, in 797 Kammu appointed a new commander, Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, under the ... | The imperial capital extended to the eastern edge of which Japanese island? | {'text': 'Honshū', 'answer_start': 480} |
61,886 | 61,544 | 5726a3d7f1498d1400e8e5bc | generic | A major battleground, Burma was devastated during World War II. By March 1942, within months after they entered the war, Japanese troops had advanced on Rangoon and the British administration had collapsed. A Burmese Executive Administration headed by Ba Maw was established by the Japanese in August 1942. Wingate's Bri... | When did the temporary Japanese rule end in Burma? | {'text': 'the end of Japanese rule in July 1945', 'answer_start': 611} |
125,362 | 125,020 | 57325d96b9d445190005eab4 | generic | In the Presidential primary elections of February 5, 2008, Sen. Clinton won 61.2% of the Bronx's 148,636 Democratic votes against 37.8% for Barack Obama and 1.0% for the other four candidates combined (John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson and Joe Biden). On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's... | In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Obama get? | {'text': '37.8%', 'answer_start': 130} |
23,386 | 23,044 | 56f715cc711bf01900a44929 | generic | The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party. | Where might the text of a treaty be reprinted? | {'text': 'in a collection of treaties currently in effect', 'answer_start': 125} |
25,934 | 25,592 | 56f97f299b226e1400dd14c5 | generic | Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear, or pressure-sensitive neurons in the skin. The axons of sensory receptor cells travel into the spinal cord or brain, where they transmit their sign... | Light-receptive neurons are located in what part of the eye? | {'text': 'retina', 'answer_start': 99} |
6,941 | 6,599 | 56d4c3ba2ccc5a1400d831fd | generic | The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gathere... | Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what? | {'text': 'hunter-gatherers', 'answer_start': 306} |
73,553 | 73,211 | 57276e8cf1498d1400e8f7f5 | generic | In 2012, Abigail Fisher, an undergraduate student at Louisiana State University, and Rachel Multer Michalewicz, a law student at Southern Methodist University, filed a lawsuit to challenge the University of Texas admissions policy, asserting it had a "race-conscious policy" that "violated their civil and constitutional... | What did the plaintiffs claim the university had for an admissions policy? | {'text': 'race-conscious policy', 'answer_start': 252} |
55,393 | 55,051 | 5a39e9b52f14dd001ac7263a | generic | If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the the... | What is Tikitherium more closely related to more than therian mammals? | {'text': 'monotremes', 'answer_start': 215} |
107,825 | 107,483 | 573047ca947a6a140053d399 | generic | Washington, D.C. is often mentioned as a candidate for statehood. In Federalist No. 43 of The Federalist Papers, James Madison considered the implications of the definition of the "seat of government" found in the United States Constitution. Although he noted potential conflicts of interest, and the need for a "municip... | What caused the size of Washington, D.C. to change? | {'text': 'Virginia reclaimed the portion of the District south of the Potomac', 'answer_start': 975} |
6,949 | 6,607 | 56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83211 | generic | Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has power... | What bones in dog legs are fused? | {'text': 'wrist', 'answer_start': 339} |
105,185 | 104,843 | 57302f95b2c2fd1400568a1d | generic | Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential w... | The bombers used what out of desperation? | {'text': 'airborne search lights', 'answer_start': 217} |
78,587 | 78,245 | 5a3049aaf1f7c7001ab92d3c | generic | Barbershop music is one of several uniquely American art forms. The earliest reports of this style of a cappella music involved African Americans. The earliest documented quartets all began in barbershops. In 1938, the first formal men's barbershop organization was formed, known as the Society for the Preservation and ... | What group was formed in 2004? | {'text': "the first formal men's barbershop organization", 'answer_start': 215} |
65,215 | 64,873 | 5ad0f9d0645df0001a2d0935 | generic | Secular Gothic architecture can also be found in a number of public buildings such as town halls, universities, markets or hospitals. The Gdańsk, Wrocław and Stralsund town halls are remarkable examples of northern Brick Gothic built in the late 14th centuries. The Belfry of Bruges or Brussels Town Hall, built during t... | What is the name of the 18th-century town hall constructed to host the offices of the republic of Siena? | {'text': 'the Palazzo Pubblico', 'answer_start': 952} |
81,317 | 80,975 | 57281e912ca10214002d9e39 | generic | Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, compr... | What was the population density of Greater London in 2001? | {'text': '4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi)', 'answer_start': 160} |
59,494 | 59,152 | 5726e5f3708984140094d527 | generic | In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to "creative differences" between him and ... | Who is writing the Freddie Mercury film? | {'text': 'Peter Morgan', 'answer_start': 554} |
53,682 | 53,340 | 5726182438643c19005acfe4 | generic | By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrat... | Who has been spreading Western culture and styles? | {'text': 'Western media corporations', 'answer_start': 280} |
92,234 | 91,892 | 5728ed99ff5b5019007da987 | generic | Though the proportions were always important in Greek art, the appeal of the Greek sculptures eludes any explanation by proportion alone. The statues of Apollo were thought to incarnate his living presence, and these representations of illusive imaginative reality had deep roots in the Minoan period, and in the beliefs... | Representations of illusive imaginative reality had deep roots in what period? | {'text': 'Minoan', 'answer_start': 287} |
37,441 | 37,099 | 570b6ef56b8089140040f956 | generic | Established bands made something of a comeback in the mid-1980s. After an 8-year separation, Deep Purple returned with the classic Machine Head line-up to produce Perfect Strangers (1984), which reached number five in the UK, hit the top five in five other countries, and was a platinum-seller in the US. After somewhat ... | What was the title of Deep Purple's 1980s reunion album? | {'text': 'Perfect Strangers', 'answer_start': 163} |
77,709 | 77,367 | 5a82378231013a001a3352ed | generic | At the time of its launch, TCM was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers. The network originally served as a competitor to AMC – which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to TCM, as both networks largely focused on films released p... | What sorts of films did TCM primarily show? | {'text': 'released prior to 1970', 'answer_start': 310} |
39,764 | 39,422 | 570e50af0b85d914000d7e0f | generic | Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing t... | On what date did the lowest temperature in Melbourne's records occur? | {'text': '21 July 1869', 'answer_start': 727} |
1,252 | 910 | 56cbe5df6d243a140015edd4 | generic | In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left W... | During what year did Frédéric's youngest sister, Emilia, pass away? | {'text': '1827', 'answer_start': 3} |
44,238 | 43,896 | 570f887880d9841400ab35a3 | generic | Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars... | How is Victoria related to Elizabeth? | {'text': 'great-great-grandmother', 'answer_start': 484} |
15,254 | 14,912 | 5acf7fe177cf76001a684fe0 | generic | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevert... | What was thought to be only good for children and those who could read or write? | {'text': 'Comics', 'answer_start': 307} |
19,758 | 19,416 | 5a7b5f4221c2de001afe9f8e | generic | In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to "reclassify", i.e., withdraw from public access, certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that rese... | What did the Archivist of the US and researchers have between them? | {'text': 'a memorandum of understanding', 'answer_start': 94} |
19,198 | 18,856 | 56e708d0de9d37140006811d | generic | DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing. | When the clock on your laptop adjusts to DST without you resetting the clock, what is controlling the change? | {'text': 'Computer software', 'answer_start': 153} |
53,871 | 53,529 | 57267aad708984140094c77f | generic | Despite trading for pitcher Matt Garza and signing free-agent slugger Carlos Peña, the Cubs finished the 2011 season 20 games under .500 with a record of 71-91. Weeks after the season came to an end, the club was rejuvenated in the form of a new philosophy, as new owner Tom Ricketts signed Theo Epstein away from the Bo... | Who did the new owner of the Cubs sign from the Boston Red Sox? | {'text': 'Theo Epstein', 'answer_start': 291} |
88,464 | 88,122 | 572833674b864d1900164706 | generic | The earliest good evidence for oligochaetes occurs in the Tertiary period, which began 65 million years ago, and it has been suggested that these animals evolved around the same time as flowering plants in the early Cretaceous, from 130 to 90 million years ago. A trace fossil consisting of a convoluted burrow partly fi... | What type of annelid fossils have been found from the mid Ordovician period? | {'text': 'oligochaetes', 'answer_start': 577} |
42,808 | 42,466 | 5ad2c5bfd7d075001a42a19f | generic | The climate of Antarctica does not allow extensive vegetation to form. A combination of freezing temperatures, poor soil quality, lack of moisture, and lack of sunlight inhibit plant growth. As a result, the diversity of plant life is very low and limited in distribution. The flora of the continent largely consists of ... | What are there 105 species of? | {'text': 'mosses', 'answer_start': 363} |
37,626 | 37,284 | 5a07bed60ff9ab00181693ae | generic | Infrared radiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected. Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecul... | What science discipline uses infrared thermal-imaging cameras to penetrate dusty regions of space? | {'text': 'Infrared astronomy', 'answer_start': 217} |
24,285 | 23,943 | 56f7dbddaef2371900625c36 | generic | The documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure is the earliest surviving of the use of the clan name and cry defining the honorable status of Polish knights. The names of knightly genealogiae only came to be associated with heraldic devices later in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. The Polish c... | WHn did the knightly genealogiae associate with heraldic devices? | {'text': 'Middle Ages and in the early modern period', 'answer_start': 264} |
125,917 | 125,575 | 5733445dd058e614000b5804 | generic | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias? | {'text': 'King Alfonso III', 'answer_start': 109} |
106,884 | 106,542 | 5a567a6f6349e2001acdcda4 | generic | The CD was planned to be the successor of the gramophone record for playing music, rather than primarily as a data storage medium. From its origins as a musical format, CDs have grown to encompass other applications. In 1983, following the CD's introduction, Immink and Braat presented the first experiments with erasabl... | Who created the gramophone? | {'text': 'Immink and Braat', 'answer_start': 259} |
73,963 | 73,621 | 5729499d1d04691400779255 | generic | New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court. There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal lead... | What famous president made a speech in New Haven in 1860? | {'text': 'Abraham Lincoln', 'answer_start': 398} |
115,765 | 115,423 | 5ad491ebba00c4001a268c40 | generic | Windows 8 was released to a mixed critical reception. Although reaction towards its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for being potentially confusing and difficult to learn (esp... | What about Windows 9 was well received? | {'text': 'its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices', 'answer_start': 80} |
42,944 | 42,602 | 5ad2612bd7d075001a42900f | generic | Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica, while the Adélie penguin breeds farther south than an... | What animals live on the continent of Antarctica? | {'text': 'penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals', 'answer_start': 121} |
37,131 | 36,789 | 5ad172ad645df0001a2d1c02 | generic | The Navy was modernized in the 1880s, and by the 1890s had adopted the naval power strategy of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan—as indeed did every major navy. The old sailing ships were replaced by modern steel battleships, bringing them in line with the navies of Britain and Germany. In 1907, most of the Navy's battleship... | By what name was the US fleet known at the start of the 21st Century? | {'text': 'Great White Fleet', 'answer_start': 364} |
32,049 | 31,707 | 57097747200fba140036802b | generic | The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity (59.6×106 S/m) and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest (to silver) among pure metals at room temperature. This is because the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature mostly originates from scatt... | What is the maximum premissible current density in open air of copper? | {'text': '3.1×106 A/m2', 'answer_start': 500} |
94,074 | 93,732 | 5ad12a5e645df0001a2d103a | generic | As of 2014, the wind industry in the USA is able to produce more power at lower cost by using taller wind turbines with longer blades, capturing the faster winds at higher elevations. This has opened up new opportunities and in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, the price of power from wind turbines built 300 feet to 400 fee... | How is the wind industry in the UK able to produce more power at lower cost? | {'text': 'using taller wind turbines', 'answer_start': 88} |
49,922 | 49,580 | 5ad16aef645df0001a2d1a7e | generic | At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers... | What was the length of time between the deaths of Victoria's father and brother? | {'text': 'within a week of each other', 'answer_start': 590} |
43,125 | 42,783 | 570e152a0b85d914000d7cb1 | generic | Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch... | What type of climate did Antarctica have in the Cretaceous period? | {'text': 'subtropical', 'answer_start': 237} |
61,877 | 61,535 | 5726a242dd62a815002e8b8a | generic | Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions such as the British refusal to remove shoes when they entered pagodas. Buddhist monks became the van... | have the Burmese people ever shown any reservations about the ruling government bodies? | {'text': 'Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s.', 'answer_start': 0} |
58,017 | 57,675 | 572826ce2ca10214002d9f40 | generic | Brigham Young University's origin can be traced back to 1862 when a man named Warren Dusenberry started a Provo school in a prominent adobe building called Cluff Hall, which was located in the northeast corner of 200 East and 200 North. On October 16, 1875, Brigham Young, then president of the LDS Church, personally pu... | What year can BYU's origin be traced to with a building called Cluff Hall? | {'text': '1862', 'answer_start': 56} |
114,937 | 114,595 | 5a62c950f8d794001af1c22e | generic | Hospitals in Liberia include the John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Monrovia and several others. Life expectancy in Liberia is estimated to be 57.4 years in 2012. With a fertility rate of 5.9 births per woman, the maternal mortality rate stood at 990 per 100,000 births in 2010. A number of highly communicable diseases a... | What is the life expectancy in Monrovia? | {'text': '57.4 years', 'answer_start': 142} |
14,489 | 14,147 | 56dfae9c7aa994140058dfde | generic | On June 21, 1880, Bell's assistant transmitted a wireless voice telephone message a considerable distance, from the roof of the Franklin School in Washington, D.C., to Bell at the window of his laboratory, some 213 metres (700 ft) away, 19 years before the first voice radio transmissions. | From what building was the first photophone message sent? | {'text': 'Franklin School', 'answer_start': 128} |
124,454 | 124,112 | 5ad3bf70604f3c001a3fef65 | generic | The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters (and later, also by branch committees). It was announced that, starting in September 2014, appointments would be made by traveling overseers. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, ... | In what year did branch committees start to make appointments? | {'text': '1972', 'answer_start': 87} |
7,239 | 6,897 | 56d63b2c1c85041400947033 | generic | In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades. In Norse mythology, a bloody, four-eyed dog called Garmr guards Helheim. In Persian mythology, two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge. In Philippine mythology, Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan, god of thunder, is responsible for... | Kimat is the dog of Tadaklan, who is the god of what? | {'text': 'thunder', 'answer_start': 293} |
112,734 | 112,392 | 573216a9e99e3014001e64ed | generic | Midway proved to be the last great naval battle for two years. The United States used the ensuing period to turn its vast industrial potential into increased numbers of ships, planes, and trained aircrew. At the same time, Japan, lacking an adequate industrial base or technological strategy, a good aircrew training pro... | How were the bypassed Japanese strongholds neutralized? | {'text': 'air attack', 'answer_start': 628} |
36,187 | 35,845 | 570aedcfec8fbc190045b77f | generic | The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls ... | Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation? | {'text': 'the signaling plane', 'answer_start': 55} |
92,193 | 91,851 | 5728dea13acd2414000e00ca | generic | Apollo and the Furies argue about whether the matricide was justified; Apollo holds that the bond of marriage is sacred and Orestes was avenging his father, whereas the Erinyes say that the bond of blood between mother and son is more meaningful than the bond of marriage. They invade his temple, and he says that the ma... | Who was accused of matricide? | {'text': 'Orestes', 'answer_start': 124} |
108,319 | 107,977 | 572efb9cc246551400ce4821 | generic | The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that it was called an "abominable mystery" by Charles Darwin. However, the fossil record has considerably grown since the time of Darwin, and recently discovered angiosperm fossils s... | What type of fossil is the recently discovered Archaefructus? | {'text': 'angiosperm', 'answer_start': 300} |
130,018 | 129,676 | 57351665acc1501500bac3fa | generic | Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultura... | What broad range of backgrounds do today's hunters come from? | {'text': 'economic, social, and cultural', 'answer_start': 291} |
37,744 | 37,402 | 5a07d87b3fc8740018207019 | generic | Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it... | What camera detects temperature in the infrared range? | {'text': 'Thermographic cameras', 'answer_start': 0} |
70,080 | 69,738 | 5726bb7e5951b619008f7c4f | generic | Modern Chinese has many homophones; thus the same spoken syllable may be represented by many characters, depending on meaning. A single character may also have a range of meanings, or sometimes quite distinct meanings; occasionally these correspond to different pronunciations. Cognates in the several varieties of Chine... | What has many homophones? | {'text': 'Modern Chinese', 'answer_start': 0} |
21,949 | 21,607 | 56e8fc6799e8941900975f51 | generic | The exhibits include a collection of royal and other funeral effigies (funeral saddle, helm and shield of Henry V), together with other treasures, including some panels of mediaeval glass, 12th-century sculpture fragments, Mary II's coronation chair and replicas of the coronation regalia, and historic effigies of Edwar... | What belonging to Henry V is in the museum? | {'text': 'funeral saddle, helm and shield', 'answer_start': 71} |
57,091 | 56,749 | 57267838dd62a815002e8626 | generic | Napoleon established a political system that historian Martyn Lyons called "dictatorship by plebiscite." Worried by the democratic forces unleashed by the Revolution, but unwilling to ignore them entirely, Napoleon resorted to regular electoral consultations with the French people on his road to imperial power. He draf... | What was the real number of people that took part in the plebiscite that passed Napoleon's constitution? | {'text': '1.5 million', 'answer_start': 717} |
17,100 | 16,758 | 5a54fd87134fea001a0e17af | generic | The Somali Postal Service (Somali Post) is the national postal service of the Federal Government of Somalia. It is part of the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication. | Who runs the Ministry of Information? | {'text': 'The Somali Postal Service', 'answer_start': 0} |
53,932 | 53,590 | 572688fd708984140094c92b | generic | Harry Caray's stamp on the team is perhaps even deeper than that of Brickhouse, although his 17-year tenure, from 1982 to 1997, was half as long. First, Caray had already become a well-known Chicago figure by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade, after having been a St Louis Cardinals icon for 25 years. Caray also... | How long was Harry Caray's tenure with the Cubs? | {'text': '17-year', 'answer_start': 93} |
45,106 | 44,764 | 570fcfe65ab6b81900391037 | generic | Dell became the first company in the information technology industry to establish a product-recycling goal (in 2004) and completed the implementation of its global consumer recycling-program in 2006. On February 6, 2007, the National Recycling Coalition awarded Dell its "Recycling Works" award for efforts to promote pr... | What was Dell the first IT company to establish? | {'text': 'product-recycling goal', 'answer_start': 84} |
34,816 | 34,474 | 5ad26049d7d075001a428fbe | generic | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can't be learned? | {'text': 'constructivist', 'answer_start': 373} |
38,765 | 38,423 | 570c5132b3d812140066d0dd | generic | Around this time, tensions began to arise between what was perceived as president Núñez's dictatorial rule and the nationalistic support group, Boixos Nois. The group, identified with a left-wing separatism, repeatedly demanded the resignation of Núñez and openly defied him through chants and banners at matches. At the... | What political group wanted Nunez to resign the presidency? | {'text': 'Boixos Nois', 'answer_start': 144} |
121,288 | 120,946 | 573158c805b4da19006bd095 | generic | Important fragments survived from the mosaic floor of the Great Palace of Constantinople which was commissioned during Justinian's reign. The figures, animals, plants all are entirely classical but they are scattered before a plain background. The portrait of a moustached man, probably a Gothic chieftain, is considered... | Vine Scroll motifs are classified under what kind of tradition? | {'text': 'Classical', 'answer_start': 644} |
56,397 | 56,055 | 572644315951261400b51963 | generic | As in the Scheiner system, speeds were expressed in 'degrees'. Originally the sensitivity was written as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN"), where the resultant value 1.8 represented the relative base 10 logarithm of the speed. 'Tenths' were later abandoned with DIN 4512:1957-11, and the example above ... | Why did the definition of film speeds change considerably? | {'text': 'to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard', 'answer_start': 497} |
113,748 | 113,406 | 57300d4fb2c2fd14005687a7 | generic | Between 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the on... | When did a series of protests over foreign concessions sales in Iran occur? | {'text': 'Between 1872 and 1905', 'answer_start': 0} |
13,456 | 13,114 | 5acd421407355d001abf3ab7 | generic | Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and ... | What was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Mesolithic Revolution? | {'text': 'Hunting and gathering', 'answer_start': 0} |
53,330 | 52,988 | 5725e99c89a1e219009ac092 | generic | Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannon viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of ... | In what year was the canon image further refined on the Arsenal crest? | {'text': '1925', 'answer_start': 660} |
32,201 | 31,859 | 57095ba39928a81400471547 | generic | Weinreich's identity variant similarly includes the categories of identity diffusion, foreclosure and crisis, but with a somewhat different emphasis. Here, with respect to identity diffusion for example, an optimal level is interpreted as the norm, as it is unrealistic to expect an individual to resolve all their confl... | Those with high levels of identity diffusion are classified as what? | {'text': 'diffused', 'answer_start': 504} |
4,809 | 4,467 | 56d3e0852ccc5a1400d82f10 | generic | Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality. This feeling cau... | McWhorter wrote that the existance of the book was what? | {'text': 'an act of protest', 'answer_start': 579} |
10,916 | 10,574 | 56e48e3239bdeb140034798c | generic | With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent... | What two fields began to grow apart? | {'text': 'architecture and engineering', 'answer_start': 95} |
69,172 | 68,830 | 5a45603519a820001a1eda4b | generic | In Australia, nonprofit organisations include trade unions, charitable entities, co-operatives, universities and hospitals, mutual societies, grass-root and support groups, political parties, religious groups, incorporated associations, not-for-profit companies, trusts and more. Furthermore, they operate across a multi... | What can the employment industry in Australia choose from depending on their needs? | {'text': 'a number of legal forms', 'answer_start': 531} |
23,524 | 23,182 | 56f75adda6d7ea1400e171f8 | generic | A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under that state's domestic law. States are reluctant to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states, and so a "manifest violation" is required such that it would be "objectively evident to any S... | A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under what? | {'text': "that state's domestic law", 'answer_start': 111} |
23,574 | 23,232 | 56f7f1d8a6d7ea1400e172f6 | generic | The Brazilian federal constitution states that the power to enter into treaties is vested in the president and that such treaties must be approved by Congress (articles 84, clause VIII, and 49, clause I). In practice, this has been interpreted as meaning that the executive branch is free to negotiate and sign a treaty,... | In practice the Brazilian president must get the prior approval of what body in order to negotiate and sign a treaty? | {'text': 'Congress', 'answer_start': 400} |
50,612 | 50,270 | 57251e0e0ba9f01400d97c6b | generic | Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was opened. Nine lodges under UGLE existed by the 1950s, and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923. However, the position changed following the revolution, and all lodges were forced to close in 1965. This... | When was a Scottish Lodge formed in Iraq? | {'text': '1923', 'answer_start': 209} |
80,642 | 80,300 | 5acd131507355d001abf336b | generic | Code points in the range U+D800–U+DBFF (1,024 code points) are known as high-surrogate code points, and code points in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF (1,024 code points) are known as low-surrogate code points. A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as... | Which kinds of code points are valid by themselves? | {'text': 'High and low', 'answer_start': 437} |
104,293 | 103,951 | 5a7729db2d6d7f001a4a9f3c | generic | Immigration to the United States of Spanish-speaking Cubans began because of Cuba's political instability upon achieving independence. The deposition of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and the ascension of Fidel Castro's government in 1959 increased Cuban immigration to the United States, hence there are some one mill... | What year did most Spanish start coming to America? | {'text': "The deposition of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and the ascension of Fidel Castro's government in 1959", 'answer_start': 135} |
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