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87,922 | 87,580 | 57282b142ca10214002d9fd7 | generic | On the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation. The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there. In the 1890s the governments of these colonies all held referendum... | What was established when Australia was colonized? | {'text': 'six, eventually self-governing, colonies', 'answer_start': 206} |
91,083 | 90,741 | 5729247faf94a219006aa0e7 | generic | Insects were among the earliest terrestrial herbivores and acted as major selection agents on plants. Plants evolved chemical defenses against this herbivory and the insects, in turn, evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins. Many insects make use of these toxins to protect themselves from their predators. Such ins... | What did plants eventually form against insects? | {'text': 'chemical defenses', 'answer_start': 117} |
76,429 | 76,087 | 57283e793acd2414000df7ab | generic | Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces... | Who arrived to protect the White House? | {'text': 'Muscovites', 'answer_start': 13} |
70,031 | 69,689 | 5aceac4a32bba1001ae4afbc | generic | In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed] Near his birthp... | What was Avicenna's death place? | {'text': 'Bukhara', 'answer_start': 59} |
106,477 | 106,135 | 5ad22e28d7d075001a428659 | generic | Esoteric or Sufi interpretation attempts to unveil the inner meanings of the Quran. Sufism moves beyond the apparent (zahir) point of the verses and instead relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (batin) and metaphysical dimensions of consciousness and existence. According to Sands, esoteric interpretations ar... | What isn't another term for Sufi Quranic interpretation? | {'text': 'Esoteric', 'answer_start': 0} |
6,655 | 6,313 | 56d3831159d6e414001465d3 | generic | Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham. By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released "Beautiful Life" as his coronation single while Beckham released "Champion". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called "Forcefield". | Who came in third on American Idol in season 14? | {'text': 'Jax', 'answer_start': 222} |
77,575 | 77,233 | 5727ec41ff5b5019007d9892 | generic | Over the years a variety of record equalization practices emerged and there was no industry standard. For example, in Europe recordings for years required playback with a bass turnover setting of 250–300 Hz and a treble roll-off at 10,000 Hz ranging from 0 to −5 dB or more. In the US there were more varied practices an... | Which country used the most varied equalization practices? | {'text': 'US', 'answer_start': 282} |
2,368 | 2,026 | 56cd7ca662d2951400fa662b | generic | The advertised battery life on most models is different from the real-world achievable life. For example, the fifth generation 30 GB iPod is advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback. An MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for MP3.com ge... | In what year was Apple sued for issues relating to its battery life? | {'text': '2003', 'answer_start': 372} |
126,995 | 126,653 | 5acec7f432bba1001ae4b3d3 | generic | Despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television, many US police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non-patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time, such as in the detective bureau, and instead maintain policies that limit service in such divisions to a specified period of time... | What do some police departments make detectives never go back to? | {'text': 'patrol duties', 'answer_start': 374} |
70,316 | 69,974 | 572932f2af94a219006aa17b | generic | Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can exp... | What makes Bermuda a popular tourist destination? | {'text': 'pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters', 'answer_start': 10} |
110,627 | 110,285 | 572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7e9 | generic | Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacteria. Filamentous bac... | What does typically Staphylococcus look like? | {'text': 'clusters', 'answer_start': 213} |
89,912 | 89,570 | 5ad40c5b604f3c001a400052 | generic | In 1795, the First Russian Orthodox Church was established in Kodiak. Intermarriage with Alaskan Natives helped the Russian immigrants integrate into society. As a result, an increasing number of Russian Orthodox churches gradually became established within Alaska. Alaska also has the largest Quaker population (by perc... | Which church wasn't established in Kodiak in 1795? | {'text': 'First Russian Orthodox Church', 'answer_start': 13} |
117,638 | 117,296 | 5a653a16c2b11c001a425cbd | generic | These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones. Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of se... | What did each Sumerian city have? | {'text': 'gods', 'answer_start': 95} |
87,545 | 87,203 | 57283a6a3acd2414000df757 | generic | During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, ca... | What other companies did MCA manufacture discs for? | {'text': 'Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros', 'answer_start': 82} |
88,891 | 88,549 | 5a85ac3cb4e223001a8e718a | generic | On the morning of 11 September 2001, 19 men affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners all bound for California. Once the hijackers assumed control of the airliners, they told the passengers that they had the bomb on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met – no passenger... | What cell were the passengers and crew part of? | {'text': 'Hamburg', 'answer_start': 487} |
8,716 | 8,374 | 56dda5109a695914005b957d | generic | The English term polytechnic appeared in the early 19th century, from the French École Polytechnique, an engineering school founded in 1794 in Paris. The French term comes from the Greek πολύ (polú or polý) meaning "many" and τεχνικός (tekhnikós) meaning "arts". | What school founded in 1794 first used a form of the word polytechnic in its name? | {'text': 'École Polytechnique', 'answer_start': 81} |
10,647 | 10,305 | 5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8b | generic | Richard Nixon used national security as a basis for his expansion of power. He asserted, for example, that "the inherent power of the President to safeguard the security of the nation" authorized him to order a wiretap without a judge's warrant. Nixon also asserted that "executive privilege" shielded him from all legis... | Who used the Supreme Court as a basis for expansion of power? | {'text': 'Richard Nixon', 'answer_start': 0} |
29,592 | 29,250 | 5706021475f01819005e7864 | generic | Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake lo... | How do penguins migrate? | {'text': 'by swimming', 'answer_start': 100} |
50,993 | 50,651 | 5725d27dec44d21400f3d635 | generic | The nation's canonical folk songs, known as "Songs of the Land of Israel," deal with the experiences of the pioneers in building the Jewish homeland. The Hora circle dance introduced by early Jewish settlers was originally popular in the Kibbutzim and outlying communities. It became a symbol of the Zionist reconstructi... | What's a flourishing field in Israel? | {'text': 'Modern dance', 'answer_start': 560} |
104,290 | 103,948 | 5a75133997ca42001a521e64 | generic | Immigration to the United States of Spanish-speaking Cubans began because of Cuba's political instability upon achieving independence. The deposition of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and the ascension of Fidel Castro's government in 1959 increased Cuban immigration to the United States, hence there are some one mill... | Most Cubans settled in which southern state? | {'text': 'southern and central Florida', 'answer_start': 369} |
49,689 | 49,347 | 5ad178d7645df0001a2d1d84 | generic | Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to ... | Who died in 1856? | {'text': 'Palmerston', 'answer_start': 0} |
19,190 | 18,848 | 56e6fd9cde9d371400068113 | generic | New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. | From what country did George Hudson hail? | {'text': 'New Zealand', 'answer_start': 0} |
5,801 | 5,459 | 56d1f214e7d4791d009025ab | generic | Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami. | Nirvana and what term carry the same meaning? | {'text': 'Bodhi', 'answer_start': 0} |
54,748 | 54,406 | 572629b789a1e219009ac480 | generic | Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were mostly Greek-speaking, though generally not from Greece itself. The New Testament was written in Greek, and some of it... | In what language was the first book of the Bible conceived? | {'text': 'Greek', 'answer_start': 299} |
105,510 | 105,168 | 572eb73cc246551400ce454d | generic | The person or organization submits a HCP and if approved by the agency (FWS or NMFS), will be issued an Incidental Take Permit (ITP) which allows a certain number of "takes" of the listed species. The permit may be revoked at any time and can allow incidental takes for varying amounts of time. For instance, the San Bru... | How long do ITPs last? | {'text': 'allow incidental takes for varying amounts of time', 'answer_start': 243} |
105,647 | 105,305 | 572e99b7dfa6aa1500f8d1cf | generic | In his Physics, book IV, Aristotle offered numerous arguments against the void: for example, that motion through a medium which offered no impediment could continue ad infinitum, there being no reason that something would come to rest anywhere in particular. Although Lucretius argued for the existence of vacuum in the ... | In what century did believes start to move away from Aristotle's idea regarding a void? | {'text': '14th century', 'answer_start': 670} |
78,069 | 77,727 | 5727b61fff5b5019007d9324 | generic | Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahma... | What being did Ramanuja believe was the personification of Brahman | {'text': 'Vishnu', 'answer_start': 676} |
105,864 | 105,522 | 572ed3f1cb0c0d14000f15f2 | generic | Evaporation and sublimation into a vacuum is called outgassing. All materials, solid or liquid, have a small vapour pressure, and their outgassing becomes important when the vacuum pressure falls below this vapour pressure. In man-made systems, outgassing has the same effect as a leak and can limit the achievable vacuu... | Why can outgassing products ruin a space mission? | {'text': 'obscure optical instruments', 'answer_start': 416} |
106,400 | 106,058 | 572eb6a103f9891900756987 | generic | The astrophysicist Nidhal Guessoum while being highly critical of pseudo-scientific claims made about the Quran, has highlighted the encouragement for sciences that the Quran provides by developing "the concept of knowledge.". He writes: "The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without evidence (And fo... | Whose scholarship on the concept of proof in the Quran does Guessoum cite? | {'text': 'Ghaleb Hasan', 'answer_start': 585} |
27,751 | 27,409 | 56fae2a48f12f31900630239 | generic | The exact number of speakers of Somali is unknown. One source estimates that there are 7.78 million speakers of Somali in Somalia itself and 12.65 million speakers globally. The Somali language is spoken by ethnic Somalis in Greater Somalia and the Somali diaspora. | Along with Greater Somalia ethnic Somalis, who speaks Somali? | {'text': 'the Somali diaspora', 'answer_start': 245} |
66,320 | 65,978 | 5ad0b25f645df0001a2d009a | generic | In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, "Edmund Burke's Club", which, in 1770, merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society; it is the oldest undergradu... | Who did Edmund Burke's Club split from? | {'text': "TCD's Historical Club", 'answer_start': 231} |
45,017 | 44,675 | 5ad369a5604f3c001a3fe107 | generic | Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television, the Internet, magazines, catalogs and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, free bonus products (such as Dell printers), and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave o... | Where does Dell take less of its purchases for its products? | {'text': 'Internet', 'answer_start': 579} |
99,713 | 99,371 | 572b4537f75d5e190021fd57 | generic | Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained... | Where were James's pragmatism and radical empiricism intertwined? | {'text': "in James's published lectures", 'answer_start': 273} |
10,729 | 10,387 | 56de2d214396321400ee2633 | generic | The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an... | Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? | {'text': 'John Ruskin', 'answer_start': 37} |
82,074 | 81,732 | 5727c7a7ff5b5019007d950e | generic | The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in w... | According to the functional interpretation, what principle is opposite of the rule of man? | {'text': 'rule of law', 'answer_start': 121} |
56,958 | 56,616 | 5726cd9edd62a815002e90b5 | generic | Mexico City is Latin America's leading center for the television, music and film industries. It is also Mexico's most important for the printed media and book publishing industries. Dozens of daily newspapers are published, including El Universal, Excélsior, Reforma and La Jornada. Other major papers include Milenio, C... | What is one of the main papers of Mexico City? | {'text': 'El Universal', 'answer_start': 234} |
35,777 | 35,435 | 570aa9616d058f1900183047 | generic | The approaching era of jet travel, and a series of midair collisions (most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision), prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. This legislation gave the CAA's functions to a new independent body, the Federal Aviation Agency. The act transferred air safety regulati... | Who did the Federal Aviation Act transfer air safety regulation from? | {'text': 'CAB', 'answer_start': 332} |
18,070 | 17,728 | 5ad13bc6645df0001a2d130c | generic | In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as "Uncle Carl." ... | What did Nash Ogden say about Uncle Carl? | {'text': '"Uncle Carl Laemmle/Has a very large faemmle."', 'answer_start': 358} |
11,093 | 10,751 | 5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d0488 | generic | The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | On what date was the 2012 Human Development Report released? | {'text': 'November 4, 2010', 'answer_start': 92} |
4,014 | 3,672 | 56cf1aa6aab44d1400b88d85 | generic | The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirem... | In what year was the Empire State Building completed? | {'text': '1931', 'answer_start': 242} |
72,991 | 72,649 | 5727a85fff5b5019007d920f | generic | The World Health Organization declared TB a "global health emergency" in 1993, and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis that aims to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015. A number of targets they have set are not likely to be achieved by 2015, mostly due to the incr... | In what year did the WHO say tuberculosis was a "global health emergency"? | {'text': '1993', 'answer_start': 73} |
111,217 | 110,875 | 5ad24400d7d075001a428a32 | generic | The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism wa... | What event was used to celebrate the birth of Homer in the same year? | {'text': 'Olympic Games', 'answer_start': 165} |
36,631 | 36,289 | 570b212d6b8089140040f75f | generic | When the Xbox 360 was released, Microsoft's online gaming service Xbox Live was shut down for 24 hours and underwent a major upgrade, adding a basic non-subscription service called Xbox Live Silver (later renamed Xbox Live Free) to its already established premium subscription-based service (which was renamed Gold). Xbo... | What was the "color" name given to the premium version of Xbox Live? | {'text': 'Gold', 'answer_start': 310} |
51,885 | 51,543 | 5725ebb3ec44d21400f3d755 | generic | Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls an... | When did the Hospital Vilardebo open? | {'text': '21 May 1880', 'answer_start': 147} |
100,199 | 99,857 | 572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8466 | generic | Czech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to change "Peter killed P... | Because word order is flexible in Czech, what does it tend to actually be used for? | {'text': 'topicalization and focus', 'answer_start': 117} |
103,746 | 103,404 | 572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d255 | generic | Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, pe... | When Neptune's dark spots migrate too close to the equator, what do they do? | {'text': 'dissipate', 'answer_start': 560} |
66,105 | 65,763 | 5726a83edd62a815002e8c2e | generic | The coastline of Norfolk Island consists, to varying degrees, of cliff faces. A downward slope exists towards Slaughter Bay and Emily Bay, the site of the original colonial settlement of Kingston. There are no safe harbour facilities on Norfolk Island, with loading jetties existing at Kingston and Cascade Bay. All good... | Where can you go to surf on Norfolk Island? | {'text': 'Anson and Ball Bays', 'answer_start': 551} |
23,093 | 22,751 | 56f89372a6d7ea1400e17777 | generic | Southampton is divided into council wards, suburbs, constituencies, ecclesiastical parishes, and other less formal areas. It has a number of parks and green spaces, the largest being the 148 hectare Southampton Common, parts of which are used to host the annual summer festivals, circuses and fun fairs. The Common inclu... | What wildlife center is located in Southampton Common? | {'text': 'Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre', 'answer_start': 324} |
120,542 | 120,200 | 57312435497a881900248ba1 | generic | In nature, the red color of blood comes from hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein found in the red blood cells of all vertebrates. The red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide. It also causes the red color of the planet Mars. The red sky... | From where does the color red in blood come from? | {'text': 'hemoglobin', 'answer_start': 45} |
32,745 | 32,403 | 57096f48ed30961900e84117 | generic | Computer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as... | What is computer security also known as? | {'text': 'cybersecurity or IT security', 'answer_start': 33} |
34,584 | 34,242 | 570a14c14103511400d5955e | generic | A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from t... | What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust? | {'text': 'Modern art', 'answer_start': 827} |
26,641 | 26,299 | 56f959f79e9bad19000a086b | generic | During the 1920s and 1930s, British civil servants and politicians, looking back at the performance of the state during World War I, concluded that there was a need for greater co-ordination between the three Services that made up the armed forces of the United Kingdom—the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Ai... | What post did Lord Chatfield hold until 1940? | {'text': 'Minister for Coordination of Defence', 'answer_start': 634} |
123,007 | 122,665 | 5731bfaae17f3d1400422391 | generic | The Protestant movement began to diverge into several distinct branches in the mid-to-late 16th century. One of the central points of divergence was controversy over the Eucharist. Early Protestants rejected the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation, which teaches that the bread and wine used in the sacrificial ri... | Whose body and blood is considered present in Holy Communion? | {'text': 'Christ', 'answer_start': 496} |
85,314 | 84,972 | 5a7a6e3c21c2de001afe9c34 | generic | The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with o... | What language is the ECB website banned in? | {'text': 'English', 'answer_start': 441} |
118,015 | 117,673 | 57313831497a881900248c74 | generic | Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (a... | Where on Tuvalu is the highest elevation? | {'text': 'Niulakita', 'answer_start': 237} |
50,336 | 49,994 | 5724eebf0a492a190043567b | generic | In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on t... | Who do the Protestant anti-Masons believe is the absolute authority on the use of mysticism, Satanism and occultism in Freemasonry? | {'text': 'Albert Pike', 'answer_start': 192} |
6,102 | 5,760 | 56d21eb1e7d4791d0090266a | generic | American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment, and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most succ... | What British show is American Idols format based on? | {'text': 'Pop Idol', 'answer_start': 270} |
101,279 | 100,937 | 5a0f5627decec90018475576 | generic | Play stops when the ball carrier's knee, elbow, or any other body part aside from the feet and hands, is forced to the ground (a tackle); when a forward pass is not caught on the fly (during a scrimmage); when a touchdown (see below) or a field goal is scored; when the ball leaves the playing area by any means (being c... | What parts of the ball carriers forward progress won't stop play when touching the ground? | {'text': 'feet and hands', 'answer_start': 86} |
115,668 | 115,326 | 5a65e2dec2b11c001a425db3 | generic | There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South... | When did a district court order the FDA to stop approving animals? | {'text': 'March 2012', 'answer_start': 262} |
10,492 | 10,150 | 5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42f | generic | Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the Pre... | In which country does Congress have shared lawmaking responsibilities? | {'text': 'United States', 'answer_start': 49} |
65,726 | 65,384 | 5a21c32a8a6e4f001aa08ea4 | generic | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | What viewpoint influenced doctrine within the New World at the time? | {'text': 'The Iroquois philosophy', 'answer_start': 318} |
124,019 | 123,677 | 57323937e99e3014001e65ac | generic | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | Does minority leader act solely to advance party objectives? | {'text': 'in consultation with other party colleagues', 'answer_start': 55} |
54,240 | 53,898 | 5726e1be5951b619008f8149 | generic | In the last two weeks of February 1951, Operation Roundup was followed by Operation Killer, carried out by the revitalized Eighth Army. It was a full-scale, battlefront-length attack staged for maximum exploitation of firepower to kill as many KPA and PVA troops as possible. Operation Killer concluded with I Corps re-o... | What signified the end of Operation Killer? | {'text': 'capturing Hoengseong', 'answer_start': 380} |
66,235 | 65,893 | 5726bff8dd62a815002e8f50 | generic | Australian citizens and residents from other parts of the nation now have automatic right of residence on the island after meeting these criteria (Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012). Australian citizens must carry either a passport or a Document of Identity to travel to Norfolk Island. Citizens of all other nation... | What automatic right do Australian citizens and residents have on Norfolk Island after meeting the criteria in Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012? | {'text': 'automatic right of residence', 'answer_start': 74} |
130,270 | 129,928 | 5735be65e853931400426b18 | generic | The base of the stupa has 108 small depictions of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha. It is surrounded with a brick wall with 147 niches, each with four or five prayer wheels engraved with the mantra, om mani padme hum. At the northern entrance where visitors must pass is a shrine dedicated to Ajima, the goddess of smallpox. E... | Visitors from what faith routinely visit the stupa? | {'text': 'Tibetan Buddhist', 'answer_start': 354} |
115,294 | 114,952 | 5ad3d1ff604f3c001a3ff22b | generic | It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and ... | What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to nonreligion? | {'text': 'primordial nature of God', 'answer_start': 429} |
45,236 | 44,894 | 5ad35717604f3c001a3fdde3 | generic | In 1986, Michael Dell brought in Lee Walker, a 51-year-old venture capitalist, as president and chief operating officer, to serve as Michael's mentor and implement Michael's ideas for growing the company. Walker was also instrumental in recruiting members to the board of directors when the company went public in 1988. ... | What was Morton Dell's position at his former company? | {'text': 'CEO and president', 'answer_start': 405} |
301 | 301 | 138435 | pubqa | On 25 March 2012, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) was notified about several cases of gastroenteritis in schoolchildren following a stay at a Norwegian holiday farm. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in faecal samples from some of the children. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in school-... | What is the event?
| {'answer_id': 274859, 'document_id': 450393, 'question_id': 138435, 'text': 'several cases of gastroenteritis', 'answer_start': 85, 'answer_category': 'LONG'} |
96,752 | 96,410 | 572a45ddaf94a219006aa91e | generic | The first military unit of the Ottoman State was an army that was organized by Osman I from the tribesmen inhabiting the hills of western Anatolia in the late 13th century. The military system became an intricate organization with the advance of the Empire. The Ottoman military was a complex system of recruiting and fi... | From where did tribesmen that formed a unit organized by Osman I originate? | {'text': 'the hills of western Anatolia', 'answer_start': 117} |
3,420 | 3,078 | 56d5307f2593cc1400307abf | generic | One rescue team reported only 2,300 survivors from the town of Yingxiu in Wenchuan County, out of a total population of about 9,000. 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan alone; in the same location, 10,000 people were injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed. The old county seat of Beich... | What is the number of schools that collapsed in Dujiangyan? | {'text': 'Eight schools', 'answer_start': 395} |
18,711 | 18,369 | 5ad4fd665b96ef001a10a8a1 | generic | Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of sur... | What are chalk, china clay and pulp an example of? | {'text': 'fillers', 'answer_start': 38} |
33,828 | 33,486 | 5a8cc8f2fd22b3001a8d8e6a | generic | Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol ₥), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol ¢), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dolla... | In what legislation was the term "denomination" used? | {'text': 'Coinage Act of 1792', 'answer_start': 1635} |
63,208 | 62,866 | 5726d0525951b619008f7ecd | generic | On 17 April 2015, The Sun's columnist Katie Hopkins called migrants to Britain "cockroaches" and "feral humans" and said they were "spreading like the norovirus". Her remarks were condemned by the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights. In a statement released on 24 April 2015, High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al ... | Which organization sharply rebuked Hopkins' comments? | {'text': 'the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights', 'answer_start': 193} |
32,635 | 32,293 | 59fc23cca9fb160018f10da6 | generic | The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Animal communication can be defined as any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal. The study of animal communication, called zoo semiotics (distinguishable from anthroposemiotics, the study ... | What is defined as any one behavior of all animals that affects the current or future behavior of another animal? | {'text': 'Animal communication', 'answer_start': 84} |
47,202 | 46,860 | 571a2a2510f8ca1400304f1a | generic | The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration, which means that information is not retained indefinitely. By contrast, long-term memory can store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration (sometimes a whole life span). Its capac... | If a memory that is stored in with long term-memories, how long can you possibly rememeber it? | {'text': 'sometimes a whole life span)', 'answer_start': 281} |
43,525 | 43,183 | 570e38fd0b85d914000d7d99 | generic | At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa... | What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period? | {'text': 'Mudaito Dynasty', 'answer_start': 501} |
36,212 | 35,870 | 5a1f7b8554a786001a36b2dd | generic | Videophone calls (also: videocalls, video chat as well as Skype and Skyping in verb form), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups. However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software clie... | What is an example of a teleconferencing program? | {'text': 'Skype', 'answer_start': 58} |
82,989 | 82,647 | 572800904b864d19001641d3 | generic | Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show. Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin's Tale and Purple Crayon Players. Its umbrella organization—the Student Theatre Coalition, or StuC... | Who is the Waa-Muu show primarily written and produced by? | {'text': 'students', 'answer_start': 157} |
43,484 | 43,142 | 570e334b0b85d914000d7d3c | generic | However, Eritrea still faces many challenges. Despite number of physicians increasing from only 0.2 in 1993 to 0.5 in 2004 per 1000 population, this is still very low. Malaria and tuberculosis are common in Eritrea. HIV prevalence among the 15–49 group exceeds 2%. The fertility rate is at about 5 births per woman. Mate... | As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea? | {'text': '28.3%', 'answer_start': 537} |
18,589 | 18,247 | 56e43df08c00841900fbaf61 | generic | Many of the coinages that have been considered (often by Aavik himself) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish. Aavik had a broad classical education and knew Ancient Greek, Latin and French. Con... | What languages did Aavik know? | {'text': 'Ancient Greek, Latin and French', 'answer_start': 284} |
124,123 | 123,781 | 5731f6af0fdd8d15006c669e | generic | The Armenian Highland lies in the highlands surrounding Mount Ararat, the highest peak of the region. In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). Soon a... | What era was the Hittite Empire in? | {'text': 'the Bronze Age', 'answer_start': 105} |
56,491 | 56,149 | 5a67adf2f038b7001ab0c41e | generic | Upon exposure, the amount of light energy that reaches the film determines the effect upon the emulsion. If the brightness of the light is multiplied by a factor and the exposure of the film decreased by the same factor by varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture, so that the energy received is the same, the fil... | How is the brightness of a light changed? | {'text': "varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture", 'answer_start': 223} |
73,744 | 73,402 | 5a8ca135fd22b3001a8d8c30 | generic | In the 51 years prior to the Empire Stadium opening, the final (including 8 replays) was held in a variety of locations, predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace. It was played 22 times in the Oval (the inaugural competition in 1872, and then all but two times until 1892). Afte... | Where do the least amount of FA cup finals take place? | {'text': 'predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace', 'answer_start': 121} |
105,983 | 105,641 | 572ed370c246551400ce46f5 | generic | During the turbulent reign of Wang Mang, Han lost control over the Tarim Basin, which was conquered by the Northern Xiongnu in AD 63 and used as a base to invade Han's Hexi Corridor in Gansu. Dou Gu (d. 88 AD) defeated the Northern Xiongnu at the Battle of Yiwulu in AD 73, evicting them from Turpan and chasing them as ... | Who was the Protector General of the Western Regions? | {'text': 'Chen Mu', 'answer_start': 434} |
109,616 | 109,274 | 572f926ab2c2fd140056820b | generic | The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial state of a person with chronic pain. Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy (1988) found three classes of chronic pain patient: "(a) dysfunctional, people who perceived the severity of their pain to be high, reported that... | What should MPI characterization of a person be combined with for deriving the most useful case descriptions? | {'text': 'their IASP five-category pain profile', 'answer_start': 835} |
128,191 | 127,849 | 5733c3184776f419006611c5 | generic | On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching ba... | What is notable about the Notre Dame marching band? | {'text': 'oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States', 'answer_start': 420} |
102,946 | 102,604 | 5ad4c2c45b96ef001a109f98 | generic | Also in 2005, Spielberg directed a modern adaptation of War of the Worlds (a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks), based on the H. G. Wells book of the same name (Spielberg had been a huge fan of the book and the original 1953 film). It starred Tom Cruise and Dakota Fanning, and, as with past Spielberg films, Ind... | What was Dakota Fanning's first movie? | {'text': 'War of the Worlds', 'answer_start': 56} |
56,835 | 56,493 | 572694bef1498d1400e8e469 | generic | In the late 1970s many arterial roads were redesigned as ejes viales; high-volume one-way roads that cross, in theory, Mexico City proper from side to side. The eje vial network is based on a quasi-Cartesian grid, with the ejes themselves being called Eje 1 Poniente, Eje Central, and Eje 1 Oriente, for example, for the... | What main road leads to the airport? | {'text': 'The Viaducto Miguel Alemán', 'answer_start': 1009} |
45,714 | 45,372 | 5ad3f79b604f3c001a3ffa2c | generic | James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tab... | According to Tabak, what percentage of habeas corpus petitions were granted to death row inmates between 1978 and 1993 | {'text': '47', 'answer_start': 484} |
74,543 | 74,201 | 572787eb708984140094e022 | generic | This situation prevailed until 1639, when most of Alsace was conquered by France so as to keep it out of the hands of the Spanish Habsburgs, who wanted a clear road to their valuable and rebellious possessions in the Spanish Netherlands. Beset by enemies and seeking to gain a free hand in Hungary, the Habsburgs sold th... | How much did France pay for Sundgau? | {'text': '1.2 million Thalers', 'answer_start': 424} |
40,764 | 40,422 | 570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d51 | generic | The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S... | Which country had the most severe case? | {'text': 'Soviet Union', 'answer_start': 30} |
93,179 | 92,837 | 5a513c24ce860b001aa3fc4d | generic | Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states (German: Bundesland, or Land).[a] Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty. With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berl... | What is one of Germany's constituent states? | {'text': 'Hamburg', 'answer_start': 327} |
94,660 | 94,318 | 572a23651d046914007797d1 | generic | Roman Catholic and more traditional Protestant clergy wear green vestments at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary Time. In the Eastern Catholic Church, green is the color of Pentecost. Green is one of the Christmas colors as well, possibly dating back to pre-Christian times, when evergreens were worshiped for their... | What color vestments do Roman Catholic and traditional Protestant clergy wear at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary time? | {'text': 'green', 'answer_start': 59} |
5,600 | 5,258 | 56d1c8b3e7d4791d00902188 | generic | Gautama was now determined to complete his spiritual quest. At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment. After many days, he finally destroyed the fetters of his mind, thereby liberat... | What type of tree was the Bodhi Tree? | {'text': 'Ficus religiosa', 'answer_start': 116} |
107,455 | 107,113 | 572f2fa3a23a5019007fc4be | generic | In Britain's "imperial century", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation". Alongside... | What was Britain's foreign policy called? | {'text': 'splendid isolation', 'answer_start': 290} |
39,790 | 39,448 | 570e58ee0dc6ce1900204f75 | generic | In 2012, the city contained a total of 594 high-rise buildings, with 8 under construction, 71 planned and 39 at proposal stage making the city's skyline the second largest in Australia. The CBD is dominated by modern office buildings including the Rialto Towers (1986), built on the site of several grand classical Victo... | Who designed the Rialto Building in 1889? | {'text': 'William Pitt', 'answer_start': 390} |
129,307 | 128,965 | 57341bef4776f41900661898 | generic | One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first use... | What must an infectious agent only be identified in to satisfy the first of Koch's postulates? | {'text': 'patients and not in healthy controls', 'answer_start': 184} |
97,888 | 97,546 | 572a7aff34ae481900deab39 | generic | As Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a "spurt" of establishment of madaris in the 11th and 12th ... | When did more madaris begin to form more rapidly? | {'text': '11th and 12th centuries', 'answer_start': 306} |
54,045 | 53,703 | 5726323e89a1e219009ac54d | generic | By spring 1950, Stalin believed the strategic situation had changed. The Soviets had detonated their first nuclear bomb in September 1949; American soldiers had fully withdrawn from Korea; the Americans had not intervened to stop the communist victory in China, and Stalin calculated that the Americans would be even les... | Who was convinced that the US did was no longer interested in Korea? | {'text': 'Stalin', 'answer_start': 266} |
48,404 | 48,062 | 5ad3765b604f3c001a3fe33f | generic | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What do RRE inhibitors do? | {'text': 'reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients', 'answer_start': 540} |
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