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Selenizza is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen found in the native asphalt deposit of Selenice, in Albania, the only European asphalt mine still in use. The rock asphalt is found in the form of veins, filling cracks in a more or less horizontal direction. The bitumen content varies from 83% to 92% (solubl...
How is the rock asphalt mainly found?
{'text': 'veins', 'answer_start': 208}
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It was during this decade that vocal house became firmly established, both in the underground and as part of the pop market, and labels such as Defected Records, Roule and Om were at the forefront of championing the emerging sound. In the mid-2000s, fusion genres such as electro house and fidget house emerged.[citation...
in what time period did fusion genres of house emerge?
{'text': 'mid-2000s', 'answer_start': 239}
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Originally, each branch and agency of the U.S. government was responsible for maintaining its own documents, which often resulted in records loss and destruction. Congress established the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping, with the Archivist of the United States as chief admin...
In what year was The National Archives merged with GSA?
{'text': '1949', 'answer_start': 381}
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In Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress. To be...
In Theravada Buddhism, what is the cause of human existence and suffering?
{'text': 'craving', 'answer_start': 83}
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Gorbachev also radically expanded the scope of Glasnost, stating that no subject was off-limits for open discussion in the media. Even so, the cautious Soviet intelligentsia took almost a year to begin pushing the boundaries to see if he meant what he said. For the first time, the Communist Party leader had appealed ov...
What group wanted to stop reforms?
{'text': '"conservatives."', 'answer_start': 531}
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When John DeStefano, Jr., became mayor of New Haven in 1995, he outlined a plan to transform the city into a major cultural and arts center in the Northeast, which involved investments in programs and projects other than sports franchises. As nearby Bridgeport built new sports facilities, the brutalist New Haven Colise...
Who was the mayor for the city in the late 90s?
{'text': 'John DeStefano, Jr', 'answer_start': 5}
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In terms of school casualties, thousands of school children died due to shoddy construction. In Mianyang City, seven schools collapsed, burying at least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings throughout the province collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and sta...
How many school buildings fell in the entire province?
{'text': '7,000', 'answer_start': 176}
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Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Pa...
What can result from visual stimulus?
{'text': 'priming', 'answer_start': 1130}
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On the other hand, the lack of an effective royal justice system in the Kingdom led to the social conflict known as the Guerras Irmandiñas ('Wars of the brotherhoods'), when leagues of peasants and burghers, with the support of a number of knights, noblemen, and under legal protection offered by the remote king, topple...
The subsequent reforms were coined as "doma del Reino de Galicia" by who?
{'text': 'Jeronimo Zurita', 'answer_start': 685}
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The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursin...
What is the nursing and teaching college?
{'text': 'The Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki', 'answer_start': 451}
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Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the old...
What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins?
{'text': '2010s', 'answer_start': 212}
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These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions.
What is the term for Catalan Countries?
{'text': 'Països Catalans', 'answer_start': 51}
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Because of space constraints, NARA opened a second facility, known informally as Archives II, in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park campus (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001). Largely because of this proximity, NARA and the University of Maryland engage in cooperative initiatives. The Coll...
What do the National Register of Historic Places and NARA often engage in?
{'text': 'cooperative initiatives', 'answer_start': 287}
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The largest single execution in United States history was the hanging of 38 American Indians convicted of murder and rape during the Dakota War of 1862. They were executed simultaneously on December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota. A single blow from an axe cut the rope that held the large four-sided platform, and the ...
In what year did the Admiralty Court hang 26 pirates in Kansas?
{'text': '1723', 'answer_start': 657}
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Area air defence, the air defence of a specific area or location, (as opposed to point defence), have historically been operated by both armies (Anti-Aircraft Command in the British Army, for instance) and Air Forces (the United States Air Force's CIM-10 Bomarc). Area defence systems have medium to long range and can b...
What was the objective of the MIM-104 Patriot Missile batteries during the first Gulf War?
{'text': 'to cover populated areas', 'answer_start': 658}
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The Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to dev...
What did the people consider Queen Victoria reign to be?
{'text': 'a long period of prosperity for the British people', 'answer_start': 122}
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Examples are 河 hé "river", 湖 hú "lake", 流 liú "stream", 沖 chōng "riptide" (or "flush"), 滑 huá "slippery". All these characters have on the left a radical of three short strokes (氵), which is a reduced form of the character 水 shuǐ meaning "water", indicating that the character has a semantic connection with water. The r...
What process can sometimes seem arbitrary today?
{'text': 'phonetic change', 'answer_start': 674}
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Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing. A recent OECD study suggest that bank re...
What accords possibly contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis?
{'text': 'Basel', 'answer_start': 342}
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A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome), underscoring the conserved nature of the molecular circadian clock through evolution. Many more genetic components of the biological clock are now known. Their ...
What is Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome?
{'text': 'FASPS', 'answer_start': 112}
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Bermuda's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession. It has a subtropical clim...
Who had the highest GDP per capita during the 20th century?
{'text': 'Bermuda', 'answer_start': 113}
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Technology magazine T3 gave the Super Slim model a positive review, stating the console is almost "nostalgic" in the design similarities to the original "fat" model, "While we don’t know whether it will play PS3 games or Blu-ray discs any differently yet, the look and feel of the new PS3 Slim is an obvious homage to th...
What PlayStation 3 model did T3 feel the Super Slim's design was paying homage to?
{'text': 'the original PS3', 'answer_start': 318}
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During the Middle Ages Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail. For Avicenna (Ibn Sina), for example, the tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized ...
What does al-'aql al-fa'il mean?
{'text': 'active intellect', 'answer_start': 772}
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Nintendo also made two turbo controllers for the NES called NES Advantage and the NES Max. Both controllers had a Turbo feature, a feature where one tap of the button represented multiple taps. This feature allowed players to shoot much faster during shooter games. The NES Advantage had two knobs that adjusted the firi...
The NES Max also did not feature what?
{'text': '"Slow" button', 'answer_start': 700}
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One of the central problems in the anthropology of art concerns the universality of 'art' as a cultural phenomenon. Several anthropologists have noted that the Western categories of 'painting', 'sculpture', or 'literature', conceived as independent artistic activities, do not exist, or exist in a significantly differen...
When was Art as Cultural System penned?
{'text': '1983', 'answer_start': 650}
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The family of instruments used, especially in orchestras, grew. A wider array of percussion instruments began to appear. Brass instruments took on larger roles, as the introduction of rotary valves made it possible for them to play a wider range of notes. The size of the orchestra (typically around 40 in the Classical ...
To what number did the size of the orchestra grow to?
{'text': '100', 'answer_start': 341}
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The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recognizes that conflicts may exist between the respect for and implementation of current intellectual property systems and other human rights. In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called "Human rights and intellectual pro...
When did the WIPO adopt 'The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization'?
{'text': '2004', 'answer_start': 749}
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The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island....
The Hudson River separates NYC from which US state?
{'text': 'New Jersey', 'answer_start': 194}
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To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being "structureless", do not have), constructions r...
What is needed to understand structural concepts?
{'text': 'symbolic manipulations', 'answer_start': 46}
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In the early 20th century, many anthropologists accepted and taught the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic with distinct linguistic, cultural, and social groups, while popularly applying that belief to the field of eugenics, in conjunction with a practice that is now called scientific racism. After...
What effect did the Nazi eugenics program have on racial essentialism?
{'text': 'lost widespread popularity', 'answer_start': 368}
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The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr., while working at General Electric Company. Holonyak first reported his LED in the journal Applied Physics Letters on the December 1, 1962. M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improve...
What graduate student of Holonyak created the yellow non-LED?
{'text': 'M. George Craford', 'answer_start': 221}
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While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of...
How many of the ferries connect to the Isle of Wight?
{'text': 'Two', 'answer_start': 175}
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The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha...
When was gymnastics included in the Olympics?
{'text': '1896', 'answer_start': 219}
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The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most ...
What was the Anschluss?
{'text': 'the annexation of Austria by the German Reich', 'answer_start': 223}
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A number of events in 2006 pushed renewable energy up the political agenda, including the US mid-term elections in November, which confirmed clean energy as a mainstream issue. Also in 2006, the Stern Review made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies now, and argued that economic growth need n...
In what year did a number of events push renewable energy up the political agenda?
{'text': '2006', 'answer_start': 22}
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In 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The plebeians called these ...
During what century were reformed passed that allowed laws passed by the plebeians to have the full force of the law?
{'text': '5th century BC', 'answer_start': 433}
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During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother. Oxford fired twice, but either both bullets missed or, as he later claimed, the guns had no sho...
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert had how many more children after Victoria's birth?
{'text': 'eight', 'answer_start': 822}
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Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is kno...
Which is the other name that Madonna is always referred as?
{'text': 'Queen of Pop', 'answer_start': 548}
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The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemplo...
Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change?
{'text': '65%', 'answer_start': 205}
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The two travel to the hotel and discover White's secret room where they find co-ordinates pointing to Oberhauser's operations base in the desert. They travel by train to the nearest station, but are once again confronted by Hinx; they engage in a fight throughout the train in which Mr Hinx is eventually thrown off the ...
Who has been creating a need for the Ten Eyes programme?
{'text': 'Spectre', 'answer_start': 463}
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In March 1949, as RCA released the 45, Columbia released several hundred 7 inch 33 1/3 rpm small spindle hole singles. This format was soon dropped as it became clear that the RCA 45 was the single of choice and the Columbia 12 inch LP would be the 'album' of choice. The first release of the 45 came in seven colors: bl...
When did RCA release the 45?
{'text': 'March 1949', 'answer_start': 3}
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Cultural and career issues in the U.S. Air Force have been cited as one of the reasons for the shortfall in needed UAV operators. In spite of an urgent need for UAVs or drones to provide round the clock coverage for American troops during the Iraq War, the USAF did not establish a new career field for piloting them unt...
During what war the the USAF establish a new career field for piloting UAVs and drones?
{'text': 'Iraq War', 'answer_start': 243}
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Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine.
What is the name for the intermediate dialect formed between Surzhyk and the Russian language?
{'text': 'Ukrainian language', 'answer_start': 28}
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Seattle is located between the saltwater Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) to the west and Lake Washington to the east. The city's chief harbor, Elliott Bay, is part of Puget Sound, which makes the city an oceanic port. To the west, beyond Puget Sound, are the Kitsap Peninsula and Olympic Mountains on the Olymp...
Because Elliott Bay is salt water, what kind of port is Seattle?
{'text': 'oceanic port', 'answer_start': 214}
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In 1816, François Magendie discovered that dogs fed only carbohydrates (sugar), fat (olive oil), and water died evidently of starvation, but dogs also fed protein survived, identifying protein as an essential dietary component. William Prout in 1827 was the first person to divide foods into carbohydrates, fat, and prot...
Which credientials did Liebig lack despite being a leading organic chemist?
{'text': 'animal physiology', 'answer_start': 656}
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Life in the Roman Republic revolved around the city of Rome, and its famed seven hills. The city also had several theatres, gymnasiums, and many taverns, baths and brothels. Throughout the territory under Rome's control, residential architecture ranged from very modest houses to country villas, and in the capital city ...
From what local area in Rome is the word palace borrowed from?
{'text': 'Palatine Hill', 'answer_start': 362}
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Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for T...
What is the name of an Apple-produced iPod accessory?
{'text': 'iPod Hi-Fi', 'answer_start': 128}
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Rule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for example because of negl...
For what reasons might democratic societies not follow the rule of law?
{'text': 'neglect or ignorance of the law', 'answer_start': 316}
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Teeth (singular tooth) are small whitish structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, milk and chew food. Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of tissues of varying density and hardness, such as enamel, dentine and cementum. Human teeth have a blood and nerve supply whic...
Where are teeth found?
{'text': 'in the jaws (or mouths)', 'answer_start': 58}
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After gaining the Master Sword, Link is cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form, obtaining the Shadow Crystal. Now able to use it to switch between both forms at will, Link is led by Midna to the Mirror of Twilight located deep within the Gerudo Desert, the only known gateway between the Twilight Realm and Hyr...
Who was the Mirror of Twilight used to fight prior to Zant?
{'text': 'Ganondorf', 'answer_start': 620}
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In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). After the end of the Portuguese Empire in 1975, the Portuguese Armed Forces have participated in peacekeeping missions in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon....
During which years was the Portuguese Colonial War fought?
{'text': '1961–1974', 'answer_start': 107}
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In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim...
How many signatures were collected by ARV?
{'text': '250,000 signatures', 'answer_start': 790}
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Baptists subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency (liberty), salvation through...
What type of churches are most Baptists churches considered to be?
{'text': 'Protestant', 'answer_start': 539}
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The 1998 edition of Guinness Book of World Records stated: "No female artist has sold more records than Madonna around the world". In 1999 Madonna signed to play a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart but left the project, citing "creative differences" with director Wes Craven. She recorded the single "Beautif...
Which film did Madonna record the single Beautiful Stranger for?
{'text': 'Beautiful Stranger', 'answer_start': 313}
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The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Fi...
In what decade did Herbert Chapman join Arsenal?
{'text': '1930s', 'answer_start': 286}
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In Article 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco between the Allied Powers and Japan, which came into force in April 1952, the U.S. put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus, including the island of Okinawa—home to over 1 million Okinawans related to the Japanese—and the Bonin Islands, the Volcano Islands, and Iwo Jima into U...
Why did the Japanese have troops on Okinawa?
{'text': 'as a defense for Japan', 'answer_start': 488}
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This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE. Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra, give different accounts. Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified ...
Most accept that Buddha lived and taught in what type of order?
{'text': 'monastic', 'answer_start': 424}
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Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In the wine indus...
What kind of grapes are made into vinegar?
{'text': 'fermented', 'answer_start': 110}
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Swaziland's currency is pegged to the South African Rand, subsuming Swaziland's monetary policy to South Africa. Customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union, which may equal as much as 70% of government revenue this year, and worker remittances from South Africa substantially supplement domestically earned i...
What is the currency in Swaziland and South Africa?
{'text': 'Rand', 'answer_start': 52}
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Where there is a distinction, Nasrani refers to people from a Christian culture and Masihi means those with a religious faith in Jesus. In some countries Nasrani tends to be used generically for non-Muslim Western foreigners, e.g. "blond people."
While Masihi refers to people from a Christian culture, what does Nasrani mean?
{'text': 'those with a religious faith in Jesus', 'answer_start': 97}
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After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capit...
During what decade was the Lodhi colony built?
{'text': 'the 1940s', 'answer_start': 572}
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On the northern outskirts of the city, Crownhill Fort is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly". It is owned by the Landmark Trust and is open to the public.
Who runs Crownhill Fort?
{'text': 'the Landmark Trust', 'answer_start': 123}
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Hurricanes pose a severe threat each year during the June 1 to November 30 hurricane season, particularly from August to October. Florida is the most hurricane-prone state, with subtropical or tropical water on a lengthy coastline. Of the category 4 or higher storms that have struck the United States, 83% have either h...
What percentage of category 4 storms hit Florida
{'text': 'category 4 or higher storms that have struck the United States, 83% have either hit Florida or Texas', 'answer_start': 239}
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A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partne...
By whom was a report published in 2011 that demonstrated the Portuguese government encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles?
{'text': 'Diário de Notícias', 'answer_start': 41}
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Red is one of the most common colors used on national flags. The use of red has similar connotations from country to country: the blood, sacrifice, and courage of those who defended their country; the sun and the hope and warmth it brings; and the sacrifice of Christ's blood (in some historically Christian nations) are...
As it relates to England, who is Saint George?
{'text': 'patron saint of England', 'answer_start': 532}
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In what was to become a tradition, Clarkson performed the coronation song during the finale, and released the song immediately after the season ended. The single, "A Moment Like This", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Guarini did not ...
What was the name of the song?
{'text': 'A Moment Like This', 'answer_start': 164}
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The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of November 2008, 67% of registered voters in the city are Democrats. New York City has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election since President Calvin Coolidge won the five boroughs in 1924. In 2012, Democrat Barack Obama bec...
How many boroughs did Barack Obama win in the 2012 presidential election?
{'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 263}
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The Independent State of Samoa ( Samoan: Malo Sa 'oloto Tuto 'atasi o Sāmoa, IPA: [ˌsaːˈmoa]), commonly known as Samoa (Samoan: Sāmoa) and formerly known as Western Samoa, is a Unitary Parliamentary Republic with eleven administrative divisions. The two main islands are Savai'i and Upolu with four smaller islands surro...
About how long ago were the Samoan islands discovered?
{'text': '3,500 years', 'answer_start': 436}
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Astronomers like Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth. Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wi...
Hipparchus measured the precession of what?
{'text': 'Earth', 'answer_start': 152}
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Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ...
What was the last illustrated humor periodical in Britain during the 19th century?
{'text': 'The Glasgow Looking Glass', 'answer_start': 111}
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During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; sibli...
Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence?
{'text': 'increases', 'answer_start': 216}
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Each island has its own high-chief, or ulu-aliki, and several sub-chiefs (alikis). The community council is the Falekaupule (the traditional assembly of elders) or te sina o fenua (literally: "grey-hairs of the land"). In the past, another caste, the priests (tofuga), were also amongst the decision-makers. The ulu-alik...
What is the name of the sub-chiefs in Tuvalu?
{'text': 'alikis', 'answer_start': 74}
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Of the 80 torch-bearers in London, Sir Steve Redgrave, who started the relay, mentioned to the media that he had received e-mailed pleas to boycott the event and could "see why they would like to make an issue" of it. Francesca Martinez and Richard Vaughan refused to carry the torch, while Konnie Huq decided to carry i...
Who was outside at 10 Downing Street to welcome the torch without actually touching it?
{'text': 'Prime Minister Gordon Brown', 'answer_start': 475}
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The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. During the whaling era, which lasted until 1966, the population of that island varied from over 1,000...
What settlements were established on Antarctica?
{'text': 'Grytviken, Leith Harbour, King Edward Point, Stromness, Husvik, Prince Olav Harbour, Ocean Harbour and Godthul', 'answer_start': 492}
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Comcast sold Comcast Cellular to SBC Communications in 1999 for $400 million, releasing them from $1.27 billion in debt. Comcast acquired Greater Philadelphia Cablevision in 1999. In March 1999, Comcast offered to buy MediaOne for $60 billion. However, MediaOne decided to accept AT&T Corporation's offer of $62 billion ...
What month did VeriSign start?
{'text': 'March', 'answer_start': 183}
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Madonna is dedicated to Kabbalah, and in 2004 she adopted the name Esther which in Persian means "star". She has donated millions of dollars to New York and London schools teaching the subject. She faced opposition from rabbis who felt Madonna's adoption of the Kabbalah was sacrilegious and a case of celebrity dilettan...
Which year did she adopt the name Esther?
{'text': '2004', 'answer_start': 41}
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Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001. The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino. The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for...
The new roadway prompted a partnership between which two companies?
{'text': 'Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage', 'answer_start': 125}
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In the later 1890s and into first decade of the 20th century, structural changes occurred in the operation of the Pacific trading companies; they moved from a practice of having traders resident on each island to instead becoming a business operation where the supercargo (the cargo manager of a trading ship) would deal...
What type of traders did the Pacific trading companies cease to use?
{'text': 'resident', 'answer_start': 186}
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In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder.
Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons are members of what musical group?
{'text': 'Kiss', 'answer_start': 102}
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The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and...
What period started right before the breakup of Pannotia?
{'text': 'Paleozoic', 'answer_start': 4}
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On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." T...
America dropped what on August 6, 1945?
{'text': 'atomic bomb', 'answer_start': 38}
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In 2007, it was discovered that the upper troposphere of Neptune's south pole was about 10 K warmer than the rest of its atmosphere, which averages approximately 73 K (−200 °C). The temperature differential is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pol...
How much colder is Neptune's south pole to the rest of it's atmosphere?
{'text': '10 K', 'answer_start': 88}
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Houston was the headquarters of Continental Airlines until its 2010 merger with United Airlines with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year. Bush Intercontinental became United Airlines' largest airline hub. The airline retained a significant operational presence...
Where is United Airlines' smallest air hub?
{'text': 'Bush', 'answer_start': 198}
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Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th...
In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?
{'text': 'the fifth Dalai Lama', 'answer_start': 525}
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Greek demonstrates several linguistic features that are shared with other Balkan languages, such as Albanian, Bulgarian and Eastern Romance languages (see Balkan sprachbund), and has absorbed many foreign words, primarily of Western European and Turkish origin. Because of the movements of Philhellenism and the Diafotis...
What other dialects share a thread with the French language?
{'text': 'Balkan languages', 'answer_start': 74}
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In 1968, Reprise planned to release a series of 78 rpm singles from their artists on their label at the time, called the Reprise Speed Series. Only one disc actually saw release, Randy Newman's I Think It's Going to Rain Today, a track from his self-titled debut album (with The Beehive State on the flipside). Reprise d...
Why did Reprise only release one 78 rpm vinyl?
{'text': 'lack of sales for the single, and a lack of general interest', 'answer_start': 368}
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In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, "the world's first popular browser", which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person. Andreesen's browser sparked the internet boom of the 1990s. The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 –...
When Andreessen left the company he worked for, what new company did he start?
{'text': 'Netscape', 'answer_start': 532}
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The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of ...
What became the dominant form of business organization?
{'text': 'the corporation', 'answer_start': 128}
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These styles generally have either two f-shaped soundholes like a violin (F-5 and A-5), or an oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models) directly under the strings. Much variation exists between makers working from these archetypes, and other variants have become increasingly common. Generally, in the United States...
Where are the soundholes located?
{'text': 'directly under the strings', 'answer_start': 141}
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Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H...
What battle took place on 10 November 1444?
{'text': 'Battle of Varna', 'answer_start': 352}
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With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square ki...
Majority of Egypt people live near what river?
{'text': 'Nile River', 'answer_start': 275}
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When Emperor Constantine I died, Athanasius was allowed to return to his See of Alexandria. Shortly thereafter, however, Constantine's son, the new Roman Emperor Constantius II, renewed the order for Athanasius's banishment in 338. Athanasius went to Rome, where he was under the protection of Constans, the Emperor of t...
Who declared Athanasius to be freed again?
{'text': 'Constantius II', 'answer_start': 162}
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BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each.
How many satellites in the BeiDou-1 system is used for back up?
{'text': 'one', 'answer_start': 120}
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The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015.
Between which years did most of the MP3 patents in the US expire?
{'text': '2007 and 2015', 'answer_start': 277}
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During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. Europea...
When did Cook visit New Zealand and claim the North Island?
{'text': '1769', 'answer_start': 171}
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The console was originally planned for a global release through November, but at the start of September the release in Europe and the rest of the world was delayed until March. With it being a somewhat last-minute delay, some companies had taken deposits for pre-orders, at which Sony informed customers that they were e...
The 80 GB PS3 launched in Singapore when?
{'text': 'March 7, 2007', 'answer_start': 594}
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The chapter house has an original mid-13th-century tiled pavement. A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England.[citation needed] The exterior includes flying buttresses added in the 14th century and a leaded tent-lantern roof on an iron frame designed by Scott. The Cha...
When were the exterior flying buttresses added?
{'text': 'the 14th century', 'answer_start': 229}
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Infants do not have the language ability to report on their memories and so verbal reports cannot be used to assess very young children’s memory. Throughout the years, however, researchers have adapted and developed a number of measures for assessing both infants’ recognition memory and their recall memory. Habituation...
How can a child study a researcher's memory?
{'text': 'elicited imitation techniques', 'answer_start': 431}
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The Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II, which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941, as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand. The Phayap Army sent troops to invade and occupy northeastern Burm...
What role did Thailand play in the war?
{'text': 'temporary alliance', 'answer_start': 127}
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Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. T...
Name the two women present with Mary at the Crucifixion of Jesus?
{'text': 'Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene', 'answer_start': 154}
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Welsh sides that play in English leagues are eligible, although since the creation of the League of Wales there are only six clubs remaining: Cardiff City (the only non-English team to win the tournament, in 1927), Swansea City, Newport County, Wrexham, Merthyr Town and Colwyn Bay. In the early years other teams from W...
What Welsh team has lost a tournament?
{'text': 'Cardiff City', 'answer_start': 142}