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22,662 | 22,320 | 56f7397c711bf01900a44a8b | generic | Because of the vastness and diversity of the territory occupied by Slavic people, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation. In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some nations th... | Pan-Slavism became compromised when what empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests? | {'text': 'Russian Empire', 'answer_start': 383} |
52,251 | 51,909 | 57264a2e708984140094c181 | generic | Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The l... | What's another name for Old Frisian? | {'text': 'Anglo-Frisian', 'answer_start': 506} |
104,488 | 104,146 | 5ad417ee604f3c001a4003cb | generic | Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug... | What season is characterized as long in Charleston? | {'text': 'Winter', 'answer_start': 332} |
64,505 | 64,163 | 5727606bdd62a815002e9bd1 | generic | Certain technological inventions of the period – whether of Arab or Chinese origin, or unique European innovations – were to have great influence on political and social developments, in particular gunpowder, the printing press and the compass. The introduction of gunpowder to the field of battle affected not only mili... | Which invention with military applications helped bring about the nation state? | {'text': 'gunpowder', 'answer_start': 265} |
26,854 | 26,512 | 56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b05 | generic | The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to cre... | The term "high definition" originally described televisions systems from what year? | {'text': '1936', 'answer_start': 95} |
3,561 | 3,219 | 56d672d21c8504140094712a | generic | In 2002, Chinese geologist Chen Xuezhong published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in which he came to the conclusion that beginning with 2003, attention should be paid to the possibility of an earthquake with a magnitude of over 7.0 occurring in Sichuan region. He based his study on statistical correlation. That Sichuan... | In what year did Chen Xuezhong publish an earthquake study? | {'text': '2002', 'answer_start': 3} |
38,660 | 38,318 | 570c0c53ec8fbc190045bc36 | generic | The 1973–74 season saw the arrival of Johan Cruyff, who was bought for a world record £920,000 from Ajax. Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Fran... | When did Cruyff win his third Ballon d'Or? | {'text': '1974', 'answer_start': 888} |
12,666 | 12,324 | 5acd143307355d001abf339c | generic | The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature. Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx. | When did Ludwig Feuerbach die? | {'text': '1841', 'answer_start': 153} |
129,312 | 128,970 | 5a82f50de60761001a2eb252 | generic | One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first use... | What must an infectious agent not be identified in to satisfy the first of Koch's postulates? | {'text': 'patients and not in healthy controls', 'answer_start': 184} |
61,858 | 61,516 | 572695bc5951b619008f7756 | generic | Like the Pagan Empire, Ava, Hanthawaddy and the Shan states were all multi-ethnic polities. Despite the wars, cultural synchronisation continued. This period is considered a golden age for Burmese culture. Burmese literature "grew more confident, popular, and stylistically diverse", and the second generation of Burmese... | Who is the monarch that has some of the most impressive built in their honor in the Myanmar | {'text': 'Mrauk U', 'answer_start': 506} |
13,986 | 13,644 | 56df56bf8bc80c19004e4acf | generic | The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five mont... | What was the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled? | {'text': 'the Russian Republic', 'answer_start': 128} |
33,159 | 32,817 | 57098329200fba14003680e9 | generic | In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamb... | Where was Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer from? | {'text': 'Berlin', 'answer_start': 833} |
39,504 | 39,162 | 5ad17151645df0001a2d1bb9 | generic | Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their po... | What services did Mary perform in the Eastern Church? | {'text': 'Divine Services', 'answer_start': 270} |
87,538 | 87,196 | 572834ffff5b5019007d9f1d | generic | Philips' preferred name for the format was "VLP", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat ("Video long-play disc"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and mid-1970s, Philips also... | What was the first consumer VLP player? | {'text': 'Magnavox VH-8000', 'answer_start': 214} |
5,258 | 4,916 | 56d1134017492d1400aab8ae | generic | For his second album, Late Registration (2005), he collaborated with film score composer Jon Brion and drew influence from non-rap influences such as English trip hop group Portishead. Blending West's primary soulful hip hop production with Brion's elaborate chamber pop orchestration, the album experimentally incorpora... | What composer did Kanye West work with for his second album? | {'text': 'Jon Brion', 'answer_start': 89} |
48,190 | 47,848 | 571cf2c5dd7acb1400e4c1c0 | generic | In 1903 Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of diethylmalonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs. The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade... | What is phenobarbital mainly used to treat today? | {'text': 'epilepsy', 'answer_start': 1128} |
124,375 | 124,033 | 57323d61e17f3d140042276e | generic | From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings. As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each rem... | How many congregations were founded? | {'text': 'Thirty', 'answer_start': 101} |
2,695 | 2,353 | 56d1335f17492d1400aabc15 | generic | A high-definition remaster of the game, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, is being developed by Tantalus Media for the Wii U. Officially announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation on November 12, 2015, it features enhanced graphics and Amiibo functionality. The game will be released in North America and E... | What company is developing the remaster? | {'text': 'Tantalus Media', 'answer_start': 105} |
67,563 | 67,221 | 5ad16d72645df0001a2d1ae0 | generic | An electrostatic motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge. Usually, electrostatic motors are the dual of conventional coil-based motors. They typically require a high-voltage power supply, although very small motors employ lower voltages. Conventional electric motors instead employ magnetic att... | What type of motor is not based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge? | {'text': 'electrostatic', 'answer_start': 3} |
62,592 | 62,250 | 5727502cdd62a815002e9ae7 | generic | But Bt cotton is ineffective against many cotton pests, however, such as plant bugs, stink bugs, and aphids; depending on circumstances it may still be desirable to use insecticides against these. A 2006 study done by Cornell researchers, the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy and the Chinese Academy of Science on ... | On what did a 2009 study conclude that increased insects were dependent? | {'text': 'temperature and rainfall', 'answer_start': 876} |
120,151 | 119,809 | 57314fae05b4da19006bd030 | generic | With Zaifeng gone, Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang commanders effectively dominated Qing politics. He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly, especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy. Similarly, Sun Yat-sen's government wanted a republican constitutional re... | Who led the Qing? | {'text': 'Yuan Shikai', 'answer_start': 19} |
2,568 | 2,226 | 5a8d9f46df8bba001a0f9b2c | generic | After gaining the Master Sword, Link is cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form, obtaining the Shadow Crystal. Now able to use it to switch between both forms at will, Link is led by Midna to the Mirror of Twilight located deep within the Gerudo Desert, the only known gateway between the Twilight Realm and Hyr... | Where is Link located after Zant's defeat? | {'text': 'Hyrule Castle', 'answer_start': 1432} |
40,774 | 40,432 | 570d3c44b3d812140066d5b9 | generic | AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the... | What was the problem with AA gunnery? | {'text': "successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position", 'answer_start': 56} |
48,984 | 48,642 | 5acfb7a577cf76001a685a2d | generic | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | Who reintroduced the old division? | {'text': 'Marwan II', 'answer_start': 600} |
114,752 | 114,410 | 5a629fa4f8d794001af1c168 | generic | This influx was compounded by the decline of the Western Sudanic Mali Empire in 1375 and the Songhai Empire in 1591. Additionally, as inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter coast. These new inhabitants brought skills such as cotton spinning, cloth weaving, iron smelting, rice and sorg... | Who conquered Mongolia? | {'text': 'the Mane', 'answer_start': 424} |
61,228 | 60,886 | 5726ae265951b619008f7a21 | generic | The Immaculate Collection, Madonna's first greatest-hits compilation album, was released in November 1990. It included two new songs, "Justify My Love" and "Rescue Me". The album was certified diamond by RIAA and sold over 30 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling compilation album by a solo artist in hist... | What is one of the title of the songs that was released in the Immaculate Collection? | {'text': 'Justify My Love', 'answer_start': 135} |
51,214 | 50,872 | 5725de2a38643c19005ace0c | generic | The kingdom grew to its largest extent under Mithridates VI, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Lesser Armenia, the Bosporan Kingdom, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. Mithridates VI, himself of mixed Persian and Greek ancestry, presente... | Who called themselves King Mithridates Eupator Dionysus? | {'text': 'Mithridates VI', 'answer_start': 251} |
38,044 | 37,702 | 5a8cb474fd22b3001a8d8d7a | generic | Habitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to "trivial" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effectively destroys habitat ... | What is systematically related to the numbers of communities? | {'text': 'Habitat size', 'answer_start': 0} |
105,512 | 105,170 | 572eb73cc246551400ce454f | generic | The person or organization submits a HCP and if approved by the agency (FWS or NMFS), will be issued an Incidental Take Permit (ITP) which allows a certain number of "takes" of the listed species. The permit may be revoked at any time and can allow incidental takes for varying amounts of time. For instance, the San Bru... | How long does the public have to comment on ITP applications? | {'text': '30 to 90 days', 'answer_start': 760} |
123,372 | 123,030 | 5731dbdf0fdd8d15006c65a7 | generic | Brasília has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) according to the Köppen system, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, from October to April, and a dry season, from May to September. The average temperature is 20.6 °C (69.1 °F). September, at the end of the dry season, has the highest average maximum temperature, 28... | When is Brasilia's dry season? | {'text': 'May to September', 'answer_start': 168} |
8,571 | 8,229 | 56dd260266d3e219004dac14 | generic | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission ... | What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights? | {'text': 'House of Commons', 'answer_start': 333} |
39,099 | 38,757 | 5ad3a190604f3c001a3fe9ef | generic | The FBI is near-impenetrable, with applicants intensely scrutinized and assessed over an extended period. To apply to become an FBI agent, one must be between the ages of 23 and 37. Due to the decision in Robert P. Isabella v. Department of State and Office of Personnel Management, 2008 M.S.P.B. 146, preference-eligibl... | How do CIA personnel receive a security clearance? | {'text': 'pass a series of Single Scope Background Investigations', 'answer_start': 933} |
86,779 | 86,437 | 572809ab2ca10214002d9c3a | generic | The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations, starting with Évariste Galois in the 1830s. After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies gr... | What are smaller and easier to understand groups broken down into? | {'text': 'subgroups, quotient groups and simple groups.', 'answer_start': 480} |
63,704 | 63,362 | 5acf84ba77cf76001a685097 | generic | In Arthurian legend, Avalon became associated with Glastonbury Tor when monks at Glastonbury Abbey claimed to have discovered the bones of King Arthur and his queen. What is more certain is that Glastonbury was an important religious centre by 700 and claims to be "the oldest above-ground Christian church in the World"... | Where was Muchelney Abbey? | {'text': 'Stratton-on-the-Fosse', 'answer_start': 1203} |
12,185 | 11,843 | 56df80585ca0a614008f9b78 | generic | To the west of the city is Devonport, one of Plymouth's historic quarters. As part of Devonport's millennium regeneration project, the Devonport Heritage Trail has been introduced, complete with over 70 waymarkers outlining the route. | How many waymarkers are present on the Devonport Heritage Trail? | {'text': 'over 70', 'answer_start': 195} |
86,807 | 86,465 | 5a81bcfc31013a001a334e1b | generic | The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagr... | What was Augustin Louis Cauchy's nationality? | {'text': 'French', 'answer_start': 223} |
9,268 | 8,926 | 5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6e | generic | In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination. This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants. In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning o... | What did disagreement about the Synod of Dort become known as? | {'text': 'the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants.', 'answer_start': 152} |
82,798 | 82,456 | 5ad2be09d7d075001a42a0c2 | generic | Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenur... | In 1999, who uncovered information that exonerated death row inmate Anthony Porter only 4 days before his scheduled death? | {'text': 'Northwestern student journalists', 'answer_start': 498} |
74,065 | 73,723 | 572779a2dd62a815002e9dfb | generic | The city has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside... | What is the name of the neighborhood in New Haven that rests between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers, and is comprised primarily of an immigrant community? | {'text': 'Fair Haven', 'answer_start': 623} |
24,300 | 23,958 | 56f7e80ba6d7ea1400e172a7 | generic | Mieszko I of Poland (c. 935 – 25 May 992) established an elite knightly retinue from within his army, which he depended upon for success in uniting the Lekhitic tribes and preserving the unity of his state. Documented proof exists of Mieszko I's successors utilizing such a retinue, as well. | WHo established an elite knightly retinue? | {'text': 'Mieszko I of Poland', 'answer_start': 0} |
23,247 | 22,905 | 56f8c7d79e9bad19000a04b8 | generic | Southampton was named "fittest city in the UK" in 2006 by Men's Fitness magazine. The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership. In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks... | What year did Banister Court Stadium close its doors for good? | {'text': '1963', 'answer_start': 618} |
89,812 | 89,470 | 5ad40600604f3c001a3ffe38 | generic | Another 44 million acres (18 million hectares) are owned by 12 regional, and scores of local, Native corporations created under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971. Regional Native corporation Doyon, Limited often promotes itself as the largest private landowner in Alaska in advertisements and other... | Which group claims it is Alaska's largest public land owner? | {'text': 'Doyon, Limited', 'answer_start': 213} |
55,591 | 55,249 | 57262779271a42140099d5ee | generic | The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company als... | who commanded the factories owned by the East India company? | {'text': 'factor or master merchant and governor', 'answer_start': 658} |
89,789 | 89,447 | 5ad404f3604f3c001a3ffdf5 | generic | With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occ... | How high does Mount Shishaldin rise below sea level? | {'text': '10,000 feet', 'answer_start': 363} |
1,016 | 674 | 56bed22d3aeaaa14008c94c2 | generic | In October 2014, it was announced that Beyoncé with her management company Parkwood Entertainment would be partnering with London-based fashion retailer Topshop, in a new 50/50 split subsidiary business named Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd. The new division was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market, wi... | After their agreement together, Beyonce's and Topshop" new business was called what? | {'text': 'Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd', 'answer_start': 209} |
91,387 | 91,045 | 5728d9f14b864d1900164f8e | generic | The first post-Classical published classification of humans into distinct races seems to be François Bernier's Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it"), published in 1684. In the 18th century the differe... | What race was typically ascribed the most desirable features? | {'text': 'White', 'answer_start': 591} |
126,678 | 126,336 | 57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a1d | generic | During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the... | What was the largest ocean during the Permian called? | {'text': 'Panthalassa', 'answer_start': 280} |
40,397 | 40,055 | 5ad53b0a5b96ef001a10abb5 | generic | The Macintosh SE was released at the same time as the Macintosh II for $2900 (or $3900 with hard drive), as the first compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot. The SE's expansion slot was located inside the case along with the CRT, potentially exposing an upgrader to high voltage. For this rea... | What was the last compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot? | {'text': 'The Macintosh SE', 'answer_start': 0} |
94,663 | 94,321 | 572a23651d046914007797d4 | generic | Roman Catholic and more traditional Protestant clergy wear green vestments at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary Time. In the Eastern Catholic Church, green is the color of Pentecost. Green is one of the Christmas colors as well, possibly dating back to pre-Christian times, when evergreens were worshiped for their... | What did Romans use as decorations for their winter solstice celebration called Saturnalia? | {'text': 'green holly and evergreen', 'answer_start': 392} |
11,534 | 11,192 | 5a834fb0e60761001a2eb55f | generic | In 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One, with around 2 episodes shown every evening at 17:00, with occasional morning showings on CBBC. The BBC stopped airing the famous cartoon duo in 2000. | What cartoons first aired in 1976? | {'text': 'Tom and Jerry cartoons', 'answer_start': 8} |
127,791 | 127,449 | 5aced6f132bba1001ae4b6c1 | generic | Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik–Afghan border until summer 2005. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport in support of air operations of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. United States Army and Marine Corps personn... | There have been talks with Romania concerning use of what? | {'text': 'the Ayni facility', 'answer_start': 701} |
32,606 | 32,264 | 59fc3ab7a9fb160018f10dd7 | generic | Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: Message (what type of things are communicated), source / emisor / sender / encoder (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination / receiver / target / decoder (to whom), and Receiver. Wilbur Schram (1954) also indicated that... | Who didn't think a message would have any impact on the receiver? | {'text': 'Wilbur Schram', 'answer_start': 280} |
129,293 | 128,951 | 57345d6a879d6814001ca574 | generic | The wastewater treatment plant and distribution system of water mains, pumping stations and storage facilities provide water to approximately 62,000 customers in the city. There is also a wastewater treatment plant located on the south bank of the James River. This plant can treat up to 70 million gallons of water per ... | How much water is contained in Shockoe Retention Basin? | {'text': '44-million-gallon', 'answer_start': 587} |
99,299 | 98,957 | 572b50a1111d821400f38e56 | generic | Guam lies between 13.2°N and 13.7°N and between 144.6°E and 145.0°E, and has an area of 212 square miles (549 km2), making it the 32nd largest island of the United States. It is the southernmost and largest island in the Mariana island chain and is also the largest island in Micronesia. This island chain was created by... | How deep is the Mariana Trench located near Guam? | {'text': '35,797', 'answer_start': 586} |
92,093 | 91,751 | 5728ba1f2ca10214002da692 | generic | In Apollo's role as a healer, his appellations included Acesius (/əˈsiːʒəs/ ə-SEE-zhəs; Ἀκέσιος, Akesios, from ἄκεσις, "healing"), Acestor (/əˈsɛstər/ ə-SES-tər; Ἀκέστωρ, Akestōr, literally "healer"), Paean (/ˈpiːən/ PEE-ən; Παιάν, Paiān, from παίειν, "to touch"),[citation needed] and Iatrus (/aɪˈætrəs/ eye-AT-rəs; Ἰατ... | What is the literal word for latrus? | {'text': 'physician', 'answer_start': 344} |
37,065 | 36,723 | 5ad177db645df0001a2d1d55 | generic | After just 100 hours of ground combat, and with all of Kuwait and much of southern Iraq under coalition control, US President George H. W. Bush ordered a cease-fire and negotiations began resulting in an agreement for cessation of hostilities. Some US politicians were disappointed by this move, believing Bush should ha... | Coalition nations did what with regards to invading Southern Iraq to precipitate the cease fire? | {'text': 'refused to participate', 'answer_start': 609} |
65,697 | 65,355 | 5a21bde98a6e4f001aa08e8d | generic | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What has happened since power was distributed and justified in Europe? | {'text': 'society has been considered subject to natural laws akin to the physical world', 'answer_start': 1216} |
71,211 | 70,869 | 5726d39add62a815002e9196 | generic | At the same time, British, French, and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack. The tripartite military talks, started in mid-August, hit a sticki... | Who did not want their country protected by the Soviet military? | {'text': 'Poland', 'answer_start': 376} |
72,409 | 72,067 | 5726fb79dd62a815002e96e4 | generic | Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) are called ice sheets or continental glaciers. Several kilometers deep, they obscure the underlying topography. Only nunataks protrude from their surfaces. The only extant ice sheets are the two that cover most of Antarctica and Greenland. They contain vast quantitie... | Narrow, fast-moving pathways on an ice sheet are called what? | {'text': 'ice streams', 'answer_start': 618} |
129,425 | 129,083 | 57342435d058e614000b69e5 | generic | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | Why do cells easily stain with dyes? | {'text': 'electrostatic attraction', 'answer_start': 146} |
45,758 | 45,416 | 571023c2a58dae1900cd6902 | generic | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided? | {'text': 'March 2005', 'answer_start': 163} |
9,692 | 9,350 | 56dee6fcc65bf219000b3e0b | generic | The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop dep... | Who's advice is the monarch supposed to follow regarding these orders? | {'text': 'the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet', 'answer_start': 641} |
40,757 | 40,415 | 570d118ab3d812140066d3ce | generic | Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus... | What is air defence called in French? | {'text': 'DCA', 'answer_start': 452} |
52,995 | 52,653 | 5ad19690645df0001a2d20a6 | generic | Prompted by legislation in various countries mandating increased bulb efficiency, new "hybrid" incandescent bulbs have been introduced by Philips. The "Halogena Energy Saver" incandescents can produce about 23 lm/W; about 30 percent more efficient than traditional incandescents, by using a reflective capsule to reflect... | What can produce about 25 Im/W? | {'text': '"Halogena Energy Saver" incandescents', 'answer_start': 151} |
78,953 | 78,611 | 5727e46c2ca10214002d98db | generic | Although Albertus Magnus did much to instill mysticism in the Order of Preachers, it is a concept that reaches back to the Hebrew Bible. In the tradition of Holy Writ, the impossibility of coming face to face with God is a recurring motif, thus the commandment against graven images (Exodus 20.4-5). As time passed, Jewi... | Whose writings introduced the idea of 'unknowing' to the Order of Preachers? | {'text': 'Jewish and early Christian writings', 'answer_start': 316} |
109,109 | 108,767 | 572fa79aa23a5019007fc83a | generic | Washington University has been selected by the Commission on Presidential Debates to host more presidential and vice-presidential debates than any other institution in history. United States presidential election debates were held at the Washington University Athletic Complex in 1992, 2000, 2004, and 2016. A presidenti... | What building at Washington University was used to host the presidential debates? | {'text': 'Washington University Athletic Complex', 'answer_start': 238} |
77,189 | 76,847 | 57279d21ff5b5019007d910e | generic | Bowers confronted a similar problem in his edition of Maggie. Crane originally printed the novel privately in 1893. To secure commercial publication in 1896, Crane agreed to remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions. Bowers's approach was to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896, but to rever... | I what year was Maggie printed for commercial use? | {'text': '1896', 'answer_start': 152} |
66,557 | 66,215 | 5ad0d39d645df0001a2d05a8 | generic | Burke knew that many members of the Whig Party did not share Fox's views and he wanted to provoke them into condemning the French Revolution. Burke wrote that he wanted to represent the whole Whig party "as tolerating, and by a toleration, countenancing those proceedings" so that he could "stimulate them to a public de... | When did Burke write that he wanted to represent the whole party? | {'text': '3 August 1791', 'answer_start': 427} |
19,457 | 19,115 | 56e70a356fe0821900b8ec90 | generic | The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971. | What does RIBA stand for? | {'text': 'Royal Institute of British Architects', 'answer_start': 4} |
89,475 | 89,133 | 572846033acd2414000df843 | generic | The superior god of Oeselians as described by Henry of Latvia was called Tharapita. According to the legend in the chronicle Tharapita was born on a forested mountain in Virumaa (Latin: Vironia), mainland Estonia from where he flew to Oesel, Saaremaa The name Taarapita has been interpreted as "Taara, help!"/"Thor, help... | What god did the Oeselians worship? | {'text': 'Tharapita', 'answer_start': 73} |
69,479 | 69,137 | 5a7e45c470df9f001a875668 | generic | In ancient Greece, the epics of Homer, who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, and Hesiod, who wrote Works and Days and Theogony, are some of the earliest, and most influential, of Ancient Greek literature. Classical Greek genres included philosophy, poetry, historiography, comedies and dramas. Plato and Aristotle authore... | What still exists written by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Plato? | {'text': 'plays', 'answer_start': 643} |
67,121 | 66,779 | 5726db0ff1498d1400e8ed4f | generic | After the Council, Paul VI contributed in two ways to the continued growth of ecumenical dialogue. The separated brothers and sisters, as he called them, were not able to contribute to the Council as invited observers. After the Council, many of them took initiative to seek out their Catholic counterparts and the Pope ... | How much of the person is needed to fully engage in a ecumenical dialogue according to Paul VI? | {'text': 'whole', 'answer_start': 735} |
92,067 | 91,725 | 5728b3194b864d1900164c53 | generic | Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn (GEN Ἀπόλλωνος); Doric: Ἀπέλλων, Apellōn; Arcadocypriot: Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn; Aeolic: Ἄπλουν, Aploun; Latin: Apollō) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. The ideal of t... | Who is Apollo's twin sister? | {'text': 'Artemis', 'answer_start': 570} |
35,920 | 35,578 | 570ad8ec4103511400d59a94 | generic | To the east of the county are upland areas leading to the Pennines. North of the Ribble is Beacon Fell Country Park and the Forest of Bowland, another AONB. Much of the lowland in this area is devoted to dairy farming and cheesemaking, whereas the higher ground is more suitable for sheep, and the highest ground is uncu... | where is Beacon Fell County Park located? | {'text': 'North of the Ribble', 'answer_start': 68} |
80,077 | 79,735 | 5727c7f5ff5b5019007d9518 | generic | USB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS). This was at first intended for traditional magnetic and optical drives and has been extended to support flash drives. It has also been extended to support a wide variety of novel devices as many... | What do USB's implement connections to? | {'text': 'storage devices', 'answer_start': 30} |
106,530 | 106,188 | 572eccf7cb0c0d14000f1591 | generic | The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation should be long... | Tajwid deals with what aspect of the phonemes in the Quran? | {'text': 'pronunciation', 'answer_start': 560} |
110,510 | 110,168 | 572fcc32a23a5019007fc9fe | generic | The economy relies heavily on investment and support from Armenians abroad. Before independence, Armenia's economy was largely industry-based – chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile – and highly dependent on outside resources. The republic had developed a modern industrial sec... | What did Armenias industry-based economy consist of? | {'text': 'chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile', 'answer_start': 144} |
17,159 | 16,817 | 56e1c12fe3433e140042312d | generic | The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launche... | When was Somali Nation Television officially re-launched? | {'text': 'April 4, 2011', 'answer_start': 325} |
125,436 | 125,094 | 57326b24b9d445190005eb10 | generic | The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott ... | Why did Stein win a Pulitzer? | {'text': 'for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues', 'answer_start': 513} |
48,555 | 48,213 | 571ae71a32177014007e9fc9 | generic | Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money). Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense. A dir... | What happens when companies outsource? | {'text': 'somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies', 'answer_start': 503} |
124,358 | 124,016 | 57323c07e17f3d140042275e | generic | Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as The Watchtower and Awake!, and refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship. They reject Trinitarianism, inherent immortality of the soul, and hellfire... | Why do Jehovah Witnesses reject inherent immortality of the soul, hellfire and Trinitarianism? | {'text': 'they consider to be unscriptural doctrines', 'answer_start': 328} |
23,483 | 23,141 | 56f7489aaef2371900625abb | generic | In practice, because of sovereignty, any state can withdraw from any treaty at any time. The question of whether this is permitted is really a question of how other states will react to the withdrawal; for instance, another state might impose sanctions or go to war over a treaty violation. | Because of sovereignty when may a state withdrawal from a treaty? | {'text': 'at any time', 'answer_start': 76} |
120,174 | 119,832 | 57315596497a881900248e02 | generic | Even though the Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan performed some duties of a foreign office, they fell short of developing into a professional foreign service. It was not until 1861 — a year after losing the Second Opium War to the Anglo-French coalition — that the Qing government bowed to foreign pressure and created a pr... | Who performed the tasks of the Zongli Yamen before it was created? | {'text': 'Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan', 'answer_start': 16} |
120,923 | 120,581 | 57315cc8e6313a140071ce86 | generic | Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848, with little attention. However, a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out, which replaced the monarchy of Louis Philippe with the Second French Republic. In June 1848, Paris workers, disenchanted with the new government, built barricades and r... | The French Revolution resulted in the fall of which monarch? | {'text': 'Louis Philippe', 'answer_start': 183} |
124,243 | 123,901 | 5a53e054bdaabd001a3867a9 | generic | The Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilic... | What other religion has been surrounded by a Christian majority? | {'text': 'Muslim', 'answer_start': 85} |
121,729 | 121,387 | 5731993c0fdd8d15006c63d3 | generic | Although each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departments, schools or fac... | How many vice presidents do most universities have? | {'text': 'at least one', 'answer_start': 138} |
68,148 | 67,806 | 5acd514307355d001abf3d03 | generic | Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham (home of Duke University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). The "Triangle" nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park, located in Dur... | What is the MSA of only Durham? | {'text': '1,214,516', 'answer_start': 658} |
23,897 | 23,555 | 56f82b9eaef2371900625e97 | generic | Tito's notable grandchildren include Aleksandra Broz, a prominent theatre director in Croatia; Svetlana Broz, a cardiologist and writer in Bosnia-Herzegovina; and Josip "Joška" Broz, Edvard Broz and Natali Klasevski, an artisan of Bosnia-Herzegovina. | Where does Edvard Broz live? | {'text': 'Bosnia-Herzegovina', 'answer_start': 231} |
76,552 | 76,210 | 5a8c7850fd22b3001a8d8874 | generic | In Mark, Jesus is crucified along with two rebels, and the day goes dark for three hours. Jesus calls out to God, then gives a shout and dies. The curtain of the Temple is torn in two. Matthew follows Mark, adding an earthquake and the resurrection of saints. Luke also follows Mark, though he describes the rebels as co... | How was one criminal treated when crucified compared to the other? | {'text': 'differently', 'answer_start': 603} |
43,001 | 42,659 | 570dfd080b85d914000d7c6b | generic | Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) and almost always in the form of snow, which accumulates and forms a giant ice sheet w... | What is the usual condition of precipitation in the Antarctic? | {'text': 'snow', 'answer_start': 267} |
73,969 | 73,627 | 57275373f1498d1400e8f646 | generic | The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the... | What area of New Haven was known for being the center of the Jewish community? | {'text': 'Westville', 'answer_start': 750} |
108,557 | 108,215 | 572f6b6104bcaa1900d7690f | generic | Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya emp... | What time period did the Chalukya dynasty rule the Hyderabad region? | {'text': '624 CE to 1075 CE', 'answer_start': 256} |
108,859 | 108,517 | 5a2d5706f28ef0001a5264ad | generic | The Downtown District is the home of the Third Street Promenade, a major outdoor pedestrian-only shopping district that stretches for three blocks between Wilshire Blvd. and Broadway (not the same Broadway in downtown and south Los Angeles). Third Street is closed to vehicles for those three blocks to allow people to s... | How long is Broadway? | {'text': 'three blocks', 'answer_start': 134} |
8,792 | 8,450 | 56ddfc5f4396321400ee252b | generic | There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE. | What organization oversees India's technical education institutions? | {'text': 'AICTE', 'answer_start': 291} |
10,627 | 10,285 | 5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f5 | generic | Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the "Radical Republicans." Congress, however... | After which war did Congress begin using power to counterbalance the President? | {'text': 'Civil War', 'answer_start': 119} |
87,313 | 86,971 | 5a4fe541af0d07001ae8cc74 | generic | Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4... | In 2006 what percentage of genes were found to contribute to inflammation? | {'text': 'approximately 25%', 'answer_start': 174} |
80,038 | 79,696 | 5727b6a42ca10214002d949c | generic | A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt chan... | When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed? | {'text': 'January 2013', 'answer_start': 2} |
125,768 | 125,426 | 57336f6e4776f41900660acd | generic | Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear S... | How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008? | {'text': 'Over 100', 'answer_start': 222} |
96,276 | 95,934 | 5acd46d507355d001abf3bcf | generic | Energy gives rise to weight when it is trapped in a system with zero momentum, where it can be weighed. It is also equivalent to mass, and this mass is always associated with it. Mass is also equivalent to a certain amount of energy, and likewise always appears associated with it, as described in mass-energy equivalenc... | In what year did Weinstein create E = mc2? | {'text': '1905', 'answer_start': 372} |
41,606 | 41,264 | 570d74d0b3d812140066d98a | generic | The Valencia Cathedral was called Iglesia Mayor in the early days of the Reconquista, then Iglesia de la Seo (Seo is from the Latin sedes, i.e., (archiepiscopal) See), and by virtue of the papal concession of 16 October 1866, it was called the Basilica Metropolitana. It is situated in the centre of the ancient Roman ci... | What pagan deity may have had a temple where the Valencia Cathedral is now? | {'text': 'Diana', 'answer_start': 356} |
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