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128,617 | 128,275 | 5733d858d058e614000b63c8 | generic | Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during t... | What does Montana's motto mean? | {'text': '"Gold and Silver"', 'answer_start': 42} |
19,461 | 19,119 | 56e70a356fe0821900b8ec94 | generic | The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971. | In what country does RIBA mainly operate? | {'text': 'United Kingdom', 'answer_start': 104} |
12,899 | 12,557 | 5ad2de1cd7d075001a42a57c | generic | The Syriac term Nasrani (Nazarene) has also been attached to the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India. In the Indian subcontinent, Christians call themselves Isaai (Hindi: ईसाई, Urdu: عیسائی), and are also known by this term to adherents of other religions. This is related to the name they call Jesus, 'Isa Masih, ... | Which term has been associated with Saint Jesus of Isa Masih? | {'text': 'Nasrani', 'answer_start': 16} |
1,519 | 1,177 | 56cf4d7eaab44d1400b88f82 | generic | Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television. | What are the names of the two people that created a documentary for Italian tele vision? | {'text': 'Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda', 'answer_start': 132} |
3,727 | 3,385 | 56d65c671c850414009470bd | generic | Besides parents, Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was detained on June 25, 2008 for "disseminating rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan earthquake. Liu’s family was later told that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion. Liu had travelled to the Shifang, ... | What was his assigned punishment ? | {'text': 'one year of re-education', 'answer_start': 508} |
45,888 | 45,546 | 57108592b654c5140001f94f | generic | Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) tried to reconcile rationalism and religious belief, individual freedom and political authority, as well as map out a view of the public sphere through private and public reason. Kant's work continued to shape German thought, and indeed all of European philosophy, well into the 20th century. M... | Kant's work continued to shape German thought and European philosophy well into what century? | {'text': '20th', 'answer_start': 305} |
65,682 | 65,340 | 5a1e03953de3f40018b2644c | generic | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | Who is known for their theory of social contract in the 1700s? | {'text': 'Thomas Hobbes', 'answer_start': 931} |
63,384 | 63,042 | 5a711f1d0efcfe001a8afd5b | generic | Pesticides are often referred to according to the type of pest they control. Pesticides can also be considered as either biodegradable pesticides, which will be broken down by microbes and other living beings into harmless compounds, or persistent pesticides, which may take months or years before they are broken down: ... | What is one way to classify birds? | {'text': 'the type of pest they control', 'answer_start': 46} |
41,696 | 41,354 | 570d2f3db3d812140066d50c | generic | In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification t... | Which newspaper printed an op-ed piece that questioned Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on environmental policy? | {'text': 'The New York Times', 'answer_start': 376} |
112,435 | 112,093 | 57303b58947a6a140053d2e4 | generic | After having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia; under Pompey, a large ... | What aspect of the Roman military saw a decline in size after the subjugation of the Mediterranean? | {'text': 'Roman navy', 'answer_start': 82} |
56,259 | 55,917 | 57266e09dd62a815002e848b | generic | A wrestler's championship accomplishments can be central to their career, becoming a measure of their performance ability and drawing power. In general, a wrestler with multiple title reigns or an extended title reign is indicative of a wrestler's ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to per... | What has Ric Flair accomplished? | {'text': 'multiple world heavyweight championship reigns spanning over three decades', 'answer_start': 508} |
58,007 | 57,665 | 5728253a2ca10214002d9ef7 | generic | BYU offers programs in liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical and mathematical sciences, nursing and law. The university is broadly organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges and divisions defining their own admission standards. The university also admini... | What is BYU's parent organization? | {'text': 'the Church Educational System (CES)', 'answer_start': 425} |
42,007 | 41,665 | 570d90eeb3d812140066da41 | generic | The army has relied heavily on tents to provide the various facilities needed while on deployment. The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), mo... | What is the abbreviation for a tactical operations center? | {'text': 'TOC', 'answer_start': 312} |
99,481 | 99,139 | 572b6affbe1ee31400cb8377 | generic | The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning. U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. In addition, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Agana Heights serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community. There is one sub... | Who runs Guam's main health care facility? | {'text': 'The Government of Guam', 'answer_start': 0} |
114 | 114 | 138443 | pubqa | In the winter and spring of 2011 a large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in Skellefte municipality, Sweden. This study summarizes the outbreak investigation in terms of outbreak size, duration, clinical characteristics, possible source(s) and the potential for earlier detection using calls to a health advice lin... | What type of samples were examined?
| {'answer_id': 265079, 'document_id': 394251, 'question_id': 138443, 'text': 'patient and sewage samples,', 'answer_start': 953, 'answer_category': 'LONG'} |
36,162 | 35,820 | 570ae2e74103511400d59ac3 | generic | The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas near large... | What were there periods of during the Triassic? | {'text': 'increased rainfall', 'answer_start': 758} |
120,961 | 120,619 | 5ad502c35b96ef001a10a974 | generic | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sic... | What happened in 1950? | {'text': 'other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags', 'answer_start': 385} |
11,834 | 11,492 | 56dedc703277331400b4d776 | generic | Schwarzenegger was the first civilian to purchase a Humvee. He was so enamored by the vehicle that he lobbied the Humvee's manufacturer, AM General, to produce a street-legal, civilian version, which they did in 1992; the first two Hummers they sold were also purchased by Schwarzenegger. | In addition to the Humvee, what other vehicle manufactured by AM General was Schwarzenegger first to own? | {'text': 'Hummers', 'answer_start': 232} |
33,989 | 33,647 | 5709c499ed30961900e84481 | generic | The colloquialism "buck"(s) (much like the British word "quid"(s, pl) for the pound sterling) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial leather trade. It may also have originated from a poker term. "Green... | In which century can the term "buck" be traced back to? | {'text': '18th', 'answer_start': 200} |
58,732 | 58,390 | 57264dedf1498d1400e8db8d | generic | The German equivalent was used with the founding of the North German Confederation whose constitution granted legislative power over the protection of intellectual property (Schutz des geistigen Eigentums) to the confederation. When the administrative secretariats established by the Paris Convention (1883) and the Bern... | When was the Paris Convention? | {'text': '1883', 'answer_start': 302} |
1,414 | 1,072 | 56cfdc7f234ae51400d9bf8f | generic | In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, "What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?" However, by... | What did Chopin write on the box of letters from Maria and her mother? | {'text': 'My tragedy', 'answer_start': 713} |
107,891 | 107,549 | 5730740e396df9190009611c | generic | In the late 1940s, during the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland (at the time a dominion-dependency in the Commonwealth and independent of Canada), there was mainstream support, although not majority, for Newfoundland to form an economic union with the United States, thanks to the efforts of the Economic Union P... | When were the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland? | {'text': 'In the late 1940s', 'answer_start': 0} |
34,399 | 34,057 | 5a104136decec900184755ee | generic | In 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg, moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708. Thus the pr... | Who elevated the Duke of Brunswick to the rank of Prince? | {'text': 'the Holy Roman Emperor', 'answer_start': 184} |
35,850 | 35,508 | 570ac1de4103511400d59999 | generic | Lancashire has a mostly comprehensive system with four state grammar schools. Not including sixth form colleges, there are 77 state schools (not including Burnley's new schools) and 24 independent schools. The Clitheroe area has secondary modern schools. Sixth form provision is limited at most schools in most districts... | Who has the largest school population? | {'text': 'South Ribble', 'answer_start': 474} |
5,546 | 5,204 | 56d1c3cae7d4791d0090212b | generic | According to author Michael Carrithers, while there are good reasons to doubt the traditional account, "the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death." In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, "It is obviously difficult, ther... | Who believes "the outline of the life must be true" in reference to Buddha? | {'text': 'Michael Carrithers', 'answer_start': 20} |
17,557 | 17,215 | 56e1c818e3433e1400423178 | generic | Like other languages, Catalan has a large list of learned words from Greek and Latin. This process started very early, and one can find such examples in Ramon Llull's work. On the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries Catalan had a number of Greco-Latin learned words much superior to other Romance languages, as it can be ... | Whose writings are a good example of learned words in Catalan? | {'text': 'Roís de Corella', 'answer_start': 344} |
63,779 | 63,437 | 5726ba17dd62a815002e8e50 | generic | There is also a range of independent or public schools. Many of these are for pupils between 11 and 18 years, such as King's College, Taunton and Taunton School. King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later in the reign of Edward VI. Millfield is the largest co-e... | What is one of the Musical schools | {'text': 'Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain', 'answer_start': 698} |
68,291 | 67,949 | 5726b3bc5951b619008f7b10 | generic | Like much of the southeastern United States, Raleigh has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are short and generally cool, with a January daily average of 41.0 °F (5.0 °C). On average, there are 69 nights per year that drop to or below freezing, and only 2.7 days that fail to r... | How many seasons are there in Raleigh? | {'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 104} |
115,187 | 114,845 | 57309dbb8ab72b1400f9c5f2 | generic | Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it ... | Whitehead's main philosophy on humans changing is what? | {'text': 'each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago', 'answer_start': 462} |
38,017 | 37,675 | 5a8cacfafd22b3001a8d8d17 | generic | The control of associated biodiversity is one of the great agricultural challenges that farmers face. On monoculture farms, the approach is generally to eradicate associated diversity using a suite of biologically destructive pesticides, mechanized tools and transgenic engineering techniques, then to rotate crops. Alth... | What farms use polyculture destructive pesticides? | {'text': 'monoculture farms', 'answer_start': 105} |
6,136 | 5,794 | 56d367d259d6e414001462fe | generic | American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain. Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a pan... | Wha was the executive producer of Pop Idol in 2001? | {'text': 'Nigel Lythgoe', 'answer_start': 185} |
114,876 | 114,534 | 573029e904bcaa1900d77292 | generic | Following a peak in growth in 1979, the Liberian economy began a steady decline due to economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup. This decline was accelerated by the outbreak of civil war in 1989; GDP was reduced by an estimated 90% between 1989 and 1995, one of the fastest declines in history. Upon the end of the... | Why did the Liberian economy decline after 1980? | {'text': 'economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup.', 'answer_start': 87} |
52,309 | 51,967 | 57266080708984140094c40d | generic | Many native speakers of Dutch, both in Belgium and the Netherlands, assume that Afrikaans and West Frisian are dialects of Dutch but are considered separate and distinct from Dutch: a daughter language and a sister language, respectively. Afrikaans evolved mainly from 17th century Dutch dialects, but had influences fro... | What two-word phrase describes the relationship whereby Dutch and Afrikaans speakers can understand each other? | {'text': 'mutually intelligible', 'answer_start': 392} |
111,867 | 111,525 | 572fdefc04bcaa1900d76e16 | generic | In 2011, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time after Swansea City gained promotion. The first Premier League match to be played outside England was Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011. In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League ... | Did Swansea qualify for the Europa Leaque in 2012-13? | {'text': 'In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League', 'answer_start': 268} |
11,681 | 11,339 | 56de82394396321400ee29a3 | generic | He continued his winning streak in the 1971–74 competitions. In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time, beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding. | Who did Schwarzenegger beat to win his sixth Mr. Olympia in a row? | {'text': 'Franco Columbu', 'answer_start': 171} |
31,719 | 31,377 | 5ad4206d604f3c001a4006f7 | generic | The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489 billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than Austria's, Venezuela's, or South Africa's GDP. Only 26 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceedi... | What was Houston's gross domestic product in 2001? | {'text': '$489 billion', 'answer_start': 84} |
46,298 | 45,956 | 57111d15a58dae1900cd6c5a | generic | Near the end of the NES's lifespan, upon the release of the AV Famicom and the top-loading NES 2, the design of the game controllers was modified slightly. Though the original button layout was retained, the redesigned device abandoned the brick shell in favor of a dog bone shape. In addition, the AV Famicom joined its... | Which console featured a top-loading design? | {'text': 'NES 2', 'answer_start': 91} |
119,752 | 119,410 | 5731185a05b4da19006bcd90 | generic | All modern birds lie within the crown group Aves (alternately Neornithes), which has two subdivisions: the Palaeognathae, which includes the flightless ratites (such as the ostriches) and the weak-flying tinamous, and the extremely diverse Neognathae, containing all other birds. These two subdivisions are often given t... | All modern birds lie within which crown group? | {'text': 'Aves', 'answer_start': 44} |
35,370 | 35,028 | 570a9c454103511400d5989a | generic | Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Pa... | Along with Tolkien, what modern scholar notably made use of Old English? | {'text': 'Alistair Campbell', 'answer_start': 242} |
119,785 | 119,443 | 5731236de6313a140071cc6c | generic | The avian circulatory system is driven by a four-chambered, myogenic heart contained in a fibrous pericardial sac. This pericardial sac is filled with a serous fluid for lubrication. The heart itself is divided into a right and left half, each with an atrium and ventricle. The atrium and ventricles of each side are sep... | The avian circulatory system is driven by what? | {'text': 'four-chambered, myogenic heart', 'answer_start': 44} |
94,761 | 94,419 | 5acfb85977cf76001a685a52 | generic | The chemistry of zinc is dominated by the +2 oxidation state. When compounds in this oxidation state are formed the outer shell s electrons are lost, which yields a bare zinc ion with the electronic configuration [Ar]3d10. In aqueous solution an octahedral complex, [Zn(H
2O)6]2+ is the predominant species. The volatili... | What oxidation state repels zinc? | {'text': '+2 oxidation state', 'answer_start': 42} |
30,575 | 30,233 | 5ad2855cd7d075001a42989d | generic | With house music already massive on the '80s dance-scene it was only a matter of time before it would penetrate the UK pop charts.[citation needed] The record generally credited as the first house hit in the UK was Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's "Love Can't Turn Around" which reached #10 in the UK singles chart in Septembe... | Which song reached #6 in the UK singles chart? | {'text': '"Love Can\'t Turn Around"', 'answer_start': 242} |
91,489 | 91,147 | 57291b5a3f37b31900478027 | generic | Wright himself believed that values >0.25 represent very great genetic variation and that an FST of 0.15–0.25 represented great variation. However, about 5% of human variation occurs between populations within continents, therefore FST values between continental groups of humans (or races) of as low as 0.1 (or possibly... | FST is used to measure the degree of differentiation between what? | {'text': 'populations', 'answer_start': 579} |
16,635 | 16,293 | 56e10514e3433e1400422ad5 | generic | In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years. At the time, it was believed that China's "BeiDou" navigation system would then only be used by its armed forces. In October 2004,... | In 2003, what was the planned purpose of the BeiDou navigation system? | {'text': 'only be used by its armed forces', 'answer_start': 270} |
105,822 | 105,480 | 5a878b751d3cee001a6a1228 | generic | In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the vacuum is defined as the state (that is, the solution to the equations of the theory) with the lowest possible energy (the ground state of the Hilbert space). In quantum electrodynamics this vacuum is referred to as 'QED vacuum' to distinguish it from the vacuum of qua... | What is a blackbody photon referred to in quantum mechanics? | {'text': "'QED vacuum'", 'answer_start': 267} |
124,635 | 124,293 | 573254560fdd8d15006c69be | generic | As of August 2015, Jehovah's Witnesses report an average of 8.2 million publishers—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in 118,016 congregations. In 2015, these reports indicated over 1.93 billion hours spent in preaching and "Bible study" activity. Since the mid-1990s, the number of peak publis... | How many publishers did the Jehovah's Witnesses have as of August 2015? | {'text': '8.2 million', 'answer_start': 60} |
103 | 103 | 138421 | pubqa | In the winter and spring of 2011 a large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in Skellefte municipality, Sweden. This study summarizes the outbreak investigation in terms of outbreak size, duration, clinical characteristics, possible source(s) and the potential for earlier detection using calls to a health advice lin... | How many people were ill?
| {'answer_id': 265067, 'document_id': 394251, 'question_id': 138421, 'text': '18,500 individuals', 'answer_start': 705, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'} |
68,032 | 67,690 | 5726cfd8f1498d1400e8ebf9 | generic | Until the military coup of 22 March 2012 and a second military coup in December 2012, Mali was a constitutional democracy governed by the Constitution of 12 January 1992, which was amended in 1999. The constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government... | How many total terms can a president be elected for? | {'text': 'two terms', 'answer_start': 505} |
25,731 | 25,389 | 56f957d89e9bad19000a0855 | generic | W 122nd Street runs six blocks (3,280 feet (1,000 m)) west from the intersection of Mount Morris Park West at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and terminates at the intersection of Morningside Avenue at Morningside Park. This segment runs in the Mount Morris Historical District and crosses portions of Lenox Avenue (Sixth Av... | How many blocks west from the intersection of Mount Morris Park does W 122nd Street run? | {'text': 'six', 'answer_start': 20} |
104,593 | 104,251 | 573021c8a23a5019007fce03 | generic | Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of... | Records indicate how many pounds of deer skins were exported from Charles Town during the height of its deerskin trade? | {'text': '5,239,350', 'answer_start': 465} |
34,535 | 34,193 | 570a0d404103511400d59532 | generic | Various industrial businesses are located in Hannover. The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2. Jointly with a factory of German tire and au... | What does VWN stand for? | {'text': 'Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter', 'answer_start': 59} |
95,270 | 94,928 | 5a2c6ac4bfd06b001a5aeb6e | generic | Comparative and historical linguistics offers some clues for memorising the accent position: If one compares many standard Serbo-Croatian words to e.g. cognate Russian words, the accent in the Serbo-Croatian word will be one syllable before the one in the Russian word, with the rising tone. Historically, the rising ton... | When did the quality of the accent appear historically? | {'text': 'when the place of the accent shifted to the preceding syllable', 'answer_start': 331} |
5,219 | 4,877 | 56cf71dc4df3c31400b0d7ad | generic | Sessions for West's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013 in his own personal loft's living room at a Paris hotel. Determined to "undermine the commercial", he once again brought together close collaborators and attempted to incorporate Chicago drill, dancehall, acid house, and industrial music. Primarily... | Who did Kanye tour alongside of in order to promote the efforts of Yeezus? | {'text': 'Kendrick Lamar', 'answer_start': 1079} |
96,152 | 95,810 | 5acd1a0207355d001abf34f4 | generic | Another energy-related concept is called the Lagrangian, after Joseph-Louis Lagrange. This formalism is as fundamental as the Hamiltonian, and both can be used to derive the equations of motion or be derived from them. It was invented in the context of classical mechanics, but is generally useful in modern physics. The... | What is defined as the potential energy minus the kinetic energy? | {'text': 'Lagrangian', 'answer_start': 321} |
23,344 | 23,002 | 56f8e38b9e9bad19000a069b | generic | There are two main termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series o... | When did the tram system stop operating in Southampton? | {'text': '1949', 'answer_start': 517} |
9,206 | 8,864 | 56dde72f66d3e219004dadbd | generic | In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadthol... | Who appointed the stadtholders? | {'text': 'the states of each province', 'answer_start': 72} |
365 | 23 | 56d43da72ccc5a1400d830be | generic | Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2... | What was the name of Beyoncé's second solo album? | {'text': "B'Day", 'answer_start': 95} |
120,482 | 120,140 | 5731a5ede17f3d14004222a6 | generic | Native Americans in the United States make up 0.97% to 2% of the population. In the 2010 census, 2.9 million people self-identified as Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native alone, and 5.2 million people identified as U.S. Native Americans, either alone or in combination with one or more ethnicity or other... | How many people identified as Native American in the 2010 census? | {'text': '5.2 million', 'answer_start': 198} |
93,373 | 93,031 | 5a5164d2ce860b001aa3fd85 | generic | In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work,... | What area was suggested should be separated from Hesse? | {'text': 'Rhineland-Palatinate', 'answer_start': 885} |
57,466 | 57,124 | 57264984f1498d1400e8db26 | generic | The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the G... | What king united the tribes in the 9th century? | {'text': 'Charlemagne', 'answer_start': 619} |
6,871 | 6,529 | 56db670ce7c41114004b50a4 | generic | On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members.... | What did the winner win? | {'text': 'Dream Ticket', 'answer_start': 821} |
8,869 | 8,527 | 56ddb46c9a695914005b958f | generic | The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet created by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization, based in San Francisco, California, United States. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet. The se... | Which company made the Wayback Machine? | {'text': 'Internet Archive', 'answer_start': 116} |
123,888 | 123,546 | 57320ad7e99e3014001e6468 | generic | When the Majority Leader's party loses control of the House, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, convention suggests that they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has one less leadership position after losing the speaker's c... | Does the minority or majority party have more leadership positions in House? | {'text': 'minority party has one less leadership position', 'answer_start': 244} |
95,141 | 94,799 | 5729922a1d0469140077954d | generic | In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass ... | Sir Edwin Lutyens' city planning in what city marked a shift in design? | {'text': 'New Delhi', 'answer_start': 518} |
100,964 | 100,622 | 5a271419c93d92001a4003c6 | generic | Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted M... | What end of the political spectrum was Joy division's political philosophy one? | {'text': 'Leftist', 'answer_start': 576} |
36,172 | 35,830 | 5a2f5361a83784001a7d270f | generic | The dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One particular plant ... | What plant species died out in the Mesozoic? | {'text': 'gymnosperms', 'answer_start': 49} |
34,167 | 33,825 | 5709d1556d058f1900182bcc | generic | In December 2005, Imperial announced a science park programme at the Wye campus, with extensive housing; however, this was abandoned in September 2006 following complaints that the proposal infringed on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that the true scale of the scheme, which could have raised £110m for the Col... | When did Imperial announce their science park program at the Wye Campus? | {'text': 'December 2005', 'answer_start': 3} |
38,115 | 37,773 | 570bd0da6b8089140040fa61 | generic | The code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236 § 8,9) The "space" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became posit... | How many positions are in the first two columns? | {'text': '32 positions', 'answer_start': 160} |
115,419 | 115,077 | 573392424776f41900660d86 | generic | In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings,... | How must Whiteheads cosmology now be considered? | {'text': "Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation", 'answer_start': 624} |
26,438 | 26,096 | 56f989239b226e1400dd1539 | generic | There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring s... | How many distinct seasons does Zhejiang have? | {'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 289} |
86,946 | 86,604 | 5a81e49731013a001a334f8d | generic | Finite symmetry groups such as the Mathieu groups are used in coding theory, which is in turn applied in error correction of transmitted data, and in CD players. Another application is differential Galois theory, which characterizes functions having antiderivatives of a prescribed form, giving group-theoretic criteria ... | Geometric Invariant theory studies what kind of equations? | {'text': 'differential', 'answer_start': 350} |
82,044 | 81,702 | 5727c05f3acd2414000deb86 | generic | In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should ... | How did the king feel about what was said in the Case of Prohibitions? | {'text': 'greatly offended', 'answer_start': 272} |
97,444 | 97,102 | 572a75aa27b69114009ef5da | generic | In The Use of Knowledge in Society (1945), Hayek argued that the price mechanism serves to share and synchronise local and personal knowledge, allowing society's members to achieve diverse, complicated ends through a principle of spontaneous self-organization. He contrasted the use of the price mechanism with central p... | The arguments presented in The Use of Knowledge in Society created an starting point for who? | {'text': 'Oliver Williamson', 'answer_start': 471} |
33,011 | 32,669 | 5a557b55134fea001a0e1ae7 | generic | This has led to new terms such as cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism. More and more critical infrastructure is being controlled via computer programs that, while increasing efficiency, exposes new vulnerabilities. The test will be to see if governments and corporations that control critical systems such as energy, communi... | What is cyberterrorism? | {'text': 'attacks', 'answer_start': 374} |
44,644 | 44,302 | 57102712b654c5140001f875 | generic | The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015. She was celebrated in Canada as the "longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over par... | Who did Elizabeth surpass in longest lived British monarch? | {'text': 'Queen Victoria', 'answer_start': 49} |
4,274 | 3,932 | 56cffb63234ae51400d9c1e9 | generic | More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journal... | When was the New York Daily News founded? | {'text': '1919', 'answer_start': 417} |
31,988 | 31,646 | 57096cd6ed30961900e840e8 | generic | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp... | Name a compond that can mobilize sold copper? | {'text': 'Chromobacterium violaceum', 'answer_start': 0} |
44,097 | 43,755 | 570f38055ab6b81900390ea1 | generic | The simplest known circadian clock is that of the prokaryotic cyanobacteria. Recent research has demonstrated that the circadian clock of Synechococcus elongatus can be reconstituted in vitro with just the three proteins (KaiA, KaiB, KaiC) of their central oscillator. This clock has been shown to sustain a 22-hour rhyt... | What has the simplest known circadian clock? | {'text': 'prokaryotic cyanobacteria', 'answer_start': 50} |
124,867 | 124,525 | 5732488d0fdd8d15006c68ec | generic | Eisenhower returned to the U.S. in December 1939 and was assigned as a battalion commander and regimental executive officer of the 15th Infantry at Fort Lewis, Washington. In March 1941 he was promoted to colonel and assigned as chief of staff of the newly activated IX Corps under Major General Kenyon Joyce. In June 19... | At what military installation was the 15th Infantry based? | {'text': 'Fort Lewis', 'answer_start': 148} |
28,414 | 28,072 | 56fc3a7400a8df190040380a | generic | Natural phonology is a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes that interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed is language-specific. Rather than acti... | Who was the founder of natural morphology? | {'text': 'Wolfgang U. Dressler', 'answer_start': 901} |
120,781 | 120,439 | 5731434205b4da19006bcf88 | generic | Red is associated with dominance in a number of animal species. For example, in mandrills, red coloration of the face is greatest in alpha males, increasingly less prominent in lower ranking subordinates, and directly correlated with levels of testosterone. Red can also affect the perception of dominance by others, lea... | The amount of red in mandrill males is directly related to levels of what? | {'text': 'testosterone', 'answer_start': 244} |
83,540 | 83,198 | 5727d11d3acd2414000ded1d | generic | Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the aft... | How long did the 1912 tornado outbreak last? | {'text': 'a day', 'answer_start': 890} |
84,440 | 84,098 | 572829183acd2414000df5e5 | generic | In early 1962 Nasser again attempted to wrest control of the military command from Amer. Amer responded by directly confronting Nasser for the first time and secretly rallying his loyalist officers. Nasser ultimately backed down, wary of a possible violent confrontation between the military and his civilian government.... | From what chronic illness was Nasser suffering? | {'text': 'diabetes', 'answer_start': 446} |
123,509 | 123,167 | 5731e50f0fdd8d15006c661c | generic | In 2014, the airport received 15 new boarding bridges, totalling 28 in all. This was the main requirement made by the federal government, which transferred the operation of the terminal to the Inframerica Group after an auction. The group invested R$750 million in the project. In the same year, the number of parking sp... | Besides boarding bridges, what also doubled in 2014 at Brasilia's airport? | {'text': 'the number of parking spaces', 'answer_start': 296} |
30,939 | 30,597 | 570715649e06ca38007e93cb | generic | Hidalgo is hailed as the Father of the Nation even though it was Agustin de Iturbide and not Hidalgo who achieved Mexican Independence in 1821. Shortly after gaining independence, the day to celebrate it varied between September 16, the day of Hidalgo's Grito, and September 27, the day Iturbide rode into Mexico City to... | Who was hailed as the Father of the Nation? | {'text': 'Hidalgo', 'answer_start': 0} |
34,086 | 33,744 | 5a8cc9a1fd22b3001a8d8e73 | generic | Today, USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper, unlike most common paper, which is made of wood fiber. U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. U.S. dollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. The "large-sized notes" issued ... | How long do the current reserves measure? | {'text': '6.14 inches', 'answer_start': 438} |
72,416 | 72,074 | 5726fc9f5951b619008f841a | generic | Tidewater glaciers are glaciers that terminate in the sea, including most glaciers flowing from Greenland, Antarctica, Baffin and Ellesmere Islands in Canada, Southeast Alaska, and the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields. As the ice reaches the sea, pieces break off, or calve, forming icebergs. Most tidewater g... | Most glaciers from Greenland, Antarctica, and Southeast Alaska are of which type? | {'text': 'Tidewater glaciers', 'answer_start': 0} |
85,797 | 85,455 | 572828782ca10214002d9f78 | generic | Von Neumann was the first to establish a rigorous mathematical framework for quantum mechanics, known as the Dirac–von Neumann axioms, with his 1932 work Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. After having completed the axiomatization of set theory, he began to confront the axiomatization of quantum mechanics. ... | Who established the framework for quantum mechanics? | {'text': 'Von Neumann', 'answer_start': 0} |
56,841 | 56,499 | 5726a2b75951b619008f7875 | generic | Street parking in urban neighborhoods is mostly controlled by the franeleros a.k.a. "viene vienes" (lit. "come on, come on"), who ask drivers for a fee to park, in theory to guard the car, but with the implicit threat that the franelero will damage the car if the fee is not paid. Double parking is common (with franeler... | What is the name of the parking meter system in Mexico City? | {'text': 'ecoParq', 'answer_start': 888} |
56,520 | 56,178 | 5a67c170f038b7001ab0c450 | generic | Digital cameras have far surpassed film in terms of sensitivity to light, with ISO equivalent speeds of up to 409,600, a number that is unfathomable in the realm of conventional film photography. Faster processors, as well as advances in software noise reduction techniques allow this type of processing to be executed t... | What, besides a faster processor, prevents processing from happening when a photo is taken? | {'text': 'advances in software noise reduction techniques', 'answer_start': 226} |
124,377 | 124,035 | 57323d61e17f3d1400422770 | generic | From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings. As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each rem... | What did the congregations which continued to form during Russell's ministry remain? | {'text': 'self-administrative', 'answer_start': 326} |
70,598 | 70,256 | 5ad423a1604f3c001a40084e | generic | Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ran... | Who became the youngest-ever Marine Royal Brigadier? | {'text': 'Harvey', 'answer_start': 505} |
71,491 | 71,149 | 5726dffd708984140094d45f | generic | Edward Hallett Carr, a frequent defender of Soviet policy, stated: "In return for 'non-intervention' Stalin secured a breathing space of immunity from German attack."[page needed] According to Carr, the "bastion" created by means of the Pact, "was and could only be, a line of defense against potential German attack."[p... | The pact according to Edward Carr’s view was to provide what between Germany and the Soviet Union? | {'text': 'a line of defense against', 'answer_start': 267} |
111,864 | 111,522 | 5ad0d418645df0001a2d05d7 | generic | The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier ... | Which Award is presented for outstanding contribution to national trade? | {'text': "Queen's Award for Enterprise", 'answer_start': 343} |
1,196 | 854 | 56d1d4d3e7d4791d00902276 | generic | In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lesso... | What language did Chopin's father teach? | {'text': 'French', 'answer_start': 122} |
59,836 | 59,494 | 57265a725951b619008f7064 | generic | The Thuringian Realm existed until 531 and later, the Landgraviate of Thuringia was the largest state in the region, persisting between 1131 and 1247. Afterwards there was no state named Thuringia, nevertheless the term commonly described the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the... | Which dynasty formed after the Treaty of Leipzig? | {'text': 'the Ernestine Wettins', 'answer_start': 461} |
69,209 | 68,867 | 5a45a2c619a820001a1edacc | generic | Public and private sector employment has, for the most part, been able to offer more for their employees than most nonprofit agencies throughout history. Either in the form of higher wages, more comprehensive benefit packages, or less tedious work, the public and private sector has enjoyed an advantage in attracting em... | What kind of employee does the private sector attract? | {'text': 'mission-driven individuals who want to assist their chosen cause', 'answer_start': 376} |
126,895 | 126,553 | 5732a13acc179a14009daba4 | generic | Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried offic... | Who started the Bow Street detectives? | {'text': 'Henry and John Fielding', 'answer_start': 164} |
96,182 | 95,840 | 5729f3c6af94a219006aa6e7 | generic | Sunlight is also captured by plants as chemical potential energy in photosynthesis, when carbon dioxide and water (two low-energy compounds) are converted into the high-energy compounds carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Plants also release oxygen during photosynthesis, which is utilized by living organisms as an ele... | What is also captured by plants as chemical potential energy in photosynthesis? | {'text': 'Sunlight', 'answer_start': 0} |
117,919 | 117,577 | 5731106ee6313a140071cbda | generic | A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Ano, which is played with two round balls of 12 cm (5 in) diameter. Ano is a localised version of volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the te... | What is the Tuvalu version of volley ball? | {'text': 'Ano', 'answer_start': 185} |
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