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95,893 | 95,551 | 5a68e7c18476ee001a58a86a | generic | In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president. In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not mere... | In what year did Albert L. Williams step down from the company? | {'text': '1952', 'answer_start': 3} |
67,578 | 67,236 | 5726a8f3dd62a815002e8c3e | generic | Straddling the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Therefore, the Swiss, although predominantly German-speaking, do not form a nation in the sense of a common ethnicity or language; rather, Switzerland's stron... | Which four main linguistic and cultural regions make up Switzerland? | {'text': 'German, French, Italian and Romansh', 'answer_start': 125} |
121,317 | 120,975 | 57315fc6497a881900248e9c | generic | There are very few existing mosaics from the Komnenian period but this paucity must be due to accidents of survival and gives a misleading impression. The only surviving 12th-century mosaic work in Constantinople is a panel in Hagia Sophia depicting Emperor John II and Empress Eirene with the Theotokos (1122–34). The e... | The empress Eirene had what color hair? | {'text': 'red', 'answer_start': 455} |
75,343 | 75,001 | 57279bc6708984140094e212 | generic | These scholars suggest, from their studies of economic and social data, that early 20th-century child labour in Europe and the United States ended in large part as a result of the economic development of the formal regulated economy, technology development and general prosperity. Child labour laws and ILO conventions c... | What do international actions do according to these scholars? | {'text': 'increase child labour', 'answer_start': 724} |
96,616 | 96,274 | 572a1e9daf94a219006aa800 | generic | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | What were the names of the Ottoman admirals who commanded the conquest of Nice? | {'text': 'Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis', 'answer_start': 287} |
71,440 | 71,098 | 5ad28cbcd7d075001a429a17 | generic | Nazi Germany terminated the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact at 03:15 on 22 June 1941 by launching a massive attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland which marked the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa. Stalin had ignored several warnings that Germany was likely to invade, and or... | Where did the German attack on British forces occur? | {'text': 'Soviet positions in eastern Poland', 'answer_start': 114} |
29,979 | 29,637 | 5706df8f90286e26004fc720 | generic | Atlantic City (sometimes referred to as "Monopoly City") has become well-known over the years for its portrayal in the U.S. version of the popular board game, Monopoly, in which properties on the board are named after locations in and near Atlantic City. While the original incarnation of the game did not feature Atlant... | What location was originally featured in the Monopoly game? | {'text': 'Indianapolis', 'answer_start': 339} |
39,094 | 38,752 | 570c2b766b8089140040fbbc | generic | The FBI is near-impenetrable, with applicants intensely scrutinized and assessed over an extended period. To apply to become an FBI agent, one must be between the ages of 23 and 37. Due to the decision in Robert P. Isabella v. Department of State and Office of Personnel Management, 2008 M.S.P.B. 146, preference-eligibl... | Who conducts SSBIs? | {'text': 'Office of Personnel Management', 'answer_start': 1024} |
62,262 | 61,920 | 5ace97a932bba1001ae4ab9f | generic | By the 1st century, Babylonia, to which Jews migrated to after the Babylonian conquest as well as after the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE, already held a speedily growing population of an estimated 1,000,000 Jews, which increased to an estimated 2 million between the years 200 CE – 500 CE, both by natural growth and by ... | How many Jews lived in Babylonia after 500 CE? | {'text': '2 million', 'answer_start': 244} |
102,332 | 101,990 | 57318587e6313a140071d01a | generic | The late 1980s saw a series of liberalising economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were ... | What was Mandela's nationality? | {'text': 'South African', 'answer_start': 1486} |
101,095 | 100,753 | 572ee666dfa6aa1500f8d4a3 | generic | Until recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was "often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties". Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary, asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own. Simon R... | How did most critical writing treat the post-punk era, until recently? | {'text': 'dismissed', 'answer_start': 70} |
39,436 | 39,094 | 5ad15b2d645df0001a2d188a | generic | Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke 1:32 and the Book of Isaiah 9:6,... | When Mary protected the captives of King David, what was she called? | {'text': 'Our Lady of Ransom', 'answer_start': 539} |
43,621 | 43,279 | 5ad11b91645df0001a2d0dad | generic | Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust. Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined wit... | Where is uranium unnaturally formed? | {'text': 'in supernovae', 'answer_start': 438} |
22,182 | 21,840 | 56f6e85b3d8e2e1400e372af | generic | European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines and/or chords), tempo, meter and rhyth... | Since it is written down, classical music can attain a high level of what? | {'text': 'complexity', 'answer_start': 888} |
20,285 | 19,943 | 5acf5df877cf76001a684c5f | generic | Notable alumni include: Alan Mulally (BS/MS), former President and CEO of Ford Motor Company, Lou Montulli, co-founder of Netscape and author of the Lynx web browser, Brian McClendon (BSEE 1986), VP of Engineering at Google, Charles E. Spahr (1934), former CEO of Standard Oil of Ohio. | Which person associated with web browsers was a teacher at KU? | {'text': 'Lou Montulli', 'answer_start': 94} |
9,175 | 8,833 | 5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06efd | generic | The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the wo... | When was the oldest stock exchange founded in England? | {'text': 'in 1602', 'answer_start': 215} |
5,297 | 4,955 | 56cf796e4df3c31400b0d807 | generic | On December 3, 2013, Adidas officially confirmed a new shoe collaboration deal with West. After months of anticipation and rumors, West confirmed the release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts with a Twitter announcement directing fans to the domain yeezy.supply. In 2015, West unveiled his Yeezy Season clothing line, premierin... | What were the shoes designed by Kanye and released by Adidas called? | {'text': 'Adidas Yeezy Boosts', 'answer_start': 165} |
47,603 | 47,261 | 571da1b0556973190063905a | generic | Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races". The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially (cf. the one-drop rule). In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, sel... | Would DNA show a higher number or lower number of mutliracial people than those reported in the census? | {'text': 'higher number', 'answer_start': 422} |
58,911 | 58,569 | 57265a52708984140094c365 | generic | In the context of trademarks, this expansion has been driven by international efforts to harmonise the definition of "trademark", as exemplified by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified in 1994, which formalized regulations for IP rights that had been handled by common law, or ... | When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified? | {'text': '1994', 'answer_start': 231} |
6,465 | 6,123 | 56db2120e7c41114004b4dcd | generic | Season eight premiered on January 13, 2009. Mike Darnell, the president of alternative programming for Fox, stated that the season would focus more on the contestants' personal life. Much early attention on the show was therefore focused on the widowhood of Danny Gokey.[citation needed] | When did season eight premiere? | {'text': 'January 13, 2009', 'answer_start': 26} |
90 | 90 | 138431 | pubqa | In August 2003 an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis was identified in children who had recently visited an adventure park in southwest England. The adventure park contained a number of activities involving contact with water (boats, log flume, interactive water features) and contact with farm animals. Following an earlier ... | What is the concentration of the contaminant after analysis?
| {'answer_id': 264985, 'document_id': 394248, 'question_id': 138431, 'text': '2100 coliforms, 40�E.coli�per cu mm', 'answer_start': 486, 'answer_category': 'LONG'} |
59,713 | 59,371 | 5726888bf1498d1400e8e310 | generic | In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination – and indeed the largest Protestant denomination – was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups. In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada,... | What is the largest Presbyterian church denomination in Canada? | {'text': 'Presbyterian Church in Canada', 'answer_start': 108} |
119,809 | 119,467 | 57314d0e497a881900248d89 | generic | Plumage is regularly moulted; the standard plumage of a bird that has moulted after breeding is known as the "non-breeding" plumage, or—in the Humphrey-Parkes terminology—"basic" plumage; breeding plumages or variations of the basic plumage are known under the Humphrey-Parkes system as "alternate" plumages. Moulting is... | What is regularly moulted? | {'text': 'Plumage', 'answer_start': 0} |
116,037 | 115,695 | 5ad49cc1ba00c4001a268db8 | generic | Windows 8 is available in three different editions, of which the lowest version, branded simply as Windows 8, and Windows 8 Pro, were sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add ad... | What extras does Windows 9 Pro have? | {'text': 'BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on', 'answer_start': 401} |
57,416 | 57,074 | 5726fb7b708984140094d7a4 | generic | Napoleon could be considered one of the founders of modern Germany. After dissolving the Holy Roman Empire, he reduced the number of German states from 300 to less than 50, paving the way to German Unification. A byproduct of the French occupation was a strong development in German nationalism. Napoleon also significan... | How many German states remained after Napoleon reduced their numbers? | {'text': 'less than 50', 'answer_start': 159} |
124,735 | 124,393 | 57325e6d0fdd8d15006c6a45 | generic | On the other hand, in his study on nine of "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world", Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn, Professor of Religious Studies at the Northern Arizona University, wrote: “The NW [New World Translation] emerges as the most accurate of the translations compared.” Although the general... | What insertion into the New Testament violates accuracy in favor of denominationally preferred expressions? | {'text': 'Jehovah', 'answer_start': 702} |
62,351 | 62,009 | 5aceb04432bba1001ae4b071 | generic | Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish p... | What is the least parsimonious explantion for shared Middle Eastern ancestry? | {'text': 'consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people', 'answer_start': 597} |
20,585 | 20,243 | 56e79b2d00c9c71400d77384 | generic | Nanjing is the intersection of Yangtze River, an east-west water transport artery, and Nanjing–Beijing railway, a south-north land transport artery, hence the name “door of the east and west, throat of the south and north”. Furthermore, the west part of the Ningzhen range is in Nanjing; the Loong-like Zhong Mountain is... | What is the railway that runs South to North called? | {'text': 'Nanjing–Beijing railway', 'answer_start': 87} |
23,175 | 22,833 | 56f8b5149b226e1400dd0e85 | generic | The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southam... | In what month each year is the Southampton Boat Show held? | {'text': 'September', 'answer_start': 44} |
64,609 | 64,267 | 5ad02eec77cf76001a686d62 | generic | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the t... | Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to Sean Hyundai? | {'text': 'Pope Pius II', 'answer_start': 626} |
42,726 | 42,384 | 5ad2c424d7d075001a42a149 | generic | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | How many researchers were involved in the Polar Year International census? | {'text': '500', 'answer_start': 93} |
118,041 | 117,699 | 573142d9e6313a140071cd98 | generic | While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 2013 Enele Sopoaga... | What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu? | {'text': 'relocation', 'answer_start': 44} |
64,679 | 64,337 | 5727547d5951b619008f885d | generic | According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.70 square miles (74.33 km2), of which, 27.83 square miles (72.08 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water, much of which is part of the Huron River. Ann Arbor is about 35 miles (56 km) west of Detroit. Ann Arbor Charter To... | On which river is the city of Ann Arbor situated? | {'text': 'Huron', 'answer_start': 565} |
72,072 | 71,730 | 572826eeff5b5019007d9e1f | generic | Geology existed as a cloud of isolated, disconnected ideas about rocks, minerals, and landforms long before it became a coherent science. Theophrastus' work on rocks, Peri lithōn, remained authoritative for millennia: its interpretation of fossils was not overturned until after the Scientific Revolution. Chinese polyma... | When were Theophrastus' ideas about fossils proven false? | {'text': 'the Scientific Revolution', 'answer_start': 279} |
14,170 | 13,828 | 5ace06bb32bba1001ae499a1 | generic | On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion. | To what position was Malenkov promoted? | {'text': 'deputy Prime Minister', 'answer_start': 56} |
36,535 | 36,193 | 5a36fdbd95360f001af1b3b2 | generic | A month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome af... | What was Luigi Lilio given exclusive rights to? | {'text': 'publish the calendar for a period of ten years.', 'answer_start': 156} |
67,631 | 67,289 | 57277da6dd62a815002e9e88 | generic | When war broke out between France and its rivals, Russian and Austrian forces invaded Switzerland. The Swiss refused to fight alongside the French in the name of the Helvetic Republic. In 1803 Napoleon organised a meeting of the leading Swiss politicians from both sides in Paris. The result was the Act of Mediation whi... | During the Helvetic Republic, which forces invaded Switzerland when war broke out between France and its rivals? | {'text': 'Russian and Austrian', 'answer_start': 50} |
964 | 622 | 56d4eb762ccc5a1400d83350 | generic | Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed... | Who cited Beyoncé as being the top certified artist of the 2000s? | {'text': 'The Recording Industry Association of America', 'answer_start': 261} |
104,431 | 104,089 | 5a750d1897ca42001a521e1c | generic | After the incorporation of these states to the United States in the first half of the 19th century, the Spanish language was later reinforced in the country by the acquisition of Puerto Rico in 1898. Later waves of emigration from Mexico, Cuba, El Salvador and elsewhere in Hispanic America to the United States beginnin... | Which acquisition reinforced the Spanish language? | {'text': 'Puerto Rico', 'answer_start': 179} |
13,143 | 12,801 | 5ace352132bba1001ae49e5a | generic | On November 17, 1987, SCA acquired CBS Records, which hosted such acts as Michael Jackson, for US$2 billion. CBS Inc., now CBS Corporation, retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name. CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which is distr... | Who founded a new CBS Records in 2016? | {'text': 'CBS Corporation', 'answer_start': 255} |
61,500 | 61,158 | 5a79baab17ab25001a8a000f | generic | The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of acts of Congress, treaties ... | Laws that are only general are called what? | {'text': 'The United States Code', 'answer_start': 446} |
63,273 | 62,931 | 5a70f0300efcfe001a8afcd8 | generic | Pesticides are used to control organisms that are considered to be harmful. For example, they are used to kill mosquitoes that can transmit potentially deadly diseases like West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria. They can also kill bees, wasps or ants that can cause allergic reactions. Insecticides can protect anim... | What can mosquitoes do to water quality? | {'text': 'cause the water to look or smell unpleasant', 'answer_start': 786} |
84,642 | 84,300 | 5a60fe02e9e1cc001a33ce09 | generic | In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939... | When was Roncalli elected as Pope? | {'text': '2 March 1939', 'answer_start': 544} |
42,363 | 42,021 | 570d5d0cb3d812140066d746 | generic | A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is... | What transitions occur during puberty in addition to living circumstances? | {'text': 'education, training, employment and unemployment', 'answer_start': 415} |
43,928 | 43,586 | 570e51b50b85d914000d7e22 | generic | In 1972, the French physicist Francis Perrin discovered fifteen ancient and no longer active natural nuclear fission reactors in three separate ore deposits at the Oklo mine in Gabon, West Africa, collectively known as the Oklo Fossil Reactors. The ore deposit is 1.7 billion years old; then, uranium-235 constituted abo... | In what county was the Oklo mine located? | {'text': 'Gabon', 'answer_start': 177} |
33,878 | 33,536 | 5a8cd753fd22b3001a8d8f32 | generic | The early currency of the United States did not exhibit faces of presidents, as is the custom now; although today, by law, only the portrait of a deceased individual may appear on United States currency. In fact, the newly formed government was against having portraits of leaders on the currency, a practice compared to... | What was the last coin to be converted to the modern day style of having mythology on the face? | {'text': 'Dollar', 'answer_start': 722} |
30,994 | 30,652 | 57071a0c90286e26004fc900 | generic | In response to Madero's letter to action, Pascual Orozco (a wealthy mining baron) and Chihuahua Governor Abraham González formed a powerful military union in the north, taking military control of several northern Mexican cities with other revolutionary leaders, including Pancho Villa. Against Madero's wishes, Orozco an... | Madero received support from which country? | {'text': 'United States', 'answer_start': 703} |
80,392 | 80,050 | 5a68f70d8476ee001a58a935 | generic | The Yangtze River and its tributaries flows through the mountains of western Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin; thus, the province is upstream of the great cities that stand along the Yangtze River further to the east, such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai. One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the pr... | Name some cities downstream of the Yangtze river that are to the west of Sichuan? | {'text': 'Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai', 'answer_start': 223} |
105,136 | 104,794 | 572ff6fb947a6a140053ce9b | generic | On 9 September the OKL appeared to be backing two strategies. Its round-the-clock bombing of London was an immediate attempt to force the British government to capitulate, but it was also striking at Britain's vital sea communications to achieve a victory through siege. Although the weather was poor, heavy raids took p... | How many pilots did Fighter Command lose? | {'text': 'six', 'answer_start': 533} |
96,897 | 96,555 | 572a6560b8ce0319002e2b21 | generic | Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts. A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th Century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutze... | Where was Ali Qushji from? | {'text': 'originally from Samarkand', 'answer_start': 526} |
4,315 | 3,973 | 56d1053c17492d1400aab749 | generic | The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital, the oldest public hospital in the United States. Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City. The president of HHC is Ramanathan ... | If the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom becomes sick in New York City, what hospital does he go to? | {'text': 'Bellevue Hospital', 'answer_start': 50} |
105,675 | 105,333 | 572eac6adfa6aa1500f8d296 | generic | In 1930, Paul Dirac proposed a model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles possessing negative energy, called the Dirac sea. This theory helped refine the predictions of his earlier formulated Dirac equation, and successfully predicted the existence of the positron, confirmed two years later. Werner Heisenberg'... | What year was the Dirac sea modeled? | {'text': '1930', 'answer_start': 3} |
97,559 | 97,217 | 572a46351d046914007798be | generic | Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of ... | What else can a mom do to prevent diarrhea for her baby? | {'text': 'Breastfeeding for at least six months', 'answer_start': 111} |
89,701 | 89,359 | 5728d481ff5b5019007da7a8 | generic | Today, Estonian society encourages liberty and liberalism, with popular commitment to the ideals of the limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption. The Protestant work ethic remains a significant cultural staple, and free education is a highly prized institution. Like the mainstream culture in th... | What virtues does modern Estonian society promote? | {'text': 'liberty and liberalism', 'answer_start': 35} |
689 | 347 | 56d4d18d2ccc5a1400d8325c | generic | In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed "Love on Top" and started the performance saying "Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet, I want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me". At the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her bl... | What was the most searched term on Google for the week of August 29, 2011? | {'text': 'Beyonce pregnant', 'answer_start': 719} |
66,006 | 65,664 | 5a20ac1b8a6e4f001aa08e28 | generic | In 1906, precipitation hardening alloys were discovered by Alfred Wilm. Precipitation hardening alloys, such as certain alloys of aluminium, titanium, and copper, are heat-treatable alloys that soften when quenched (cooled quickly), and then harden over time. After quenching a ternary alloy of aluminium, copper, and ma... | What is done to make precipitation hardening alloys hardened immediately? | {'text': 'quenched', 'answer_start': 206} |
2,945 | 2,603 | 56cdda5762d2951400fa6903 | generic | The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised... | Which actor portrayed Q? | {'text': 'Ben Whishaw', 'answer_start': 184} |
91,534 | 91,192 | 572927316aef051400154ad8 | generic | Basically, race in Brazil was "biologized", but in a way that recognized the difference between ancestry (which determines genotype) and phenotypic differences. There, racial identity was not governed by rigid descent rule, such as the one-drop rule, as it was in the United States. A Brazilian child was never automatic... | What determines genotype? | {'text': 'ancestry', 'answer_start': 96} |
96,201 | 95,859 | 5729f51e6aef051400155162 | generic | It would appear that living organisms are remarkably inefficient (in the physical sense) in their use of the energy they receive (chemical energy or radiation), and it is true that most real machines manage higher efficiencies. In growing organisms the energy that is converted to heat serves a vital purpose, as it allo... | Complex organisms can occupy this, that are not available to their simpler brethern? | {'text': 'ecological niches', 'answer_start': 845} |
71,209 | 70,867 | 5726d39add62a815002e9194 | generic | At the same time, British, French, and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack. The tripartite military talks, started in mid-August, hit a sticki... | Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack? | {'text': 'once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.', 'answer_start': 678} |
41,492 | 41,150 | 570d5555b3d812140066d6da | generic | The decline of the city reached its nadir with the War of Spanish Succession (1702–1709) that marked the end of the political and legal independence of the Kingdom of Valencia. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Valencia sided with Charles of Austria. On 24 January 1706, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterboroug... | With whom did Valencia side in the War of Spanish Succession? | {'text': 'Charles of Austria', 'answer_start': 239} |
16,481 | 16,139 | 56e0d358231d4119001ac3f6 | generic | Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols. Browsers which include additional components to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC), are sometimes re... | Features on a browser can range from minimal with little support to what? | {'text': 'rich user interfaces', 'answer_start': 118} |
38,472 | 38,130 | 5a6118ece9e1cc001a33cf00 | generic | The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha... | What events were in the first men's gymnastics? | {'text': 'synchronized calisthenics and track and field', 'answer_start': 702} |
13,094 | 12,752 | 5ace405632bba1001ae4a08d | generic | In July 2013, Sony Music withdrew from the Greek market due to an economic crisis. Albums released by Sony Music in Greece from domestic and foreign artists are carried by Feelgood Records. | Sony withdrew from the China market in what year? | {'text': '2013', 'answer_start': 8} |
7,116 | 6,774 | 56d9c708dc89441400fdb7fa | generic | Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence ... | Evidence places dogs in North America when? | {'text': '12,000 years ago', 'answer_start': 256} |
43,029 | 42,687 | 5ad2da79d7d075001a42a4b1 | generic | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | What has been the temperature trend of Antarctica per decade from 1959 to 2006? | {'text': 'the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C', 'answer_start': 181} |
92,478 | 92,136 | 5a72642153a187001ae6310c | generic | The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate). Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-cal... | In what year did McCain run for President of the US? | {'text': '2000', 'answer_start': 807} |
758 | 416 | 56d4d9392ccc5a1400d8329e | generic | Beyoncé's vocal range spans four octaves. Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music". While another critic says she is a "Vocal acrobat, being able to sing long and complex melismas and vocal runs effortlessly,... | How many octaves does Beyoncé's voice span? | {'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 28} |
14,406 | 14,064 | 56df93124a1a83140091eb62 | generic | The question of priority for the variable resistance feature of the telephone was raised by the examiner before he approved Bell's patent application. He told Bell that his claim for the variable resistance feature was also described in Gray's caveat. Bell pointed to a variable resistance device in Bell's previous appl... | What part of the telephone was investigated by the patent officer? | {'text': 'variable resistance', 'answer_start': 33} |
27,581 | 27,239 | 56f9f8dc8f12f31900630023 | generic | Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausib... | From whom are several Somali clans descended? | {'text': 'Irir Samaale', 'answer_start': 0} |
20,882 | 20,540 | 56e79e5c37bdd419002c425f | generic | Because of the sudden loss of the New Orleans franchise, the league announced in October that the beginning of the free agency period would be delayed in order to accommodate a dispersal draft. Dates were eventually announced as December 2 for the dispersal draft and December 4 for free agency, but shortly before the d... | After the second delay, when was the dispersal draft schedule to occur? | {'text': 'December 9', 'answer_start': 506} |
103,513 | 103,171 | 5aceac5632bba1001ae4afc9 | generic | In contrast to the hazy, relatively featureless atmosphere of Uranus, Neptune's atmosphere has active and visible weather patterns. For example, at the time of the Voyager 2 flyby in 1989, the planet's southern hemisphere had a Great Dark Spot comparable to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. These weather patterns are driv... | What did Voyager 1 detect around Neptune in 1960 | {'text': 'fragmented ring system', 'answer_start': 759} |
101,175 | 100,833 | 5a0dd57ed7c850001886447b | generic | The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, T... | Who devise rules based on American football? | {'text': 'Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, Frederick A. Bethune, and Christopher Gwynn', 'answer_start': 319} |
103,760 | 103,418 | 5acee37032bba1001ae4b89e | generic | Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a ... | How much more energy does Jupiter radiate than it receives? | {'text': '2.61', 'answer_start': 723} |
43,449 | 43,107 | 5ad0b104645df0001a2d005e | generic | After the decline of Aksum, the Eritrean highlands were under the domain of Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus. The area was then known as Ma'ikele Bahr ("between the seas/rivers," i.e. the land between the Red Sea and the Mereb river). It was later renamed under Emperor Zara Yaqob as the domain of the Bahr Negash, th... | In what province was the capital Debarwa located? | {'text': 'Hamasien', 'answer_start': 516} |
113,600 | 113,258 | 5a5452c3134fea001a0e1721 | generic | No Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and attributes that, acco... | What does one of the Sura in the Quran begin with? | {'text': '"In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful".', 'answer_start': 418} |
83,882 | 83,540 | 5728651f4b864d1900164980 | generic | The Śātavāhana Empire was a royal Indian dynasty based from Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh as well as Junnar (Pune) and Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra. The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward. Sātavāhanas started out as feudatories to the Mauryan dynasty, but declared independence with ... | What empire covered most of India from 230 BCE? | {'text': 'Śātavāhana Empire', 'answer_start': 4} |
19,863 | 19,521 | 56e78cf937bdd419002c4114 | generic | In addition, Federal Records Centers exist in each region that house materials owned by Federal agencies. Federal Records Centers are not open for public research. For example, the FRC in Lenexa, Kansas holds items from the treatment of John F. Kennedy after his fatal shooting in 1963. | When was JFK shot? | {'text': '1963', 'answer_start': 281} |
19,294 | 18,952 | 56e7516237bdd419002c3e63 | generic | In the UK the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents supports a proposal to observe SDST's additional hour year-round, but is opposed in some industries, such as postal workers and farmers, and particularly by those living in the northern regions of the UK. | What was the name of the organization that supported adding an additional hour to their clocks all year? | {'text': 'the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents', 'answer_start': 10} |
10,766 | 10,424 | 5acf9df677cf76001a68554f | generic | While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti... | What aspects of a building were considered part of the smaller concept of function? | {'text': 'all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building', 'answer_start': 287} |
45,713 | 45,371 | 5ad3f79b604f3c001a3ffa2b | generic | James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tab... | According to Liebman, about what percentage of death penalty habeas corpus petitions were successful between 1988 and 1999? | {'text': '40', 'answer_start': 223} |
97,040 | 96,698 | 5a42cb724a4859001aac7320 | generic | In the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of an object are dynamical, in other wo... | What groups coincide in relative physics? | {'text': 'the invariance, or symmetry, group', 'answer_start': 23} |
106,547 | 106,205 | 5ad23316d7d075001a42878e | generic | Vocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds were introduced into the Arabic language by the end of the 9th century. The first Quranic manuscripts lacked these marks, therefore several recitations remain acceptable. The variation in readings of the text permitted by the nature of the defective vocalization led... | Which city doesn't correspond to Asim's recitation of the Quran? | {'text': 'Kufa', 'answer_start': 1361} |
83,964 | 83,622 | 572888753acd2414000dfaac | generic | The Western Chalukya Empire (Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. Vast areas between the Narmada River in the north and Kaveri River in the south came under Chalukya control. During this period the other major ruling families of the Deccan... | What did the Chalukya kings encourage writers to use? | {'text': 'native language', 'answer_start': 1199} |
5,510 | 5,168 | 56d0e08817492d1400aab66d | generic | Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri La... | Which branch practices the teachings of Zen? | {'text': 'Mahayana', 'answer_start': 119} |
27,707 | 27,365 | 56fad8e28f12f319006301f6 | generic | Somali society is traditionally ethnically endogamous. So to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan. Thus, for example, a recent study observed that in 89 marriages contracted by men of the Dhulbahante clan, 55 (62%) were with women of Dhulbahante sub-clans other than ... | According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan? | {'text': '3', 'answer_start': 436} |
78,517 | 78,175 | 5a303fbff1f7c7001ab92d02 | generic | A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen wa... | How many singers are in a cappella? | {'text': '40 to 80', 'answer_start': 909} |
23,529 | 23,187 | 56f75cbfaef2371900625b55 | generic | Consent is also invalid if it is given by a representative who ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign during the negotiations, if the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing.[citation needed] | If a state's representative ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign, what might that state's consent to a treaty be considered to be? | {'text': 'invalid', 'answer_start': 16} |
111,861 | 111,519 | 5ad0d418645df0001a2d05d4 | generic | The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier ... | Which league has the lowest revenue of any football league in the world? | {'text': 'The Premier League', 'answer_start': 0} |
125,254 | 124,912 | 573252870fdd8d15006c699a | generic | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 2011? | {'text': '54,000', 'answer_start': 614} |
38,864 | 38,522 | 570c943eb3d812140066d235 | generic | In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new presiden... | What was Nunez known to be strict about? | {'text': 'wages and discipline', 'answer_start': 569} |
40,820 | 40,478 | 570d5163b3d812140066d6b2 | generic | The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was som... | What does ADGB stand for? | {'text': 'Air Defence of Great Britain', 'answer_start': 61} |
22,493 | 22,151 | 56f6f4963d8e2e1400e372ea | generic | Present-day Slavic people are classified into West Slavic (chiefly Poles, Czechs and Slovaks), East Slavic (chiefly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), and South Slavic (chiefly Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins), though sometimes the West Slavs and East Slavs are combined... | West Slavic people consist of which nationalities? | {'text': 'Poles, Czechs and Slovaks', 'answer_start': 67} |
74,720 | 74,378 | 57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9f | generic | Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left w... | Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten? | {'text': 'it would soon start to rot and decay', 'answer_start': 339} |
24,012 | 23,670 | 56f78c18a6d7ea1400e17257 | generic | Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition. On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14°N that he named "San Bartolome". | What was the name of Alonso de Salazar's ship? | {'text': 'Santa Maria de la Victoria', 'answer_start': 106} |
102,727 | 102,385 | 572e8172dfa6aa1500f8d053 | generic | Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukr... | Where were Steven Spielberg's granparents from? | {'text': 'Ukraine', 'answer_start': 317} |
104,539 | 104,197 | 5ad4196e604f3c001a400462 | generic | The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-... | Who predicted Charleston would become a 'weak port towne'? | {'text': 'Earl of Shaftesbury', 'answer_start': 366} |
100,489 | 100,147 | 5acd822707355d001abf44e1 | generic | Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Although the terms "educational psychology" and "school psychology" are often used interchangeably, research... | What does educational psychology not study? | {'text': 'processes of educational attainment', 'answer_start': 541} |
99,213 | 98,871 | 5ace3e8c32bba1001ae4a02d | generic | The Chamorros, Guam's indigenous people, settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6, 1521. Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers, like Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic missionary. Between the 1500s and the 1700s,... | On what date in 1521 did Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan leave Guam? | {'text': 'December 10', 'answer_start': 536} |
40,360 | 40,018 | 5ad563615b96ef001a10ad7a | generic | Originally, the hardware architecture was so closely tied to the Mac OS operating system that it was impossible to boot an alternative operating system. The most common workaround, is to boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application. Used even by Apple for A/UX and MkLinux, thi... | Where does Mac harware boot indirectly to in most PowerPC-based Macs? | {'text': 'Open Firmware', 'answer_start': 584} |
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