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30,014 | 29,672 | 57062eba75f01819005e7a40 | generic | The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells known as B lymphocytes, while antigens are defined as anything that elicits the generation of antibodies ("anti"body "gen"erators). Immunology res... | Immunology is the study of what type of responses to antibodies and antigens? | {'text': 'cellular response', 'answer_start': 402} |
71,956 | 71,614 | 57271234f1498d1400e8f322 | generic | Medicine: Findings from Neolithic graveyards in what is now Pakistan show evidence of proto-dentistry among an early farming culture. Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2500 BC, and is now practiced as a form of alternative medicine in other parts of the world. Its most... | What information is in the Susrutasamhita of Susruta? | {'text': 'surgical procedures', 'answer_start': 568} |
124,285 | 123,943 | 5a53e745bdaabd001a3867d4 | generic | From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture underwent a revival under the patronage of the Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in the area of Lake Van, this included both traditional styles and new innovations. Ornately carved Armenian Khachkars were developed during this time. Many new cities a... | What building style was used in the area of Haritchavank? | {'text': 'both traditional styles and new innovations', 'answer_start': 190} |
35,335 | 34,993 | 570a9a216d058f1900182fec | generic | With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into t... | When did Alfred the Great's reign begin? | {'text': '871', 'answer_start': 566} |
36,550 | 36,208 | 570b28ab6b8089140040f7a8 | generic | In conjunction with the system of months there is a system of weeks. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the weekday, and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularities in the Gregorian system. ... | What was the previous day's date by the Julian calendar? | {'text': 'Thursday, 4 October 1582', 'answer_start': 614} |
31,922 | 31,580 | 57095defed30961900e84005 | generic | Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ... | Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper? | {'text': 'ships', 'answer_start': 114} |
122,976 | 122,634 | 5731b919e17f3d1400422332 | generic | Protestantism spread in Europe during the 16th century. Lutheranism spread from Germany into its surrounding areas,[c] Denmark,[d] Norway,[e] Sweden,[f] Finland,[g] Prussia,[h] Latvia,[i], Estonia,[j] and Iceland,[k] as well as other smaller territories. Reformed churches were founded primarily in Germany and its adjac... | Who ended Catholic supremecy in England? | {'text': 'King Henry VIII', 'answer_start': 561} |
51,639 | 51,297 | 5a0cfad6f5590b0018dab6d2 | generic | In October 2006, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was split into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which "... conducts all operations and grantmaking work, and it is the entity from which all grants are made". Also ann... | What does Berkshire Hathaway manage as part of the Foundation Trust? | {'text': 'the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation', 'answer_start': 139} |
2,514 | 2,172 | 5a8d9051df8bba001a0f9b04 | generic | The artificial intelligence (AI) of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in The Wind Waker. Enemies react to defeated companions and to arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by, and can detect Link from a greater distance than was possible in previous games. | Who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in Twilight Enemies? | {'text': 'Link', 'answer_start': 223} |
116,559 | 116,217 | 5a7e32d770df9f001a875540 | generic | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and... | When had Edmund Chojecki translated portions of the Saragossa Manuscript into Polish from Japanese? | {'text': '1847', 'answer_start': 550} |
99,800 | 99,458 | 572b6c9cf75d5e190021fdce | generic | Plato's theory of forms or "ideas" describes ideal forms (for example the platonic solids in geometry or abstracts like Goodness and Justice), as universals existing independently of any particular instance. Arne Grøn calls this doctrine "the classic example of a metaphysical idealism as a transcendent idealism", while... | What sort of dualist is Plato regarded as? | {'text': 'metaphysical and epistemological', 'answer_start': 649} |
71,848 | 71,506 | 5acf8ff377cf76001a685279 | generic | In single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary "start" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current. W... | Where is the start capacitor commonly mounted? | {'text': 'the side of the motor', 'answer_start': 755} |
2,671 | 2,329 | 56d1324717492d1400aabbfa | generic | Media requests at the trade show prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for the other tracks in the game as well, a notion reinforced by his preference for live instruments. He originally envisioned a full 50-person orchestra for action sequences and a string quartet for more "lyrical moments", though the fi... | Who made the requests for Kondo to use orchestral music throughout the game? | {'text': 'Media', 'answer_start': 0} |
90,706 | 90,364 | 5ad20ec3d7d075001a4282b2 | generic | Another family of bowlback mandolins came from Milan and Lombardy. These mandolins are closer to the mandolino or mandore than other modern mandolins. They are shorter and wider than the standard Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallow back. The instruments have 6 strings, 3 wire treble-strings and 3 gut or wire-wrapped-si... | Who was the developer of the Chinese mandolin? | {'text': 'Antonio Monzino', 'answer_start': 528} |
20,597 | 20,255 | 56e79d0e37bdd419002c4238 | generic | Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. Its reserves of strontium rank first in East Asia and the South East Asia region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from... | What are Nanjing's main water sources? | {'text': 'the Yangtze River and groundwater', 'answer_start': 321} |
72,054 | 71,712 | 5727faabff5b5019007d99c9 | generic | The beginning of the 20th century brought the start of a revolution in physics. The long-held theories of Newton were shown not to be correct in all circumstances. Beginning in 1900, Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr and others developed quantum theories to explain various anomalous experimental results, by intro... | Which scientist noticed the relationship between the speed and distance of galaxies? | {'text': 'Edwin Hubble', 'answer_start': 810} |
116,935 | 116,593 | 5acff6bf77cf76001a68666e | generic | The term "Kievan Rus'" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky's A History of Russia... | What was invented in the 19th century? | {'text': 'Kievan Rus', 'answer_start': 10} |
5,058 | 4,716 | 56d09354234ae51400d9c3ab | generic | Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. However, development of... | What slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century? | {'text': 'increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum', 'answer_start': 395} |
16,546 | 16,204 | 56e0ec76231d4119001ac450 | generic | The first BeiDou system, officially called the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System (simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航试验系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航試驗系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng shìyàn xìtǒng) and also known as BeiDou-1, consists of three satellites and offers limited coverage and applications. It has bee... | What is another name for the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System? | {'text': 'BeiDou-1', 'answer_start': 225} |
13,320 | 12,978 | 56df685b8bc80c19004e4be7 | generic | Other professional sports clubs in Oklahoma City include the Oklahoma City Dodgers, the Triple-A affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Oklahoma City Energy FC of the United Soccer League, and the Crusaders of Oklahoma Rugby Football Club USA Rugby. | What team is the affiliate to the Los Angeles Dodgers? | {'text': 'Oklahoma City Dodgers', 'answer_start': 61} |
34,145 | 33,803 | 570a49376d058f1900182d36 | generic | The Royal College of Chemistry was established by private subscription in 1845 as there was a growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany. As a result of a movement ear... | Which country was ahead of the United Kingdom in the teaching of chemistry? | {'text': 'Germany', 'answer_start': 282} |
91,085 | 90,743 | 5729247faf94a219006aa0e9 | generic | Insects were among the earliest terrestrial herbivores and acted as major selection agents on plants. Plants evolved chemical defenses against this herbivory and the insects, in turn, evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins. Many insects make use of these toxins to protect themselves from their predators. Such ins... | Insects show how toxic they are with what kind of colors? | {'text': 'warning colors', 'answer_start': 362} |
55,319 | 54,977 | 57263cb938643c19005ad359 | generic | In 2010, a leaked cable revealed that Shell claims to have inserted staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government and know "everything that was being done in those ministries", according to Shell's top executive in Nigeria. The same executive also boasted that the Nigerian government had forgotten about... | For what purpose did Shell make regular payments to the entity cited in the documents released in 2009? | {'text': 'to prevent protests', 'answer_start': 493} |
59,598 | 59,256 | 57266f6bf1498d1400e8dfa0 | generic | Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over... | Which government enacted the Directory of Public Worship teachings into law? | {'text': 'Scottish Parliament', 'answer_start': 440} |
14,463 | 14,121 | 56dfa2804a1a83140091ebe8 | generic | By 1885, a new summer retreat was contemplated. That summer, the Bells had a vacation on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, spending time at the small village of Baddeck. Returning in 1886, Bell started building an estate on a point across from Baddeck, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. By 1889, a large house, christened The... | What Island in Nova Scotia did the Bells go to in 1885? | {'text': 'Breton Island', 'answer_start': 94} |
89,538 | 89,196 | 5728b2d64b864d1900164c4b | generic | In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by ref... | What date did the Soviet Council of Ministers issue a declaration to remove native Estonians? | {'text': '12 January 1949', 'answer_start': 357} |
66,099 | 65,757 | 5a81b4a831013a001a334d98 | generic | Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island is the main island of the island group the territory encompasses and is located at 29°02′S 167°57′E / 29.033°S 167.950°E / -29.033; 167.950. It has an area of 34.6 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi), with no large-scale... | What is the name of the mountain at Norfolk Island's lowest point? | {'text': 'Mount Bates', 'answer_start': 408} |
97,964 | 97,622 | 572a875f111d821400f38bcb | generic | As with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastructure of a mosqu... | What had a hold over social life in the Ottoman Empire as well as other cultures? | {'text': 'religion', 'answer_start': 533} |
107,826 | 107,484 | 5a8a31143b2508001a72a7c0 | generic | Washington, D.C. is often mentioned as a candidate for statehood. In Federalist No. 43 of The Federalist Papers, James Madison considered the implications of the definition of the "seat of government" found in the United States Constitution. Although he noted potential conflicts of interest, and the need for a "municip... | Who considered the implications of the definition of the seat of government south of the Potomac? | {'text': 'James Madison', 'answer_start': 113} |
83,318 | 82,976 | 572800512ca10214002d9b0e | generic | Between the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Anglo-French declaration of War against the German Reich on 3 September 1939, the entire city (a total of 120,000 people) was evacuated, like other border towns as well. Until the arrival of the Wehrmacht troops mid-June 1940, the city was, for ten month... | Where was the University evacuated? | {'text': 'Clermont-Ferrand', 'answer_start': 493} |
74,885 | 74,543 | 5727904df1498d1400e8fc33 | generic | A major feature is the calypso competition. Calypso music, originating in Trinidad, uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics. It offers a medium in which to satirise local politics, amidst the general bacchanal. Calypso tents, also originating in Trinidad, feature cadres of musicians who perform biting social commenta... | What do the musical groups compete for? | {'text': 'the Calypso Monarch Award', 'answer_start': 437} |
85,270 | 84,928 | 572802c6ff5b5019007d9ae6 | generic | The Executive Board is responsible for the implementation of monetary policy (defined by the Governing Council) and the day-to-day running of the bank. It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council. It is composed of the President of the Bank (cur... | Who is the Vice-President of The European Central Bank? | {'text': 'Vitor Constâncio', 'answer_start': 372} |
695 | 353 | 56bfacdda10cfb140055122c | generic | On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security. Two days later, Jay Z released "Glory", a song dedicated to their child, on his website Lifeandtimes.com. The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Beyoncé su... | What does B.I.C. stand for? | {'text': 'Blue Ivy Carter', 'answer_start': 54} |
4,449 | 4,107 | 56d00a2d234ae51400d9c2bb | generic | The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route, carrying approximately 20 million passengers on the 5.2-mile (8.4 km) route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24 hours a day. Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan are... | The world's most popular ferry route is which in NYC? | {'text': 'The Staten Island Ferry', 'answer_start': 0} |
64,023 | 63,681 | 5726dcaff1498d1400e8ed9e | generic | Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of UNITE HERE and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees an... | What union are the members of the Yale University Police Department a part of? | {'text': 'Yale Police Benevolent Association', 'answer_start': 677} |
130,659 | 130,317 | 5a7e070b70df9f001a87543c | generic | The term "matter" is used throughout physics in a bewildering variety of contexts: for example, one refers to "condensed matter physics", "elementary matter", "partonic" matter, "dark" matter, "anti"-matter, "strange" matter, and "nuclear" matter. In discussions of matter and antimatter, normal matter has been referred... | Matter usually does not need to be used in conjunction with what? | {'text': 'a specifying modifier', 'answer_start': 529} |
110,760 | 110,418 | 572fd9ccb2c2fd1400568505 | generic | The term "bacteria" was traditionally applied to all microscopic, single-cell prokaryotes. However, molecular systematics showed prokaryotic life to consist of two separate domains, originally called Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, but now called Bacteria and Archaea that evolved independently from an ancient common anc... | What groups of organisms are closely related to each other? | {'text': 'archaea and eukaryotes', 'answer_start': 331} |
127,603 | 127,261 | 5a39a0e22f14dd001ac724e3 | generic | When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town i... | In what year was Carenage established? | {'text': '1785', 'answer_start': 322} |
100,119 | 99,777 | 572b8eb4111d821400f38f07 | generic | During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chanc... | What year did Joseph Dobrovský release a German-language grammar of Old Czech? | {'text': '1809', 'answer_start': 23} |
95,453 | 95,111 | 572a37e41d04691400779856 | generic | Beginning in 2005, the CBC has contributed production funds for the BBC Wales revival of Doctor Who, for which it received a special credit at the end of each episode. This arrangement continued until the end of fourth season, broadcast in 2008. The CBC similarly contributed to the first season of the spin-off series, ... | When did CBC end its Doctor Who contributions? | {'text': 'the end of fourth season, broadcast in 2008', 'answer_start': 201} |
9,626 | 9,284 | 56de2b36cffd8e1900b4b606 | generic | Land Forces during this period also deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts. The nature of the Canadian Forces has continued to evolve. They have been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011, under the NATO-led United Nations International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), a... | What type of operations were mainly done by Canadian forces? | {'text': 'peacekeeping', 'answer_start': 59} |
88,225 | 87,883 | 5728247c4b864d1900164576 | generic | Although many species can reproduce asexually and use similar mechanisms to regenerate after severe injuries, sexual reproduction is the normal method in species whose reproduction has been studied. The minority of living polychaetes whose reproduction and lifecycles are known produce trochophore larvae, that live as p... | What larvae live like plankton? | {'text': 'trochophore', 'answer_start': 286} |
12,633 | 12,291 | 5acd11c607355d001abf3330 | generic | Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philos... | What does Jayaraashi Bhatta mean? | {'text': 'The upsetting of all principles', 'answer_start': 90} |
117,519 | 117,177 | 5730aa008ab72b1400f9c63c | generic | By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo... | How many people lived in the cities? | {'text': 'over 10,000', 'answer_start': 243} |
22,512 | 22,170 | 5ad49962ba00c4001a268d10 | generic | The Slavic autonym *Slověninъ is usually considered (e.g. by Roman Jakobson) a derivation from slovo "word", originally denoting "people who speak (the same language)," i.e. people who understand each other, in contrast to the Slavic word denoting "foreign people" – němci, meaning "mumbling, murmuring people" (from Sla... | Who came up with the Slavic autonym? | {'text': 'Roman Jakobson', 'answer_start': 61} |
23,869 | 23,527 | 56f826b1aef2371900625e3c | generic | Tito has also been named as responsible for systematic eradication of the ethnic German (Danube Swabian) population in Vojvodina by expulsions and mass executions following the collapse of the German occupation of Yugoslavia at the end of World War II, in contrast to his inclusive attitude towards other Yugoslav nation... | Where is the location of the Danube Swabian population? | {'text': 'Vojvodina', 'answer_start': 119} |
41,180 | 40,838 | 570e2f430dc6ce1900204e4f | generic | For nearly 2000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pāṇini ... | What is found to a lesser extent in Classical Sanskrit? | {'text': 'prakritisms', 'answer_start': 634} |
58,512 | 58,170 | 5ad0b0be645df0001a2d0053 | generic | The first department stores Lane Crawford was opened in 1850 by Scots Thomas Ash Lane and Ninian Crawford on Des Voeux Road, Hong Kong Island. At the beginning, the store mainly catered visiting ships' crews as well as British Navy staff and their families. In 1900, the first ethnic-Chinese owned Sincere Department Sto... | Who closed Lane Crawford? | {'text': 'Scots Thomas Ash Lane and Ninian Crawford', 'answer_start': 64} |
114,900 | 114,558 | 5a62c07df8d794001af1c207 | generic | Liberia has the highest ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP in the world, with US$16 billion in investment since 2006. Following the inauguration of the Sirleaf administration in 2006, Liberia signed several multibillion-dollar concession agreements in the iron ore and palm oil industries with numerous multinatio... | What industries grew under the Sirleaf Administration? | {'text': 'iron ore and palm oil industries', 'answer_start': 263} |
113,242 | 112,900 | 573022f604bcaa1900d7720c | generic | The San Diego Symphony at Symphony Towers performs on a regular basis and is directed by Jahja Ling. The San Diego Opera at Civic Center Plaza, directed by Ian Campbell, was ranked by Opera America as one of the top 10 opera companies in the United States. Old Globe Theatre at Balboa Park produces about 15 plays and mu... | Where can one enjoy a performance directed by Christopher Ashley? | {'text': 'La Jolla Playhouse at UCSD', 'answer_start': 341} |
23,122 | 22,780 | 56f8a3829b226e1400dd0d1a | generic | Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent—the tenth biggest increase in England. In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively. Hampshire County Council expects the city's popu... | What's the only other city in England besides Portsmouth more densely populated than Southampton? | {'text': 'London', 'answer_start': 236} |
58,987 | 58,645 | 57265d58f1498d1400e8dd4b | generic | These American settlers established a permanent foothold in the area and ignored Spanish officials. The British settlers who had remained also resented Spanish rule, leading to a rebellion in 1810 and the establishment for ninety days of the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23. After... | What did the rebels overthrow during the rebellion | {'text': 'Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge', 'answer_start': 369} |
47,534 | 47,192 | 571ddd93b64a571400c71db0 | generic | After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era, and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country, more people are openly forming interracial unions. In addition, social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it i... | When was an African American president elected? | {'text': '2008', 'answer_start': 853} |
11,084 | 10,742 | 5ad0ce6f645df0001a2d042a | generic | The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." | Does the IHDI measure the "abnormal" or the "lack of potential" level of human development? | {'text': 'average level of human', 'answer_start': 76} |
73,718 | 73,376 | 5a8c9c73fd22b3001a8d8bda | generic | The semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since 2008, one year after it opened and after it had already hosted a final (in 2007). For the first decade of the competition, the Kennington Oval was used as the semi-final venue. In the period between this first decade and the reopening of ... | How were stadiums chosen from 1991 to 2000? | {'text': 'chosen to be roughly equidistant between the two teams for fairness of travel', 'answer_start': 468} |
105,540 | 105,198 | 5a848fe67cf838001a46a946 | generic | The "No Surprises" rule is meant to protect the landowner if "unforeseen circumstances" occur which make the landowner's efforts to prevent or mitigate harm to the species fall short. The "No Surprises" policy may be the most controversial of the recent reforms of the law, because once an Incidental Take Permit is gran... | What is granted after the No Surprises rule comes into play? | {'text': 'Incidental Take Permit', 'answer_start': 290} |
65,398 | 65,056 | 5726d7a55951b619008f7fa6 | generic | The Cubist contribution to the 1912 Salon d'Automne created scandal regarding the use of government owned buildings, such as the Grand Palais, to exhibit such artwork. The indignation of the politician Jean Pierre Philippe Lampué made the front page of Le Journal, 5 October 1912. The controversy spread to the Municipal... | Who defended the Cubists in the controversy of 1912? | {'text': 'Socialist deputy, Marcel Sembat.', 'answer_start': 484} |
98,190 | 97,848 | 572a776bfed8de19000d5c45 | generic | In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up unt... | What percentage of Miami-Dade's population was non-Hispanic white in 1960? | {'text': '80', 'answer_start': 41} |
13,970 | 13,628 | 56df54f18bc80c19004e4abb | generic | The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L... | Which countries did the RSFSR border on the southeast? | {'text': "Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China", 'answer_start': 134} |
45,136 | 44,794 | 570fd1ed5ab6b8190039104c | generic | From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the la... | What company did Dell overtake as the largest PC manufacturer? | {'text': 'Compaq', 'answer_start': 297} |
19,761 | 19,419 | 56e783a900c9c71400d77203 | generic | In 2010, Executive Order 13526 created the National Declassification Center to coordinate declassification practices across agencies, provide secure document services to other agencies, and review records in NARA custody for declassification. | What year was Executive Order 13526 created? | {'text': '2010', 'answer_start': 3} |
93,586 | 93,244 | 57296766af94a219006aa3a5 | generic | The alkali metal ions are small and mobile; their presence in glass allows a degree of electrical conductivity, especially in molten state or at high temperature. Their mobility decreases the chemical resistance of the glass, allowing leaching by water and facilitating corrosion. Alkaline earth ions, with their two pos... | What types of ions does typical glass have? | {'text': 'alkali and alkaline earth ions', 'answer_start': 560} |
80,612 | 80,270 | 5acd10bc07355d001abf32f7 | generic | The first 256 code points were made identical to the content of ISO-8859-1 so as to make it trivial to convert existing western text. Many essentially identical characters were encoded multiple times at different code points to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those en... | Why do coders avoid duplicate characters? | {'text': 'to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings', 'answer_start': 225} |
47,644 | 47,302 | 571de3ebb64a571400c71ddb | generic | Sometimes people of mixed African-American and Native American descent report having had elder family members withholding pertinent genealogical information. Tracing the genealogy of African Americans can be a very difficult process, as censuses did not identify slaves by name before the American Civil War, meaning tha... | Who will not reveal full ancestral data to mixed race people? | {'text': 'elder family members', 'answer_start': 89} |
99,022 | 98,680 | 5a46b9705fd40d001a27dc9b | generic | Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under the suzerainty of the Marathas. The Marathas, who were Hindus from the state of what is now Mahar... | What did the British Empire gain over Rajputana? | {'text': 'suzerainty', 'answer_start': 227} |
44,351 | 44,009 | 5ad3631c604f3c001a3fdfc3 | generic | Despite the death of Queen Mary on 24 March, the coronation on 2 June 1953 went ahead as planned, as Mary had asked before she died. The ceremony in Westminster Abbey, with the exception of the anointing and communion, was televised for the first time.[d] Elizabeth's coronation gown was embroidered on her instructions ... | What floral emblem was lowest on Elizabeth's coronation dress? | {'text': 'Australian wattle', 'answer_start': 434} |
95,330 | 94,988 | 5a2c85a0bfd06b001a5aebc1 | generic | However, most intellectuals and writers from Dalmatia who used the Štokavian dialect and practiced the Catholic faith saw themselves as part of a Croatian nation as far back as the mid-16th to 17th centuries, some 300 years before Serbo-Croatian ideology appeared. Their loyalty was first and foremost to Catholic Christ... | What was Serbo-Croatian ideology not equal with in Dalmatia? | {'text': 'Croat ethnic identity', 'answer_start': 739} |
16,382 | 16,040 | 5a4d33057a6c4c001a2bbc34 | generic | Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war. Bundled with Windows, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002. | When did Microsoft release Mosaic? | {'text': '1995', 'answer_start': 50} |
121,825 | 121,483 | 5731a51fe17f3d140042229f | generic | Examining the influence of humanism on scholars in medicine, mathematics, astronomy and physics may suggest that humanism and universities were a strong impetus for the scientific revolution. Although the connection between humanism and the scientific discovery may very well have begun within the confines of the univer... | Where might a scientist find a friendly private benefactor? | {'text': 'princely courts', 'answer_start': 854} |
36,503 | 36,161 | 570b20556b8089140040f758 | generic | Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating th... | How many days do you subtract to convert days from a calendar? | {'text': 'subtract one day', 'answer_start': 78} |
32,782 | 32,440 | 5a555888134fea001a0e1a41 | generic | If access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptions possible, and self-driv... | What increases the likelihood of a car being attacked? | {'text': 'wifi and bluetooth', 'answer_start': 369} |
13,019 | 12,677 | 5ace2b2d32bba1001ae49c68 | generic | ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Compan... | ARC kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from what date? | {'text': 'December 1931', 'answer_start': 899} |
34,752 | 34,410 | 570a68cf6d058f1900182e28 | generic | There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions... | What does Solomon believe emotions to be? | {'text': 'judgments', 'answer_start': 325} |
49,727 | 49,385 | 5726376e89a1e219009ac57e | generic | Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvi... | Where did Victoria often go for holiday? | {'text': 'mainland Europe', 'answer_start': 17} |
21,741 | 21,399 | 56e8e69d0b45c0140094cd50 | generic | Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suff... | The New English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time? | {'text': '20th century', 'answer_start': 290} |
1,575 | 1,233 | 56cfe4a4234ae51400d9c016 | generic | In April, during the Revolution of 1848 in Paris, he left for London, where he performed at several concerts and at numerous receptions in great houses. This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister. Stirling also made all the logistical arrangements and provided much of the ne... | Who provided the majority of funds for his concert tour in London? | {'text': 'Jane Stirling', 'answer_start': 206} |
68,390 | 68,048 | 5726b92a708984140094cf34 | generic | The National Hockey League's Carolina Hurricanes franchise moved to Raleigh in 1997 from Hartford, Connecticut (where it was known as the Hartford Whalers). The team played its first two seasons more than 60 miles away at Greensboro Coliseum while its home arena, Raleigh Entertainment and Sports Arena (later RBC Center... | What is the only professional sports team in North Carolina? | {'text': "National Hockey League's Carolina Hurricanes", 'answer_start': 4} |
59,299 | 58,957 | 57268c15f1498d1400e8e368 | generic | The band's sixth studio album News of the World was released in 1977, which has gone four times platinum in the United States, and twice in the UK. The album contained many songs tailor-made for live performance, including two of rock's most recognisable anthems, "We Will Rock You" and the rock ballad "We Are the Champ... | Queen's News of the World contained which two rock anthems? | {'text': '"We Will Rock You" and the rock ballad "We Are the Champions"', 'answer_start': 264} |
50,008 | 49,666 | 5723fc250dadf01500fa1fe5 | generic | Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen a... | Where did princess Victoria move to after she was married? | {'text': 'Germany', 'answer_start': 506} |
54,393 | 54,051 | 5726d1985951b619008f7eff | generic | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage ... | Who made clear the motivations of the filmmakers? | {'text': 'Matt Deaner', 'answer_start': 85} |
10,105 | 9,763 | 56df04563277331400b4d8b1 | generic | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | What is the name of one of the deaconries in which Cardinals come from? | {'text': 'seven deacons in the Papal Household', 'answer_start': 44} |
47,694 | 47,352 | 5ad2afd7d7d075001a429f14 | generic | Some multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the instruction to "check only one." ... | When do multiracial individuals feel important in U.S. society? | {'text': 'applying to schools', 'answer_start': 82} |
40,116 | 39,774 | 570c58bafed7b91900d458ef | generic | John spent much of 1205 securing England against a potential French invasion. As an emergency measure, John recreated a version of Henry II's Assize of Arms of 1181, with each shire creating a structure to mobilise local levies. When the threat of invasion faded, John formed a large military force in England intended f... | John spent much of 1205 doing what? | {'text': 'securing England', 'answer_start': 24} |
43,231 | 42,889 | 570daf12df2f5219002ed0e3 | generic | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC.... | What did excavations around Agordat yield the remains of? | {'text': 'the Gash Group', 'answer_start': 120} |
90,427 | 90,085 | 5728d4494b864d1900164f00 | generic | Popper contrasts his views with the notion of the "hopeful monster" that has large phenotype mutations and calls it the "hopeful behavioural monster". After behaviour has changed radically, small but quick changes of the phenotype follow to make the organism fitter to its changed goals. This way it looks as if the phen... | How does Popper describe the "monsters" that evolve in his view of evolutionary processes? | {'text': 'hopeful behavioural monster', 'answer_start': 121} |
37,215 | 36,873 | 570b5c156b8089140040f8c5 | generic | By summer 1918, a million American soldiers, or "doughboys" as they were often called, of the American Expeditionary Forces were in Europe under the command of John J. Pershing, with 25,000 more arriving every week. The failure of Germany's spring offensive exhausted its reserves and they were unable to launch new offe... | When did fighting on the western front end? | {'text': 'November 11, 1918', 'answer_start': 492} |
99,559 | 99,217 | 572b34a6111d821400f38dd1 | generic | British empiricism, though it was not a term used at the time, derives from the 17th century period of early modern philosophy and modern science. The term became useful in order to describe differences perceived between two of its founders Francis Bacon, described as empiricist, and René Descartes, who is described as... | What type of philosopher was Francis Bacon? | {'text': 'empiricist', 'answer_start': 269} |
53,113 | 52,771 | 57263f2889a1e219009ac5c0 | generic | In a conventional lamp, the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope, darkening it. For bulbs that contain a vacuum, the darkening is uniform across the entire surface of the envelope. When a filling of inert gas is used, the evaporated tungsten is carried in the thermal conve... | What are the primary causes of light loss? | {'text': 'Light loss is due to filament evaporation and bulb blackening', 'answer_start': 637} |
7,144 | 6,802 | 56d62d1e1c85041400946f85 | generic | Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities ... | Dogs often help clean in the kitchen by licking what? | {'text': 'plates', 'answer_start': 187} |
57,881 | 57,539 | 57267141708984140094c628 | generic | The region's economy greatly depends on agriculture; rice and rubber have long been prominent exports. Manufacturing and services are becoming more important. An emerging market, Indonesia is the largest economy in this region. Newly industrialised countries include Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, w... | Which region manufactures textiles, heavy industrial products & high-tech electronic goods? | {'text': 'Vietnam', 'answer_start': 454} |
20,942 | 20,600 | 56e7a3a500c9c71400d7746d | generic | Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president. Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner. | What was Scott Butera's job title prior to becoming AFL commissioner? | {'text': 'CEO', 'answer_start': 124} |
7,362 | 7,020 | 56db0372e7c41114004b4c4c | generic | In response to the demonstrations, an editorial in the People's Daily urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". | The Chinese people were told to show patriotism in an orderly and what manner? | {'text': 'legal', 'answer_start': 206} |
69,658 | 69,316 | 5726ba3f708984140094cf61 | generic | Avicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Emp... | What present-day country was Avicenna born in? | {'text': 'Uzbekistan', 'answer_start': 75} |
78,308 | 77,966 | 5727a68c3acd2414000de8e0 | generic | From the second half of the 20th century on parties which continued to rely on donations or membership subscriptions ran into mounting problems. Along with the increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships in most western democracies which itself places more strains on funding.... | When did parties that relied on donations start to run into problems? | {'text': 'second half of the 20th century', 'answer_start': 9} |
120,027 | 119,685 | 5731360e497a881900248c4e | generic | The early Manchu rulers also established two foundations of legitimacy which help to explain the stability of their dynasty. The first was the bureaucratic institutions and the neo-Confucian culture which they adopted from earlier dynasties. Manchu rulers and Han Chinese scholar-official elites gradually came to terms ... | What declaration solidified Confucian values? | {'text': 'Sacred Edict of 1670', 'answer_start': 506} |
118,707 | 118,365 | 5730dfd1aca1c71400fe5b2d | generic | In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. 27% of the p... | What percent of Georgia use Russian as their main language? | {'text': '1%', 'answer_start': 365} |
74,988 | 74,646 | 57278cd2dd62a815002ea02b | generic | Baptist historian Bruce Gourley outlines four main views of Baptist origins: (1) The modern scholarly consensus that the movement traces its origin to the 17th century via the English Separatists, (2) the view that it was an outgrowth of Anabaptist traditions, (3) the perpetuity view which assumes that the Baptist fait... | What does the successionist view assume? | {'text': 'that Baptist churches actually existed in an unbroken chain since the time of Christ.', 'answer_start': 446} |
70,730 | 70,388 | 5726d77f708984140094d322 | generic | In May 1967, the Eastern Region declared independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu. The Nigerian Civil War began as the official Nigerian government side (predominated by soldiers from the North and West) attacked Biafra (Southeastern) on 6 July 1967 at Gark... | When did Eastern Nigeria declare its independence? | {'text': 'May 1967', 'answer_start': 3} |
43,737 | 43,395 | 570e39580b85d914000d7d9f | generic | On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reactio... | What was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called? | {'text': 'Chicago Pile-1', 'answer_start': 168} |
110,202 | 109,860 | 5730396404bcaa1900d773bd | generic | Tucson has a desert climate (Köppen BWh), with two major seasons, summer and winter; plus three minor seasons: fall, spring, and the monsoon. Tucson averages 11.8 inches (299.7 mm) of precipitation per year, more than most other locations with desert climates, but it still qualifies due to its high evapotranspiration; ... | What other city is similar to Tuscon in precipitation and climate? | {'text': 'Alice Springs', 'answer_start': 407} |
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