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109,882 | 109,540 | 572fa97e04bcaa1900d76b79 | generic | The first task of a database designer is to produce a conceptual data model that reflects the structure of the information to be held in the database. A common approach to this is to develop an entity-relationship model, often with the aid of drawing tools. Another popular approach is the Unified Modeling Language. A s... | What should a conceptual data model do? | {'text': 'reflects the structure of the information to be held', 'answer_start': 81} |
1,122 | 780 | 56ce0d8662d2951400fa69eb | generic | At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Fr... | What year did he gain citizenship in France? | {'text': '1835', 'answer_start': 415} |
110,381 | 110,039 | 572f8ba7b2c2fd14005681e0 | generic | In 1045, the Byzantine Empire conquered Bagratid Armenia. Soon, the other Armenian states fell under Byzantine control as well. The Byzantine rule was short lived, as in 1071 Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines and conquered Armenia at the Battle of Manzikert, establishing the Seljuk Empire. To escape death or servitu... | When did the Seljuk Turks beat the Byzantines? | {'text': '1071', 'answer_start': 170} |
100,387 | 100,045 | 572b8fb7be1ee31400cb843e | generic | Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes lang... | Where does informal learning occur? | {'text': 'home, work, and through daily interactions', 'answer_start': 190} |
86,288 | 85,946 | 572838a9ff5b5019007d9f60 | generic | Although its PlayStation predecessors had been very dominant against the competition and were hugely profitable for Sony, PlayStation 3 had an inauspicious start, and Sony chairman and CEO Sir Howard Stringer initially could not convince investors of a turnaround in its fortunes. The PS3 lacked the unique gameplay of t... | What was PlayStation 3's toughest competitor in the video game market? | {'text': 'Wii', 'answer_start': 339} |
487 | 145 | 56d4baf92ccc5a1400d8317c | generic | In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America. On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. After... | What was the name of Beyoncé's European start that started in November 2003? | {'text': 'Dangerously in Love Tour', 'answer_start': 38} |
56,110 | 55,768 | 57262e6bec44d21400f3dbc9 | generic | Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe and later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls, professional wrestling grew into a standalone genre of entertainment with many diverse variations in cultures around the globe, and is now considered a mul... | Where was wrestling later showcased in North America? | {'text': 'later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls', 'answer_start': 74} |
32,271 | 31,929 | 57097200200fba1400368010 | generic | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | Primordialist and social constructionist views need to be understood in what contexts? | {'text': 'political and historical contexts', 'answer_start': 558} |
75,960 | 75,618 | 57277ee9f1498d1400e8f9ce | generic | Darwin continued to research and extensively revise his theory while focusing on his main work of publishing the scientific results of the Beagle voyage. He tentatively wrote of his ideas to Lyell in January 1842; then in June he roughed out a 35-page "Pencil Sketch" of his theory. Darwin began correspondence about his... | What was the name of Darwin's 35-page writing of his theory? | {'text': '"Pencil Sketch"', 'answer_start': 252} |
48,824 | 48,482 | 5acf9a7577cf76001a685429 | generic | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Who was the wife of Marwan I? | {'text': 'Aisha', 'answer_start': 552} |
24,768 | 24,426 | 56f878f1a6d7ea1400e176b3 | generic | The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passes, and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were establish... | What have been crossed for war and commerce? | {'text': 'The Alps', 'answer_start': 0} |
68,770 | 68,428 | 5726ba18708984140094cf51 | generic | In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the ce... | In what year was the Janissary corp disbanded? | {'text': '1826', 'answer_start': 379} |
103,943 | 103,601 | 572f2eff04bcaa1900d76775 | generic | Most electrification systems use overhead wires, but third rail is an option up to about 1,200 V. Third rail systems exclusively use DC distribution. The use of AC is not feasible because the dimensions of a third rail are physically very large compared with the skin depth that the alternating current penetrates to (0.... | What type is mostly used third rail or overhead wires? | {'text': 'overhead wires', 'answer_start': 33} |
34,115 | 33,773 | 5a8ce676fd22b3001a8d8fe4 | generic | Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States. Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century. The Susan B. Anth... | Which coin was introduced in 1935? | {'text': 'Susan B. Anthony dollar', 'answer_start': 307} |
73,773 | 73,431 | 57278af2dd62a815002e9fd0 | generic | The name of the winning team is engraved on the silver band around the base as soon as the final has finished, in order to be ready in time for the presentation ceremony. This means the engraver has just five minutes to perform a task which would take twenty under normal conditions, although time is saved by engraving ... | Where is he cup presentation made? | {'text': ', the presentation is made at the Royal Box', 'answer_start': 575} |
121,983 | 121,641 | 5731cbc10fdd8d15006c6538 | generic | Rome had no separate priestly caste or class. The highest authority within a community usually sponsored its cults and sacrifices, officiated as its priest and promoted its assistants and acolytes. Specialists from the religious colleges and professionals such as haruspices and oracles were available for consultation. ... | What authority in a community sponsored religious rites? | {'text': 'highest', 'answer_start': 50} |
16,393 | 16,051 | 5a4d341a7a6c4c001a2bbc40 | generic | Opera debuted in 1996; it has never achieved widespread use, having less than 2% browser usage share as of February 2012 according to Net Applications. Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, b... | What market did Nintendo focus on to expand its use? | {'text': 'the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market', 'answer_start': 269} |
101,267 | 100,925 | 572e8567cb0c0d14000f1238 | generic | At the beginning of a match, an official tosses a coin and allows the captain of the visiting team call heads or tails. The captain of the team winning the coin toss is given the option of having first choice, or of deferring first choice to the other captain. The captain making first choice may either choose a) to kic... | What can the team that wins the coin toss choose besides whether they wish to kick off or receive the ball? | {'text': 'which direction of the field to play in', 'answer_start': 383} |
46,773 | 46,431 | 5aceb49a32bba1001ae4b0d9 | generic | Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechetical school, while sacrificing none of its fa... | What was Alexandria not known for? | {'text': 'important trade center', 'answer_start': 24} |
42,683 | 42,341 | 5ad213d7d7d075001a42835d | generic | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | How many humans live in Antarctica? | {'text': '1,000 to 5,000', 'answer_start': 467} |
85,153 | 84,811 | 5728114e2ca10214002d9d1a | generic | Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible ... | What is another solution to the problem of temporal paradoxes? | {'text': 'paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen', 'answer_start': 83} |
61,838 | 61,496 | 57268e59708984140094c9f6 | generic | Archaeological evidence shows that Homo erectus lived in the region now known as Myanmar as early as 400,000 years ago. The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to about 11,000 BC, in a Stone Age culture called the Anyathian with discoveries of stone tools in central Myanmar. Evidence of neolithic age domestication ... | When was the extinct species believed to have lived in Myanmar? | {'text': '400,000 years ago', 'answer_start': 101} |
106,652 | 106,310 | 572eb9dbc246551400ce4589 | generic | The five Great Lakes are located in the north-central portion of the country, four of them forming part of the border with Canada, only Lake Michigan situated entirely within United States. The southeast United States contain subtropical forests and, near the gulf coast, mangrove wetlands, especially in Florida. West o... | Which of the Great Lakes is entirely located in US territory? | {'text': 'Lake Michigan', 'answer_start': 136} |
23,213 | 22,871 | 56f8c15c9e9bad19000a0424 | generic | Southampton is home to Southampton Football Club—nicknamed "The Saints"—who play in the Premier League at St Mary's Stadium, having relocated in 2001 from their 103-year-old former stadium, "The Dell". They reached the top flight of English football (First Division) for the first time in 1966, staying there for eight y... | What's the nickname of the Southampton Football Club? | {'text': 'The Saints', 'answer_start': 60} |
95,360 | 95,018 | 5a2c78f8bfd06b001a5aeb96 | generic | The jat-reflex rules are not without exception. For example, when short jat is preceded by r, in most Ijekavian dialects developed into /re/ or, occasionally, /ri/. The prefix prě- ("trans-, over-") when long became pre- in eastern Ijekavian dialects but to prije- in western dialects; in Ikavian pronunciation, it also ... | What are the past participle rules not without? | {'text': 'exception', 'answer_start': 37} |
117,737 | 117,395 | 5730c2c8b7151e1900c01522 | generic | They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ... | Sumerians used number systems which included what alternating bases? | {'text': 'base 10 and base 6', 'answer_start': 132} |
114,687 | 114,345 | 57301ea404bcaa1900d771c4 | generic | Georgian architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies during the Georgian era. American buildings of the Georgian period were very often constructed of wood with clapboards; even columns were made of timber, framed up, and turned on an over-sized lathe. At the start of the period the difficulties of obt... | What was difficult to obtain and transport during the Georgian period? | {'text': 'brick or stone', 'answer_start': 344} |
70,568 | 70,226 | 57295432af94a219006aa2b8 | generic | In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in... | Who was the Prime Minister who reached this agreement with the US? | {'text': 'Winston Churchill', 'answer_start': 105} |
84,134 | 83,792 | 5728cd672ca10214002da829 | generic | From 1920 leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi began highly popular mass movements to campaign against the British Raj using largely peaceful methods. The Gandhi-led independence movement opposed the British rule using non-violent methods like non-cooperation, civil disobedience and economic resistance. However, revolutionar... | On what date did India gain its independence? | {'text': '15 August 1947', 'answer_start': 705} |
53,663 | 53,321 | 57261520271a42140099d44f | generic | Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes. Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated quite recently, around 170,000 years ago. ... | What about the origin of clothing remains unanswered? | {'text': 'the date', 'answer_start': 858} |
48,420 | 48,078 | 5ad3adf5604f3c001a3fec2c | generic | Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and T... | What is one thing excessive development causes? | {'text': 'therapeutic innovation', 'answer_start': 56} |
14,736 | 14,394 | 56dfdfae231d4119001abe4b | generic | Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrou... | Who pioneered the circular bar? | {'text': 'Isambard Kingdom Brunel', 'answer_start': 0} |
56,770 | 56,428 | 5726888d5951b619008f7607 | generic | In contrast, the boroughs of Xochimilco (172th), Tláhuac (177th) and Iztapalapa (183th) presented the lowest HDI values of the Federal District with values of .8481, .8473 and .8464 respectively—values still in the global high-HDI range. The only borough that did not present a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta whic... | What borough had the lowest HDI score in the federal district? | {'text': 'Iztapalapa', 'answer_start': 69} |
7,626 | 7,284 | 56db6df1e7c41114004b50eb | generic | South Korea: The event was held in Seoul, which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics, on April 27. Intended torchbearers Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycotted the event to protest against the Chinese government's crackdown in Tibet. More than 8,000 riot police were deployed to guard the 24-kilometre route, which began... | Where was the relay event held in South Korea? | {'text': 'Seoul', 'answer_start': 36} |
51,583 | 51,241 | 5a0cdd8ff5590b0018dab5e7 | generic | Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consens... | In 2013 what debate did Bill Gates say is in the way of family planning? | {'text': 'the emotional and personal debate about abortion', 'answer_start': 213} |
6,683 | 6,341 | 56d3847159d6e414001465ff | generic | Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only househol... | Where do people in the Southern United States often begin singing? | {'text': 'church', 'answer_start': 421} |
110,871 | 110,529 | 5ace694132bba1001ae4a603 | generic | The simplest method, used for small-scale production and often by hobbyists, is immersion etching, in which the board is submerged in etching solution such as ferric chloride. Compared with methods used for mass production, the etching time is long. Heat and agitation can be applied to the bath to speed the etching rat... | What gives unpredictable control of etching rates and high production rates? | {'text': 'Adjustment of the nozzle pattern, flow rate, temperature, and etchant composition', 'answer_start': 696} |
120,578 | 120,236 | 5ad4c7715b96ef001a10a04e | generic | But, like many colors, it also had a negative association, with heat, destruction and evil. A prayer to god Isis said: "Oh Isis, protect me from all things evil and red." The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC. Red ochre was widely used as a pigment for wall paintings, particularly as the s... | What color was widely used for wall paintings by ivory painters? | {'text': 'Red ochre', 'answer_start': 240} |
39,719 | 39,377 | 570c376aec8fbc190045bddc | generic | Between 1836 and 1842 Victorian Aboriginal groups were largely dispossessed[by whom?] of their land. By January 1844, there were said to be 675 Aborigines resident in squalid camps in Melbourne. The British Colonial Office appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria, in 1839, however their work ... | Who appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria in 1839? | {'text': 'The British Colonial Office', 'answer_start': 195} |
109,564 | 109,222 | 5acd131107355d001abf335f | generic | Wilhelm Erb's (1874) "intensive" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intensity stimuli. At... | What did Wilhelm Erb come up with in 1784? | {'text': '"intensive" theory', 'answer_start': 21} |
71,938 | 71,596 | 5727026e5951b619008f8488 | generic | Mathematics: The earliest traces of mathematical knowledge in the Indian subcontinent appear with the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 4th millennium BC ~ c. 3rd millennium BC). The people of this civilization made bricks whose dimensions were in the proportion 4:2:1, considered favorable for the stability of a brick stru... | What proportional size were the bricks that the civilization used? | {'text': '4:2:1', 'answer_start': 259} |
36,231 | 35,889 | 5a1f69a754a786001a36b2a0 | generic | Videoconferencing provides students with the opportunity to learn by participating in two-way communication forums. Furthermore, teachers and lecturers worldwide can be brought to remote or otherwise isolated educational facilities. Students from diverse communities and backgrounds can come together to learn about one ... | Who can be brought to small schools to help students learn? | {'text': 'teachers and lecturers worldwide', 'answer_start': 129} |
129,707 | 129,365 | 5735f8bc012e2f140011a107 | generic | Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in man... | Godly figures have engaged in what activity? | {'text': 'hunting', 'answer_start': 160} |
28,492 | 28,150 | 5a8210ef31013a001a335194 | generic | The findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research complicate the traditional and somewhat intuitive idea of interchangeable allophones being perceived as the same phoneme. First, interchanged allophones of the same phoneme can result in unrecognizable words. Second, actual speech, even at a word ... | What can result in recognizable words? | {'text': 'interchanged allophones of the same phoneme', 'answer_start': 202} |
71,252 | 70,910 | 5726d7e25951b619008f7fac | generic | Soviet propaganda and representatives went to great lengths to minimize the importance of the fact that they had opposed and fought against the Nazis in various ways for a decade prior to signing the Pact. Upon signing the pact, Molotov tried to reassure the Germans of his good intentions by commenting to journalists t... | How long did the anti-Nazi propaganda machine run before the pact-signing? | {'text': 'a decade', 'answer_start': 170} |
39,881 | 39,539 | 570e70c30b85d914000d7f00 | generic | Melbourne is often referred to as Australia's garden city, and the state of Victoria was once known as the garden state. There is an abundance of parks and gardens in Melbourne, many close to the CBD with a variety of common and rare plant species amid landscaped vistas, pedestrian pathways and tree-lined avenues. Melb... | Which Australian state was once known as the garden state? | {'text': 'Victoria', 'answer_start': 76} |
100,346 | 100,004 | 5acd76a107355d001abf436b | generic | Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or postsecondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational educ... | What does Tertiary education not include? | {'text': 'undergraduate and postgraduate education', 'answer_start': 252} |
92,704 | 92,362 | 5a6a6c58a9e0c9001a4e9e07 | generic | A period of division for the Liberals followed, with former Treasurer John Howard competing with former Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock for supremacy. The Australian economy was facing the early 1990s recession. Unemployment reached 11.4% in 1992. Under Dr John Hewson, in November 1991, the opposition launched the 650-... | What was the Australian unemployment rate in 1993? | {'text': '11.4%', 'answer_start': 233} |
88,081 | 87,739 | 5acfc69677cf76001a685eb0 | generic | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | The UN Constitution says what to amendments? | {'text': 'provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent', 'answer_start': 182} |
45,408 | 45,066 | 5ad3f96e604f3c001a3ffac5 | generic | The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevad... | On what date was John Spenkelink freed? | {'text': 'May 25, 1979', 'answer_start': 212} |
42,713 | 42,371 | 5ad2a888d7d075001a429e1a | generic | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What continent was given the name Australis Terra? | {'text': 'Australia', 'answer_start': 124} |
72,700 | 72,358 | 57270deaf1498d1400e8f2b3 | generic | In 2001, Comcast announced it would acquire the assets of the largest cable television operator at the time, AT&T Broadband, for US$44.5 billion. The proposed name for the merged company was "AT&T Comcast", but the companies ultimately decided to keep only the Comcast name. In 2002, Comcast acquired all assets of AT&T ... | When Comcast purchased AT&T Broadband, how many customers did they service? | {'text': '22 million', 'answer_start': 419} |
29,885 | 29,543 | 57063e7075f01819005e7ab6 | generic | Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Chelsea, City Island, Great Island and Venice Park. | Besides localities and place names, what else is located partically or completely within the city? | {'text': 'Unincorporated communities', 'answer_start': 0} |
64,428 | 64,086 | 572740eaf1498d1400e8f538 | generic | Though many of the events were outside the traditional time-period of the Middle Ages, the end of the unity of the Western Church (the Protestant Reformation), was one of the distinguishing characteristics of the medieval period. The Catholic Church had long fought against heretic movements, but during the Late Middle ... | Who was one of the English aristocrats who supported the Lollard movement? | {'text': 'John of Gaunt', 'answer_start': 682} |
127,900 | 127,558 | 5733e78f4776f41900661494 | generic | The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris ov... | How are they different than most Tajiks? | {'text': 'distinct linguistically and culturally', 'answer_start': 173} |
59,947 | 59,605 | 5a7cc770e8bc7e001a9e2001 | generic | The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas. Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group ("family founders") which has negative consequences for the birth ratio. Furthermore, the population is getting older and ... | What has positive consequences for the birth ratio? | {'text': 'there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group', 'answer_start': 136} |
122,728 | 122,386 | 5ad142f7645df0001a2d1438 | generic | The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga... | What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to not ensure? | {'text': 'application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states', 'answer_start': 506} |
108,150 | 107,808 | 57301377947a6a140053d05d | generic | The radiation pattern of an antenna is a plot of the relative field strength of the radio waves emitted by the antenna at different angles. It is typically represented by a three-dimensional graph, or polar plots of the horizontal and vertical cross sections. The pattern of an ideal isotropic antenna, which radiates eq... | What type of pictoral aid is often used to show this? | {'text': 'three-dimensional graph', 'answer_start': 173} |
75,666 | 75,324 | 5727b1c23acd2414000de9f1 | generic | North Carolinians enjoy outdoor recreation utilizing numerous local bike paths, 34 state parks, and 14 national parks. National Park Service units include the Appalachian National Scenic Trail, the Blue Ridge Parkway, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Cape Lookout National Seashore, Carl Sandburg Home National Historic ... | Where is the Guilford Courthouse National Military Park? | {'text': 'Greensboro', 'answer_start': 469} |
12,670 | 12,328 | 5acd14cb07355d001abf33c0 | generic | Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on. | What are 3 theories that ancient day philosophers try to harmonize? | {'text': 'functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory', 'answer_start': 248} |
21,136 | 20,794 | 5ad26431d7d075001a429147 | generic | A framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility. | Who developed a framework for describing dialects genetically? | {'text': 'Heinz Kloss', 'answer_start': 37} |
125,089 | 124,747 | 573274500fdd8d15006c6af0 | generic | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | How many days did the President of South Vietnam visit the US for in 1957? | {'text': 'ten', 'answer_start': 313} |
50,988 | 50,646 | 5725d1ecec44d21400f3d62d | generic | Israeli music contains musical influences from all over the world; Sephardic music, Hasidic melodies, Belly dancing music, Greek music, jazz, and pop rock are all part of the music scene. Among Israel's world-renowned orchestras is the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, which has been in operation for over seventy years an... | What Israeli orchestra has been in operation for more than seventy years? | {'text': 'Israel Philharmonic Orchestra', 'answer_start': 236} |
126,245 | 125,903 | 5734275c4776f41900661992 | generic | Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the Manueline, also known as Portuguese late Gothic, a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, Soft Portuguese style, appears extensively ... | What is the Manueline style? | {'text': 'a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century', 'answer_start': 105} |
82,988 | 82,646 | 572800904b864d19001641d2 | generic | Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show. Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin's Tale and Purple Crayon Players. Its umbrella organization—the Student Theatre Coalition, or StuC... | What are the two most notable productions each year at Northwestern? | {'text': 'the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show', 'answer_start': 47} |
75,421 | 75,079 | 57276456708984140094dcee | generic | The climate of the coastal plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, which keeps conditions mild in winter and moderate, although humid, in summer. The highest coastal, daytime temperature averages less than 89 °F (32 °C) during summer months. The coast has mild temperatures in winter, with daytime highs rarely below ... | What is the climate of the coastal plain in the winter? | {'text': 'mild', 'answer_start': 93} |
98,440 | 98,098 | 572a85fc111d821400f38bb6 | generic | Miami's road system is based along the numerical "Miami Grid" where Flagler Street forms the east-west baseline and Miami Avenue forms the north-south meridian. The corner of Flagler Street and Miami Avenue is in the middle of Downtown in front of the Downtown Macy's (formerly the Burdine's headquarters). The Miami gri... | What company was previously headquartered in the Downtown Macy's? | {'text': "Burdine's", 'answer_start': 282} |
30,234 | 29,892 | 570638d652bb891400689986 | generic | Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encoded. As the MP3 standard allows quite a bit of freedom with encoding algorithms, different encoders may feature quite different quality, even with ide... | To compare qualities, sound files are evaluated on a scale that ranges from 1 to what? | {'text': '5', 'answer_start': 461} |
13,030 | 12,688 | 5ace2bc932bba1001ae49c85 | generic | Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953. In 1956, Conkling left Columbia, he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. Records, and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company... | Lieberson left Columbia in what year? | {'text': '1956', 'answer_start': 42} |
70,026 | 69,684 | 5726f9b0dd62a815002e96a3 | generic | In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed] Near his birthp... | What was Avicenna's birthplace? | {'text': 'Bukhara', 'answer_start': 59} |
29,833 | 29,491 | 5706268775f01819005e7a02 | generic | The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt tha... | Who was nominated for Vice President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention? | {'text': 'Hubert Humphrey', 'answer_start': 105} |
92,687 | 92,345 | 5a6a56c4a9e0c9001a4e9d52 | generic | The Liberal Party's organisation is dominated by the six state divisions, reflecting the party's original commitment to a federalised system of government (a commitment which was strongly maintained by all Liberal governments until 1983, but was to a large extent abandoned by the Howard Government, which showed strong ... | How many state divisions exist in the Howard Governments organization? | {'text': 'six', 'answer_start': 53} |
116,544 | 116,202 | 57306f658ab72b1400f9c4e6 | generic | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language ... | When was Twain's back-translation published? | {'text': '1903', 'answer_start': 273} |
77,350 | 77,008 | 57279cc0708984140094e23f | generic | German record company Odeon is often said to have pioneered the album in 1909 when it released the Nutcracker Suite by Tchaikovsky on 4 double-sided discs in a specially designed package. (It is not indicated what size the records are.) However, Deutsche Grammophon had produced an album for its complete recording of th... | When were albums said to be pioneered? | {'text': '1909', 'answer_start': 73} |
73,848 | 73,506 | 57279202dd62a815002ea0b2 | generic | Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double, namely Preston North End (1889), Aston Villa (1897), Tottenham Hotspur (1961), Arsenal (1971, 1998, 2002), Liverpool (1986), Manchester United (1994, 1996, 1999) and Chelsea (2010). In 1993, Arsenal became the first side to win both the FA Cup and the ... | How many clubs have won the fa cup as part of a league cup double? | {'text': 'Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double', 'answer_start': 0} |
123,112 | 122,770 | 5731e27cb9d445190005e619 | generic | Although the Adventist churches hold much in common, their theologies differ on whether the intermediate state is unconscious sleep or consciousness, whether the ultimate punishment of the wicked is annihilation or eternal torment, the nature of immortality, whether or not the wicked are resurrected after the millenniu... | What is the name of the Seventh-day Adventist's core beliefs? | {'text': 'the 28 Fundamental Beliefs', 'answer_start': 651} |
97,184 | 96,842 | 5a7d161e70df9f001a874f7d | generic | In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by c. 5800 BC (L... | When did agrarian societies start to arrive in Malta? | {'text': '7th millennium BC', 'answer_start': 61} |
57,527 | 57,185 | 5a63bb9c7f3c80001a150b24 | generic | By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts... | What sped up Jewish assimilation into German society? | {'text': 'Crusades', 'answer_start': 512} |
81,358 | 81,016 | 57282eb92ca10214002da00b | generic | Herds of red and fallow deer also roam freely within much of Richmond and Bushy Park. A cull takes place each November and February to ensure numbers can be sustained. Epping Forest is also known for its fallow deer, which can frequently be seen in herds to the north of the Forest. A rare population of melanistic, blac... | Bushy Park in Richmond is home to what herds of animals? | {'text': 'red and fallow deer', 'answer_start': 9} |
4,688 | 4,346 | 56d19e43e7d4791d0090207c | generic | In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was "to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama." Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing. When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate, Walter Cunningham, at the Finch home one day, Calpurnia, their black... | Both authors valued what over social standing? | {'text': 'individual worth', 'answer_start': 168} |
70,852 | 70,510 | 5726ed805951b619008f8294 | generic | With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain indigenous languages. Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardised languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups. Nigeri... | What type of languages are the most popular in Nigeria? | {'text': 'indigenous', 'answer_start': 119} |
45,431 | 45,089 | 570fee9a80d9841400ab3737 | generic | Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions. However, 32 of the 50 states still e... | In the United States, how many murders are there for each execution? | {'text': '700', 'answer_start': 206} |
73,607 | 73,265 | 5a8c7ba2fd22b3001a8d88e8 | generic | Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for European football and a place in the FA Community Shield match. Arsenal are the current holders, having beaten Aston Villa 4–0 in ... | Who is the least successful club? | {'text': 'Arsenal', 'answer_start': 427} |
3,785 | 3,443 | 56ce31baaab44d1400b8853c | generic | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | In what year did New York become the largest city in the United States? | {'text': '1790', 'answer_start': 276} |
64,032 | 63,690 | 5ad3e1b4604f3c001a3ff51b | generic | Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of UNITE HERE and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees an... | What union aren't Yale's service and maintenance workers a part of? | {'text': 'Local 35 of the same international', 'answer_start': 245} |
21,568 | 21,226 | 56e963a699e8941900975f8a | generic | During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern. There were 89 kindergarten classes with a total of 1,641 pupils in the municipality. Of the kindergarten pupils, 32.4% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 40.2% have a different mother lang... | How many kindergarten classes were there? | {'text': '89', 'answer_start': 106} |
84,140 | 83,798 | 5728cfb7ff5b5019007da70e | generic | Along with the desire for independence, tensions between Hindus and Muslims had also been developing over the years. The Muslims had always been a minority within the subcontinent, and the prospect of an exclusively Hindu government made them wary of independence; they were as inclined to mistrust Hindu rule as they we... | How many people migrated between the newly created countries of India and Pakistan? | {'text': '12 million', 'answer_start': 1050} |
46,934 | 46,592 | 5719ca564faf5e1900b8a7f6 | generic | The first such boom, covering the early years of the city, rode on the lumber industry. (During this period the road now known as Yesler Way won the nickname "Skid Road", supposedly after the timber skidding down the hill to Henry Yesler's sawmill. The later dereliction of the area may be a possible origin for the term... | After Yesler Way fell into ill refute, what was the term generally used for this type of decline? | {'text': 'Skid Row', 'answer_start': 371} |
48,955 | 48,613 | 5acfc09f77cf76001a685ca8 | generic | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | What happened when later governments tried to continue Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's tax policies? | {'text': 'it created rebellion', 'answer_start': 641} |
58,992 | 58,650 | 5acd898407355d001abf464c | generic | These American settlers established a permanent foothold in the area and ignored Spanish officials. The British settlers who had remained also resented Spanish rule, leading to a rebellion in 1810 and the establishment for ninety days of the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23. After... | Where were the French overcome at? | {'text': 'Baton Rouge', 'answer_start': 389} |
94,104 | 93,762 | 5ad13409645df0001a2d1135 | generic | As of 2008[update], geothermal power development was under way in more than 40 countries, partially attributable to the development of new technologies, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems. The development of binary cycle power plants and improvements in drilling and extraction technology may enable enhanced geothermal... | What is not operational in the USA, Australia, Germany, France and The United Kingdom? | {'text': 'Demonstration EGS projects', 'answer_start': 407} |
113,820 | 113,478 | 5730265d04bcaa1900d77238 | generic | The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitut... | Who can veto Parliament? | {'text': 'The Guardian Council', 'answer_start': 0} |
122,348 | 122,006 | 57319e69e17f3d1400422279 | generic | In a video posted on July 21, 2009, YouTube software engineer Peter Bradshaw announced that YouTube users can now upload 3D videos. The videos can be viewed in several different ways, including the common anaglyph (cyan/red lens) method which utilizes glasses worn by the viewer to achieve the 3D effect. The YouTube Fla... | Peter Bradshaw held what position in youtube? | {'text': 'software engineer', 'answer_start': 44} |
77,696 | 77,354 | 57277a725951b619008f8adf | generic | The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the base form of programming for TCM upon the network's launch. Before the creation of Turner Classic Movies, films from Turner's library of movies aired on the Turner Broadcasting System's advertiser-supported cable network TNT – along with colorized versions of ... | Who did Turner ink a deal with to distribute Warner Bros. films from before 1950? | {'text': 'MGM/UA', 'answer_start': 405} |
85,101 | 84,759 | 5a7e274270df9f001a8754f2 | generic | Time appears to have a direction—the past lies behind, fixed and immutable, while the future lies ahead and is not necessarily fixed. Yet for the most part the laws of physics do not specify an arrow of time, and allow any process to proceed both forward and in reverse. This is generally a consequence of time being mod... | What does quantum mechanics determine about entropy? | {'text': 'must increase over time', 'answer_start': 547} |
59,647 | 59,305 | 57267b2ef1498d1400e8e13e | generic | However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form o... | In what year was the Church of Scotland recognized as a Presbyterian institution by the moncarh? | {'text': '1688', 'answer_start': 41} |
107,802 | 107,460 | 5a8a2a4e3b2508001a72a704 | generic | The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico. On November 8, 2012, Washington, D.C. newspaper The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances be... | What Congress members agreed with Serrano's assessment? | {'text': 'U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez', 'answer_start': 340} |
70,833 | 70,491 | 5726e9d2dd62a815002e94f9 | generic | NigComSat-1, a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite. It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China. The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Age... | When did Nigeria's third satellite run out of power? | {'text': '11 November 2008', 'answer_start': 336} |
66,067 | 65,725 | 5a81b0f531013a001a334d78 | generic | On 8 June 1856, the next settlement began on Norfolk Island. These were the descendants of Tahitians and the HMS Bounty mutineers, including those of Fletcher Christian. They resettled from the Pitcairn Islands, which had become too small for their growing population. On 3 May 1856, 193 persons left Pitcairn Islands ab... | Where did the next settlement of people on Norfolk Island bomb? | {'text': 'the Pitcairn Islands', 'answer_start': 190} |
12,886 | 12,544 | 5ad2dcaed7d075001a42a53f | generic | Another Arabic word sometimes used for Christians, particularly in a political context, is Ṣalībī (صليبي "Crusader") from ṣalīb (صليب "cross") which refers to Crusaders and has negative connotations. However, Salibi is a modern term; historically, Muslim writers described European Christian Crusaders as al-Faranj or Al... | What did European writers describe Muslim Crusaders as? | {'text': 'al-Faranj or Alfranj (الفرنج) and Firinjīyah (الفرنجيّة) in Arabic', 'answer_start': 305} |
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